Mastery of BasicMathematical Concepts Among Secondary School Teachers and Students in MbeyaRegion, Tanzania - Masebo, Agrey (2008)
Mastery of mathematics concepts is indispensable in the process of learning mathematics and application in daily life. The teachers’ and students’ mastery of basic mathematical concepts becomes questionable if there are reports on the perpetuation of poor and pathetic mathematics performance in Tanzania. This study was conducted with the main objective of identifying the mastery of basic mathematical concepts of integers, algebra, fractions, and decimals among secondary school teachers and students in Mbeya region of Tanzania. The study employed quantitative research approach and evaluative research design. A special designed test for testing the mastery of basic mathematical concepts from the four topics namely fraction, integers, algebra and ratios was administered to both category of respondents. The test was moderated and tested for its validity and reliability by expert mathematics teachers. Twenty four (24) teachers and 120 students from the three secondary schools in Mbeya region participated in the study and the questionnaires were also used to collect data from teachers and students. The main findings of this study showed that:- teachers mastered well the basic concept contrary to their students who showed poor mastery of the basic mathematical concepts. Also the findings of this study indicated that teachers and students differed most in the mastery of algebraic concepts followed by integers. The results revealed further that, teachers perceived algebra as most difficult mathematical concepts to teach followed by integers. Lastly, it was found that students perceived integers as most difficult mathematical area to learn followed by algebraic concepts. This study then recommends that teachers still needed support in the pedagogical knowledge rather than in the content knowledge. Mathematics syllabus should emphasize mastery of mathematical concepts as part of the content to be learned as well as locating adequate time for coverage of topics.
Keywords: openalex:import

A model for role-based security education, training and awareness in the South African healthcare environment - Maseti, Ophola S (2008)
It is generally accepted that a business operates more efficiently when it is able to consolidate information from a variety of sources. This principle applies as much in the healthcare environment. Although limited in the South African context, the use of electronic systems to access information is advancing rapidly. Many aspects have to be considered in regards to such a high availability of information, for example, training people how to access and protect information, motivating them to use the systems and information extensively and effectively, ensuring adequate levels of security, confronting ethical issues and maintaining the availability of information at crucial times. This is especially true in the healthcare sector, where access to critical data is often vital. This data must be accessed by different kinds of people with different levels of access. However, accessibility often leads to vulnerabilities. The healthcare sector deals with very sensitive data. People’s medical records need to be kept confidential; hence, security is very important. Information of a very sensitive nature is exposed to human intervention on various levels (e.g. nurses, administrative staff, general practitioners and specialists). In this scenario, it is important for each person to be aware of the requirements in terms of security and privacy, especially from a legal perspective. Because of the large dependence on the human factor in maintaining information security, organisations must employ mechanisms that address this at the staff level. One such mechanism is information security education, training and awareness programmes. As the learner is the recipient of information in such a programme, it is increasingly important that it targets the audience that it is intended for. This will maximize the benefits achieved from such a programme. This can be achieved through following a role-based approach in the design and development of the SETA programme. This research therefore proposes a model for a role-based SETA programme, with the area of application being in the South African healthcare environment.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' curriculum development experiences of the transition from mother tongue to English as a medium of instruction : a case study of three primary schools in Lesotho. - Masilo, Mamotloang Grace. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Students' perception of the importance of christian religious education in character development in secondary schools in Limuru division in Kiambu west district, Kenya - Mathenge, Nyaguthii C (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Problem solving approach and learning of mathematics by secondary school students in Kenya - Matseshe, J.; Wando, D.; Oyebanji, Peter K. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Handling School Science Curriculum in Botswana: Local Context Realities and Experiences - Matsoga (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Violence in Botswana schools: implications for practice, policy and research - Maundeni, Tapologo (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

A critical review of the role of the teacher in curriculum development with special reference to Zimbabwe - Mavhunga, Pharoah Joseph; Phiri, Mmakaki Dorothy (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and Retaining More Rural Doctors for South Africa - Mavuso, Joel Gcina (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Symbolism in education: A comparative legal analysis of symbolism, language and culture in the United States and South Africa - Mawdsley, Ralph D.; Waal, Elda de (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Use of print and electronic resources by students at the University of Malawi College of Medicine - Mawindo, Diana Mphatso. (Mousaion, 2008)
The proliferation of information available in electronic format has been perpetuated by rapid technological advances. Users have a choice between print and electronic resources. At the same time, the use of these resources is determined by what is available to the users and what the users prefer. Problems that users encounter in accessing resources determine their preference for either the print or the electronic format. The purpose of the study was to evaluate students' use of print and electronic resources at the University of Malawi College of Medicine. Using the survey method and a self-administered questionnaire and interview, findings indicated that students used both print and electronic resources. However, print resources were more heavily used than electronic ones. The students also preferred print resources to electronic. A lack of computers and low levels of computer and information literacy contributed to the underutilisation of electronic resources.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching peace, transforming conflict? : exploring participants' perceptions of the impact of informal peace education training in Uganda - May, Andrée le (2008)
Peace education has recemtly become very fashionable but little is known about he outcome and impact of both formal and informal peace-education programmes. This book is an attempt to fill the gap between well-meant intentions and reality by exploring the impact of an informal workshop-style peace-education programme in Uganda. From the perspective of the 'alternatives to violence' programme, the author takes the reader on a journey through the theoretical underpinnings and intentions of peace education, unfolds some of the underlying intricacies, challenges and side efforts, and illustrates these with concrete examples. - Anika May has an MA in International Development Studies from ISHSS/UvA and has worked for development agencies in Indonesia, Venezuela, Germany and Brussels. One of her fields of interest is peace and conflict issues and she conducted her thesis research in Uganda where she explored participants' perceptions of a countrywide peace education programme and did consultancy work for the German Development Service (DED). Since the beginning of 2008, she has been working in international cooperation for Context, a development consultancy based in Utrecht, where her work focuses on civic driven change. She is also teaching an undergraduate course at ISHSS/UvA.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Perceptions of Teachers and Students on the Factors Contributing To the High Failure Rates in Mathematics at Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE) Examinations in Mayuge District - Mayanja, Moses (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Managing Diversity in Transforming Institutions of Higher Education: The Case of Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa - Mayekiso, Tokozile; Snodgrass, Lyn (The International journal of diversity in organisations, communities and nations, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Developments in History teaching at secondary school level in Swaziland: lessons from classroom research. - Mazibuko, Edmund Z. (2008)
History is a complex subject and teaching history is even much more complex than people think. It is more propositional than procedural in nature and involves adductive reasoning, where historical evidence and facts are reconstructed through speculation, imagination and empathy (Nichol, 1984; Booth, 1983). The effective teaching of history is more than the transmission of knowledge, but rather it is a process where students and teachers interact in the classroom as they share ideas, reflect and engage in reasoning. It is through this interaction that thinking and understanding will occur. This paper is a reflection on the developments in the teaching of history at secondary and high school level in Swaziland. The paper is based on research on a new history curriculum introduced in Swaziland in January 2006. In particular, the paper will highlight the research on the implementation of the new history syllabus. The paper will highlight the major challenges facing history teaching in the context of the new curriculum. Implications for the preparation of history teachers in Swaziland will be identified.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) inAfrica: Using ICT to improve education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Mbatia, Paul N. (2008)
This paper examines the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in expanding opportunities in education and improving access to quality education in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper observes that the application of ICTs has become the engine of change in emerging information societies of the new millennium. While development is increasingly ICT driven, Africa still has limited capacities and infrastructures that support ICT By use of secondary data, the conditions of ICT development and use in education in Africa are highlighted. The paper further illustrates the potential for improvement in performance of the education sector in Africa with appropriate application of  ICT The conclusion drawn is that the application of ICTs would improve the education sector in Africa in three critical areas namely; Increased access to education, improved quality of teaching and learning and improved efficiency in administration and management of schools.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Reforms on the Quality of Primary Education in Tanzania - Mbelle, Amon V. Y. (2008)
Investing in education is defended for economic and non-economic reasons. Primary education provision is considered as the minimum education needed to equip citizens with skills required in life. It is a human right. It is for this reason that countries invest in primary education. Tanzania started implementing a comprehensive programme, the Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP) in 2002, designed to improve both access and quality. Due to pressure resulting from high pupils/classroom ratio and high pupils/desk ratio, the government introduced a number of reforms to cope with the situation. One such measure was to introduce a double shift system in government primary schools. Dar es Salaam region was chosen as the pilot region, with the aim of extending to other regions. This study attempted to analyse the impact of these reforms on quality, with Dar es Salaam region as the case study. The method of analysis included regression analysis and correlation analysis on primary data, covering issues related to learner performance. A comparison of performance is made between government and non-goverment primary schools. The findings of the study show no strong evidence of the impact of multiple shifts per se, but rather inadequate attention given to key ratios that improve performance, like availability of enough textbooks and teachers, i.e. implementing different foundation programmes. In order to safeguard quality, it is recommended that a common foundation programme be defined and implemented, with respect to levels of inputs and cost. In light of the aspirations of Tanzania’s National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty, provision of universal secondary education is suggested.
Keywords: openalex:import

PROMOTION OF NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS IN RURAL AND URBAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MACHAKOS DISTRICT, KENYA - Mbithe, Dorcus; Kimiywe, Judith; Waudo, Judith N.; Orodho, John Aluko (2008)
Objective: Nutrition knowledge among primary school children in Kenya requires improvement because the coverage of nutrition in syllabi has been on a downward trend since independence. A nine-month nutrition education intervention was conducted to address the gap in knowledge among school children in Machakos District. Methodology and results: A baseline survey was conducted among 350 pupils in classes 5 and 6 in 15 out of 23 schools in the zone. Two experimental and two control schools were selected from a rural and urban set-up to participate in the 9-month intervention. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, pre-tests and post-tests were used to collect data. SPSS and Nutri-Survey computer packages were used to analyze data in descriptive and inferential statistics. Nutrition knowledge among pupils improved significantly in experimental rural and urban schools compared to the control schools. Although not statistically significant, underweight, stunting and wasting levels before the intervention reduced from 14.5, 28.9 and 3.9% respectively, to 11.8, 21 and 2.6%, respectively after the intervention. Conclusion and potential application of findings: There was significant improvement in nutrition knowledge and practices in both rural and urban experimental schools. Transfer of nutrition information and skills learnt at school to the community was also noted. Although food shortage may be a leading cause of malnutrition, lack of nutrition education is an equally important factor that should be addressed in tackling malnutrition. Nutrition education could be efficiently provided in the enabling environment provided by schools using affordable and easily available resources such as school gardens. More effort should be made to strengthen nutrition education among school children in developing countries.
Keywords: openalex:import

The effects of performance contracts on employees: A case of Kenya Institute of Education - Mburai, Beth W (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Towards an understanding of the social learning dynamic in the advancement of organic farming in South Africa. - McCosh, Jon Stuart. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Design and Implementation of an Integrated Academic Information Management System and E-Learning Platform For Tanzanian Teachers-Training Colleges (AIMSE). - Mchanja, Yasin Issa (2008)
ICT infrastructural development in Tanzania is progressing at a considerable rate comparable to other low-income countries globally and Sub Saharan Africa . Over the years. several initiatives have been made by the government f Tanzania and other agencies to develop the infrastructure so as to bridge the digital divide between Tanzania and the developed world. Prominent among these initiatives is IICI) supported project called ICT-Connect-TED Networking Teacher Training Colleges. This project was formally launched in Bagarnoyo in September 20()j with a series 01' K'T training activities for the principals or a] (44) Tanzanian Teacher Training Col lcucx (TTCs) and their technicians. Today, three TTCs based in Monduli. Korogwc and lrinua own the project and run it from their respective institutes. This project enables the Installation of computers in all of Tanzania as TTCs and links them to. the internet. ICT performance of the colleges will be reinforced through the mutual exchange o ldata. ihis is the main leverage for a rapid and useful application of lCT in development .However. after the first phase of acquiring computers and putting the network in place. the remaining task is to develop contents and tools to make sure that students and stall utilize the available lCT resources for teaching and learning. Seeing this, there is a need to analyze, design and implement educational software for academic information arid network all students and staff through I social network
Keywords: openalex:import

Mobile teacher training troupes: a source for capacity building in primary teacher education in Malawi - Mchazime, Hartford (2008)
In 1994 Malawi declared free primary education (FPE). As a result of the declaration close to 1.7 million new pupils entered primary school. These pupils were to be taught by 45,000 qualified teachers in the system. At the same time, the government committed itself to providing all necessary learning materials - textbooks, exercise books, writing materials and everything that creates a good learning environment at school. These innovations created major challenges to the smooth running of the education system. There was an acute shortage of qualified teachers to address the huge enrolments and an inadequate supply of instructional materials. The traditional government pre-service teacher training was modified into a teacher education program known as the Malawi Integrated Inservice Teacher Education Program (MIITEP). The MIITEP, however, turned out teachers unprepared for their work.
Keywords: openalex:import

The challenges facing parents and teachers of learners with intellectual disabilities in the transition from primary to high school in South Africa - McKinney, Victor (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Lessons from the Segregated Classroom: An Oral History of the Experiences and Practices of Three Retired African American Teachers - McKoy, Saundra Melinda (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Local Teachers Talking, About ICT and With ICT, in Rural Africa - McLean, Pamela (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Singing songs of AIDS in Venda, South Africa : performance, pollution, and ethnomusicology in a 'neo-liberal' setting - McNeill, Fraser G.; James, Deborah (2008)
Ethnomusicologists and anthropologists of sub-Saharan Africa have long argued that music is securely positioned within specific social contexts: delineating life-cycle stages, political allegiances, or gender positions. The performance of songs and dances has also been shown to be a mechanism in the creation of identities. A subsequent generation of scholars, more interested in migrant and/or popular forms, has examined the ways in which music can be deployed to transcend its social positioning. The paper challenges and extends these approaches by examining the contradictory roles of music in a ‘neo-liberal’ South African setting with high rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence. As mostly young, unmarried and unemployed women, female HIV/AIDS peer group educators in Venda embrace their new-found identity as quasi-social workers and, ultimately, aim for employment in the governmental health sector. In part, this identity is predicated upon their promotion of biomedical understandings of the virus: but this occurs in an environment in which, like many other parts of rural South Africa, causes of death rarely become public knowledge and unsubstantiated accounts of illness circulate through gossip, accusations, rumour and various ‘backstage’ settings. Music is fundamental to these educators’ enterprise, as they claim to ‘sing about what they cannot talk about’. Sanctioned by international funding agencies, peer educators’ account of AIDS is centred on the promotion of prevention and treatment, and they use existing musical genres such as initiation school, ‘struggle’ and gospel songs to communicate their message to the wider public. Peer educators advertise state-funded services such as voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) through their weekly musical performances. The contrast between peer educators’ songs and the commentary provided by male dominated zwilombe guitar music reveals two very divergent and historically constituted understandings of the virus and its prevention. Textual analysis of zwilombe guitar songs demonstrates that the actions and songs of peer educators have quite unintended – and potentially counter-productive – consequences. By public association with HIV/AIDS, they have simultaneously implicated themselves in harbouring pollution and distributing the virus – with important implications for the promotion of condom use. The positive identity they seem to have constructed must thus be read through gendered and generational perspectives through which peer education speaks directly to a patriarchal ‘folk model’ of sexual illness.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Clash of Common Senses: Two African American Women become Teachers - Meacham, Shuaib J. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The History and Devolution of Education in South Africa - Meek, Christopher B.; Meek, Joshua Y. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Voices of Teachers in Academic and Vocational Secondary Schools in Egypt: Perceived Consequences of Educational Reform for Quality and Equality - Megahed, Nagwa (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Social Inequalities, Educational Attainment, and Teachers in Egypt - Megahed, Nagwa; Ginsburg, Mark (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

An Evaluative Case Study of a Mathematics Program at a Deaf School in Ghana and an Ecological Explanation for Challenges Preventing Deaf Students Access to Quality Education - Melander, Hilary Ann (2008)
AN EVALUATIVE CASE STUDY OF A MATHEMATICS PROGRAM AT A DEAF SCHOOL IN GHANA AND AN ECOLOGICAL EXPLANATION FOR CHALLENGES PREVENTING DEAF STUDENTS ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION Hilary Melander Department of Sociology
Keywords: openalex:import

The Late Cenozoic volcanic complex of Massif d’Ambre, northern Madagascar - Melluso, Leone; Morra, Vincenzo Brescia; Cucciniello, Ciro; Franciosi, Luigi; Grifa, Celestino; Lustrino, Michele; Modeste; Petrone, Chiara Maria; Riziky, Hiviel; Rocco, Ivana (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION WITH A HYBRID ENERGY-ECONOMY APPROACH FOR AFRICA, THE MIDDLE EAST AND LATIN AMERICA - Melton, Noel (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Environmental education: creative place-making in Papua New Guinea - Menin, Sarah; Preston, Lewis T. (2008)
This paper addresses how experience of environment may be an important stimulant in the creative process through which appropriate architectural place may be made. We will argue that with a better understanding of their own reactions in and to environments architectural students may be more sensitive to the effects of their architectural gestures on others. Accepting that such depth experiences are mirrored in archetypal forms and patterns in indigenous architectures, we will use as a case study the education of architects and the creation of architecture in Papua New Guinea [PNG]. We argue that an appropriate architecture, responsive to the locale of PNG, offers the antithesis of the often inappropriate internationalised architecture.
Keywords: openalex:import

Reviewing Access to Higher Education in South Africa - Menon, Kirti; Cele, Nhlanhla (2008)
This paper reviews the unregulated widening of student participation in higher education in postapartheid South Africa. The recent changes in South African higher education landscape have been perceived as causing significant systemic impasse and financial strain as many institutions increasingly fail to account for their failure to graduate these learners out of the system. It is argued in this paper that failure to strike and hold a balance between equity of access and equity of outcomes inevitably perpetuates the continued exclusion of historically marginalised groups from participating in the broader political, economic and social systems and structures. This form of exclusion is potentially detrimental to the sustainability of the economic and social order in the country, if only because of the threat of social instability. More profoundly, it affirms and perpetuates class differences and inequalities as the key defining factors of the new social order.
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Adolescent Involvement in Non-School Based Activities - Mercado, Cristina; Rowley, Stephanie J. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Distance Education Training for the Food Processing Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa - Mercer, Donald G.; Lund, Daryl; Meech, Julia (2008)
Poster/Factsheet provides objectives and project summary of work conducted in partnership with Kemptville Campus.
Keywords: openalex:import

A comparison of WISC-IV test performance for Afrikaans, English and Xhosa speaking South African Grade 7 learners - Merwe, Adele Van der (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on the diversity of magma sources and regional geodynamic significance of Bure volcanic rocks from the northwestern Ethiopian volcanic province - Meshesha, Agonafir Daniel (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Biochemical Changes Induced by Heavy Metal Pollution in Marine Fishes at Khomse Coast, Libya - Metwally, M. A. A.; Fouad, I. M. (2008)
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and mercury) in seawater as well as in three different types of fishes (Pagellus acarne, Sarpa salpa and Liza saliens) with emphasis on their relation with some biomarkers. Samples were collected from El- Khoms coast Libya during winter 2004. The concentration of all measured heavy metals in sea water significantly (P 0.01) increased in comparison to their concentration 17 years ago , except for Cd which decreased. In muscles and liver tissues of Sarpa salpa, Cu, concentration was markedly higher than the two other fish Pagellus acarne and Liza saliens. Otherwise, Cu, bioaccumulation showed non-significant difference between Pagellus acarne and Liza. Among studied fish species, pb in muscles and liver tissues were obviously higher in Pagellus acarne than in the two other fish species. Zn concentration showed marked differences among different fish species. Cd concentration also elevated in Pagellus acarne than two other fish species. It could be concluded that lipid peroxidation expressed by Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione peroxidase (GSSG P), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) could be used as biomarkers for heavy metals pollution in fish.
Keywords: openalex:import

Why do learners drop out of school? Learner perceptions in the Fort Beaufort District, Eastern Cape, South Africa - Mgwangqa, Vuyiswa (Commonwealth Youth and Development, 2008)
This article is based on a master in education research study undertaken in the Fort Beaufort district of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In a case study, Mgwangqa used interpretive qualitative research techniques, based mainly on structured and semi-structured interviews of teachers, learners and parents, to find out why learners drop out of school in the early years of secondary education. Like many other quantitative as well as qualitative studies, she found that poverty was the overriding factor in dropouts. However, the voices of learners provided a startling picture of life for children in the rural Eastern Cape. This article focuses on giving these voices a wider audience. The authors feel that no children should endure the situations described in the article, and that society must move to find much greater support for children who are at risk of humiliation and abuse at home and in school.
Keywords: openalex:import

Upholding the Rastafari religion in Zimbabwe: Farai Dzvova v Minister of Education, Sports and Culture and Others - Mhango, Mtendeweka (African Human Rights Law Journal, 2008)
This discussion deals with a unanimous decision by the Supreme Court of Zimbabwe, ruling that the expulsion of six year-old Farai Dzvova from the Ruvheneko Government Primary School because of his expression of his religious belief through wearing dreadlocks is a contravention of section 19 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. This contribution argues that the judgment in Farai is progressive and should be welcomed. It further argues that the reasoning by Cheda J, demonstrating why Rastafari qualifies as a religion under section 19 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe, should be welcomed particularly as progressively realising and promoting religious rights in Zimbabwe, and that it adds to the growing progressive religious jurisprudence in Southern Africa. It is further noted that the decision will likely have the effect of reversing similar rules or regulations which prohibit Rastafari learners from attending public schools on account of their dreadlocks in Southern Africa. The contribution criticises previous decisions by the Zimbabwe Supreme Court and the South African Constitutional Court that recognised Rastafari as a religion without explaining why this was done.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' and parents' perceptions concerning the underrepresentation of gifted African American students: A phenomenological study - Michael-Chadwell, Sharon (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Cost, Satisfaction, and Achievement of Primary Education- Evidence from Francophone Sub-saharan Africa - Michaelowa, Katharina; Wittmann, Eveline (Journal of Developing Areas, 2008)
Low teacher motivation and its detrimental effect on student achievement are central problems of many education systems in Africa. Using standardized data for student achievement in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar and Senegal, this paper analyzes the empirical links between various policy measures, teacher job satisfaction and primary education outcomes. It appears that there is only very limited evidence for the effectiveness of intensively debated and costly measures such as reducing class size, increasing academic qualification requirements, and increasing teachers salaries. Other, simpler measures such as an increased provision of textbooks are both more effective and less costly.
Keywords: openalex:import

Fire the Canon! Why we should NOT Teach Shakespeare in Kenyan Schools - Michira, J. N (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The heat is on—impacts of climate change on plant diversity in South Africa, edn 2. - Midgley, G. F.; Rutherford, M. C.; Bond, W. J.; Barnard, Phoebe (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

An Investigation of the factors that influence Staffroom culture and its impact on the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Performance: a case study of Kianda School - Mikui, Josephine (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Understanding curriculum in context: using currere to explore the perceptions, attitudes and practices of white teachers in classrooms with african american students - Milam, Jennifer L. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Oral Narration of African American Students in General and Gifted Education Programs - Mills, Monique T. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender Equality Issue in Ethiopian Higher Education under the Policy Context——Based on the Analysis of Female Students in Debub University - Ming-ku, Chen (Comparative Education Review, 2008)
s The proportion of women students in higher education has been low in Ethiopia due to historical, cultural and faith factors. Although the government has taken some educational policies to protect women to receive higher education, for example affirmative action program in order to lower the threshold to women from developing area, the situation has not improved much. The analysis of Debub University reveals that dropout rate is high and the graduation rate is low for female students. It indicates that social and cultural factors maybe more influential than equality policy in education.
Keywords: openalex:import

Status Analysis of Teaching Staff in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions - Ming-ku, Chen (Comparative Education Review, 2008)
With the rapid development of higher education in Ethiopia,the shortage of teaching staff be- comes very prominent.The problems mainly include insufficient supply of teachers,uneven academic distribution, low qualifications,high proportion of non-teaching staff,and low ability for professional development.In order to change the situation and to improve the composition and supply of teaching staff for the sustainable development of higher education in Ethiopia,the government has introduced some measures including improving teachers' salary and benefits,opening more routes for teacher preparation,employing foreign teachers,enhancing academic coop- eration and exchange,and reforming the system of administration etc.
Keywords: openalex:import

Using Remotely-Sensed Vegetation Condition Index to investigate the feasibility of Drought Insurance for Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe - Miranda, Mario J. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Recent Decline in the Employment of Persons with Disabilities in South Africa, 1998-2006 - Mitra, Sophie (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
This paper shows that there has been a significant decline in the employment and labor force participation of persons with disabilities in South Africa over the 1998 through 2006 period. Disability is defined based on activity limitations. Data are from the October and the General Household Surveys. The paper also deals with the possible causes of the decline. While several causes can be invoked, preliminary evidence suggests that the rise of the Disability Grant program might be responsible for a part of the decline. Recommendations are made for future research and data collection on disability and employment.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Recent Decline in the Employment of Persons with Disabilities in South Africa, 1998-2006 - Mitra, Sophie (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
This paper shows that there has been a significant decline in the employment and labor force participation of persons with disabilities in South Africa over the 1998 through 2006 period. Disability is defined based on activity limitations. Data are from the October and the General Household Surveys. The paper also deals with the possible causes of the decline. While several causes can be invoked, preliminary evidence suggests that the rise of the Disability Grant program might be responsible for a part of the decline. Recommendations are made for future research and data collection on disability and employment.
Keywords: openalex:import

The viability of Islam in the inclusion of women in development : a case study of Moroccan informal Islamic education networks - Miville, Nadine (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceptions and practices of learner rights in South African" black schools - Mkhize, Dumisani Ezra (2008)
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND, 2008.
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors Affecting the Development and Delivery of School- based Sex and Relationships Education in Tanzania - Mkumbo, Kitila A. K. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

School-based Sex and Relationships Education in Tanzania: Enablers and Barriers - Mkumbo, Kitila A. K. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Bullying at Rural High Schools in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Prevalence, and Risk and Protective Factors at School and in the Family - Mlisa, L. Nomfundo; Ward, Catherine L.; Flisher, Alan J.; Lombard, Carl (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2008)
This study examined bullying and risk and protective factors in school and family domains, in a sample of 1,565 Grade 11 students in 41 high schools in two rural school districts in South Africa. The questionnaire included two questions to identify bullies, victims and bully-victims, as well as measures drawn from the Communities That Care Youth Survey, which addressed risk and protective factors in the school and family. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association between risk and protective factors on bullying outcome. Students reported that in the last year, 3.90% were bullies, 16.49% were victims of bullying, and 5.45% were bully-victims. Geographical area was significantly associated with bullying status. Achieving relatively higher grades than classmates was significantly associated with victimization, as was rewards for conventional involvement in school. The higher levels of academic achievement were significantly associated with bully-victim status, and a moderate-high level of rewards for conventional involvement with bullying. No family factors were identified as associated with bullying or with victimization. Results provide confirmation that bullying is prevalent in rural South Africa, and suggest that the school domain plays a key role in establishing risk of victimization.
Keywords: openalex:import

Religious education and the promotion of sexual abstinence among Botswana secondary school students: implications for HIV prevention - Mmolai, Sana Koketso (Mosenodi, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Democratisation of education in South Africa: issues of social justice and the voice of learners? - Mncube, Vusi (South African Journal of Education, 2008)
The South African Schools Act No. 84 of 1996 mandates that secondary school learners, who are members of the Representative Council for Learners, should be part of school governance through participation in school governing bodies. But they are often not afforded a full opportunity to participate in crucial decisions by the adult members of governing bodies, directly or indirectly. I explore the participation of learners in school governance by means of a literature review and empirical investigation using a qualitative approach. The findings are presented in terms of the role of learners in the school governing bodies, learners' involvement in decision making and in curriculum issues, and the role of governing bodies in promoting democracy in the school and in the wider South African society. Findings suggested that spaces should be created for learners to participate sufficiently in SGBs in order to allow them to exercise their right to participation, thus engaging fruitfully in deliberations dealing with school governance. This would in turn lead to social justice and there would be a great potential for their voice to be heard. They would in turn engage fruitfully in dialogues as they felt included in debates and decision-making processes. Silencing the voice of learners, implicitly or explicitly, means that the issues of social justice and democracy are not taken into consideration in SGBs. Keywords : democracy; education; learners; school governance; social justice South African Journal of Education Vol. 28 (1) 2008: pp. 77-90
Keywords: openalex:import

INTERPRETATION OF EXPLORATION GEOCHEMICAL DATA FOR GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS FROM THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD OF THE RUNGWE VOLCANIC AREA, SW-TANZANIA - Mnjokava, Taramaeli (2008)
The Rungwe volcanic field in the Mbeya region, SW-Tanzania is known for its hot springs, the common manifestations of a geothermal energy source. This study is a part of the search for a potential high-enthalpy reservoir in this region. Chemical analysis for solutes in water samples from the Rungwe volcanic hot springs and caldera water from Lake Ngozi were used for interpretation in this report. The chemical characteristics of the hot springs were evaluated using Cl-SO4-HCO3, Li-Cl-B and Na-K-Mg ternary diagrams. All waters have low B/Cl ratios, suggesting that they are derived from an old hydrothermal system. Three groups of waters can be distinguished on the basis of predictions of subsurface temperatures with geothermometers. The first group consists of cold springs (Shiwaga, Mulagara and Isebe) which are characterised as immature waters. For these, the use of geothermometers for calculating subsurface temperature is unrealistic. The second group of thermal springs (Kilambo, Mampulo B, Kandete and Kasimulo) is characterised by peripheral partially equilibrated waters with lower predicted Na-K subsurface temperatures, but with higher temperatures (calculated with silica geothermometers) than the third group (Songwe hot springs: Ilatile 1, River spring, Ilatile 4 and Main spring B). The quartz, chalcedony and Na-K temperatures were calculated by the WATCH computer program and the Na-K-Ca temperature by the SOLVEQ computer program. Log (Q/K) diagrams show the range and cluster of equilibrium temperatures which, in most cases, are close to the chalcedony temperature. With the exception of two springs from the second group (Kandete and Kasimulo), the chalcedony temperature estimates lie within the subsurface temperature range estimated from the log (Q/K) diagrams. The silica-enthalpy model predicts maximum subsurface temperatures for the most prominent springs of the second group (Kandete and Kasimulo).
Keywords: openalex:import

The Role of Engineering Courses in Industrial Design Education: A Case Study at the University of Botswana - Moalosi, Richie; Molokwane, Shorn (DS 46: Proceedings of E&PDE 2008, the 10th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, Barcelona, Spain, 04.-05.09.2008, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Is Africa prepared to deal with impacts of climate change - Mobisa, E. (Wajibu, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Profile and Career Preferences of Pharmacy Students at the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa - Modipa, Sehlapelo I.; Dambisya, Yoswa M. (Education for health, 2008)
There is a maldistribution of pharmacists in the South African health system, with only 15.6% of pharmacists working in the public sector, while the public sector serves more than 80% of the population.University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Pharmacy Programme.To establish the profile and career preferences of University of Limpopo pharmacy students and investigate factors likely to influence their choices.Cross-sectional descriptive study of Bachelor of Pharmacy students, using a semi-structured questionnaire.The response rate was 93% (157/169), with 44% female and 69% between the ages of 21 to 25 years. Nearly 80% of respondents were of rural origin; 77% attended rural government schools, 18% urban government schools, and 4% attended private schools. Only 39% of students indicated pharmacy as their first choice and 47% as second choice. Forty-six percent of the responding students preferred to work in a government hospital, 36% in industry, and 7%, 6% and 3% in private hospitals, the retail sector and academia, respectively. About 40% indicated a preference to work in rural areas. Most of the students stated service to community and paying back their sponsor as their main reasons for government hospital preference. Money, in combination with other reasons (e.g., working conditions), influenced work sector preference for less than 15% of responding students - with non-monetary incentives apparently more influential in student public sector preferences.Most University of Limpopo pharmacy students intend to work in rural areas and the public sector, and are mainly motivated by the need to serve the community.
Keywords: openalex:import

The vocation of adult education in Botswana: experiences of graduates of the adult education masters degree program at the University of Botswana - Modise, Oitshepile MmaB (Mosenodi, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Funding mechanisms for technical and vocational education and training in Botswana - Modungwa, Abel (2008)
This paper reviews some of the policies and strategies adopted to facilitate sustainable funding of vocational training and their shortcomings. It also discusses new initiatives and structures that have been or are in the process of being put in place to make financing of vocational training especially at the work place more effective. the new policy on citizen Empowerment and the Small Business Policy (supported by the Small Business Act) has a strong training component which is monitored. The establishment of the Local Enterprise Authority as a result of the Small Business Act will provide a structure approach to supporting small enterprises particularly in areas of entrepreneurial skills. The Income Tax (Training) Regulations provide for 200 per cent tax deduction for training undertaken by companies. The new regulations have been streamlined and training now has to be certified by the Botswana Training Authority as meeting the minimum quality standard before tax claims can be lodged. The proposed Vocational Training Fund (Levy/Grant System) will provide funding for enterprises for training based on a levy/grant system. The potential for these initiatives in improving effective and sustainable funding for vocational training will be analyzed and conclusions will be derived.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Role of Higher Education for Human and Social Development in Sub-Saharan Africa - Mohamedbhai, Goolam (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Framework For E-Learning Strategy In The Egyptian Universities. - Mohammad, Ehab E. A. (E-learning, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Current trends and aspects of gender, climate change and biofuels developments in Africa - Mohlakoana, Nthabiseng (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Bilingual classrooms : a case study of educators' and learners perspectives at private and public schools in Limpopo Province, South Africa - Molepo, Lekgwaraneng Josephine (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Future Directions for Technology Education in Botswana: Challenges and Implications - Molwane, Olefile Bethuel; Ruele, Victor; Mwendapole, Chinandu (DS 46: Proceedings of E&PDE 2008, the 10th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, Barcelona, Spain, 04.-05.09.2008, 2008)
There is some ongoing debate about the extent to which more education, and with it the production of the workforce for ‘new’ economies, actually contributes to the economic development that it is intended for. It is, however, a significant part of the official policy rhetoric almost everywhere – education as part of national development strategy. Botswana as a developing country and a member of the global community, needs to examine how it will respond to the future challenges of sustainable economic development. As the country shifts rapidly from its rural and mining legacy towards a more educated and informed nation, attempts to integrate itself in the world-economy poses new challenges on the education system to provide highly skilled professionals for the future if the country is to compete both regionally and internationally. This paper seeks to generate discussions amongst the relevant stakeholders in terms of the future directions for national efforts towards devising a technology education curriculum that is relevant, contemporary and responsive to the socio-economic needs of the country. The paper will initially examine the current technology education trends in Botswana, based on international perspectives and some comparative analysis of these. Finally, the paper will put forward some principles for developing a more broad based technology education and gender inclusive curriculum model that could serve as the framework for creating career opportunities for the future generation. The paper will employ qualitative research paradigm and desk study approaches.
Keywords: openalex:import

Students’ perceptions of the prevalence, forms and causes of child abuse in edo state, Nigerian - Momoh, S.; Aigbomian, D. O.; Longe, B. O. (Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 2008)
Resumen en: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of incidence of child abuse among secon- dary school students in Edo State with focus on guid...
Keywords: openalex:import

Every child needs a teacher: The primary teacher supply and training crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa - Moon, Bob; O'Malley, B P (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Building an 'open education resource' (OER) Environment that works for teacher education in Sub-Saharan Africa: The TESSA experience - Moon, Robert (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Responding to crisis: The research role in meeting the challenge of teacher supply, retention and education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Moon, Robert (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Involvement, and Predictors of Condom Use Among African American College Students: Implications for Communication Strategies for HIV/AIDS Prevention - Moore, DaKysha (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Present tense in English: a study of Botswana secondary school students writing - Morapedi, S. (Botswana Notes and Records, 2008)
This paper examines errors emerging from the Present tense use in English by Batswana learners of English as a second language and the strategies they use in trying to cope with such errors. During my six years of teaching practice supervision in Botswana Secondary Schools, I observed that Batswana learners of English experience difficulties in using the present tense in English. It is sometimes difficult to make sense out of work (class exercise, homework) they have written because of the tense errors they make. This problem seems to emanate from lack of one to one correspondence between the present tense form and the present tense uses. The present tense uses the bare form for first and second person singular and plural, and third person plural, and the '-s' inflectional suffix for third person singular only, as in (1) (1) a. I/We walk fast, b You walk fast. c. She/he/it walks fast. Introduction The paper examines the errors from present tense use in English by Batswana learners of English and the strategies they use in trying to cope with the situation. This is done in order to help secondary school English teachers in teaching as well as in the preparation of the teaching materials. Tense refers to the time when the event happened or was the case. Lyons (1968:304) argues that Tense relates the time of the situation referred to, to some other time, usually to the moment of speaking or the time of another event. Comrie (1976:2) concurs with this idea and adds that, since tense locates the time of a situation relative to the situation of the utterance, we may describe tense as deictic. Deictic refers to the direct relation of an utterance to a time, place or person such as then, here and / (speaker) or you (person addressed) (Richards 1985:75). The present tense in English is a grammatical category that relates the time of an action or state to the moment of speaking (Richards et. al. 1985:228). [It is not a quotation]. Note that although tense clearly relates to the real world time, there is no one to one correspondence between tense form and time in the real world. For example, the present tense form may refer to the present, the past or the future (King 1983), as in (2), (2) a. He kicks the ball. (instantaneous present) b. He tells me you want to quit school. (historical present) c. He comes tomorrow. (future time) In the example in (2a), the present tense expresses the event of kicking happening at the time of speaking. In (2b), the event of telling was done in the past. In example (2c), the event of coming will occur in future (the following day). Background of Batswana Learners The majority of Batswana children go to Tswana medium schools, while only a few go to English medium schools. Tswana medium schools are government sponsored (state) schools. A few such schools are in urban areas, while the majority of them are in rural communities, where there are hardly any pre-schools § Setumile Morapedi, Department of English, University of Botswana.
Keywords: openalex:import

Bullying behaviour among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania - Moris, Dorothea (Papers in Education and Development, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Democratising Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: Opportunity Structures and Social Processes - Morley, Louise; Leach, Fiona; Lugg, Rosemary (Journal of the world universities forum, 2008)
Widening participation in higher education can be a force for democratisation and differentiation. In the developing world, there has been scant research and theorisation of how different structures of inequality intersect or how higher education relates to policy discourses of poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. Socio-cultural theory has not been widely applied to research on higher education in low-income countries, nor has there been consideration of the part that private higher education plays in widening participation. In short, there has been limited scholarship on the sociology of higher education in low-income countries. This paper is based on our ESRC/DFID funded research project on Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: Developing an Equity Scorecard (www.sussex.ac.uk/education/wideningparticipation). Findings to date suggest that opportunity structures reflect social inequalities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender equity in African higher education - Morley, Louise; Lugg, Rosemary (2008)
This article explores women's participation in higher education, utilizing statistical data for Equity Scorecards, and life history interviews with students in two public and two private universities. It focuses on how gender and socioeconomic status intersect and constrain or facilitate participation in higher education. Findings to date suggest that opportunity structures reflect social inequalities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to Teach in South Africa - Morrow, Wally (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to Teach in South Africa - Morrow, Wally (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to Teach in South Africa - Morrow, Wally (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to Teach in South Africa - Morrow, Wally (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to Teach in South Africa - Morrow, Wally (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Social Cost of the Integration of Information and Communication Technologies, Information, Education, and Communication on the Young of the Republic of Mauritius - Motah, Mahendrenath (Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 2008)
The applications of the Information, Education and Communication approaches to all sectors have brought unexpected changes in the attitudes and behaviours of people of all ages.The overwhelming amount of theoretical and empirical work done regarding the impact of ICT on educational processes has highlighted the benefits of ICT to students, teachers, and parents.Mauritius is faced with a double dilemma: the positive value of information technologies, on the one hand, and the potentialities and possibilities of the negative impact on the life of people on the other.This paper aims to gauge the impact of the ICT, IEC and IT on the Mauritian population confronted with the issues related to the access to information through the technological advances the world has been exposed to.It is also to draw the attention of policy-makers of the need to consider the "digital opportunity" and its influence on the Mauritian population.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Use of ICT To Support Basic Education in Disadvantaged Schools and Communities in Low Income Countries. Workshop Report 1 - On the Immersion in the Schools of Rwanda, May 15th to 23rd, 2006. - Motimele, Moletjie; Ndabaga, Eugene; Rubagiza, Jolly; Sutherland, Rosamund; Uworwabayeho, Alphonse; Were, Edmond; Nyamurasha, M.; Hinostroza, J. Enrique (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

From Subjects to Citizens: Citizenship Education in Palestine - Moughrabi, Fouad (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of reserve storage of the two mussel species Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis living on Moroccan coasts: annual variation and effect of pollution - Moukrim, Abdellatif; Halla, Mohamed Id; Kaaya, Abderazak; Bouhaimi, Abdellah; Benomar, Soumaya; Mathieu, Michel (Iberus : revista de la Sociedad Española de Malacología., 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The influence of drama on health education to improve the perception of AIDS in in rural Tanzania - Mous, Maarten; Merolla, Danielle; Huijgen-Koolen, M.J.E. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Educators' preferred forms of schooling for learners with special needs in Namibia - Möwes, Andrew D. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Open and distance learning in Namibia: Country report submitted to the Advocacy Workshop on Distance Education and Open Learning, held in Mauritius from 10-11 April 2008. - Möwes, Delvaline (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

RIU Malawi. Farmer empowerment - 1st learning group. - Moyo, Nobel (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Aggressive behaviour in education institutions: theoretical perspectives and implications for school and university managers in Uganda. - Mpaata, Kaziba Abdul (2008)
In this article, an analysis on the contribution of tested theory to the understanding of aggressive behavior among students in Secondary and higher Education Institutions is made. It is emphasized that if antisocial behavior such as fire setting and other forms of violence is to be discouraged, parents, teachers and policy managers have significant role to play. An assessment is made and the article is concluded by pointing out the practical implications of the different theories to educators Uganda and beyond.
Keywords: openalex:import

The crime of arson in Organisations and its strategic implications for education managers in Uganda - Mpaata, Kaziba Abdul (2008)
The prevalence of arson in different settings both in developed and developing countries is explored in this article.  While this crime has different dimensions in terms of motive and consequences as it is discussed, there is an extremely urgent need for Education Managers in Uganda to have practical strategies that can mitigate this vice.  It is therefore concluded by suggesting some of them so as to save life and property in schools.
Keywords: openalex:import

Magnitude and pattern of significant refractive errors among primary school children in Ntcheu and Lilongwe Districts in Malawi - Msiska, Vincent T (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Magnitude and pattern of signifi cant refractive errors in primary school children of Lilongwe, an urban district in Malawi AUTHOURS - Msiska; Njuguna, M; Kariuki, M (2008)
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of signifi cant refractive errors in urban primary school children aged 12 – 15 years in Lilongwe. Design: Cross sectional community based study Setting: Six non boarding primary schools in three education zones in the urban Lilongwe district. Subjects: All primary school pupils (1448) aged 12 to 15 years who were present during the study. Results: The prevalence of signifi cant refractive errors was 2.3%. Myopia accounted for 1.7%, hypermetropia 0.4% and astigmatism 0.3%. Only 9% of these had full spectacle correction. Conclusion: There is low prevalence of signifi cant refractive errors among primary school children in Lilongwe. Recommendations: There is no justifi cation for routine school screening in Lilongwe since the prevalence of signifi cant refractive errors is low.
Keywords: openalex:import

Re-innovation of learner-centred approaches: implementing a learning study in Tanzania schools - Msonde, CE; Pang, MF (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Science and mathematics teachers' reflections on their pre-service teacher preparation curricula in relation to in-service educational needs in Zimbabwe - Mtetwa, David; Kwari, Rudo (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching practice as a component of teacher education in Malawi : an activity theory perspective - Mtika, Peter (2008)
This qualitative research is an exploration of the experiences of student teachers during teaching practice as a component of initial teacher education in Malawi. The research was necessitated by a general lack of knowledge about secondary school teacher education in Malawi and the view that teaching practice is one of the major components of concern for professional learning among student teachers. An activity theory perspective provided a theoretical and conceptual lens of understanding teaching practice. The elements within activity theory which were of particular significance related to tools/artefacts, subjects, objects and outcomes in teaching practice; rules/norms within an activity system of teaching practice; perceptions of individuals about teacher education and a teaching activity; pedagogical actions and understanding during teaching practice; the community relationships in school systems where student teachers carried out teaching practice; division of tasks; activity settings; tensions/contradictions, as well as innovations within the activity of teaching practice (Engestrom, 1999). The participants in the study were drawn mainly from student teachers on a three-year teacher education programme at one of the teacher education institutions in Malawi. The results from the study showed that the student teachers had different perceptions for teaching as well as differing goals for joining a secondary school teacher education programme; that student teachers had varied experiences during teaching practice and the varied experiences influenced learning to teach in various ways. The shortage of material resources impeded some activities that student teachers could carry out. The findings showed that some pedagogical tools that student teachers had learned in college were not always easily used in the schools. The community relationships between student teachers and teachers in the schools affected professional development in some way. The supervision component of teaching practice also generated mixed experiences from student teachers. The study participants proposed innovations aimed at resolving some of the tensions and contradictions faced during teaching practice. The innovations related to facilitative supervision, holistic assessment, changing the time and duration of teaching practice as well as student teachers' placements. The enriched understanding of the experiences of the student teachers makes significant contribution to knowledge within teacher education in Malawi.
Keywords: openalex:import

Multicultural education in Zimbabwean primary schools: an agenda of issues - Muchenje, Francis (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Classroom climate and students’ goal structures in high-school biology classrooms in Kenya - Mucherah, Winnie (Learning Environments Research, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Institutional Factors Influencing Teachers Job Satisfaction Among Primary Schools In Siakago Division, Mbeere North District, Kenya - Muchungu, Jervasion M. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The effects of campus environment on student development at Masvingo State University in Zimbabwe. - Mudavanhu, Sarafina. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of students' unrest on curriculum implementation in public Secondary Schools in Kasikeu division, Nzaui district Eastern province, Kenya - Mueni, Lenah K (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUSLY AFFILIATED UNIVERSITIES IN THE PROVISION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UGANDA: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY (UCU) - Mugabi, Henry (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training needs assessment report for the Western Kenya Intergrated Ecosystem Management Project, KARI, Nairobi, Kenya - Mugo, F.W (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training plan (2008-2010) for the Western Kenya Intergrated Ecosystem Management Project, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya - Mugo, F.W (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Revitalizing Agricultural Cooperatives through Enhancing Member Participation A Case Study of Kilifi District, Kenya A Research project Submitted to Larenstein University of Applied sciences In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Development, Specialization in Training, Extension and Rural Transformation - Mukare, Mary Chari (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Use of augmentative and alternative communication systems for learners with intellectual impairments in Botswana Primary schools - Mukhopadhyay, Sourav; Nwaogu, Paul (Mosenodi, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Achievement Motivation in African American College Students - Muldrow, April Michelle (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Home factors type of school and academic performance of secondary school girls in Kenya - Muleyi, G.; Ongeti, K.; Korir, Daniel K. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers for Rural Schools : Experiences in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda - Mulkeen, Aidan; Chen, Dandan (World Bank Publications, 2008)
Achieving universal primary education and Education for All (EFA) is one of the development priorities within the context of the millennium development goals. In many Sub-Saharan African countries, one of the key challenges is to provide good-quality basic education to the 10-20 percent of primary school-age children who are still out of school. Among these out-of-school children, the most difficult to reach are living in rural and remote areas. In recent years, large investments have greatly improved school infrastructure and access, but finding effective ways of supplying to schools in rural and remote areas remains a key policy concern. To examine the issues related to providing for rural schools, five countries-Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda-prepared national case studies and, along with representatives from Zambia, came together for a workshop on policy, planning, and management of rural primary school teachers in Lesotho in May 2005. Building on the national reports, this workshop considered the challenges of teacher provision in rural areas and examined the viable policy options.
Keywords: openalex:import

'African Voices' : The Second Conference of the South African Society for Research in Music. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University 21-23 August 2008 A student perspective : report - Mullins, Angie (2008)
The SASRIM annual conference in August 2008 brought music academics from all over South Africa and further afield together for three days of intensive presentations. A wide variety of papers was presented, each contributing to the conference topic 'African Voices' in a unique way. Topics ranged from reports on archival work to papers on analysis, music education, music industry, film music, music therapy, music's role in HIV / Aids awareness, and South African identity issues.
Keywords: openalex:import

An analysis of students' responses to ABC & VCT messages at three universities in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. - Mulwo, Abraham Kiprop (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Sustainable articulation pathways and linkages between upper secondary and higher education in Africa - Munavu, RM; Ogutu, DM; Wasanga, PM (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Political Incumbency and Drought Relief in Africa - Munemo, Ngonidzashe (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
For many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), droughts are frequent and often severe. The variability of rainfall in the arid and semi-arid regions of the continent, together with the poor capacity of most soils in Africa to retain moisture, has left many parts of the continent food-insecure. Furthermore, in almost all countries prone to recurrent rainfall shortages, the common rural household coping strategies of selling productive assets to smooth consumption and income in the short term not only impedes recovery but has also been shown to increase inequality.
Keywords: openalex:import

Algal turf dominates Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve in Kenya, an implication of nutrient pollution - Munga, Cosmas N.; Vanreusel, Ann; Obura, David; Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid; Mohamed, Mohamed; Amiyo, Nassir (VLIZ Special Publication, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

A comparative study of the self-concept of blind children in integrated and special schools in Kenya - Muola, JM; Sindabi, A.M.; Kathuri, Nephat J. (Egerton Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The efficacy of education decentralisation policy in Zimbabwe: a case of Kadoma district - Mupindu, W. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher made test scores as indicators of national public examination scores in Kenya schools: a case study of national public secondary schools. - Murani, Newton K (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Kenya certificate of primary education results in Nairobi. A case study of low income catchment area of public primary schools in rural Dagoretti constituency. - Murengi, Ronald M (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of burnout syndrome and its health effects among academic staff at the Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi Campus - Muriungi, Susan Kagwiria (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

She's Got the Beat: Quality Control Training in Swaziland - Murphy, Anna M. (Critical Values, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Traditional and scientific conceptions of snakes in Kenya: Alternative perspectives for teaching - Murungi, Catherine Gakii (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

ROLE ASSESSMENT OF INTEREST GROUP IN THE FORMULATION OF EDUCATION POLICY AND PRACTICE IN NIGERIA: The PTA and NUT Account towards Education Productivity and Quality Teaching - Musa, Anamarija (2008)
This paper assesses the role of interest group in the formulation of education policy and practice in Nigeria. Having in mind that the government reserves the rights and privilege of making this decision to itself the influence and proposition of interest groups had been a force to be reckon with in the field of educational practice in Nigeria. In most cases, the activities of the group checks, moderates and a times nullified intentions and actions of the government. Particularly, with reference to the Nigeria Union of Teachers [NUT] and Parent- Teachers Association [PTA] activities who are prominent players in the first two levels of our education system. Attempt is made in this paper to review the activities of these groups and how they fa re respectively as moderators of policies in the sector. It is recommended that interest group should continue to keep up their inevitable roles and have their ears-on-ground so that they can immediately respond to any issue, policy and reform of government that may be detrimental or incongruent to the group interest and for the general purpose.
Keywords: openalex:import

Value-based education: nurturing a moral religious environment in Kenya - Musamas, J.; Mwaka, M.; Nabwire, V. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Bursary allocation and school retention among boys and girls in secondary schools in Kenya - Musera, Geofrey; Ndege, T.M. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Understanding the role of ethnic student organizations in facilitating cultural adjustment and membership among African American and Asian American college students - Museus, Samuel D. (Journal of College Student Development, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and research in African Ichthyology at the Royal Museum for Central Africa - Musschoot, T.; Boden, G.; Snoeks, Jos (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Exploring the Potential of Tort-Based Climate Change Litigation in Uganda - Mustapher, Ntale (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
There have not been cases involving climate change litigation in Uganda. However, an examination of the tort law causes of action in Uganda points to the fact that there is a great potential for tort-based climate change litigation. This paper provides useful information to stakeholders on how they can use the law of tort to institute climate change actions. The paper examines the tort law causes of action and their relevance to climate change litigation and the possible constraints. The paper also discusses the remedies available to a climate change litigant as well as the defences available to the defendant. It also identifies the possible challenges in tort-based climate change litigation and makes recommendations for its successful application.
Keywords: openalex:import

Field evaluation of cassava varieties under drought stress in Kenya, Tanzania and Ghana - Mutegi, R; Ferguson, ME; Maass, Brigitte L.; Tiessen, H.; Mkamilo, Geoffrey; Kamau, Joseph; Adjebeng‐Danquah, Joseph; Alves, A.A.C.; Setter, T.L.; Fregene, Martin A. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The interpretational space in the curriculum: intentions and interpretations of mathematical reasoning in the new curriculum for secondary schools in Mozambique - Mutemba, Balbina; Jablonka, Eva (2008)
The interpretational space in the curriculum: intentions and interpretations of mathematical reasoning in the new curriculum for secondary schools in Mozambique
Keywords: openalex:import

Continuities Across Schooling Transition: A Case of Classroom Practices Among Teachers in Venda, South Africa - Muthivhi, Edward; Broom, Yvonne (2008)
The paper examines the institutional practices of classroom teaching and learning in the context of rapid socio-political changes. These changes place new demands on the teachers’ and pupils’ classroom practices. The paper begins by examining the classroom practices of a Grade Six lesson, which although offered during the post-1994 era, is overtly located in the past, apartheid schooling and makes no attempt at incorporating the new ideas about teaching and learning in the new curriculum framework. The paper also examines the modes of classroom practice in Grade One and considers how these reveal the post-1994 instances of the evolving practices of schooling and classroom instruction. However, simultaneous with the evolving practices of schooling and classroom teaching and learning are the past forms of schooling and classroom teaching and learning that continue to be instantiated within the presently evolving practices of schooling. Therefore, while the modes of teaching and learning employed by these teachers, inspired by the new curriculum framework, seem to meet the objectives of OBE, in reality these modes fail to effect deep learning on the part of learners. As a result, the modes of classroom teaching and learning that continue to dominate present schooling in Venda, South Africa, is concrete; emphasising, not deep learning that formal schooling should be inculcating, but the everyday, spontaneous, knowledge and mode of learning. The paper concludes by suggesting a model of classroom practice that is oriented towards inculcating deep learning that transforms pupils’ everyday, familiar knowledge and modes of learning into new understanding and new modes of learning. This proposition is illustrated by the discussion of the teaching and learning of concepts in the Grade One lesson.
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors affecting quality of education in public day secondary schools In Thika-Ruiru Division, Thika District, Kenya. - Muthoni, Peninnah W (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS, Education, and Childhood in the African Context - Muthukrishna, Nithi; Ramsuran, Anitha (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Exercise Training Reduces Central Adiposity and Improves Metabolic Indices in HAART-Treated HIV-Positive Subjects in Rwanda: A Randomized Controlled Trial - Mutimura, Eugene; Crowther, Nigel J.; Cade, Todd W.; Yarasheski, Kevin E.; Stewart, Aimée (AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008)
As HAART becomes more accessible in sub-Saharan Africa, metabolic syndromes, body fat redistribution (BFR), and cardiovascular disease may become more prevalent. We conducted a 6-month, randomized controlled trial to test whether cardiorespiratory exercise training (CET), improves metabolic, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in HAART-treated HIV(+) African subjects with BFR. Six months of CET reduced waist circumference (-7.13 +/- 4.4 cm, p < 0.0001), WHR (-0.10 +/- 0.1, p < 0.0001), sum skinfold thickness (-6.15 +/- 8.2 mm, p < 0.0001) and % body fat mass (-1.5 +/- 3.3, p < 0.0001) in HIV(+)BFR(+)EXS. Hip circumference was unchanged in non-exercise control groups. CET reduced fasting total cholesterol (-0.03 +/- 1.11 mM, p < 0.05), triglycerides (-0.22 +/-0.48 mM, p < 0.05) and glucose levels (-0.21 +/- 0.71 mM, p < 0.05) (p < 0.0001). HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and HOMA values were unchanged after CET. Interestingly, HIV(+) subjects randomized to non-exercising groups experienced increases in fasting plasma glucose levels, whereas HIV seronegative controls did not (p < 0.001). Predicted VO(2) peak increased more in the HIV(+)BFR(+)EXS than in all other groups (4.7 +/- 3.9 ml/kg/min, p < 0.0001). Exercise training positively modulated body composition and metabolic profiles, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness in HAART-treated HIV(+) Africans. These beneficial adaptations imply that exercise training is a safe, inexpensive, practical, and effective treatment for evolving metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in resource-limited sub-Saharan countries, where treatment is improving, morbidity and mortality rates are declining, but where minimal resources are available to manage HIVand HAART-associated cardiovascular and metabolic syndromes.
Keywords: openalex:import

An analysis of the extent to which ICT is integrated in teaching and learning in selected teacher training colleges in Kenya - Mwago, Margaret M (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The influence of headteachers' leadership styles on KCSE performance in public secondary schools in Taita District, Kenya - Mwalala, Dafton B (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Modelling teachers' duration in service in public schools and institutions in kenya - Mwambi, Jerita Jemimah (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

African solutions to African problems : learning from ECOMOG s experiences in Liberia and Sierra Leone - Mwandumba, Judith Victoria (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The relationship between theological training and practical ministry : a study of Pan Africa Christian College Alumni 1983-2004 - Mwangi, James Kamau (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The influence of the sponsor on administration of public secondary schools in Mwingi district, Kenya - Mwanzia, George M (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Non-traditional Age Black African International Students’ Experiences: Phenomenological Heuristic Inquiry - Mwaura, John N. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education gender inequalities and long-term economic growth: an application to Kenya - Mwega, FM (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education Inequalities And Long-term Economic Growth: Is Kenya Different?. - Mwega, FM (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

THE USE OF PHYTOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ABATEMENT SOIL AND GROUNDWATER POLLUTION IN TANZANIA: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES - Mwegoha, W. J. S. (2008)
Contamination of soil and groundwater from anthropogenic sources is a major concern in many developing countries including Tanzania. Improper handling of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in many urban centers in Tanzania has often resulted into gas emissions and generation of leachate, which pose threat to the environment. Additionally, the use of pesticides for agricultural purposes is on the increase because of the need to improve crop production and control of pests, weed infestation and insect outbreaks. As a consequence, pesticide use has caused adverse contamination in soils and waters. The potentially negative impacts of these pesticide stocks on humans and the environment are of major concern. To make the situation more challenging, the country has experienced a substantially fast growth of the mining sector in many parts of the country over the past ten years, which has resulted in reported soil and water pollution from acid mine drainage with elevated concentrations of heavy metals. It is estimated that more than 30% of the Tanzanians depend on groundwater as their source of water. Most of the conventional methods for environmental remediation of these sites are expensive and often poorly implemented or not implemented at all. Thus there is a clear need to develop new cost effective and environmentally friendly clean-up methods to remediate the contaminated areas in Tanzania. Phytoremediation is a relatively new and promising technology that uses plants to degrade, stabilize, metabolize or sequester potentially toxic compounds from the environment. This paper is aimed at assessing the potential of phytoremediation as a low cost alternative, but which has yet to be studied and used in Tanzania.
Keywords: openalex:import

Socio-economic factors influencing muslim university student participation in sports in Kenya - Mwihaki, G. M.; Simiyu, Njororai W. W.; Wanderi, P. M. (2008)
A paper presented at the 5th all African university games Kampala 2008 pre-games conference 3rd-5th July 2008
Keywords: openalex:import

Insights into the training of athletics coaches in Kenya - Mwisukha, A.; Njororai, W. W. S. (2008)
A paper presented at the 1st continental ICCE conference for Africa, 23rd - 25th October 2008, Tshwane University of Technology
Keywords: openalex:import

The influence of teachers' HIV/AIDS knowledge on Students' behaviour in the public secondary schools of Kangundo Division, Kangundo District, Kenya - Mwololo, Luke N (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The development of early childhood education within an inclusive educational framework in Namibia - Naanda, Aune Nangula; Engelbrecht, Petra (2008)
Using quantitative methods in research, this article describes the provision of early childhood education in Namibia within the context of inclusive education for all and lifelong learning. Research has shown that participation in early childhood education signifi cantly contributes to a child’s success in later learning. However, the results of the research outlined in this article reveal that although eff orts are in place to address early childhood education in Namibia, many children do not benefi t from early childhood education, let alone quality services due to a number of factors such as poverty, HIV and AIDS and other special needs. This article formulates recommendations for developing an inclusive early childhood education approach for Namibia. Introduction Equity and equality in an inclusive educational approach to education do not simply mean access to education for all children or having children being taught in the same classroom settings without considering their individual and diverse needs. The same applies to inclusive education. Inclusive education does not only refer to the narrow concept of integrating children with disabilities or those with other special needs into regular schools and classrooms or providing access to education to the excluded groups (Engelbrecht, 2004 ; Guijarro, 2000; Savolainen & Alasuutari, 2000; Swart, Engelbrecht, Eloff , Pettipher & Oswald, 2004). It also calls for the participation of all in society to contribute to the eff ective learning of all children in a given education setting as well as for equal opportunities to be provided at the appropriate level of development to children with disabilities, children with intellectual challenges, gifted children, children from poor households, children aff ected and infected by HIV and AIDS, street and working children, children from migrant and minority groups and child war victims (Engelbrecht, 1999; Muthukrishna, 2000; Muthukrishna, 2002; UNESCO, 2000). The notion of making education as inclusive as possible has been internationally recognized and has prominently featured in many meetings, conventions and declarations such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989, the World Conference on Education of 1990 and the Salamanca Statement of Framework for Action which was adopted at the World Conference on Special Needs Education in 1994 and the World Conference on Education held in 2000 in Dakar. In line with these international policies, national educational policies and strategies have also been put in place to specifi cally address the issue of young children and their access to education. Education in Namibia, including early childhood development and education (ECD), is characterized by gross inequalities in the allocation of both human and fi nancial resources to schools for the previously disadvantaged groups due to the Apartheid system before Namibia gained her independence in 1990. The Constitution of the Republic of Namibia, in particular Articles 15 and 20, make
Keywords: openalex:import

Setting the Stage for QA/QC Training in Zambia - Naegali, April N. (Critical Values, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Globalism from an African Perspective: The Training of Lawyers for a New and Challenging Reality - Nagan, Winston P.; Santos, Márcio Roberto Viana dos (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education management and leadership : a South African perspective - Naidu, Anusha (2008)
Education leadership and management have changed dramatically since 1994 with the changes in legislation governing schools. The new policies involve the learners, educators and parents to a larger extent in terms of managing schools. This text looks at these changes and the practical implications of the policies. It explores management skills such as communication, understanding systems, planning, and accountability. It gives detailed explanations of the new management systems by looking at different aspects of each piece of legislation as well as the way in which it relates to the numerous role-players involved in managing a school. This book has the advantage of taking into account all aspects of managing the whole school environment in a very practical manner.
Keywords: openalex:import

Transition to university in Malawi: are students adequately prepared for science and technology programme? - Nampota, Dorothy (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of transfers on professional commitment of secondary school teachers in Uganda - Namuyomba, I.H. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Relationship between Self - Esteem and Perceived Academic Competence A Survey of Deaf Learners in Special Schools in Uganda - Nantongo, Proscovia Suubi (2008)
The research problem focused on Deaf learners’ self esteem and perceived academic competences, the relationship between self esteem and perceived academic competence of Deaf learners in special schools triggered by the fact that Deaf learners in special schools in Uganda have had relatively low academic competences. The Cultural Nature of Human Development theory formed the basis of the present study was among the minority community (Deaf people) and therefore, issues of culture, practices and routines may have been a basis for the learners’ self esteem and perceived academic competences. A quantitative study survey 162 Deaf learners, 82 girls and 80 boys from primary six and primary seven out of 175 expected, in four Schools for the Deaf using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 14.0 for windows to test the internal consistency of the two standardized tools (Rosenberg 1965 Global self esteem, Gresham & Elliott 1990 academic competence), t-test and F-test (ONEWAY ANOVA) and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to investigate the research question given in chapter one. The findings revealed that Deaf learners’ self esteem was relatively high with statistically insignificant differences across various demographic characteristics of Deaf learners. Perceived academic competence of Deaf learners remained largely average with a significant number with relatively high perceived academic competence compared to the least number of Deaf learners with low perceived academic competence. Perceived academic competence varied significantly across some of the demographic variables. The relationship between self esteem and perceived academic competence of Deaf learners was statistically significant with a relatively strong correlation. Across the demographic characteristics, the relationship remained relatively moderate.
Keywords: openalex:import

On the use of comparable corpora of African varieties of Portuguese for linguistic description and teaching/learning applications - Nascimento, María Fernanda Bacelar do; Estrela, Antónia; Mendes, Amália; Pereira, Luísa (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR GUIDING FRESHMAN STUDENTS IN SELECTING A MAJOR IN AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY, GAZA - Naser, Samy Abu; Baraka, S. M.; Mohammed, H.; Baraka, AbdulRahman (2008)
In this paper we will present the design and development of a proposed expert system that aims to improve the method of selecting the best suitable faculty/major for student planning to be enrolled in Al-Azhar University. The basic idea of our approach is designing a model for testing and measuring the student capabilities like intelligence, understanding, comprehension, mathematical concepts and others, and applying the module results to a rule-based expert system to determine the compatibility of those capabilities with the available faculties/majors in Al-Azhar University. The result is shown as a list of suggested faculties/majors that are most suitable with the student capabilities and abilities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Socio-constructive language practice : training in the South African context - Naudé, Jacobus A. (Journal for new generation sciences, 2008)
Translation Studies has grown in volume over recent years, not only in Europe and America, but also worldwide. Many generic and discipline-specific training packages are now offered at a wide variety of institutions. In a domain characterised by methodological heterogeneity and beset by problems of achieving consensus on what constitutes its object of study, the question arises whether there is a common core that could inform the design of a training course in our context, i.e. the Free State, South Africa and Africa? What are the characteristics of training in the broad field of Translation Studies and what kinds of area-specific training are appropriate for our circumstances?
Keywords: openalex:import

The use of educational video (EV) to facilitate learning of mathematics education in grade ten : a case study of two secondary schools in Durban KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. - Ncheke, Malerato Sebolelo. (2008)
The integration of technology into teaching and learning has come as new in education. It is a shifting of paradigm from one way of educational thinking to the other. Before entering their classrooms for the first time students already have been using technology devices and educators’ cannot ignore this facts. The South African Ministry of Education has responded to this issue by designing implementation strategies and has mandated all schools in the country to have integrated Technology in the curriculum by 2013. The study anticipated to understand how Educational Video (EV) is used to facilitate learning of mathematics in two Secondary schools in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province. The underlying principle was to ascertain the challenges educators encounter in facilitating teaching and learning of mathematics, using EV in two secondary schools in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province. A qualitative research approach and case methodology were used to explore these experiences of educators in mathematics instruction. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and documents review methods were used to collect data that were analysed and discussed, using the principles of Engagement and Activity theories. Four purposively selected educators and ten grade ten students were interviewed and their mathematics lessons observed. The findings indicated that the integration of video in teaching and learning appears to assist both learners and educators in two schools, and the educators from the two Secondary Schools in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province. have shown to be comfortable with its use in facilitating mathematics instruction for it enables authentic and higher order thinking in learners by engaging them in complex tasks within collaborative learning contexts. Issues of professional empowerment financial support, and lack of materials, delay the integration of EV in two schools. This would be solved easier if all stakeholders in the education sector were effective in their individual roles for the betterment of education in the whole country
Keywords: openalex:import

Development of education plans: the case of Malawi from 1964 to 2001 - Ndala, Ken Kaziputa (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

An investigation into the constraints on effective social studies instruction in teacher education in Kenya: a case of Asumbi Teacher College - Ndalo, Agumba Musa (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Adult and life long learning practice in Kenya - Nderitu, Ann (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

African Cultural Education and the African Youth in Western Australia: Experimenting with the Ujamaa Circle [Book Review] - Ndhlovu, Finex (The Australasian review of African studies, 2008)
Review(s) of: African Cultural Education and the African Youth in Western Australia: Experimenting with the Ujamaa Circle, by Peter Mbago Wakholi, Published by VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, (2008) pp. 127ISBN978-3-639-02631-3. Includes bibliography.
Keywords: openalex:import

Epistemology of common mathematical knowledge: a study of Zambian children's Out -of- School and In -School mathematics practices - Ndhlovu, Zanzini (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

CHALLENGES OF ADAPTIVE ELEARNING AT HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY IN TANZANIA - Ndume, Vitalis (2008)
This paper reports on the research conducted with the purpose of establishing the acceptance of eLearning, analyses the challenges of eLearning and designs an assistive tool for people with disability at higher learning institutions in Tanzania. The information was gathered through documentary review. Primary data was collected from a sample survey by means of structured questionnaires and interviews. Study population was carried out at higher learning institutions conducting eLeaning. The research identified several factors that challenge the implementation of adaptive eLearning at higher learning institutions. These include management support, methodology, technology, resource accessibility and availability, culture of education and learning styles, design of assistive tools, intellectual investment, and global business. It was concluded that eLearning is more highly accepted in higher learning institutions than in basic education. However, there are doubts about the certificates obtained from online courses. The factors that challenge implementation of eLearning are very interrelated in bringing the success or failure of eLearning projects. However, accessibility of resources of eLearning was found to affect disabled people more than normal person.
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors affecting participation rates of students in public Secondary schools in kamwangi division of gatundu district Kenya - Ndung'u, George Murai (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Higher Education in Africa: Some preliminary reflections - Negash, Tekeste (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Profile of Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases in Two Teaching Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Negussie, Dereje; Belachew, Tefera (Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Differentiation and Articulation in Tertiary Education Systems : A Study of Twelve African Countries - Ng’ethe, Njuguna; Subotzky, George; Afeti, George (World Bank Publications, 2008)
This study strives to sketch an initial map of the extent and nature of institutional and program differentiation within African systems of tertiary education. In doing so, it also seeks to chart the patterns of articulation that have emerged or been consciously put in place between the different institutional types (such as public universities, private universities, polytechnics, training colleges). The analysis of tertiary education differentiation and articulation is based on field visits to a dozen selected African countries. Its purpose is to improve general understanding of this under-researched but strategically important technical aspect of African higher education at a time when it is becoming an important aspect of education policy. African countries display far more differentiation than articulation within their tertiary education systems. Their systems are quite diverse and can be classified as unitary, binary, trinary, semi-differentiated or fully differentiated, depending upon the number of different institutional types that comprise the tertiary system. In general, the polytechnic subsystems appear relatively undifferentiated in comparison to the university sub-systems.
Keywords: openalex:import

Community Involvement in Education for Performance Improvement in Primary Schools in Aroi Sub County, Arua District, Uganda: Achievements, Challenges, and the Way forward - Ngaka, Willy (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The effect of problem-based learning on medical libraries in South Africa. - Ngcobo, Eunice Nonhlanhla. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Towards leadership for school cultures associated with good academic performance in South African township secondary schools: the ‘power’ of organic emergence, diversity and service - Ngcobo, Thandi (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Teaching of French in Kenyan Universities: The Relevance of French - Nginye, Michael Gichangi (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect on Climate Change on Maize Production in Zambia - Ngoma, Justine (2008)
Maize is one of the crops that is grown by most farmers in Zambia being the staple food for the majority of Zambians. However, despite the crop being so important, its production is dependent on cl ...
Keywords: openalex:import

How can African agriculture adapt to climate change: Micro-level analysis of farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Southern Africa: - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (Research briefs, 2008)
Agricultural production remains the main source of livelihood for rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa, providing employment to more than 60 percent of the population and contributing about 30 percent of gross domestic product. With likely long-term changes in rainfall patterns and shifting temperature zones, climate change is expected to significantly affect agricultural production, which could be detrimental to the region’s food security and economic growth. An assessment of the factors influencing farm-level adaptation can facilitate the formation of policies and investment strategies that help moderate potential adverse consequences of long-term climate change. Because smallholder farmers tend to have a low capacity to adapt to changes in climatic conditions, policies that help these farmers adapt to global warming and associated climatic extremes are particularly important.This brief is based on a study that assesses smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change in southern Africa. The study identifies farmers’ perceptions of climate change and the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies, and recommends policies that could help stabilize national and regional food production given the anticipated adverse effects of climate change.
Keywords: openalex:import

[Skin disease in Koranic schools in Dakar (Senegal)]. - Niang, S.; Kane, A.; Diallo, Moussa; Kane, Sira; Dieng, Mame Thierno; Ndiaye, B (PubMed, 2008)
The koranic schools are in poor socio-economical conditions in Dakar and skin diseases are common in these conditions. The goal of our descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of skin diseases occurring in these situations. One hundred five boys from four koranic schools of Dakar were examined. Eighty percent of the examined boys were with unless one skin disease. Tinea capitis (42.66%), scabiosis (13.33%), pyoderma (15.33%), plantar keratodermia (100%) were the skin diseases. In 34.52% these skin disease were associated and antecedents of skin infections diseases were reported in 89.5% of boys. Atopic dermatitis was in 2.38% cases, keloid in 1.19%. The other frequent diseases were abdominal parasitosis (71.42%), umbilical hernia (6.66%). All skin diseases were improved only in 50% of cases after two months of treatment. Tinea capitis was cured in 4 months after treatment. The high prevalence and the chronicity of the skin disease were due to poor socio-economical conditions.
Keywords: openalex:import

Islamic Schools in South Africa - Niehaus, Inga (ISIM Review, 2008)
Over the last twenty years independent Islamic schools have emerged in many countries where Muslims are a minority, among them South Africa. Although these schools differ in religious and pedagogical orientation, they all aim to offer an excellent education and a space where the Islamic identity of Muslim children can develop. While the curricula of some of these schools hardly differ from those of public schools, other schools are Islamizing their teaching materials and methods.
Keywords: openalex:import

School Choice between Public and Private Primary Schools under the Free Primary Education Policy in Rural Kenya - Nishimura, Mikiko; Yamano, Takashi (2008)
The elimination of school fees from public primary education under the Free Primary Education (FPE) Policy in Kenya in 2003 has increased enrollment by 22 percent in the first year alone. Some experts, however, suggest that the FPE has reduced the quality of education in public schools and increased the number of students who transfer from public to private schools. To obtain a better understanding of the school choice in Kenya, we estimate the school choice between public and private primary schools and track primary school children over a period of three years to identify the factors associated with school transfers. We find that the proportion of children attending private schools indeed increased from 4.8 to 12.2 percent, especially among children in relatively wealthy households, from 2004 to 2007. We also find that the school quality, measured by the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education exam score at the school level, has a positive impact on the choice of private schools. Regarding school transfers, we not only find transfers from public to private schools but also between public schools. The children in relatively wealthy households have a higher probability of transferring to private schools than children in poorer households. Maintaining the quality of education among public primary schools under the FPE Policy is an urgent policy agenda for the Kenyan government as well as other governments that have adopted free primary education policies in order to enhance the equity of the entire education system.
Keywords: openalex:import

Envisioning future selves: African American medical students on the path to careers in academic medicine - Nivet, Marc A. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

The effects of a back education programme among employees at an industrial setting in Cape Town, South Africa - Niyobuhungiro, Philippe (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges in guiding and counseling pupils in Kenyan public primary schools: teacher counselors experiences - Njoka, Evangeline Wanjira (Chemchemi, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

An audit of snake bite injuries seen at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria - Njoku, C.O.; Isezuo, SA; Makusidi, Muhammad A (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2008)
Snakebite is an important but often overlooked medical problem worldwide. This work is an audit of snakebite injuries in Sokoto, North West Nigeria using hospital-based data.A retrospective analysis of the records of all adult patients with snakebite managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, North West Nigeria from January 2000 to December 2004 was carried out. Information retrieved included demographic and clinical data.Seventy three patients made up of 55 males (75.3%) and 18 females (24.7%) were involved. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Snakebite constituted 1.7 per 1000 hospital admissions and 12.7 per 1000 medical admissions. 82.2% of the patients were between 15 and 40 years of age. 89% of the bites were between the months of March and October. 54.8% of the patients were bitten in the home environment while 39.7% were bitten in the bush. The lower limbs were the most common sites of bite (58.9%). Most( 63%) of the bites occurred during the daytime. 50.7% of the patients showed signs of envenomation while 64.4% received antivenom. Majority of the patients survived and 2.7% of the patients died. The outcome was unknown in 26.0% of patients.Snakebite constitutes an important cause of hospital admission and occurs mainly during the rainy season which coincides with the period of intense farming activities in the study population. The build up commences during the period of intense heat. Envenomation status of patients need to be accurately determined to avoid excessive use of antivenoms with the attendant risk to patients.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' educational level and linguistic variability: implications for language in education policy in Kenya - Njoroge, Martin C. (Chemchemi, 2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training needs of headteachers in management of adolescent behaviour problem in public secondary schools in Kiambaa Division, Kenya - Njoroge, Susan W (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Components of Health Promoting Schools in Ugandan primary schools: a pilot study - Nkamba, Eriab M; Tilford, Sylvia; Williams, Sonia (International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 2008)
Abstract Health Promoting Schools (HPSs) represent key settings through which health can be improved. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided component indicators but data on the degree of coverage of these key components of HPSs in many countries are limited. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether and to what extent information on the components of HPSs in Ugandan primary schools could be generated using focus group discussions (FGD) as well as through observational data. Four schools (two rural and two urban) were randomly selected from the sampling frame of 18 rural and 76 urban government-aided primary schools in Mbale District, Uganda. Focus group discussions (FGDs) involving teachers, parents and pupils were held at each school. Indicators of HPSs were also observed and recorded at each of the selected schools. A scoring system was devised based on the number of positive attributes derived from the WHO list of component indicators. Descriptive analysis from FGDs and observational data was also undertaken. Overall, the urban schools had a higher number of positive observations than rural schools for HPS indicators with some marked variation between urban and rural schools for specific indicators. This pilot study provided data to show that coverage of HPS components by different schools could be successfully evaluated using FGD and observational findings. Those strengths and shortcomings identified within and between the four schools necessitate further exploration with a larger scale study.
Keywords: openalex:import

Adaptation to climate change in Africa: synergies with biodiversity and forest - Nkem, Johnson; Idinoba, Monica; Brockhaus, Maria; Kalame, Fobissie Blese; Tas, Adriaan (2008)
Climate change, biodiversity and forest loss are issues inextricably interlinked and need to be addressed simultaneously. This is especially important with regard to climate change adaptation in Africa particularly with the emergence of contemporary global challenges such as the current food crisis. The same drivers of biodiversity loss in Africa are also largely responsible for increased vulnerability to climate change, most importantly drought, poverty, low institutional capacities that affect the adaptive capacity of communities, and inappropriate policies with preferences for short–term economic gains. The synergy between adaptation to climate change and biodiversity conservation requires a unifying strategy to enhance the sustainability of the forest resource pools on which poor communities directly depend for their livelihoods. This approach has recently been acknowledged in discussions on cooperation between conventions within the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), both of which have stressed the need for common approaches in their national implementation, which also provides a cost-saving option for African countries.
Keywords: openalex:import

Forests for climate change adaptation in the congo basin: responding to an urgent need with sustainable practices - Nkem, Johnson; Idinoba, Monica; Sendashoga, Cyrie (2008)
Raising policy and public awareness • on climate change and discussing the need for adaptation strategies. Harnessing the Congo Basin’s carbon • potential for sustainable economic growth, climate change mitigation, and improved local livelihoods. Reviewing emerging market • opportunities and their limitations for equitable cash ows, goods and services provision and national development. Improving ecological safety nets in • forests so that valued resources are more resilient to climate variability and change. Balancing the interests of multiple • stakeholders when setting priorities intended to achieve the Millennium Development Goal’s, national economic growth and sustainability objectives. Engaging public participation in a • science-policy dialogue throughout the process.‘ An innovative framework is needed whereby goods and services from sustainably managed Congo Basin forests are integrated into climate change adaptation strategies. Such strategies should also contribute to poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation in a way that enhances the forests’ ecological resilience to climate impacts. For a region where livelihoods and national development are closely linked to natural resources, choosing the best pro-poor pathway for climate change adaptation is fundamental to sustainability and poverty alleviation. An understanding of ecosystem services and their trajectories in future climate scenarios will be required. Participation by multiple stakeholders, including women and minority groups such as indigenous communities, is crucial to ensure their interests are reflected in national planning and policies. This information brief reiterates the opportunities for integrating poverty alleviation and climate change adaptation strategies into an ecosystem approach to regional forest policy and management.
Keywords: openalex:import

Forests for climate change adaptation in the congo basin - Nkem, Johnson; Idinoba, Monica; Sendashonga, Cyrie (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges and practices in health information education communication in Zambia - Nkolola-Wakumelo, Mildred; Nkosha, Dickson C. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) and Teacher Development: The Case of the University of Zambia - Nkosha, Dickson C.; Changala, Moses (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Analysis of Reading Habits of Pupils in Public and Private Primary Schools in Owerri, Nigeria. - Nnadozie, CO; Egwim, FO (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2008)
Reading skills are among the competencies that promote gainful use of time, facilitate knowledge acquisition and buttress information dissemination. The importance attached to early development of reading habits necessitated this investigation while identification as exhibited by pupils in their reading exercises provided the major thrusts. The subjects were made up of 400 pupils drawn from selected public and private primary schools in Owem, Nigeria. Relevant data were obtained through a customized Quesitonnire for Reading Habits in Primary School Pupils (QRHPSP). Findings showed that whereas respondents read for diffemt reasons, there was a marked difference in the reading habits of children in public and private schools. Private School pupils had more access to reading materials, and thus, exhibited a better attitude to reading. Furher results showed that the subjects of this study paid scant attention to Igho La nguage Gild Mathematics, which is not a healthy development.  Scarcity of reading materials and retrieval difficulties in libraries were among the. facto rs that affect reading by many respondents. Recommendations were made to assist children imbibe good reading habits, and ultimately, remedy lapses which this study has brought to the fore.
Keywords: openalex:import

Late Quaternary climate and environmental change in the summer rainfall region of South Africa : A study using trees and wetland peat cores as natural archives - Norström, Elin (2008)
This thesis contributes with information on past climate and environmental changes in South Africa’s summer rainfall region. The study is based on multi-proxy analyses on wetland peat cores and ana ...
Keywords: openalex:import

A School Dropout Profile in Cameroon - Noumba, Issidor (Revue d’économie du développement, 2008)
This paper presents a profile of school dropout in Cameroon in secondary-level education. It draws on an expanded production function to estimate a logistic model of the determinants of school dropout, taking into account the marginal effects of the explanatory variables. In order to track public expenditure (the public expenditure tracking survey, PETS), analysis of descriptive statistics and econometric estimations based on data obtained from the Ministry of the Economy and Finance in 2004 led to the following findings: (1) the dropout rate from government schools is higher than that from private schools; (2) the dropout rate is higher in rural areas than in urban areas; (3) there is no significant difference between boys and girls with regard to school dropout; (4) the learner’s family background and individual characteristics (age in particular) appear to be the main significant determinants of school dropout.
Keywords: openalex:import

Agency in Early Childhood Learning and Development in Cameroon - Nsamenang, A. Bame (Contemporary issues in early childhood, 2008)
This article focuses on agency, as a natural disposition in children to be active and participative. Africa's parenting attitudes and education in African family traditions encourage and foster children's responsible agency in family life, cultural and economic activities, and their own developmental learning from an early, especially within the peer culture. It is amazing that in an era of accentuating efforts to understand and actualize the UNCRC provisions on children's citizenship and participation, international advocacy persists in stigmatizing as child labor the centuries-old productive agency of Africa's children and youth, which disables almost 70 percent of the continent's population, instead of working to enhance and learn from it. The article critiques the conceptual developmental and core rights issues pertaining to children's agency, substantiating the discourse with illustrative impressions on the changing but ‘normative’ child agency in family traditions in Cameroon.
Keywords: openalex:import

Ethnotheories of Developmental Learning in the Western Grassfields of Cameroon - Nsamenang, A. Bame; Fai, Pascaline J.; Ngoran, Gladys N.; Ngeh, Mairama Y.; Forsuh, Fedelis W.; Adzemye, Eunice W.; Lum, Glory N. (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import

Analysis of leadership styles and school performance of secondary schools in Uganda - Nsubuga, Yusuf K. (2008)
The study sought to analyze the leadership styles of head teachers and school performance of secondary schools in Uganda. It was a mixed study that used both the qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was conducted in Uganda to investigate the relationship between the leadership style of head teachers and performance in schools. It adopted a correlation survey research design that helped in establishing the relationship of leadership styles and school performance. In this regard, data for this study was collected on the independent variable, which was leadership styles, and that of the dependent variable, which was school performance. The relationship between the two variables was investigated in order to determine the strength of their relationship and the coefficients of determination existing between them.
Keywords: openalex:import

Transcending disadvantage: life-histories of learners at a township school in South Africa - Ntete, Susan (2008)
Keywords: openalex:import