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Largely due to the potential threats to development, and human lives of well known climate changes, the World Bank is getting involved in a range of activities under the subject. The note focuses on climate changes in Africa, and, although it is argued that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from development projects in Africa should be paid minor attention, - because GHG emissions from Africa are negligible on a global scale; industrial countries should be the ones to bear major costs of...
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We performed a cross-sectional study of populations from two areas of Mali, in May and June 1996. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which leprosy causes physical disability in Mali. One area was rural (Circle of Bougouni), the other urban (Bamako District). We used a cluster sampling method, with 500 households selected for study in each of the two areas. All members of the households randomly selected were included in the study. For all survey sites, the number of households...
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Twenty primary schools in three areas (Merebank, Austerville and Bluff) of south-central Durban, South Africa were studied to determine if dust lead loading (μg/m2) is high enough to constitute a risk to children. Atmospheric lead fallout rates in the schools varied from 9 to 264 μg/m2 per day and were higher than the values now being reported in the developed countries. Mean outside dust lead loadings were 425 μg/m2 in Merebank, 771 μg/m2 in Austerville and 1174 μg/m2 in Bluff areas, and...
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This study examined the effectiveness of smoking cessation counseling by physicians-in-training (residents) with African-American patients. One hundred fifty-eight family and internal medicine residents at a large urban public general hospital participated in the study; two thirds of the residents underwent a 2-hour smoking cessation training program. Ninety-two of the trained physicians counseled from 1 to 18 patients. The majority of physicians were male, with 8% being current smokers....
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Although HIV infection is now seen as pandemic in many parts of Africa, little is known about existing perceptions and knowledge regarding the disease or about the use of preventive measures among groups with the highest infection rates. Further, many call for theoretically-based formative evaluations and interventions, yet few appear to utilize theory to determine perceptions and knowledge and to evaluate existing campaigns. This project reports the results of a theoretically-based...
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Since the fall of the apartheid regime South African higher education has begun to undergo a process of fundamental transformation. First-world universities, which were beneficiaries (however unwilling) of past racial inequalities, have had to adapt to the urgent needs of what is a post-colonial and, for the majority of its citizens, a third-world society. South Africa, therefore, provides a particularly sharp example of the encounter between a higher education system established within the...
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Using a 4 × 2 quasi-experimental factorial design, an exploratory study within the South African context was conducted to investigate the effects of sex-role identity and gender on occupational sex role stereotypes held by 173 White English-speaking Grade 9 pupils. The Bem Sex Role Inventory and a vocational checklist were employed as measures. The results revealed only a significant main effect of gender on the occupational sex role stereotypes. The implications of the findings on the field...
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A new recognition of the college experiences of African American undergraduates is examined by environmental from the perspective of whether students see themselves as marginalized or mattering. Students matter when they believe others in the environment care about them. This report explores the results of study of sampling of undergraduate students utilizing this perspective regarding their views on number of facets of university life. The differences between responses of African American...
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Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are the world's single most significant cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation. Data regarding IDD in upper Egypt are scarce and even lacking.The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence of IDD and some potential risk factors in upper Egypt. Using a two-stage cluster sampling technique, 6750 school children aged 8–10 years were screened for IDD through clinical examination of the thyroid gland and determination of urinary iodine,...
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Abstract The author examines a cluster of themes in the school lives of 10‐ and 11‐year‐old African‐American girls in an independent African‐centered school in Illinois, USA. Through conversation and student writings, the author illustrates that these girls position themselves in multiple and contradictory ways. In the co‐educational classroom, they seemed passive, even invisible. Yet in conversation outside of class, they were wilful, audacious, ‘womanish’ girls who attempted to bring about...
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A retrospective analysis of nine consecutive cases of ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) that were seen at Gondar hospital from 1993 to 1995 is presented. Ileosigmoid knotting is a condition in which the ileum and the sigmoid entangle each other to form a knot and become gangrenous. It was found that the clinical features of ISK were the results of combination of symptoms and signs of small and large bowel obstruction. The presentations were so dramatic that the majority of patients deteriorated...
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Progesterone suppresses gallbladder smooth muscle function but its exact mechanism is unknown. We sought to determine the cellular site where progesterone impairs gallbladder smooth muscle. Sixty-four adult male guinea pigs were injected with either progesterone (2 mg/kg/day sc) or normal saline (controls) for 7 days. Dose-response curves of gallbladder strips to cholecystokinin (CCK), bethanechol, and potassium (K+) were constructed in vitro. To better define the basis for the progesterone...
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