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In international assessments (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [PISA-OECD] and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study–International Evaluation of Educational Achievement [PIRLS-IEA]), children's reading skills are not assessed before the fourth grade. For students who are poor readers, it is often too late by this time to carry out efficient and effective remedial instruction. To be efficient remedial...

This study explores the extent to which American educational ideas made an impact on policy‐making and practice of education in British African colonies between the two World Wars. The analysis re‐examines the apparent ‘borrowing’ of American black industrial education models for application in Africa. It is argued that, while the view that Americans were successful in handling racial conflicts by means of education at home carried strong symbolic meaning in the colonial political arena, the...

To study the therapeutic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) injection into the inner ears through a scala tympani fenestration on sensorineural deafness in a guinea pig model of gentamicin-induced hearing loss.Twenty guinea pigs with gentamicin-induced hearing loss were randomized equally into IGF-1 group and control group. In both groups, scala tympani fenestration was performed for injection of IGF-1 (10 microl) or artificial perilymphatic fluid (10 microl). Auditory brainstem...

The objective was to determine the relationship between nutritional status as measured by height-forage, weight-for-age, body mass index for age (BMI for-age) and learning achievement. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study was conducted in 34 elementary schools in the district of Kumi, east of Uganda. The subjects included a random selection of 1003 children (457 boys and 546 girls) of grade 4, aged 9-15 years. Standard methods were used to determine height and weight....

The main purpose of the Secondary Education in Africa (SEIA) -TRANSE study has been to identify and analyze measures that may lead to more efficient and equitable transitions in secondary education. These measures are on the one hand aiming at improving the structure and increasing the capacity of secondary education, and on the other hand to facilitate the individuals' possibilities to enter and to succeed in secondary education. Measures may be implemented at the national, regional or...

Abstract. ODP Site 1078 situated under the coast of Angola provides the first record of the vegetation history for Angola. The upper 11 m of the core covers the past 30 thousand years, which has been analysed palynologically in decadal to centennial resolution. Alkenone sea surface temperature estimates were analysed in centennial resolution. We studied sea surface temperatures and vegetation development during full glacial, deglacial, and interglacial conditions. During the glacial the...

Although student discipline had existed since the beginning of mankind, the disciplinary methods employed have changed over the years, giving rise to culturally irrelevant disciplinary strategies. This study explored teachers’ views about approaches to discipline experienced in Botswana schools in terms of policy and practice. In particular, the study sought for information on teachers’ day-to-day experiences and their views with regard to the implementation of student discipline...

This study investigated the effects of the cooperative and competitive learning on academic performance of students in mathematics in order to find out which one of them is the more effective learning strategy. The sample of the study was 400 Senior Secondary Schools III, Mathematics students made up of 240 boys and 160 girls randomly selected from four out of five States in South West Nigeria. Quasi experimental design was adopted for the study. Two instruments were used namely Mathematics...

ABSTRACT In this article Eritrea is discussed as a developmental state based on biopolitics. Taking the example of higher education, it is shown how the biopolitical project as applied to education policies and human resource development at first succeeded in terms of reinforcing personal nationalism, while at the same time opening up spaces for the fulfilment of personal aspirations. Of late, however, the biopolitical project has turned ‘pernicious’ and has become a tool of oppression....

Pastoralists traditionally relied on herd mobility to cope with drought. In the pastoral areas of Kajiado, Kenya this strategy is now threatened by increased individual land ownership as compared to communal access.  Drought frequency as related to El-Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is predicated to increase with climate change. The aim of the study was investigate the use of herd mobility strategy in the ENSO related 1999/2000 la Nina induced drought under different land tenure types...

Permanent congenital and early-onset hearing loss (PCEHL) is associated with significant developmental deficits in speech, language and cognitive skills when detected beyond the first year of life. Hospital-based universal newborn hearing screening is recognised as an essential component of neonatal care worldwide. Although about 32,000 babies are estimated to have PCEHL annually in Nigeria infants are rarely offered any form of hearing screening tests. This research therefore set out to...

Gestational trophoblastic disease: a 10 year review of clinicopathological features of cases seen at University of Benin Teaching Hosptial, Benin City.Annals Biomedical Sciences 2002; 1:94-99. Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are common among Nigerian women in their reproductive life. They are important in that they present a unique opportunity for early detection and cure. This study aimed at identifying the various histological types encountered in Benin City and defining their...

A study of the helminth infection status of primary-school children and the hygiene condition of schools in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria was undertaken between November 2004 and February 2005 to help guide the development of a school-based health programme.THREE PRIMARY SCHOOLS WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED: two government-owned schools (one urban and the other rural) and one urban private school. No rural private schools existed to survey. A total of 257 schoolchildren aged...

Malaria accounts for 10% of deaths in children below the age of 5 years in Nigeria. These deaths are due to severe forms of malaria. Reports on the frequency of manifestation of severe malaria in this age group are scanty. Therefore 309 children aged 6 months to 5 years with falciparum malaria and no other identifiable cause of fever were evaluated by clinical and laboratory methods for manifestations of severe malaria, using the World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria for defining severe...

An audit of surgery related deaths was carried out to determine the most common causes of such death. A total of 338 deaths (205 males and 133 females – 3.3:2) were recorded in the Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over a five-year period (September 1, 1996 to August 31, 2001). Cancer as an entity accounted for the highest number of deaths (104 or 30.8%); the commonest being those of the colorectum, stomach, pancreas and prostate. Other significant causes...

In this case-control study, we examined the perinatal outcome in 272 pregnancies complicated by hypertension and compared the result with that of 816 control cases. The overall prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) was 7.2%. There was significantly higher perinatal mortality rate (PMR) of 110.3 per 1000 deliveries in hypertensive mothers compared with 33.0 per 1000 deliveries in normotensive mothers. Comparing the various subtypes of HDP, chronic hypertension with...

An audit of patients with penetrating abdominal injuries who were admitted and managed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 1, 1992 and December 31st 2001 was carried out to ascertain the pattern of injury. Of the 34 cases, 30 (88.2%) were males and 4 (11.8%) females, giving a male/female ratio of 8.5:1. The age range was 1 to 51 years (mean 25.23±5.6years). The 21 to 30 age group was the most vulnerable while those above 60 were least affected. Gun was the weapon...

Abstract Land degradation is the result of the intersection of a complex set of biophysical and socio‐economic factors. The capacity of an individual or community to address land degradation is likewise constrained. While it is quite possible for professionals and learners to grasp the main issues around land degradation from a theoretical perspective, internalising the reality of what it means to be the resource degrader is more difficult. We have developed two active learning methods that...