The Training Institutions of Black African Clinical Psychologists Registered with the HPCSA in 2006 - Pillay, Anand; Siyothula, Evy-Terressah Busisiwe (South African Journal of Psychology, 2008)
The investigation was undertaken to provide an indication of the number of black African clinical psychologists in the country and the institutions that have trained them. The register of Psychologists of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) was examined to analyse (1) the number of black Africans registered as clinical psychologists, and (2) the universities that trained them. Methodologically this was a challenging exercise, since black African clinical psychologists had to be identified by their names, with the result that a margin of error is expected, albeit rather small. A total of 325 black African clinical psychologists were identified in the HPCSA registers up to November 2006, reflecting 14.2% of all registered clinical psychologists in the country. Fifty-nine (18.2%) of the 325 were trained in the years up to 1994, while the rest (266 or 81.8%) were trained in the years following the official demise of apartheid. Almost one out of six was trained at the Medical University of Southern Africa (Medunsa), which together with the University of the Witwatersrand trained over one quarter of the black African clinical psychologists registered at the time. In total, the historically black universities trained 153 (47.1 %), but in the post- apartheid period from 1995 they trained the majority (136 or 51.1%). The results are discussed in terms of their implications for future training and the broader needs in South Africa.
openalex: W2316123800 mag: 2316123800
Keywords: openalex:import

Risky Sex Behaviors among African American College Students: The Influence of Alcohol, Marijuana, and Religiosity - Poulson, Ronald L.; Bradshaw, Scott D.; Huff, Jacqueline M.; Peebles, Levi L.; Hilton, Doreen B. (North American Journal of Psychology, 2008)
Young adults represent one of the fastest growing groups of new HIV infections in the United States (Labrie, Schiffman, & Earleywine, 2002). Recent data suggest that African Americans represent approximately 74% of heterosexual diagnoses of HIV (CDC, 2004). Rates of newly reported HIV infections in North Carolina were higher in black men in all age groups compared with white men overall (CDC, 2004). The CDC's (2004) data showed that between 1998 and 2002 there was a statistically significant increase in HIV infections among black men between the ages of 18-24. This considerable increase ranged from 65 per 100,000 population in 1998 to 92 per 100,000 in 2002. Based upon results of a blind study conducted at 19 American universities, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that 1 in 500 college students are infected with HIV. A critical question about HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among African-American college students is: What influence do alcohol and marijuana consumption have on their willingness to engage in risky sex behaviors; and thereby, increasing students' chances of contracting HIV or other STDs? Tantamount to this question is: What influence does religion have on students' decision-making about consuming alcohol and/or marijuana and engaging in risky sex behaviors? Consistent with research conducted by Cooper (2002), risky sexual behaviors are defined as those sexual behaviors that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes associated with such sexual conduct. This definition of STD's includes, but is not limited to, HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis. For the purpose of the present study, risky sex behaviors refer to high frequency of sexual behavior, high frequency of unprotected sex while sober, high frequency of unprotected sex while intoxicated, high frequency of giving and/or receiving oral sex, high number of sex partners in the past year, and frequent exploring of non-traditional sexual behaviors. The present study was designed with three major purposes in mind. First, we sought to estimate the incidence of risky sex behaviors, in relation to alcohol and/or marijuana consumption, within a predominantly African-American college student population. Second, understanding that a number of factors in addition to alcohol and/or marijuana may increase or decrease a student's willingness to engage in risky sex behaviors, we elected to examine how self-professed religiosity influenced African-American students' use of alcohol and/or marijuana and their engagement in risky sexual activity. Third, we sought to examine the interrelationship among alcohol and/or marijuana consumption, religiosity and risky sex behaviors in this same college student population. A number of studies (e.g., Abbey, 2002; Engs, 1977; Carlucci, Genova, Rubackin, & Kayson 1993; Cooper, 2002; Desiderato & Crawford, 1995; Leigh & Stall, 1993; Poulson, Eppler, Satterwhite, Wuensch, & Bass, 1998; Taylor & Fulop, 1999; Wechsler, & Wuethrich, 2002) have examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sex behaviors among college students. The general findings of these studies suggest that alcohol consumption plays a key role in influencing risky sex behaviors (Cooper, 2002; Leigh & Stall, 1993; Poulson, et al., 1998). For example, Taylor and Fulop's (1999) study shows how alcohol may be used among college students to facilitate their sexual experiences. Cooper's (2002) study supports the previous findings (e.g., Taylor & Fulop, 1999) by revealing that almost fifty percent of participants stated, they may increase their amount of alcohol consumption in order to make it easier to have sex and also increase the likelihood that their partner would agree to the act. Other research (i.e., Graves, 1995; Poulson et al., 1998; Sanchez, Comerford, Chitwood, Fernandez & McCoy, 2002) indicated that those who consume alcohol may have more sexual partners than students who do not consume alcohol. …
openalex: W86509850 mag: 86509850
Keywords: openalex:import

Any Color of the Rainbow—As Long as It's Gray: Dramatic Learning Spaces in Postapartheid South Africa - Prentki, Tim (African Studies Review, 2008)
Abstract: This article addresses the issue of the relationship between contemporary South African politics and the type of socially committed theater that might be capable of mounting a critique of those politics. The author highlights the contradictions between the aspirations of the Freedom Charter and the realities of subscribing to the neoliberal world order. His contention is that any theater form that is seeking cultural intervention must find a way of representing contradiction if it is to remain true to the experiences of its audiences and its participants. Such a representation can be achieved through a combination of Bertolt Brecht's praxis in relation to contradiction and current practices in Theatre for Development, which themselves draw upon aspects of the antiapartheid resistance theater.
openalex: W1971178422 mag: 1971178422
Keywords: openalex:import

Playing School in Mauritius - Rajkomar, Sraddha Shivani; Gupta, Anthea Fraser (International Journal of Multilingualism, 2008)
openalex: W4237329859
Keywords: openalex:import

Achieving Academic Excellence through Higher-Order Cognition in an African Language: Students Researching "Small Talk" in Sesotho sa Leboa. - Ramani, Esther; Joseph, Michael (Perspectives in Education, 2008)
In 2002 in a special issue of Perspectives in Education on multilingual education, we outlined the thinking underlying a proposed dual-medium degree (in Sesotho sa Leboa and English) at the then University of the North. This article theorises the experience of teaching and learning since 2003 when the degree, BA in Contemporary English and Multilingual Studies (BA CEMS), was first launched. We do this by describing the curricular structure of the degree, and by analysing how students researched 'Small Talk' in a first-year module taught in Sesotho sa Leboa. We use Cummins' four-quadrant model to show how the learners are supported in their efforts to deploy higher-order thinking and to produce Sesotho sa Leboa of a Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) level. The pedagogy used is discussed and an example of a student's academic writing in Sesotho sa Leboa is provided.
openalex: W2569562568 mag: 2569562568
Keywords: openalex:import

Validation of the Arabic Version of the Oswestry Disability Index Developed in Tunisia for low back pain patients in the UAE - Ramzy, Raafat (2008)
Introduction The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in United Arab Emirates (UAE) is estimated to be about 57% in males and 64% in females. Low back pain is commonly treated by primary care physicians and physiotherapists in the UAE. are increasingly used for clinical assessment, to demonstrate and reflect on the effectiveness of an intervention. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is Self-reported outcome measure that widely used and recommended for LBP. ODI Arabic version was developed and validated in women population. To date no UAE Arabic version of the ODI exists which has been cross-culturally adapted, validated and published in the peer-reviewed literature. . Objective The objectives are, to cross-culturally adapt the Arabic version of the ODI developed in Tunisia to devise a pre-final ODI-UAE Arabic version; to pre-test the pre-final ODI-UAE Arabic version in a target group of patients to devise the final ODI-UAE Arabic version; and to determine the reliability and construct validity of the final ODI-UAE Arabic version. Study design Culture adaptation, reliability and validity testing. Methodology The cross culture adaptation of the ODI Arabic version developed in Tunisia was performed in accordance with the published guidelines. For reliability 108 clients of UAE nationals with LBP were consecutively selected and completed the final ODI-UAE Arabic version, at baseline and 48 hours, and test–retest reliability and internal consistency were calculated. For validity 108 completed the final ODIUAE Arabic version, VAS, and the Squat test at baseline and 4 weeks follow up;
openalex: W2159221607 mag: 2159221607
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparison of Two School-Based Smoking Prevention Programs among South African High School Students: Results of a Randomized Trial - Resnicow, Ken; Reddy, Priscilla; James, Shamagonam; Omardien, Riyadh G.; Kambaran, Nilen S.; Langner, Heinrich George; Vaughan, Roger; Cross, Donna; Hamilton, Greg; Nichols, Tracy R. (Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2008)
BackgroundSmoking rates are projected to increase substantially in developing countries such as South Africa.
openalex: W2092821950 mag: 2092821950
Keywords: openalex:import

Regional Body-wave Tomography Reveals a Linear Deep-seated Low-velocity Zone Beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line - Reusch, A. M.; Nyblade, A. A.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Tibi, Rigobert; Shore, P.; Euler, G. G.; Bastow, I. D. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2008)
openalex: W3122646144 mag: 3122646144
Keywords: openalex:import

An Alternative model to achieve communicative competence in English at the Burundi teacher training institute(IPA) - Rwamo, Alice; Kwon, Sungho; Lee, Jeongeun (학습과학연구, 2008)
The purpose of this study is building a model to develop communicative competence in the teaching of English language to teacher trainees in Burundi. Communicative abilities for teacher trainees have to be developed at the same time as linguistic and pedagogical skills. This supposes finding a series of procedures and principles a teacher trainer needs to follow while teaching English. The model takes its inspiration from the best practices used at the College of Education at Hanyang University. We developed alternative model for pre service training to achieve communicative competence by applying ADDIE. The model has two approaches integrative approach and buddyl/mento approach. It is possible to work out a model that can allow both teachers and learners to develop communicative competence with no immersion in the native speaking environment.
openalex: W2209548238 mag: 2209548238
Keywords: openalex:import

Self-therapy practices among university students in Palestine: Focus on herbal remedies - Sawalha, Ansam F.; Sweileh, Waleed M.; Zyoud, Sa’ed H.; Jabi, Samah W. (Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2008)
Herbal self-therapy is a common practice among Palestinians. However, no published data are available on herbal self-therapy in the Middle East in general, and in Palestine in particular.This study was conducted to (1) determine the extent of herbal self-therapy among university students, (2) investigate the different types of herbal remedies used and (3) investigate the correlates and reasons associated with such practices.This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out using a structured questionnaire that contained five sections: (1) demographics; (2) medication knowledge and self-care orientation; (3) types of herbal remedies used; (4) clinical conditions treated; and finally, (5) the reasons reported by students for herbal self-therapy practice. Pearson chi(2), multiple logistic regression and one-way ANOVA were performed using SPSS 13 program.33.9% of the respondents reported using herbal remedies in self-therapy. Female gender, students at medical colleges and those with high self-care orientation were significant predictive model for herbal use. Sage (Salvia fruticosa L.), chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were the most commonly utilized herbal remedies. The types of herbal remedies selected were significantly influenced by gender, but not by the level of medication knowledge or self-care orientation. Herbal remedies were used primarily for the treatment of headache, flu, menstrual pain and sore throat. The main motivating factor for using herbal remedies reported for using herbal remedies was simplicity of symptoms.Herbal self-therapy was a common practice among university students. Health care providers need to be aware of the students' self-therapy practices and need to have sufficient knowledge regarding herbs not simply because of the widespread use, but also because of significant reported side effects. Academics need to consider offering courses about herbal remedies to students in both the medical and non-medical faculties to broaden their treatment capabilities during this time of increased unregulated medical interventions such as herbal therapy.
openalex: W2081830408 mag: 2081830408
Keywords: openalex:import

Magmatic degassing at Erta 'Ale volcano, Ethiopia - Sawyer, G. M.; Oppenheimer, Clive; Tsanev, V.; Yirgu, Gezahegn (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2008)
Here we report measurements of the chemical composition and flux of gas emitted from the central lava lake at Erta 'Ale volcano (Ethiopia) made on 15 October 2005. We determined an average SO2 flux of ∼ 0.69 ± 0.17 kg s− 1 using zenith sky ultraviolet spectroscopy of the plume, and molar proportions of magmatic H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, HCl and HF gases to be 93.58, 3.66, 2.47, 0.06, 0.19 and 0.04%, respectively, by open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Together, these data imply fluxes of 7.3, 0.7, 0.008, 0.03 and 0.004 kg s− 1 for H2O, CO2, CO, HCl and HF, respectively. These are the first FTIR spectroscopic observations at Erta 'Ale, and are also some of the very few gas measurements made at the volcano since the early 1970s (Gerlach, T.M., 1980b. Investigation of volcanic gas analyses and magma outgassing from Erta 'Ale lava lake, Afar, Ethiopia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 7(3–4): 415–441). We identify significant increases in the proportion of H2O in the plume with respect to both CO2 and SO2 across this 30-year interval, which we attribute to the depletion of volatiles in magma that sourced effusive eruptions during the early 1970s and/or to fractional magma degassing between the two active pit craters located in the summit caldera.
openalex: W2063423168 mag: 2063423168
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of the Education Quality Improvement Through Pedagogy (EQUIP) Project in Shinyanga, Tanzania - Sedere, Upali M.; Mengele, Helima; Kajela, Teferi (2008)
openalex: W2195611476 mag: 2195611476
Keywords: openalex:import

Indigenous? What Indigenous Knowledge? Beliefs and Attitudes of Rural Primary School Teachers Towards Indigenous Knowledge in the Science Curriculum in Zimbabwe - Shizha, Edward (The Australian journal of Indigenous education, 2008)
Abstract Despite the end of colonialism, Zimbabwean rural school teachers still find themselves trapped in the colonial pedagogic practices that undervalue the importance of rural school children's experiential knowledge in science. This article explores the beliefs and attitudes of rural primary teachers towards incorporating Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous teaching practices in science education. A case study of 10 teachers in a rural school in Zimbabwe was conducted using the observation method which was complimented with a semi-structured interview. Twenty video recordings were carried out while the teachers were conducting science lessons. Classroom interactions and communications were vividly captured and analysed, while interviews were conducted after observations to capture explanatory details that may not have been apparent during video recordings. Inductive data analysis focusing on themes relating to teachers' views and practices yielded rich and informative details. Findings indicate that teachers are reluctant to integrate Indigenous knowledge and teaching techniques as pedagogical tools. The attitudes are a result of systemic and institutional expectations on teachers.
openalex: W4243193798
Keywords: openalex:import

RATES OF RETURN TO EDUCATION IN BOTSWANA: RESULTS FROM THE 2002/2003 HOUSEHOLD INCOME AND EXPENDITURE SURVEY DATA SET - Siphambe, Happy (South African Journal of Economics, 2008)
Abstract Using the most recent Household Income and Expenditure Survey data (2002/2003), this paper presents current rates of return to education for Botswana. The results show that the rates of return have in general declined by one percentage point on average between the periods as shown in Table 2 . If we, however, look at the averages for the different school cycles, the fall in the average rates is quite significant at about six percentage points between the periods. The biggest fall is for secondary education, especially upper secondary education, which fell by 28 percentage points between the periods. The rates of return to tertiary education, however, rose by more than 50 percentage points. Ignoring upper secondary, the pattern of rates of return has remained similar to the results of the study based on the 1993/1994 data. Rates are higher for tertiary education and lower for secondary than for primary education. This results are still consistent with rates of return generally rising with level of education. At policy level, the results continue to support sharing of costs between Government and beneficiaries or their parents especially at tertiary education level. Second, the results indicate the need for the country to continue to vigorously pursue job creation and reorient the education system from emphasis on white collar jobs. Mincerian earnings function: overall Ψ Dependent variable (ln monthly earnings) Variable Coefficient Constant 4.08 (321.6) Education 0.15 (378) ** Experience 0.085 (171.2) ** Experience Squared −0.001 (−142) ** IM Ratio −2.12 (3.68) ** R 2 (Adjusted) 0.29 Sample Size (n) 5,328 Note: t‐statistics in parenthesis. Significant at 1% level of significance.
openalex: W2110876359 mag: 2110876359
Keywords: openalex:import

Lava lake surface characterization by thermal imaging: Erta 'Ale volcano (Ethiopia) - Spampinato, Letizia; Oppenheimer, Clive; Calvari, Sonia; Cannata, Andrea; Montalto, P. (Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems, 2008)
Active lava lakes represent the exposed, uppermost part of convecting magma systems and provide windows into the dynamics of magma transport and degassing. Erta 'Ale volcano located within the Danakil Depression in Ethiopia hosts one of the few permanent convecting lava lakes, probably active for a century or more. We report here on the main features of the lava lake surface based on observations from an infrared thermal camera made on 11 November 2006. Efficient magma circulation was reflected in the sustained transport of the surface, which was composed of pronounced incandescent cracks that separated wide plates of cooler crust. These crossed the lake from the upwelling to the downwelling margin with mean speeds ranging between 0.01 and 0.15 m s −1 . Hot spots eventually opened in the middle of crust plates and/or along cracks. These produced mild explosive activity lasting commonly between ∼10 and ∼200 s. Apparent temperatures of cracks ranged between ∼700 and 1070°C, and of crust between ∼300 and 500°C. Radiant power output of the lake varied between ∼45 and 76 MW according to the superficial activity and continuous resurfacing of the lake. Time series analysis of the radiant power output data reveals cyclicity with a period of ∼10 min. The combination of visual and thermal observations with apparent mean temperatures and convection rates allows us to interpret these signals as the periodic release of hot overpressured gas bubbles at the lake surface.
openalex: W1621938284 mag: 1621938284
Keywords: openalex:import

Enhancing Medical Education in Africa - Splete, Heidi (Internal Medicine News, 2008)
openalex: W2078762760 mag: 2078762760
Keywords: openalex:import

Improved Malaria Case Management after Integrated Team-based Training of Health Care Workers in Uganda - Ssekabira, Umaru; Bukirwa, Hasifa; Hopkins, Heidi; Namagembe, Allen; Weaver, Marcia R.; Sebuyira, Lydia Mpanga; Quick, Linda; Staedke, Sarah G.; Yeka, Adoke; Kiggundu, Moses N.; Schneider, G.; McAdam, Keith P. W. J.; et al. (The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2008)
Malaria case management in Africa is characterized by presumptive treatment and substantial overtreatment. We evaluated an integrated team-based training program on malaria case management. Surveillance data 120 days before and after training were compared at eight health facilities in Uganda. After training, the proportion of patients with suspected malaria referred for blood smears increased from 38.3% to 54.6% (P = 0.04) in persons < 5 years of age years and from 34.1% to 53.4% (P = 0.02) in those ≥ 5 years of age. The proportion of patients with negative blood smears prescribed antimalarial drugs decreased from 47.9% to 19.6% (P < 0.001) in persons < 5 years of age and from 38.8% to 15.6% (P < 0.001) in those ≥ 5 years of age. Training did not improve the proportion of patients with positive blood smears prescribed antimalarial drugs, the proportion of patients prescribed appropriate antimalarial drugs, or the diagnostic accuracy of microscopy. Integrated team-based training may improve malaria case management and reduce the number of unnecessary antimalarial treatments.
openalex: W2150489641 mag: 2150489641
Keywords: openalex:import

Do volatile organic compound emissions of Tunisian cork oak populations originating from contrasting climatic conditions differ in their responses to summer drought? - Staudt, Michael; Ennajah, Amel; Mouillot, Florent; Joffre, Richard (Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2008)
The intrinsic variability of volatile organic compound emissions and photosynthetic parameters in response to two drying cycles was investigated on Quercus suber L. saplings originating from three Tunisian populations native to contrasting climates. Emissions mainly included monoterpenes plus traces of sesquiterpenes and methylsalicylate that steadily decreased during the experiment unrelated to treatments. Instead, monoterpene emissions increased by 30% during a first moderate drought and remained enhanced after rewatering, while CO 2 –H 2 O gas exchange was reduced by 30%. A second severe drought decreased monoterpene emissions to about two third of controls, strongly inhibited gas exchange and photochemical efficiency, and caused a partial loss of chlorophyll. Rewatering led to only partial recovery of emissions and photosynthetic parameters of stressed plants whose biomasses and leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were lower than in control plants. There was no clear difference among populations in volatile organic compound emissions or photosynthetic parameters. However, the population inhabiting the most arid region had intrinsically smaller leaves with lower specific leaf masses and higher drought-related leaf losses than populations native to less arid climates. These results indicate an adaptive shift from stress-tolerating towards stress-avoiding ecotypes under arid climates involving mainly morphological adaptations without apparent differentiation in volatile organic compound production, probably because of its high phenological plasticity.
openalex: W2139254276 mag: 2139254276
Keywords: openalex:import

Negotiating Sociocultural Discourses: The Counter-Storytelling of Academically (and Mathematically) Successful African American Male Students - Stinson, David W. (American Educational Research Journal, 2008)
This study documents the counterstories of four academically (and mathematically) successful African American male students. Using participative inquiry, the participants were asked to read, reflect on, and respond to historical and current research literature regarding the schooling experiences of African American students. Their responses were analyzed using a somewhat eclectic theoretical framework that included poststructural theory, critical race theory, and critical theory. Collectively, the participants’ counterstories revealed that each had acquired a robust mathematics identity as a component of his overall efforts toward success. How the participants acquired such “uncharacteristic” mathematics identities was to be found in part in how they understood sociocultural discourses of U.S. society and how they negotiated the specific discourses that surround male African Americans. Present throughout the counterstories of each participant was a recognition of himself as a discursive formation who could negotiate sociocultural discourses as a means to subversively repeat his constituted “raced” self.
openalex: W2104459080 mag: 2104459080
Keywords: openalex:import

Intellectual impairment in patients with epilepsy in Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Sunmonu, Taofiki; Komolafe, Morenikeji; Ogunrin, AO; Oladimeji, B. Y.; Ogunniyi, Adesola (Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2008)
Epilepsy is the most common non-infectious neurologic disease in developing countries such as Africa, including Nigeria. This study was designed to assess the intellectual performance of patients with epilepsy (PWE) in Nigeria hoping that the result will serve as the basis for educational, vocational, and social counseling.Forty-one PWE were studied along with 41 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls. A questionnaire was developed and applied to all subjects and history was taken from patients and eyewitness. The intellectual function of each subject was assessed with the aid of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale adapted for Nigerians. All patients subsequently had electroencephalography (EEG) performed and the EEG findings were noted. SPSS statistical package was used to analyze the data.The PWE performed poorly on the verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full scale IQ scores when compared with controls (P < 0.05) and 20% of PWE had mental retardation. Long duration of epilepsy, long duration of antiepileptic drug therapy, younger age at onset of epilepsy, increased frequency of seizures, and low educational status were found to have negative impacts on intellectual performance in PWE (P < 0.05) while seizure types and type of antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine or phenytoin) did not influence intellectual performance.This study shows that PWE had significant intellectual impairment when compared with controls. In addition, long duration of epilepsy, long duration of AED therapy, earlier age of onset, increased seizure frequency, and low educational status had a negative impact on intellectual functioning in PWE.
openalex: W2075010581 mag: 2075010581
Keywords: openalex:import

States of Nature: Creating “the Normal” Through a Tale of a Farm School in South Africa - Swanson, Dalene M (Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 2008)
openalex: W2064485149 mag: 2064485149
Keywords: openalex:import

Urea loading from a spring storm—Knysna estuary, South Africa - Switzer, Todd Brent (Harmful Algae, 2008)
Urea concentrations were tracked in the Knysna estuary, South Africa, following a strong initial storm of the austral summer rainy season in 2000. These post-storm urea concentrations are compared against a 1-year survey of these concentrations and demonstrate the initial and longer-term impacts of urea loading on a near-pristine estuary. Fifteen stations along the main channel of the estuary were sampled four times each, 2–4 weeks before the storm, providing and average urea concentration of 1.4 μmol N L−1. When these same stations were sampled 12 h after the storm the average urea concentration had increased to 9.4 μmol N L−1. The average urea concentration at these 15 stations remained high, averaging 10.2 μmol N L−1 and 10.0 μmol N L−1 36 and 84 h post-storm, respectively. The urea concentrations in the rivers supplying fresh water to the Knysna estuary, one draining pasturelands and the other draining informal housing settlements that relied on pit toilets and open sewers are also compared before and after this storm. These data suggest that spring storms significantly influence nutrient availability, which in turn, may be related to the large dinoflagellates blooms witnessed in the Knysna estuary during the later portion of the wet summer season.
openalex: W2086643529 mag: 2086643529
Keywords: openalex:import

Specifics of the Psychological Structure of the Responsibility of African and Latin American Students - Timofejcheva, V A (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
openalex: W3132863124 mag: 3132863124
Keywords: openalex:import

Sustainability Assessment Using a Unit-based Sustainability Assessment Tool: The case of three teaching departments at Rhodes University, South Africa - Togo, Muchaiteyi (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
A sustainability assessment study was performed with three teaching departments at Rhodes University – Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Anthropology, and Accounting. The assessment used a Unit-based Sustainability Assessment Tool (USAT) and was guided by systems thinking and the ontological framework provided by critical realism. Results of the study showed that the Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science had a higher integration of sustainability issues in its activities than the other departments sampled, with Accounting having the lowest integration. Interviews conducted with departmental heads and content analyses of documents revealed differences in sustainability issues addressed and in approaches used in tackling them among these departments. The study is intended to inform the Mainstreaming of Environment and Sustainability in African (MESA) Universities Partnership, which promotes mainstreaming environment and sustainability in universities during the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. The study does not provide answers to mainstreaming activities, but opens up space to debate and deliberate how to deal with the mainstreaming of sustainability in universities. It identified some of the challenges to be addressed in university-wide mainstreaming work, and affirmed the need for systems thinking in bringing about change at institutional level to extend changes taking place in individual teaching contexts.
openalex: W1756193780 mag: 1756193780
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effects of Family Structure and Parenthood on the Academic Performance of Nigerian University Students - Uwaifo, V. O. (Studies on home and community science, 2008)
This paper examines the effects of family structure and parenthood on the academic performance of Nigerian university students. The sample for the study consisted of 240 students drawn from the six randomly selected faculties in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. The adapted form of “Guidance and Counseling Achievement Grade Form” was used for data collection and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the t-test statistical method. The three null hypotheses formulated were tested at .05 level of significance. The results showed that significant differences existed between the academic performance of students from singleparent family and those from two-parent family structures. The results also indicated significant differences in academic performance of male and female students compared on two types of family structures. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that school counsellors should be employed in all schools and that they should provide necessary assistance to students especially those from single-parent family to enable them overcome their emotional concerns.
openalex: W2350358860 mag: 2350358860
Keywords: openalex:import

Can engineering education in South Africa afford to avoid problem-based learning as a didactic approach? - Veldman, Frederick Johannes; Wet, Magrietta Aletta De; Mokhele, N. E. Ike; Bouwer, Willem Adriaan Johannes (European Journal of Engineering Education, 2008)
In this article, the authors support problem-based learning (PBL) based on its high level of alignment in addition to providing learners in engineering with an additional opportunity in learning process competencies, as contained within the South African National Critical Cross-field and Developmental Outcomes (COs). Constructive alignment describes a process in which the learning outcomes (LOs) become the objective for designing a curriculum that enables LOs to be achieved through appropriate activities and an assessment process that enables these LOs to be demonstrated. PBL applies problem-solving as a vehicle in achieving LOs. The degree to which a learner manages to achieve a given LO still serves as the authentic criteria for assessment. In addition, PBL provides learners an opportunity in acquiring non-subject-related skills, also referred to as process competencies, soft-skills, transferable skills, or graduate attributes. These skills are required especially for the management of human capital and are considered as crucial for successful practice in the engineering profession. It is therefore questioned why a PBL approach is not implemented by engineering faculties at South African Higher Education Institutions. The successful implementation of PBL, however, depends on a number of non-didactic issues that are highlighted in this paper. It is concluded that very few didactic methods can achieve the quality of learning we provide to engineering learners when using PBL, and therefore, it is proposed that South African Higher Education Institutions should also provide their academic staff with training opportunities in this regard.
openalex: W1999794696 mag: 1999794696
Keywords: openalex:import

Education in vascular surgery–critical issues: A Southern African perspective - Veller, Martin (Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2008)
Southern Africa is made up of some of the poorest countries in the world. In addition, the common perception that the population of Southern Africa has a low incidence of vascular disease has resulted in vascular surgical training being a low priority. The assumption that in the future vascular disease in Southern Africa will remain uncommon is being challenged, and strategies to address the resultant shortage of vascular surgeons, both in the medium and long term, are suggested.
openalex: W2067406954 mag: 2067406954
Keywords: openalex:import

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, CHILD LABOUR AND GENDER BIAS IN MOROCCO - Veneziani, Mario (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
Using cross-sectional data and employing probit models, the paper investigates child school attendance and labour in Morocco. Results indicate that education is a luxury good which can be purchased more easily by the non-poor. Moreover, a child is more likely to be in school if he/she is residing in an urban area and is the son/daughter of the head of the household. However, the Body Mass Index (BMI) - used to account for the impact of proper nutrition status on attendance probability - deters school attendance. More detailed empirical evidence is obtained by estimating the same type of models on gender based subsamples. Poverty status, household size and the provincial average of time taken to travel to school in minutes lessen the probability of female school attendance. If a female child lives in a household headed by a female, the pupil should have higher likelihood of school attendance. Besides being a quite common result, this occurrence can be employed to devise a policy initiative of disbursing to the female head a monetary or in-kind transfer devoted to pupils’ education which can be most cost-effective in closing the gender gap as required by the second Millennium Development Goal (MDG). The probability of a male going to school is limited by the significant role of some regional location dummies and living with an aged household head. The variables which are significant in both single-genders models generate higher probabilistic effects for females compared to males. As expected, the child labour models estimate coefficients which are most of the time opposite in sign to the ones in the educational. The variable which is consistently associated with a negative influence on the dependent variable is the age of the household head. The significance of the yearly per capita expenditure in the child labour investigations might be driven by some endogeneity or the inclusion of asset variables. Besides the econometric problem, it undermines the confidence attached to the implementation of a cash/in-kind transfers devoted to curb child labour and promote school attendance. Industry localization effects and complementarity in within-household labour choices are present. The investigation carried out on gender-specific samples finds a inverted U shaped female trajectory in age probably due to early pregnancy. Moreover, poverty condition improves males probability of working while it diminishes female’s school participation.
openalex: W3123141834 mag: 3123141834
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of oil pollution on aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Gabon wetlands - Vinson; Dinger, EC; Kotynek, J; Dethier, Megan N. (African Journal of Aquatic Science, 2008)
Macroinvertebrate assemblages from uncontaminated and contaminated sites in the Gamba Complex (Gabon) were compared, the latter sites having been subjected to ongoing oil spills since the 1970s. Vegetation communities surrounding the sites included savannah, shrub–scrub, palm forest, gallery forest and thick jungle. Aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity was high, but abundances at individual sites were low. No living aquatic macroinvertebrates were found at sites with severe oil deposits, but they were present within a few metres of these sites and their abundance increased as the amount of oil present decreased, within a few metres of such sites. Abundance and taxonomic richness declined with increasing oil levels, suggesting that oil negatively affected macroinvertebrate assemblages. Based on preliminary observations, other significant factors that influenced biodiversity were pH, water permanence, terrestrial vegetation type, and canopy cover. Further sampling of contaminated and clean sites in the region will be crucial in determining the natural biodiversity of wetland habitats such that the restoration success of these areas can be more rigorously evaluated.
openalex: W2050014666 mag: 2050014666
Keywords: openalex:import

Combining PUB and climate change scenarios for long-term water resource modeling in South Africa - Wagener, Thorsten; Werkhoven, Kathryn Lynn van (2008)
openalex: W3088819356 mag: 3088819356
Keywords: openalex:import

STUDENTS' REACTIONS TO THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SELECTED KENYAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS - Wekesa, W.D.; Muliro, Masinde; Wekesa, Eric Wangila; Mualuko, Ndiku J.; Julius, Maiyo K. (2008)
Different people react differently to the same experience. A current trend in science instruction is to integrate technology into classroom in a variety of ways. A Computer Based Instruction (CBI) courseware was used to teach cell theory that has posed diffi culties for teachers and students as part of the classroom innovation. Students’ attitude towards the innovation and their attitude towards the biology classroom environment were collected through two 5-point bi-polar Likert-scale items and unstructured written interviews. The innovation resulted to better perception of the biology classroom environment and attitudes towards cell theory. Classifi cation of students’ unstructured responses confi rmed the existence of a series of metaphors for technology use in educational settings.
openalex: W2189275978 mag: 2189275978
Keywords: openalex:import

Cross-sectional survey of hearing impairment and ear disease in Uganda. - Westerberg, Brian D.; Lee, Patricia K.; Lukwago, Luswa; Zaramba, Sam; Bubikere, Stanley; Stewart, Irwin F. (Journal of Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgery, 2008)
Objective To determine the prevalence and causes of disabling hearing loss in adults and children in Uganda. Study design Cross-sectional survey of ear disease and hearing impairment. Setting A random cluster sample design of the population from the Masindi district of Uganda following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, using a modified version of the WHO Ear Disease Survey Protocol. Main outcome measure The prevalence of disabling hearing impairment using the WHO definitions (excluding 0.5 kHz owing to high background noise levels). Results In the study, 6041 participants were enrolled and underwent audiometric evaluation and an ear examination. The prevalence of disabling hearing impairment was 11.7% in adults and 10.2% in children. A further 2.3% of children in whom thresholds could not be measured were deemed to have significant hearing loss based on screening questions and/or sound-field stimuli. Correctable causes such as dry perforations, cerumen impaction, and chronic suppurative otitis media resulted in disabling hearing loss in 17% of adult subjects and 41% of children. Preventable hearing loss, such as meningitis and noise-induced hearing loss, was present in a further significant percentage of subjects. Conclusions Ear disease and hearing impairment were found to be important health problems in the Ugandan population. Preventable ear disease is a major cause of hearing loss in the population. It is hoped that the findings of this study will draw attention to the problem in Uganda and will lead to proper allocation of resources for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss and ear disease.
openalex: W2273290296 mag: 2273290296
Keywords: openalex:import

Does It Snow in Egypt?: Introducing the Resource Teaching about Other Countries - a Teaching Model for Primary and Middle School Teachers - Wildy, Mark (Interactions, 2008)
'Teaching About Other Countries - A Teaching Model for Primary and Middle School Teachers' is a resource material made available to Victorian teachers to explore the concepts of geography. The resource is divided into three sections covering different topics in each one of them.
openalex: W2242189280 mag: 2242189280
Keywords: openalex:import

The Magma Plumbing System of Dabbahu and Gabho volcanoes (Afar rift, Ethiopia) from InSAR, GPS and Seismicity data - Wright, T. J.; Ayele, Atalay; Belachew, M.; Bennati, Laura; Calais, E.; Ebinger, C. J.; Hamling, I. J.; Keir, Derek; Lewi, Elias; Pagli, Carolina; Yirgu, G. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2008)
openalex: W3170363139 mag: 3170363139
Keywords: openalex:import

Training Local Health Assistants for a Community Health Survey in a Developing Country : Longitudinal Monitoring of the Growth and Nutrition of Children in Zambia - Yamauchi, Taro; Lekprichakul, Thamana; Sakurai, Takeshi; Kanno, H.; Umetsu, Chieko; Sokotela, Sesele (2008)
openalex: W298516595 mag: 298516595
Keywords: openalex:import

Mozambique earthquake sequence of 2006: High‐angle normal faulting in southern Africa - Yang, Zhaohui; Chen, Wang‐Ping (2008)
We report source mechanisms for the six largest shocks of the Mozambique earthquake sequence of 22 February 2006. The main shock of this sequence is one of the largest ( M w ∼ 7.0) to occur in Africa over the past 100 years and its P waveforms alone are sufficient to show that north‐south trending normal faulting near the surface continues to depths of more than 15 km along an exceptionally steep dip of 76° ± 4°. This new result shows that globally seismogenic normal faulting spans a wide range of dips, from about 30° to 75°. S waveforms, when combined with a minor component of left‐lateral slip observed in the field, indicate the rake to be between −80° and −89° which, in turn, places a new constraint on relative plate motions: Complications from a nonspecific Rovuma microplate notwithstanding, our results favor the Euler pole between the Somalia and Nubia plates to lie southward of the epicenters.
openalex: W2083192021 mag: 2083192021
Keywords: openalex:import

Understanding the Impacts of Land Use, Climate, and Population Change on Blue-Green Water Flows in the Olifants Watershed, South Africa - Zeff, H T; Wagener, Thorsten; Werkhoven, Kathryn Lynn van (2008)
openalex: W3095602044 mag: 3095602044
Keywords: openalex:import

An Integrated Hydro-Economic Model for Economy-Wide Climate Change Impact Assessment for Zambia - Zhu, Tingju; Thurlow, James; Diao, Xinshen (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2008)
openalex: W3094905529 mag: 3094905529
Keywords: openalex:import

Impressions on aspects of the process – and outcomes – of curriculum transformation in History for schools after 1994 in South Africa - Eeden, Elize S. Van (New Contree, 2008)
Die aanbreek van die 21e eeu het ook wêreldwye veranderinge in geskiedenisonderrig getoon. Dit was sigbaar in vele gewysigde of nuwe kurrikula binne veral die verdere onderwys- en opleidingsfase (hoërskole) asook binne die strukture van handboekontwikkeling vir skole. In Suid-Afrika het hierdie tendense saamgeval met ‘n tydperk van transformasie in die onderwys sedert veral die oorname van die African National Congress as regerende party vanaf 1994. In die algemeen was die verandering in Suid-Afrika binne alle vlakke van die samelewing op die een of ander wyse geraak deur die woord “internasionaal” of “globaal”2. Na sowat 15 jaar van transformasie in SuidAfrika dus reeds verloop het, is die resultaat ook sigbaar in die veranderinge wat ten opsigte van die geskiedeniskurrikulum deurgesien is, asook die benadering wat gevolg is in skoolhandboeke as die praktiese resultaat hiervan. Die artikel is gestruktureer om aspekte te debatteer wat aanleidend was tot die omvorming van veral die Geskiedeniskurrikulum. Onder meer is polities belaaide gevoelens en persepsies van die dag, die status van empiriese navorsing binne geskiedenisonderrigpraktyke deur akademici sowel as die rol van die intellektuele lui binne die raamwerk van sogenaamde onderwysvooruitgang ook ter sprake. Om meer te fokus op ‘n bepaalde aspek binne ‘n breë tema soos hierdie rakende “onderwysvooruitgang”, is die Graad 12-vlak se hersiene kurrikulum en skoolhandboeke wat onlangs publiseer is as die mikrosnit uitgesonder vir hierdie bespreking. Van die kern gevolgtrekkings oor “onderwysvooruitgang” in Geskiedenis as skoolvak is dat die hersiene Graad 12 kurrikulum van Suid-Afrika ook nie daarin kon slaag om vlekkeloos te wees van i) die politieke sentimente van die dag nie en nog minder van die dominante leierskap en mag van die Regering binne die kurrikulumveranderinge. ii)Voorts ook is onderwysvooruitgang (metodologie en globale/internasionale tendense) wel heel sigbaar in die kurrikuluminhoud verdiskonteer maar nie noodwendig effektief of korrek benader nie. iii) Verder nog blyk dit dat empiriese navorsing en in-diepte-waarnemings deur tersiêre navorsingsinstansies rakende die mees sinvolle hersiening van inhoude om die klaskamerpraktyk in geskiedenis te verbeter sowel as die inhoude van handboeke tot ‘n hoer kwaliteit te laat ontwikkel, ietwat skipbreuk gelei het as gevolg van etlike redes. Ten opsigte van die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, sal hierdie probleme en/of leemtes in die nabye toekoms meer sigbaar moet verbeter, anders is die meeste navorsing met die oog op vooruitgang gedoem tot ‘n waardeloosheid.
openalex: W4392263107
Keywords: openalex:import

Indigenous peoples perception on climate change and adaptation strategies in Jemaa local government area of Kaduna State, Nigeria - Ishaya; Abaje (Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2008)
This study examines the way indigenous people in Jema’a Local Government Area of Kaduna State perceive climate change and their adaptation strategies to climate change. The paper also asks indigenous people of the impacts of climate change on their various activities and any perceive hindrance to its adaptation. A total of 225 questionnaires were administered in five settlements within the study area, although only 200 of these questionnaires were used for the purpose of analysis. Findings revealed that indigenous people in the study area perceived that the environment, climate in particular, has been changing over the years due to diverse human activities. Findings also revealed that the threat of climate change is more on health, food supply, biodiversity lost and fuelwood availability than on businesses and instigating of disaster; and it is the poor, who depend heavily on the natural resources that are mostly affected by incidence of climate change. In adapting to climate change indigenous people cultivate different/varieties of crops which are tolerant to climate change and shortening of growing season as adaptation strategies. Result further revealed that lack of improve seeds, lack of assess to water for irrigation, lack of current knowledge of modern adaptation strategies, lack of capital, lack of awareness and knowledge of climate change scenarios are the hindering factors to the adoption of modern techniques of combating climate changes in the area. Keywords: Indigenous people’s, perception, climate change, adaptation strategies, Jema’a
openalex: W3033556240 mag: 3033556240
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' Opinions on the Incorporation of Environmental Education in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum. - Jekayinfa, Alice Arinlade; Yusuf, A. (Educational Research Review, 2008)
This paper presents the report of a research carried out in Kwara Sate of Nigeria to seek the opinions of teachers on the incorporation of Environmental Education (EE) in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum. The descriptive survey method was employed for the study. 200 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling technique to cater for variables of gender, type of school, qualification and experience. The sampled teachers responded to a 36 items researcher – made questionnaire. Two research questions were raised and four hypotheses were formulated for the study. Frequency counts and percentages of responses were used to answer the research questions while the SPSS computer software X2statistic was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the findings indicated that: teachers were aware of the incorporation of EE in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum and they have been teaching it; variables of gender and type of school did not affect the opinions of teachers but experience and qualification did affect the opinions of teachers significantly on the incorporation of EE in the Nigerian Primary School Curriculum. Based on the findings, it was recommended that teachers, who are the implementers of any curriculum should be given the opportunities to undergo refresher courses, seminars and workshops that will expose them to new innovations in the curriculum. EE should be explicitly introduced into the Nigerian Curriculum at the tertiary levels; EE should also be taught through the mass media throughout the country. Key words: Environment, Primary School Curriculum, Teachers, Awareness, Afforestation, Land reclamation.
openalex: W3217441527 mag: 3217441527
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Cuisenaire Rods' approach on some Nigeria primary pupils' achievement in decimal fractions - Kurumeh, M.S.; Achor, Emmanuel Edoja (Educational Research Review, 2008)
This study determined the effect of Cuisenaire Rods’ approach on some Nigeria primary pupils’ achievement in decimal fractions. Three hypotheses guided the study. A total of 200 Primary six pupils (that is, 6th grade) from randomly selected schools in Makurdi metropolis of Benue State of Nigeria served as the sample for the study. A Mathematics Achievement Test on Decimal Fractions (MATDF) developed by the researchers and validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.89 using K-R 21, was used for data collection. Two way Analysis of Covariance was used for analyzing the data. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between pupils taught fractions using Cuisenaire Rods’ approach and those taught fractions using conventional approach with Cuisenaire rod approach being more facilitative (F1, 199 = 12.231; p .05). However, there was no significant interaction effect of method and gender on achievement (F1, 199 = 1.424; p > 0.05) It was therefore recommended among others that teachers of mathematics should adopt Cuisenaire Rods approach in teaching mathematics in primary schools in the study area to ensure hands-on-activities and thereby contributing to enhanced understanding. Key words: Cuisenaire Rods, pupils’ achievement in mathematics, manipulative activities, hands-on, concrete materials, abstract materials, decimal fractions.
openalex: W3121722634 mag: 3121722634
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Cuisenaire Rods' approach on some Nigeria primary pupils' achievement in decimal fractions - Kurumeh, Seraphina M. S.; Achor, Emmanuel Edoja (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
This study determined the effect of Cuisenaire Rods’ approach on some Nigeria primary pupils’ achievement in decimal fractions. Three hypotheses guided the study. A total of 200 Primary six pupils (that is, 6th grade) from randomly selected schools in Makurdi metropolis of Benue State of Nigeria served as the sample for the study. A Mathematics Achievement Test on Decimal Fractions (MATDF) developed by the researchers and validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.89 using K-R was used for data collection. Two way Analysis of Covariance was used for analyzing the data. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between pupils taught fractions using Cuisenaire Rods’ approach and those taught fractions using conventional approach with Cuisenaire rod approach being more facilitative (F 21, = 12.231; p .05). However, there was no significant interaction effect of method and gender on achievement (F =1.424; p > 0.05). It was therefore recommended among others that teachers of mathematics should adopt Cuisenaire Rods approach in teaching mathematics in primary schools in the study area to ensure hands-on-activities and thereby contributing to enhanced understanding.
openalex: W2158481482 mag: 2158481482
Keywords: openalex:import

Developing multiliteracies through bilingual education in Burkina Faso - Lavoie, Constance (Educational Research Review, 2008)
Being literate involves being able to move from the ability to read and write to include different forms of knowledge and modes of communication of the milieu (drumming, dancing, story-telling, etc.). This article examines the new literacy allowed through the existence of two types of schools (bilingual and monolingual) in Burkina Faso, in West Africa, and how the two affect the development of literacy and cultural sustainability of their graduates. Since 1994, this country has moved from a French only educational system inherited from colonization to a bilingual one. In this context, bilingual education means the learning of two languages (African language and French) and the indigenous knowledge and ways of learning. The data is based on a qualitative study conducted during 2006 and 2007 in this country. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from bilingual schools and from monolingual schools. They analyze the impact of their schooling path on their literacy development and cultural identity by looking at the language spoken and written, and the information they use and produce. Key words: Multiliteracies, postcolonial education, Africa.
openalex: W2099926968 mag: 2099926968
Keywords: openalex:import

The Flamboyant Rooster and other Tshivenda Song Stories, Edited by Jaco Kruger and Ina le Roux, Illustrated by Deon Coetzer, School of Music, North-West University, Potchefstroom: South Africa. 149 pages. - McConnachie, Boudina (African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music, 2008)
openalex: W2509174060 mag: 2509174060
Keywords: openalex:import

Mineralogical and geochemical study of mud volcanoes in north Moroccan atlantic margin - Mhammedi, Narjisse Alaoui; Moumni, Bouchta El; Hmaidi, Abdellah El; Raissouni, A; Arrim, A.E. (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2008)
The gulf of Cadiz is one of the most interesting areas to study mud volcanoes and structures related to cold fluid seeps since their discovery in 1999. In this study, we present results from gravity cores collected from Ginsburg and Meknes mud volcanoes and from circular structure located in the gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic Moroccan margin) during the cruise TTR14 in 2004 on board of the R/V Logachev. The clay mineralogical analysis by XRD shows a difference in clay mineral amounts mainly in smectite between the different studied structures. Ginsburg MV shows high percentage of smectite with an average of 44% whereas Meknes MV displays illite rich clay association, smectite average percentage is about 16%. In circular structure, amount of smectite is about 13%. This variation in clay mineralogy association between the mud volcanoes suggests different nature and depth of parent layers and fluids feeding the mud volcanoes in gulf of Cadiz. Key word : Mud volcano, clay mineralogy, geochemistry, mud breccias, North Moroccan Atlantic margin.
openalex: W2159346050 mag: 2159346050
Keywords: openalex:import

Lecturer and student sensitivity to academic dishonesty intervention approaches in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria - Olasehinde-Williams, Olabisi (Educational Research Review, 2008)
This paper presents the report of a survey of staff and students’ expression of preference for, and willingness to engage in three approaches to curbing the menace of academic dishonesty in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The study also explored the possible connections between gender and the respondents’ responses. The sample comprised 87 staff and 232 final year undergraduate students, randomly drawn from five faculties in the university; and data were collected using a researcherdesigned questionnaire patterned after Hinman’s (2000) ‘Police‘, ‘virtues‘ and ‘prevention‘ approaches to curbing academic dishonesty. The study employed frequency counts, percentages and the chisquare statistics to establish the degree of significance of observed differences between the responses of staff and students with regard to preference and engagement for each approach. Findings of the study showed that while the ‘Police’ approach was the most preferred by staff, the students expressed preference mostly for the ‘Virtues’ approach; significant differences existed between the staff and students in the degrees of their expressed willingness to engage in the ‘Police’ and ‘Virtues’ approaches; however, gender had no significant influence on respondents’ preference for or willingness to engage in any of the three approaches. The implications of the findings for integrated approach to curbing academic dishonesty and for instituting academic integrity policy in Nigerian universities were highlighted.
openalex: W2135173581 mag: 2135173581
Keywords: openalex:import

Dimensions of Job Stress among Public Secondary School Principals in Oyo State, Nigeria. - Olayiwola, Shina (2008)
openalex: W294548142 mag: 294548142
Keywords: openalex:import

Human Vulnerability to Climate Variability in the Sahel: Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies in Northern Burkina Faso - Barbier, Bruno; Yacouba, Hamma; Karambiri, Harouna; Zoromé, Malick; Somé, Blaise (Environmental Management, 2008)
openalex: W2120802499 mag: 2120802499
Keywords: openalex:import

A higher education marketing perspective on choice factors and information sources considered by South African first year university students - Wiese, Melanie (2008)
openalex: W205600574 mag: 205600574
Keywords: openalex:import

Reading Ability as a Predictor of Academic Procrastination Among African American Graduate Students - Collins, Kathleen M. T.; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Jiao, Qun G. (Reading Psychology, 2008)
The present study examined the relationship between reading ability (i.e., reading comprehension and reading vocabulary) and academic procrastination among 120 African American graduate students. A canonical correlation analysis revealed statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationships between these two reading ability variables and graduate students' levels of academic procrastination. Specifically, the first canonical correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationship between reading ability and academic procrastination resulting from fear of failure. The second canonical correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationship between reading ability and academic procrastination associated with writing a term paper, performing administrative tasks, attending meetings, keeping up with weekly reading assignments, and, most notably, performing academic tasks. Implications are discussed in the context of designing and implementing strategies designed to improve African American student performance and instruction in graduate-level courses.
openalex: W1982666410 mag: 1982666410
Keywords: openalex:import

Breast cancer and self-examination knowledge among Tanzanian women: implications for breast cancer health education - Ngoma, T.A.; Ngoma, Mamsau (Tanzania health research bulletin, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge related to breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) among Tanzanian women. This hospital-based study was conducted at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 130 women aged 20-69 years without a known history of breast cancer. Demographic data and subjects responses to a questionnaire addressing the knowledge of the women on breast anatomy and physiology; breast cancer causes; symptoms; breast self examination and treatment were recorded. Our results showed that correct scores ranged between 3% and 95.5% with a mean correct score of 36.1%. Since the average total correct scores fell below 50%, one might conclude that subjects possessed little knowledge related to breast cancer and BSE. However a closer look of the results showed that although correct and incorrect responses were dispersed throughout all content areas, the majority (80-90%) of subjects were more likely to correctly answer items assessing symptoms than any other subset of items but had knowledge deficits regarding when to get medical consultation. In this study, only 47% of subjects knew that they needed to see a doctor when they developed a breast lump. Few subjects correctly answered items assessing breast changes, breast cancer etiologic/risk factors, and BSE technique. The results highlight the need for breast cancer health education to Tanzanian women with an emphasis on breast changes, breast cancer and BSE technique. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin Vol.6(2) 2004: 64-68
openalex: W2079757612 mag: 2079757612
Keywords: openalex:import

Exposure to traffic related hazards among high-school going learners in South Africa: Findings from the 1st SA National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey, 2002 - Reddy, Priscilla; Sifunda, Sibusiso; James, Shamagonam; Kambaran, Nilen S.; Omardien, Riyadh G. (African Safety Promotion, 2008)
South Africa is faced with a double burden of road related injuries involving motor vehicle drivers and passengers as well as those involving pedestrians. More than half (56.4%) of child transport related deaths in the country are due to pedestrian injuries. Pedestrian deaths are ranked as the top external cause of death among children aged 5-14 years. Among older people the risk of traffic related hazards is much higher as over 70% of transport related deaths occur among pedestrians, of whom 60% have elevated alcohol concentration levels. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which young school-going learners engage in various behaviours that expose them to traffic related road hazards in South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted across the nine provinces of South Africa. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was utilised to select a total of 23 schools in each of the provinces and two classes per school were randomly selected at the second stage. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 10 699 learners in 207 schools. The respondents consisted of 54% females and 46% males with an average age of 17 years. Preliminary findings demonstrated a low usage of seatbelts (21.4% [19.6-2 3.1]); 35% reported being in a car driven by an intoxicated driver and 8% had driven after drinking alcohol. More males than females reported being in a car driven by an intoxicated driver (35% vs 32%) and driving a car after drinking alcohol (7.8% vs 5.5%). Over 10% of learners reported walking alongside a road after drinking alcohol with the highest rate (19.6%) occurring in Western Cape. In conclusion, pedestrians and passengers make up the majority of road casualties in South Africa. Despite these data, road safety campaigns, such as Arrive Alive, focus almost exclusively on driver and occasionally passenger targeted initiatives. More collaborative multi-sectorial partnerships are required between research disciplines to explore road safety beyond surveillance data and start incorporating theoretically based behaviour change interventions for all road users. Language: en
openalex: W2057968020 mag: 2057968020
Keywords: openalex:import

A Five-year Retrospective Study of Inpatient Adolescents and Young Adults with Psychiatric Disorders in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. - Ajibola, PO; Yussuf, AD; Issa, B. A.; Parakoyi, M T (Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008)
Background Knowledge of the course of psychopathology from adolescent into adulthood is indispensable for answering questions regarding the origin of adult psychopathology across a wide age range. Aim The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among adolescents and young adults and the possible associated psychosocial factors. Method Hospital case records of 146 subjects that fell into the categories of adolescents and young adults were studied retrospectively. Data were collected on their sociodemographic and clinical variables. Diagnoses were based on ICD- 10. Results The commonest psychiatric disorder was schizophrenia (49.4%). Other disorders were unspecified psychosis (32.2%), bipolar affective disorder (6.1%), depressive episode (4.8%), organic mental disorders (4.4%) and substance- induced psychosis (3.4%). Conclusion Programmes need to be put in place for early detection and intervention of psychiatric disorders among youths, and provision must be made for mental health screening among them. In addition, concerted effort should be made to educate our youths about the risks associated with the use of cannabis and other substances so as to reduce the consequences of its abuse among this group of people. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 60-64
openalex: W1980949102 mag: 1980949102
Keywords: openalex:import

Injury control and traffic safety training course: Johannesburg, South Africa - Baadjies, L; Freitas, S De; Mackenzie, Sarah (African Safety Promotion, 2008)
openalex: W2091253227 mag: 2091253227
Keywords: openalex:import

University of South Africa\'s Department of Communication Sciences Annual Postgraduate Winter School, Pretoria, South Africa - Baadjies, L; Freitas, S De; Mackenzie, Stephen (African Safety Promotion, 2008)
openalex: W2011278644 mag: 2011278644
Keywords: openalex:import

An ecosystemic approach to assessing barriers to learning : A case study in a South African public secondary school - Blumenthal, Nicole (2008)
openalex: W1492026055 mag: 1492026055
Keywords: openalex:import

Cultural and religious barriers to learning in basic astronomy : A South African study - Cameron, Ann (2008)
openalex: W830426696 mag: 830426696
Keywords: openalex:import

Adaptation assessments for crop production in response to climate change in Cameroon - Tingem, Munang; Rivington, Mike; Bellocchi, Gianni (Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2008)
The Cameroonian agricultural sector, a critical part of the local ecosystem, is potentially vulnerable to climate change, thus raising concerns about food security in the country’s future. Adaptations policies may be able to mitigate some of this vulnerability. This article addresses the issue of selected adaptation options within the context of Cameroonian food production. A methodology is applied where transient diagnostics of two atmosphere-ocean general circulation models, the NASA/Goddard Institute GISS and the British HadCM3, are coupled to a cropping system simulation model (CropSyst). This methodology simulates current and future (2020, 2080) crop yields for selected key crops such as bambara nut, groundnut, maize, sorghum, and soybean, in eight agricultural regions of Cameroon. Our results show that for the future, substantial yield increases are estimated for bambara groundnut, soybean and groundnut, while little or no change or even decreases for maize and sorghum yields, varying according to the climate scenario and the agricultural region investigated. Taking the “no regrets” principle into consideration, we also explore the advantages of specific adaptation strategies specifically for three crops, maize, sorghum and bambara groundnut, under GISS A2 and B2 marker scenarios only. Here, changing sowing dates may be ineffective in counteracting adverse climatic effects because of the narrow rainfall band that strictly determines the timing of farm operations in Cameroon. In contrast, the possibility of developing later maturing new cultivars proved to be very effective in offsetting adverse impacts, giving the highest increases in productivity under different scenario projections without management changes. For example, under climate change scenario GISS A2 2080, a 14.6% reduction in maize yield was converted to a 32.1% increase; a 39.9% decrease in sorghum yield was converted to a 17.6% increase, and for bambara groundnut, yields were almost trebled due to increase length of growing period and the positive effects of higher CO2 concentrations. These results better inform wider studies and development strategies on sustainable agriculture in the area by providing an indication as to the potential direction in shifts in production capabilities. Our approach highlights the benefit of using models as tools to investigate potential climate change impacts, where results can supplement existing knowledge. The findings also provide useful guidance and motivation to public authorities and development agencies interested in food security issues in Cameroon and elsewhere.
openalex: W1992734960 mag: 1992734960
Keywords: openalex:import

Day Case Orthopaedic Surgery in a West African Teaching Hospital - Adewole, OA; Giwa, Solomon O.; Kayode, MO; Shoga, MO (Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2008)
Background: Day case surgery, carried out in dedicated day care surgery centres, is now very popular all over the world due to the reduced cost and improved safety. Regrettably, in Nigeria, where cost of treatment is a real issue, very few, if any dedicated day care surgery centres have been established. Knowledge of the demographic data of patients and scope of surgical operations performed should provide a basis for the establishment of daycare surgery centres in this part of the world. Objective: To review the demography and scope of day case orthopaedic surgical operations carried out in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria (LASUTH) where there is no dedicated day care surgery unit. Materials and Methods: Records of patients who had day case surgery and were discharged within 24 hours of surgery between June 2004 and May 2006 were reviewed. Biographic data, indications for surgery, operations performed, anaesthetic technique used, complications and reasons for unplanned hospital admission were extracted. Results: A total of 117 patients had day case surgery. There were 60 males and 57 females and the age range was 18 weeks to 76 years. More upper limb surgeries were performed and the commonest procedure was excision biopsy of benign soft tissue tumours (35.1%). Most operations (80%) were performed under local anaesthesia, mainly local infiltration, whilst sphygmomanometer cuffs were used as pneumatic tourniquet when indicated. There were no cases of unplanned hospital admission, anaesthetic or surgical complications. Conclusion: Day case (ambulatory surgery) can be performed safely in tertiary institutions in Nigeria according to carefully planned protocols. Establishment of dedicated ambulatory centres may enable the performance of more complex surgical operations Keywords: orthopaedic surgery, day case, ambulatory Nigeria Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma Vol. 7 (2) 2008: pp. 57-59
openalex: W2042221911 mag: 2042221911
Keywords: openalex:import

Associations Between Premarital Sex and Leaving School in Four Sub‐Saharan African Countries - Biddlecom, Ann; Gregory, Richard D.; Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Mensch, Barbara S. (Studies in Family Planning, 2008)
With the spread of formal schooling in sub‐Saharan Africa and delays in the age at marriage, a growing proportion of adolescents remain enrolled in school when they “come of age.” As a consequence, more and more adolescents have to negotiate sexual maturation and sexual initiation in a vastly different context from that of prior generations. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda, we investigate the empirical association between premarital sex and leaving school among those who were enrolled in school at the outset of adolescence (age 12). Discrete‐time logistic regression models show that, in general, girls are more likely than boys to leave school before completing secondary school, before completing primary school, and, among those completing primary school, before progressing to secondary school. Girls who complete primary school, however, do so at the same age as or a younger age than their male peers. Girls appear more vulnerable to leaving school once they engage in premarital sex. These findings can assist researchers, policymakers, program managers, and educators in understanding and addressing the challenges to educational attainment posed by the increasing proportion of school‐aged adolescents engaging in premarital sex.
openalex: W2036365704 mag: 2036365704
Keywords: openalex:import

Pregnancy‐related School Dropout and Prior School Performance in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa - Grant, Monica J.; Hallman, Kelly (Studies in Family Planning, 2008)
This study uses data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to examine the factors associated with schoolgirl pregnancy and subsequent educational pathways. We find that prior schooling discontinuities–defined as instances of non-pregnancy-related grade repetition or temporary withdrawals from school–are strongly associated with a young woman's likelihood of later becoming pregnant while enrolled in school, dropping out of school if she becomes pregnant, and not returning to school following a pregnancy-related dropout. Young women who are the primary caregivers to their children are also significantly more likely to leave school than are those who have help with their childcare responsibilities. Given the increasing importance of female school participation in sub-Saharan Africa, programs must be designed to reach girls and their families early to increase incentives for ensuring their timely progression through school and to increase their access to reproductive health information and services.
openalex: W2008201102 mag: 2008201102
Keywords: openalex:import

An evaluation of the Sekhukhuneland Development Programme 1998-2002 :|bthe lessons and recommendations from a labour-intensive construction-training programme in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa - Zandvoort, Van; Evert, Hubert (2008)
openalex: W79209953 mag: 79209953
Keywords: openalex:import

Education, Development and Health Expenditure in Africa: Estimation of Cross-Section Model of 39 Countries in 2000-2005 - Guisán, María-Carmen; Expósito, Pilar (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
This article analyzes the evolution of education, health expenditure and economic development in 39 African countries for the period 2000-2005, which shows that the low levels of health expenditure in many Africa countries are far from evolving to the necessary speed to meet the social demand. We find that the main causes of this bad situation are the low levels of economic development and the low levels of international cooperation to increase average years of schooling of population. We estimate a cross-section model which shows the important positive effect of the educational level of population on economic development and the highly positive effect of economic development on health expenditure in those countries. The main conclusion is that international cooperation addressed to improve health expenditure in Africa should devote a particular attention to human capital and help to increase the average years of schooling of adult population in the poorest countries.
openalex: W1608621329 mag: 1608621329
Keywords: openalex:import

An evaluation of Colwell-P as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in soils of volcanic and non-volcanic origins in the highlands of Papua New Guinea - Kirchhof, G.; Ramakrishna, Akkinapally; Bailey, J. S. (Soil Use and Management, 2008)
Abstract Various soil test methods including Olsen, Colwell, Bray and Truog have been used to assess the levels of plant‐available P (PAP) in soils situated in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Up until now, though, there has been no guarantee that these tests provide valid assessments of PAP in these somewhat atypical organic matter‐rich tropical soils. Furthermore, the critical soil‐P concentrations associated with the tests have been based on studies conducted elsewhere in sub‐tropical and temperate latitudes and as such may or may not be valid for soils or cropping situations in PNG. Soil (Colwell)‐P and leaf‐P data collected during a recent survey of sweet potato gardens in the highlands of PNG were therefore used to determine if useful relationships existed between these variables for different groups of soils, and if they do, to use these relationships to evaluate critical soil Colwell‐P concentrations corresponding to a known critical concentration of P in sweet potato index leaf tissue. Separate, highly significant linear relationships were obtained between leaf‐P and Colwell‐P for soils of volcanic and non‐volcanic origins. Based on these relationships, the critical Colwell‐P concentration for volcanic soils was found to be four times greater than that for non‐volcanic soils, presumably because much of the P extracted from the former soils with alkaline sodium bicarbonate had been chemically ‘fixed’ via sorption and precipitation reactions with sesquioxides and rendered unavailable to plants at ambient soil pH. These critical Colwell‐P concentrations if adopted as benchmark values for the soil groups in question should ensure that the results of future soil fertility surveys involving Colwell‐P assessments are correctly interpreted.
openalex: W2076094827 mag: 2076094827
Keywords: openalex:import

Predicting Students' Performance in the Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations from Performance in the Junior Secondary Certificate Examinations in Ondo State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
The predictive strength of the Junior Secondary Certificate (JSC) examinations in predicting the performance of students in the Senior Secondary Certificate (SSC) examinations in Ondo State, Nigeria was examined In this article.The study explored a correlation design.The study population comprised all the 257 secondary schools in the State.Out of this population, a sample of 206 schools was selected through the stratified random sampling technique.Data were collected through an inventory and analysed with the use of z-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression.The findings revealed that the JSC examinations were a good predictor of performance at SSC examination.Since the performance level was generally low in both examinations, it was recommended that the State government should intensify more efforts in ensuring better teaching and learning strategies in schools through effective supervision and monitoring of schools.
openalex: W2135016259 mag: 2135016259
Keywords: openalex:import

Students' Knowledge about Sex and HIV/AIDS: The Case of Agona District in the Central Region of Ghana - Hordzi, Whk (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
Two hundred and twenty two (222) students in Junior and Senior Secondary Schools were sampled in the Agona District in the Central Region of Ghana to find out the extent of their sexual activity and their awareness on HIV/AIDS.The results show that the students were sexually active and some of them started at the early stage of 8 years.The boys were more sexually active than the girls.However, a large number of those of them engaged in sex (76.66%) did not use the condom.Though 63.05% of respondents knew that HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus (a germ) some others believe that HIV/AIDS is as a result of curse or punishment from God or gods and only offenders contract the disease.Despite the fact that most of the respondents had good knowledge of the modes of spread, symptoms, preventive measures and ways of living with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) a large number of them also had different kinds of misconceptions.The differences between the total frequencies were very highly significant (X 2 = 44.77,P<0.001).All the respondents indicated that it is wrong to use the same blade with PLWHA.The differences between the total frequencies were very highly significant (X 2 =57.01,P< 0.001)
openalex: W2074759545 mag: 2074759545
Keywords: openalex:import

Design Education in Tanzania; Design Skills & Marketing Capabilities for a Developing Economy - Sinha, Pammi; Cockroft, Laurence; Carr, Chris (2008)
A Least Developed Country, 40% of Tanzania is dependent on cotton and its production and products. Presentation will demonstrate how the development of fashion and textile design education in Tanzania links into the various economic policies and institutions committed to helping poverty alleviation and spur the process of industrialisation to the level of the Asian Tiger economies. Policy implications will be presented to maximise the potential value of design education. In 2005/6, cotton production & processing was the largest agricultural export earner, representing potentially significant contribution to poverty alleviation and socio-economics. I was in a team of nine conducting research into this industry (from seed to design & marketing) funded and co-ordinated by the Tanzania Gatsby Trust (TGT - part of the Gatsby Charitable Foundation) in Dar es Salaam (Dar). My background is fashion design, my PhD examined design/marketing in the fashion design process and I am a lecturer in fashion management at the University of Manchester (UoM). My project task: review current design/marketing capabilities in the fashion/textiles (f/t) sector, recommend methods to help further develop capabilities in the small scale craft (informal) and larger (formal) sectors and identify ways of linking international/national and local designers with a view to encouraging foreign trade investment (FDI). From my research: SME’s were keen to upgrade their design skills; larger companies less so - many invested in CAD but only for communicating, negotiating and speeding up manufacturing process, working to buyers’ specifications, or amending past successes (thus susceptible to competition from lower cost manufacturers); they recruited designers from overseas, none provided training in design. Dar’s burgeoning business & professional community is enthusiastic about arts, culture and f/t; magazines, tv and internet sites cover news, trends and nationally recognised fashion designers; some non f/t businesses use the promotional powers of the fashion show. Drama and Fine Art education are established through institutes such as Taasisi ya Sanaa na Utamaduni Bagamoyo (Tasuba) and the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). There is no formal education for f/t design and this limits creative thinking and analysis of many issues, especially anticipating future trends. A framework for establishing design education to degree level in Dar builds upon a system already in place with national implications; it has been adopted by the Vocational and Educational Training Authority (VETA). A government body, VETA has 22 vocational training centres distributed in 20 (of 21) mainland political regions, coordinating over 860 vocational training centres and over 90 courses to vocational level, including tailoring, basic factory production techniques and textile design skills. Foundation/degree level design training requires creative brief setting/assessing. TGT is funding: (i) VETA trainers to visit UoM to learn about creative briefs (ii) UDSM graduates to undertake MSc studies in textiles (technology and design) at UoM to help re-establish the hitherto abandoned textiles department at UDSM, (iii) VETA to develop a BA in fashion/textiles with the UDSM (VETA have already done a similar exercise with Tourism and Hospitality). Establishing design education through VETA will create networks at local, national and international levels, MoU’s, research, studentships, etc. Individuals will be enabled to engage in a global community, knowledge and know-how exchange, raising creativity and providing a platform on which to invite international buyers and experts. Attracting FDI is a key feature of successful creative industries in developing nations. Tanzanian f/t sector is largely unable to do so (through uncompetitive skills & production rates in manufacture, lack of access to internationally acceptable quality fabrics, inappropriate styling and quality control). These difficulties are compounded by, among others, the informal nature of the sector, which the government is working to alleviate through initiatives supporting and integrating the (large) informal economy into the mainstream formal. To help maximise the value of design education, a policy message is to focus on reach and quality of secondary level education – normally a prerequisite for foundation/degree - to raise the quality of potential foundation and degree program entrants.
openalex: W49498636 mag: 49498636
Keywords: openalex:import

Role of nonfarm income and education in reducing poverty: Evidence from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda (2008)
openalex: W4243711670
Keywords: openalex:import

Influence of Teachers' Teaching Experience on Students' Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
This article examined teachers' teaching experience and students' learning outcomes in the secondary schools in Ondo State Nigeria.As a correlational survey, the study population comprised all the 257 secondary schools that presented students for the year 2003 senior secondary certificate (SSC) examinations in the State.Out of the population, a sample of 180 schools was drawn through the process of stratified random sampling technique.An inventory and a semi-structured interview schedule were the instruments used to collect information for the study.The data collected were analysed using the chi square test, correlation analysis and t-test.The semi-structured interview was conducted with selected principals and education officers.Their responses were analysed through content analysis.The findings revealed that teachers' teaching experience was significant with student' learning outcomes as measured by their performance in the SSC examinations.Schools having more teachers with five years and above teaching experience achieved better results than schools having more teachers with less than five years teaching experience.Considering the findings, it was recommended that government should encourage experienced teachers to stay on the job through the provision of incentives such as better promotional prospects, better welfare package and better conditions of service.
openalex: W1983606698 mag: 1983606698
Keywords: openalex:import

Mathematics as Language for Involving Secondary School Children in Science and Technology in Ondo State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (Mathematics Connection, 2008)
This study examined Mathematics as Language for involving secondary schools Children in Science and Technology in Ondo State, Nigeria. As a correlational survey, it examined the relationship between Mathematics and other science subjects in schools' curriculum. The study population comprised all the 257 secondary schools that presented candidates for the 2003 Junior Secondary Certificate (JSC) and Senior Secondary Certificate (SSC) examinations in Ondo State Nigeria. The sample consisted of 180 schools selected from the population through stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used was an inventory while the data collected were analyzed with the use of percentages, t-test, correlation and multiple regression. The findings show that there was a significant correlation between JSC Mathematics and SSC Mathematic, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and agric science. The performance in SSC Mathematics also correlated significantly with the performance in SSC Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Agric science. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Ondo State Government should intensify more efforts at promoting the teaching of Mathematics in secondary schools. This could be done by supplying more specialist teachers in Mathematics to all secondary schools in the State and organizing seminars and workshops on new strategies for the teaching and learning of Mathematics in secondary schools. Keywords: mathematics, bedrock, science, education, predictor, performance, mathematics across science curriculum, mathematics across technology curriculumMathematics Connection Vol. 6 2007: pp. 8-20
openalex: W1965570160 mag: 1965570160
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' Teaching Experience and Students' Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
This article examined teachers' teaching experience and students' learning outcomes in the secondary schools in Ondo State Nigeria.As a correlational survey, the study population comprised all the 257 secondary schools that presented students for the year 2003 senior secondary certificate (SSC) examinations in the State.Out of the population, a sample of 180 schools was drawn through the process of stratified random sampling technique.An inventory and a semi-structured interview schedule were the instruments used to collect information for the study.The data collected were analysed using the chi square test, correlation analysis and t-test.The semi-structured interview was conducted with selected principals and education officers.Their responses were analysed through content analysis.The findings revealed that teachers' teaching experience was significant with student' learning outcomes as measured by their performance in the SSC examinations.Schools having more teachers with five years and above teaching experience achieved better results than schools having more teachers with less than five years teaching experience.Considering the findings, it was recommended that government should encourage experienced teachers to stay on the job through the provision of incentives such as better promotional prospects, better welfare package and better conditions of service.
openalex: W2190928669 mag: 2190928669
Keywords: openalex:import

Addressing Poverty in Ghana: The Role of Home Economics Education - Arkhurst, AE (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
This paper focused on the role Home Economics education can play in poverty alleviation.It identifies poor education as a serious major contributing factor to poverty.It highlights the problems of poverty and concludes by suggesting measures for coping with the problems and alleviating poverty in Ghana.
openalex: W1988269841 mag: 1988269841
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Calculator Use in Mathematics Computation by Junior Secondary School Form Two Pupils: A Case Study in the Cape Coast Municipality in Ghana - Asare-Inkoom, A; Gyamerah, SA; Najimudeen, AM (Mathematics Connection, 2008)
The purpose of the study was to find out whether the use of calculators in the computation of mathematics would enhance pupils\' achievement in the subject. A sample of 160 pupils, randomly selected from three junior secondary schools, were involved in the study. In one school, 60 pupils were selected while in the other two schools, 50 pupils were randomly selected from each school. In each school, the selected pupils were put into experimental and control groups. A pretest was administered and the results showed no significant difference in pupils\' performances in all the schools. Selected topics from pupils\' mathematics syllabus were taught to each group. In addition to the teaching, the experimental groups, in each school, were exposed to the use of the calculator in mathematical computations. A posttest results, after the treatment period, showed significant differences in performances in each school. When all the results from the three schools were put together the results still showed significant difference in performance between the two groups. A number of recommendations had been made. Keywords: calculator, mathematical computationsMathematics Connection Vol. 6 2007: pp. 33-40
openalex: W2005326483 mag: 2005326483
Keywords: openalex:import

Sex-Differences in Attitudes towards Mathematics of Junior Secondary School Pupils in the Central Region of Ghana - Asare-Nkoom, S (African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 2008)
The study investigated junior secondary school pupils' attitudes towards mathematics. In addition, it investigated gender differences in attitudes towards the subject. The purposive sampling method was used to select nine schools in the Cape Coast Municipality, involving 581 pupils. Questionnaires on attitudes towards mathematics were used to gather data. The data was analyzed using the computer. The analysis involved calculating means, and finding significant differences in means of specific respondents by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of these analyses showed that both boys and girls at the JSS level had positive attitudes towards mathematics in all eight attitude dimensions. Both sexes did not see mathematics as a male dominated domain, with girls seeing it less a male domain than boys. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 5 2007: pp. 21-27
openalex: W2076523137 mag: 2076523137
Keywords: openalex:import

A Comparative Study of the Teaching Efficiency of Outreach Trained and Non-Outreach Trained Basic School Mathematics Teachers in the Central Region of Ghana - Davis, EK; Aboagye, J. K. (Mathematics Connection, 2008)
This study sought to find out whether there are differences in the teaching efficiency between outreach trained teachers and their non-outreach trained colleagues. The outreach programme is an in-service programme which was designed by the University of Cape Coast in 1997 to help upgrade trained certificate “A” teachers to Diploma and degree levels and also reduce the annual shortage of teachers which is caused by increasing demand for further studies by classroom teachers. The study was carried out in the Central Region of Ghana using the survey method. Two hundred and seventy questionnaires were administered and responded to by 58 participants of the in-service training, six non-participant teachers, 40 headteachers and 20 circuit supervisors. Twelve teachers, six each of the participants and non-participants had their lesson observed. One INSET participant and two headteachers were interviewed. Analysis of the results revealed that outreach trained teachers were found to have a higher teaching efficiency than their non-outreach trained colleagues. The study further revealed that teachers observed did not generally make use of teaching learning materials in their lessons. The study recommended that there is the urgent need to encourage teachers to develop the habit of using teaching aids in their lesson to facilitate proper understanding of mathematics. Keywords: teaching efficiency, in-service training, distance educationMathematics Connection Vol. 6 2007: pp. 21-32
openalex: W2064872070 mag: 2064872070
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change and Agriculture in Africa: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies - Brown, Molly E.; McCusker, Brent (Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2008)
As climate change has emerged as a significant threat, there is much concern about how vulnerable agricultural communities will adapt, particularly as global population continues to rise. Much of the current lack of productivity and economic marginalization of African agriculture arises from global trade regimes that give a competitive advantage to Western farmers, from low use of agricultural inputs, and from a dearth of infrastructure and services for the agriculture sector. For centuries, African farmers have used a wide variety of risk‐reducing livelihood strategies, including diversifying income sources, switching crops, and investing in marketing. However, improving their productivity to “modern” levels has remained a distant dream, resulting in a continual reduction in investment in the sector over the past five decades.
openalex: W2001417822 mag: 2001417822
Keywords: openalex:import

Appropriate training and retention of community doctors in rural areas: a case study from Mali - Dormael, Monique Van; Dugas, Sylvie; Kone, Y; Coulibaly, Seydou; Sy, Mansour; Marchal, Bruno; Desplats, Dominique (Human resources for health, 2008)
While attraction of doctors to rural settings is increasing in Mali, there is concern for their retention. An orientation course for young practicing rural doctors was set up in 2003 by a professional association and a NGO. The underlying assumption was that rurally relevant training would strengthen doctors' competences and self-confidence, improve job satisfaction, and consequently contribute to retention.Programme evaluation distinguished trainees' opinions, competences and behaviour. Data were collected through participant observation, group discussions, satisfaction questionnaires, a monitoring tool of learning progress, and follow up visits. Retention was assessed for all 65 trainees between 2003 and 2007.The programme consisted of four classroom modules–clinical skills, community health, practice management and communication skills–and a practicum supervised by an experienced rural doctor. Out of the 65 trained doctors between 2003 and 2007, 55 were still engaged in rural practice end of 2007, suggesting high retention for the Malian context. Participants viewed the training as crucial to face technical and social problems related to rural practice. Discussing professional experience with senior rural doctors contributed to socialisation to novel professional roles. Mechanisms underlying training effects on retention include increased self confidence, self esteem as rural doctor, and sense of belonging to a professional group sharing a common professional identity. Retention can however not be attributed solely to the training intervention, as rural doctors benefit from other incentives and support mechanisms (follow up visits, continuing training, mentoring...) affecting job satisfaction.Training increasing self confidence and self esteem of rural practitioners may contribute to retention of skilled professionals in rural areas. While reorientations of curricula in training institutions are necessary, other types of professional support are needed. This experience suggests that professional associations dedicated to strengthening quality of care can contribute significantly to rural practitioners' morale.
openalex: W2091157021 mag: 2091157021
Keywords: openalex:import

Building capacity for antiretroviral delivery in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the PALSA PLUS nurse training programme - Stein, J; Lewin, Simon; Fairall, Lara; Mayers, Pat; English, René; Bheekie, Angeni; Bateman, Eric D.; Zwarenstein, Merrick (BMC Health Services Research, 2008)
South Africa recently launched a national antiretroviral treatment programme. This has created an urgent need for nurse-training in antiretroviral treatment (ART) delivery. The PALSA PLUS programme provides guidelines and training for primary health care (PHC) nurses in the management of adult lung diseases and HIV/AIDS, including ART. A process evaluation was undertaken to document the training, explore perceptions regarding the value of the training, and compare the PALSA PLUS training approach (used at intervention sites) with the provincial training model. The evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of the PALSA PLUS nurse-training (Trial reference number ISRCTN24820584).Qualitative methods were utilized, including participant observation of training sessions, focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed thematically.Nurse uptake of PALSA PLUS training, with regard not only to ART specific components but also lung health, was high. The ongoing on-site training of all PHC nurses, as opposed to the once-off centralized training provided for ART nurses only at non-intervention clinics, enhanced nurses' experience of support for their work by allowing, not only for ongoing experiential learning, supervision and emotional support, but also for the ongoing managerial review of all those infrastructural and system-level changes required to facilitate health provider behaviour change and guideline implementation. The training of all PHC nurses in PALSA PLUS guideline use, as opposed to ART nurses only, was also perceived to better facilitate the integration of AIDS care within the clinic context.PALSA PLUS training successfully engaged all PHC nurses in a comprehensive approach to a range of illnesses affecting both HIV positive and negative patients. PHC nurse-training for integrated systems-based interventions should be prioritized on the ART funding agenda. Training for individual provider behaviour change is nonetheless only one aspect of the ongoing system-wide interventions required to effect lasting improvements in patient care in the context of an over-burdened and under-resourced PHC system.
openalex: W2043419100 mag: 2043419100
Keywords: openalex:import

GUIDANCE: Development of a guidance programme for students with special educational needs in Kenya: a study on personal orientation - Wamocho, Franciscah Irangi; Karugu, Geoffrey K.; Nwoye, Augustine (British Journal of Special Education, 2008)
In this article, Franciscah Wamocho, lecturer and chairperson, Geoffrey Karugu, senior lecturer, both in the Department of Special Education, and Augustine Nwoye, Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology, all from Kenyatta University in Nairobi, argue that people with disabilities are likely to need the support of counselling services. The study reported here sought to collect baseline data that could be used in designing a comprehensive guidance programme for students with disabilities in secondary phase special schools and vocational rehabilitation training centres in Kenya. A personal orientation inventory was employed to measure values and behaviours among 229 students with visual impairments, hearing impairments and physical disabilities. The results reveal that the students with special educational needs may be non‐self‐actualising. The trend suggests that students with special needs may be living in the past or future with a lot of regrets and negative sentiments. Taking account of insights derived from Maslow's theory of self‐actualisation and other related literature, the findings of this study appear to reinforce the need for a guidance and counselling programme to be developed for students with special educational needs in Kenya. This study reveals the direction that such a programme could take if it is to be of benefit to a Kenyan clientele with special educational needs.
openalex: W4252437809
Keywords: openalex:import

Adjustment Strategies Of Retirees In South West Nigeria: Implication For Retirement Education - Ayena, Olugbenga Oladapo; Adika, Lawrence Olagoke; Shittu, John Idowu (Gender and behaviour, 2008)
This study examined the adjustment strategies of retirees in South West Nigeria. The target population for the study was all retirees in South West Nigeria. The sample consisted of 725 respondents selected from the six states in the South West geo-political zone of the country using the multi-stage sampling technique. Adapted Adjustment Strategies Scale (ASS) was used to collect data for the study. Content validity of the instrument was subjected to test-retest reliability technique using the Pearson\'s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient formula. The validity yielded a coefficient of 0.73. Three research hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Data collected were analyzed using t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that there was no significant difference among retirees in South West Nigeria in their coping strategies on the basis of age and religion but there was a significant difference on the basis of gender. The findings of this study have implications for psychologists, guidance counsellors and educationists alike. It was therefore recommended that psychologists and guidance counsellors through their various professional associations should sensitize the government on the need for retirement education for both pre-retirees and retirees in the country.Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 2008-2019
openalex: W2009880276 mag: 2009880276
Keywords: openalex:import

ICT In Higher Education in South Africa: Possibilities and Limits - Cross, Michael (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W1481210143 mag: 1481210143
Keywords: openalex:import

Strategy for progressing from in-house training into e-learning using Activity Theory at a South African university - Dehinbo, Johnson (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W595374564 mag: 595374564
Keywords: openalex:import

Through the looking glass? Learning from Simulating Rwanda - Hintjens, Helen (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W1510358434 mag: 1510358434
Keywords: openalex:import

Developing E-learning Courseware/E-Modules for a Medical, Dentistry and Pharmacy University in Africa (Mozambique) - Javeri, Manisha (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W1551976015 mag: 1551976015
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges Facing Female Distance Learners Of The University Of Cape Coast, Ghana - Mensa, Kwame Opong; Ahiatrogah, Paul Dela; Deku, Prosper (Gender and behaviour, 2008)
This study surveyed the challenges that female students on the University of Cape Coast Distance Education Programme face. A 78 - item questionnaire that yielded a reliability correlation coefficient alpha of 0.79 was used to collect data from 895 participants. The findings show that meetings for face-to-face tutorials and end of semester examinations are not convenient to female distance learners. Other challenges noted were, health problems, difficulty combining house management with studies, meeting financial obligations, time management, access to libraries, and feedback. It is, therefore, suggested that gender sensitive issues should be pushed further to enable female distance learners have a fairer deal and, counseling services should assume a centre stage in the whole Distance Education Programme. Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 1751-1764
openalex: W2014291719 mag: 2014291719
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher Development Programs in English through Media Convergence of Technologies in Eritrea - Murthy, C.S.H.N. (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W2273391350 mag: 2273391350
Keywords: openalex:import

Students' Perception of Digital Resources in Higher Education in Africa - Ngimwa, Pauline (2008)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of students on digital resources in universities in Africa. Digital resources in this study encompassed information resources from digital library and from e-learning. A mixed methods approach was employed with qualitative method being dominant, and was carried out within a case study design involving University of Nairobi students from two disciplines, lecturers and librarians. Interviews with students were triangulated with informal interviews with their lecturers and librarians, observations and documented quantitative data. The data was analyzed using thematic analytical approach. The study found that students take control of their usage of digital resources. They perceive e-leaming resources and digital library resources as intertwined into one learning resource. In addition, high IT skills among students and lecturers impact on students’ expectations of roles and levels of engagement with lecturers and librarians. The librarians’ role seems to be taken on by the lecturers. In this process, librarians are left out of participation in an e-learning environment. A related project suggests a user-focused, more collaborative model in which librarians, lecturers and students can engage with each other more in order to leverage the benefits of digital resources for learning.
openalex: W2981385065 mag: 2981385065
Keywords: openalex:import

Influence of Video Learning on Sex Education – Towards Eradicating AIDS in Africa - Ojeme, Caroline; Adesope, Olusola; Adesope, Tolulope (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
openalex: W1571436815 mag: 1571436815
Keywords: openalex:import

Dual Protection, Contraceptive Use And Hiv Risk Among A Sample Of South African Male And Female Students - Peltzer, Karl; Pengpid, Supa (Gender and behaviour, 2008)
The aim of this study was to investigate dual protection, contraceptive use and HIV risk in a sample of South African male and female university students. The final sample included only participants who reported to ever have had sexual intercourse (n=386, 94.6% of the 408 surveyed; 190 men, 49.2% and 196 women, 50.8%; median age 22years). Results indicate that 71% were protected from both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections the last time they had sexual intercourse, 8.8% using dual methods and 61.8% using a condom alone; 11.4% were protected from pregnancy only through the use of a non-barrier contraceptive, while 21% of the participants used no method at all. In multivariate analysis, higher education of the father, being married or in a steady relationship, multiple (casual and steady) sex partnership, having had a sexually transmitted infection, pregnancy risk experienced and higher HIV risk perception were predictors of dual protection (condom use alone or with non-barrier methods). Dual method use is low in this population and the use of contraceptive methods that offer protection against pregnancy and STIs/HIV is encouraged. Keywords: Dual protection, contraceptive use, HIV risk, university students, gender, South Africa Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 1858-1869
openalex: W2049983346 mag: 2049983346
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender Differences In The Anticipation Of Difficulties In Finding Employment Among University Students: A Botswana Study - Plattner, IE; Mzingwane, Bagele (Gender and behaviour, 2008)
A study investigated gender differences in the anticipation of difficulties in finding employment among 232 final-year undergraduate students at the University of Botswana. Compared to their male counterparts, female students worried significantly more that they might not find a job (p=0.005) and that this might cause other problems in their life (p=0.017). Male students were more likely to believe that they did not have to worry about finding a job while still at university (p=0.003). Compared to male students, females were more likely to discuss their career plans with their friends (p=0.001) and parents (p=0.018). Both male and female students displayed a strong sense of external locus of control and causal attribution. They believed that “connections” with the “right people” would help them in getting a job. They blamed others, especially government, in case they could not get employment. The findings are discussed with regard to possible effects on students' job-searching behaviours. Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 1960-1981
openalex: W1990986556 mag: 1990986556
Keywords: openalex:import

Giving Access to e-books to South African Students: Is it Scalable? - Stoltenkamp, Juliet; Mayedwa, Mziwoxolo; Mandyoli, Sinethemba; Kies, Carolynne (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2008)
The University of the Western Cape realises that no institution can be more competitive and be able to deliver access and support services to a diverse and greater number of learners while ignoring the reality and challenges that are brought by eLearning. Learners are constantly exposed to change and are accountable for the analysis of the impact of change in any institution and the thoughtful action to position the institution globally. This report refers to the internal perspective of change management and support processes within the International Association for Digital Publication (IADP), an eLearning pilot project. There are many factors that may influence the success of this eLearning initiative, one of which being the integrated support structures for this initiative and related factors. The purpose of this report is to make the eLearning domain explicit by reflecting on its position within the IADP project. It reflects on the expectations of training, support and development of eLearning teaching-and-learning activities. Moreover the report highlights the principles and processes of eLearning project management and how it integrates with the various processes of the larger project.
openalex: W2125816759 mag: 2125816759
Keywords: openalex:import

4 - The Contradictory and Complementary Relationship Between Student Constructive Engagement and Protest Strategies in South African Higher Education - Cele, Mlungisi (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2008)
Some claim that the present democratic state has made enormous progress in transforming South African society in general and higher education in particular. On the contrary, there is persistent and widening social inequality reflected in all spheres of life affecting predominantly poor, African and working class strata of society. On average, about 25 per cent of students leave higher education institu- tions annually in South Africa because they are excluded on academic and finan- cial grounds. To reduce dropout/exclusions student boycotts and protests are com- mon despite the institutionalisation of student participation (commonly referred to as ‘constructive engagement’) in higher education (HE) governance in 1997. The paper explores the dimensions of various protests and examines some of the effects of student participation in HE governance structures.
openalex: W2277549299 mag: 2277549299
Keywords: openalex:import

6 - The Private Higher Education Sector in Africa: Current Trends and Themes in Six Country Studies - Thaver, Beverley (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2008)
In Africa, the phenomenon of access to public higher education is under much pres- sure, and is harnessed by (among others) two privatization forces. These refer to the retreat of the state in terms of the provisioning of public higher education and the global economic rush which have culminated in both an increase in the number and to some extent the range of private higher education institutional types offering diverse course offerings. Although still small in scale and not representing a domi- nant share of higher education enrolment, their existence signals that they are meet- ing a social function of access in Africa, albeit limited. In light of this, there are traces of course offerings that suggest a small alignment with the economic and social needs of a modern society. Caught between the interstices of global eco- nomic capital and national societal functions, these institutions’ mandates and iden- tities are beginning to be stretched to meet modern imperatives. But, in this vortex, they are simultaneously hamstrung by certain sustainable systemic elements that go against the grain of the requirements for traditional higher education. Following this line of argument, the article begins with an overview of six country studies in Africa, including an outline of some of the discursive trends. It concludes by pro- viding a snapshot glimpse into the private higher education sector in South Africa.
openalex: W2116252223 mag: 2116252223
Keywords: openalex:import

Old Wine in New Skins: The University of Benin Art Department and the “Art School” Trend in Nigeria - Odiboh, Freeborn (Lagos Historical Review, 2008)
In Nigeria, many artists, critics and scholars of art have been quick to justify the preoccupation of Nigerian tertiary institutions Art Departments with the quest for an identity. Some Art Departments of Nigerian higher institutions have since been identified with one trait or the other and are also classified with one trait or the other or classified as ‘art schools'. Art groupings and movements have also emerged in some of these Art Departments. Inspite of the vibrant and evolving artistic scene in Nigeria's Art Departments, many are worried that the Benin Art Department has not made a collective presence felt on the Nigerian art scene. Certainly, it remains one of the least publicized of the Art Departments in Nigerian institutions. Contrary to these views, the University of Benin Art Department remains an artistic environment of the various representational styles and other artistic approaches as well as subject matter in Nigeria. It can best be likened to a complex art forum where students from various Nigerian Universities and Polytechnics converge to sublimate their art. Despite the now familiar criticisms, there is indeed an underlying philosophy of the totality of the arts in the Benin Art Department as obtained in the pre-colonial period, an attitude, which in turn has encouraged within the Art Department, the development of diverse styles.Lagos Historical Review Vol. 8 2008: pp. 33-48
openalex: W2008900042 mag: 2008900042
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of major HIV- risk related behaviour among SSS3 students in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria - Aomreore, Abiola A.; Alikor, E A D (African Journal of Health Sciences, 2008)
The paper intended to find the prevalence of HIV infection risk-related behaviours among third year senior secondary school students in Port Harcourt metropolis.A cross-sectional survey among 1800 third year senior secondary school students randomly selected from thirteen secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis was done using two-stage sampling technique.Demographic data and information on the sexual behaviour of each student in the study group was obtained from self-administered structured questionnaire.The prevalence of sexual intercourse was 61.1%.Males were more sexually active than females.Age of first sexual intercourse was 13.2±5.6 years for males and 13.9±4.1 years for females.Of the sexually active students, 32.6% had multiple sexual partners.Sexual activity of the students did not increase with age.The prevalence of Intravenous drug use (IVDU) was found to be 1.4%.The use of intravenous drugs was more among the males (80.8%) than among the females.The prevalence of blood transfusion is 10.3%.Among the sexually active students only 437 (36.9%) used condom.Sex of student, social class and school gender were significant predictors of ever-had sexual activity.The paper concludes that the prevalence of sexual behaviour related to the development of HIV/AIDS amongst the students is high.The need to highlight HIV/AIDS education programmes in the school curriculum of adolescents is discussed.
openalex: W1998881621 mag: 1998881621
Keywords: openalex:import

4 - The Private Provision of Higher Education in Ethiopia: Growth, Challenges, and Prospects* - Nwuke, Kasirim (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2008)
Since the overthrow of the Derg in 1991, the government of Ethiopia has em- barked on a number of reforms of the higher education sector. These reforms have been driven by the need to address geographical and structural imbalances in the higher education system, the increasingly sophisticated demand of both the public and expanding private sector for high quality employees, and the chang- ing context of international economic competition. The key elements of these reforms are: expanding access; addressing the geographical distribution of ac- cess; improving quality; and encouraging competition in the provision of higher education by allowing private provision. Since these reforms were enacted, the private higher education sector has grown significantly, providing both enhanced access to higher education and diversification of the higher education curricula. The emergence of a pluralistic higher education sector presents threats and op- portunities and has, as a consequence, generated considerable public policy de- bate in the country. However, there has been very little analysis of the sector to serve as a basis for decision-making. This paper seeks to provide information on the private higher education sector in Ethiopia by examining the general characteristics of the private provision sector and its contribution to expanding access and on the creation of new knowl- edge through research. It also examines the likely impact of plural providers on quality and the policy options adopted by the government. The analysis shows that the private sector is making a significant contribution to the expansion of higher education in Ethiopia, especially with respect to expanding access to women and the production of intermediate-level technical skills that the expanding Ethio- pian economy needs. Secondly, due to the relatively small size of private provid- ers and the tight regulatory restrictions on the types of courses and programmes that they offer, private higher education is unlikely to threaten the average qual- ity of higher education in Ethiopia in the short term. Concerns at this time about quality may be premature. However, due to capital and capacity constraints, the scope of the sector to contribute to the creation of new knowledge is limited. Finally, the paper argues that the future of private provision in Ethiopia depends critically on the growth of the public sector. In the short to medium term, it is the public higher education sector that will provide the bulk of the skills needed to staff the private provision sector. It will also depend on the growth of the Ethio- pian economy, on the policies of the government especially in respect of expan- sion of the public provision sector, on the behaviour, performance and conduct of public higher education institutions and on the easing of regulatory restrictions. The paper also points to the need for additional research to better understand the constraints and possibilities of the sector.
openalex: W1542952068 mag: 1542952068
Keywords: openalex:import

Is HIV/AIDS in Africa distinct? What can we learn from an analysis of the literature? - Onyancha, Omwoyo Bosire; Ocholla, Dennis N. (Scientometrics, 2008)
This paper investigates, through an analysis of the published literature, the notion held by several people that HIV/AIDS in Africa is unique. Using co-word and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses of MEDLINE-extracted HIV/AIDS records, this study used five lists of terms to investigate the related-ness of various factors and diseases to HIV/AIDS. The lists consisted of risk factors, sexually transmitted diseases, tropical diseases, opportunistic diseases, and pre-disposing factors. Data (i.e. words.txt — consisting of keywords/phrases describing the aforementioned factors and diseases; and text.txt — containing HIV/AIDS papers’ titles) were analyzed using TI computer-aided application software, developed by Leydesdorff. Results revealed that several factors and diseases that are pre-dominant in Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited strong and high pattern of co-occurrences with HIV/AIDS, implying close associated-ness with the epidemic in the region. Further areas of research, whose results will be used to make conclusive observations and arguments concerning the uniqueness of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, are recommended.
openalex: W2102253477 mag: 2102253477
Keywords: openalex:import

Implementation of the Water Sensor Web for Floods and Droughts in South Africa - Sakulski, Dušan (2008)
openalex: W106159290 mag: 106159290
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Nigerian Children: - (The University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital) Experience - Altraide, Dasetima; George, I. O.; Frank-Briggs, AI (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2008)
Skin diseases are frequently encountered in the tropics and are a serious cause of morbidity, disfigurement and distress in all age groups. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and common dermatological conditions encountered in UPTH.Children aged 0-16 years attending the dermatology clinic in UPTH from June 2005 to November 2007 were prospectively studied.A total of 1,226 skin disorders were seen, 247 (20.1%) were children aged 0-16 years. Skin disorder was commoner in females 139 (56.3%) than males 108 (43.7%). Papular urticaria 36 (14.6%), atopic dermatitis 34 (13.8%) and tinea 31(12.6%) were the most commonly observed childhood skin diseases.Skin diseases such as papular urticaria and atopic dermatitis are important dermatological problems in our environment. Implementation of public health policies and improvement in personal hygiene would reduce the prevalence of skin diseases in Nigerian children.
openalex: W2061738563 mag: 2061738563
Keywords: openalex:import

Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Impairment among Detergent Plant Workers in Jos, Northern Nigeria - Babashani, Musa; Iliyasu, Zubairu; Okoli, C. O. (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2008)
The industrial process of detergent production could be deleterious to lung function. This study describes respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function impairment among detergent workers in Jos, Northern Nigeria.Two hundred detergent plant workers and controls were studied for the presence of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function impairment using the MRC questionnaire and Spirometry.A significantly higher proportion of exposed detergent workers 178 (87.0%) reported respiratory symptoms compared to 52 (26.0%) controls [OR=23; 95% CI=12.9-41.3] (P<0.001). Commonest symptoms include rhinitis (57.5% versus 11.0%) and cough (48.5% versus 15%). Symptoms were most prevalent in the packaging section. FEV1, FVC and PEFR were significantly reduced among exposed detergent workers. Similarly, the predicted values of PEFR, FVC and FEV1, were significantly reduced among smokers (P<0. 001).Respiratory symptoms are highly prevalent among detergent workers. This was associated with impaired pulmonary function. Protective equipment and periodic lung function tests could reduce these effects.
openalex: W2023547226 mag: 2023547226
Keywords: openalex:import

A Survey of Information Sources Used by Secondary School Students in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria for Knowledge and Attitudes Towards HIV/AIDS - Nwezeh, Chinwe M. T. (Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 2008)
ABSTRACT The paper presents the findings of an investigation into adolescents' sexual behavior and action taken to avoid infection among secondary school students in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas of Osun State. Provision of accurate information has and will continue to be at the forefront of efforts to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, particularly human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). It will also help in the development of positive attitudes to people living with HIV/AIDS. Thus the paper investigates the knowledge and awareness about sexually transmitted infections, the general belief and attitudes related to HIV infection and persons with AIDS among secondary school students in these two local government areas in Osun State, Nigeria. A questionnaire with questions on sexually transmitted infections, self-assessed knowledge about HIV/AIDS modes of transmission and prevention, attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS, and sources of information on HIV/AIDS was administered. The mean age of students was 15.5 years, with ages ranging from 12 to 21 years. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge on general belief, mode of transmission, and precautionary measures against HIV. Few of them had misconceptions especially on modes of transmission. The proportion of respondents that demonstrated intolerant attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS ranged from 22.5% to 50.5% for the various questions that expressed stigmatizing attitudes. The main sources of information for HIV/AIDS awareness as reported by the respondents were the television (65.5%), the radio (75.8%), billboards/posters (72.6%), school teachers (22.5%), churches/mosques (20.5%), libraries (10.7), and the Internet (8.5%). In the light of these findings, it is suggested that more information awareness programs are needed in the secondary schools in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria, to correct inadequate knowledge on modes of transmission so that the students develop positive attitudes towards HIV-positives and AIDS patients. The mass media was identified as the leading information sources in the survey. Therefore it need to implement innovative strategies to improve public knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The role of teachers and librarians in information provision on HIV/AIDS and also other sexually transmitted diseases are discussed.
openalex: W2030211470 mag: 2030211470
Keywords: openalex:import

Outcomes of colostomy reversal procedures in two teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Bekele, Abebe; Kotisso, B; Biluts, Hagos (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2008)
Background : Colostomy creation and reversal procedures are common procedures, frequently performed by surgeons working in Ethiopia. Collected information is lacking concerning the outcome of colostomy reversal procedures in the country. Methods : A hospital based retrospective analysis was undertaken to describe the patterns of patients who underwent colostomy reversal, the timing of colostomy reversal, the frequently witnessed complications and the postoperative outcomes of patients admitted to the Tikur Anbessa and Saint Paul hospitals in Ethiopia for colostomy reversal procedure. Data was collected from 87 patients. Results : The majority of patients were males 70(82.8%). Seventy-six (87.4%) of the colostomies were situated in sigmoid colon and Hartmann’s colostomy was the most common type in 64 (60.6%). Most colostomies, 69 (79.3%), were created for non-trauma related disease conditions. The interval from the colostomy creation to colostomy closure varied from 8 weeks (2 months) to 72 weeks (18 months) with a mean interval of 28.2 weeks (6.6 months). Most, 71(81.6%) of the procedures were performed by consultant surgeons and the frequently used method was the two layered hand-sewn method in 72 (82.8%) patients. The overall incidence of complication was 17 (19.5 %). The rate of anastomotic leakage is 4(4.6 %). One patient who underwent sigmoid colostomy reversal done initially for gangrenous sigmoid volvulus died after anastomotic leak, making the overall mortality rate 1.1%. More complications occurred during Hartmann’s colostomy reversals. The morbidity rate for reversal performed within 16 weeks (4 months) of its creation was 3/28 (10.7%) for those within 16 to 24 weeks, 0/28 (0%); and for those after 24 weeks, 1/29 (3.4%). Conclusions and recommendations : Colostomy reversal is a commonly performed procedure in our setting and should be well mastered by consultant surgeons and residents under training. The associated morbidity and mortality are found to be low. It appears that delayed reversal is more advantageous and safer than early reversal procedures.
openalex: W2416169648 mag: 2416169648
Keywords: openalex:import

The epidemiology of cancers at Lusaka University Teaching Hospital in Zambia - Bowa, Kasonde; Wood, Colin; Chao, A; Chintu, Chifumbe; Mudenda, Victor; Chikwenya, M (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2008)
Background : The pattern of malignancy in Zambia has not been well studied 1 . The high HIV prevalence of 16% is known both to have increased the number of HIV related cancers seen in Zambia as well as to have significantly changed the pattern of malignancies 2 . Methods : This was a retrospective study based on pathology reports of specimens reviewed at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) pathology laboratory in Lusaka from January 1997 to December 2005. UTH is the main reference hospital in Zambia and has a catchment area of 1.3 million people 3 . Results : A total of 6672 pathology specimens were reported over this period. The male to female ratio was 1: 1.5. The most common cancer among men was Kaposi sarcoma which represented 20.9% of all male cancers seen. This was followed by cancer of the eye (14.3%), soft tissue sarcomas (10.9%) and cancer of the prostate (9.2%). The most common cancer in women was cancer of the cervix which represented 41.5% , followed by cancer of the eye (9%), cancer of the Breast (8.6%) and Kaposi Sarcoma 7.6%. Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma was the fifth most common cancer in both men and women accounting for 6.3% and 5%, respectively. The study revealed an increase in HIV related malignancies up to 2001 and a small gradual decline after this period. This may be attributed to high HIV and HPV infection in the population prior to the introduction of Anti retroviral therapy and the effect following it’s introduction. Conclusion : There has been a significant change in the pattern of malignancies at the UTH over the last 20years, with an increase the proportional incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma, cancer of the Cervix and Cancer of the Eye.
openalex: W2412697374 mag: 2412697374
Keywords: openalex:import

A Prospective Study of Penetrating Abdominal Trauma at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Southern Nigeria - Asuquo, Maurice E.; Bassey, Okon; Etiuma, Anietimfon U.; Ugare, Gabriel; Ngim, Ogbu (European journal of trauma and emergency surgery (Print), 2008)
openalex: W2051609069 mag: 2051609069
Keywords: openalex:import

Dust storm and black cloud influence on aerosol optical properties over Cairo and the Greater Delta region, Egypt - El-Askary, Hesham; Kafatos, Menas (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008)
Abstract We have analysed aerosol and cloud properties, obtained from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, over Cairo and the Greater Delta region during the spring months of March, April and May (MAM) and the autumn months of September, October and November (SON) in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. During these two time periods, we have examined dust storms, dense haze and a smog‐like phenomenon known, locally, as the ‘black cloud’. Our work is based on the aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine mode fraction (FMF) and cloud properties (cloud top temperature (CTT), cloud top pressure (CTP), atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) temperature profiles and water vapour column). High anomalous water vapour is detected, which we believe is as a result of pollution aerosols rather than dust and is hence acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The CTT shows increasing and decreasing trends, corresponding to the dust occurring at ∼750–800 hpa and pollution episodes at >900 hpa, respectively as observed from the CTP. Temperature inversion conditions, as well as adverse weather conditions, contribute to the pollution observed by preventing pollutants from escaping to the higher atmosphere. Acknowledgements The data used in this study were obtained from the NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center. All data sets were also downloaded from the Giovanni MODIS Online Visualization and Analysis System for comparison. This work is funded by USDA grant 58‐3148‐7‐044 and the Egyptian Academy of Science through a US–Egypt joint agreement, as well as through NASA GEC‐hri grant NNX06AF30G. The authors would like to extend their appreciation for the very helpful comments from the Editor (Ramesh Singh) and the anonymous reviewers during the reviewing process.
openalex: W1970286830 mag: 1970286830
Keywords: openalex:import

From the Expanding to the Outer Circle: South Koreans learning English in South Africa - Rooy, A. S. Coetzee-Van (English Today, 2008)
ABSTRACT Learners of English from ‘Expanding Circle’ countries like South Korea find new opportunities of advancing their English. There is a considerable body of knowledge about the experiences of students who go abroad to continue to learn their language of choice in a natural setting where it is the dominant language. The current position of English as the most dominant international language results in a new phenomenon related to language learning abroad. It is reported that children, and sometimes families, travel abroad to countries where they believe they could improve their English proficiency. This phenomenon seems to be particularly true for learners of English in traditional Expanding Circle contexts, for example, South Korea, where the increase in the status of English is widely reported in academic.
openalex: W2042744062 mag: 2042744062
Keywords: openalex:import

A new mantle xenolith locality from Simien shield volcano, NW Ethiopia - Ayalew, Dereje; Arndt, N. T.; Bastien, Florence; Yirgu, Gezahegn; Kieffer, Bruno (Geological Magazine, 2008)
Abstract Thin-section observations and electron probe analyses, and trace element data are reported from a new mantle xenolith hosted in Miocene alkali basalt from the western flank of Simien shield volcano, Ethiopia. The spinel lherzolite enclaves contain variable proportions of olivine, orthopyroxene, green clinopyroxene and brown spinel, and have undergone deformation and partial recrystallization. They represent unmetasomatized, fertile xenoliths which were subjected to a late-stage melt–rock reaction. Trace element contents of clinopyroxene crystals are extremely low and quite different from those of the other xenoliths within the East African Rift System.
openalex: W2140569261 mag: 2140569261
Keywords: openalex:import

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF DEATH BY BLACK AFRICAN LEARNERS IN A RURAL AREA - Mdleleni-Bookholane, Tembeka Norah (2008)
openalex: W2132725913 mag: 2132725913
Keywords: openalex:import

Public Expenditure On Education And Economic Growth In Nigeria - Okuneye, BA; Maku, OE; Ayinla, AT (Journal of Research in National Development, 2008)
No doubt, human resources constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of nations. Capital and natural resources are passive factors of production; human beings are the active agents who accumulate capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economic and political organization for sustainable economic development. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the impact of public on education on the economic growth and development in Nigeria. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method of analysis was utilized for the data analysis. The paper observes that misplacement of priority, poor budgetary allocation, and lack of political will to education has been the bane behind the dwindling fortune of the educational sector in Nigeria. The paper therefore urges the government to show greater commitment to educational development in terms of improved budgetary allocations. Keywords: Education, Government Expenditure, Government Policy, Economic Growth. JORIND Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 1-1
openalex: W2088751357 mag: 2088751357
Keywords: openalex:import

Parents\' Education And Students\' Performance In Educational Statistics At Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria - Ozurumba, CN; Briggs, Adam; Ebuara, VO; Emanghe, E (Journal of Research in National Development, 2008)
Education has been recognized as the greatest investment that any nation can make for the quick development of its human and material resources (NPE, 2004). The realization of this, perhaps, acted as an impetus in the effort of parents towards education of their ward. This paper critically examined the influence of parental level of education on the performance of their children in educational statistics at a higher level of education. The population consist of all higher education students studying education statistics and resident at the FederalCapitalTerritory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The sample involved in this study was 250 students randomly selected. A 47 item-questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Oral interview and practical observation were made as complementary tools. One null hypothesis was formulated and tested using independent t-test analysis. The result showed that, though parents level of education affects children\'s academic performance, other variables such as school environment, facilities are also important. On this conclusion it was recommended that: (i) Parents should provide needs for their children on time at home and school. (ii) Government and school managers should assist in the education of children by providing necessary facilities and employ qualified teachers Keywords: performance; parents; students; educationalJORIND Vol. 5 (2) 2007: pp. 10-10
openalex: W1971042594 mag: 1971042594
Keywords: openalex:import

Traditional justice and reconciliation after violent conflict. Learning from African experiences Luc Huyse & Mark Salter International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Stockholm, 2008 - Verdoolaege, Annelies (AVRUG-bulletin, 2008)
openalex: W3131282855 mag: 3131282855
Keywords: openalex:import

Management Of Indiscipline Among Teachers By Principals Of Public And Private Secondary Schools In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria - Ekpoh, UI (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2008)
This study compared the management of indiscipline among teachers by public and private school principals in Akwa Ibom State. The sample comprised four hundred and fifty (450) principals/vice principals randomly selected from a population of one thousand, four hundred and twenty eight (1,428) principals. The null hypothesis that guided the study was tested with a questionnaire titled Management of Teachers' Indiscipline Questionnaire (MTIQ). Independent t-test used to analyse the data yielded the finding that public school principals differed significantly from their private school counterparts in the management of indiscipline among teachers. On the basis of the finding, it was recommended that regular workshops and seminars involving both public and private school principal should be organized so that there will be exchange of ideas on effective management of teachers' indiscipline. Keywords: Indiscipline, Management, School, Teachers and PrincipalsGlobal Journal for Educational Research Vol. 6 (1&2) 2007: pp. 35-38
openalex: W1979054387 mag: 1979054387
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS secondary school peer education in rural Nigeria - Maas, Frank van der; Otte, Willem M. (Health Education Research, 2008)
In this study, we assessed whether peer education is an effective method of HIV/AIDS awareness, in terms of knowledge, misconception and behavior, among adolescents in the rural area of Nigeria. A comparative case series (n = 250), cross-sectional structured survey (n = 135) and focus group discussions (n = 80) were undertaken among adolescents. In both the case series and structured survey, a questionnaire was used which addresses the following issues: socio-demography, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, accessibility to different sources of HIV/AIDS information, stigmatization and sexual behavior. Binary logistic regression was applied to compare responses from the peer-educated and not peer-educated populations. The model was adjusted for confounders. We demonstrated increased knowledge and decreased misconception and sexual risk behavior in adolescents receiving peer education as compared to adolescents not receiving peer education. These differences are apparent both over time (2005-2007) and cross-sectional (2007). In conclusion, peer education in rural areas can be effective in HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge and behavior can be influenced positively.
openalex: W2172271400 mag: 2172271400
Keywords: openalex:import

Tackling Assessment-Related Obstacles To Education For All (Efa) And The Realization Of Millennium Development Goals (Mdgs) In African Countries - Nenty, HJ (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2008)
Education for all (EFA) and millennium development goals (MDGs) presuppose an effective assessment procedure which provides every learner equal opportunity to have his/her potentials identified and developed. The quality of assessment process used determines the level to which learners want and like to learn. The determinant of the quality of assessment is the quality of training given to teachers on assessment. But African teachers, especially at the primary school level are known to be very wanting in assessment skills (Nenty, Adedoyin, Odili & Major, 2007). The inability of African teachers to use assessment to create and maintain a welcoming and a conducive environment within which learners want and like to learn is a serious obstacle to the achievement of EFA and MDGs. If there is no efficient use of assessment to ensure effective teaching and learning in African classrooms, if the instruments and the procedures used in assessment introduce bias against any group of examinees; if classroom tests and hence instructions are examination-driven instead of curriculum-driven; if learners' performance is dependent on the particular testing instrument used; if examination malpractices is institutionalized, and if assessment is of learning instead of for learning, then EFA cannot be assured. This paper analyses these problems and suggests some means to overcome these obstacles Keywords: Assessment for learning; education for all; millennium development goals; item bias, examination malpracticeGlobal Journal for Educational Research Vol. 6 (1&2) 2007: pp. 29-34
openalex: W2040140347 mag: 2040140347
Keywords: openalex:import

Information And Communication Technology (Ict) As A Tool For Health Education Curriculum Implementation In Nigeria - Oshodin, OG; Idehen, C. O. (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2008)
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) consist of the newest innovation in the world of telecommunication systems. It is highly efficient, communicative, interactive and a powerful educational system. This paper is of the position that ICT can be useful in the process of implementing the several components of the health education curriculum within the school setting. However, the efficacy of employing ICT systems in health education instructional process may be seemingly difficult if the basic challenges of IT are not addressed. These challenges were enumerated and include poor installation of ICT related facilities, irregular electricity/power supply and poor maintenance culture. In order to contain these challenges, the authors suggested that proper installation, handling and storage of ICT facilities including wireless components must be well organized and coordinated, teachers and students should show interest and benefit from using ICT facilities; where electricity is not available, alternative source of power must be provided early enough by teachers and students, the school management and the host community. If ICT is properly employed in the school environment, health education teachers and students can work more efficiently. Thus better productivity, communication, research and the actualization of health education curriculum objectives are assured.Global Journal for Educational Research Vol. 6 (1&2) 2007: pp. 11-14
openalex: W2059087249 mag: 2059087249
Keywords: openalex:import

Classroom Assessment in Malawi:: Teachers'' Perceptions and Practices in Mathematics - Susuwele-Banda, William John (2008)
This study investigated teachers’ perceptions of classroom assessment in mathematics and their current classroom assessments practices. Specifically, the study sought to gain an understanding of the extent to which teachers use different classroom assessment methods and tools to understand and to support both the learning and teaching processes. The following three questions guided the study: 1) How do primary school teachers perceive classroom assessment in mathematics? 2) What kinds of assessment methods and tools do teachers use to assess their students in mathematics? 3) What is the influence of teachers’ perceptions of classroom assessment on their classroom assessment practices? The study used a questionnaire to establish the teachers’ perceptions of classroom assessment in mathematics, a lesson observation protocol, and pre-lesson and post-lesson observation interview protocols as main sources of data collection. The data collected through observations and interviews helped to map out patterns between perceptions of classroom assessment and the teachers’ classroom assessment practices. Document analysis was used to triangulate the information collected through observations and interviews. In addition, document analysis provided first hand
openalex: W2565557750 mag: 2565557750
Keywords: openalex:import

Burnout In South-Western Nigeria: A Preliminary Report Among Nurses And Teachers - Amoo, G; Fatoye, F O (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2008)
This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of job burnout among members of two professional groups and generate baseline information on the concept in Nigeria. The sample consisted of 100 subjects (fifty matched pairs of psychiatric nurses and secondary school students). Each was assessed with a questionnaire detailing socio-demographic variables, the Executive Burnout Scale (EBS) and the Job Satisfaction Scale. The teachers had significantly higher mean score (65.74) than the nurses (47.40) on total Job Burnout (p=0.002). The teachers also had higher mean scores on General Burnout (p = 0.018), Somatic Burnout (p=0.005) and Interpersonal Burnout (p=0.003), which are the three subscales of the EBS. Although, the teachers experienced higher burnout than the nurses, no significant difference was observed on job satisfaction between the two groups (p=0.297), suggesting that the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction is a complex one. In addition, burnout was not related to sex, marital status, age and length of service among the subjects. The significant difference in job burnout between these two professional groups should stimulate studies on larger samples of workers identified as ‘high risk' groups from previous reports. Keywords: Burnout, Nurses, Teachers and South-Western Nigeria IFE PsychologIA Vol. 16 (2) 2008: pp. 178-187
openalex: W2039132910 mag: 2039132910
Keywords: openalex:import

Mother-tongue education or bilingual education for South Africa: theories, pedagogies and sustainability - Balfour, Robert J. (Journal for Language Teaching, 2008)
Language rights, language development and the need for a multilingual literate population in South Africa have been issues debated not only in public, but also among academics and other stakeholders in education in South Africa. There remains a need for a population proficient at least in some indigenous languages, but also able to access languages that facilitate communication beyond the confines of the nation or region. In the recent past schools and universities have responded to national imperatives to develop this capacity. They have employed a range of policy and other types of incentives aimed at increasing access to the indigenous languages of South Africa and improving the quality of education received in those languages, where sufficiently large communities exist to support mother-tongue communication and use. This article provides a different account from those already mentioned, drawing instead on theoretical developments in linguistics to illustrate a number of points concerning the relationship between theory, approaches and contexts in language development in South Africa. The article addresses the educational imperatives in relation to theoretical, socio-geographic, and socio-economic contingencies that affect their sustainability.Journal for Language Teaching vol Vol. 41 (2) 2007: pp.1-16
openalex: W1991805490 mag: 1991805490
Keywords: openalex:import

A new step forward for South African learners\' lexicography: The Oxford Afrikaans-Engels/English-Afrikaans Skoolwoordeboek/School Dictionary - Gouws, Rufus H.; Tarp, Sven (Journal for Language Teaching, 2008)
This paper focuses on various aspects of the recently published dictionary Oxford Afrikaans-Engels / English-Afrikaans Skoolwoordeboek / School Dictionary. From the perspective of the theory of lexicographic functions the dictionary is evaluated as an instrument in the hand of the intended target user. An identification of the relevant dictionary functions and the way in which they are achieved is followed by a discussion of the central word lists and the dictionary articles. This section offers a critical analysis of the micro-architecture of the articles and the article contents. Suggestions are made for an improved presentation and treatment. Innovative proposals regarding the macro- and microstructural presentation of homonyms and polysemes are made to enhance the user-friendliness of this dictionary. The value of the outer texts and the prevailing transtextual function is emphasised. It is shown how certain inconsistencies impede the optimal transfer of information.
openalex: W1983976716 mag: 1983976716
Keywords: openalex:import

Splenic Operations In A Teaching Hospital, South-Western Nigeria - Oguntola, AS; Aderonmu, A O A; Adeoti, ML; Olatoke, Samuel; Bello, RO; Rabiu, TB (Sahel Medical Journal, 2008)
Background/Objective: To review all Splenic operations performed at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH) over a four year period- highlighting the indications, associated injuries in trauma patients, complications, outcome of management and follow up care. Patients and Methods: Information including demographic data, indications for operation, treatment and follow up care were obtained from case notes, theatre records and histology laboratory records; these were analyzed by simple percentage. Result: Twenty-six cases (M: F-18:8) with ages ranging between two and fifty-two years (mean 24.8 years) were treated. Eighty-eight percent were done as emergencies, 95% of these were for blunt abdominal injuries. Road traffic accident was the cause in above 50% of all patients with injuries while other indications included TSS, haematological, etc. Four (17%) of trauma patients had splenic preservation procedures done. Patients with wound infection, wound dehiscence and acute gastric dilatation were seven, five and one, respectively. No case of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis was seen. Mortality was 15.4%. Conclusion: As trauma is the most common indication for operations on the spleen, spleen conservation should be practiced more often where open procedures are indicated. Keywords: Splenic operations, Spleen conservation surgery, Trauma, Post-operative care, Nigeria Sahel Medical Journal Vol. 11 (1) 2008: pp. 15-19
openalex: W2120236813 mag: 2120236813
Keywords: openalex:import

Mental Health And Attitude Towards Education Of Secondary School Students In Nigeria. - Ola, Bolanle; Olufemi, Ma'at (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2008)
Objective: Student mental health is of immense public health importance, factors that are associated with students' mental health and their success in school such as attitude towards education must be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of psychomorbidity, the association, if any, between psychomorbidity and negative attitude towards education, and identify correlates associated with psychomorbidity in a sample of Nigerian students. Methods: Seven hundred, selected using a stratified random sampling technique, completed the Socio-demographic Data Interview Schedule, the Modified Mitchell's Attitude Towards Education Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire (version 30). Results: About four out of ten students had psychopathology. Two out three students with psychopathology had negative attitude towards education (odds ratio of 3.7; 95% confidence interval = 2.982-4.592). Significant predictors of psychopathology among students were negative attitude towards education and parental occupation. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that magnitude of psychomorbidity among students is high and that psychomorbidity is associated with negative attitude towards education, poor parental educational level and poor socioeconomic status. Keywords: Student mental health, attitude towards education, psychomorbidity. IFE PsychologIA Vol. 16 (2) 2008: pp. 169-177
openalex: W2085005665 mag: 2085005665
Keywords: openalex:import

5 - A Search for Post-apartheid Collective Identities: Ethnic Student Organisations at a South African University - Sikwebu, Dinga (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2008)
Scholarship on higher education decries the levels of student activism in post- apartheid South Africa. It argues that student organisation is sporadic, fragmented and unrepresentative of broad student layers. Because of its emphasis on political identities as well as the failure to define activism broader than protests, this as- sessment fails to recognise the myriad of organisations such as cultural and reli- gious bodies in South African universities today. By ignoring these forms of or- ganisation, the literature that emphasises the decline in student activism after the demise of apartheid not only ignores initiatives where students are organising around their ‘new’ identities, but also fails to appreciate how historically these ‘hold-over’ organisations connected one wave of protest to the other. Using the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) as a research site, this article focuses on ethnic identities as a significant feature around which a section of the student population is organising. The paper looks at how the disappearance of legal apart- heid, the new political environment as well as the failure of traditional political student movements to organise around their constituency’s multiple identities, have provided space and impetus for new forms of organisation.
openalex: W2152582371 mag: 2152582371
Keywords: openalex:import

Accessibility In equality to Basic Education in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. - Ajala, OA; Asres, K (Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences, 2008)
Accessibility to basic educational attainment has been identified as collateral for economic development in the 21 st century.It has a fundamental role in moving Africa countries out of its present tragic state of underdevelopment.This article examines the situation of basic educational services in Amhara region of Ethiopia in terms of availability and accessibility at both primary and secondary levels.It revealed that there is a gross inadequacy in the provision of facilities and personnel to adequately prepare the youth for their future, in Amhara region.It also revealed the inequality of accessibility to basic education services among the eleven administrative zones in the region with antecedent impact on the development levels among the zones and the region at large.It thus called for serious intervention in the education sector of the region, if the goal of education for development is to be realized, not only in the region but in the country at large..
openalex: W2053346636 mag: 2053346636
Keywords: openalex:import

Pragmatic Constraints, Affecting the Teacher Efficacy in Ethiopia - An Analytical Comparison with India. - Sb, Rao; Shewamare, S (Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences, 2008)
Ethiopia has been quite successful at expanding enrollment in education, especially at the lower levels.But for any given level of efficiency, increased enrollments require optimal utilization of the resources, particularly pertaining to the proper planning and policies in order to maintain quality.If this is not forth coming, the increase in educated input may come at the expense of quality.Is desired quality achieved?Is there a quantity-quality trade off and what public policies can alleviate it?India's experiences pertaining to Teacher Education Policies may be of relevance to this regard.With this perspective, a careful review has been made to draw the attention of planners and teacher educators of Ethiopia to a fundamental question related to the eminence of teacher education and the alternative paradigm to this regard has been suggested with a pragmatic approach so as to translate policy to practice.
openalex: W1979201139 mag: 1979201139
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Drought on Household Food Security in the Limpopo Basin of Semi Arid Southern Africa: The Case of Kgatleng District in Botswana - Acquah, Benjamin K. (2008)
The Limpopo Basin is important to Botswana’s agriculture in terms of its land area of 80118 square kilometers. Climatic conditions in the Basin have ranged from droughts to floods in some years. The semi-arid nature of the Basin with the resultant low crop yields under rain-fed conditions has meant that communities in the area have adapted various strategies with regard to their access to food. These coping strategies are likely to undergo severe strains during periods of extreme weather patterns such as droughts. A household survey was conducted in two villages of Kgatleng District within the Basin in February 2005 with the objective of studying the coping strategies of selected households during drought in order to improve on coping mechanisms of communities in the Basin. The numbers of households selected by simple random sampling for study in the two villages were 61 and 45, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that during the drought in 2004 respondents’ sources of supplies were the shops, crop production and government provision. Coping mechanisms of households and differences in coping strategies in the two villages have been highlighted. The study recommends, among others, that the measures already in place to provide food security for households in drought prone areas in the Basin and in Botswana in general, need to be strengthened to ensure that households’ vulnerability to food insecurity during periods of climate change such as drought is minimized.
openalex: W1580673384 mag: 1580673384
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Drought on Household Food Security in the Limpopo Basin of Semi Arid Southern Africa: The Case of Kgatleng District in Botswana - Acquah, Benjamin K. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
The Limpopo Basin is important to Botswana’s agriculture in terms of its land area of 80118 square kilometers. Climatic conditions in the Basin have ranged from droughts to floods in some years. The semi-arid nature of the Basin with the resultant low crop yields under rain-fed conditions has meant that communities in the area have adapted various strategies with regard to their access to food. These coping strategies are likely to undergo severe strains during periods of extreme weather patterns such as droughts. A household survey was conducted in two villages of Kgatleng District within the Basin in February 2005 with the objective of studying the coping strategies of selected households during drought in order to improve on coping mechanisms of communities in the Basin. The numbers of households selected by simple random sampling for study in the two villages were 61 and 45, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that during the drought in 2004 respondents’ sources of supplies were the shops, crop production and government provision. Coping mechanisms of households and differences in coping strategies in the two villages have been highlighted. The study recommends, among others, that the measures already in place to provide food security for households in drought prone areas in the Basin and in Botswana in general, need to be strengthened to ensure that households’ vulnerability to food insecurity during periods of climate change such as drought is minimized.
openalex: W3125366288 mag: 3125366288
Keywords: openalex:import

Problems of Developing Library Collections: a study of colleges of education libraries in Botswana - Adekanmbi, Arinola Rebecca; Boadi, Benzies Y. (Information Development, 2008)
The paper examines the problems militating against the development of useful library collections for the Botswana colleges of education students and lecturers. Using questionnaires and interviews, information was obtained from the study population which comprised the senior librarians and Deputy Principals (Academic) of the colleges and the Chairperson of the Board of Affiliated Institutions of the University of Botswana, as the colleges are affiliated to the University. The study revealed the following as some of the major problems militating against collection development in the libraries: lack of constant training for the librarians, inadequate staff for the libraries, lack of administrative support, and unavailability and non-use of collection development policies. The study concludes that, among others, there is the need to train the college librarians on collection development, provide more staff for the libraries, and there is the need also for the librarians to produce and use adequate collection development policies.
openalex: W2154574247 mag: 2154574247
Keywords: openalex:import

School managers' understanding of HIV/AIDS in Gauteng, South Africa - Amadi-Ihunwo, Uchenna Beatrice (African Journal of AIDS Research, 2008)
This paper presents the diverse understandings of HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV (PLHIV) revealed by school managers in a selection of public schools in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Discussions with school managers emerged as part of a larger investigation into the interplay of culture and gender in people's experience of HIV. The respondents from five public schools comprised head teachers, school board members, educators and adult learners. The data were assembled from semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, comments on rumours and gossip, and informal conversations. Mary Douglas's (1966) analysis of the theory of cultural risk has provided the main approach for explaining the prevailing understandings of HIV and AIDS among the South African educators. Despite good knowledge of HIV and AIDS, the respondents' understanding of the disease and the experiences of PLHIV were commonly drawn from six categories of meaning: biomedical, cultural, religious, witchcraft, race, and eschatology. Social constructs were strong in terms of the ways HIV/AIDS and PLHIV were understood in these South African education workplaces. The findings imply that new strategies are required from the government and agencies that are involved in developing responses to the HIV epidemic, especially in the education sector.
openalex: W2128620270 mag: 2128620270
Keywords: openalex:import

Access to education for children with special needs in South Africa : update - Amollo, Rebecca (ESR Review : Economic and Social Rights in South Africa, 2008)
Agreement on a definition of with special needs (CSNs) has been elusive. For some, CSNs are children who have a chronic disease or disability that requires educational services, health care or related services of a type or amount beyond those required by other children generally (see, generally, Bartlett & Wegner, 1987).
openalex: W2579641599 mag: 2579641599
Keywords: openalex:import

Hearing impairment and academic performance in Matungu division Kenya - Antony, Opari. S. H (2008)
A research report submitted to the institute of open and distance learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the a ward of bachelors of education in special needs of Kampala international university
openalex: W3045486850 mag: 3045486850
Keywords: openalex:import

Improving the use of Competence-Based Training (CBT) in polytechnic education in Ghana: an evaluation of the civil engineering department of Takoradi Polytechnic - Apori, Samuel Obeng; Nkrumah, Maame Afua (Journal of Educational Management, 2008)
Quality Polytechnic education and training is expected to equip students with consistent, high quality Training and education that can be delivered and recognized across territorial boundaries. Currently, the ongoing restructuring of the labour markets and significant changes in occupational structures and skill requirements have strongly challenged the quality and performance of vocational education in Chana. Further, substantial concern is being raised about how polytechnic education can influence employment and the school to work transition. This research explores these new changes and demands. A major objective of the study was to investigate how the department could improve the effectiveness of the already existing mechanisms for CBT at Takoradi Polytechnic and maximize the effectiveness of Polytechnic-industry collaborations. There were in total 181 respondents; from the industries and Takoradi Polytechnic. Three different sets of questionnaires and an interview guide were used to collect data the respondents. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data after which evaluation criteria were used to make value judgment about the quality of the polytechnic education. The study showed that the level of practiced Training is not satisfactory, and there is a limited relationship between the polytechnic and the industry. Hence there is the need to: redesign the curriculum giving more attention to practical training; improve the practical knowledge of the staff; make real life research a core activity of the department; and develop other better ways of connecting the polytechnic with the industries other than students' attachment using the CBT approach.
openalex: W4205980832
Keywords: openalex:import

Information Communications Technology and Global Education: the challenges of the African Virtual University Learning Centres in Ghana - Ayeh, Julian K. (Information Development, 2008)
Information communication technology (ICT) is increasingly becoming a crucial strategic tool for facilitating global education. Africa's unique underdeveloped position makes her particularly suitable to take advantage of the many opportunities offered by ICT for global education. This same position Africa also presents challenges that threaten the sustainability of such projects. The African Virtual University (AVU) was originally launched in 1997 as a World Bank Project to facilitate the use of Open Distance and eLearning (ODeL) methodologies in African tertiary institutions and to use modern ICT to increase access to educational resources throughout Africa. After 10 years in operation, the learning centres in Ghana are confronted with practical challenges that seem to jeopardise their continuous existence. Prominent among the challenges are accreditation, students' inability to complete payment of fees and inadequate computers and other relevant facilities. This paper discuses the challenges the centres are facing and the strategies being employed to ensure their survival.
openalex: W2104499342 mag: 2104499342
Keywords: openalex:import

A Student Migratory Process (Pre-Migration, Migration and Post-Migration): Moroccan Youngsters in the University of Granada - Barea, Eva María González (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
openalex: W4388649198
Keywords: openalex:import

A Migratory Process (Pre-Migration, Migration and Post-Migration) Student: Moroccan Youngsters in the University of Granada - Barea, González; María, Eva (Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 2008)
openalex: W2240372719 mag: 2240372719
Keywords: openalex:import

Access to Upper-Level Mathematics: The Stories of Successful African American Middle School Boys - Berry, Robert Q. (Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2008)
This article is about 8 African American middle school boys who have experienced success in mathematics. Working within a phenomenological methodological framework, the researcher investigated the limitations these students encounter and the compensating factors they experience. Critical race theory was the theoretical framework for this study; counter-storytelling was utilized to capture the boys' experiences, which is in stark contrast to the dominant literature concerning African American males and mathematics. Five themes emerged from the data: (a) early educational experiences, (b) recognition of abilities and how it was achieved, (c) support systems, (d) positive mathematical and academic identity, and (e) alternative identities.
openalex: W2206229864 mag: 2206229864
Keywords: openalex:import

High Hopes, Grim Reality: Reintegration and the Education of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone - Betancourt, Theresa S.; Simmons, Stephanie; Borisova, Ivelina; Brewer, Stephanie Erin; Iweala, Uzo; Soudière, Marie de la (Comparative Education Review, 2008)
Previous articleNext article No AccessHigh Hopes, Grim Reality: Reintegration and the Education of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra LeoneTheresa S. Betancourt, Stephanie Simmons, Ivelina Borisova, Stephanie E. Brewer, Uzo Iweala, and Marie de la SoudièreTheresa S. Betancourt Search for more articles by this author , Stephanie Simmons Search for more articles by this author , Ivelina Borisova Search for more articles by this author , Stephanie E. Brewer Search for more articles by this author , Uzo Iweala Search for more articles by this author , and Marie de la Soudière Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull TextSupplemental Material Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 52, Number 4November 2008Special Issue on Education in Conflict and Postconflict SocietiesGuest Editors: Lynn Davies and Christopher Talbot Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/591298 Views: 1696Total views on this site Citations: 82Citations are reported from Crossref History © 2008 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Praveenrao Bolli, Nabil Ouassini Understanding Organizational Efforts Regarding Child Soldiers in Somalia, (Jun 2022): 89–106.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2856-3.ch006Sinan Keskin, Murat Çinar, Ömer Demir A quantitative content analysis of Turkish state universities’ official websites in terms of their preparedness and actions during emergency distance education in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic period, Education and Information Technologies 27, no.11 (Oct 2021): 493–523.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10744-4Theresa S. Betancourt, Nathan Hansen, Jordan Farrar, Ryan C. Borg, Tamora Callands, Alethea Desrosiers, Cara M. Antonaccio, Makeda J. Williams, Joseph Bangura, Robert T. Brennan Youth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD): Study Protocol, Psychiatric Services 72, no.55 (May 2021): 563–570.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000009Felix Nyarko, Raija-Leena Punamäki The content and meaning of war experiences: A qualitative study of trauma and resilience among Liberian young refugees in Ghana, Transcultural Psychiatry 58, no.22 (Feb 2020): 254–267.https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461520901636Esther Mojisola Beckley DDR and the Education of Ex-Combatant Girls in Africa, (Mar 2021): 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77030-7_178-1Theresa S. Betancourt, Katrina Keegan, Jordan Farrar, Robert T. Brennan The intergenerational impact of war on mental health and psychosocial wellbeing: lessons from the longitudinal study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone, Conflict and Health 14, no.11 (Sep 2020).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00308-7Bernhard Streitwieser, Kathryn Duffy-Jaeger, and Jane Roche Comparing the Responses of US Higher Education Institutions to International and Undocumented Students in the Trump Era, Comparative Education Review 64, no.33 (Jul 2020): 404–427.https://doi.org/10.1086/709427María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez, María Tomé-Fernández, Eva María Olmedo-Moreno , International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no.1414 ( 2020): 5012.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145012Felix Nyarko, Raija-Leena Punamaki Future orientation of youth with a history of war trauma: a qualitative study in the African context, Medicine, Conflict and Survival 35, no.44 (Jan 2020): 313–335.https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2019.1706879Binta Alleyne-Green, Alex Kulick, Sara Matsuzaka, Theresa S. Betancourt War Violence Exposure, Reintegration Experiences and Intimate Partner Violence Among a Sample of War-Affected Females in Sierra Leone, Global Social Welfare 6, no.22 (Oct 2018): 97–106.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-018-0125-9Ayesha Kadir, Sherry Shenoda, Jeffrey Goldhagen, Jai K. Das , PLOS ONE 14, no.11 ( 2019): e0210071.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210071Jordene Hale “For a Future Tomorrow”, (Sep 2018): 301–319.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118931837.ch18Gilbert Karareba, Simon Clarke, Thomas O’Donoghue The Broad Context, (Aug 2017): 23–59.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60264-6_2Lena Bahou ‘Why do they make us feel like we’re nothing? They are supposed to be teaching us to be something, to even surpass them!’: Student (dis)engagement and public schooling in conflict-affected Lebanon, Cambridge Journal of Education 47, no.44 (Aug 2016): 493–512.https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1216086Dana Burde, Amy Kapit, Rachel L. Wahl, Ozen Guven, Margot Igland Skarpeteig Education in Emergencies: A Review of Theory and Research, Review of Educational Research 87, no.33 (Nov 2016): 619–658.https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316671594J. Lawrence Aber, Carly Tubbs, Catalina Torrente, Peter F. Halpin, Brian Johnston, Leighann Starkey, Anjuli Shivshanker, Jeannie Annan, Edward Seidman, Sharon Wolf Promoting children's learning and development in conflict-affected countries: Testing change process in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Development and Psychopathology 29, no.11 (Nov 2016): 53–67.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416001139Eric F. Dubow, J. Lawrence Aber, Theresa S. Betancourt, E. Mark Cummings, L. Rowell Huesmann Conducting longitudinal, process-oriented research with conflict-affected youth: Solving the inevitable challenges, Development and Psychopathology 29, no.11 (Nov 2016): 85–92.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416001176Clive Harber Who Goes to School in Africa?, (Jul 2017): 31–52.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57382-3_3Leonie Steinl An Introduction to Child Soldiering, Its Images, and Realities, (Aug 2017): 1–43.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-201-9_1Leonie Steinl Child Soldiers and Restorative Transitional Justice, (Aug 2017): 289–407.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-201-9_4Diana Rodríguez Gómez When War Enters the Classroom, (Jan 2017): 269–289.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_12Jocelyn TD Kelly, Lindsay Branham, Michele R. Decker Abducted children and youth in Lord’s Resistance Army in Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): mechanisms of indoctrination and control, Conflict and Health 10, no.11 (May 2016).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-016-0078-5Michelle Savard Using Education as a Political Tool to Advance Marginalization in Northern Uganda, (Oct 2016): 157–176.https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737006088.157Julie Schiltz, Sofie Vindevogel, Eric Broekaert, Ilse Derluyn Dealing with Relational and Social Challenges After Child Soldiering: Perspectives of Formerly Recruited Youth and Their Communities in Northern Uganda, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 26, no.44 (Nov 2015): 307–322.https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2264Su Lyn Corcoran, Joanna Wakia Using Child Well-Being Assessments to Track Progress in Family-Based Reintegration, Global Social Welfare 3, no.22 (Apr 2016): 137–145.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-016-0061-5Dustin Johnson, Shelly Whitman Child soldiers and disability: gaps in knowledge and opportunities for change, Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 1, no.33 (Oct 2016): 307–320.https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2016.1246349Michael Stasik REAL LOVE VERSUS REAL LIFE: YOUTH, MUSIC AND UTOPIA IN FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE, Africa 86, no.22 (Apr 2016): 215–236.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972016000024Ryan K McBain, Carmel Salhi, Katrina Hann, Joshua A Salomon, Jane J Kim, Theresa S Betancourt Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mental health intervention for war-affected young persons: decision analysis based on a randomized controlled trial, Health Policy and Planning 31, no.44 (Sep 2015): 415–424.https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv078Roy Maconachie, Gavin Hilson Re-Thinking the Child Labor “Problem” in Rural sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Sierra Leone’s Half Shovels, World Development 78 (Feb 2016): 136–147.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.012Corinna Stewart, Ross G. White, Beate Ebert, Iain Mays, Jennifer Nardozzi, Hannah Bockarie A preliminary evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training in Sierra Leone, Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 5, no.11 (Jan 2016): 16–22.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.01.001Stephanie Simmons Zuilkowski, Katharine Collet, Musu Jambai, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, Theresa S. Betancourt Youth and Resilience in Postconflict Settings: An Intervention for War-Affected Youth in Sierra Leone, Human Development 59, no.2-32-3 (Sep 2016): 64–80.https://doi.org/10.1159/000448227Theresa S. Betancourt, Ryan K. McBain, Elizabeth A. Newnham, Robert T. Brennan The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56, no.1010 (Feb 2015): 1101–1107.https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12389Tobias Hecker, Katharin Hermenau, Anselm Crombach, Thomas Elbert Treating Traumatized Offenders and Veterans by Means of Narrative Exposure Therapy, Frontiers in Psychiatry 6 (Jun 2015).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00080Elizabeth A. Newnham, Ryan K. McBain, Katrina Hann, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, John Weisz, Grace M. Lilienthal, Nathan Hansen, Theresa S. Betancourt The Youth Readiness Intervention for War-Affected Youth, Journal of Adolescent Health 56, no.66 (Jun 2015): 606–611.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.020Michael Balfour, Donald Stewart Perspectives and contexts of arts, social health and the military, Arts & Health 7, no.22 (Jan 2015): 87–95.https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2014.999247Nina Winkler, Martina Ruf-Leuschner, Verena Ertl, Anett Pfeiffer, Inga Schalinski, Emilio Ovuga, Frank Neuner, Thomas Elbert From War to Classroom: PTSD and Depression in Formerly Abducted Youth in Uganda, Frontiers in Psychiatry 6 (Mar 2015).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00002Catherine E. Bolten “A Great Scholar is an Overeducated Person”, Journal of Anthropological Research 71, no.11 (Dec 2015): 23–47.https://doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0071.102Brandon A. Kohrt, Sauharda Rai, Sujen M. Maharjan Child Soldiers, (Jan 2015): 430–438.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.64113-2Sarah Dryden-Peterson, Michelle J. Bellino, Vidur Chopra Conflict: Education and Youth, (Jan 2015): 632–638.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.64120-XWamala Twaibu Non-Governmental Organizations and the Re-Integration of Former Child Soldiers Case Study: Caritas Gulu in Northern Uganda, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2015).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2720820Anselm Crombach, ManassÃ© BambonyÃ©, Thomas Elbert A study on reintegration of street children in Burundi: experienced violence and maltreatment are associated with mental health impairments and impeded educational progress, Frontiers in Psychology 5 (Dec 2014).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01441Gavin Hilson, Lydia Osei Tackling youth unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa: Is there a role for artisanal and small-scale mining?, Futures 62 (Oct 2014): 83–94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2014.05.004Stephanie Simmons Zuilkowski and Theresa S. Betancourt School Persistence in the Wake of War: Wartime Experiences, Reintegration Supports, and Dropout in Sierra Leone, Comparative Education Review 58, no.33 (Jul 2015): 457–481.https://doi.org/10.1086/675905A. J. Stevens The invisible soldiers: understanding how the life experiences of girl child soldiers impacts upon their health and rehabilitation needs, Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no.55 (Jan 2014): 458–462.https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305240Suzan J. Song, Joop de Jong The Role of Silence in Burundian Former Child Soldiers, International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 36, no.11 (Jun 2013): 84–95.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-013-9192-xKatharin Hermenau, Tobias Hecker, Anna Maedl, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert Growing up in armed groups: trauma and aggression among child soldiers in DR Congo, European Journal of Psychotraumatology 4, no.11 (Nov 2013): 21408.https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21408Peter Moyi An Examination of Primary School Attendance and Completion among Secondary School Age Adolescents in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone, Research in Comparative and International Education 8, no.44 (Jan 2013): 524–539.https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2013.8.4.524Suzan J. Song, Helene van den Brink, Joop de Jong Who Cares for Former Child Soldiers? Mental Health Systems of Care in Sierra Leone, Community Mental Health Journal 49, no.55 (Jan 2013): 615–624.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-013-9597-3Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb Introduction to the Special Issue, Part II: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.88 (Sep 2013): 797–802.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.823591Cecilia Wainryb, Patricia K. Kerig The Person and the Social Context: Future Directions for Research on the Traumatic Effects of Child Soldiering Around the World, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.88 (Sep 2013): 887–895.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.823592Katharin Hermenau, Tobias Hecker, Susanne Schaal, Anna Maedl, Thomas Elbert Addressing Post-traumatic Stress and Aggression by Means of Narrative Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Ex-Combatants in the Eastern DRC, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.88 (Sep 2013): 916–934.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.824057Jean-François Trani, Tim I. Cannings Child Poverty in an Emergency and Conflict Context: A Multidimensional Profile and an Identification of the Poorest Children in Western Darfur, World Development 48 (Aug 2013): 48–70.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.03.005Brian Grady, Norma G. Jones Caring for the Child Soldiers of Guantanamo, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 23, no.66 (Aug 2013): 718–725.https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.795051Christopher A. Morley, Brandon A. Kohrt Impact of Peer Support on PTSD, Hope, and Functional Impairment: A Mixed-Methods Study of Child Soldiers in Nepal, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.77 (Sep 2013): 714–734.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.813882Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb, Michelle Sinayobye Twali, Shannon D. Chaplo America's Child Soldiers: Toward a Research Agenda for Studying Gang-Involved Youth in the United States, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.77 (Sep 2013): 773–795.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.813883Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb Introduction to the Special Issue, Part I: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology, and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World, Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 22, no.77 (Sep 2013): 685–697.https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2013.817816Paul O’Callaghan, John McMullen, Ciarán Shannon, Harry Rafferty, Alastair Black A Randomized Controlled Trial of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Sexually Exploited, War-Affected Congolese Girls, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 52, no.44 (Apr 2013): 359–369.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.013George A. Bonanno, Erica D. Diminich Annual Research Review: Positive adjustment to adversity - trajectories of minimal-impact resilience and emergent resilience, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54, no.44 (Dec 2012): 378–401.https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12021Theresa S. Betancourt, Ryan McBain, Elizabeth A. Newnham, Robert T. Brennan Trajectories of Internalizing Problems in War-Affected Sierra Leonean Youth: Examining Conflict and Postconflict Factors, Child Development 84, no.22 (Sep 2012): 455–470.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01861.xMargit van Wessel and Ruud van Hirtum Schools as Tactical Targets in Conflict: What the Case of Nepal Can Teach Us, Comparative Education Review 57, no.11 (Jul 2015): 1–21.https://doi.org/10.1086/667530Weiste A. Tol, Mark J. D. Jordans, Brandon A. Kohrt, Theresa S. Betancourt, Ivan H. Komproe Promoting Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-Being in Children Affected by Political Violence: Part II—Expanding the Evidence Base, (Mar 2013): 29–38.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6375-7_3Theresa S. Betancourt, Sarah E. Meyers-Ohki, Alexandra P. Charrow, Wietse A. Tol Interventions for Children Affected by War, Harvard Review of Psychiatry 21, no.22 (Jan 2013): 70–91.https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8fTheresa S Betancourt, Ivelina Borisova, Timothy P Williams, Sarah E Meyers-Ohki, Julia E Rubin-Smith, Jeannie Annan, Brandon A Kohrt Research Review: Psychosocial adjustment and mental health in former child soldiers - a systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54, no.11 (Oct 2012): 17–36.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.xSheetal Patel, Martin T Schechter, Nelson K Sewankambo, Stella Atim, Charles Oboya, Noah Kiwanuka, Patricia M Spittal , Conflict and Health 7, no.11 ( 2013).https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-7-17 Biziouras, Birger Peacebuilding through Education in Postconflict Northern Uganda: The Importance of Placing War-Affected Youth in Community-Oriented Schools, African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 3, no.22 (Jan 2013): 47.https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.3.2.47Mark JD Jordans, Ivan H Komproe, Wietse A Tol, Aline Ndayisaba, Theodora Nisabwe, Brandon A Kohrt Reintegration of child soldiers in Burundi: a tracer study, BMC Public Health 12, no.11 (Oct 2012).https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-905Jennifer M. Jones Language at the brink of conflict: micro-language planning in one western Kenyan school, Language Policy 11, no.22 (Nov 2011): 119–143.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-011-9221-8Theresa S. Betancourt The Social Ecology of Resilience in War-Affected Youth: A Longitudinal Study from Sierra Leone, (Sep 2011): 347–356.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3_27Natalie D. Eggum, Julie Sallquist, Nancy Eisenberg “Then It Will Be Good”, Journal of Adolescent Research 26, no.66 (Dec 2010): 766–796.https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558410391259Helga Stokes, Shane S. Chaplin, Shimaa Dessouky, Liya Aklilu, Rodney K. Hopson Addressing Social Injustices, Displacement, and Minority Rights Through Cases of Culturally Responsive Evaluation, Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 5, no.33 (Jul 2011): 167–177.https://doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2011.583514Su-Ann Oh Rice, Slippers, Bananas and Caneball: Children's Narratives of Internal Displacement and Forced Migration from Burma, Global Studies of Childhood 1, no.22 (Jan 2011): 104–119.https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2011.1.2.104Roy Maconachie, Gavin Hilson Artisanal Gold Mining: A New Frontier in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone?, Journal of Development Studies 47, no.44 (Apr 2011): 595–616.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220381003599402Cecilia Wainryb ‘And So They Ordered Me to Kill a Person’: Conceptualizing the Impacts of Child Soldiering on the Development of Moral Agency, Human Development 54, no.55 (Jan 2011): 273–300.https://doi.org/10.1159/000331482Theresa S. Betancourt Developmental Perspectives on Moral Agency in Former Child Soldiers, Human Development 54, no.55 (Jan 2011): 307–312.https://doi.org/10.1159/000332230Gonzalo Retamal, Maria Low Humanitarian curriculum and psychosocial interventions: An annotated bibliography, PROSPECTS 40, no.44 (Dec 2010): 535–557.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-010-9174-2Brandon A. Kohrt, Mark J.D. Jordans, Wietse A. Tol, Em Perera, Rohit Karki, Suraj Koirala, Nawaraj Upadhaya Social Ecology of Child Soldiers: Child, Family, and Community Determinants of Mental Health, Psychosocial Well-being, and Reintegration in Nepal, Transcultural Psychiatry 47, no.55 (Nov 2010): 727–753.https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461510381290Theresa Stichick Betancourt, Ivelina Ivanova Borisova, Timothy Philip Williams, Robert T. Brennan, Theodore H. Whitfield, Marie De La Soudiere, John Williamson, Stephen E. Gilman Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration, Child Development 81, no.44 (Jul 2010): 1077–1095.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01455.xTheresa S. Betancourt A longitudinal study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone, International Psychiatry 7, no.33 (Jan 2018): 60–62.https://doi.org/10.1192/S1749367600005853M. Worthen, A. Veale, S. McKay, M. Wessells 'I Stand Like A Woman': Empowerment and Human Rights in the Context of Community-Based Reintegration of Girl Mothers Formerly Associated with Fighting Forces and Armed Groups, Journal of Human Rights Practice 2, no.11 (Jan 2010): 49–70.https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hup028Margaret Angucia, Jacques Zeelen, Gideon de Jong Researching the reintegration of formerly abducted children in northern Uganda through action research: Experiences and reflections, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 29 (Jan 2010): n/a–n/a.https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1034Theresa S. Betancourt, Jessica Agnew-Blais, Stephen E. Gilman, David R. Williams, B. Heidi Ellis Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone, Social Science & Medicine 70, no.11 (Jan 2010): 17–26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.038Diane Brook Napier African socialism, post-colonial development, and education: Change and continuity in the post-socialist era, (Mar 2015): 369–399.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014017
openalex: W2131029305 mag: 2131029305
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of streaming by gender on student achievement in mathematics in secondary schools in Kenya. - Bosire, Joseph; Mondoh, Hellen; Barmao, Ann (South African Journal of Education, 2008)
We present findings of a study carried out to determine the effect of streaming by gender on secondary school students' achievement in mathematics. In the study we analysed achievement scores on national examinations results for the years 1999 to 2001 of a sample of 1 489 candidates in four secondary schools in Nakuru District, Kenya. Raw data were analysed statistically and the hypotheses tested. Generally, the results indicated that streaming based on gender improved overall student achievement in mathematics and especially that of girls. Although further studies are needed to incorporate this result into official policy, there are strong indications that streaming by gender may be a useful class environment as an intervention towards improving the performance of girls in mathematics in co-educational schools.
openalex: W2129539816 mag: 2129539816
Keywords: openalex:import

The Assessment of Hearing Aid to Learners with Hearing Impairment in Nairobi Kenya. - Chege, Stephen Gichia (2008)
A Research Report Submitted in Partial fulfillment for the Award of a Degree in Primary Education to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning of Kampala International University.
openalex: W3036847521 mag: 3036847521
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS Education Management - Meeting the Challenge of Universal Access in Papua New Guinea - Clark, Geoffrey A.; Chapman, Ysanne; Mills, Jane (Contemporary PNG Studies, 2008)
In June 2006 at the United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), United Nations member states agreed to work towards the goal of universal access to comprehensive prevention, care, treatment and support by 2010. One of the key obstacles to scaling-up comprehensive HIV care and treatment in resource limited settings is the lack of appropriately trained health care workers. Experiences with comprehensive HIV care suggest that key factors such as using a team approach, task shifting between health care workers, simplified drug regimes and integrated services have been shown to be integral to the successful provision of comprehensive care. Using Papua New Guinea as a key example, this paper argues that the lack of capacity in health care workers is a key barrier to achieving increased access to comprehensive care in resource limited countries and therefore further research in this area must be seen as a key priority in the response to the HIV epidemic.
openalex: W1526454531 mag: 1526454531
Keywords: openalex:import

Web standards facilitating accessibility in a digitally inclusive South Africa – Perspectives from developing the South African National Accessibility Portal - Coetzee, Louis; Viviers, Ilse (2008)
Science real and relevant: 2nd CSIR Biennial Conference CSIR International Convention Centre Pretoria, 17&18 November 2008
openalex: W148087953 mag: 148087953
Keywords: openalex:import

Constructive Criticism: The Role of Student-Faculty Interactions on African American and Hispanic Students' Educational Gains - Cole, Darnell (Journal of College Student Development, 2008)
Using a longitudinal sample of 1,422 African American and Hispanic students, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of faculty constructive criticism on students' GPA and educational satisfaction. The main premise suggested that student-faculty interactions, interpreted more broadly under the concept of constructive criticism would offer a more useful approach for understanding the complex nature of faculty feedback on students' educational outcomes. While the general premise was supported, it was concluded that constructive criticism within an educational environment of 'wise-schooling' could offer useful opportunities for faculty to enhance minority students' academic success and educational satisfaction.
openalex: W1981835172 mag: 1981835172
Keywords: openalex:import

Efficacy of a school-based cardiac health promotion intervention program for African-American adolescents - Covelli, Maureen McCormick (Applied nursing research (Print), 2008)
African-American adolescents are twice as likely to develop hypertension in early adulthood than adolescents from other racial groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a school-based health promotion intervention. Participants were African-American adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years attending an urban high school. The 9-week intervention program focused on the participants' knowledge, diet, exercise, and blood pressure. The intervention program was efficacious in knowledge (p = .0001), exercise (p = .0001), as well as fruit and vegetable intake (p = .0001). Differences in systolic (p = .5548) and diastolic (p = .9719) blood pressure levels were not significant.
openalex: W2095527798 mag: 2095527798
Keywords: openalex:import

Systematic InSAR monitoring of African active volcanic zones: What we have learned in three years, or an harvest beyond our expectations - d’Oreye, Nicolas; Fernández, José; González, Pablo J.; Kervyn, F.; Wauthier, C.; Frischknecht, Corine; Calais, E.; Heleno, Sandra; Cayol, Valérie; Oyen, A.; Marinkovic, Petar (2008)
We present here a brief overview of some findings and preliminary results obtained after almost three years of systematic monitoring of active volcanic areas in Africa by means of differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR). With a database rich of more than 400 SAR scenes of Fogo (Cape Verde), Ol Doinyo Lengai (Tanzania), Nyiragongo-Nyamulagira (DR of Congo) and Mount Cameroon volcanoes, we processed more than 2000 interferograms among which we could detect significant and major geophysical processes: the first dyking event ever captured geodetically in a continental rift (Lake Natron; Northern Tanzania), the co-eruptive deformations of the Lengai, Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes, the co-seismic displacements associated to the mb 6.1 February 3 rd 2008 Bukavu earthquake as well as the identification of atmospheric induced phase delays over Fogo and Mount Cameroon volcanoes to be attributed to the seasonal oscillations of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). These results have been reached given the abundance of data that increases the chances to capture unpredictable events, and capture them with the most favorable interferometric conditions as possible (e.g. in terms of geometrical and temporal baselines that minimized the vegetation-induced decorrelation). They provided strong scientific material as well as tools for hazard assessment.
openalex: W2106392596 mag: 2106392596
Keywords: openalex:import

‘Our family business was education’: professional socialization among intergenerational African‐American teaching families - Dingus, Jeannine E. (International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 2008)
Abstract Teacher socialization is primarily examined as an institutional‐based phenomenon, with particular focus on individuals’ PK–12 schooling experiences, teacher education programs, or workplace‐based socialization. This study situates professional socialization experiences of African‐American teachers within teaching families, examining how culturally situated socialization practices inform and shape professional entry and conceptualizations. Nine Black women teachers, all members of three intergenerational teaching families, participated in the study. Data sources included individual life‐history interviews, group conversations and participant‐generated writings. Findings indicate intergenerational socialization into the tradition of Black women teachers, with an emphasis on individual and collective social responsibility. Participants were socialized into the family business of teaching for reasons of stability, complicated by the ironies of social, educational and economic progress for Black women. Notes 1. Throughout this article, the terms African‐American and Black are used interchangeably to describe and discuss people of African descent. The term African‐American specifies cultural experiences and sociopolitical location of those of African descent born and living within the United States. Thus, the term invokes geopolitical understandings specific to the United States. The term Black is used more broadly to describe the experiences, cultural practices and sociopolitical location of people across the African Diaspora. Within this paper, Black is used to describe the participants because they identified themselves as such. 2. The influence of family is, as Jordell (Citation1987) and Pajak and Blase (Citation1989) discuss, encompassed by references to personal influences on teachers. Such personal influences include interactions with PK–12 students, colleagues, administrators and family emerging as a source of personal support. See Dingus (Citation2003) for a fuller description and discussion of family socialization among teaching families. 3. The term culture, as utilized within this article, denotes specific reference to African‐American cultural practices. While I recognize the term holds multiple meanings across disciplines, I draw upon Nobles’s (Citation1988) representation of culture as the shared knowledge, worldviews, expressive forms, institutions and life‐practices that shape African‐American survival mechanisms and negotiation of daily living. Additionally, my utilization of culture builds upon African‐American collective orientations towards knowledge, experiences notwithstanding historical, political and economic; consciousness and skills, while accounting for individual variances (King Citation1995; Collins Citation2000; Tillman Citation2002). 4. Due to logistical constraints, I was unable to travel to North Carolina to conduct face‐to‐face interviews. Thus, members of the North Carolina‐based family participated in individual audio‐taped telephone interviews and did not participate in the group conversations. 5. For a fuller account of the Lockhart/Salters’ family involvement and transition from desegregated to integrated school settings, please see Dingus (Citation2006b).
openalex: W1975982264 mag: 1975982264
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of a modular HIV/AIDS palliative care education programme in rural Uganda - Downing, Julia; Kawuma, Esther (International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 2008)
Over 1 million people are living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda and there is a need for the provision of comprehensive palliative care. There is minimal literature with regard to the provision of palliative care in Uganda and there is no evaluation literature on the quality of palliative care education programmes. The aim of the study was to conduct an evaluation of a modular HIV/AIDS palliative care education programme undertaken in rural Uganda by the Mildmay Centre. The evaluation was based on a case study design where the researcher worked alongside the training team. It was undertaken in Rukungiri district and participants on the programme were drawn from four different health facilities within the district. The evaluation took place between January 2004 and December 2005 and multiple sources of data were used. Forty interviews and twenty focus group discussions were held, the work of the mobile training team was observed, documents reviewed and a research diary maintained by the researcher. A perceived and reported impact was seen at the patient and community level, participant level, health facility and district levels. An increase in access to care by people living with HIV/AIDS was seen as stigma was reduced and the attitudes of health workers towards people living with HIV/AIDS improved. Strengths and weaknesses of the programme were identified along with recommendations for future programmes.
openalex: W1998504993 mag: 1998504993
Keywords: openalex:import

The induction of novice teachers in community junior secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana - Dube, Wilhelminah S (2008)
openalex: W1915250476 mag: 1915250476
Keywords: openalex:import

Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya - Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Kremer, Michael (2008)
To the extent that students benefit from high-achieving peers, tracking will help strong students and hurt weak ones.However, all students may benefit if tracking allows teachers to present material at a more appropriate level.Lower-achieving pupils are particularly likely to benefit from tracking if teachers would otherwise have incentives to teach to the top of the distribution.We propose a simple model nesting these effects.We compare 61 Kenyan schools in which students were randomly assigned to a first grade class with 60 in which students were assigned based on initial achievement.In non-tracking schools, students randomly assigned to academically stronger peers scored higher, consistent with a positive direct effect of academically strong peers.However, compared to their counterparts in non-tracking schools, students in tracking schools scored 0.14 standard deviations higher after 18 months, and this effect persisted one year after the program ended.Furthermore, students at all levels of the distribution benefited from tracking.Students near the median of the pre-test distribution benefited similarly whether assigned to the lower or upper section.A natural interpretation is that the direct effect of high-achieving peers is positive, but that tracking benefited lower-achieving pupils indirectly by allowing teachers to teach at a level more appropriate to them.
openalex: W2122659314 mag: 2122659314
Keywords: openalex:import

Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya - Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Kremer, Michael (2008)
To the extent that students benefit from high-achieving peers, tracking will help strong students and hurt weak ones. However, all students may benefit if tracking allows teachers to present material at a more appropriate level. Lower-achieving pupils are particularly likely to benefit from tracking if teachers would otherwise have incentives to teach to the top of the distribution. We propose a simple model nesting these effects. We compare 61 Kenyan schools in which students were randomly assigned to a first grade class with 60 in which students were assigned based on initial achievement. In non-tracking schools, students randomly assigned to academically stronger peers scored higher, consistent with a positive direct effect of academically strong peers. However, compared to their counterparts in non-tracking schools, students in tracking schools scored 0.14 standard deviations higher after 18 months, and this effect persisted one year after the program ended. Furthermore, students at all levels of the distribution benefited from tracking. Students near the median of the pre-test distribution benefited similarly whether assigned to the lower or upper section. A natural interpretation is that the direct effect of high achieving peers is positive, but that tracking benefited lower-achieving pupils indirectly by allowing teachers to teach at a level more appropriate to them.
openalex: W3125546362 mag: 3125546362
Keywords: openalex:import

Preliminary findings of vocational training in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey of outcomes and implications - Eaton, Polly (World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 2008)
Amaudo Itumbauzo is a non-governmental organisation in south east Nigeria providing services for the most severely mentally ill; those who end up homeless. Work training is an integral part of rehabilitation in a society where all members of a family are expected to make a contribution to the home. This cross-sectional study looks at the engagement in work activities of residents discharged from the residential rehabilitation facility. A sample of all those discharged during the past three years was identifiedand 51 interviews were carried out. One third of ex-residents were found to be engaged in work. Of those not working half had never started work upon returning to the community. The findings were presented to staff at the rehabilitation centre who contributed to the interpretation of the results. Conclusions are drawn about developing the vocational training service. Further research needs are identified and suggestions are made for the role of occupational therapists in an African context.
openalex: W2080520234 mag: 2080520234
Keywords: openalex:import

University-School Partnerships: An Exploratory Study of Nigerian Teachers Sitting in on Student Teachers' Lessons - Ejieh, Michael U. C. (Research in Education, 2008)
openalex: W2000782415 mag: 2000782415
Keywords: openalex:import

Effectiveness of a blended e-learning cooperative approach in an Egyptian teacher education programme - EL-Deghaidy, Heba; Nouby, Ahmed M. (Computers & Education, 2008)
This paper describes the results and implications of a study into the effectiveness of a blended e-learning cooperative approach (BeLCA) on Pre-Service Teacher’s (PST) achievement, attitudes towards e-learning and cooperativeness. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used with participants of the study. Twenty-six science PSTs, enrolled in an Egyptian university, represented the study’s experiential and control groups. Pre and post-tools were administered to participants in the two groups in a quasiexperimental design. Instruments to measure dependent variables of the study were developed by the authors in light of relevant previous studies. The findings suggest that PSTs in the experimental group have higher achievement levels in their post-overall-course-test, ‘comprehensive-score’, and attitudes towards e-learning environments compared to those of the control group. The specific design of the course may be responsible for these changes. Future implications and suggestions for teacher educational programmes are presented.
openalex: W2083929037 mag: 2083929037
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceived stress among male medical students in Egypt and Saudi Arabia: effect of sociodemographic factors - El‐Gilany, Abdel‐Hady; Amr, Mostafa; Hammad, Sabry Mohamed (Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2008)
2][3][4] Perceived stress is associated with increased levels of depression, 2,3 drug abuse, re-lationship difficulties, anxiety and suicide. 4Moreover, tired, tense and anxious doctors will not provide as high a quality of care as do those who do not suffer from these conditions. 5ome studies suggest that most stress occurs dur-ing the transition from preclinical to clinical train-ing. 6Others suggest higher levels of stress in first-year medical students due to the tremendous change in lifestyle, 6,7 or in the penultimate clinical year. 8Studies suggesting that medical students are vulnerable to mental health problems has generated increased con-cern in Western societies. 9In Arab countries, epide-miological data about psychological morbidity among
openalex: W2049362037 mag: 2049362037
Keywords: openalex:import

The Role of Kenya National Library Services in Supporting Universal Primary Education in Eldoret Municipality. - Elsebah, Maseh J. (2008)
openalex: W2921538543 mag: 2921538543
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching History after Identity‐Based Conflicts: The Rwanda Experience - Freedman, Sarah Warshauer; Weinstein, Harvey M.; Murphy, Karen L.; Longman, Timothy (Comparative Education Review, 2008)
Previous articleNext article No AccessTeaching History after Identity‐Based Conflicts: The Rwanda ExperienceSarah Warshauer Freedman, Harvey M. Weinstein, Karen Murphy, and Timothy LongmanSarah Warshauer Freedman Search for more articles by this author , Harvey M. Weinstein Search for more articles by this author , Karen Murphy Search for more articles by this author , and Timothy Longman Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 52, Number 4November 2008Special Issue on Education in Conflict and Postconflict SocietiesGuest Editors: Lynn Davies and Christopher Talbot Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/591302 Views: 1025Total views on this site Citations: 81Citations are reported from Crossref History © 2008 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Daniel Bar‐Tal, Soli Vered, Shai Fuxman Between Open‐minded Critical Thinking and Closed‐minded Allegiance: Educational Tensions in Societies Involved in Intractable Conflict, Political Psychology 42, no.S1S1 (Sep 2020): 3–28.https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12687Merethe Skårås Teaching and learning the most recent history in divided societies emerging from conflict: A review of the literature through the lens of social justice, Journal of Peace Education 18, no.33 (Aug 2021): 282–308.https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2021.1965971Michael Schulz, Ezechiel Sentama The relational legacies of colonialism: peace education and reconciliation in Rwanda, Third World Quarterly 42, no.55 (Dec 2020): 1052–1068.https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1853521Maria Ghosn-Chelala, Bassel Akar Citizenship education for environmental sustainability in Lebanon: public school teachers’ understandings and approaches, Environmental Education Research 27, no.33 (Feb 2021): 366–381.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2021.1879024Miho Taka When education in emergencies fails: learners’ motivations for a second chance education in post-conflict Rwanda, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 38 (Feb 2021): 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2021.1886908Gabriel Velez, Michelle J. Bellino, Scott Moeschberger Supporting Peace by Broadening “Youth” and Attending to Their Diverse Development in Transitional Societies, (Sep 2021): 247–267.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77688-6_14Donatilla Mukamana, Lisa López Levers, Kenya Johns, Darius Gishoma, Yvonne Kayiteshonga, Achour Ait Mohand A Community-Based Mental Health Intervention: Promoting Mental Health Services in Rwanda, (Nov 2021): 1103–1119.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57296-9_36Sarah Dryden-Peterson Civic education and the education of refugees, Intercultural Education 31, no.55 (Aug 2020): 592–606.https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2020.1794203Aryn Bloodworth Educational (de)segregation in North Macedonia: The intersection of policies, schools, and individuals, European Educational Research Journal 19, no.44 (Feb 2020): 310–328.https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904120907723Beth C. Rubin, Hana Cervinkova Challenging Silences: Democratic Citizenship Education and Historical Memory in Poland and Guatemala, Anthropology & Education Quarterly 51, no.22 (Dec 2019): 178–194.https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12329Miho Taka The role of education in peacebuilding: learner narratives from Rwanda, Journal of Peace Education 17, no.11 (Sep 2019): 107–122.https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2019.1669146Bethany Mulimbi, Sarah Dryden‐Peterson Experiences of (Dis)Unity: Students’ Negotiation of Ethnic and National Identities in Botswana Schools, Anthropology & Education Quarterly 50, no.44 (Aug 2019): 404–423.https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12312Line Kuppens, Arnim Langer Building Social Cohesion through Education in Africa? Lessons from Côte d’Ivoire and Kenya, (Aug 2019): 322–345.https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108645195.011Gabriel M. Velez Building Human Rights Consciousness in Postconflict Societies: Peruvian Adolescents’ Understandings of Human Rights, Journal of Adolescent Research 34, no.44 (Jul 2017): 438–463.https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417722519Geerte M. Savenije, Nicola Brauch, Wolfgang Wagner Sensitivities in history teaching across Europe and Israel, Pedagogy, Culture & Society 27, no.11 (Jan 2019): 1–6.https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2019.1566163Clive Harber Evidence on Curriculum—History and Religious Education, (May 2019): 167–198.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17689-1_8Donatilla Mukamana, Lisa Lopez Levers, Kenya Johns, Darius Gishoma, Yvonne Kayiteshonga, Achour Ait Mohand A Community-Based Mental Health Intervention: Promoting Mental Health Services in Rwanda, (Jul 2019): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_36-1Taru Niskanen, Katharina Buske Non-state Teachers in Mon State: Teacher Identity and a Struggle with Inequality, (Oct 2018): 163–181.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93812-7_8Line Kuppens, Arnim Langer Peut-on apprendre la paix à l’école ? Une évaluation du cours « Éducation aux droits de l’homme et à la citoyenneté » (EDHC) en Côte d’Ivoire post-conflit, International Review of Education 64, no.55 (Jul 2018): 633–650.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-018-9729-7Aaron P. Johnson, Lisa Pennington Teaching “Other” Genocides: Exploring the Intersection of Global Education and Genocide Studies, The Social Studies 109, no.55 (Jan 2019): 227–237.https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2018.1483312S. Garnett Russell Global Discourses and Local Practices: Teaching Citizenship and Human Rights in Postgenocide Rwanda, Comparative Education Review 62, no.33 (May 2018): 385–408.https://doi.org/10.1086/698305Bethany Mulimbi, Sarah Dryden-Peterson “There is still peace. There are no wars.”: Prioritizing unity over diversity in Botswana’s social studies policies and practices and the implications for positive peace, International Journal of Educational Development 61 (Jul 2018): 142–154.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.12.009Merethe Skårås Focused Ethnographic Research on Teaching and Learning in Conflict Zones: History Education in South Sudan, Forum for Development Studies 45, no.22 (Jul 2016): 217–238.https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2016.1202316Tsafrir Goldberg, Geerte M. Savenije Teaching Controversial Historical Issues, (Mar 2018): 503–526.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119100812.ch19Paul Thomas Whose Vision 2020? The World Bank’s development and educational discourse in Rwanda, Development Studies Research 5, no.11 (May 2018): 50–58.https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2018.1469422GILLIAN MATHYS BRINGING HISTORY BACK IN: PAST, PRESENT, AND CONFLICT IN RWANDA AND THE EASTERN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, The Journal of African History 58, no.33 (Oct 2017): 465–487.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853717000391Denise Bentrovato Accounting for genocide: transitional justice, mass (re)education and the pedagogy of truth in present-day Rwanda, Comparative Education 53, no.33 (Jun 2017): 396–417.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1317997Julia Paulson, Michelle J. Bellino Truth commissions, education, and positive peace: an analysis of truth commission final reports (1980–2015), Comparative Education 53, no.33 (Jun 2017): 351–378.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1334428Susan Shepler, James H. Williams Understanding Sierra Leonean and Liberian teachers’ views on discussing past wars in their classrooms, Comparative Education 53, no.33 (Jun 2017): 418–441.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2017.1338641Dana Burde, Amy Kapit, Rachel L. Wahl, Ozen Guven, Margot Igland Skarpeteig Education in Emergencies: A Review of Theory and Research, Review of Educational Research 87, no.33 (Nov 2016): 619–658.https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316671594Sarah Dryden-Peterson and Bethany Mulimbi Pathways toward Peace: Negotiating National Unity and Ethnic Diversity through Education in Botswana, Comparative Education Review 61, no.11 (Dec 2016): 58–82.https://doi.org/10.1086/689614Denise Bentrovato History Textbook Writing in Post-conflict Societies: From Battlefield to Site and Means of Conflict Transformation, (Aug 2017): 37–76.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54681-0_2Michelle J. Bellino, James H. Williams Introduction, (Jan 2017): 1–20.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_1Julia Paulson From Truth to Textbook, (Jan 2017): 291–311.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_13Elisabeth King What Framing Analysis Can Teach Us about History Textbooks, Peace, and Conflict, (Jan 2017): 23–48.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_2Juan Espindola Why Historical Injustice Must be Taught in Schools, Studies in Philosophy and Education 36, no.11 (Aug 2016): 95–106.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-016-9536-1Elizabeth A. Worden, Cynthia Miller-Idriss Beyond Multiculturalism: Conflict, Co-Existence, and Messy Identities, (Dec 2016): 289–311.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920160000030018Clare Magill Approaches to Teaching the Civil War and Franco Dictatorship in Contemporary Spain, (Oct 2016): 257–286.https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737006088.257Beth C. Rubin We Come to Form Ourselves Bit by Bit, American Educational Research Journal 53, no.33 (Jun 2016): 639–672.https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216646871Line Kuppens, Arnim Langer To address or not to address the violent past in the classroom? That is the question in Côte d’Ivoire, Journal of Peace Education 13, no.22 (Jul 2016): 153–171.https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2016.1205002 1. History, identity, and the politics of education: a conceptual framework, (Feb 2016): 15–36.https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737005166.15 Bibliography, (Feb 2016): 225–250.https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737005166.225Michelle J. Bellino So That We Do Not Fall Again: History Education and Citizenship in “Postwar” Guatemala, Comparative Education Review 60, no.11 (Dec 2015): 58–79.https://doi.org/10.1086/684361Christina Parker Pedagogical Tools for Peacebuilding Education: Engaging and Empathizing With Diverse Perspectives in Multicultural Elementary Classrooms, Theory & Research in Social Education 44, no.11 (Feb 2016): 104–140.https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2015.1100150Dominique E. Uwizeyimana The Challenges of Ensuring that Justice is Done and is Seen to be Done in Post- Ethnic Conflicts: The Case of Rwanda, Studies of Tribes and Tribals 13, no.22 (Oct 2017): 115–134.https://doi.org/10.1080/0972639X.2015.11886718Phillip L. Hammack, Andrew Pilecki Power in History: Contrasting Theoretical Approaches to Intergroup Dialogue, Journal of Social Issues 71, no.22 (Jun 2015): 371–385.https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12116Mitsuko Matsumoto Schooling’s ‘contribution’ to contemporary violent conflict: Review of theoretical ideas and case studies in the field of education and conflict, Research in Comparative and International Education 10, no.22 (Jun 2015): 238–256.https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499915571708Yair Ziv, Deborah Golden, Tsafrir Goldberg Teaching Traumatic History to Young Children: The Case of Holocaust Studies in Israeli Kindergartens, Early Education and Development 26, no.44 (Feb 2015): 520–533.https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1000719Erik van Ommering Formal history education in Lebanon: Crossroads of past conflicts and prospects for peace, International Journal of Educational Development 41 (Mar 2015): 200–207.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.06.009Naomi A. Moland Featured Article: Can Multiculturalism Be Exported? Dilemmas of Diversity on Nigeria’s Sesame Square, Comparative Education Review 59, no.11 (Jun 2015): 1–23.https://doi.org/10.1086/679014John Giblin Archaeological Ethics and Violence in Post-genocide Rwanda, (Oct 2014): 33–49.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1643-6_3Sarah Dryden-Peterson, Michelle J. Bellino, Vidur Chopra Conflict: Education and Youth, (Jan 2015): 632–638.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.64120-XMagali Bessone La réconciliation par l’histoire en Bosnie-Herzégovine, Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest N° 45, no.33 (Dec 2014): 149–175.https://doi.org/10.3917/receo.453.0149Magali Bessone La réconciliation par l’histoire en Bosnie-Herzégovine L’impossible réception d’un modèle multiculturel européen, Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest 45, no.03-0403-04 (Jan 2015): 149–176.https://doi.org/10.4074/S0338059914003064Jeremy Cunningham Schooling for Conflict Transformation: A Case Study from Northern Uganda, Research in Comparative and International Education 9, no.22 (Jan 2014): 181–196.https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2014.9.2.181Brian K. Lanahan, Michele S. Phillips ‘It is like putting fire in the children’s hands’: a comparative case study of pre-service teachers’ knowledge of and beliefs about education for democracy in an established and emerging post-conflict democracy, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44, no.33 (Sep 2012): 394–415.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2012.721583Susan Garnett Russell, Dijana Tiplic Rights-based education and conflict: a cross-national study of rights discourse in textbooks, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44, no.33 (Mar 2013): 314–334.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.765288Yuval Yonay, Eran Shor Ethnic Coexistence in Deeply Divided Societies: The Case of Arab Athletes in the Hebrew Media, The Sociological Quarterly 55, no.22 (Nov 2016): 396–420.https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12056Michelle J. Bellino Whose Past, Whose Present?, (Jan 2014): 131–151.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-656-1_7John Daniel Giblin A Reconsideration of Rwandan Archaeological Ceramics and their Political Significance in a Post-Genocide Era, African Archaeological Review 30, no.44 (Nov 2013): 501–529.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-013-9144-1Anna Drake, Allison McCulloch Deliberating and Learning Contentious Issues: How Divided Societies Represent Conflict in History Textbooks, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 13, no.33 (Dec 2013): 277–294.https://doi.org/10.1111/sena.12045Rosalie Metro Postconflict History Curriculum Revision as an “Intergroup Encounter” Promoting Interethnic Reconciliation among Burmese Migrants and Refugees in Thailand, Comparative Education Review 57, no.11 (Jul 2015): 145–168.https://doi.org/10.1086/667529Lesley Emerson Conflict, transition and education for ‘political generosity’: learning from the experience of ex-combatants in Northern Ireland, Journal of Peace Education 9, no.33 (Dec 2012): 277–295.https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2012.691076Colette Daiute Living history by youth in post-war situations, (Nov 2012): 175–198.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139381796.013John Giblin Decolonial Challenges and Post-Genocide Archaeological Politics in Rwanda, Public Archaeology 11, no.33 (Dec 2013): 123–143.https://doi.org/10.1179/1465518713Z.00000000012John Barton Confusion and Communion: Christian Mission and Ethnic Identities in Postgenocide Rwanda, Missiology: An International Review 40, no.33 (Jul 2012): 229–248.https://doi.org/10.1177/009182961204000302Jennifer M. Jones Language at the brink of conflict: micro-language planning in one western Kenyan school, Language Policy 11, no.22 (Nov 2011): 119–143.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-011-9221-8Zeus Leonardo After the Glow: Race Ambivalence and Other Educational Prognoses, (Feb 2012): 124–147.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118343142.ch9Ritesh Shah Goodbye conflict, hello development? Curriculum reform in Timor-Leste, International Journal of Educational Development 32, no.11 (Jan 2012): 31–38.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.04.005Monisha Bajaj Human Rights Education in Small Schools in India, Peace Review 24, no.11 (Jan 2012): 6–13.https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2012.650999David Newbury Canonical Conventions in Rwanda: Four Myths of Recent Historiography in Central Africa, History in Africa 39 (May 2014): 41–76.https://doi.org/10.1353/hia.2012.0015Helga Stokes, Shane S. Chaplin, Shimaa Dessouky, Liya Aklilu, Rodney K. Hopson Addressing Social Injustices, Displacement, and Minority Rights Through Cases of Culturally Responsive Evaluation, Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education 5, no.33 (Jul 2011): 167–177.https://doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2011.583514Lyndsay McLean Hilker The role of education in driving conflict and building peace: The case of Rwanda, PROSPECTS 41, no.22 (May 2011): 267–282.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9193-7Elizabeth Anderson Worden The “Mock Reform” of History Education in Moldova: Actors versus the Script, Comparative Education Review 55, no.22 (Jul 2015): 231–251.https://doi.org/10.1086/657999Lynn Davies Learning for state‐building: capacity development, education and fragility, Comparative Education 47, no.22 (Jun 2011): 157–180.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2011.554085Yusuf Sayed, Lynn Davies, Mike Hardy, Abbas Madandar Arani, Lida Kakia, Masooda Bano Global security, religion and education development: a crisis for the field of comparative education?, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 41, no.33 (May 2011): 415–431.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2011.564033ZEUS LEONARDO After the Glow: Race ambivalence and other educational prognoses, Educational Philosophy and Theory 43, no.66 (Jan 2013): 675–698.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00645.xLynn Davies The Different Faces of Education in Conflict, Development 53, no.44 (Nov 2010): 491–497.https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2010.69Beth Lewis Samuelson, Sarah Warshauer Freedman Language policy, multilingual education, and power in Rwanda, Language Policy 9, no.33 (Jun 2010): 191–215.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-010-9170-7Diane Brook Napier African socialism, post-colonial development, and education: Change and continuity in the post-socialist era, (Mar 2015): 369–399.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014017Elisabeth King From Data Problems to Data Points: Challenges and Opportunities of Research in Postgenocide Rwanda, African Studies Review 52, no.33 (Oct 2013): 127–148.https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0295
openalex: W2156256375 mag: 2156256375
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and identification of terrestrial protected areas in the Seychelles Islands - Gerlach, Justin (Biodiversity, 2008)
Abstract The Seychelles islands are notable for the high proportion of land area designated as National Parks (43%). These sites were designated with the aim of protecting water catchments and threatened species, mostly in the 1960s and 1970s. Their location does not take into consideration the likely impacts of climate change. It is anticipated that changes in organism and habitat distributions in the Seychelles islands will occur over the next 50-100 years largely as a result of sea level change and altered rainfall patterns. Species and sites at particular risk will be those associated with low-lying areas and high altitude moss forest habitats. Due to the small area of the Seychelles islands and their isolated nature there is no significant potential for redesign of protected areas to allow migration and mitigation, unlike continental ecosystems. The impacts on particularly threatened protected areas, both existing (e.g. Aldabra World Heritage Site) and potential, are highlighted.
openalex: W2015266851 mag: 2015266851
Keywords: openalex:import

The effect of motivation on teacher effectiveness in public primary schools: a case study of Embu District Central Division Kenya. - Gichuki, Kamau; James, Mark (2008)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute Of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the A ward of the Degree of Bachelor of Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3036403283 mag: 3036403283
Keywords: openalex:import

UP.68: Prostate Cancer Review: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana - Gyasi-Sarpong, K C; Awauh, B.; Aboah, K.; Opoku, P. (Urology, 2008)
In Ghana, prostate caner is the highest incident male cancer and the second cause of mortality posing ever increasing threats to the population and health care systems in all fronts. There is an urgent need to improve understanding of how cancer affects the country and are better prepared to address current and future needs. This study aims to review prostate cancers at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) from January 2004 to December 2006.
openalex: W1993340462 mag: 1993340462
Keywords: openalex:import

Training Traditional Birth Attendants in Southern Sudan - Haarsager, Mary (Creative Nursing, 2008)
openalex: W2084744076 mag: 2084744076
Keywords: openalex:import

Through the nominations of principals: Effective teachers of African American students share limitations of high-stakes testing - Haynes, Kenya LaTrece (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2008)
This study examines how elementary school teachers, nominated by their principals as effective teachers of African American students, perceive their effectiveness in an era of high-stakes testing that is influenced and constrained by policy dominance. The implications in this study might be useful in preparing prospective and practicing teachers to examine their instructional practices as they pursue successful outcomes with culturally diverse students.
openalex: W2089538714 mag: 2089538714
Keywords: openalex:import

Indoor Air Pollution and Child Health in a Rural Area in Egypt - Ibrahim, Akma; Abdel‐Aziz, Fatma; Toma, Zhana; Zhang, J (Epidemiology, 2008)
openalex: W3024211935 mag: 3024211935
Keywords: openalex:import

Mother Tongue-Based Bilingual Education in Nigeria: Attitudes and Practice - Igboanusi, Herbert (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2008)
Abstract Although Nigeria's National Policy on Education provides for a multilingual policy involving the learning of a child's L1 or language of the immediate community (LIC), one of the three major or national languages (i.e. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) and English, this policy has not been effectively implemented. This paper reviews the problems and challenges of bilingual education in Nigeria and suggests ways in which bilingual programmes may be implemented successfully in the country to the maximum benefit of the students and the entire nation. To determine the attitude of students, teachers, parents and administrators towards bilingual education, the study solicited the responses of 1000 participants from five different states. The results show that the respondents preferred education in both English and the mother tongue (MT) and were not positively disposed to the use of only one of them. It is also interesting that a majority of the respondents wanted the use of the MT beyond the first three years of primary education.
openalex: W2085837441 mag: 2085837441
Keywords: openalex:import

Leadership training for mission in the Anglican Church of Kenya - Kagema, Dickson Nkonge (2008)
openalex: W22877902 mag: 22877902
Keywords: openalex:import

The Returns to Vocational Training and Academic Education: Evidence from Tanzania - Kahyarara, Godius; Teal, Francis (World Development, 2008)
In this paper we ask what can account for the continuing strong preference for academic education in Africa where the level of development is so low and there are few wage jobs and which form of educational investment, the academic or vocational, is most profitable. We argue that the answers to these questions are linked through the shape of the earnings function and the importance of firm effects. High levels of academic education have far higher returns than those available either from vocational or lower levels of academic. However at lower levels the vocational return can exceed the academic.
openalex: W2026609659 mag: 2026609659
Keywords: openalex:import

Human Rights Based Approach to Disability in Development in Uganda: A Way to Fill the Gap between Political and Social Spaces? - Katsui, Hisayo; Kumpuvuori, Jukka (Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 2008)
Human rights have become one of the key concepts both in theory and practice of disability studies. The trend is applicable also to the discourse of disability in development: disability in “developing countries”. This paper investigates both the theory and practice of human rights based approach to disability in development. The case study is on Uganda, which has succeeded in creating political space for persons with disabilities while their social space has not been developed as much. Both interviews and literature reviews illustrate the argument. On the basis of the findings from the Ugandan case, we analyse the gap between political and social spaces from the perspective of the human rights based approach, and summarize the significances of the approach to disability in development, and also the challenges in its operationalisation.
openalex: W1964439627 mag: 1964439627
Keywords: openalex:import

Parents' and teachers' communication about HIV and sex in relation to the timing of sexual initiation among young adolescents in Tanzania - Kawai, Kosuke; Kaaya, Sylvia; Kajula, Lusajo; Mbwambo, Jessie; Kilonzo, Gad P.; Fawzi, Wafaie W. (Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2008)
Aims: Early sexual debut is associated with increased HIV risk among young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study examines parents' and teachers' communication about sexual matters in relation to the timing of sexual initiation among students aged 12—14 years old in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Virgin primary school students were followed prospectively for 6 months to assess sexual initiation. Socio-demographic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors were assessed with a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Of 2477 adolescents, 26.9% of students reported communicating about HIV and sex with parents and 35.6% communicated with teachers. Communication with teachers about HIV and sex was associated with delayed sexual initiation among adolescents after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.40—0.89, p=0.01). However, parental communication was not associated with the timing of sexual initiation. The perception that most peers are sexually active was a significant predictor of early sexual debut (test for linear trend, p=0.002). Students who do not live with a biological mother were marginally more likely to initiate sex compared to those who live with a biological mother (OR=1.39, 95%CI=0.97—1.99, p=0.08). Conclusions: Teachers can play an effective role in discussing HIV and sex with young adolescents. Our study highlights the necessity of responsible adults discussing sexual matters with young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. More research is required to better understand the role of parental communication about sexual matters and strategies for improving the quality of parental communication.
openalex: W2046082646 mag: 2046082646
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers Attitude towards Learners with Learning Difficulties: The Case of Siakago Zone, Mbeere District, Kenya - Kenneth, Mureithi Kibandi (2008)
Research report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood and Primary Education International University
openalex: W2997308426 mag: 2997308426
Keywords: openalex:import

Spirituality in the workplace: a reality for South African teachers? - Klerk-Luttig, Jeanette de (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
openalex: W4300634727
Keywords: openalex:import

‘Hey, Teacher, Speak Black Please’: The Educational Effectiveness of Bilingual Education in Burkina Faso - Lavoie, Constance (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2008)
Abstract Africa's educational systems are undergoing a quiet revolution. As these systems move away from working exclusively in the old colonial languages, usually English or French, bilingual schools which use local indigenous languages are springing up in many regions of Africa. This paper points out the historical processes driving the bilingual education movement in Burkina Faso. Since 1997, a school's parent association has been able transform the unilingual school in their community to a bilingual school. Bilingual education means a transitional system starting with the children's first language and gradually transferring to French. Another characteristic of bilingual schools is that they add cultural activities (story telling, songs, dance, music) and productive activities (agriculture, cattle rearing, woodworking) to the basic curriculum. This paper analyses the impact of this emerging new pedagogy on the teachers and students. The analysis is based on the author's experience teaching in Burkina Faso in 2003 and her fieldwork in 2006. The data is collected from two months of descriptive-analytical classroom observations. This paper argues that bilingual education improves student and community participation. The paper also looks at teacher practices and how bilingual education affects their relation with their pupils.
openalex: W2145604119 mag: 2145604119
Keywords: openalex:import

Debating the revival of the workers' movement in the 1970s: the South African democracy education trust and post-apartheid patriotic history - Legassick, Martin (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
The South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET) was established to undertake research on the history of the liberation struggle between 1960 and 1994. By 2008 it had published a volume on the struggle in the 1960s, and one on the 1970s, with which this article is concerned, was published in 2006. ' Ben Magubane, director of the project, whom I had known well since the time we were fellow-graduate students at the University of California, Los Angeles in the mid1960s, asked me to participate in it from early on, and I contributed to the first volume as an author, as solicitor of contributors and editor of chapters. To his credit Magubane did so despite knowing of my suspension and subsequent expulsion from the ANC (African National Congress) and the doubts of the Minister in the Presidency, Essop Pahad, about my involvement in the project. He praised my work on the first volume: soliciting chapters and personnel and editing chapters, including his own. I was asked, together with Dave Hemson and Nicole Ulrich, to contribute to the second volume a chapter on the Durban strikes and the revival of the workers' movement during the decade. The three of us submitted the draft chapter early in 2005, and it immediately came under severe criticism from Professor Magubane. I was totally taken aback by the vehemence and vindictiveness of his comments. He wrote three sets of comments on the chapter to which we responded.2 Also the original chapter was far too long (145 pages), and was cut more or less in half by the authors, as well as revised, with new material added. The debate culminated in a unilateral decision by Professor Magubane to retitle the chapter. The original title, 'The revival of the workers' movement', was changed to 'White activists and the revival of the workers' movement' (my emphasis). The authors reluctantly conceded to this only on the condition that a footnote was inserted stating: 'The authors disagree with the retitling of this chapter by the editors from the original.... This racialisation of the title, imposed by the editors, belittles the part played by the African workers themselves and the efforts, initiatives and self-sacrifice of many
openalex: W1525477645 mag: 1525477645
Keywords: openalex:import

Transnational Connections and Education in the Somali Context - Lindley, Anna (Journal of Eastern African Studies, 2008)
Abstract International migration or displacement is usually represented as a ‘brain drain’ for emigrants’ countries of origin, particularly in Eastern Africa. There are, however, other potential strands in the relationship between people's migration and education that have received less attention, but merit consideration, including transnational connections such as migrants’ remittances to their families. This paper focuses on the Somali context, where conflict both severely damaged the educational system and provoked mass emigration. The paper argues that migration and transnational connections shape access to, choices about, and provision of formal education in contemporary Somali society. It identifies and explores three key channels of influence: emigration and return to the country of origin; migrants’ cash remittances to family members; and diaspora philanthropy. Related policy issues are also considered.
openalex: W1992578017 mag: 1992578017
Keywords: openalex:import

Secondary School Education Development Programme (SSEDP) and Academic Performance in Tanzania - Lukware, Doris (2008)
A Research Report Submitted To the Faculty of Education in Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Education Of Kampala International University
openalex: W3150157316 mag: 3150157316
Keywords: openalex:import

The factors affecting girls’ performance in mathematics in secondary schools in Ruchu Zone, Maragua District, Kenya. - M., Gichane Jane (2008)
A research report submitted to the institute of open and distance learning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of bachelors degree in education (arts) of Kampala International University
openalex: W2995783243 mag: 2995783243
Keywords: openalex:import

Reflections on quality education in African higher education - Maila, Mago William; Awino, J.O. (Africa Education Review, 2008)
Abstract Worldwide the diverse ills in society are often seen as a manifestation of the weaknesses and poor quality of the education systems practiced, especially those founded on traditional approaches – highly disciplined patriotic regimens, with a great deal of memorisation and not much room for reflecting and questioning, in contrast to the contemporary education mission which seeks to produce free citizens, citizens who are free not because of wealth or birth, but because they can call their minds their own (Nussbaum, 1998). This paper critically explores both the basics of traditional education regimens, and the contemporary education mission as espoused by some renowned intellectuals, and concludes that a sound education system ought to cultivate humanity – a citizenry that can think critically, solve problems and apply new skills and techniques in diverse contexts, a citizenry that is knowledgeable about the care and wise use of the environment.
openalex: W1978825644 mag: 1978825644
Keywords: openalex:import

Geochemistry of the Neoarchaean mafic volcanic rocks of the Geita area, NW Tanzania: Implications for stratigraphical relationships in the Sukumaland greenstone belt - Manya, Shukrani; Maboko, Makenya A.H. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2008)
Geochemical data are presented for a suite of mafic volcanic rocks from the Geita area in the Sukumaland greenstone belt (SGB) of northwestern Tanzania with the aim of constraining their petrogenesis, tectonic setting and to assess a possible genetic link with mafic volcanic rocks from the Rwamagaza area also from the SGB previously reported by [Manya, S., Maboko, M.A.H., 2003. Dating basaltic volcanism in the Neoarchaean Sukumaland greenstone belt of the Tanzania Craton using the Sm–Nd method: implications for the geological evolution of the Tanzania Craton. Precambrian Research 121, 35–45] and [Manya, S., 2004. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks of the Neoarchaean Sukumaland greenstone belt, northwestern Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences 40, 269–279]. Mafic volcanic rocks from the two locations in the SGB show similar geochemical and Nd-isotopic compositions. Trace element and Nd-isotope compositions are consistent with their generation from a depleted MORB mantle (DMM) source which had been metasomatised by a subduction component in a late Archaean back arc setting at ∼2823 Ma. These findings are at variance with the previously proposed lithostratigraphical framework in the SGB which postulated an inner arcuate belt dominated by lower Nyanzian mafic volcanic rocks and an outer belt dominated by upper Nyanzian chemical sedimentary rocks, rare felsic flows and shales. The presence of mafic volcanic rocks flanking the outer belt which are of similar composition and age as those of the inner belt suggests that mafic volcanics in the SGB form discontinuous patches of rock distributed throughout the belt and separated by intervening granites. Furthermore, they corroborate previous evidence that both the rocks of the inner and outer belt formed more or less coevally and the subdivision of the volcano-sedimentary package of the SGB (and other greenstone belts of the Tanzania Craton) into a lower mafic volcanic dominated unit and an upper felsic volcanic and BIF dominated unit is not stratigraphically valid.
openalex: W2047673727 mag: 2047673727
Keywords: openalex:import

How does climate change affect groundwater in South Africa - Maserumule, R; Colvin, Christine; Woodborne, Stephan (2008)
INTRODUCTION Groundwater is a relatively small component of South Africaʼs water resources accounting for approximately 15 % percent of South Africaʼs water consumption (DWAF 2002). Unfortunately, this statistic is overshadowed by the fact that close to 65% of the population and more than 300 towns are entirely dependent upon this resource for their domestic water supply. The use of freshwater resources like groundwater is expected to increase in South Africa and other developing countries due to population and economic growth, changes in lifestyle and expanded water supply systems. Investigating the impact that climate change has on groundwater resources is an important step in determining management plans for the sustainable use of groundwater resources.
openalex: W99812014 mag: 99812014
Keywords: openalex:import

Professional Studies: The Zimbabwe Teacher Education Curriculum Burden Bearer? - Mavhunga, Pharoah Joseph; Mavundutse, Oliver; Mamvuto, Attwell (2008)
This study sought to probe the organization of the teacher education curriculum in Zimbabwe with particular focus on the Professional Studies section. The study was prompted by observations that new components were constantly added to the Professional Studies section without anything being removed, thereby congesting the section and threatening effective curriculum implementation. Data were gathered by the researchers through visits made to one Secondary Teachers’ College in 2007 and two Primary Teachers' Colleges in 2008 on Academic Examining. Ethnographic techniques that included observation, document analysis and group discussions were used for data collection. The data so gathered were analyzed using the qualitative approach. Findings established that the Professional Studies component appeared to be the most unstable and most loaded curriculum component as compared to other academic components such as the Main Subject/ Academic Study and the Theory of Education sections which lecturers in Professional Studies described as ‘sacred cows’ because they are rarely ‘interfered with' whenever curriculum change and or innovation is muted. This has led to the perception that Professional Studies is an amorphous curriculum component that is somewhat blurred in terms of definition. As a result, it does not seem to command as much respect and commitment among students as other academic sections of the curriculum, a situation which is detrimental to effective implementation of the teacher education curriculum. The study recommends that a curriculum review be carried out with the view to rationalizing, streamlining and reorganizing the three academic components of the teacher education curriculum in Zimbabwean teachers' colleges.
openalex: W1752194801 mag: 1752194801
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors that affects students performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). A case study of Ngong division, Kajiado district - Mboko, Teresa N (2008)
openalex: W2563148543 mag: 2563148543
Keywords: openalex:import

A cross-cultural collaborative: creating textbooks and learning materials and a sustainable partnership for African children - McIntyre, Linda (Africa Education Review, 2008)
Abstract This article describes a case study of the South Carolina State University (SCSU)-Zanzibar Textbook and Learning Materials Program (TLMP). A Needs Assessment Plan (NAP), consisting of interviews, observations and debriefings, and including a Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA), was implemented to determine the need for textbooks and learning materials. The purpose of the collaborative was to support capacity building in Zanzibar and provide textbooks and learning materials for children in this Sub-Saharan African region. The outcomes were achieved by developing, publishing, and delivering approximately one million culturally relevant textbooks for secondary students, as well as supplementary learning materials. Some of the Education For All (EFA) goals served as a guide for the TLMP's commitment to improve education and social awareness (i.e., gender, HIV/AIDS), and professional development through textbooks. Methodological considerations were framed by case study processes for a) describing, monitoring and analyzing causal effects, and b) a participatory research approach. The methods promoted an equitable process, giving voice to all participants. Consistent with the findings, results were culturally relevant textbooks and improved capacity for Zanzibari participants. Thus, a comprehensive process evolved, resulting in a sustainable partnership between SCSU and Zanzibari stakeholders. The success of the project was confirmed at an historic ceremonial event, Biology textbooks and learning materials were delivered in January 2008, and Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics textbooks are scheduled to be delivered in September 2008.
openalex: W2062753326 mag: 2062753326
Keywords: openalex:import

Using Palsar imagery for characterizing natural properties of volcanic conduits in the Ethiopian volcanic province - Mège, D. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2008)
openalex: W4292872456
Keywords: openalex:import

USING PALSAR IMAGERY FOR CHARACTERIZING VOLCANIC FISSURES (DYKES) IN THE ETHIOPIAN VOLCANIC PROVINCE - Mège, D. (2008)
Palsar images are used to delineate and identify dykes in the western Ethiopian volcanic province. Dykes are vertical, fractured solidified magma sheets that play a major role in groundwater storage, and might be considered as potential drilling sites for water supply to the local inhabitants. On Palsar imagery, they can be discriminated from other linear patterns by roughness contrasts between the dyke and its debris slopes and between the debris slopes and the surrounding smooth plain. For an appropriate combination of incidence angle and polarization, dyke signal on Palsar imagery is therefore made of 3 parallel bands of distinct roughness, with the debris slopes appearing brighter than both the dyke and the surrounding plain. In comparison, multispectral images are good at identifying vegetated dyke portions, but not at tracing dyke continuity. Moreover, uncertainty frequently remains as to the discrimination between dykes and other lienear patterns. Envisat/Asar (band C) and SIR-C (bands C and L) images are very good at identifying dyke continuity, but not at identifying the 3 diagnostic roughness bands, more because of coarser resolution than for incidence angle, beam wavelength, or polarization issues. The ideal sensor for dyke identification will have a resolution higher than Palsar because still many dykes are too small to be observed by Palsar, a 4-pol mode because the dyke signal is always a trade-off between roughness, vegetation and moisture, and a combination of wavelength (C or L) and incidence angle (20-50°) that is flexible enough to image roughness at a scale of 5 to 100 cm.
openalex: W163384205 mag: 163384205
Keywords: openalex:import

Petrology of Karoo volcanic rocks in the southern Lebombo monocline, Mozambique - Melluso, Leone; Cucciniello, Ciro; Petrone, Chiara Maria; Lustrino, Michele; Morra, Vincenzo; Tiepolo, Massimo; Vasconcelos, Lopo (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2008)
The Karoo volcanic sequence in the southern Lebombo monocline in Mozambique contains different silicic units in the form of pyroclastic rocks, and two different basalt types. The silicic units in the lower part of the Lebombo sequence are formed by a lower unit of dacites and rhyolites (67–80 wt.% SiO2) with high Ba (990–2500 ppm), Zr (800–1100 ppm) and Y (130–240 ppm), which are part of the Jozini–Mbuluzi Formation, followed by a second unit, interlayered with the Movene basalts, of high-SiO2 rhyolites (76–78 wt.%; the Sica Beds Formation), with low Sr (19–54 ppm), Zr (340–480 ppm) and Ba (330–850 ppm) plus rare quartz-trachytes (64–66 wt.% SiO2), with high Nb and Rb contents (240–250 and 370–381 ppm, respectively), and relatively low Zr (450–460 ppm). The mafic rocks found at the top of the sequence are basalts and ferrobasalts belonging to the Movene Formation. The basalts have roughly flat mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns, with abundances of the most incompatible elements not higher than 25 times primitive mantle. The ferrobasalt has TiO2 ∼ 4.7 wt.%, Fe2O3t = 16 wt.%, and high Y (100 ppm), Zr (420 ppm) and Ba (1000 ppm). The Movene basalts have initial (at 180 Ma) 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7052–0.7054 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51232, and the Movene ferrobasalt has even lower 87Sr/86Sr (0.70377) and higher 143Nd/144Nd (0.51259). The silicic rocks show a modest range of initial Sr-(87Sr/86Sr = 0.70470–0.70648) and Nd-(143Nd/144Nd = 0.51223–0.51243) isotope ratios. The less evolved dacites could have been formed after crystal fractionation of oxide-rich gabbroic cumulates from mafic parental magmas, whereas the most silica-rich rhyolites could have been formed after fractional crystallization of feldspars, pyroxenes, oxides, zircon and apatite from a parental dacite magma. The composition of the Movene basalts imply different feeding systems from those of the underlying Sabie River basalts.
openalex: W2060005454 mag: 2060005454
Keywords: openalex:import

An exploration of the psychosocial factors affecting the development and delivery of school-based sex and relationships education in Tanzania - Mkumbo, Kitila A. K. (2008)
Employing a mixed methods research design, in which both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used, the research in this thesis has explored the feasibility for the development and implementation of school-based sex and relationships education (SRE) in Tanzania by (a) assessing the attitudes of parents, teachers and students towards the provision of SRE in schools and (b) analysing national school policy and curriculum frameworks with a view to identifying the status and place of SRE in the national school curriculum. The results show that a majority of parents (more than 70%), teachers (more than 90%) and students (more than 80%) supported the provision of SRE in schools and, despite resistance to a few controversial topics, the inclusion of a wide range of SRE topics in a school-based SRE curriculum. These results suggest that, contrary to popular belief that, particularly among policy makers, parents and other stakeholders are opposed to the provision of SRE in schools, it is not the opposition itself, but the unfounded fear of opposition that has thwarted the provision of school-based SRE in Tanzania. The results of the content analysis of the national school curriculum revealed a limited and somewhat disorganised representation of SRE, with more focus on the biological facts and information about HIV transmission and prevention than other aspects of sexual health, such as attitudes, skills and relationships. It has been argued, however, that putting HIV/AIDS in the national school curriculum provides the possibility of opening the way for a wider provision of SRE in schools in future (Harrison, 2000). In light of the results of this research, the author has recommended several steps to be considered in introducing SRE in schools, as well as future research directions in the field of sexual health, and SRE in particular, in Tanzania.
openalex: W1527966001 mag: 1527966001
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behaviour among school learners in Harare, Zimbabwe - Mlingo, Margaret (2008)
This study describes the HIV/AIDS knowledge of Form 1 secondary school learners in Harare. Structured interviews were conducted with 75 learners from four schools representing a low density, a high density, a rural and a private school. Most learners had obtained their HIVAIDS knowledge from schools and a few did so from their parents. None of the learners had reportedly yet engaged in sexual activities and all had heard about HIV, but not all knew what HIV was, and even fewer could define AIDS. Generally the learners’ HIV/AIDS knowledge levels were high but some misconceptions persisted. Future programmes should emphasise that there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, and that condoms should be used at every sexual encounter. Radio, television and school programmes should emphasise that every person can become infected with HIV/AIDS, if preventive measures are disregarded. KEY TERMS: HIV/AIDS knowledge, HIV/AIDS prevention, secondary school learners, Zimbabwe
openalex: W2268331944 mag: 2268331944
Keywords: openalex:import

Effective schools and learner's achievement in Botswana secondary schools : an education management perspective - Mohiemang, Irene (2008)
openalex: W2101053789 mag: 2101053789
Keywords: openalex:import

The Role of Gender, Self-Efficacy, Age and Extroversion on Smoking Behaviour among Ambrose Alli University Students, Ekpoma, Nigeria - Momoh, S.; Imhonde, Henry O.; Omagbe, E. (Journal of international women's studies, 2008)
Abstract This study examined the role of gender, self-efficacy, age and extroversion on smoking behavior among Ambrose Alli University Students. Two hundred and fifty (250) undergraduates participated in the study (males 160 and females 90). Questionnaire was used in collecting data that were analyzed in this study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections: the demographic variables, extroversion scale, self-efficacy scale and attitude toward smoking scale. Two out of the four hypotheses tested were supported. Results of the independent t-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the onset of smoking between females and males (t = 2.354, df = 248, P = Keywords: gender and smoking, Nigeria, university students Introduction Smoking among adults has been said to decline sharply, while a significant number of adolescents continue to adopt smoking as a habit (Thorndike, Rigotti, Safford & Singer, 1998). Research has identified some factors that may be important for the onset of smoking: Such factors include the followings, curiosity, the use of tobacco by parents, siblings and peer group pressure, personality variables such as extroversion and introversion, risk taking, feelings of anomie, search for meaning and rebellion against parents, search for excitement, animosity, poor relationship with authority figure, family disorganization, boredom, reduction of feelings of personal adequacy, escape from responsibility, moodiness, nervousness, evasiveness, notoriety, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and hyperactivity. Smoking is possible under a wide variety of circumstance or settings. These numerous settings become discriminative for smoking and thus come to serve as learned reinforcers for smoking. Thus an urge is subjectively experienced when these situations are encountered. The enjoyment of oral, manual, and respiratory manipulation involved in the process of lighting, puffing, and handling cigarette reinforce the art of smoking. For most smokers therefore, the combination of nicotine and psychosocial learning produces such dependency that going without a cigarette is highly unpleasant (Fleming, Leventhal, Glynn & Ershler, 1989). Different factors are involved at different stages of smoking and this has implication for intervention. Higher levels of drug use including cigarette smoking has been found to be associated with parental use, family background, single parentage, parental conflict, family disorganization, social class and peer group (Ndom & Adelekan, 1996). Ndom and Adelekan describe the typical smoker as male, young, single, from a polygamous and a low socioeconomic background. In their phase 1 survey, Ndom and Adelekan (1996) identified the following as common correlates to the three substances investigated (alcohol, cigarettes and cannabis); Peer influence, self-reported poor mental health, religiosity, parental/guardian supervision, perceived availability and perceived harmfulness. In addition, drinking and smoking were reported to be more common among males and among respondents who reported study difficulties. The findings of Adelekan and Ndom supported already existing literature. Mangan and Golding (1983) found that about 32 percent of smokers have mothers who smoke as against 23 percent of non-smoking mothers. They also found that a high percentage of smokers were found to have fathers who smoke and senior siblings and friends that smoke. These factors have implications for assessment and treatment. …
openalex: W1582620283 mag: 1582620283
Keywords: openalex:import