Disrespecting teacher: The decline in social standing of teachers in Cape Town, South Africa - Hammett, Daniel (International Journal of Educational Development, 2008)
This paper examines the declining levels of respect for teachers in two communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Education has been identified as a key area of reform and redress, but a critical skills shortage and under-resourced schools are hindering progress. Data from current and former teachers illustrate how the social and institutional capital of education is being replaced by a focus on economic capital, undermining the prestige of teaching as a career. These problems reflect trends elsewhere in the world and require action to prevent further shortages in education.
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South African social work education - Harms-Smith, Linda (International Social Work, 2008)
English In the context of ongoing internalized and structural forms of oppression in post-apartheid and post-colonial South Africa, social work education must be critical and engage with structural, modernist analysis and post-modern critical theory. This article explores how students experience a critical conscientization process as part of preparation for praxis which meets social change imperatives. French Dans un contexte où les formes d'oppression structurelles et intériorisées de la période post-apartheid et postcoloniale se maintiennent, il est nécessaire que la formation en travail social soit critique et qu'elle fasse place à l'analyse structurelle moderne et à la théorie critique post-moderne. Cette étude explore la façon dont les étudiants font l'expérience, dans leur cheminement pratique, d'un processus de conscientisation critique qui répond aux exigences du changement social. Spanish En el contexto de las internalizadas y estructurales formas de opresión actuales en la Sud Africa post-colonial y post-apartheid, la educación en trabajo social debe ser crítica y comprometida con el análisis estructural moderno y con la teoría crítica postmoderna. Este artículo explora cómo los estudiantes experimentan el proceso de concientización crítica como parte de la preparación para la práctica, la cual se enfrenta con los imperativos del cambio social.
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“Athleticated” Versus Educated: A Qualitative Investigation of Campus Perceptions, Recruiting and African American Male Student-Athletes - Harrison, C. Keith (Challenge, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of student narratives (N=167) about the contemporary issue of recruiting high-profile African American male student-athletes. Participants were asked to view a scene on recruiting from the film, The Program (1994). Participants were then presented with questions regarding a recruiting trip by an African American football player to a traditionally white campus. Findings indicate that both Black and White students perceived the African American male student-athletes in the film scene to be more “athleticated” than educated. They were also perceived as stereotypical sex-objects. When athletes (especially male) show up at the school, the program does everything it can to show the athlete how fun it would be to go to school there, i.e., greeted by beautiful women, surrounded by beautiful women and taken to parties with beautiful women. Nothing academic is shown to them (016).
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Hegemony, Education, and Subalternity in Colonial Papua New Guinea - Hawksley, Charles (2008)
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Influences on Young Gifted African Americans' School Success: Implications for Elementary School Counselors - Henfield, Delila Owens Malik S. (Elementary School Journal, 2008)
Too often, African American elementary school students, including the gifted, disengage academically and underachieve in public schools. Increased research on the underachievement and low achievement of African American students in gifted education programs has suggested that an array of educational, personal/social, and familial factors (e.g., low funding, racial identity development, and child‐rearing practices) contribute to negative school outcomes. In this article we explain how these factors influence these students' academic performance. We also offer practical strategies elementary school counselors can use to counter these negative educational outcomes and assist gifted African American students in elementary school in developing the identity of a scholar.
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Making the invisible visible: An examination of African American students' strategy use during mathematical problem solving - Hill, Crystal Antoinette (2008)
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Investigating the Impact of climate change on the robustness of index-based microinsurance in Malawi - Hochrainer, Stefan; Mechler, Reinhard; Pflug, Georg Ch.; Lotsch, Alexander (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
This analysis explores the potential impact of climate change on the viability of the Malawi weather insurance program making use of scenarios of climate change-induced variations in rainfall patterns. The analysis is important from a methodological and policy perspective. By combining catastrophe insurance modeling with climate modeling, the methodology demonstrates the feasibility, albeit with large uncertainties, of estimating the effects of climate change on the near and long-term future of microinsurance schemes serving the poor. By providing a model-based estimate of the incremental role of climate change, along with the associated uncertainties, this methodology can quantitatively demonstrate the need for financial assistance to protect micro-insurance pools against climate-change induced insolvency. This is of major concern to donors, nongovernmental organizations, and others supporting these innovative systems; those actually at-risk; and insurers. A quantitative estimate of the additional burden that climate change imposes on weather insurance for poor regions is of interest to organizations funding adaptation.
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Who Really Cares? The Disenfranchisement of African American Males in PreK-12 Schools: A Critical Race Theory Perspective - Howard, Tyrone C. (Teachers College Record, 2008)
Background/Context Despite recent gains from a number of students in U.S. schools, African American males continue to underachieve on most academic indices. Despite various interventions that have attempted to transform the perennial disenfranchisement, their school failure has persisted. Conversely, their failure in schools frequently results in poor quality of life options. Purpose/Objective/Focus of Study The objective of this study was to use critical race theory as a paradigmatic lens to examine the schooling experiences of African American males in PreK-12 schools. The focus of the study was to shed light on how African American males believe race and racism play as factors in their schooling experiences. Research Design The article includes qualitative data from a case study of African American males who offer counterstorytelling accounts of their schooling experiences. This article also explores the utility and appropriateness of critical race theory as a methodological tool to examine and disrupt the disenfranchisement of African American males in U.S. public schools. Findings/Results The results from this study revealed that the participants were keenly aware of how race shaped the manner in which they were viewed by their teachers and school administrators. The data also revealed how the participants explicitly fought to eradicate negative racial stereotypes held about African American males. Finally, the use of counter-storytelling within a critical race theory framework seemed to provide the participants a platform to discuss race-related issues in a manner that many of the participants felt was lacking in their school environments. Conclusion/Recommendations The findings from this study reveal some of the difficult obstacles that many African American males seek to overcome in order to become academically successful. Moreover, the findings suggest that educators must become more conscious of the role that race and racism plays in their schooling environments. Furthermore, educational researchers who are concerned with disrupting school failures of students of color and from low-income backgrounds should consider conceptual and methodological frames that place race, class, and gender at the center of their analysis.
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An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Learning Strategy and Expository Method of Teaching Biology: A Case Study of Lumen Christi International High School, Uromi, Nigeria - Imhanlahimi, E. O.; Imhanlahimi, Rebecca E. (Journal of Social Sciences, 2008)
The study assessed the effectiveness of computer assisted learning strategy and expository or traditional method of teaching biology using lumen Christi International high school, Uromi, Edo State Nigeria as a case study. The study which was a true experimental design: randomized, two groups, pre-test, post-test control group, involved sixty (60) senior secondary class one (SSC 1) students of the high school. The instrument for the study consisted of six essay questions based on three selected topics from SSC 1 curriculum. Data were analyzed using t-test statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that expository method of instruction was superior to computer assisted learning strategy in teaching biology. Besides students taught through co-operative or interactive computer assisted learning strategy achieved significantly higher than those taught through individual computer assisted learning strategy. Recommendations were offered based on the result of the study.
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Teaching Information Literacy Skills in Community Junior Secondary Schools in Gaborone, Botswana - Jorosi, Boemo N.; Isaac, Goitsemang Gladness Boitumelo Wadikonyana. (Information development, 2008)
Information literacy skills are fast becoming a global priority as society moves into the digital environment. However, although the subject has generated a vast body of literature, it remains an underdeveloped domain in sub-Saharan Africa, with few scholars demonstrating a keen interest in, and focus on, the subject. This has unfortunately limited a fuller understanding of how information literacy is conceptualized and delivered in developing country contexts. The study reported here investigated the teaching of information literacy skills in selected Community Junior Secondary Schools (CJSS) in the city of Gaborone, Botswana. Data were gathered from a sample of 30 teacher-librarians via face-to-face in-depth interviews with the aid of a five-question interview schedule. The key findings of the study were: (1) respondents had varying interpretations of what constituted information literacy skills, (2) a variety of skills were taught under the rubric information literacy skills; (3) by and large, the teaching of information literacy skills was done by teacher-librarians and subject teachers, (4) the main approaches in teaching information literacy skills involved library orientation and the use of the English Language Period, and (5) respondents cited three challenges, namely, the absence of an enabling environment or an office dedicated to school libraries, an exam-oriented curriculum and shrinking financial resources. Several recommendations are made for both future research and the Ministry of Education in Botswana.
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Climate change adaptation and livestock activity choices in Kenya: An economic analysis - Kabubo-Mariara, Jane (Natural Resources Forum, 2008)
Abstract This paper examines the impact of climate change on the decision of farmers to engage or not to engage in livestock activities and also on the choice of different livestock species in Kenya. To this end, cross‐sectional household level data supplemented by long‐term averages of climate data are used. The probit model is employed to derive the response of the probability of engaging in livestock activities to climate change. Probit and multivariate probit methods are employed to model the choice of different livestock species. Atmosphere–ocean global circulation models are used to project the impact of different climate scenarios on the probability of engaging in livestock activities and also of adopting different livestock species according to variations in climate. The results suggest that farmers adapt livestock management decisions to climate change. At low levels of temperature increase, the probability of engaging in livestock activities falls, but at higher levels of climate change, the probability rises. The results further show that as it gets hotter, farmers change their livestock choices from dairy cattle and sheep to beef cattle and goats.
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Using Drama for School-Based Adolescent Sexuality Education in Zaria, Nigeria - Kafewo, Samuel Ayedime (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
This paper describes the use of drama and participatory methods in a girls-only secondary school in Zaria, Nigeria, as a means of sexuality education, carried out by the Nigerian Popular Theatre Alliance and the Second Chance Organization of Nigeria. The issues addressed had to come from the students, to allow them to develop critical thinking and learn useful lessons. The topics that concerned the group of 15 girls who participated from the school included abortion, premarital sex and pregnancy, teacher-student relationships and lesbianism. Participants developed a play about teacher-student relationships and presented it to the whole school. The presentation was stopped several times in order to involve the audience in discussing the choices available to the protagonist and what they would do in her place. This allowed all the students to explore the problem, generate and assess alternative solutions and communicate their learning to others. It also started a process of change in how the school dealt with girls who were forced to drop out due to sexuality-related problems, including pregnancy. Our long-term aim is advocacy to support the introduction of sexuality education as a permanent element in the curriculum throughout the school system.
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Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety among a Sample of South African Patients Living with a Chronic Illness - Kagee, Ashraf (Journal of Health Psychology, 2008)
The present study reports on a survey conducted among 119 patients receiving treatment for diabetes or hypertension at semi-rural community health care clinics in South Africa. Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). On the HSCL, 38.5 per cent of the sample scored in the elevated range. On the BDI, 19.8 per cent of the sample fell in or above the moderate range for depression. The results suggest that a considerable proportion of the sample may be experiencing significant psychiatric difficulty, for which they may not be receiving treatment.
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Education, skills, and labor market outcomes : evidence from Ghana - Kingdon, Geeta; Söderbom, Måns (44, 2008)
In a wide-ranging paper on education, incomes, poverty, and inequality, teal (2001) estimates the returns to education in Ghana, using four waves of data from 1988 to 1999. Unlike much of the international literature, this study estimates the returns to education not only in wage employment, but also in the two other major occupations-agriculture (which employed 64 percent of the labor force in 1998-99) and self-employment. Pooling the four rounds of Ghana data, author introduces round dummies to examine how earnings changed over time in each occupation. A major contribution of the paper is that it showcases how the availability of data over time enhances understanding of the poverty-reducing potential of education. Such data permits the decomposition of any increase in incomes due to changes in the average amount of education, as well as to underlying technical progress, over a given time period.
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National Costs to Meet Future Water Supply Production Needs in Africa under Climate and Demographic Changes - Kirshen, Paul (World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008, 2008)
Demographic and climate changes, urbanization, and globalization are creating stresses on many nations' water resources, including in Africa. Using climate change and demographic scenarios for 2050, it is found that large additional investments will be needed in water supply production facilities in the region over the next 25 years.
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Status of pollution in mangrove ecosystems along the coast of Tanzania - Kruitwagen, G.; Pratap, H.B.; Covaci, Adrian; Bonga, S.E. Wendelaar (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2008)
Mangroves act as buffer areas for marine systems, providing a barrier to contamination from continental sources by retaining metal pollutants. This study evaluates metal and semimetal contamination in the water column and sediments of four mangroves located on the volcanic island of São Tomé. Several metals had a widespread distribution, with occasional high concentrations, linked to potential sources of contamination. However, the two smaller mangroves, located in the northern part of the island, tended to have high metal concentrations. Arsenic and chromium concentrations were notably concerning, particularly if we consider this is an isolated and non-industrialized island. This work highlights the need for further assessments and a better understanding of processes and implications of metal contamination in mangroves. This assumes a particular relevance in areas that have specific geochemical compositions (i.e., volcanic origin) and in developing countries, where people often rely directly and heavily on resources obtained from these ecosystems.
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Horn of Africa parents and their children's education - Kuyok, Kuyok Abol (Race equality teaching, 2008)
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Gendered Perspectives on the Digital Divide, IT Education, and Workforce Participation in Kenya - Kvasny, Lynette; Payton, Fay Cobb; Mbarika, Victor; Amadi, Atieno A. Ndede; Meso, Peter (IEEE Transactions on Education, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to examine gendered perspectives on the digital divide, motivations for engaging in information technology (IT) education, and expectations regarding IT workforce participation in Kenya. Researchers interviewed 32 women and 31 men matriculating in an undergraduate IT-focused program at a Kenyan university. Interviewees reported that IT careers demand technical expertise, and a strong educational background in technology and business. However, their ability to meet these demands was hindered by significant national challenges such as restrictive IT policies, inadequate access to technology and educational resources, and a limited number of local firms that demonstrate the ability to manage advanced technology and IT workers. Women were particularly concerned about gender discrimination in the workplace. These findings imply that IT education and workforce entry require a complex mix of digital technologies, organizational capacity building, gender equity, and IT policy remedies.
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Lesotho - Education Sector Development Project - Mastri, Lawrence (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
The objectives of the Education Sector Development Project (ESDP) addresses critical needs in the areas of basic education, such as expanding access through the construction, and furnishing of new classrooms. The project aimed to revise curricula, develop instructional materials, and strengthen the system of assessment. In addition to recruiting more teachers, training for teachers at both pre-and-in service was planned to upgrade the standards of teaching. To address the needs of students enrolled in Technical and Vocational Education programs, the project proposed to introduce standardized craft curricula, strengthen skills certification and testing, and improve policy and management capacity within the sub sector. The project planned to support the National University of Lesotho in its efforts to introduce quality enhancement and cost containment measures. Finally, the objectives included improving sectoral management by reorganizing the Ministry of Education (MOE), promoting decentralization, and school level management.
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Lesotho - Education Sector Development Project - Mastri, Lawrence (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2008)
The objectives of the Education Sector Development Project (ESDP) addresses critical needs in the areas of basic education, such as expanding access through the construction, and furnishing of new classrooms. The project aimed to revise curricula, develop instructional materials, and strengthen the system of assessment. In addition to recruiting more teachers, training for teachers at both pre-and-in service was planned to upgrade the standards of teaching. To address the needs of students enrolled in Technical and Vocational Education programs, the project proposed to introduce standardized craft curricula, strengthen skills certification and testing, and improve policy and management capacity within the sub sector. The project planned to support the National University of Lesotho in its efforts to introduce quality enhancement and cost containment measures. Finally, the objectives included improving sectoral management by reorganizing the Ministry of Education (MOE), promoting decentralization, and school level management.
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Institute nurtures African math and science graduate students - Matthews, Jermey N. A. (Physics Today, 2008)
Africa is relying on graduate research and education initiatives to produce the new crop of young scientists the continent needs to build its technical base.
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The readiness of the Botswana Institute of Administration and Commerce (BIAC) to spearhead e-government training in Botswana: an investigation - Mbubu, Frederic (2008)
Findings of this study conducted in 2007 revealed that the Botswana Institute of Administration and Commerce (BIAC) was not ready to train public officers on e-government due to a number of factors. These included leadership, technology, facilities and personnel. The researcher viewed the above factors as independent variables as they were appropriate at organisational level. Political will and policy issues were beyond the scope of the study as they were perceived to be national issues to be dealt with at government level.
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New polymorphic mtDNA restriction site in the 12S rRNA gene detected in Tunisian patients with non-syndromic hearing loss - Mkaouar‐Rebai, Emna; Tlili, Abdelaziz; Masmoudi, Saber; Charfeddine, Ilhem; Fakhfakh, Faiza (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2008)
The 12S rRNA gene was shown to be a hot spot for aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic hearing loss since several deafness-associated mtDNA mutations were identified in this gene. Among them, we distinguished the A1555G, the C1494T and the T1095C mutations and C-insertion or deletion at position 961. One hundred Tunisian patients with non-syndromic hearing loss and 100 hearing individuals were analysed in this study. A PCR-RFLP analysis with HaeIII restriction enzyme showed the presence of the A1555G mutation in the 12S rRNA gene in only one out of the 100 patients. In addition, PCR-RFLP and radioactive PCR revealed the presence of a new HaeIII polymorphic restriction site in the same gene of 12S rRNA site in 4 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss. UVIDOC-008-XD analyses showed the presence of this new polymorphic restriction site with a variable heteroplasmic rates at position +1517 of the human mitochondrial genome. On the other hand, direct sequencing of the entire mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in the 100 patients and in 100 hearing individuals revealed the presence of the A750G and A1438G polymorphisms and the absence of the C1494T, T1095C and 961insC mutations in all the tested individuals. Sequencing of the whole mitochondrial genome in the 4 patients showing the new HaeIII polymorphic restriction site revealed only the presence of the A8860G transition in the MT-ATP6 gene and the A4769G polymorphism in the ND2 gene.
openalex: W2021300284 mag: 2021300284
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Stakeholder perceptions and attitudes towards sexual and reproductive health education in Namibia - Mufune, Pempelani (Sex Education:Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2008)
Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education is one way Namibia combats HIV/AIDS. This exploratory study had two objectives: to investigate attitudes and perceptions towards sex education, and to see what purpose sex education serves in Namibia. To what extent do stakeholders support sex education in Namibia? What kind of obstacles exists to SRH education in Namibia? We believe that knowing how people perceive sex education is necessary for implementing and fine‐tuning SRH programmes. Eighteen focus group discussions and eight key informant interviews were used to assess SRH education issues. There was broad support for SRH education among stakeholders. Teachers have very little training in SRH education; some are reportedly uninspiring while Namibia suffers from a paucity of teaching materials. SRH teachers would like active parental support, but many parents are suspicious of schools teaching SRH and do not have an idea what to do. There is need for the students to be graded in sex education for them to value it more. Namibia should also invest more in training SRH teachers.
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When African-American families choose an African-centered charter school in place of a traditional public school for their children, what motivating factors inform that decision? - Napp, Lisa A. (2008)
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Evaluation of Red Sea Programme Basic Education Project in Sudan - Nur, Mohamed Iies (2008)
The Band Aid Trust and Oxfam GB supported a basic education project in the Red Sea State of Sudan from October 2005 to September 2008. The project aimed to increase access to quality education for internally displaced and urban poor children, in eight slum areas in three administrative units. The main objective of this Final Evaluation is to assess the project's impact on beneficiaries and potential sustainability, to determine whether donors' requirements have been met, and to make recommendations.
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Enjoying Human Flourishing Through Education (The Case of Zambia) - Nyirenda, Boyd Kapyunga (2008)
Africa remains the world's poorest continent, with a majority of its about 900 million people living in abject poverty and misery. Several reasons account for this reality. Isaac N. Mazonde notes that one of the key ones is that education has not been relevant to the needs of the society. Since independence from colonialism,many African countries including Zambia have tried to expand education and to reform school curricula to foster national development. They have failed to achieve this goal, chiefly because the oppressive educational structures that the colonialists formulated still obtain today. Education helps to perpetuate unjust socioeconomic and political structures which the elite use to control, rule, and dominate the masses. The elite enrich themselves while oppressing the masses, plunging them into abject poverty and destitution.
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Radiography students’ perceptions of clinical placements – A Nigerian perspective - Ogbu, S.O.I. (Radiography, 2008)
Purpose To assess undergraduate radiography student perception of clinical placements and to evaluate their clinical learning experiences. Methods To evaluate student perception of clinical placements, a Likert-scale questionnaire was used to assess clinical practice, the practice-learning environment. One hundred and seventy-eight undergraduate [student] radiographers participated in the study. Results The students indicated they had adequate and enjoyed their time on the clinical placement. They also indicated the qualified staff was supportive, friendly and approachable. The students were able to achieve their learning outcomes during the placement. However placement venues, according to the students, had inadequate learning resources. No radiographic/medical imaging research findings, whether locally generated or otherwise, were used in clinical practice. Conclusions Clinical placements had adequate student support. It provided a pleasant learning experience for the students and it enhanced their skills. Staff was willing and available to assist learning. Nevertheless, the training institutions, professional body and clinical placement providers need to make an effort to address inadequate learning resources (e.g. IT, library, study rooms) as well as the non-utilization of radiographic/medical imaging research findings.
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Psycho-social factors as predictors of truancy behaviour among secondary school students in Ogun state, Nigeria - Ogundokun, M. O.; Olawole, O O (2008)
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Who's Serving Whom? Partners, Process, and Products in Service-Learning Projects in South African Urban Geography - Oldfield, Sophie (Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 2008)
The literature on service learning in geography courses has established and substantiated the importance and usefulness of such projects for student learning. In this paper the assumption is questioned that similar sets of benefits accrue to ‘community’ participants, those involved who are located outside the university context. The research undertaken demonstrates that projects, and the research or ‘service’ that they produce, are embedded in more complicated sociopolitical terrain that reflects not only the relationship between university and community, but also the complex ways in which organizations link to ‘communities’ and residents with complex local identities and interests. Analysis of this topography demonstrates the context-specific structuring of partnerships, research processes and the consequent diverse ‘after-lives’ of any research products that are produced.
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Studies of Propagation Impairments for Fixed Satellite Communication Links at the Microwave Frequencies in Nigeria - Omotosho, T. V. (2008)
The study investigates the effect of propagation impairments such as rain, cloud, gases and tropospheric scintillation on fixed satellite communication link on earth-space path for frequencies between 10 and 50 GHz at Ku, Ka and V bands for 37 locations in Nigeria. Two standard elevation angles of 50, 550 as well as some elevation angles for links to recently launched Nigeria Communication Satellite, (NigComsat-1) were used in the computation of the propagation impairments for the 37 locations. Linearly and circularly polarized waves were considered. The International Telecommunication Union Radiowave Propagation models (ITU-RP) were used in the investigation of the propagation impairments. The study is divided into three parts; firstly, the collection and analysis of meteorological data from Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellites such as rain accumulation, profiles of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, surface temperature and pressure were validated with the available ground data in Nigeria to form statistics on monthly and annual basis. These are reprocessed to derive propagation parameters, such as; one-minute rainfall rate, water vapour density, total cloud liquid water content, and integrated water vapour content. Secondly, an appropriate ITU-RP propagation model was selected for each of the propagation impairment and was used to calculate each attenuation distribution for a percentage of time unavailability. Thirdly, the attenuation due to all impairments were combined based on the annual cumulative distribution and percentage of time unavailability between 0.01 to 10%. The calculation of the propagation parameters are based on the measured mean annual data in each location for the period of 4 to 9 years. Propagation impairments were also computed at Ku, Ka and V bands for links to NigComsat-1 at 0.01 to 10% of time unavailability in an average year. The results of all impairment were compared on regional basis by using a colour chart for all the 37 locations in Nigeria. The results of the predicted propagation impairments are as follows: rain attenuation is highly severe in Abakaliki the South-East (SE) region followed, in descending order, by Yenagoa the South-South (SS), Ibadan South-West (SW), Jos Middle-Belt (MB), Damaturu North-East (NE), and Kastina North-West (NW) regions. Cloud attenuation is highly severe in Abakaliki the SE region followed, in descending order, by Jos (MB), Gombe (NE), Dutse (NW), Ikeja (SW), and Calabar (SS) regions. Gaseous attenuation is highly severe in Calabar the (SS regions) followed, in descending order, by Ikeja (SW), Abakaliki (SE), Abuja (MB), Dutse the (NE) and Kastina (NW) regions. Tropospheric scintillation is very high in Calabar (the SS region) followed, in descending order, by Ikeja (SW), Owerri (SE), Abuja (MB), Dutse (NE) and Kastina (NW) regions. Combined impairments due to multiple sources of simultaneously occurring atmospheric attenuation is highly severe in Abakaliki the (SE region) followed, in descending order, by Uyo (SS), Ikeja the (SW), Markudi (MB), Maiduguri (NE) and Katsina (NW) regions. For links to NigComsat-1 the combined impairments due to multiple sources of simultaneously occurring atmospheric attenuation is highly severe in Yenagoa the (SS region ) followed, in descending order, by Owerri (SE), Ibadan (SW), Jos (MB), Damaturu the (NE), and Katsina (NW) regions. Overall, Sokoto and Katsina appear as good locations to site fixed satellite earth stations (operating at Ku band and above) for deep space exploration as the results obtained showed consistently that the two locations are less affected by all propagation impairments investigated.
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Effective Cultism Management Techniques as Perceived by Staff and Studentsin Higher Education: A Case Study of Federal Colleges of Education in Nigeria - Onoyase, Dickson; Onoyase, Anna; Arubayi, Damaro Olusoji (Journal of Social Sciences, 2008)
The investigation was set out to study effective cultism management technique as perceived by academic staff, non-academic staff and students in higher education in Nigeria a case study of federal colleges of education in Nigeria. Five hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study made use of a an instrument known as the effective cultism management technique questionnaire (ECMTQ). The instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.78. The instrument was administered on a total of five hundred and sixty seven respondents made up of academic staff, non-academic staff and students. All the respondents returned their copies of questionnaire showing one hundred percent return rate. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the data and the findings showed that coercion, persuasion, public renunciation, public awareness campaign and school disciplinary measure were found to be effective techniques in the management of cultism. public awareness ca
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Drummistic piano composition: an approach to teaching piano composition from a Nigerian cultural perspective - Onyeji, Christian (International Journal of Music Education, 2008)
The search for Nigerian-based content and methodology for music education has been one of the primary concerns of music educators in contemporary Nigeria. Debates and criticisms surrounding the existing curriculum are ongoing. A natural response to these criticisms is the suggestion of alternative solutions that aim to develop a Nigerian-based approach to music education. Such an approach places an acknowledgement of the cultural background of the learner as a necessary basis for music education. The objective of this article is not to add another voice to those calling for changes to the content and style of music education in Nigeria without providing reference models. A theoretical framework that uses a practical approach to teaching piano composition to Nigerian students that is based on Nigeria's cultural context is proposed. Far from claiming to be a final solution to music education problems in Nigeria, it is an approach that solicits responses and contributions from others in order to foster music education that acknowledges a Nigerian perspective.
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Identification of the Factors Affecting Implementation of Physical Education Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nairobi Province Kenya - Owuor, Emmanuel Ojwang (2008)
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The South African economy : will it survive 'the perfect storm?' - Parsons, Raymond (Management Today, 2008)
South Africa is not short of world-class policies and projects - the challenge is to effectively translate many more of them into reality. Our public institutions need to be strengthened and made to perform. This means better functioning state departments - including local authorities. We need to recognise the reality of a desperate skills shortage as well as the lack of organisational experience - and adapt our policy thinking and strategic planning accordingly. If we are looking for a role model, then the South African Revenue Services has already shown the rest of the public service how it should be done.
openalex: W1483393499 mag: 1483393499
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Education sector reform: The Ugandan experience - Penny, Alan; Ward, Michael; Read, Tony; Bines, Hazel (International Journal of Educational Development, 2008)
In 1998 the Government of Uganda (GoU) began implementing an ambitious reform programme called the Education Strategic Investment Plan (ESIP) in order to effect Universal Primary Education (UPE). This paper offers a perspective on how the GoU has met the challenge of financing education reform, addressed the need to improve the quality of basic education and increased access and equity while improving efficiency at primary and post-primary levels of education. The development model described in this paper privileges good governance and donor co-operation within a Sector Wide Approach. Important lessons have been learned in Uganda including the need for political commitment to universal primary education within a clear conception of whole sector reform. However, the discourse of SWAPs tends to function primarily in the formal sphere and not at the level of the experience of most teachers, pupils and their families, yet it is at this level that national education policies have to be mediated in practice. More attention needs to be given in education sector reform to the processes as well as the context of change.
openalex: W2068161144 mag: 2068161144
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The association between unwanted early sexual experiences and sexual adjustment among Belgian and South African students - Revell, Arlynn T.; Vansteenwegen, Alfons; Nicholas, Lionel; Dumont, Kitty (Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2008)
This study examined the association between unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) and sexual adjustment among 2,608 Belgian students (men = 1,017; women = 1,587) and 1,081 South African students (men = 335; women = 739) and the severity of the experience in its bothersomeness. Of Belgian women, 14.2% (226) reported UESE compared to 31.3% (231) of South African women; and of Belgian men 12.3% (125) indicated that they had an UESE compared to 56.4% (189) of South African men. Against expectations, those without UESE showed significant poorer sexual adjustment. The severity of UESE was also associated with greater bothersomeness by all respondents except for Belgian men at the time of completing the checklist. However, no association was found between severity and bothersomeness at the time of UESE.
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Dental caries prevalence among inter-mediate and secondary school students in Thamar–Yemen - Salman, Faraed D (مجلة الرافدين لطب الأسنان, 2008)
Aims:To determine the prevalence of dental caries among intermediate and secondary school students 13-16 years old to determine the age and sex difference and to obtain data that can help in planning preventive dental health programs for school students in Yemen.Materials and Methods: A random sample of 512 intermediate school students,449 secondary school students were examined.Intermediate school student sample was divided into 3 age groups namely 13,14,15 and secondary school student sample was divided into 3 age groups namely 16,17,18 years old.The WHO methodology (1997) was used to assess the individual tooth status.Results: The mean DMFT for the total sample was 5.2±0.13;which increased with the increasing of age from 4.54 to 4.84 to 6.47 for the age groups 13,14,15 years old respectively; without significant sex difference as total 5.44 for males and 5.14 for total females.Results of dental caries for the secondary school students showed that the mean DMFT for the total sample was 5.98± 0.14, which decreased with the increasing of age from 5.60 to 6.49 to 5.85 for the age groups 16,17,18 years old respectively, with peak value at 17 years old without significant sex difference, 5.74 for total males, 6.21 for total females.Conclusion: The mean DMFT for both intermediate, secondary schools increased with increasing age with statistical significant difference with no sex differences.
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Teaching Teachers in Ethiopia - Scherrer, D. K.; Moldwin, M. B.; Rabella-Soares, M.; Reiff, P. H.; Sumners, C.; Yizengaw, E. (AGUSM, 2008)
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A Structural Ricardian Analysis Of Climate Change Impacts And Adaptations In African Agriculture - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert (2008)
This paper develops a Structural Ricardian model to measure climate change impacts that explicitly models the choice of farm type in African agriculture. This two stage model first estimates the type of farm chosen and then the conditional incomes of each farm type after removing selection biases. The results indicate that increases in temperature encourage farmers to adopt mixed farming and avoid specialized farms such as crop-only or livestock-only farms. Increases in precipitation encourage farmers to shift from irrigated to rainfed crops. As temperatures increase, farm incomes from crop-only farms or livestock-only farms fall whereas incomes from mixed farms increase. With precipitation increases, farm incomes from irrigated farms fall whereas incomes from rainfed farms increase. Naturally, the Structural Ricardian model predicts much smaller impacts than a model that holds farm type fixed. With a hot dry climate scenario, the Structural Ricardian model predicts that farm income will fall 50 percent but the fixed farm type model predicts farm incomes will fall 75 percent.
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93 Education of Palliative Care in Kisumu, Kenya, Africa - Sosars, V; Sommerfeld, G (End of Life Care, 2008)
Ann Arbor, of Michigan, USA, working for Mission Opportunities Short Term (MOST), organised a multidisciplinary team of eight palliative care (PC) specialists from the USA and one from Latvia to provide educational work in PC at Kisumu, Kenya, 18–23 September, 2007. Recruitment of the team and preparation of the educational programme, including writing the syllabus, started 6 months prior to the above date. All …
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HIV/AIDS, climate change and disaster management: challenges for institutions in Malawi - Suarez, Pablo; Givah, Precious; Storey, Kelvin; Lotsch, Alexander (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
Southern African institutions involved in disaster management face two major new threats: the HIV/AIDS pandemic (eroding organizational capacity and increasing vulnerability of the population), and climate change (higher risk of extreme events and disasters). Analyzing the combined effects of these two threats on six disaster-related institutions in Malawi, the authors find evidence of a growing gap between demand for their services and capacity to satisfy that demand. HIV/AIDS leads to staff attrition, high vacancy rates, absenteeism, increased workload and other negative effects enhanced by human resources policies and financial limitations. Many necessary tasks cannot be carried out adequately with constraints such as the 42 percent vacancy rate in the Department of Poverty and Disaster Management Affairs, or the reduction of rainfall stations operated by the Meteorological Service from over 800 in 1988 to just 135 in 2006. The authors highlight implications of declining organizational capacity for climate change adaptation, and formulate recommendations.
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[Attitudes of Tunisian medical students to medical practice: gender differences]. - T, Nabli Ajmi; Mi, Bougmiza; Mtiraoui, Ali (2008)
To better understand the impact of gender change in medical practice on health care in Tunisia, we conducted a cross-sectional study on the attitudes of 512 medical students (40% female) to medicine and medical practice in the Faculty of Medicine, Sousse. Female students attached more value than males to the intrinsic aspects of a physician's job, such as the desire to help others and to work with people. Regarding the dimensions of comprehensive care (psychosociological aspects of care, health education, patient-centred approach and medical prevention), there were wide differences between men and women. At the end of their training cycles, both male and female students ascribed less importance to these aspects than in the beginning.
openalex: W2409183540 mag: 2409183540
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Ethical dimensions in decision making: perceptions of business students at the University of Botswana - Temtime, Temtime Zealeme (2008)
The ethical behavior of the business community has been the subject of much debate and the reputation of the business schools has been noticeably tarnished because of the unethical business practices that resulted in recent corporate disgrace as well as the current global financial crisis. Although the ethical behavior of people is shaped by a plethora of personal and environmental factors, business schools are responsible for developing acceptable behavior among their students. This paper investigates the perceptions of graduate and undergraduate students about ethical and unethical practices.
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Engineers in the Classroom: Their Influence on African‐American Students’ Perceptions of Engineering - Thompson, Stephen; Lyons, James (School Science and Mathematics, 2008)
A Draw an Engineer Test was used to capture the perceptions of engineering held by two similar groups of 6th grade African‐American students. Forty‐four students who had graduate level engineers in their classrooms during a prior school year as part of a GK‐12 project were matched to 44 students who had not. Matching criteria included race, gender, and academic standing. Using perceptions of common engineering artifacts, fields, tasks and processes as measures, student perceptions were quantified using a Draw an Engineer Test Scoring Guide. Additional descriptive analysis was also conducted. Control group students’ perceptions centered on engineering as physical work and portrayed engineers primarily in construction or building trades. Experimental group students were more likely to perceive engineering as involving mental tasks such as designing, presenting and experimenting. Experimental group students also displayed greater awareness and understanding of various engineering fields.
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Remaking the Nation: changing masculinities and education in South Africa - Unterhalter, Elaine (2008)
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Shifting selves: The emergence of new identities in South African schools - Vandeyar, Saloshna (International Journal of Educational Development, 2008)
This is an exploratory study on the nature and extent of racial integration in South African schools in the post-apartheid period. While there is vigilant media attention to occasional, dramatic incidents of racial conflict in white schools, there is very little research on the ways in which student identities are framed, challenged, asserted and negotiated within the dominant institutional cultures of former white schools. The research findings suggest that student identities are shaped and framed within stable institutional cultures that remain impervious to change despite the changing demographics of the student body; but that even under these conditions student identities are constantly being questioned and recast as black and white students begin to engage each other in the daily routines of institutional life.
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Families, Social Support, and Self-Care among Older African-American Women with Chronic Illness - Warren‐Findlow, Jan; Prohaska, Thomas R. (American Journal of Health Promotion, 2008)
Purpose. This study describes the specific type and extent of social support provided by family members to older African-American women managing chronic disease. Design. Qualitative study with multiple in-depth interviews conducted over a 2-year time period. Setting. Participants were interviewed in their homes in a large Midwestern city. Participants. This was a purposeful study group of 12 middle-aged and older African-American women with diagnosed early-stage heart disease and other comorbidities. Methods. Data were collected on women's beliefs about their heart disease and their descriptions of how family members helped or inhibited their self-care practices. Women's descriptions of family social support were analyzed as to the type and influence. Results. Most women lived in interdependent, multigenerational situations with family members providing: instrumental support; a passive form of informational support based on family history of heart disease that was used to make health comparisons and evaluate heart health; and behavioral support, which emerged, in terms of reinforcement or discouragement of lifestyle behavior changes, as a sometimes significant barrier to practicing chronic illness self-care. Conclusion. These findings, while not statistically representative, demonstrate the significant influence that family members have on older women's chronic illness self-care activities. The positive and sometimes negative effects of living with multiple generations suggest the need for culturally relevant, family-based, chronic illness interventions for African-Americans.
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Differences in the vocational rehabilitation process between African Americans and European Americans with specific learning disabilities on acceptance, services, and reasons for closure - Williams, Elmore; Denise, Precious (2008)
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TESSA: an open educational resource site for teacher education in Africa - Wolfenden, Freda (2008)
Technology now offers us a plethora of tools, resources (including Open Educational Resources) and structures to support educational activities. But the value of the technologies to enhance these activities depends on our ability, as educators, to identify the tools and structures which best support our purposes and the needs of learners. The issues facing teacher educators across Sub Saharan Africa are highly challenging: an additional four million teachers are required to meet the EFA goal of universal primary education by 2015; a large proportion of existing teachers have experienced little or no training; teacher supply is severely effected by both teacher migration and HIV / AIDs; and the inappropriate nature of many current teacher education programmes - focussed on theory with little emphasis on the development of teaching practices. (UNESCO 2008 etc). It seems unlikely that it will be possible to meet these needs, at the scale of expansion required, without exploiting new learning technologies. The motivations to harness these tools are huge and at the same time we are beginning to see the installation of ICT policies across the region. ( ICT Africa report 2008). Working across nine sub-Saharan African countries the TESSA consortium has been exploring how a mix of contemporary technological developments can be brought together to support the construction of new teacher education programmes and enhance existing courses; increasing connectivity, interactive web tools and OERs. TESSA has created an extensive OER environment dedicated to school-based teacher education, supporting an international community of teacher educators in adapting, refining and improving teaching materials through use and re-use. The TESSA session will offer narrative and analytical comment on our progress and future thinking in the different aspects of the programme outlined below, paying attention to ‘key lessons learnt’ that might be of value to others undertaking similar initiatives.
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HIV- and AIDS-related (mis)perceptions and (non)responses of school principals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa - Wood, Lesley; Webb, Paul (African Journal of AIDS Research, 2008)
Despite various HIV and AIDS training programmes offered for educators by the South African Department of Education, little has been achieved at the level of management in terms of creating a wider understanding of the social and cultural complexities of the condition and its impact on the quality of teaching and learning. Specifically, there is a lack of developmental programmes to help school principals provide leadership that can ensure that teachers and children who live in a context affected by the disease will still find themselves in a school environment of quality, care and compassion. With this in mind, we conducted a qualitative research enquiry among a sample of 12 school principals in the Eastern Cape Province in order to discover their perceptions about the impacts of HIV and AIDS on their schools and to learn how they have responded to the corresponding challenges. Our intention was to use the findings primarily to inform the development of an academic programme and short courses to empower school principals and leadership in this regard, but the findings may also be relevant as a guide for research on a larger scale.
openalex: W2037193149 mag: 2037193149
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The effect of noise-induced sloping high-frequency hearing loss on the gap-response in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex of guinea pigs - Yin, Shankai; Feng, Yuanming; Chen, Zheng‐Nong; Wang, Jian (Hearing Research, 2008)
Gap detection has been used as an evaluation tool for temporal processing in subjects with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the results from other reports are varied making it difficult to clearly define the impact of SNHL on the temporal processing ability of the auditory system. Specifically, we do not know if and how a high-frequency hearing loss impacts, presumably through off-channel interaction, the temporal processing in low-frequency channels where hearing sensitivity is virtually normal. In this experiment, gap-evoked responses in a low-frequency band (0.5-8 kHz) were recorded in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC) of guinea pigs through implanted electrodes, before and after a slopping high-frequency hearing loss, which was induced by over-stimulation using a 12-kHz-tone. The results showed that the gap thresholds in the low-frequency region increased gradually and became significantly higher 8 weeks after the induced high-frequency hearing loss. In addition, the response latency was slightly increased in the IC but this was not true for the AC. These results strongly indicate that a high-frequency hearing loss exerted an off-channel impact on temporal processing in the low-frequency region of the auditory system.
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Challenges in Delivering Sexual Health Education in Rural and Urban Gambian Communities - Zahavich, Jeffery B. L.; Heatley, Jennifer G. (Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2008)
Peer education programs in West Africa are a common method of dispersing health information into isolated communities. PURPOSE: The study purpose was to explore current sexual health messages presented to Gambian youth and to implement these messages within a peer health education program. METHODS: A two-day focus group was held with Nova Scotia-Gambia Association (NSGA) health educators. Day one was spent examining current NSGA key messages, and discussing sexual health behaviours and misconceptions thought to be true of Gambian youth. Day two was spent developing revised key messages to incorporate best practice information. These messages formed the basis of a resource unit intended for use with the NSGA peer health education program. Upon preliminary completion, nine rural and urban senior secondary schools were visited. At each visit the NSGA group was met by a pre-existing group of peer health educators. Most schools were presented with two full days of health education training pertaining to male and female reproductive anatomy, sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, proper use of effective contraceptives, signs/ symptoms of pregnancy and childbirth, and the ABCs of sexual activity (abstinence, be faithful, condom use). Although the accuracy and effectiveness of the ABC approach is questionable, it was incorporated as a cultural compromise. RESULTS: Politics, gender inequity, climate, and personal health served to be greater challenges to foreign health educators than language or cultural differences. Gambian youth need to be provided with accurate and culturally appropriate health messages in order for health education programs to be successful. CONCLUSION: Further monitoring and evaluation of key messages should be implemented since the current political situation in the Gambia poses a significant risk to the future of peer health education programs. This specifically pertains to the health risks associated with HIV/AIDS behaviour and outcomes. Acknowledgment to the Nova Scotia-Gambia Association.
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The maize seed system in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities in drought prone areas - Alemu, Dawit; Mwangi, W.; Nigussie, efro; Spielman, David J. (African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2008)
This study examines how the performance of the maize seed system in Ethiopia affects small-scale farmers’ access to and use of improved maize varieties. Particular emphasis is given to the droughtprone agro-ecologies of the Rift Valley region and the specific maize varieties developed for and disseminated in this area. Data for this study were gathered in 2005 from focus group discussions with maize farmers across three districts in the Rift Valley; household surveys of a random sample of 60 maize farmers; key informant interviews with public and private sector stakeholders in the maize seed market; and government and industry secondary sources. Findings show that despite extensive varietal development by the public research system, dissemination of improved varieties to farmers remains limited. This may be partially due to the continued dominance of public sector organizations in the multiplication and supply of seed to farmers, and to the relatively low level of private sector participation. The result is a seed market characterized by limited competition, insufficient supply of seed relative to demand, limited choice in the few varieties that are available, and excessively high costs of maize seed production. Without significant structural and organizational change to the maize seed system, these market and institutional failures will continue to hamper smallholder access to improved varieties developed for drought-prone regions such as the Rift Valley.
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Integration and magnitude homogenization of the Egyptian earthquake catalogue - Hussein, H. M.; Elenean, K. M. Abou; Marzouk, I.; Peresan, Antonella; Korrat, Ibrahim; El-Nader, I.F. Abu; Panza, G. F.; Gabry, Mohamed El (Natural Hazards, 2008)
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Education in Burkina Faso at Horizon 2025 - Kouraogo, Pierre; Dianda, Ambroise Y. (Journal of international cooperation in education, 2008)
This paper analyses aspects of the educational system of Burkina Faso in an attempt to envisage how it will be like at horizon 2025. The authors take a retrospective look at the achievements, the opportunities, and also the constraints and risks characterizing education in the country. Key aspects are examined, among which the organization and administration of the system, the curriculum, the infrastructures and human resources, attitudes towards learning and the relationships between the various stakeholders. This review served as a basis for sketching a mildly optimistic scenario, in line with the findings of a more general national prospective study.
openalex: W591565641 mag: 591565641
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Universal Primary Education for Equal Growth? The Paradox of Large Classes in Uganda - Nakabugo, Mary Goretti (Journal of international cooperation in education, 2008)
When Universal Primary Education (UPE) was launched in Uganda, school enrolments increased from 2.7 pupils in 1996 to 5.3 in 1997, and to 7.2 million in 2007. Even though this was followed by an increase in the number of teachers and classrooms, large classes of 70+ learners are not uncommon. Whereas UPE is viewed as a strong tool in redressing inequality and reducing poverty levels, it could negatively impact on economic growth if the quality provided is lacking. Realising that it would be much easier to adapt to large classes than is possible to reduce class size, this research investigated instructional strategies in Ugandan classrooms, with a specific focus on those providing practical teaching suggestions and examples of good practice. Teachers were found to have devised strategies to cope with large classes although most of them needed further development if they were to promote education for empowerment and growth.
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The nonstationary correlations between indices of West African precipitation and Atlantic hurricane activity - Schrage, Jon M. (18th Conference on Atmospheric BioGeosciences/28th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/28th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology (28 April–2 May 2008), 2008)
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An African Exploration of the East Asian Education Experience - Fredriksen, Birger; Peng, Tan Jee; Ndoye, Mamadou; Boon, Goh Chor; Gopinathan, Saravanan; Kinh, Nguyen Quang; Quoc, Nguyen Anh; Lee, Chong Jae; Benveniste, Luis; Hare, Daniel O' (2008)
Contents of the report are as follows: East Asia education study tour: an overview of key insights by Birger Fredriksen, and Tan Jee Peng. Education in Africa: knowledge makes the difference by Mamadou Ndoye. Education in Singapore: developments since 1965 by Goh Chor Boon, and S. Gopinathan. Education in Vietnam: development history, challenges, and solutions by Nguyen Quang Kinh, and Nguyen Quoc Chi. Education in the Republic of Korea: approaches, achievements, and current challenges by Chong Jae Lee. Education in Thailand: improving secondary education by Luis Benveniste. Education in Ireland: evolution of economic and education policies since the early 1990s by Daniel O' Hare.
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The Euphrates volcanic field, northeastern Syria: petrogenesis of Cenozoic basanites and alkali basalts - Lease, Nancy A.; Abdel‐Rahman, Abdel‐Fattah M. (Geological Magazine, 2008)
Abstract The Plio-Quaternary Euphrates volcanic field of NE Syria includes large discontinuous exposures of basanitic and basaltic lava flows (1200 km 2 in area). It represents the northern segment of the Cenozoic volcanic province of the Middle East and is located near the Bitlis collision suture. The rocks consist of olivine (15–20%), clinopyroxene (30–35%), plagioclase (45–55%) and opaque phases. Chemically, the rocks are largely ultrabasic (SiO 2 38.2–45.5 wt%, MgO 8.7–13.0 wt% and average Mg number of 0.65). They are enriched in incompatible trace elements such as Zr (133–276 ppm), Nb (25–71 ppm) and Y (17–28 ppm). The REE patterns are strongly fractionated ((La/Yb) N = 19.6), indicative of a garnet-bearing source. The 143 Nd/ 144 Nd isotopic compositions range from 0.512868 to 0.512940 (ε Nd = 4.5 to 5.9), and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr from 0.70309 to 0.70352. These chemical and isotopic compositions reflect strong affinities to OIB. Elemental ratios such as K/P (3.4), La/Ta (13) and La/Nb (0.77), and the low SiO 2 values, suggest that the Euphrates magma was subjected to minimal crustal contamination. Petrogenetic modelling has been carried out using a variety of mantle source materials, different degrees of partial melting (0.1 to 10%), and a number of scenarios including metasomatized sources. Modelling suggests that the magma could have been produced as a result of a small degree of partial melting of either (1) a garnet-bearing depleted source enriched with a small addition of metasomatizing fluids, or (2) a garnet-bearing fertile source. The overall chemical and petrological characteristics are more consistent with the generation of the Euphrates magma by a small degree of partial melting (F = 1%) of a primitive, garnet-lherzolite mantle source, possibly containing a minor spinel component. The Neogene collision of the Arabian plate with Eurasia along the Bitlis suture resulted in reactivation (beneath the Euphrates basin) of deep-seated fractures, along which lavas may have penetrated the crust.
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The Tunisian storm of 16–18 September 2003: a diagnostic study of the synoptic situation - Ouali, Anmar; Chaâbane, M.; Maalej, A.; Hannachi, Abdel; Fuccello, Alessandro (Weather, 2008)
WeatherVolume 63, Issue 5 p. 121-127 Research Article The Tunisian storm of 16–18 September 2003: a diagnostic study of the synoptic situation Anmar Ouali, Corresponding Author Anmar Ouali ouali@meteo.tn African Desk NOAA Science Center, Washington, USA Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Tunisia Institut National de la Météorologie, TunisiaInstitut National de la Météorologie, BP156, 2035 Tunis Carthage, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorMabrouk Chaabane, Mabrouk Chaabane Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorAhmed Maalej, Ahmed Maalej Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorAbdelwaheb Hannachi, Abdelwaheb Hannachi University of Reading, UK and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA.Search for more papers by this authorAlessandro Fuccello, Alessandro Fuccello Centro Nazionale Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica (CNMCA), RomeSearch for more papers by this author Anmar Ouali, Corresponding Author Anmar Ouali ouali@meteo.tn African Desk NOAA Science Center, Washington, USA Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Tunisia Institut National de la Météorologie, TunisiaInstitut National de la Météorologie, BP156, 2035 Tunis Carthage, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorMabrouk Chaabane, Mabrouk Chaabane Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorAhmed Maalej, Ahmed Maalej Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, TunisiaSearch for more papers by this authorAbdelwaheb Hannachi, Abdelwaheb Hannachi University of Reading, UK and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA.Search for more papers by this authorAlessandro Fuccello, Alessandro Fuccello Centro Nazionale Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica (CNMCA), RomeSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 April 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.206Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume63, Issue5May 2008Pages 121-127 RelatedInformation
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A Ricardian Analysis Of The Distribution Of Climate Change Impacts On Agriculture Across Agro-Ecological Zones In Africa - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert; Dinar, Ariel; Hassan, Rashid M.; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (2008)
This paper examines the distribution of climate change impacts across the six- teen Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Africa. We combine net revenue from livestock and
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Differential Adaptation Strategies To Climate Change In African Cropland By Agro-Ecological Zones - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep; Dinar, Ariel; Hassan, Rashid M. (2008)
This paper quantifies how African farmers have adapted their crop and irrigation decisions to their farm's current agro-ecological zone. The results indicate that farmers carefully consider the climate and other conditions of their farm when making these choices. These results are then used to forecast how farmers might change their irrigation and crop choice decisions if climate changes. The model predicts African farmers would adopt irrigation more often under a very hot and dry climate scenario but less often with a mild and wet scenario. However, farms in the deserts, lowland humid forest, or mid elevation humid forest would reduce irrigation even in the very hot and dry climate scenario. Area under fruits and vegetables would increase Africa-wide with the very hot and dry climate scenario, except in the lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zone. Millet would increase overall under the mild and wet scenario, but decline substantially in the lowland dry savannah and lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Maize would be chosen less often across all the agro-ecological zones under both climate scenarios. Wheat would decrease across Africa. The authors recommend that care must be taken to match adaptations to local conditions because the optimal adaptation would depend on the agro-ecological zone and the climate scenario.
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Teachers' Perceptions of the Construction of National Identity through the Primary School Social Studies Program in Malawi - Wyse, Jennifer Lynn (2008)
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The Role of Faith-based Organizations in Building Democratic Process: Achieving Universal Primary Education in Sierra Leone - Nishimuko, Mikako (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2008)
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Impact of Community Service Learning on Middle School African and Latino Americans' Understanding of Mathematics - Cave, Miranda Dawn (2008)
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Standards to assure quality in tertiary education: the case of Tanzania - Manyaga, Timothy (Quality Assurance in Education, 2008)
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide information on development of standards in Tanzania which may be of help to training providers in other countries as they seek to improve the quality and standards of their provision. Design/methodology/approach The need to provide quality assured tertiary qualifications in Tanzania to win both national and international recognition is explained. Processes of registration of institutions capable of delivering training programmes adequately and accreditation of the same to offer awards at appropriate levels as a means to ensure quality of provision are explored. Standards of good practice in Tanzanian tertiary education are surveyed and the challenges to their achievement are discussed based on the author's direct experience in Tanzania. Relevant and recent literatures on the topic are surveyed and some lessons drawn. Findings Accreditation standards are useful in instilling best practices in education and training. However, education and training institutions need to understand and practice them over a period of time to bring about expected results. It is concluded that ensuring quality in education is a multifaceted phenomenon that calls for the joint efforts of all key stakeholders. Originality/value The paper illustrates that the National Council for Technical Education is one of the first regulatory bodies in Africa to introduce academic quality standards in tertiary technical institutions. Notable improvements have been recorded since its inception. The experience described is the paper is not very common, so other countries taking similar steps may find it useful.
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Gender and education in post-apartheid South Africa: possibilities and limitations of the international human rights framework - Negrón, Laura A. (East African journal of peace & human rights, 2008)
No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 166-189
openalex: W2095148595 mag: 2095148595
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The capability approach and gendered education: some issues of operationalisation in the context of the HIV/AIDs epidemic in South Africa - Unterhalter, Elaine (2008)
Education appears untheorised in Amartya Sen's writings about the capability approach. In a brief section in the closing chapter of Development as Freedom the contrast is drawn between human capital theory, long the dominant trend in analyses of education in the third world, with human capability:
openalex: W374919586 mag: 374919586
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Dementia and cognitive impairment in elderly living in rural Benin (West Africa). - Guerchet, Maëlenn; Paraïso, Moussiliou Noël; Nubukpo, Philippe; Houinato, Dismand Stéphan; Clément, Jean‐Pierre; Dartigues, Jean François; Preux, Pierre‐Marie (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2008)
openalex: W2782162428 mag: 2782162428
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Oesophageal variceal band ligation using a Saeed Six-Shooter Multiband Ligator; experience at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: Case Report - Ladep, Nimzing G.; Sule, Jai Ajitchandra; Obeinu, O; Okeke, Edith (The Nigerian journal of medicine, 2008)
Oesophageal varices are common sequelae of cirrhosis, which when they bleed can be difficult to control. Oesophageal variceal band ligation, being the best modality for controlling variceal bleeding has not been common practice in West Africa, a region recognized to have a high prevalence of liver diseases. We present a case of band ligation of the varices of a patient that presented to our hospital with variceal haemorrhage, secondary to liver cirrhosis.We started by presenting a summary of the presentation of a 31 year old man at the Jos University Teaching Hospital and how we established the diagnosis of grade IV bleeding oesophageal varices. The subject had four bands applied to the oesophageal varices using a saeed six shooter oesophageal Multi-band ligator (North Carolina, USA) using a forward-viewing GIF P30 gastroscope (Tokyo, Japan) with the bands mounted on an Opti-vu barrel-shaped piece. He had a total of three sessions after which he was maintained on propranolol.The last recheck endoscopy demonstrated obliterated varices after which he was maintained on propranolol.We present a case of successful variceal band ligation of a cirrhotic with extensive oesophageal varices presenting in a resource-constraint medical setting.
openalex: W2030407549 mag: 2030407549
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Keratinophilic fungi inhabiting floor dusts of student houses at the South Valley University in Egypt - Maghraby, Thanaa A.; Gherbawy, Youssuf A.; Hussein, Mohamed A. (Aerobiologia (Bologna), 2008)
openalex: W1979992000 mag: 1979992000
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Management of motorcycle limb trauma in a teaching hospital in South-western Nigeria - Oluwajiya, K; Olasinde, A C; Odu, OO; Olakulehin, OA; Olatoke, Samuel (The Nigerian journal of medicine, 2008)
Background: To evaluate the management of limb injuries sustained from motorcycle accidents. Method: Consecutive 115 patients managed for limb injuries secondary to motorcycle trauma over a one-year period were prospectively studied. Results: There were 115 patients out of which seventy-six (66.1%) sustained injuries to the lower limbs, 25 (21.7% to the upper limbs, while 14 (12.2 %) injured both the upper and the lower limbs together. Seventy-nine (68.7%) patients had fractures of which 24 (30.4%) were open. There was no organized pre-hospital care, a high referral rate and long injury-treatment intervals. Treatment was by closed manipulation and splintage with casts (57.6%), tractions (30.4%), and external fixation (5.4%); 18 patients had elective ORIF. The complication rate for cases was 71.3% while 4 (3.5%) patients died. Conclusion: Management of motorcycle injuries is still difficult in developing countries. Attention needs to be paid to provision of organized trauma care to improve outcomes. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 17 (1) 2008 pp. 53-56
openalex: W2014369864 mag: 2014369864
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Determinants of cigarette smoking among senior secondary school students in a rural community of Southwest Nigeria - Osungbade, Kayode O.; Oshiname, Frederick O. (The Nigerian journal of medicine, 2008)
Smoking remains an increasing high-risk behaviour among the youth, despite its harmful effects on health. This study sought to find out the determinants of cigarette smoking among youth of a rural Nigerian community and suggested intervention measures which have potential for the control of smoking among in-school population.It was a cross-sectional study carried out among 416 students selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Determinants of smoking among the study participants and their knowledge were assessed with the aid of a pre-tested structured questionnaire.The proportions of ever-smokers who could associate cigarette smoking with known health problems were generally low compared to the never-smokers. The mean knowledge score, 4.05 +/- 0.4, obtained by the ever-smokers was also lower than the mean score, 6.41 +/- 0.2, obtained by the never-smokers. This was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). Smoking behaviour was significantly associated with friends (p = 0.00518) and parents (p = 0.002856) who smoke, and with cigarette advertisement (p = 0.032989).Low level of knowledge, peer and parental influence as well as exposure to cigarette advertisement played significant roles in the adoption of smoking behaviour by the youth. Anti-smoking education and other prevention strategies targeted at the youth, their parents and the media are desirable.
openalex: W1972895834 mag: 1972895834
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A Coprological Survey Of Geohelminth Infections Among School Children In Rural Ebonyi State, Nigeria - Ivoke, m (Animal Research International, 2008)
A cross-sectional coprological survey involving 420 primary school pupils of both sexes aged 6-14 years, was conducted in 8 primary schools at different locations in Ishielu Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection of the geohelminth (soil-transmitted helminth) parasites.The dominant geohelminth parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (329%), Trichuris trichiura (20.5%), and hookworms (3.8%). Alogether 240 respondents composed of 124 (29.4%) maes and 116 (27.6%) females were infected wth one or more o the parastes thus estabshng an overa prevaence of 571% In 7/8(87.5%) of the study primary schools, over 50% othe children harboured the ova of the parasites. The distribution of the infections were not gender-dependent, and the between-sex prevalence was not statistically sgnificant (p > 005). The prevalence of the infections appeared to be generally age-dependent but not over- dispersed as there was a marked association between age of the pupiland the infectious process. Concomitant infection nvolving 133% of all the infected pupils was recorded. Generally, the intensity of the geoheminthiasis was of the light category for A. lumbricoides (999 epg). Moderate infections (1000 – 9999 epg) of trichiuriasis was recorded in all the study schoos. A deworming programme of the infected schoos and the at–risk population is recommended. Keywords: Coprological survey, Geohelminth, Prevalence, Intensity of infection, Concomitant infectionAnimal Research International Vol. 4 (2) 2007 pp. 653-661
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Self Reported Symptoms associated with Coffee Consumption among University Students in Nigeria - Adegoke, AA (African Research Review, 2008)
This paper examined the psycho physiological effects of coffee consumption as reported by University students. The relationship between coffee consumption and anxiety was also explored. It was hypothesized that heavy caffeine users would report significantly higher anxiety and more psychophysical symptoms of caffenism more than non-users. A sample size of 447-university students made up of 239 males and 208 females within ages 16-36 years (M = 22.7; SD = 2.92) participated in the study. All respondents completed an adapted version of STAI forms Y-1 and Y-2 which measures state-trait anxiety. Analysis of data revealed significant difference between coffee users and non-users on state anxiety. The quantity and frequency of daily coffee consumption were found to be related to the symptoms exhibited on state anxiety. There was no significant sex difference on the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption but a significant age difference in favour of younger respondent was recorded on frequency of coffee consumption. Various symptoms reported by the respondents confirmed the stimulating properties of caffeine.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 13-33
openalex: W2085203939 mag: 2085203939
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PROTECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISABILITIES IN AFRICAN PRISONS - Agomoh, Uju (2008)
openalex: W2910961244 mag: 2910961244
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Facilitating Students\' Attitude in the Concept of Heat Energy in Nigerian Senior Secondary School Physics Using Models, Realia and Instructional Charts - Akinbobola, Akinyemi Olufunminiyi; Ikitde, Godwin A. (African Research Review, 2008)
This study investigated the facilitating effect of models, realia and charts on students' attitude in teaching the concept of heat energy in Nigerian senior secondary school Physics. A total of 183 senior secondary two (SS2) Physics students constituted the sample. This study adopted quasi-experimental design in 4 co-educational secondary schools in Ife South Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Physics Attitude Scale (PAS) was used to collect the data and the coefficient of internal consistency for PAS was 0.85 using Cronbach alpha. The data collected were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that models were the most effective in facilitating students' attitude towards leaning Physics. This was then followed by realia while charts were found to be the least effective in facilitating students' attitude towards Physics learning. The results also showed an insignificant gender difference in the attitude of students towards Physics when taught with models, realia and charts. The results also indicated that the facilitating effect of instructional materials on students' attitude towards Physics is not the same at all levels of gender. It is recommended that charts should be used together with models/realia materials for the main lesson, revision and reference purposes. Keywords: Attitude, Heat Energy, Realia, Models, Charts.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 56-68
openalex: W1997333025 mag: 1997333025
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Challenges Associated with Teaching and Learning of English Grammar in Nigerian Secondary Schools. - Akinbode, J O (African Research Review, 2008)
This paper discussed the challenges which are associated with the teaching and learning of English Grammar in Nigeria secondary schools. Grammar is the spinal cord of any language and the user's mastery of it determines his competence and performance in the language. Furthermore, the factors which make teaching and learning of English Grammar a serious challenge were also discussed. Recommendations to make grammar teaching and learning less burdensome were also made.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 120-127
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Ensuring Effective and Efficient Teaching and Learning Religious Studies in Nigerian Schools Using Photographic Series - Alaba, Sofowora Olaniyi (African Research Review, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to find out the extent to which the use of photographic series with sound in teaching religious studies could enhance the performance of students in selected junior secondary school in Remo Educational zone. It also investigated the extent to which talking photographic series could enhance the retention and the attitude of the students. Two hundred students in JSSIII were selected from five secondary schools through simple random sampling technique. They were also randomly divided into 2 groups, the experimental and control groups. The study adopted the pre-test, posttest group design. The instruments used were a series of photographs with sound prepared by the researcher and the students containing “churches and its relevance to the society”, Religious studies Achievement Test (RSAT) and Attitude towards Religious Studies Questionnaire (ATRSQ). These instruments were validated using construct validity, difficulty and discriminating index. The reliability coefficient for the RSAT was found to be 0.75. The results showed that the use of photographic series in instruction significantly improved the performance of students in the subject. Secondly if effectively used, it can improve the retentive ability of students and finally, photographic series do not seen to have any statistical effect on the attitude of students towards the subject.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 69-81
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Identifying Morphological Impairment in Young African American English Speakers: Phase 1 - Burns, Frances A.; Marks, Rachel L. (2008)
Presented at the 2008 National Black Association for Speech-Language and Hearing Convention, Washington, DC, April 18, 2008.
openalex: W2414371209 mag: 2414371209
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A Study of Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Administrators in Kano State, Nigeria - Jaiyeoba, Adebola O.; Jibril, Mukhtari Ado (African Research Review, 2008)
This paper was concerned with studying the job satisfaction of secondary school administrators in Kano state, Nigeria. Survey design was used and a random sampling was used to select the study sample of 421 subjects used for the study. The Job Descriptive Index was used to collect data. Five hypotheses were raised in the study and the data collected was analysed using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference in male and female; public and private; rural and urban administrators' level of job satisfaction. Also, the study found that there was a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with years of experience as well as with age, marital status, school size and educational qualification.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 94-107
openalex: W2057560782 mag: 2057560782
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Library and information science education in Rwanda - Olaka, Musa (Library Review, 2008)
Purpose To provide an overview of library and information science education in Rwanda. Design/methodology/approach Description mainly through personal experience. Findings The history of library manpower development in Rwanda has been turbulent. Establishing the first ever formal library and information science program has had many challenges. However, graduates from the program are slowly and steadily changing the library landscape in Rwanda. Originality/value Library and information science education in Rwanda has not been well documented and particularly challenges in faced in establishing a formal library and information science program.
openalex: W1987718890 mag: 1987718890
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Value System and Standard of Education in Nigerian Third Generation Universities: Implications for Counselling - Omeje, Joachim C.; Eyo, Mfon (African Research Review, 2008)
This research was a correlation study of value system and standard of university education in third generation universities in South-South geopolitical zone. It sought to answer five research questions which were derived from the five specific purposes of the study. Five research hypotheses were also formulated and tested. A sample of 200 students were randomly drawn from the population of 7620 first year and final year undergraduates of the Faculties of Education of the University of Uyo and the Rivers state University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt. The instrument consisted of a Value Measurement Inventory (VMI) and the school record. The data was analysed using mean, Pearson Product correlation coefficient and ttest. The findings indicated a significant and positive relationship between the value system of the undergraduates and the standard of university education.African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 154-174
openalex: W1975082393 mag: 1975082393
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Linkages between Livelihood Opportunities and Refugee-Host Relations: Learning from the Experiences of Liberian Camp-based Refugees in Ghana - Porter, Gina; Hampshire, Kate; Kyei, Peter Ohene; Adjaloo, Michael; Rapoo, George; Kilpatrick, Kate (Journal of Refugee Studies, 2008)
Means of achieving productive relationships between long-term refugees and their local host populations continue to tax governments, international agencies, development practitioners and academics.The common problems of tension, animosity, even outright conflict, in refugee-host relations add a substantial burden to the numerous other logistical difficulties faced by those engaged in refugee relief.Moreover, attitudes are hardening in many countries where the refugee problem shows little sign of abating.This paper combines recent livelihoods approaches to refugee studies with a social resilience framework to explore the interlinkages between refugee-host relations and refugee coping strategies in the Buduburam camp in Ghana.The reported experiences of camp residents and of the people with whom they interact in their efforts to make a living (NGO staff, government officials, traders etc.) illustrate the complex interplay between personal networks, livelihoods and broader relations between refugee and host populations.We draw particular attention to language skills, diaspora linkages and the impact of illicit and/or innovative livelihood strategies of refugees.Despite the enormous emphasis refugees in the camp place on earning their own living, some groups are less able or less willing than others to build the social networks to the host population that might allow them access to regular employment.Other factors, including the massive size of the camp population, the deep poverty of Gomoa district where the camp is situated, and the mismatch between the urban character of the majority of the refugee population and local (agricultural) labour demand, contribute to less than optimal relations with the host population.
openalex: W2043765134 mag: 2043765134
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Evaluation and adaptation of a regional climate model for the Horn of Africa: rainfall climatology and interannual variability - Segele, Zewdu T.; Leslie, Lance M.; Lamb, Peter (International Journal of Climatology, 2008)
Abstract This study evaluates the ability of the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) version 3 Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) to reproduce the observed rainfall amounts and distribution over the topographically varied region of the Horn of Africa. Simulations are performed for the widespread very dry 1984 and locally very wet 1996 years using all of the alternative convective schemes available in the ICTP RegCM3. Extensive comparisons of simulations for 1984 and 1996 reveal that the Emanuel scheme best captures the rainfall patterns and interannual variations for the two extreme years over the Horn of Africa. This scheme therefore is selected for specific adaptation for the region, despite its excessive rainfall estimation there and its demonstrated deficiencies over other regions of Africa not of interest in this study. To reduce rainfall overestimation by the Emanuel scheme, several sensitivity experiments are performed by varying the key parameters that control the rate of convective mass flux, the fraction of condensed water converted to precipitation, and the heating and moistening characteristics of the environment. Results show that the amount of condensed water that ultimately falls out as rain crucially affects simulated rainfall amounts. With an appropriate adjustment to this key parameter, the excessive rainfall amount produced by the Emanuel scheme is reduced substantially. Furthermore, evaluation of RegCM3 simulations for 1982–1999 shows that the modified Emanuel convective scheme not only reproduces the 18‐year average rainfall realistically but also captures the interannual variability adequately over the Horn of Africa. The correlation between the modified Emanuel‐simulated and Ethiopian station rainfall is quite strong (+0.66). This customized ICTP RegCM3 model now can be used with confidence for the Horn of Africa to study regional rainfall processes and variability and to dynamically downscale seasonal rainfall forecasts. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
openalex: W2035604946 mag: 2035604946
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Internet awareness, accessibility and use by undergraduate and postgraduate students in Nigeria universities: a case study of LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria - Ajala, IO (Information Technologist (The), 2008)
openalex: W2067291065 mag: 2067291065
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Biochemistry and molecular biology in Morocco: Overview of scientific research and education - Baaziz, M. (IUBMB Life, 2008)
Just after independence in 1956, Morocco had only one university, the Mohamed V University, in Rabat, the capital of the country. In 2008, it boasts of 14 universities including a private institution. From the beginning of university education, programmes in biology at the Faculty of Sciences initially focused on natural sciences, in which biochemistry comprised one of many subjects. Given the general nature of this training, the Moroccan system produced nonspecialized graduates. Indeed, the major objective was to train a native teaching corps for secondary education to replace the mass of foreign teachers, which, until then, had been responsible for this level of education. Furthermore, at the onset of university education, scientific research activities were very limited with respect to biochemistry and molecular biology. Consequently, there was no return effect on the education in these disciplines. The development of biochemistry at each level of education together with scientific research is closely associated with the growth of the university system in Morocco over the last 40 years. This growth can be subdivided into two phases, one from 1957 till 2003 and the other from 2003 until the present day. The first phase was typified by “education for all” with a centralized system of management while the second was characterized by a reformed system, preceded by the appearance in 1999 of the National Charter of Education and pertinent law (01.00) on the organization of higher education. The second phase gave the Moroccan university a broad educational and scientific self-government and favored the development of specific programmes for education by reducing centralization. Higher education is now organized in modules, in which the time devoted to biochemistry and molecular biology may vary from one university to another. In many Moroccan universities, the first cycle includes two modules devoted to biochemistry, called “Structural Biochemistry – Enzymology” and “Metabolic Biochemistry – Molecular Biology”. Each module comprises an average of 90 hours, including 20% lab practice. In the second module, molecular biology covers 37% of the time allocated and includes 20% of lab practice. Programmes in the second cycle and the master's courses increasingly include more biochemistry in their curricula, such as analytical techniques and supplementary training. Scientific research in Morocco is still in its infancy for numerous reasons. Among these, of note is the lack of interest shown by the private sector in educational institutions and the many barriers between the distinct ministries and departments performing scientific research in Morocco. To enhance research opportunities in Morocco, a restructuring of this sector is essential. A survey carried out in 1995 by the National Centre of Scientific and Technical Research showed that only a part of the 4% of research units among a thousand in Morocco performs research in biochemistry and molecular biology. Even before the National Charter of Education in 1999, Morocco showed a clear need to develop scientific research and education in biochemistry and molecular biology. Indeed, in 1992 the educational body of our universities began to contemplate the development of an association. The fruit of this effort emerged in 1995 with the setting up of the Moroccan Society of Biochemistry, currently called the “Moroccan Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” (SMBBM, http://smbbm.org). The 10th anniversary of this association was held in 2005 and was marked by a series of activities. In addition to its association with the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) (signed on October 25, 2002), the SMBBM is also a member of the IUBMB. This widened field of international co-operation is the result of perseverance for more than 10 years, and has been consolidated through the organization of the last two international biochemistry congresses, one in Marrakech in 2004 and the other in Agadir in 2006. The permanent goal of the SMBBM is to associate its activities with those of other Societies of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. It was the case with the French Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2004 and the Spanish Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2006. Locally, SMBBM supports the promotion of education and research in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology. One example of an initiative taken by the SMBBM is an activity called “Caravan of Biochemistry,” which has helped to give local support to many scientists in nine towns in Morocco.In addition, by supporting young researchers, the SMBBM is faithful to its mission of promoting biochemistry and molecular biology in Morocco. The scientific research programmes involving biochemistry and molecular biology in Morocco are diversified. During the last two biochemistry congresses organized by SMBBM, in 2004 and 2006, communications related to “Biochemistry, biotechnology and natural substances,” “Biochemistry and environment,” and “Biochemistry and health” were the most represented. Also, many laboratories participated in a workshop on biotechnologies in Morocco, organized by the Society in 2005. These data show a growing interest in biochemistry and molecular biology with a tendency to their increased involvement in biotechnologies and environment. In the field of health, the Pasteur Institute of Morocco makes a significant contribution to several lines of research in biochemistry. Its recent involvement in a transverse research programme called “Plasmid Resistance to quinolones in Africa and in Asia” is evidence of this. The Institute has several laboratories, including specialized labs for tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, and AIDS. In Moroccan universities, techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology are applied to several domains, such as disease screening, genetic diversity labeling, and the study of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To support scientific research, between 2000 and 2004 Morocco set up several technical research units (UATRS), such as the Genomic and Proteomic Unit in Rabat, which started its activities in 2005. In addition, the established community of Moroccan researchers overseas constitutes a crucial human resource for the development of scientific research in biochemistry and molecular biology in Morocco. Exchange programmes and technology transfer initiatives are under way.
openalex: W2037522351 mag: 2037522351
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Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Retention of African American and European American Teachers in an Urban School District - Kearney, Janet E. (Education and Urban Society, 2008)
An urban school district developed strategies for recruiting and retaining minority teachers. Examination of data on teachers hired over a 3-year period found the retention rate for African American teachers was slightly higher than that of European American teachers. Teachers with at least 3 years' experience in the district were surveyed as to their satisfaction with various aspects of teaching. There was a significant difference by race on class size: African American teachers were more likely to be satisfied with it. African American men were least likely to be satisfied with salaries, benefits, and opportunities for advancement. High school and middle school teachers were less likely to be satisfied on several aspects of teaching than elementary teachers.
openalex: W2160249198 mag: 2160249198
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Tinea capitis among primary school children in some parts of central Nigeria - Ayanbimpe, Grace Mebi; Taghir, Henry; Diya, Abigail; Wapwera, Samuel Danjuma (Mycoses, 2008)
Summary Tinea capitis is the most common superficial mycosis in children of school age. Although it is of public health importance, it is not a reportable or notifiable disease; therefore, actual prevalence figures are unknown in many endemic areas. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of tinea capitis among primary school children in two states in central Nigeria, highlighting the main aetiological agents of the infection and possible predisposing factors. A total of 28 505 primary school children aged between 3 and 16 years were recruited for the study, from 12 primary schools in two local government areas of Benue and Plateau States of Nigeria. Of them, 796 had lesions, which were clinically suggestive of tinea capitis out of which 248 (31.2%) were confirmed positive by microscopy and culture. Tinea capitis was more frequent in males, 194 (78.2%) than in females, 54 (21.8%). Children aged 10–14 years, followed by 5–9 years were predominantly infected, with 106 (42.7%) and 100 (40.3%) respectively. There was a significant correlation between age group and occurrence of tinea capitis in the study population at 95% confidence level ( P = 0.004). Tinea capitis was significantly more frequent in Jos State (44.6%) than in Gboko State (23.2%) ( t = .659; 95% confidence level). The prevalence of tinea capitis was influenced by social and cultural habits of the areas rather than by population density. The aetiological agent of tinea capitis in the study population was Trichophyton soudanense , 76 (30.6%), followed by Microsporum ferrugineum , 19 (7.7%) and Microsporum audouinii , 19 (7.7%). Differences in aetiology were observed for Gboko and Jos, except for T. soudanense, which predominated in both areas. The high prevalence of tinea capitis in the areas studied may be attributed to frequent interaction with soil and animals and low level of health education on personal and environmental hygiene. Aetiological agents varied from one geographical area to another.
openalex: W2052984894 mag: 2052984894
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Impact Of Health Education On Secondary School Students\' Knowledge Of Hiv/Aids And Their Attitude Towards People Living With Hiv/Aids In Jos, Nigeria - Daboer, JC; Ogbonna, Chimaobi Samuel; Jamda, Abubakar Mustapha (Highland Medical Research Journal, 2008)
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the students\' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS as well as the impact of health education intervention on these. METHOD: A school-based interventional study using experimental and control design was carried out between May 2004 and January 2005 in Jos. A multi-staged sampling technique was used to select the study subjects in two Local Government Areas (L.G.A.s). One LGA was used as the experimental site while the other was used as the control site. A semi-structured self administered questionnaire was then used to determine the students\' knowledge and attitude to HIV/AIDS prior to the health education intervention. A total of 1246 students were recruited for the study at baseline and 1238 of them completed the study. RESULT: The male: female ratio was 1.1:1 in the experimental group and 1:1 in the control group. The mean ages of the students were 17.6  2.0 years in the experimental and 17.8  2.2 years in the control groups. There was a statistically significant improvement in the students\' HIV/AIDS knowledge after the intervention in the experimental group (p
openalex: W1987275219 mag: 1987275219
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Capacity building and school management development : a study of principles and practices of selected Norwegian and South African schools - Heerden, Van; Carolina, Cornelia (2008)
openalex: W24919826 mag: 24919826
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A comparative study of two Development Assistance Partnership Programmes for science education in Ghana and South Africa - Bukari, Zacchaeus (2008)
Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development))–University of Pretoria, 2008.
openalex: W2290725595 mag: 2290725595
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Security and Human Rights Training: One Company's Central African Experience - Chaouch, Adel; Curlee, Charles K.; McCabe, Bernard; Turner, Ima (All Days, 2008)
Abstract Oil companies with global operations typically embrace a range of codes endorsing the inherent value of human rights. These include the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN Global Compact and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights. Global oil companies also frequently work in frontier areas that may have past histories of alleged human rights abuses. Successful management at the local operations level can be critical to meeting the potential human rights challenges posed in many increasingly important petroleum producing areas of the world. This paper relates the steps taken to educate key company and contract employees regarding the fundamental value of human rights, as well as their responsibilities to ensure compliance with company codes, accepted principles and laws that pertain to human rights and security provisions for operations in Central Africa. The paper will outline the broad scope of the detailed training program developed in association with implementing participation in the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights: ▪Commitment to company codes and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR);▪Commitment to the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (Voluntary Principles);▪Overview of the Voluntary Principles, including participants, components, best practices and value of open dialog;▪Framework for Voluntary Principles implementation, emphasizing risk assessment; and▪Group work on a case study/scenario. Results from the training sessions conducted in 2006 and 2007 will be summarized. The benefits of interactions with government representatives and government security officials will also be highlighted. In addition, specific examples based on actual occurrences will illustrate how training on human rights principles and maintaining local awareness can help achieve improved human rights in frontier areas.
openalex: W2011045333 mag: 2011045333
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Iron Deficiency and Anaemia in Rural School Children in a Coastal Area of Morocco - Hioui, M. El; Ah, Ahmed Omar Touhami; Aboussaleh, Youssef; Rusinek, Stéphane; Dik, K.; Soualem, A. (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2008)
Iron deficiency anaemia is the major public health problem encountered in the world. In Children this trouble has deleterious consequences on the global health and weak cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency and its association with socio-economic and anthropometric parameters of the Schoolchildren in a rural coastal region of Morocco. 295 students between 6 and 16 years old composed the study sample. The level of Haemoglobin was measured in a sub group of 280 school children. The iron status was determined by ferritin level in serum. A questionnaire was developed to collect information on the socio-economic and demographic status of the family such as the size of household the working status of parents and their level of education. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 12.41 g/dl in boys and 12 5 g/dl in girls whereas the mean seric ferritin level was 26 7 microg/l in boys and 27 9 microg/l in girls. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 12 2 % and iron deficiency was found in 20.4 %. Serum ferritin (SF) serum iron concentrations and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly correlated with Hemoglobin There was an inversely significant relationship between education of the mother and anaemia in children (p=0.01) but not with gender nor parents employment. It is concluded that anaemia is relatively less prevalent in this study population. Further studies are needed to explore the dietary determinants of this situation. (authors)
openalex: W2033200192 mag: 2033200192
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Preliminary indications of climate-induced change in a warm-temperate South African estuarine fish community - James, Nicola C.; Whitfield, Alan K. (Journal of Fish Biology, 2008)
The fishes of the warm‐temperate East Kleinemonde Estuary (South Africa) have been sampled bi‐annually, in summer and winter, using seine and gillnets since December 1995 and a total of 19 families, represented by 38 species were recorded between December 1995 and July 2006. Indicative of a warming trend, six new species of tropical fishes ( Valamugil cunnesius, Valamugil robustus, Liza alata, Liza macrolepis, Glossogobius giuris and Terapon jarbua ) were recorded in the catches from 1999 onwards, with V. cunnesius and L. macrolepis recorded in catches almost every year after 2002. Mean annual sea‐surface temperatures recorded along the adjacent coast have been increasing during the past decade and this may have facilitated the southward extension of tropical marine fishes into the warm‐temperate biogeographic zone.
openalex: W2055781750 mag: 2055781750
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Severe Renal Dysfunction and Risk Factors Associated with Renal Impairment in HIV‐Infected Adults in Africa Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy - Reid, Andrew; Stöhr, Wolfgang; Walker, A. Sarah; Williams, Ian; Kityo, Cissy; Hughes, Peter J.; Kambugu, Andrew; Gilks, Charles F.; Mugyenyi, Peter; Munderi, Paula; Hakim, James; Gibb, Diana (Clinical infectious diseases, 2008)
We sought to investigate renal function in previously untreated symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with CD4(+) cell counts of <200 cells/mm(3) who were undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa.The study was an observational analysis within a randomized trial of ART management strategies that included 3316 participants with baseline serum creatinine levels of < or =360 micromol/L. Creatinine levels were measured before ART initiation, at weeks 4 and 12 of therapy, and every 12 weeks thereafter. We calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. We analyzed the incidence of severely decreased eGFR (<30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and changes in eGFR to 96 weeks, considering demographic data, type of ART, and baseline biochemical and hematological characteristics as predictors, using random-effects models.Sixty-five percent of the participants were women. Median values at baseline were as follows: age, 37 years; weight, 57 kg; CD4(+) cell count, 86 cells/mm(3); and eGFR, 89 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Of the participants, 1492 (45%) had mild (> or =60 but <90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and 237 (7%) had moderate (> or =30 but <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) impairments in eGFR. First-line ART regimens included zidovudine-lamivudine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (for 74% of patients), nevirapine (16%), and abacavir (9%) (mostly nonrandomized allocation). After ART initiation, the median eGFR was 89-91 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for the period from week 4 through week 96. Fifty-two participants (1.6%) developed severe reductions in eGFR by week 96; there was no statistically significant difference between these patients and others with respect to first-line ART regimen received (P = .94). Lower baseline eGFR or hemoglobin level, lower body mass index, younger age, higher baseline CD4(+) cell count, and female sex were associated with greater increases in eGFR over baseline, with small but statistically significant differences between regimens (P < .001 for all).Despite screening, mild-to-moderate baseline renal impairment was relatively common, but these participants had greatest increases in eGFR after starting ART. Severe eGFR impairment was infrequent regardless of ART regimen and was generally related to intercurrent disease. Differences between ART regimens with respect to changes in eGFR through 96 weeks were of marginal clinical relevance, but investigating longer-term nephrotoxicity remains important.
openalex: W2152470009 mag: 2152470009
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Capitalizing on Leadership Capacity: Gifted African American Males in High School - Bonner, Fred A.; Jennings, Michael; Marbley, Aretha Faye; Brown, Lesley A. (Roeper review, 2008)
Leadership is one of the most underemphasized dimensions of high ability cited in the current federal definition of giftedness. This particular ability area is highlighted here in an effort to offer helpful information and recommendations to administrators, educators, parents, and policymakers who seek plausible solutions to the problem of underidentification among gifted secondary African American male student populations. Key topics and issues addressed include definitions of giftedness, school context and environment, identity development, resilience, and leadership potential. The analysis concludes with practitioner- and researcher-focused recommendations.
openalex: W2151622760 mag: 2151622760
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Eclampsia - a 10 year review in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Jimoh, Ayodele; Akintade, O A; Bolagun, O R; Aboyeji, AP (Nigerian Hospital Practice, 2008)
openalex: W1979705975 mag: 1979705975
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Racial Identity, Centrality and Giftedness: An Expectancy-Value Application of Motivation in Gifted African American Students - Rodgers, Kelly A. (Roeper Review, 2008)
This article explores the interaction between racial and ethnic identity, racial centrality, and giftedness and then uses an expectancy-value motivation model as a framework for understanding how the interplay among racial identity, centrality, and giftedness contributes to the motivation of African American gifted students. The analysis begins by defining racial and ethnic identity and discussing their relationship to racial centrality. Next, the interactions among racial and ethnic identity, centrality, and some socio-emotional aspects associated with giftedness are examined. An expectancy-value model then provides a framework for understanding how race centrality, racial/ethnic identity, and giftedness influence the motivational patterns of gifted African American students. Suggestions for future research are provided.
openalex: W2012224113 mag: 2012224113
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Effect of State Funding of Higher Education on Research Output in South Africa - Villiers, Pierre de (65th International Atlantic Economic Conference, 2008)
openalex: W2956144881 mag: 2956144881
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Effects of Full and Quasi – Participatory Learning Strategies on Nigerian Senior Secondary Students’ Environmental Knowledge: Implications for Classroom Practice - Ajiboye, Josiah O.; Ajitoni, Sunday Olukayode (International journal of environmental and science education, 2008)
Environmental education is considered an appropriate intervention for creating awareness of, and an understanding of the challenges of environmental degradation. The introduction of EE into the Nigerian school curricular creates a challenge of how to teach it. A majority of the teachers still employ the old, traditional chalk and talk method. This study experimented with two modes of participatory strategies, the full and quasi participatory modes in teaching secondary school students in Nigeria some EE concepts. Three hundred and sixty students were randomly selected and assigned to the three treatment groups. Five hypotheses were tested at P<.05 and data was collected using a test instrument measuring students' understanding of the EE concepts taught. Findings from the study indicate that generally students taught using the participatory modes performed better than their counterparts in the conventional lecture group. However, between the two participatory modes examined, it was noted that students in the quasi participatory mode performed better than their colleagues in the full participatory group. An explanation of this could be that the quasi mode offers the learners a unique opportunity to work together in a more flexible way, to read, accept and internalize the basic environmental concepts. The implications of the findings for classroom practice were discussed in the paper.
openalex: W2138222229 mag: 2138222229
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The impact of trade on female labor and girls’ education in South Africa: a CGE analysis - Beyene, Lulit Mitik; Decaluwé, Bernard (2008)
In many parts of the developing world, children are required to perform household chores as natural parts of their roles in the household. Household work is highly time-consuming and often interferes with schooling. Our objective in this paper is two-fold. First, we illustrate how trade liberalization affects women’s and men’s market work, household work and leisure differently. Second, this paper reveals how such economic policies can influence parents’ schooling, household work and leisure decisions for their children. We build a macroeconomic framework that integrates both market and non-market activities distinguishing male and female workers on the one hand, and adult and child non-market work and leisure on the other. Our dynamic computable general equilibrium model distinguishes between girls’ and boys’ household work, education and leisure time. Parents’ decision regarding child work and schooling is influenced by perceptions of the costs and benefits of each option. Following this approach, we analyze the gender sensitive impacts of trade liberalization in South Africa. We find that gender inequality is likely to rise between adults and between boys and girls. Given the decrease in female skill premium, parents reduce girls’ education time and increase their household work. In contrast, as male skill premium increases, parents increase boys’ education time and reduce their household work. Leisure time is reduced for children in most households. Furthermore, we observe a direct substitution effect of children for parents in “Colored” households as the significant increase in adult male and female market labor supply is made possible through the substitution of children for adults in household work activities. A certain substitution effect also takes place in the three other household categories though this effect is mainly driven by changes in male and female skill premium. The widening gender inequality between boys and girls sustains in the long run.
openalex: W2966848493 mag: 2966848493
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Using Computer and Internet for Medical Literature Searching Among Medical Students in Hadramout University, Yemen - Ghouth, Bin; Salim, Abdulla (2008)
Background: Some researchers have observed that medical students used computer and internet for nonmedical purposes. Is this the case among medical students in a newly established medical college of Hadramout University in Yemen? Objectives: To assess the knowledge and usage of computer and internet among medical students of Hadramout University, find out the medical applications for which they use internet, and the factors that encourage the students to use computer and internet, with an emphasis on gender variations. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 102 randomly selected students from second to sixth year at the academic year 2005/2006 by using structured questionnaire of 23 items. Results: Seventy four students have computer at home (73%), 77 students use internet for general purposes (76.2%) and lesser use internet for educational and research purposes, with significant gender variations. The students opined that accessibility of internet in the college (84.2%) and training about online searching (74.3%) were the most expected factors to improve using of internet for medical research. Conclusion: Incorporating online search of medical literature in curriculum planning is essential to improve the student skills in research.
openalex: W70277044 mag: 70277044
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Transition to Retirement: Effect of Participation in Preretirement Education in Nigeria - Ogunbameru, Olakunle A.; Asa, Sola (Educational gerontology, 2008)
This study investigated the effect of preretirement education on the retirement transition plans of workers in Nigeria. The sample includes preretirees of Wema Bank PLC and the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority who participated in preretirement education workshops. The study shows that a majority of workers would prefer to retire at the normal age, but they fear that management can retire them at any time and for any reason. This fear was revealed by the concerns generated when participants received their letters of invitation for the preretirement workshop. The findings show that more than two-thirds (88.9%) of the workers agreed that preretirement education would assist them in their adjustment to retirement. The study concludes that preretirement education has the ability to generate positive changes in attitudes and habits as well as create positive preparedness. These benefits of preretirement education will facilitate the transition to retirement.
openalex: W2057412048 mag: 2057412048
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Computer Attitude, Ownership and Use as Predictors of Computer Literacy of Science Teachers in Nigeria. - Ogunkola, Babalola J. (International journal of environmental and science education, 2008)
This study investigated the effect of computer attitude, ownership and use on the computer literacy of science teachers in Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) science teachers drawn from the four political divisions of Ogun State, Nigeria were used for the study. Two valid and reliable instruments namely Computer Attitude, Ownership and Use Scale (CAOUS) and Computer Literacy Self Assessment Scale (CLSAS) were used to collect the needed data. Percentages, standard deviation and multiple regression statistics were employed for data analyses. The findings revealed that the science teachers have positive attitude towards computer. Also, a little above half of the science teachers had personal computers and not all the teachers used computers frequently. Finally, computer attitude, ownership and frequency of use jointly predicted the science teachers' computer literacy with the influence of computer ownership being the highest when considered individually. Suggestions based on these outcomes were presented in this paper.
openalex: W2112915125 mag: 2112915125
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Abuse of Children in West Africa: Implications for Social Work Education and Practice - Sossou, Marie‐Antoinette; Yogtiba, Joseph A. (British journal of social work, 2008)
This article discusses the pernicious problem of several abuses of children and the lack of professional social work programmes to address the problem in three West African countries of Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. Despite inaccurate statistical data, available public information reveals an alarming ascendancy of the problem in the region. Abuse and neglect of children in the sub-region has become a very serious issue of violation of human rights, social justice and violence against children, which demands a call for action on behalf of the children. The article outlined the various incidents of child sexual abuse, child trafficking, child marriage, Trokosi and neglect of disabled children in the sub-region. Poverty and traditional cultural practices have been discussed as the main causes of this phenomenon. The implications for social work education, policy, research and practice have been discussed in addition to a call for enforcement of legislations and mass education of citizens in the sub-region.
openalex: W2169259579 mag: 2169259579
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Influences of music education on the forming process of musical identities in South Africa - Heerden, Van; Marie, Estelle (2008)
openalex: W2118530298 mag: 2118530298
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African Philosophy of Education: The Price of Unchallengeability - Horsthemke, Kai; Enslin, Penny (Studies in Philosophy and Education, 2008)
openalex: W2021548422 mag: 2021548422
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A critical study of the implementation of the education decentralisation process and its effect on secondary schools in Botswana: a case of the South Central region - Masendu, Matlhoatsie Eunice (2008)
openalex: W1876034298 mag: 1876034298
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What do final year medical students at the University of Papua New Guinea think of psychiatry? - Muga, Florence; Hagali, Monica (PubMed, 2008)
This study was conducted in 2004 to determine whether there was any difference between final year medical students who had rotated in psychiatry and those who had not, in terms of their preference for psychiatry as a career and their attitudes towards mental illness. A self-rated questionnaire was given to all the final year medical students at the University of Papua New Guinea. The results showed that the medical students in general had a negative attitude towards psychiatry as a career option and, although they were accepting of the mentally ill in a professional setting as colleagues or patients, they had a negative attitude towards close social contact with them as neighbours or as in-laws. Several students believed mental illness could be caused by sorcery or by spending much time with the mentally ill. Most students believed mental illness could be treated by prayer, one in five believed in the effectiveness of traditional healers and one in five did not believe modern medicine could treat mental illness. Apart from a reduction in stigma and in prejudice against a mentally ill neighbour, there was no significant difference in attitude between students who had rotated in psychiatry and those who had not. There was no significant difference in attitude between male and female respondents. There were, however, significant differences in attitude between students who had a positive family history of mental illness and those who did not. It was concluded that psychiatry was an unpopular choice for specialization and that students' attitudes towards mental illness were influenced more by their cultural beliefs and their family history of mental illness than by their rotation in psychiatry. These external variables that are independent of their medical training need to be considered during undergraduate medical training in order to optimize the provision of health care to the mentally ill in Papua New Guinea.
openalex: W200631235 mag: 200631235
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Climate Change and Agriculture in Africa: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies - Dinar, Ariel; Hassan, Rashid M.; Mendelsohn, Robert; Benhin, James (2008)
Foreword * Introduction and Rationale * Study Objectives, Structure, Methodology, Organization and Countries Agroclimatic Conditions * Methods and Models Developed and Used in the Study * Results of the Country Analyses * Results of the Regional Analyses * Summary, Conclusions and Policy Implications * Index
openalex: W1549909674 mag: 1549909674
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“I have to be three steps ahead”: Academically Gifted African American Male Students in an Urban High School on the Tension between an Ethnic and Academic Identity - Graham, A. C.; Anderson, Kenneth A. (The Urban Review, 2008)
openalex: W2060381355 mag: 2060381355
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ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN THE FADAMA OF SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA | Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Open Education Resources (OER) - Lawal, A. F. (2008)
openalex: W3022812098 mag: 3022812098
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Spare a thought for students in Southern Africa - Publishing, AOSIS (The journal for transdisciplinary research in Southern Africa, 2008)
NO ABSTRACT AVAILIBLE
openalex: W4243178141
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An extension to the DRASTIC model to assess groundwater vulnerability to pollution: application to the Haouz aquifer of Marrakech (Morocco) - Sinan, Mohamed; Razack, Moumtaz (Environmental geology, 2008)
openalex: W2038816839 mag: 2038816839
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Level of maternal education and performance of Black, South African infants on the 1996 Griffiths Mental Development Scale - Cockcroft, Kate; Amod, Zaytoon; Soellaart, Bridgit (African journal of psychiatry, 2008)
Objective:The study compared the performance on the Griffiths Mental Development Scales of Black, South African infants with mothers who had twelve or more years of education and who were professionally employed with infants of mothers with fewer than twelve years of education and who were employed in non-professional jobs.Method: The sample consisted of 40 infants (aged 13-16 months), to whom the Griffiths Mental Development Scales was administered.Results: The infants with professional mothers performed significantly better than their counterparts with non-professional mothers on the General Quotient, as well as on the Locomotor Scale.While maternal level of education did not appear to distinguish between infants in terms of social, fine motor, language, hearing, processing speed or practical reasoning, it did discriminate in terms of gross-motor functioning.Conclusion: It is suggested that, as the infant develops, the skills assessed by the Griffiths Scales, which are initially differentiated, become increasingly interrelated.Consequently, poor gross-motor skills, which may be more likely in infants from a low socio-economic status, may have far-reaching implications.Thus, it is important to consider maternal level of education and the socio-economic status background of the infant, as this may influence overall performance on the Scales.
openalex: W2165872175 mag: 2165872175
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A ten year review of Paediatric HIV/AIDS among hospitalized children in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Fetuga, MB; Ogunfowora, OB; Oyegunle, Vivian; Thanni, L. O. A. (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2008)
openalex: W1973256998 mag: 1973256998
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A Regional Climate Modeling Study Over West Africa During the 2001-2006 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons - Korte, Kurt (2008)
openalex: W2519740347 mag: 2519740347
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Livestock and Global Climate Change, Rowlinson, P., M. Steele and A. Nefzaoui (Eds) Proc. of an International Conference held in Hammamet, Tunisia, 17-20 May, 2008Cambridge University Press. Published in 2008, pp. 216 ISBN 978-0-906562-62-8 (Animal genetic resources information, 2008)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
openalex: W1565083540 mag: 1565083540
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Modeling Students’ Intention to Adopt E‐learning: A Case from Egypt - Abdel-Wahab, Ahmed Gad (The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 2008)
Abstract E‐learning is becoming increasingly prominent in higher education, with universities increasing provision and more students signing up. This paper examines factors that predict students’ intention to adopt e‐learning at the Egyptian University of Mansoura. Understanding the nature of these factors may assist Egyptian universities in promoting the use of information and communication technology in teaching and learning. Data was collected through a survey of 258 first year business students at the University of Mansoura in Egypt. The technology adoption model is utilized in this study. Two more independent variables are added to the original model, namely, the pressure to act and resource availability. The results show that there are five factors that can be used in modelling students’ intentions to adopt e‐learning. These factors are attitudes toward e‐learning, perceived usefulness of e‐learning, perceived ease of e‐learning use, pressure to use e‐learning, and the availability of resources needed to use e‐learning.
openalex: W2772834602 mag: 2772834602
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Democratic Development and Prospects for Citizenship Education: Theoretical Perspectives on Sub-Saharan Africa - Abdi, Ali A. (Interchange, 2008)
openalex: W2071227483 mag: 2071227483
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Community Assumes the Role of State in Education in Stateless Somalia. - Abdinoor, Abdullahi (International Education, 2008)
openalex: W1508461604 mag: 1508461604
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Literacy Teaching Method and Peace Building in Multi-Ethnic Communities of Nigeria. - Adelore, Omobola; Majaro-Majesty, Henry Oluwasegunfunmi (Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 2008)
The challenge of peace building in Nigeria is increasing as communities continue to show adversary tendencies. This is happening even after many third party conflict transformation efforts have been expended to resolve and set a conducive climate for stakeholders to sustain peace. Some peace building assessment projects have indicated that the peace building process is not fully realised, which justifies exploring the place of literacy education in peace building. Since illiteracy has been identified as one major factor which promotes conflict and violence in Nigeria's multiethnic communities, the importance of functional literacy is further stressed. In this paper, a review of some adult education teaching theories is undertaken, and a model for literacy functionality - a transformative teaching paradigm for peace building called 'cemento-conscio education' - is developed.
openalex: W140786676 mag: 140786676
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Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria - Adeosun, Samuel O.; Solá, Orlando; Babalola, Oladipo O; Akanmu, Mosses A (Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 2008)
openalex: W2077721023 mag: 2077721023
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Habitat assessment for seasonal variation of river pollution in Ibadan, Nigeria, in a geographic information systems interface. - Adeyemo, Olanike Kudirat (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
More accurate spatio-temporal predictions of urban environment are needed as a basis for assessing exposure in environmental studies and to inform urban protection policy and management authorities. Using habitat assessment protocol, the author assesses the pollution status of rivers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data used include hydrographic feature data and habitat assessment data. These basic environmental components are the result of the integration of a wide range of relatively independent factors which enable a more complex analysis of the environment in urban areas. Geographic information systems were used for data management, input and output of data and visualisation. The pollution status of the inland rivers assessed during the rainy season (July to September) and dry season (October to March) in the eleven local government areas in Ibadan suggested that out of the twenty-two sample points, seven (31.8%) and six (27.3%) were slightly polluted and nine (40.9%) and ten (45.4%) were moderately polluted during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The environmental models are focused on the assessment of surface-water quality of habitat in relation to human activities. Although the models are calibrated and tested by application in the metropolitan area of Ibadan, the structure of this project is applicable to other similar areas.
openalex: W222885191 mag: 222885191
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Perceptions and practices on menstruation amongst Nigerian secondary school girls. - Adinma, ED; Adinma, J. I. B. (PubMed, 2008)
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst 550 secondary school girls in southeastern Nigeria to determine their perceptions, problems, and practices on menstruation. Majority of the students, (75.6%), were aged 15-17 years. Only 39.3% perceived menstruation to be physiological. Abdominal pain/discomfort, (66.2%), was the commonest medical problem encountered by the respondents, although 45.8% had multiple problems. Medical problems were most commonly discussed with the mother, (47.1%), and least commonly discussed with the teachers, 0.4%. Analgesics, (75.6%), were most commonly used to relieve menstrual pain. Only 10% of respondents used non-pharmacologic remedies. Unsanitary menstrual absorbents were used by 55.7% of the respondents. Menstruation perceptions are poor, and practices often incorrect. A multi-dimensional approach focusing on capacity building of mothers, and teachers on sexuality education skills; using religious organizations as avenues for sexuality education; and effectively using the Mass Media as reproductive health education channels are recommended towards improving adolescents' perceptions and practices on menstruation.
openalex: W1482409953 mag: 1482409953
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UPSiDE: Power and water for a Primary School in the Wakiso district of Uganda - Aguero, A.C. (2008)
The goal of the Ugandan primary school designed for the environment (UPSiDE) project was to provide users of a primary school in the Wakiso district of Uganda with potable water and with electricity. Team UPSiDE followed Gibsonpsilas six steps of systems analysis and expanded on them to include iterations of creating prototypes and testing. After alternative evaluation, Team UPSiDE worked to design a power system with photovoltaic panels, direct current, copper wires, and fluorescent lights, and a water system using rain collection, sand filtration, and solar disinfection. By April 2008, the designs will be completed and tested to meet all initial requirements so that construction of the primary school and the two systems can begin in the summer of 2008.
openalex: W2163417137 mag: 2163417137
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Alcohol and Substance Use Portrayals in Nigerian Video Tapes: An Analysis of 479 Films and Implications for Public Drug Education - Aina, Olatunji F.; Olorunshola, Derin A. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2008)
There is an observed increasing trend of substance use among the adolescents and young adults. One of the important aetiologies is "modeling" especially from popular artists portraying their use to the viewing public over the electronic media. Indigenous films on video tapes acted in English or "Yoruba" (a popular Nigerian language) were randomly selected from various retail outlets in Lagos for viewing. The settings were the Ikorodu and Ipaja suburbs of Lagos. The viewing audience in each center was made up of a researcher and two adolescent secondary school students. They were to make notes on each film with scenes of substance use, type, and nature of use. A total of 479 video tapes were studied over a 6 month period, of which 268 (55.9%) contained scenes portraying the use of one or more substances. Two hundred forty-seven (51.6%, N = 479) depicted the use of only one type of substance and the rest, 21 (4.3%, N = 479), portrayed the use of multiple substances. The commonest substance portrayed to be used was alcohol, 197 (41.1%, N = 479), followed by tobacco, 81 (16.9%, N = 479). Cannabis was shown to be used in only 3 (0.6%, N = 479); Cocaine and Heroin in 8 (1.6%, N = 479) of the films. There was no statistically significant difference on substance use portrayal between the home movies acted in English and Yoruba (chi2 = 32.8; df = 7 at p > or = 0.05). A significant number of films on video tapes in Nigeria portrayed substance use which could act as triggers or reinforcement for substance use among the viewing audience, especially adolescents and young adults. The need to censor video tapes on substance use portrayal was advocated.
openalex: W1987477196 mag: 1987477196
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Impact of Internship Training on Faculty of Agriculture Undergraduates of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Ajayi, Anuoluwapo O.; Okorie, Victor Ogbonnaya; Yusuf, Olayinka Jelili (Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2008)
ABSTRACT This study assessed the impact of internship training on undergraduates of agriculture in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The job aspirations and attitudes of preinternship and postinternship undergraduates toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training were compared and the students' preferred courses and reasons for studying agriculture were identified. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select an equal number of respondents from both preinternship and postinternship students; a pretested and validated structured questionnaire was used to elicit qualitative information from 130 respondents; frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data; one-way-ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses in order to make deductions from the data. The result of ANOVA revealed that at P ≤ 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences in the preinternship and postinternship students' attitudes toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training. However, at P ≤ 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in the job aspirations of preinternship and postinternship students. It was, therefore, concluded that the internship training changed only the attitude of postinternship students toward studying agriculture and participating in internship training, with no significant impact on the job aspirations of the students. Hence, the study recommended overhauling the internship training program through adequate funding, logistics, and curriculum revision; so as to enable it to attain its goals and promote improvement and retention of educated and able-bodied youth in the agricultural sector.
openalex: W2035584343 mag: 2035584343
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Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from blood culture, Gondar University teaching hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. - Ali, Jemal; Kebede, Yenew (PubMed, 2008)
Bacterial bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, with up to one-quarter of affected patients dying as a result of their infection. Up-to-date information on blood culture isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is very important as guide for immediate prescription of antimicrobial agents and monitoring of emergence of drug resistant strains.To determine the frequency of blood culture isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates in Gondar University teaching hospital.This was retrospective analysis of records of blood culture results for febrile patients seen at Gondar University teaching hospital, bacteriology section from March 2001 to April 2005.During the four years period, blood cultures were done for a total of 472 febrile patients. Among these, 233 (49.4%) were females and 239 (50.6%) were males. The median age was 20.5 years (age range of 2 hours to 78 years). Out of these, total of 114 bacterial strains were isolated with culture positivity rate of 24.2%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated with the highest frequency in 38 (33.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 34 (29.8%), Salmonella species other than Salmonella typhi in 12 (10.5%), Klebsiella species in 10 (8.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae in 6 (5.3%), Salmonella typhi in 4 (3.5%), Enterobacter species in 3 (2.6%), Escherichia coli in 2 (1.7%). The gram positive and gram negative bacteria constituted 80 (70.2%) and 34 (29.8%) of the culture isolates, respectively. Culture positivity rates vary as for neonates, 63% (17 out of 27);followed by 25.6% (36 out of 141) in children and 20% (61 out of 304) in adults. The isolates especially gram negative bacteria showed multiple drug resistance, to Ampicillin and penicillin. However, ciprofloxacin is fairly effective against both gram negative and gram positive isolates.An effective documented data may serve as a guide for initial empirical treatment of bloodstream infections but in view of these findings the presented data is only imperative to do large-scale prospective and quantitative studies. More importantly, an ongoing surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility is of the essence to enhance efforts to identify resistance and attempt to limit its spread.
openalex: W136606395 mag: 136606395
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Investigation of Environmental Noise Pollution Level of Abraka in Delta State, Nigeria - Anomohanran, Ochuko; Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A.; ., O. Oghenerhoro; Egbai, J. C. (Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 2008)
openalex: W1993026528 mag: 1993026528
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Recruitment and retention of teachers in basic schools in the Ahanta West district of Ghana - Anorvey, Vincent Yao (2008)
openalex: W2804503259 mag: 2804503259
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African American Parental Involvement in Their Children's Middle School Experiences. - Archer-Banks, Diane A. M.; Behar‐Horenstein, Linda S. (Journal of Negro Education, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence African American parents' involvement in their children's middle school experiences. Two focus group interviews were conducted with African American parents. While the participants viewed parent involvement as important, they reported that family structure and socioeconomic status, school personnel's expectations of parents, and the practices and policies of middle school personnel influenced their level of involvement. The participants suggested that: setting higher expectations for African American students, establishing flexible meeting locations, offering workshops for homework help at home, and creating cultures that believe parents care would likely increase African American parent involvement. Parental involvement is strongly associated with the academic achievement among African American students (Educational Testing Service, 2007; Epstein, 2001; Hill & Craft, 2003; Jarrett & Burton, 1999). Collaboration between parents and schools has become increasingly more important as society has recognized that schools alone cannot educate students (Epstein & Sheldon, 2006; Machen, Wilson, & Notar, 2005). Racial biases within schools have, however, dissuaded many African American parents from folly participating in their children's academic experiences. Typically, school personnel view African American parents as being uneducated and as a result interact with them in a negative manner (Lareau & Horvat, 1999). Accordingly, many African American parents have become critical of the school's agenda and unwilling to support or respect its goals and objectives (Williams & Baber, 2007). Teachers' responses become those of apathy and distrust when parents approach them to discuss these goals and objectives with regard to their children. Thus, when African American parents do try to become involved, reject their efforts, further widening the divide between African American parents and the school (Lareau & Horvat, 1999). The tendency to criticize schools and is more prevalent among working-class and poor African American parents than middle-class and affluent African American families. In addition, middle class African American parents are generally pleased with their children's education, while working-class African American parents tend to be more dissatisfied, often perceiving schools as being resistant to their involvement (Diamond & Gomez, 2004). Research suggests that typically African American parents are less engaged in their children's academic experiences than their White counterparts (Abdul-Adil & Farmer, 2006). Consequently, many educators do not believe that African American parents care about their children's (Thompson, 2003). However, Field-Smith (2005) found that although many teachers often perceive African American parents as uninvolved and disinterested in their children's education (p. 130), they valued the of their children and made it a priority in their lives (p. 133). Parents have the potential to increase school performance (Bowen & Bowen, 1998a, 1998b; Hango, 2007). Parents who talk with their children about school generally score higher on reading and mathematics tests (Bracey, 1996; Jeynes, 2005). Gutman and McLloyd (2000) found that parents of high-achieving African American students used various strategies to assist their children at home such as tutoring, additional academic work, and close monitoring of their children's homework schedule. They also held high expectations for their children's academic performance, supported their academic aspirations, were actively involved in their children's schooling, and maintained contact with school personnel. High-achieving African American parents also ensured that their children were actively involved in various types of community-based activities such as dance, art, music, and religious groups. …
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Climate change and coastal cities: the case of Mombasa, Kenya - Awuor, Cynthia Brenda; Orindi, Victor; Adwera, A. (Environment and Urbanization, 2008)
This paper discusses the risks that the city of Mombasa faces from the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. Mombasa is Kenya's second largest city and has more than 700,000 inhabitants. It is the largest seaport in East Africa, serving not only Kenya but also many landlocked countries and the north of Tanzania. The city has a history of disasters related to climate extremes including floods, which cause serious damage nearly every year and, often, loss of life. The floods in October 2006 were particularly serious, affecting some 60,000 people in the city and the wider province. In addition, around 17 per cent of Mombasa's area could be submerged by a sea-level rise of 0.3 metres, with a larger area rendered uninhabitable or unusable for agriculture because of water logging and salt stress. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy. Thus, sandy beaches, historic and cultural monuments and several hotels, industries and port facilities would be negatively affected. This paper also discusses the measures needed to reduce the vulnerability of Mombasa's population and economic base to climate change.
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The Liberia Project: Students Take History and Human Rights Into Their Own Hands - Benson, Paul (OAH Magazine of History, 2008)
Prefatory note: One of the joys of working in human rights is the courage you take from your colleagues along the way. The teachers and students of Chautauqua Lake Central School taught me more about teaching across the curriculum and the power of vision than any group with whom I have worked. Like Eleanor Roosevelt, they believed that rights could not be separated from responsibilities and that “without concerted citizen action,” human rights would “disappear.” Like Martin Luther King, Jr., they took courage from Africans who risked all they had to overthrow dictatorial power and establish a society grounded in human rights. When the teachers were too busy planning this year's human rights outreach to write this summary, I asked their colleague Paul Benson to recap their efforts to make history and human rights come alive in their school. Allida Black The United States and Liberia have a long, intricate history. It began with the American Colonization Society decision to base its colony of freed slaves throughout the African nation. It took a more contentious path when indigenous Liberians challenged their American-born counterparts, who quickly became the dominant political, economic and social authority. It escalated during the Liberian war for independence in 1847 and continued over the next one hundred and sixty years as the nation struggled to gain economic independence and overthrow violent rulers.
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Making African American Culture and History Central to Early Childhood Teaching and Learning. - Boutte, Gloria Swindler; Strickland, Jennifer (Journal of Negro Education, 2008)
This article provides a conceptualization for including African and African American history in early childhood classrooms. An example of a kindergarten teacher's efforts to counter negative depictions and frequently omitted information in her classroom is shared. While many early childhood educators avoid discussions of history because the content is considered to be too abstract, this article suggests that the children's backgrounds, the context, and teaching strategies used affect children's understanding of the information. While most early childhood teachers respect and honor all children, it is rare to find educators who express a strong and sustained commitment to children of color. Not negating the fact that all children should be valued, far too many educators still view children of color through the lens of European American children, and thereby, fail to see the strengths and beauty that they bring, or build on this largely untapped source of power (Boutte & Hill, 2006; Perry, Steele, & Milliard, 2003). For a number of complex reasons, not inherent to the children, families, and communities themselves (but beyond the scope of this article), African American children are arguably the ethnic group with the greatest and most consistent need in U. S. (Hammond, Hoover, & McPhail, 2005). They rank last behind every other ethnic group and, as noted by the secretary of Education, Margaret Spelling, . . too many African American students have been shortchanged by our nation's schools (How No Child Left Behind Benefits, 2005, p. 1). A primary factor in the continued existence of such inequities is a pervasive and rarely examined deficit perspective used to judge children of color (Boutte, 2002; Volk & Long, 2005). It is refreshing to find teachers, and in this case a European American, who view African American children through Africentric lenses. This article showcases one such teacher who uses promising practices in her classroom and who is likely to inspire others to do the same. It is jointly written by the teacher, Jennifer, and university professor, Gloria, who have collaborated on culturally relevant teaching for several years. This article begins with a few comments about Jennifer's background and her fascination with African American culture. Next, several aspects of her classroom techniques are shared followed by providing concrete examples of culturally relevant activities and strategies that Jennifer has used. Why, some may ask, is a European American early childhood teacher so committed to teaching about African American history and culture? As a child reared in the Southeast, Jennifer notes that she was taught to critically analyze every situation. However, her parents had completely opposite visions of what the world was like or how to address individuals who crossed their paths. Jennifer reminisces that her mother, also a teacher, instilled in her a respect for diversity. Her father, on the other hand, was not tolerant of differences. Both of her parents encouraged her honesty and genuineness and to treat every experience-whether positive or negative-as a learning experience. Leaning more toward her mother's perspectives, Jennifer has tried to keep an open mind and understand that everyone and everything has a purpose. Jennifer read studies on equity and education, and was moved by Jonathan Kozol's books, Savage Inequalities and Amazing Grace. In conjunction with her mother's influence, concepts addressed in these books laid the foundation for her commitment to her life's work of liberation through education. During her first few years of teaching in with populations that were 98% African American, Jennifer witnessed firsthand the educational inequities about which Kozol had so poignantly written. Her reflections led her to realize that her African American peers whom she had grown up with faced the same type of inequalities. At this point, Jennifer began to research the work of other scholars who had written about the dualities in and vowed to make a difference in her own classroom. …
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Daniel ParackaJr. The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone. New York: Routledge, 2003. ix + 324 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $135.00. Cloth. - Byaruhanga, Frederick K. (African studies review, 2008)
Daniel ParackaJr. The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone. New York: Routledge, 2003. ix + 324 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $135.00. Cloth. - Volume 51 Issue 1
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Cognitive and emotional facets of test anxiety in African American school children - Carter, Rona; Williams, Sandra; Silverman, Wendy K. (Cognition & Emotion, 2008)
Abstract This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate whether test anxiety (TA) can be conceptualised as a bidimensional construct consisting of cognitive and emotional facets in 152 African American school children, ages 8 to 13 years, M=9.98 years (SD=1.13 years); 54% girls. A two-factor model was determined a priori by classifying items from the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC; Sarason, Davidson, Lighthall, Waite, & Ruebush, Citation1960) as either “Cognitive” or “Emotional” as determined by independent raters. Results demonstrated distinct cognitive and emotional facets of TA can be meaningfully captured in African American school children. Results also demonstrated African American girls had higher mean scores than African American boys on both the Cognitive and Emotional factors specified by the TASC in the CFA model. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed with respect to the nature of TA in African American school children. Acknowledgements This research was supported by a Mid-career Development Award (K24 MH073696) from the National Institute of Mental Health to WKS and a Minority Mental Health Research Fellowship from the American Psychological Association to RC. We gratefully acknowledge the co-operation and contributions of the school children who participated in the research. Notes 1Although there have been a couple of recent studies that have examined the factor structure of TA in school children; neither study used the TASC (Lowe et al., Citation2007; Wren & Benson, Citation2004). 2Given Item 2 did not significantly load onto the cognitive factor; the two-factor model was re-specified so that Item 2 was excluded from the cognitive factor. We compared the re-specified two-factor model to the original two-factor model (in which Item 2 was included in the cognitive factor). The fit of the data was not appreciably altered with the exclusion of Item 2; therefore Item 2 remained in the cognitive factor.
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296: Using the Visual Analogue Scale for a Community-Based, Early Warning Drought Surveillance System in Southern Ethiopia - Chan, James; Aschkenasy, Miriam; Greenough, P. Gregg (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2008)
To describe the development of a community-based drought surveillance tool for southern Ethiopia using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and to describe the VAS as a novel method for measuring livelihood and public health changes in rural Ethiopia.
openalex: W2020434443 mag: 2020434443
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Providing information communication technology-based support to distance education students: a case study of the University of Zambia - Chifwepa, Vitalicy (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2008)
Student support is a major factor in distance education. This study was concerned with the use of ICT as a medium for providing student support at the University of Zambia. It was necessary to study the factors that would affect the application of ICT, in order to inform policy makers and managers of distance education which ICTs would be feasible within the context of the students of the University. A questionnaire was sent to 393 randomly selected students of the programme. The findings have shown that students had a positive attitude towards ICTs. However, access to the ICTs had an influence on the types that the students were willing to use for their studies. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science Vol. 18 (1) 2008 pp. 43-54
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Teaching Globalization, Globally: A 7-Year Case Study of South Africa–U.S. Virtual Teams - Cogburn, Derrick L.; Levinson, Nanette S. (Information Technologies and International Development, 2008)
This article reports on a project conducted from 1999–2006 that involved a substantial collaboration between South African and U.S. universities to build human capacity for the knowledge-intensive global economy through geographically distributed collaborative learning. The project used a highly interactive, rich media, synchronous and asynchronous learning environment to foster U.S.–South Africa student team learning. Particular attention was paid to the use of commercially available Web-based collaboration technologies that work well in both developed and developing country university settings. The study had one overarching research question: Can universities in developing as well as developed countries use a suite of commercially available Web-based collaboration technologies to successfully deliver an advanced global graduate seminar? Data for the study came from narrative evaluations and post-hoc surveys of student participants. Focusing on providing a model that can be used in disparate multidisciplinary and university settings, the article highlights both the technologies and the pedagogy that recognize cultural differences and cross-national collaborative opportunities in university settings.
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Reflections on the History of Black StudiesNoliwe M. Rooks, White Money/Black Power: The Surprising History of African American Studies and the Crisis of Race in Higher Education - Colón, Alan (Journal of African American History, 2008)
Previous articleNext article No AccessEssay ReviewsReflections on the History of Black Studies Noliwe M. Rooks, White Money/Black Power: The Surprising History of African American Studies and the Crisis of Race in Higher EducationAlan Col贸nAlan Col贸n Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 93, Number 2Spring 2008Discourses on Race, Sex, and African American Citizenship A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/JAAHv93n2p271 Views: 62Total views on this site Copyright ASALHPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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The renaming of the library school in Ghana: any lessons for administrators? - Dadzie, Perpetua S. (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2008)
The study examines the implications of the name change of the Ghana library school from the Department of Library and Archival Studies to the Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana. It also explores the relationship between the name change and the sudden increase in enrolment of students in the department. A cross-sectional survey approach was used to elicit information from some fourth year (level 400) Information Studies students of the 2006–2007 graduating year. An in-depth interview was also conducted with the Head of Department who initiated the name change. This was to find out the reasons why the change in name was recommended, the challenges encountered in soliciting this change and finally, with the benefit of hindsight, whether the change has been worthwhile. Findings from the study showed that the students were attracted to the Department by its name, and, they were anticipating studying computer-related courses. This perception has many implications for administrators of the Department. The study recommends, among others, a review of the curriculum and strengthening of the human and technical resources of the department. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science Vol. 18 (1) 2008 pp. 33-42
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Critical perspectives on teacher education in neo-liberal times: experiences from Ethiopia and Namibia - Dahlström, Lars; Lemma, Brook (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2008)
Critical perspectives on teacher education in neo-liberal times : Experiences from Ethiopia and Namibia
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﻿Adapting To Climate Change In Africa - Denton, Fatima; O’Neill, Mary; Stone, John Marshall (Development outreach, 2008)
No AccessAgricultureApr 2008﻿Adapting To Climate Change In Africa﻿The role of research and capacity developmentAuthors/Editors: Fatima Denton, Mary O'Neill, John M.R. StoneFatima DentonSearch for more papers by this author, Mary O'NeillSearch for more papers by this author, John M.R. StoneSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1020-797X-10-1_38SectionsAboutPDF (0.2 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Discusses the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa program, which aims to establish a self-sustained African body of expertise on adaptation through capacity development and strengthening institutions. Previous articleNext article FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Volume 10Issue 1April 2008Page: 38-40ISSN: 1020-797X Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsAfricaRelated CountriesEgypt, Arab Rep.NigeriaSenegalSouth AfricaTurkmenistanRelated TopicsAgricultureEducationEnvironmentHealth Nutrition and PopulationRural Development KeywordsADAPTATIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURECLIMATE CHANGECURRICULUM DEVELOPMENTFARMERSGENDERHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN HEALTHINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYKNOWLEDGE SHARINGLEADERSHIPLEARNINGLIVELIHOODSMODELINGRECOGNITIONSCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGEUNIVERSITIESVULNERABLE GROUPS PDF DownloadLoading ...
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Desert varnish and petroglyphs on sandstone – Geochemical composition and climate changes from Pleistocene to Holocene (Libya) - Dietzel, Martin; Kolmer, H.; Pölt, Peter; Šimić, Sanja (Geochemistry, 2008)
Desert varnish of pristine sandstone and petroglyph surfaces from Takabart Kabort (Naturalistic Bubaline Art School) and Alamas (Tanzina Art School) can be well classified by their (SiO2+Al2O3):MnO2, Al2O3:SiO2, and P2O5:CaO ratios. Specific ratios are due to the occurrence of clay minerals like illite, kaolinite, smectite, and feldspar, quartz, carbonates like calcite and dolomite, manganese oxyhydroxides, and apatite. Their occurrence corresponds to the local origin and composition of the primary aeolian material. In general, the analyzed desert varnish shows lamination patterns characterized by alternating MnO2-rich and -poor layers (⩽25 wt% MnO2) at rather constant iron oxyhydroxide content (6 wt% Fe2O3). Varnish on non-engraved surfaces exhibits three MnO2-rich layers, whereas varnish-coated petroglyphs reveal minor lamination patterns corresponding to the dating of petroglyphs by rock art. The older Naturalistic Bubaline Art School petroglyphs (about 6–4 ka BP) and the younger Tazina Art School petroglyphs (about 3.8–3 ka BP) contain only two and one MnO2-rich layer, respectively. It is assumed that the occurrence of such microlaminations is caused by climate changes in North Africa. Three humid periods are discerned from the Terminal Pleistocene to Holocene in the literature. Such periods are suitable to induce manganese accumulation by biotic and abiotic processes. Accordingly, the distinct lamination patterns gained from this study verify the dating of petroglyphs by rock art. From another point of view, classification of the above petroglyphs may be provided by analyses of microlaminations independently on cultural historical aspects.
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Unjust waters: climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa - Douglas, Ian; Alam, Kurshid; Maghenda, Maryanne; Mcdonnell, Yasmin; Mclean, Louise; Campbell, Jack H. (Environment and Urbanization, 2008)
Many of the urban poor in Africa face growing problems of severe flooding. Increased storm frequency and intensity related to climate change are exacerbated by such local factors as the growing occupation of floodplains, increased runoff from hard surfaces, inadequate waste management and silted-up drainage. One can distinguish four types of flooding in urban areas: localized flooding due to inadequate drainage; flooding from small streams within the built-up area; flooding from major rivers; and coastal flooding. ActionAid undertook participatory vulnerability analysis in five African cities, to explore local people's perceptions of why floods occur, how they adjust to them, who is responsible for reducing the flood risk and what action the community itself can take. While local people adapt to floods, recognition of local, national and international governments' and organizations' responsibility to act to alleviate flooding and its causes, especially the consequences of climate change, is urgently needed.
openalex: W2003710375 mag: 2003710375
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Unjust waters: climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa - Douglas, Ian; Alam, Kurshid; Maghenda, Maryanne; Mcdonnell, Yasmin; Mclean, Louise; Campbell, Jack H. (Environment and Urbanization, 2008)
Many of the urban poor in Africa face growing problems of severe flooding. Increased storm frequency and intensity related to climate change are exacerbated by such local factors as the growing occupation of floodplains, increased runoff from hard surfaces, inadequate waste management and silted-up drainage. One can distinguish four types of flooding in urban areas: localized flooding due to inadequate drainage; flooding from small streams within the built-up area; flooding from major rivers; and coastal flooding. ActionAid undertook participatory vulnerability analysis in five African cities, to explore local people's perceptions of why floods occur, how they adjust to them, who is responsible for reducing the flood risk and what action the community itself can take. While local people adapt to floods, recognition of local, national and international governments' and organizations' responsibility to act to alleviate flooding and its causes, especially the consequences of climate change, is urgently needed.
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The periodontal treatment needs of Libyan school children in Kufra and Tobruk. - Fanas, Salem H. Abu; Omer, Suleiman M; Jaber, Mohamed; Thomas, Sam (Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology, 2008)
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine the oral hygiene and periodontal status in a large sample of Libyan school children and to establish baseline data for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out in 2015 Libyan school children aged 7 to 16 years. The clinical examinations included measurement of oral hygiene status, gingivitis, periodontal pocket depth, and evaluation of periodontal treatment need. The correlation between these variables was analyzed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the boys and girls in oral hygiene status. The overall mean gingival score for the total study sample was 0.05. In children (15 and 16 years old) from rural areas, 4.9% had signs of periodontal pocketing; the comparable figure for both urban and rural areas was 4.1%. Only 4% of 15 and 16 year old children were found to require complex periodontal treatment. CONCLUSION Though the oral hygiene index was generally good, some of the children had mild gingival inflammation and periodontal pocketing.
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295: Efficacy of a Didactic First Aid Course for Orphanage Teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Fihe, E.L.; Fox, Ian; Ramenaden, Emeline Radhika (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2008)
The efficacy of a childhood injury recognition, management and prevention workshop was evaluated among primary school teachers at the orphanage-based Joshua Youth Academy near Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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The effect of student presence on the behaviour of guinea pigs in an educational setting - Forslund, Morris A.; Farrell, Mary Beth (2008)
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Using Computer and Internet for Medical Literature Searching Among Medical Students in Hadramout University, Yemen - Ghouth, Abdulla Salim Bin (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
openalex: W4388555932
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Majallat Rawdat al-ma‘arif: Constructing Identities within a Boys' School Journal in Mandatory Palestine* - Greenberg, Ela (British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2008)
This article examines the role of Majallat Rawdat al-ma‘arif, a journal produced by teachers and pupils in a private boys' school in Mandatory Palestine, its place within the context of the local Arabic press, and the means it used to construct identities among its readers. Although Majallat Rawdat al-ma‘arif was one of many school journals that paralleled the development of the daily press in Palestine, this journal sought a much more influential and serious role than other school journals by reflecting on issues of identity. Through discussions on Islam, Arabic language, and descriptions of trips made throughout Palestine, the journal articulated a set of complex and overlapping identities, from pan-Arabism, pan-Islamism, and local territorial nationalism. In addition, Majallat Rawdat al-ma‘arif rejected western culture by criticising the missionary school, and unlike the other school journals, most of which belonged to missionary schools, did not advertise western goods nor praise Jewish immigration and British colonialism.
openalex: W1971136967 mag: 1971136967
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Parasitiosis in handicapped children in an Egyptian blind asylum. - Gt, El-Sherbini; Mf, Aboul Noor; Mm, Hegazi (PubMed, 2008)
Examination of visually handicapped children and their serving staff revealed in a descending order Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Cryptospodium parvum, Tricocephalus trichura and Strongyloides stercoralis. Head lice were encountered. But, neither blood parasites nor protozoan infective agent in water for human consumption.
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School Attendance and Educational Enrollment for Maternal Orphans in Zimbabwe: An Instrumental Variables Approach - Gundersen, Craig; Kelly, Thomas J. (Journal of African development, 2008)
openalex: W4210487718
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What can we learn from the history of psychiatry in Africa? - Gureje, Oye (European Psychiatry, 2008)
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Educational Jeopardy and Its Impact on Inclusive Education: A Critical Ethnographic Account from a Remote Ethiopian High School. - Hussein, Jeylan Wolyie (Journal of Negro Education, 2008)
This article reported accounts of educational jeopardy in ABC Secondary School (pseudonym) in eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected through school and classroom observations and from the reflections of schoolteachers, school administrators, school pupils, and University student teachers. The critical ethnographic research approach used in this study revealed that there was real student disengagement during the learning process. The article pointed out the historical base of blaming students for disengagement in the educational processes in the classroom and their other untenable behaviors. The article argued that stating students are unwilling or unmotivated to learn was one aspect of explaining problems as caused mainly due to the deficiencies of the victim and seeking solutions in changing the victim rather than addressing the core cause of the problem. INTRODUCTION The article attempted to provide readers with multiple accounts of educational jeopardy in a remote Ethiopian high school, some challenging historical trajectories of the school and the socioeconomic realities that surround its day-to-day educational activities. The name of the school is ABC Senior Secondary School (hereafter, ABC). THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK There are factors that impede inclusive education. Today, inclusive education has become a firmly established policy imperative. It is the entitlement of learners to quality education, irrespective of their social, economic, cultural, or ethnic differences or dispositions. It is about embracing educational values of equity, diversity, and social justice (Ainscow, 2000; Moran, 2007). Inclusive education, therefore, is about integrating the marginalized into mainstream education and preparing them to be active participants in the social, political, educational, and social affairs of their society. It is also concerned with how to understand and tackle the educational disparities and inequalities framed along the lines of ethnicity, culture, language, religion, gender, and class vis-avis the dominant school and community cultures, attitudes, stereotypes, and practices that jeopardize the equity, voice, and agency of learners (Lindsay, 2003). There are five general concerns of inclusion. The first concern of inclusive education is disability and special needs. The main aim of this type of inclusive education is to protect children and adults who are discriminated against due to their observable physical or mental impairments. The second concern is with disciplinary exclusions. This type of inclusion is about how to reduce the number of children who are pushed out of schools due to their disciplinary misconduct and it aims at attracting those students back to the school. The third concern of inclusive education is for all groups vulnerable to exclusion. For example, this is done through overcoming discrimination and segregation of some groups on the basis of their ethnic, class, gender, or regional origins. The fourth concern of inclusive education is the promotion of a school for all. This type of inclusion relates basically to the development of common schools and to ensuring working educational and institutional practices that enable learners to attain a comprehensive education. Incorporating learners in the school system and engaging their minds in the learning process and also recognizing their linguistic, educational, and attitudinal uniqueness and their effect on the integration can be grouped under this category. The final category is inclusion as education for all and targets at developing education within communities. As one can see, there are no razor sharp distinctions between the divisions of inclusion. For example, the final division, which is education for all, can subsume the rest of the divisions (Ainscow & Cesar, 2006). In this article the author emphasized that inclusive education is part and parcel of putting inclusive values into education, human relationships, and the learning process. …
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ADMINISTERING EXAMINATIONS FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: The National Open University of Nigeria Perspective - Ibara, Emmanuel C. (2008)
Examination is an important tool for evaluating students learning outcome and require proper planning to meet high standards. This paper therefore examines the processes leading to administration of face-to-face examination in distance education with focus on the National Open University of Nigeria. It highlighted some procedures such as test development, test administration and post test administration/award procedures. It also identified some quality control practices adopted in administering examinations at the National Open University of Nigeria, and concludes that quality control in examinations is the means by which an educational institution ensures that test development and administration procedures meet high standards.
openalex: W2163220107 mag: 2163220107
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T10-O-11 The influence of religion on the sexual behaviour of female secondary school adolescents in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria - Inyang, M. (Sexologies, 2008)
The objective of this study was to find out the influence of religion on the sexual behaviour of female secondary school adolescents in Port Harcourt metropolis. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Two thousand and ten participants were used as sample for the study. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the participants. Descriptive statistics of simple percentages and frequency counts were used in analyzing the data collected and ANOVA was used in testing the hypothesis. Decision rule was set at 0.05 alpha level. The total number of respondents were Christians by religion were 96.8%, 1.8% belonged to Islamic religion and 1.4% were of the traditional religion. A greater proportion of the respondents were religious, 1499(74.6%) out of 2010 were religious while also 1254(62.4%) respondents’religion did not tolerate premarital sex. Adolescents who were traditionalists had the highest sexual behaviour (mean = 10.14) followed by Christians (mean = 9.63) while the Muslim adolescents had the lowest sexual behaviour (mean = 8.78). Religion was found to have a significant effect on adolescents'sexual behaviour (F (2,2007) = 4,911; p<.05). The study revealed that religion has a significant influence on sexual behaviour. Religion should therefore serve as a useful tool in educating the adolescents against premarital sexual activities while also emphasizing on the associated consequences.
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Factors affecting the career choice of undergraduates in Nigerian library and information science schools - Issa, Amal; Nwalo, K.I.N. (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2008)
It has been observed that not many undergraduates of Nigerian universities apply to study library and information science (LIS) in the first instance but as a last resort. This situation is unwholesome for the future of LIS profession in Nigeria. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the low preference for library and information science as a first-choice course of study by the undergraduates of Nigerian library schools. The survey research design was adopted, with the Career Choice Influence Questionnaire, as the main data collection instrument. In all, 1,228 students from eight Nigerian university library schools participated in the study. The study revealed that majority of the students did not make LIS course their first choice, but ended up in the library school as a last resort. However, 38.4% who chose the course were influenced mostly by previous library work experience. Available sources of information on the course include parents/relations (29.9%) and peers (9.20%). There are slightly more male LIS students (50.3%) than females (49.7%), indicating its equal popularity among both sexes. That 46.9% of them were in the 22-26 age bracket showed that the younger undergraduates constitute the majority. The study concludes that despite the evidence of improved popularity of the programme among the respondents, it remains largely unpopular among prospective undergraduates in Nigeria, when compared with such other courses as accountancy, medicine and law. The paper recommends that public awareness about the profession and the programme be intensified by all stakeholders if it must attract some of the best brains in the country who can meet the challenges of the profession in Nigeria. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science Vol. 18 (1) 2008 pp. 23-32
openalex: W1604272863 mag: 1604272863
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Private Secondary Education in Uganda: Implications for Planning - Jacob, W. James; Holsinger, Donald B.; Mugimu, Christopher B. (Teachers College Record, 2008)
openalex: W200834796 mag: 200834796
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Private Secondary Education in Uganda: Implications for Planning - Jacob, W. James; Holsinger, Donald B.; Mugimu, Christopher B. (Teachers College Record, 2008)
Purpose of Study A fundamental question for educational planners and policy makers is which secondary school providers are most efficient in raising student learning for the most youth, given an available level of resources. Considerable attention has been devoted in recent years to the proposition that private providers offer efficient alternatives to government-financed and administered secondary schools. This study examines the rise of private secondary schools in Uganda and calculates a unit cost estimate for representative samples of secondary schools, both private and government. Setting A unit cost analysis was conducted among 28 randomly selected secondary schools in Uganda. Research Design A national sample of secondary schools was stratified in three ways. First, schools were selected according to the type of school, allowing half of the sample to be government schools and the other half private schools. A second stratification involved urbanicity, so both urban and rural schools were included in adequate numbers to allow subsequent comparison. Finally, the school sample was stratified by the four primary geographic regions in Uganda: Central (n = 10), Eastern (n = 6), Northern (n = 6), and Western (n = 6) Regions. All findings are based on analysis of sample survey data derived from randomly selected administrators, teachers, and parents of students. Using secondary school leaving examinations as the measure of effect, the article examines the relative cost effectiveness of private and government schools. Results Private schools in Uganda appear to be attractive, low-cost alternatives to government secondary schools. Per-pupil spending is significantly related to learning achievement, regardless of whether a student attends a private or government school. Thus, if higher performance is the desired ultimate student outcome, additional spending will be required. For their per-pupil cost, this article shows that private schools produce good learning gains—better, in fact, on a dollar basis, than government schools. Conclusions/Recommendations Unit cost data, when combined with reliable and valid measures of student learning achievement, are helpful to policy analysts and policy makers in determining the most efficient use of money. Although the comparatively high unit costs of government schools in this study are affected by the inclusion of capital costs, there is strong evidence to support the contention that private schools are a cost-effective alternative to government schools in the provision of general secondary education. Recommendations for future research include extending the analysis beyond the comparison of costs and examination scores by also considering the intangible component gains of schooling experiences in both private and government schools.
openalex: W4300448611
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Challenges Faced By Regular School Teachers in Handling Hard-Of-Hearing Learners in Inoi Zone: Kirinyaga District: Kenya - Jane, Muthoni Muriithi (2008)
A Research Report Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3210887294 mag: 3210887294
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Evaluating the Effects of Vocational Training in Africa - Kingombe, Christian (2008)
More and better data are needed to monitor and evaluate the impact of vocational training on economic growth and poverty reduction. Labour market observatories can help align training systems to labour market needs. Analysis of youth unemployment is essential before investing in expensive training schemes.
openalex: W1537465097 mag: 1537465097
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Evaluating the Effects of Vocational Training in Africa (based on the "African Economic Outlook 2008"), OECD Development Centre Policy Insights, No. 61. - Kingombe, Christian (OECD Publishing (NJ1), 2008)
openalex: W2569827896 mag: 2569827896
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The role and constraints of head teachers in guidance and counseling of students in Eldoret east district (Kenya) - Kipkoech, Kipsang Meja (2008)
A research report submitted to institute of open and distance learning of Kampala International University in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of bachelor of education.
openalex: W2998521823 mag: 2998521823
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Education in Burkina Faso at Horizon 2025 (Special issue: Schooling for tommorrow in developing countries: post-millennium development goals schooling) - Kouraogo, Pierre; Dianda, Ambroise Y. (国際教育協力論集, 2008)
openalex: W619771629 mag: 619771629
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Trajectories of restructuring : the changing context for initial teacher education in South Africa - Kruss, Glenda (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2008)
The article aims to illustrate the complexity of institutional restructuring dynamics in distinct South African university contexts, in order to highlight the challenges posed for the initial teacher education system. It focuses on education faculties and schools that have undergone successive waves of internally and externally mandated change over the last ten years. The first section demonstrates that there is a simple and a complex form of merger, characterized by varying degrees of integration, subordination or cessation of the former institutional configurations. This means that at the micro-level, in planning and implementing their initial teacher education programmes, some institutions are faced with reconciling diverse groups of academics with distinct histories, expertise and commitments. The second section of the article attempts to delineate the impact on initial teacher education programmes and curriculum. The article concludes with a consideration of the challenges for the relationship of teacher education providers with the National Department of Education, with institutional leadership and within faculties or schools.
openalex: W2262823353 mag: 2262823353
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Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho. - Lin, Hung-Chih; Naidoo, Sudeshni (journal of the South African Dental Association, 2008)
Traumatic dental injuries are widespread in the population and the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among school children in different parts of the world varies from about 3% to 45%. Most injuries involve the anterior teeth, which may lead to eating restrictions, changes in physical appearance, speech defects and psychological impacts that affect the child's quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence, aetiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisor teeth was 9.3% (13.3% boys and 6.3% girls). Significantly more boys than girls suffered injury. The most common type of injury was enamel fractures and most common cause was falls. Health promotion policies should aim to create an appropriate and safe environment for children. Soft playground surfaces, school-crossing patrols, marked zebra crossings and bicycle lanes would help create a safe environment. Speed limits for cars and the use of seat belts, air bags, special car seats for children and bicycle helmets should be enforced. Mouth guards should be used when playing sport, in particular contact sports. Education regarding the epidemiology of dental injuries and their prevention through health promotion may play a major role in reducing the prevalence of dental injury and avoiding the financial costs of treatment, especially in developing countries. Language: en
openalex: W1536079547 mag: 1536079547
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Evaluation of Forage Crops Lucerne (medicago Sativa), sainfoine (onobrychyis Vicifolia) Egyptian Clover (Trifolium Alexandrinum) to Drought Stress - mahmouadabadi, Hossein Shamsi; Hosseini, Seyd Reza Mir (한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집, 2008)
openalex: W2236351055 mag: 2236351055
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Towards collaboration rather than cooperation for effective professional development of teachers in South Africa : insights from social practice theory - Maistry, Suriamurthee Moonsamy (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2008)
Recent curriculum policy change has increased the demand for continuing professional development of teachers in South Africa. Support for teachers has been fragmented. This has resulted in the formation of informal teacher learning communities. This article explores the potential of a 'community of practice framework' for teacher learning in a South African education context characterized by the marked absence of teacher development programmes in areas of need. It draws on case study data from the TEMS teacher development project and from published reports of the PLESME teacher development study. Of note is that both studies adopted tenets of social practice theory in their design. The article argues that the challenge for teacher developers is to develop, through empirical studies and sound theoretical foundations, plausible models for the continuing professional development of teachers. One such approach that offers a challenging possibility is that of teacher communities of practice. The article suggests that social practice theory provides a framework for useful and meaningful insights and as such offers much potential for continuing professional development of teachers in South Africa.
openalex: W1185394058 mag: 1185394058
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Metallothionein levels in Algerian mice (Mus spretus) exposed to elemental pollution: An ecophysiological approach - Marques, Cátia; Gabriel, Sofia I.; Pinheiro, Teresa; Viegas-Crespo, Ana Maria; Mathias, Maria da Luz; Bebianno, Maria João (Chemosphere, 2008)
The potential use of metallothioneins (MTs) as biomarkers of trace metal contamination was evaluated for the first time in the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus). Mice were collected seasonally in an abandoned mining area (Aljustrel) and in a reference area, both located in southern Portugal. MT levels were quantified in liver and kidney by differential pulse polarography and hepatic elemental concentrations (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) were determined by particle-induced X-ray emission. Hepatic iron and selenium concentrations were elevated in mice from Aljustrel mine when compared to reference animals. MTs levels were averagely higher in mice from Aljustrel than those originated from the reference area. A season-dependent significant effect was found on the hepatic and renal MT concentrations, characterized by higher levels in winter and lower in autumn. In contaminated mice positive relationship between liver elemental contents (Cu in autumn and Fe in winter) and MTs were found. The seasonal variation of MT suggests that probably physiological and environmental factors could influence hepatic and renal MT induction. Results seem to imply that some environmental disturbance occur in the vicinity of the Aljustrel mine. Therefore, for the management purposes MT levels should be followed in liver of M. spretus, especially in winter. Furthermore, other physiological factors that could influence MT expression and turnover in Algerian mouse should also be monitored.
openalex: W2079382093 mag: 2079382093
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Development of Astronomy Education and Research in Africa - Martinez, Peter (2008)
openalex: W3115851141 mag: 3115851141
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Training needs, practices and barriers in the work of community reproductive health workers in Masindi district, Uganda - Martinez, Ruby; Vivancos, Roberto; Visschers, B.A.J.T.; Namatovu, L; Nyangoma, Edith; Walley, John (Tropical Doctor, 2008)
SUMMARY Community reproductive health workers play a valuable role in family planning counselling and the distribution of contraceptive methods in rural communities. However, they face stigma, misconceptions and a lack of support. Regular supervision by health workers and support from community leaders can help address these issues.
openalex: W2113202871 mag: 2113202871
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Mapping an HIV/STD prevention curriculum for Zambian in‐school settings - Mpofu, Elias; Lawrence, Frank R.; Ngoma, Mary Shilalukey; Siziya, Seter; Malungo, J.R.S. (International Journal of Psychology, 2008)
HIV/AIDS poses grave risk to human development in sub‐Saharan Africa. Evidence‐based interventions that are rooted in local culture could help efforts to prevent threats to human development from HIV/AIDS. We used concept mapping (Concept System, 2006 ) to construct the components and content of a locally developed HIV/AIDS curriculum for use by secondary schools in Lusaka, Zambia. Participants were school counsellors ( n = 14), youth health program officers ( n = 7), and regular education teachers ( n = 3) from the education, health, and youth development agencies in Lusaka, Zambia (males = 11; females = 13; mean age 38; SD = 15 years). Concept mapping yielded six statement clusters defining preliminary components of a locally grounded in‐school HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum and the content items that define these components: (1) life skills education (18 items), (2) sexuality and reproductive health (10 items), (3) treatment, care and support (13 items), (4) counselling (12 items), (5) basic facts about HIV/AIDS (11 items), and (6) dissemination of information about HIV/AIDS (11 items). Zambian locally constructed constructs for an HIV/STD prevention curriculum overlap those promoted by public health programs in the country and internationally.
openalex: W2059753952 mag: 2059753952
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Measurement of Education as Analytic Variable in HIV Research in Africa - Muula, Adamson S (Croatian medical journal, 2008)
Education as a research variable is favored by researchers because, in part, it is easy to get a response about it from study participants. Editors, reviewers, and readers of articles also expect that researchers report at least something on the “education” of study participants. It is also customary that the first table of an article presents the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants, in which the variable “education” is included. In epidemiologic modeling, it is almost always expected that the “effect” of education or control for this variable is included. Authors who do not describe their study participants with regard to their education, stand the risk of being queried as to why they missed such an important variable. Furthermore, in the discussion section, the educational differences are discussed as they may explain the differences or lack of differences in outcome measures between the groups.
openalex: W2006958120 mag: 2006958120
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A Systematic Approach: A Solu²tion to Algerian Higher Education - Nadia, Daghbouche Nadia Daghbouche (2008)
openalex: W2922871460 mag: 2922871460
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Attitudes Toward Psychiatry: A Survey of Medical Students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya - Ndetei, David M.; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca; Kuria, Mary Wangari; Mutiso, Victoria; Syanda, Judy; Kokonya, Donald (Academic Psychiatry, 2008)
openalex: W2110188636 mag: 2110188636
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Causes of gas gangrene seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Nwankwo, O. E (Tropical Doctor, 2008)
SUMMARY Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) is rarely seen and this rarity, coupled with its dramatic presentation and often devastating outcome, makes each case of gas gangrene a spectacular and memorable experience. This study analyses the cases managed, the causes and outcome. Gunshot wounds, compounded by late presentation with its accompanying florid infections, were seen as the causes in 14 cases of gas gangrene seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu during the four-year study period from July 2000 to June 2004.
openalex: W1991491206 mag: 1991491206
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TOWARDS RETHINKING LEGAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - Oba, Abdulmumini A (Journal of commonwealth law and legal education, 2008)
Legal education in Nigeria derived inspiration from England but the legal terrain in Nigeria is very different from that of England. Law in Nigeria is a pluralistic affair; not only the imported common law but also Islamic law and a large host of ethnic‐based customary laws play important roles. What emerges from this is a fertile ground for conflicts and tensions which have characterised law and legal education in Nigeria. This paper addresses some of the problems relating to legal education in the country and focuses essentially on the problems arising from legal pluralism, the competition between the academic and vocational aspects of legal education, the process of accreditation of law faculties, the issues of qualifications of law teachers, and the need to decolonise law and legal practice in Nigeria.
openalex: W2085999703 mag: 2085999703
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Climate Change, Population Drift and Violent Conflict over Land Resources in Northeastern Nigeria - Obioha, Emeka E. (Journal of Human Ecology, 2008)
In the recent times, due to the increasing rate of global warming, the northeast region of Nigeria has been experiencing continuous climatic change characterized by drastic reduction in rainfall, increase in the rate of dryness and heat, which makes it a fast growing arid environment, with depletion in the amount of water, flora and fauna resources on the land. In response to the pastoral and arable farm occupational needs of the people, there has been continuous population drift southward where there are more fauna, flora and water resources. Following the above, an important question that needs to be addressed is how has the pressure over scarce resources consequent to climatic change led to communal civil violent conflict in the area? And what have been the patterns over the years? Against this background, this work focuses on investigating the chain of interactions between climate change, population drift and pressure, and conflict over land resources. Specifically this article addresses the nature of communal civil violent conflicts in the northeast area of Nigeria, the extent to which continuous climate change has contributed to the scenario, the patterns of the climatically induced violent conflicts, the major actors and the policy implications of the conflict in the sub region. Among other theoretical orientations, this discourse anchors on and utilizes the Toronto School of Environmental Scarcity and Conflicts paradigm in examining what obtains in the study area. However, it went step further to present a fair critical overview of the weakness and strength of the theoretical postulation of “ecoviolence” of the Toronto school as amplified by Homer-Dixon, his associates and other scholars in the field of conflict analysis
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Ethnic, Women's, and African American Studies Majors in U.S. Institutions of Higher Education - Olzak, Susan; Kangas, Nicole (Sociology of Education, 2008)
African American Studies, Ethnic Studies, and Women's Studies programs in higher education have received wide support from faculty members and students, yet few programs offer a major or have tenure-line faculty positions. Our analysis used sociological theories to generate testable implications about the chances that an institution will offer these majors. We found that the relevant size of students' and faculty's demographic profiles reflect the chances that these majors will be offered. Moreover, institutions that offer Women's Studies programs are significantly more likely also to offer majors in Ethnic Studies and African American Studies, but this effect is asymmetric.
openalex: W2096230705 mag: 2096230705
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Student Rights and Misconduct in South Africa: A Balancing Act - Oosthuizen, Izak; Rossouw, J.P. (International Journal of Educational Reform, 2008)
The current emergence of a human rights culture in South African educational practice has direct bearing on the approach to learner misconduct in public schools. A variety of landmark court cases are discussed here that deal with, inter alia, the school governing body's right to delegate certain powers, the occasional withdrawal of learners’ privileges, and the acknowledgment of students’ cultural and religious rights. Regarding serious misconduct, it is important to note that despite a single student's constitutional right to basic education, circumstances may occur where the rights of the law-abiding majority of the student body outweigh the right of a misbehaving student.
openalex: W14928646 mag: 14928646
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Who are we missing? Teacher graduate production in South Africa, 1995-2006 - Paterson, Andrew; Arends, F. (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2008)
This article analyses teacher production in South Africa between 1995 and 2006. It synthesizes an in-depth analysis of enrolment and graduate data drawn from the South African Higher Education Management Information System with available literature in the field. The article first presents an overview of enrolment and graduation trends in initial professional education and training and in continuing professional development of teachers, thus generating a trend analysis of overall teacher graduate production for the decade. This serves as the platform from which to draw attention to a serious decline in the numbers of African women enrolled in IPET. In considering what has brought about this pattern, the article draws attention to the impact of the closing of the former colleges of education on teacher production. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the social contexts that inform the movement of potential candidates from their households to teacher training institutions.
openalex: W1894501385 mag: 1894501385
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Keeping abreast of changing times and demands in education : implications for teacher education in South Africa - Pretorius, F.J. (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2008)
Since the late 1980s large-scale education reforms have been introduced in various countries in response to increasing pressure to induce change aimed at rectifying the deficiencies in the transmission of knowledge, skills and values required by modern economies. Teachers as well as their trainers have often been singled out as scapegoats for the ills of societies. A barrage of criticism has been levelled at teacher training because of the stubborn refusal of some in the teacher training sphere to question the old orthodoxies and embrace different approaches. However, internationally and locally teachers complain about numerous endemic problems, including a culture that devalues education in many ways, unmotivated learners, a lack of public support and violence in schools. Teachers often feel that teaching in public schools has become a 'living hell'. In this article research findings are highlighted that record the response of education systems to the stated situation, with specific reference to how they have modified teacher education. In the light of findings about overseas developments, conclusions concerning judicious future approaches to teacher education are presented. Envisaged strategies include formal partnerships between teacher training personnel and identified reform-minded partner schools, a more rigorous core curriculum in undergraduate programmes, and intensively supervised and extensive clinical experiences. Some critical research questions are proposed as it was found that a revitalization of research with regard to teacher education in particular is necessary.
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The criminological significance of peer victimisation in public schools in South Africa - Prinsloo, Johan (Child abuse research in South Africa, 2008)
School violence in the form of peer victimisation in public schools is a universal problem and a source of social concern because it is counterproductive and a violation not only of basic individual rights, but also of the scholastic institution's educational and social goals. This study examined the incidence and nature of peer victimisation in the Tshwane south area in South Africa to explore reasons for peer victimisation and the psychosocial consequences thereof, and to draw attention to the criminological significance of peer victimisation. A purposive sample of 1 873 learners participated in the study in the form of a self-report survey drawn from eight secondary, and two special schools, in the Tshwane south district in Gauteng, South Africa. Self-report incidents of peer victimisation included acts of verbal, physical, and relational aggression.
openalex: W1838953636 mag: 1838953636
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Sexual behaviour and condom use among university students in Madagascar - Rahamefy, Onja Holisoa; Rivard, Mélina; Ravaoarinoro, M.; Ranaivoharisoa, Lala; Rasamindrakotroka, A.; Morisset, R (SAHARA-J, 2008)
Although the number of known HIV-infected students in Madagascar increased significantly between 1989 and 1995, very little is known about student behaviour with regard to AIDS. The study objectives were: to describe Malagasy students' sexual behaviour and condom use; to document students' perceptions about condoms; and to study the relationships between students' socio-demographic characteristics, their perceptions about condoms, and their condom use. The survey used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at the Antananarivo's university campus sites. Anonymous questionnaires were self-administered to 320 randomly selected students. Descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the predictors of condom use. Participants' average age was 24 years. Approximately 80% of the participants reported sexual experiences, and the average age at sexual debut was 19 years. Only 5.7% reported consistent condom use. Common reasons for non-use were steady relationships (75.6%), the perception that condoms were useful only during ovulation periods (8.7%), and the decrease of pleasure (6.4%). The predictors of condom use were male gender, and the perception that condoms were useful during ovulation periods. Risky sexual behaviours with regard to AIDS were prevalent in this community. An HIV prevention programme is recommended.
openalex: W2167298198 mag: 2167298198
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Education in Eritrea: Developmental Challenges - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
The ongoing national reconstruction process of Eritrea is centered on educational reformation. The government of Eritrea placed educational policy on top priority for national development which demands the emergence of new class of trained youth blended with disciplined minds and skills instead of raw graduation. It had established about eight colleges at tertiary level within a short span of time to build human resource required for the present and future. In line with this, it laid down new policies and curricula suit to the immediate national scenario. This article analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the educational policies, planning and the infrastructure requirements to meet the intended goal. It explored and analyzed Eritrean educational development and its key challenges. It also provided some useful insights for policy development. The data for the study were mainly collected from the reports of Ministry of Education and other colleges in Eritrea. The outcome of the educational reformation is expected to have a profound effect in the development of the country.
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A consensus of skills and procedures that residents need to learn in South Africa. - Rodnick, Jonathan E (Family Medicine, 2008)
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Everyone has the Right to Education - Y. G.-M. Lulat. A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2005. xii + 624 pp. Bibliography. Index. $129.95. Cloth. - Cati Coe. Dilemmas of Culture in African Schools: Youth, Nationalism, and the Transformation of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ix + 241 pp. Photographs. Maps. References. Notes. Index. $20.00. Paper - Tekeste Negash. Education in Ethiopia: From … - Samoff, Joel (African studies review, 2008)
Everyone has the Right to Education - Y. G.-M. Lulat. A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2005. xii + 624 pp. Bibliography. Index. $129.95. Cloth. - Cati Coe. Dilemmas of Culture in African Schools: Youth, Nationalism, and the Transformation of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. ix + 241 pp. Photographs. Maps. References. Notes. Index. $20.00. Paper - Tekeste Negash. Education in Ethiopia: From Crisis to the Brink of Collapse. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006. 54 pp. References. €12. Paper. - Ali A. Abdi and Ailie Cleghorn, eds. Issues in African Education: Sociological Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. xvi + 320 pp. Tables. References. Index. $65.00. Cloth - Volume 51 Issue 1
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A structural ricardian analysis of climate change impacts and adaptations in African agriculture - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
This paper develops a Structural Ricardian model to measure climate change impacts that explicitly models the choice of farm type in African agriculture. This two stage model first estimates the type of farm chosen and then the conditional incomes of each farm type after removing selection biases. The results indicate that increases in temperature encourage farmers to adopt mixed farming and avoid specialized farms such as crop-only or livestock-only farms. Increases in precipitation encourage farmers to shift from irrigated to rainfed crops. As temperatures increase, farm incomes from crop-only farms or livestock-only farms fall whereas incomes from mixed farms increase. With precipitation increases, farm incomes from irrigated farms fall whereas incomes from rainfed farms increase. Naturally, the Structural Ricardian model predicts much smaller impacts than a model that holds farm type fixed. With a hot dry climate scenario, the Structural Ricardian model predicts that farm income will fall 50 percent but the fixed farm type model predicts farm incomes will fall 75 percent.
openalex: W3124153085 mag: 3124153085
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A Ricardian Analysis of the Distribution of Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture Across Agro-Ecological Zones in Africa - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert; Dinar, Ariel; Hassan, Rashid M.; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
This paper examines the distribution of climate change impacts across the 16 agro-ecological zones in Africa using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization combined economic survey data from a Global Environment Facility/World Bank project. Net revenue per hectare of cropland is regressed on a set of climate, soil, and socio-economic variables using different econometric specifications with and without country fixed effects. Country fixed effects slightly reduce predicted future climate related damage to agriculture. With a mild climate scenario, African farmers gain income from climate change; a more severe scenario, they lose income. Some locations are more affected than others. The analysis of agro-ecological zones implies that the effects of climate change will vary across Africa. For example, currently productive areas such as dry/moist savannah are more vulnerable to climate change while currently less productive agricultural zones such as humid forest or sub-humid zones become more productive in the future. The agro-ecological zone classification can help explain the variation of impacts across the landscape.
openalex: W3122458275 mag: 3122458275
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Differential adaptation strategies to climate change in African cropland by agro-ecological zones - Seo, S. Niggol; Mendelsohn, Robert; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep; Dinar, Ariel; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
This paper quantifies how African farmers have adapted their crop and irrigation decisions to their farm's current agro-ecological zone. The results indicate that farmers carefully consider the climate and other conditions of their farm when making these choices. These results are then used to forecast how farmers might change their irrigation and crop choice decisions if climate changes. The model predicts African farmers would adopt irrigation more often under a very hot and dry climate scenario but less often with a mild and wet scenario. However, farms in the deserts, lowland humid forest, or mid elevation humid forest would reduce irrigation even in the very hot and dry climate scenario. Area under fruits and vegetables would increase Africa-wide with the very hot and dry climate scenario, except in the lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zone. Millet would increase overall under the mild and wet scenario, but decline substantially in the lowland dry savannah and lowland semi-arid agro-ecological zones. Maize would be chosen less often across all the agro-ecological zones under both climate scenarios. Wheat would decrease across Africa. The authors recommend that care must be taken to match adaptations to local conditions because the optimal adaptation would depend on the agro-ecological zone and the climate scenario.
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