Perceptions of Primary School Teachers in Masvingo District in Zimbabwe on the Meaning and Enhancement of Effective Classroom Teaching. - Moyo, Partson Virira; Magudu, Sinodia (2008)
This study sought to investigate the perceptions of primary school teachers on the meaning of effective classroom teaching and how to enhance it. A descriptive survey research design was used. Eighty three (83) primary school teachers (40 male and 43 female) from ten (10) randomly selected schools in and around Masvingo urban participated in the study. A questionnaire for the school teachers which sought to determine the indicators of effective classroom teaching and an observation schedule which sought the prevalence of these indicators in primary school lessons were used as research instruments. The teachers were also asked to through the questionnaire to suggest how effective teaching would be enhanced. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to present, analyze and discuss collected data. The major findings of the study were that while the teachers seem to know what constitutes effective classroom teaching, there is little evidence of this kind of teaching in practice. It seems that the teachers need meaningful material and professional support if they are to be effective classroom practitioners.
openalex: W1846988476 mag: 1846988476
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Immorality and school dropout at Kabati area in Murang'a South District, Kenya - Mugo, Emily; Wanjiku (2008)
Research report submitted to the Institute Of Open And Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelors Degree of Education (ECPE) of Kampala International University
openalex: W3034638340 mag: 3034638340
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The impact of free primary education on academic performance of primary pupil’s in Nyeri District, Kenya - Musembi, Angeline Kiloko (2008)
Research Report submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree in bachelor of education in early child hood and primary education Kampala International University
openalex: W2998066148 mag: 2998066148
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The Role of Ethnic Student Organizations in Fostering African American and Asian American Students' Cultural Adjustment and Membership at Predominantly White Institutions - Museus, Samuel D. (Journal of College Student Development, 2008)
Over half of all racial/ethnic minority students matriculating at 4-year colleges fail to graduate within 6 years. One explanation for those low graduation rates is minority students' inability to find membership in the cultures and subcultures of their respective campuses. This study was focused on understanding the role of ethnic student organizations in fostering minority students' adjustment to and membership in the cultures of a predominantly White institution. Data analyzed from individual interviews conducted with 12 African American and 12 Asian American students indicate that ethnic student organizations constituted critical venues of cultural familiarity, vehicles for cultural expression and advocacy, and sources of cultural validation for participants. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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A Survey of Factors that influence human resource outsourcing decisions by government technical training institutions in Nairobi, Kenya. - N, Kanyi Rachel (2008)
openalex: W2569004954 mag: 2569004954
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Coverage of education issues in Kenya's print media: a case of two Kenyan dailies. - Ndung'u, Virginia W (2008)
The provision of quality education and training to all Kenyans is fundamental to the success of the government's overall strategy. In a road map to development status, the government in its Vision 2030, cited education as vehicle to this attainment. In view of this, the government introduced free primary education in 2003 and is in the process of implementing free secondary education. The government's commitment to the sector is largely seen in the huge funding allocated to the education sector. This study is of the view that the media plays a big part in the promotion of education in this country. It therefore analyzes coverage of education sector issues by the print media. Education issues here include early childhood development (ECD) primary, secondary, and university sub sectors. The study has also analyzed the coverage given to the ministry's semi-autonomous government agencies (SAGAs) in relation to education. They were coded in one category with Ministry of Education's administrative issues. Cross cutting issues in relation to education such as HIV/AIDs, ICT, gender, were put in another category. The study answers such questions as: What aspects of education issues receive coverage in Kenya's print media? For those that receive coverage, what type of coverage is it? News coverage or well investigated coverage that can educate readers? What level of importance is given to education issues? The study analyzed the content of two mainstream daily newspapers, Nation and the Standard over a period of three months. The findings show that the secondary schools sub-sector attracted most media coverage compared to other education issues. News was the main product in the coverage, giving this study reason to conclude that journalists do not conduct exhaustive investigation in their coverage. Finally, not much importance is given education issues since they hardly get splash treatment or headlines. In the period under the study, the media only gives education issues splash headlines during release of a national examination, probably to make quick sales from parents and the public eager to know the results.
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Challenges of universal primary education in Kenya: a case study of selected primary schools in west lands Division, Nairobi Town, Kenya. - Nyamatu, Esther (2008)
A research report submitted to the Institute Of Open and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of Degree of Bachelor of Education with Early Childhood in Primary Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3034970189 mag: 3034970189
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Resources, Teachers Quality, and Academic Performance in Physics, Mosocho Djvision Kisii District, Kenya. - Nyamboke, Eric Maisiba (2008)
A Research Project Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the Award of a Bachelors Degree of Science in Education of Kampala International University.
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Biological and chemical evaluation of sewage water pollution in the Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area, South Africa - Oberholster, Paul Johan; Botha, Anna‐Maria; Cloete, T.E. (Environmental Pollution, 2008)
Macroinvertebrate communities in Rietvlei nature reserve wetland area and their relationship with water quality were studied with the aim to evaluate their use as potential indicators of pollution. Sampling locations were selected to include outlets from sewage effluent, agricultural and informal residential runoff. A large increase in nutrient concentrations was observed downstream from discharged treated sewage with an associated decrease in species richness. Bioassays performed included: Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuate, Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa and Pyxicephalus adspersus. The highest percentage of lethality response to a screen (100% concentration) of sampled wetland water by test specimens were observed at the point source input of the Hartbeespoort treated sewage plant. Data generated from the AUSRIVAS method and multitrophic level bioassays revealed the deterioration of the wetland possibly due to factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, agriculture runoff and rapid human settlement in the Hennops River catchment area and its principal tributaries.
openalex: W1975037797 mag: 1975037797
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School administration and academic performance of students in selected schools In Trans-Nzoia District Kenya - Obiri, Anne V. (2008)
A research report presented to the institute of open and distance studies in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Education (guidance and Counseling) of Kampala International University
openalex: W2998130400 mag: 2998130400
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Sub-Saharan African Universities' Adult and Continuing Education and the Challenge of Relevance in the Knowledge-Based Economy of the Twenty-First Century - Oduaran, Akpovire (Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2008)
Beyond the dogged expectations that Sub-Saharan African universities' adult and continuing education needs to play a more visible key role in dealing with the challenges of HIV and AIDS, environmental pollution and excruciating poverty, the twenty-first century has brought in at its heels debates surrounding relevance in the era of an upsurge in the cultivation of the knowledge-based economies. As other professional areas of development are seemingly becoming more attractive to the main target populations for the study of and specialisations in adult and continuing education, the time is appropriate for us to explore how we may streamline our provision and make them more responsive to the challenges of our time, thereby moving out of the traditional existence on the periphery. This paper explores how Sub-Saharan universities' adult and continuing education departments could revamp their programmes such that they can adequately assist the region in creating learning societies required for entry into the knowledge-based economies of the twenty-first century.
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Assessment of reading materials and objectives' achievement of national teachers institute's Nigeria certificate in education programme in Ogun State - Oguntiemehun, Yekinni Abiodun (Journal of Educational Management, 2008)
This study assessed the adequacy or otherwise of the reading materials (modules) and objectives achievement of the National Teachers' Institute's Nigeria Certificate in Education programme in Ogun State. To obtain an in-depth assessment, subject specialists (experts) were randomly drawn from the three tertiary institutions that train teachers, namelv Olabisi Onabanjo University; Ago-Iwove, Tai Solarin Unil'ersity of Education, Ijagun Ijebu-Ode, and Federal College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta. In all, sixty-three (63) subject specialists were sampled for the modules' assessment. The records on graduating students of National Teachers' Institute were collected from the State Headquarters, Abeokuta to assess the objectives achievement. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the objectives are being achieved; the modules are adequate in terms of content, presentation, self-evaluation, dynamism and editing, but not adequate in printing and availability. It is therefore recommended that the NTI(NCE) programme should not be scrapped; quality printing materials for the modules should be used and be readily available.
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Implications of Missionary Education for Women in Nigeria: A Historical Analysis - Okonkwo, Uche Uwaezuoke; Ezeh, Mary-Noelle Ethel (Journal of international women's studies, 2008)
Abstract Education is a key factor in human development and social transformation. The problematic of women development in Nigeria traces its roots in the type of education dispensed by missionary agencies and the British colonial administration. Christian Missionaries were the first to initiate the development of western education in Nigeria. Government participation first took the form of giving limited financial assistance to voluntary agencies and gradually developed into the recognition of education as the responsibility of the Government. The present study is a historical analysis of the evolution of the development of education in Nigeria in relation to the contemporary women question it seeks to establish the place of girls' education in the missionary and government overall plan for the education of Nigerian youth. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the significant economic, social and political implications of the government controlled education for women in Nigeria. If women still lag behind in these three key areas of human development, the history of education has had its own contributions to make. The primary source of the study is based on archival data in form of annual and periodic reports, programme of education for boys and girls, statistical information and relevant government publications. Keywords: Missionary, education, Nigerian women Introduction The first part of this study presents the historical development of western education in Nigeria through the initiative of the Christian missions, who were later joined by the British colonial administration. The work takes a critical look at the curriculum of studies proposed for boys and girls at the primary and secondary school levels and examines its implication for women development. It further studies the place of female instruction in the education reform of F.D. Lugard. It analyses critically the statistical representation of girls in the education report of 1928 and explores its implications for women development. The paper concludes by relating the contemporary weak economic, social and political situation of women in Nigeria to the overall low position of female instruction in the history of the development of education in Nigeria. The early development of missionary and colonial education in Nigeria The development of education in Nigeria preceded the political unity of the nation. It was in 1842 that Rev. Thomas Freeman and the couple De Graft of the Wesleyan Methodist first arrived in Nigeria to establish a mission and a school. In 1878, the mission established its first boys' school at Lagos and a girls' school in the same town in 1895. The Church Missionary Society opened its first school at Abeokuta in 1846 and had four schools at Badagry, Lagos, Abeokuta and Ibaddan by the end of 1949. In 1859, the mission started a grammar school at Lagos and opened its first Girl's school in Eastern Nigeria at Ogbunike in Onitsha district in 1895. In 1872, four French Catholic Sisters organized education for girls at Lagos, while the S.M.A. Priests established St. Gregory's Grammar school in the same town in 1876. The Holy Ghost Fathers began the first Catholic school at Onitsha on the East of the Niger in 1886. The Catholic mission also opened two convent schools at Abeokuta and Onitsha in 1886 and 1892 respectively. The United Free Church founded the famous Hope Waddell Training Institute at Calabar in 1895. The different Christian missions used school as an organ of religious instruction, character formation, skill acquisition and initiation into the three basic elements of reading, writing and arithmetic. The first government financial contribution to education in Nigeria was recorded in 1877 when the Lagos administration made a grant of 200 [pounds sterling] to each of the three missionary societies working in the Colony and renewed it annually until 1882 (Lewis 1956:27). …
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Factors Associated with Differential School Performance in the Gucha District of Kenya - Onderi, Henry; Croll, Paul (Research in Education, 2008)
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Peak expiratory flow rate variability in apparently healthy school children aged 10-15 years in Oredo, Nigeria. - Osarogiagbon, Wilson O.; Ibadin, Michael O.; Oviawe, O (Saudi Medical Journal, 2008)
OBJECTIVES To study the peak expiratory flow rate variability (PEFRVar) in apparently healthy school children in Oredo, Nigeria. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study of 438 subjects (10-15 years), attending the public junior secondary schools, between March and November 2005. The study took place in the Oredo Local Government Area. The age and anthropometry were taken and PEFRVar was determined using values obtained at 6 AM, 2 PM, and 10 PM over a 14-day period, using a mini-Wright peak expiratory flow meter. RESULTS Peak expiratory flow rate variability (mean+/-SD) was 4.5+/-1.3% for all subjects (4.4+/-1.0% for males, and 4.6+/-1.6% for females). Females had higher PEFRVar. The upper limits of 95% CI were 7.1% for all subjects (6.4% for males, and 7.8% for females). The PEFRVar showed an inverse relationship with height, age, and weight. Regression equations for PEFR and PEFRVar were derived for age, height, and weight. CONCLUSIONS Based on upper limit of 95% CI for all subjects, a PEFRVar cut-off of 7.1% is recommended for diagnosis of significant airway obstruction as in asthma in the age bracket under review in Oredo and perhaps other areas, sharing similar geo-physical and social characteristics.
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Effective livelihood adaptation to climate change disturbance: Scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique - Osbahr, Henny; Twyman, Chasca; Adger, W. Neil; Thomas, David S.G. (Geoforum, 2008)
Natural resource-dependent societies in developing countries are facing increased pressures linked to global climate change. While social-ecological systems evolve to accommodate variability, there is growing evidence that changes in drought, storm and flood extremes are increasing exposure of currently vulnerable populations. In many countries in Africa, these pressures are compounded by disruption to institutions and variability in livelihoods and income. The interactions of both rapid and slow onset livelihood disturbance contribute to enduring poverty and slow processes of rural livelihood renewal across a complex landscape. We explore cross-scale dynamics in coping and adaptation response, drawing on qualitative data from a case study in Mozambique. The research characterises the engagements across multiple institutional scales and the types of agents involved, providing insight into emergent conditions for adaptation to climate change in rural economies. The analysis explores local responses to climate shocks, food security and poverty reduction, through informal institutions, forms of livelihood diversification and collective land-use systems that allow reciprocity, flexibility and the ability to buffer shocks. However, the analysis shows that agricultural initiatives have helped to facilitate effective livelihood renewal, through the reorganisation of social institutions and opportunities for communication, innovation and micro-credit. Although there are challenges to mainstreaming adaptation at different scales, this research shows why it is critical to assess how policies can protect conditions for emergence of livelihood transformation.
openalex: W2159907148 mag: 2159907148
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Effective livelihood adaptation to climate change disturbance: Scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique - Osbahr, Henny; Twyman, Chasca; Adger, W. Neil; Thomas, David S.G. (Geoforum, 2008)
Natural resource-dependent societies in developing countries are facing increased pressures linked to global climate change. While social-ecological systems evolve to accommodate variability, there is growing evidence that changes in drought, storm and flood extremes are increasing exposure of currently vulnerable populations. In many countries in Africa, these pressures are compounded by disruption to institutions and variability in livelihoods and income. The interactions of both rapid and slow onset livelihood disturbance contribute to enduring poverty and slow processes of rural livelihood renewal across a complex landscape. We explore cross-scale dynamics in coping and adaptation response, drawing on qualitative data from a case study in Mozambique. The research characterises the engagements across multiple institutional scales and the types of agents involved, providing insight into emergent conditions for adaptation to climate change in rural economies. The analysis explores local responses to climate shocks, food security and poverty reduction, through informal institutions, forms of livelihood diversification and collective land-use systems that allow reciprocity, flexibility and the ability to buffer shocks. However, the analysis shows that agricultural initiatives have helped to facilitate effective livelihood renewal, through the reorganisation of social institutions and opportunities for communication, innovation and micro-credit. Although there are challenges to mainstreaming adaptation at different scales, this research shows why it is critical to assess how policies can protect conditions for emergence of livelihood transformation.
openalex: W2159907148 mag: 2159907148
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Distance education, universities and Ghana in context - Ossei-Anto, Theophilus Aquinas (Journal of Educational Management, 2008)
Today's world thrives on knowledge-based economy, which in turn is catalyzed in all spheres by Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), We are, therefore, better placed now to keep abreast with the emerging trends in Education. As educators, we can use the cutting egdes of ICTs to reach out effectively and efficiently to the many aspiring learners in the field any time and at any place, even. teachers and students are separated by time and space. This is the trust of Open, Distance and Flexible Education (ODFE). This article seeks to dwell on the basics of ODFE as practised by some selected institutions (universities) worldwide and zooms in to examine how Distance Education (DE) is currently perceived and operated in Ghana.
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Participation of orphans in the free primary education in Kenya - Otsyeno, Benta G (2008)
openalex: W2270799772 mag: 2270799772
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Livelihoods, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Morogoro, Tanzania - Paavola, Jouni (Environmental Science & Policy, 2008)
This article examines farmers’ livelihood responses and vulnerability to climate variability and other stressors in Morogoro, Tanzania, to understand their implications for adaptation to climate change by agricultural households in developing world more generally. In Morogoro, agricultural households have extended cultivation, intensified agriculture, diversified livelihoods and migrated to gain access to land, markets and employment as a response to climatic and other stressors. Some of these responses have depleted and degraded natural resources such as forest, soil and water resources, which will complicate their living with climate change in the future. This will be particularly problematic to vulnerable groups such as women, children and pastoralists who have limited access to employment, markets and public services. In this light, fair adaptation to climate change by agricultural households in Morogoro and elsewhere in developing countries requires several complementary responses. Adaptation efforts should involve effective governance of natural resources because they function as safety nets to vulnerable groups. In addition, strengthening of national markets by infrastructure investments and institutional reforms is needed to give incentives to intensification and diversification in agriculture. Market participation also demands enhancement of human capital by public programs on health, education and wellbeing.
openalex: W2030102487 mag: 2030102487
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Livelihoods, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Morogoro, Tanzania - Paavola, Jouni (Environmental Science & Policy, 2008)
This article examines farmers’ livelihood responses and vulnerability to climate variability and other stressors in Morogoro, Tanzania, to understand their implications for adaptation to climate change by agricultural households in developing world more generally. In Morogoro, agricultural households have extended cultivation, intensified agriculture, diversified livelihoods and migrated to gain access to land, markets and employment as a response to climatic and other stressors. Some of these responses have depleted and degraded natural resources such as forest, soil and water resources, which will complicate their living with climate change in the future. This will be particularly problematic to vulnerable groups such as women, children and pastoralists who have limited access to employment, markets and public services. In this light, fair adaptation to climate change by agricultural households in Morogoro and elsewhere in developing countries requires several complementary responses. Adaptation efforts should involve effective governance of natural resources because they function as safety nets to vulnerable groups. In addition, strengthening of national markets by infrastructure investments and institutional reforms is needed to give incentives to intensification and diversification in agriculture. Market participation also demands enhancement of human capital by public programs on health, education and wellbeing.
openalex: W2030102487 mag: 2030102487
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The effect of discipline on students after the ban of corporal punishment in Kenyan schools : a case study of Nyeri Municipality - Patrick, Maina Irungu (2008)
A research project submitted to the institute of open and distance learning faculty of education in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of bachelor of education with science Kampala International University
openalex: W2997483381 mag: 2997483381
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Adolescent methamphetamine use and sexual risk behaviour in secondary school students in Cape Town, South Africa - Plüddemann, Andreas; Flisher, Alan J.; Mathews, Catherine; Carney, Tara; Lombard, Carl (Drug and Alcohol Review, 2008)
Abstract This study investigated involvement in substance use and sexual activities among adolescents in Cape Town, and specifically the associations between methampethamine use and sexual risk behaviours. Data were collected from 15 randomly selected and 15 matched schools in Cape Town via quantitative questionnaires. Students used hand‐held computers (PDAs) to answer the questions. A total of 4605 grade 9 students were sampled. Male and female students were almost equally likely to have used methamphetamine at least once (13% versus 12%). Students who had used methamphetamine in the past 30 days were significantly more likely to have had vaginal, anal or oral sex than students who had never used it, to have been pregnant/been responsible for a pregnancy and to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Logistic regression analysis indicated significant associations between methamphetamine use in the past 12 months and engaging in vaginal and anal sex. Drug abuse and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention services should incorporate the link between drugs and STI into their prevention and education strategies, especially those aimed at school‐going adolescents.
openalex: W2101275737 mag: 2101275737
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Playing School in Mauritius - Rajkomar, Sraddha Shivani; Gupta, Anthea Fraser (International Journal of Multilingualism, 2008)
Abstract The development in Mauritius's three major languages is essentially sequential for most of the population: Creole, French, English. In schools, English is used alongside French (and some Creole) in Primary Standards 1 (ages five–six) to 3 (ages seven–eight). English is officially the sole medium of instruction from Primary Standard 4 (ages eight–nine), though this is not the case in practice. Two Mauritian cousins (aged six and eight years) in the initial stages of the development of English were filmed playing school. The children are native speakers of Creole and (to a varying extent) French, have some exposure to Bhojpuri (used among older family members), and have attended French-medium nursery schools. Although older family members speak English, it is little used in the home domain, and the children's major exposure to English is in the classroom. The children were told that the rule of the game was that they would use only English while playing schools. However, they sometimes broke the rule. Codeswitching in the enacted English lessons is compared to that of actual teachers and pupils who were observed in classrooms. Both children show realistic knowledge of how different languages have different domains and functions in the classroom. Keywords: Mauritiuschild multilingualismbilingual educationEnglishFrenchCreole Acknowledgements We would like to thank the children and their parents for permission to do this research. We would like to thank the Ministry of Education of the Government of Mauritius for granting permission to observe classes; Mr Sungkur, for guidance through the official procedures of obtaining permission and allowing access to his school; and, of course, the two teachers who helped: Mrs. Ramchurn and Mrs. Appadu. Notes 1. ‘There exist lexical constraints as soon as we move to the essential part of the lesson, that is, the terms which pose most problems’ (our translation). 2. The letter names in Creole are the same as in French.
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The transformation of Black school education in South Africa, 1950-1994: a historical perspective - Rakometsi, Mafu Solomon (2008)
openalex: W2516924877 mag: 2516924877
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Private Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and national development: The South African reality - Salim, M. S. A. M.; Akoojee, Ahmed (International Journal of Educational Development, 2008)
This thesis examines the extent to which the private Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Sector in South Africa is responsive to national development. National development is understood as associated with a range of socioeconomic imperatives which include challenges of poverty, unemployment, inequality, the ravages of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and its associated impacts. In addition to these, the educational component of national development is to ensure access, redress and equity, which are necessary to undo the impacts of an apartheid-related skills regime. Skills development is considered a crucial means to respond to these challenges. Without skills for formal and informal labour markets, as well as productive self-employment, South Africa’s capacity to respond to the new globalised era is likely to be considerably stunted and will negatively affect its developmental trajectory. The methodology used in this study included a mix of quantitative and qualitative strategies to obtain the size, shape and nature of provision. The quantitative component, undertaken in the course of 2002, was supplemented by randomly chosen qualitative case studies. Together, they provided the basis for unravelling a sector distinct in nature, form and content. Developing a comprehensive typology provides important insight into responsiveness of a sector characterised by wide-ranging provision forms. The typology of provider type based on profitability and form, i.e. ‘for-profit’, ‘non-profit’ and ‘in-house’ providers, was replaced with a multi-dimensional model. Learner type, as a primary typological category, includes the ‘pre-employed’, ‘unemployed’, the employed ‘selffunded employee’ and the ‘corporate client’. Provider types responding to these learner types are distinguished on the basis of location, delivery patterns and programming. The various provider forms include ‘multi-providers’, ‘specialist providers’, ‘consultants’, ‘in-house’ and ‘non-profit’ providers. Provider purposes include those responding to employment, either formal labour market or selfemployment, and self-development, including leisure-related skilling and lifelong learning. Learner types and training purpose determine the manner, form and characteristics of provision. This understanding of a widely divergent and heterogeneous sector provides the context for assessing its contribution to national development in South Africa. The notions of responsiveness and receptiveness are used as conceptual devices to assess the role of the sector. Responsiveness describes specific labour market purpose, while receptiveness refers to the social development and educational imperatives of access, redress and equity. The sheer size of the sector suggests an important demand-led element of provision and represents an important measure of receptiveness to national development prerogatives. The conservative estimate of 706 884 learners, located at 4178 sites for 864 providers that pre-registered with the Department of Education in 2001, provide the basis for serious consideration of the sector. The sector adequately responds to the immediate short-term needs of employers. Programmes offered for corporate providers respond more deliberately to their immediate short-term skill requirements and which has made it possible for them to outsource a considerable proportion of their training. In addition, there is no other education and training form flexible enough to provide for the training needs of employees, and sometimes the customers of corporate concerns, as in product upgrading and support, at times and locations suitable to their requirements. Private providers did not necessarily have more linkages with the formal labour market than do public providers and are not necessarily able to secure more effectively employment opportunities for their preand unemployed learners With respect to receptiveness, the sector comprises learner patterns consistent with national demographics. The sector is associated with an older, employed learner type, typically enrolled in shorter-term courses. This demonstrates the sector’s accessibility. In comparison with their public counterparts, costs were not prohibitive and programme structure allowed adequate flexibility to enable learners to weave in and out of the system. Variable admission requirements also allowed learners to slot into appropriate levels. The absence of data makes comparative judgements of throughput, and quality, with public institutions difficult to make. The current need to regulate all providers equally may not be the most efficient way of dealing with the sector. In light of the national development prerogative to protect those most vulnerable from the risk of market failure, there is need to grant support to those providers most responsive to this group in this instance, those ‘full time’ providers responding to the preand unemployed learner set. The market adequately regulates providers responding to the employed and corporate client groups.
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PP-057 Peer Education: The panacea to HIV/AIDS infection among youths; my experience as a peer educator in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Seyi, A. Taiye (International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008)
openalex: W1988271621 mag: 1988271621
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Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among class 4 to 9 students in Somaliland. - Shaikh, Masood Ali; Hunt, Barry P.; Hall, Michael E. (Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 2008)
openalex: W2412967832 mag: 2412967832
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“If only it would rain”: Farmers’ perceptions of rainfall and drought in semi-arid central Tanzania - Slegers, M.F.W. (Journal of Arid Environments, 2008)
Farmers in semi-arid East Africa prioritize drought as their major productivity-reducing problem, while scientists identify soil degradation as a major threat. The question that needs to be addressed is how farmers perceive drought. Insight into farmers’ perceptions of drought could be the missing link towards increased and sustainable production. During the period from 2004 to 2006, a study was conducted in Goima Ward, Tanzania. The study included questionnaires with mainly open-ended questions (N=120), in-depth interviews, group discussions, field visits, picture assignment and 1-day seminar with farmers, extension workers, government officials, and scientists. Farmers saw drought in a broader perspective than that of deficient rainfall. Drought indicators were area-specific. Farmers recognized differences in drought vulnerability between soil types, location and state of land, land management practices and farmer types. Farmers perceived an increased drought risk. Farmers’ perceptions can be related to the scientific concept of agricultural drought. Since the amount of rainfall cannot be influenced, the efficiency of the rains can be a focal point for addressing farmers’ concerns about drought. Any viable strategy to reduce farmers’ vulnerability to drought and to improve productivity should be integrated into farmers’ existing strategies to adapt to and cope with ecological insecurity.
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Training Regulators in Africa - Sutherland, Ewan (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
The need for training amongst African policy makers, parliamentarians, regulators and judges is clear and accepted. However, it is less clear that the systems are in place to identify the true scale of demand and to ensure that those participating in training are not subsequently lost to industry or to the brain drain to developed countries. The challenge is to find mechanisms that are appropriate, cost-effective, scalable and anchored in Africa.The use of consultants as trainers is neither cost-effective nor scalable and not anchored in Africa. Much of the commercial training available today is located outside Africa and unrelated to African markets or to the policies and practices developed within the continent. Some of it may even be counter-productive. Moreover, it is often part of a business model involving the subsequent sale of consultancy services.While there are many academics in Europe, North America and East Asia who might teach short or long courses, they have little or no experience of Africa. Their models, case studies and examples are unrelated to and untested on the continent. Within Africa, academic research in telecommunications policy and regulation is extremely limited and could take years to develop the research necessary to underpin teaching capacity at the high level of professionalism required.Training needs cannot be met at a continental level. Travel is too expensive and too difficult. National circumstances vary greatly, requiring different courses addressing different issues and in different languages. Moreover, there are few examples of pan-African networks that might be used or copied.It is better to embed training within the regional associations of regulators, though even these cover large areas and countries with very different policy and regulatory histories. The associations can identify needs, publicize events and review their success. For the most part technology training appears now to be sustainable at the continental level. However, individuals in many countries with smaller or less well developed markets may have to travel elsewhere in Africa for training.The pieces that might be put in place to build capacity begin with the teaching materials (e.g., case studies). These would document the experiences, good as well as bad, of the last decade of African policy reforms and regulation. A significant number of influential ministers and regulators have now retired so that they and their experiences can be used in training the next generation.With that it would be possible to look to commercial trainers and university teachers to deliver courses at different levels and of different durations. For example, it would be possible to embed policy and regulatory modules into existing degree courses at bachelor’s and master’s levels. It would also be possible to deliver short courses for continuing professional development for officials in ministries and regulatory authorities. A very small number of existing teaching programmes within Africa could be replicated at other locations. This would be neither simple, nor fast, for lack of good 'host' institutions.The creation of a small number of infoDev professors of telecommunications policy at universities could greatly enhance capacity for teaching, training and research. There is also a requirement for a mechanism to provide regular briefings and discussions amongst leaders concerning new challenges. Examples from Africa and, more often elsewhere, are often presented as 'global best practice.' Leaders need to understand these issues and the factors affecting the appropriateness and applicability for their national markets.
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The need for integration of drought monitoring tools for proactive food security management in sub‐Saharan Africa - Tadesse, Tsegaye; Haile, Menghestab; Senay, Gabriel B.; Wardlow, Brian D.; Knutson, Cody L. (Natural Resources Forum, 2008)
Abstract Reducing the impact of drought and famine remains a challenge in sub‐Saharan Africa despite ongoing drought relief assistance in recent decades. This is because drought and famine are primarily addressed through a crisis management approach when a disaster occurs, rather than stressing preparedness and risk management. Moreover, drought planning and food security efforts have been hampered by a lack of integrated drought monitoring tools, inadequate early warning systems (EWS), and insufficient information flow within and between levels of government in many sub‐Saharan countries. The integration of existing drought monitoring tools for sub‐Saharan Africa is essential for improving food security systems to reduce the impacts of drought and famine on society in this region. A proactive approach emphasizing integration requires the collective use of multiple tools, which can be used to detect trends in food availability and provide early indicators at local, national, and regional scales on the likely occurrence of food crises. In addition, improving the ability to monitor and disseminate critical drought‐related information using available modern technologies (e.g., satellites, computers, and modern communication techniques) may help trigger timely and appropriate preventive responses and, ultimately, contribute to food security and sustainable development in sub‐Saharan Africa.
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Analysis of potential coastal zone climate change impacts and possible response options in the southern African region - Theron, A.K.; Rossouw, M (2008)
openalex: W21779463 mag: 21779463
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Assessing Potential Impact of a Farmer Field School Training on Perennial Crop in Cameroon - Wandji, Njankoua; Binam, Nyemeck; David, Sonii; Mva, J. Mva; Gockowski, J. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
This study is an attempt of the combination of multiple data sources referring to the same time period and to the same farmer population, it aims at assessing the potential impact of a cocoa Farmer Field School Training on Integrated Pest Management in Cameroon. Using a combination of a latitudinal and a longitudinal comparison, the results indicate that FFS-trained farmers have significantly more knowledge about crop husbandry practices than those in the non-participant comparison group. A 32% production increase and 45% income increase relative to the non-participants was estimated in the latitudinal analysis. The longitudinal comparison is showing significant adoption rates of 94, 93, 90, 66 and 35 % respectively for shade management, phytosanitary harvest, pruning, improved spraying practices and grafting of improved materials. There was a 47 % reduction in the frequency of spraying fungicides and a 17 % reduction in the number of sprayers applied per treatment following the implementation of the training. Labour inputs increased significantly for pruning, phytosanitary harvest, and shade management but decreased for spraying. A partial budget analysis reveals that the IPM practices lowered overall costs of production by 11 % relative to previous practices. The two different analytical tools (longitudinal and latitudinal) are convergent in their results, showing more evidence about the higher potential impact of the farmer field school training on the restructuring process of the cocoa sector in Cameroon
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Challenges Faced By Pre-school Teachers in Teaching Learners with Reading Difficulties in Mukuru Kwa Reuben Slum in Nairobi, Kenya - Wanjiku, Kamau Esther (2008)
A Research Project Submitted to the institute of Open and Distance learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Education In Early Childhood and Primary Education Of Kampala International University
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Reaching teachers? Curriculum challenges for distance teacher education in South Africa - Welch, Tessa (Africa Education Review, 2008)
Abstract The argument of this paper is that the use of distance education methods is essential for the provision of all teacher education in South Africa – not just an option for a few programmes in one or two institutions. For this reason, the challenges of distance teacher education are the major challenges for achieving the goal set out in the National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development: ‘more teachers, better teachers’. Challenges include increasing the flexibility and location of current teacher education programmes in order to attract and support a more diverse teacher target audience, designing courses to nurture dialogue and integrate learner support, and moving beyond surface change in response to criticism. Finally, although external quality assurance processes are critical in creating a shared understanding of quality standards and the need for change, quality assessment needs to be followed up with support.
openalex: W2145820427 mag: 2145820427
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Training of trainers on mental health and psychosocial support in emergencies, Africa - Wheaton, Wendy; Alumai, Francis; Onyango, Grace (Intervention, 2008)
This ¢eld report summarizes the general psychosocial training topics, describes two critical sessions and presents outcomes from a training of trainers conducted in Africa, with twenty-¢ve psychosocial ¢eld practitioners from ¢fteen non-governmental organizations, on the Inter-Agency Standing Committee’s Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. The training goals were to support a core group of resource persons for Africa on emergency psychosocial work, and oier a forum for explicit learning about and application of the recently published MHPSS guidelines in ¢eld work. Also included are highlights from the education and stai care sessions provided by the actual training facilitators. Finally, outcomes and feedback from participant evaluations are brie£y presented.
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The impacts of climate change on food security and health in Southern Africa - Wlokas, Holle Linnea (Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, 2008)
Climate change will have a great impact on Southern Africa according to the IPCC. Two closely related topics, food security and health will be affected by the changes in many ways. Difficulties in transporting food through carbon regulations in air-freight, changing conditions for growing food crops and negative impacts on fishery might occur and will very possible lead to an increase in malnutrition in the region. Changes of the climate will also have an effect on the way illnesses are transmitted and cause a number of extreme weather events which can have an extremely damaging consequence on human living. Two main efforts are being work on in terms of dealing with these concerns. At the inter-national, regional and national levels, adaptation and mitigation action is being planned and imple-mented. Activities at each level are discussed and I argue this in this paper that currently the most effi-cient way of dealing with the existing and future burdens of climate change impacts are activities at a national level, and enhanced effort has to be made to improve regional and international collaboration in addressing these issues.
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Exploring school effects across southern and eastern African school systems and in Tanzania - Yu, Guoxing; Thomas, Sally M (Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2008)
The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) II data are analysed, using multilevel modelling techniques, to explore the key issues underlying the development of school effectiveness models. Differences between schools in Grade 6 pupils’ reading and mathematics achievements are examined and the percentage of variance in pupil outcomes attributable to school and country levels is estimated before and after adjusting for various factors. A wide range of explanatory factors has been investigated, such as pupil gender, age, socio‐economic status, homework, absence, grade repetition, school location, resources, leadership and community involvement. Only a minority of these factors was found to be statistically significantly related to pupil achievements. Tanzanian educational stakeholder views on the implications of the SACMEQ II analysis findings are also reported. In conclusion the findings suggest that a contextualised approach incorporating stakeholders’ views is needed to build understanding of school effectiveness in low‐income countries.
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Social phobia in Nigerian university students: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity - Bella, Tolulope; Omigbodun, Olayinka (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2008)
openalex: W2006137891 mag: 2006137891
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Environmental lead pollution and contamination in food around Lake Victoria, Kisumu, Kenya - Makokha, Anselimo; Mghweno, Leonard R.; Magoha, Happy Steven; Nakajugo, Amina; Wekesa, John M. (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2008)
Exposure to lead (Pb) through food, water, or contaminated air has adverse health impacts that are particularly severe in children. Many countries have outlawed the use of leaded petrol, and enacted policies and regulations limiting lead pollution, and lead levels in foods. However, African countries, including Kenya, have generally been slow in adopting policies and regulatory structures concerning lead pollution. The main objective of this study was to determine lead contamination levels in the environment around Kisumu (Kenya). Lead content in samples of tap water and other surface water ranged from 140 to 260, and 140 to 690 (μg/g), respectively. All the tap water samples had lead content above10 μg/g, the maximum WHO limit for lead in drinking water. The lead content in vegetables and fish ranged between 0.0 to 2.9 and 1.0 to 3.3 (μg/g), respectively. All the fish samples had lead levels above the WHO maximum limit of 0.2 (μg/g). Lead content in soil samples ranged from 0.2 to 3.9 (μg/g). These results indicate that there is considerable risk of lead poisoning from drinking water and eating some foods from these sites. Key words : Lead, pollution, environment, food safety.
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Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources Availability and Agricultural Water Demand in the West Bank - Mizyed, Numan (Water Resources Management, 2008)
openalex: W2096415671 mag: 2096415671
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A novel mutation in the Espin gene causes autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss but no apparent vestibular dysfunction in a Moroccan family - Boulouiz, Redouane; Li, Yun; Soualhine, Hafid; Abidi, Omar; Chafik, Abdelaziz; Nürnberg, Gudrun; Becker, Christian; Nürnberg, Peter; Kubisch, Christian; Wollnik, Bernd; Barakat, Abdelhamid (American Journal of Medical Genetics - Part A, 2008)
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part AVolume 146A, Issue 23 p. 3086-3089 Research Letter A novel mutation in the Espin gene causes autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss but no apparent vestibular dysfunction in a Moroccan family† Redouane Boulouiz, Corresponding Author Redouane Boulouiz [email protected] Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoDepartment of Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Abou Kacem Ez-Zahraoui, B.P. 120, Casablanca, Morocco.Search for more papers by this authorYun Li, Yun Li Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHafid Soualhine, Hafid Soualhine Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorOmar Abidi, Omar Abidi Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorAbdelaziz Chafik, Abdelaziz Chafik Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorGudrun Nürnberg, Gudrun Nürnberg Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChristian Becker, Christian Becker Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorPeter Nürnberg, Peter Nürnberg Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChristian Kubisch, Christian Kubisch Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBernd Wollnik, Bernd Wollnik Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorAbdelhamid Barakat, Abdelhamid Barakat Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this author Redouane Boulouiz, Corresponding Author Redouane Boulouiz [email protected] Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoDepartment of Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Abou Kacem Ez-Zahraoui, B.P. 120, Casablanca, Morocco.Search for more papers by this authorYun Li, Yun Li Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorHafid Soualhine, Hafid Soualhine Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorOmar Abidi, Omar Abidi Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorAbdelaziz Chafik, Abdelaziz Chafik Faculté des Sciences Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this authorGudrun Nürnberg, Gudrun Nürnberg Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChristian Becker, Christian Becker Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorPeter Nürnberg, Peter Nürnberg Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorChristian Kubisch, Christian Kubisch Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorBernd Wollnik, Bernd Wollnik Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorAbdelhamid Barakat, Abdelhamid Barakat Department of Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, MoroccoSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 October 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32525Citations: 11 † How to cite this article: Boulouiz R, Li Y, Soualhine H, Abidi O, Chafik A, Nürnberg G, Becker C, Nürnberg P, Kubisch C, Wollnik B, Barakat A. 2008. A novel mutation in the Espin gene causes autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss but no apparent vestibular dysfunction in a Moroccan family. Am J Med Genet Part A 146A:3086–3089. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume146A, Issue231 December 2008Pages 3086-3089 RelatedInformation
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Preventing water pollution by dairy by-products : risk assessment and comparison of legislation in Benin and South Africa - Goutondji, Abul; Sylviane, Leopoldine Elvire (2008)
South Africa (SA) and Benin have in common a desire to produce milk and dairy products in line with international norms and guidelines while protecting the environment (DE, 2003, 2004, 2005; Fedics, 2006; Jordan & Kraamwinkel, 2007; MAEP/ DE/ PDE III, 2004 (a) and (b)). The increase in dairy production observed in South Africa and in Benin, both developing countries and situated in sub-Saharan Africa, should take into account the potential hazards linked to water pollution (Steinfeld et al., 2006; FAO, 2007(b) and (c)). The aim of the study was to assess the risk of water pollution through developing dairy production in SA and Benin by comparing appropriate and relevant legislation. The method chosen for this comparison was the Hazard Analysis; Critical Control Point (HACCP) based approach with some principles of environmental risk assessment. This is the method used by Horchner et al., (2006) for identification of CCPs in feedlot cattle.
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The head-teacher's instructional role in academic achievement in secondary schools in Vihiga district, Kenya - Musungu, L. L.; Nasongo, Joseph W. (Educational Research Review, 2008)
The head teachers’ role is to promote academic performance. It is therefore important that the performance of a school is appraised against the performance of the person who leads it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the instructional role of the head-teacher in academic achievement in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations in Vihiga district of Western province. The population of the study comprised 84 head-teachers and 1,280 teachers serving in the 84 secondary schools. Saturated sampling technique was used to select a sample from the high and average performing schools, while stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample from the low performing schools. The sample comprised 7 high performing schools, 17 average performing schools and 20 low performing schools. All the 44 head-teachers of the selected schools formed part of the sample for the study together with 8 teachers from each school sampled randomly. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, in-depth interviews and document analysis guide. Data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study showed that head-teachers’ instructional role included regular checking of teachers’ professional records, regular class supervision, and management plan for carrying out curriculum goals. Therefore, since the role of the head-teacher is associated with high student achievement, the study recommends that head-teachers should enhance internal supervision of teachers. Key words: Academic achievement, effectiveness, efficiency, head-teacher, high performing schools, horizontal teaching, instructional supervision, performance, school size, staffing, supervision, vertical teaching.
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Drug Dependence and Abuse in Kenyan Secondary Schools: Strategies for Intervention. - Ngesu, Lewis; Ndiku, Judah; Masese, Alice (Educational Research Review, 2008)
There may have been a time when we in Kenyan considered the use or abuse of drugs as a problem relating only to Western world. Today it has become an African problem to the extend that a month hardly passes without media reports on large quantities of drugs having been intercepted in a number of African cities and towns. The results of the study indicated that students abused drugs for varied reasons and the commonly abused drugs were alcohol, bhang, miraa, tobacco and kuber. The study recommended that guidance and counseling in schools be enforced and that strict disciplinary measures be enforced by teachers to curb the vice. Policy makers should also focus their efforts on addressing administrative disparities of principal’s leadership capacities across urban, suburban and rural setting. Key words: Drug addiction, drug abuse, substance abuse.
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A comparison of the cognitive development of outcome based versus non outcome based education: an exploration of South African learners - Austin, Tracey-Lee (2008)
openalex: W1513439029 mag: 1513439029
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Surgical Education in South Africa - Degiannis, Elias; Oettlé, G J; Smith, Martin D.; Veller, Martin (World Journal of Surgery, 2008)
openalex: W1990601403 mag: 1990601403
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Normal values of inner and outer intercanthal distances in a student population in southeast Nigeria - Egwu, OA; Ewunonu, E O; Etuedo, AN; Ovuoba, KN; Njoku, CO; Ugwu, AC (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2008)
Normal values of inner and outer intercanthal distances in a student population in Nigeria were studied.A total of 460 students (264 males and 196 females) with mean age of 23.27±3.48years for males and 21.37±2.82years for females volunteered to be subjects in this study.The inner intercanthal distance (IICD) and outer intercanthal distance (OICD) were measured between the medial and lateral ends of the palpabral fissures respectively using a metric ruler.Other measurements taken were height, weight, fronto-occipital distance (FOD).The mean IICD for males and females were 43.90±4.11mm and 41.77±3.37 mm respectively.The canthal index (CI) showed 37.10±2.93for males and 36.41±2.69 for females.Non-parametric t-test evinced no significant (P>0.05)difference between the sexes for CI (P=0.841).Pearsons correlation coefficient indicated positive relationship between IICD, OICD, CI, FOD and Body surface area (BSA).IICD and OICD correlated with height while OICD alone correlated with Body mass index (BMI).A multiple regression equation was developed for CI as dependent variable and FOD, Age and height as independent variables.This study will provide a databank for craniofacial surgeons and ophthalmologists and help in the evaluation of deformities, post-traumatic telecanthus and hypertelorism in our population.
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An academic digital divide between students in developed and developing worlds- A comparative study of two universities in Taiwan and the Gambia - Lai, Chih-Chien; Touray, Yusupha (2008)
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Women And Education In Nigeria - Ezegbogu, EN (Journal of Research in National Developoment, 2008)
Knowledge is power and the need for knowledge brings about education. Therefore, the need for education for personal and societal development and empowerment cannot be overemphasized hence the education of males and females is never a waste. Women can contribute to the development of any society/nation if empowered and as such they should be exposed to the necessary education. This paper discusses women education and its benefits. It also discusses the challenges women face and suggested ways out of these challenges. JORIND Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 91-94
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Remote sensing study of sector collapses and debris avalanche deposits at Oldoinyo Lengai and Kerimasi volcanoes, Tanzania - Kervyn, Matthieu; Ernst, Gérald; Klaudius, Jurgis; Keller, Jörg; Mbede, Evelyne; Jacobs, Patric (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008)
Evidence for volcano collapse and debris avalanche deposits (DADs) at Oldoinyo Lengai (OL), Tanzania, has been obtained from mapping and fieldwork. Three major DADs have been identified, named Zebra, Cheetah and Oryx DADs. Field evidence indicates geologically young ages. On this basis a remote sensing (RS) study of the active carbonatite volcano OL and the surrounding rift plain was carried out, using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation data, Landsat and ASTER imagery, geological maps and aerial photographs. The SRTM digital elevation model (DEM) allowed morphological characterization of OL and reassessment of the volcano volume to 41±5 km3. This enabled the identification of collapse scars, fields of large hummocks (>300 m across), sharp deposit edges typical of DADs, and estimation of the minimum thickness of the DADs. Multispectral and topographic RS data interpretation allowed mapping of the extent and estimation of the volume of two sector‐collapse scars and three DADs. The DADs extend up to 24 km from OL and have volumes ranging from 0.1 to ∼5 km3. Striking radial ridges and grooves were identified in some parts of the DADs. The morphological variability for ridges and grooves in different DADs is attributed to contrasting flow dynamics and avalanching material. A volcano collapse and the corresponding DAD, ∼1 km3 in volume, were also characterized by RS at the nearby Kerimasi volcano. The presence of young DADs highlights the need for routine monitoring of ground deformation and seismicity at OL to anticipate hazardous events.
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Book Scarcity In Nigerian University Libraries:A Menace To Effective Research, Teaching And Learning - Ogugua, JC; Emerole, Nancy (Journal of Research in National Development, 2008)
Book scarcity is an unhealthy development any university library would want to disassociate from. This ill wind started blowing around the libraries in 1982 when Nigeria's economy started nose-diving. Books are indeed very useful in a child's healthy upbringing, exploration into the lives of a people, development of thinking ability, determination of a nation's value system, supporting curriculum development and provision of yardstick for assessing quality of scholarship in the universities. Book scarcity has persisted due to poor funding of education by Federal Government, frustration of authors, violation of copyright laws and committing of library crimes by library staff and users. This situation has affected educational standards such that over 100 courses offered in the universities in 2005 were refused accreditation. Nevertheless, the internet and electronic publishing promise modification, Recommendations were made for improvement. JORIND Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 92-97
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Information And Communication Technology, Globalisation And Women Education In Nigeria - Ojiile, E; Msheliza, IA (Journal of Research in National Development, 2008)
ICT, an acronym for information and communication technology, revolutionized the world thereby bringing about globalization. As humanity reaped its benefits, women seemed unrecognized. The paper examines the benefits of ICT and globalization to women in Nigeria. It further explored how these benefits influenced their children positively. The paper also looked at impediments to effective use of ICT and offered recommendations which could go a long way in getting majority of women involved in the use of ICT. JORIND Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 12-15
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Participatory Management And Organisational Effectiveness Of Secondary School System In Rivers State Of Nigeria - Ozurumba, CN (Journal of Research in National Development, 2008)
The study investigated Participatory Management and Organizational Effectiveness of Secondary School System in Rivers State in Nigeria. The population for the study was made up of five thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine (5,229) teachers. The total sample used for this study was six hundred (600) teachers. To accomplish this study, three hypotheses were formulated for the study. Data collected were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The major results obtained were that: the level of staff participation in school decision-making does not significantly influence organizational effectiveness, and schools with high level of community participation in managing material resources were perceived better than schools with moderate and low levels of community participation. Based on the finding it was recommended that shared decision-making should be seriously considered for secondary school system in order to enhance productivity, satisfaction and the psychological growth of staff, students and parents. JORIND Vol. 5 (1) 2007: pp. 63-68
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The development and implementation of an institutional tuition policy for an open and distance learning institution : a case study of the University of South Africa - Tshivhase, Azwinndini Christopher (2008)
openalex: W206206311 mag: 206206311
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An analysis of learners' knowledge and understanding of human rights in South Africa - Netshitahame, Nyadzanga Evelyn (2008)
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Undergraduate students’ adoption of handheld devices and Web 2.0 applications to supplement formal learning experiences: Case studies in Australia, Ethiopia and Malaysia - Oliver, Beverley; Goerke, Veronica (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2008)
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South Africa: Applied Competence as the Guiding Framework for Environmental and Sustainability Education - Lotz‐Sisitka, Heila; Raven, Glenda (2008)
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Roles of personality, vocational interests, academic achievement and socio‐cultural factors in educational aspirations of secondary school adolescents in southwestern Nigeria - Salami, Samuel O. (Career Development International, 2008)
Purpose This paper seeks to examine the roles of personality, vocational interests, academic achievement and some socio‐cultural factors in educational aspirations of secondary school adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A survey research design was adopted. The sample comprised 430 (males = 220, females = 210) secondary school students. Data personality, vocational interests, academic achievement, socio‐cultural factors and educational aspiration were obtained from the students. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings The paper finds that specific personality, interest dimensions, academic achievement, socio‐economic status and demands from extended family were significantly related to the students' educational aspirations. Research limitations/implications The cross‐sectional correlational research design does not permit cause‐and‐effect inferences to be made. Use of a single‐item survey to assess educational aspirations may limit the results. Future research may add more items to assess educational aspiration. Practical implications The adolescents' personality, vocational interests, academic achievement and socio‐cultural factors should be identified and included in the career counselling process by counselling psychologists. Originality/value This research provides basis for the need to consider personality, interests and socio‐cultural factors in addition to cognitive attainment when explaining the adolescents' educational aspirations.
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School and Neighborhood Contexts, Perceptions of Racial Discrimination, and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents - Seaton, Eleanor K.; Yip, Tiffany (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2008)
The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.
openalex: W1988571537 mag: 1988571537
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Forging partnership to enhance the relevance of Ethiopian graduate schools research in agriculture: Report on stakeholder workshop, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, 23-24 October 2008 - Sehai, Ermias; Lemma, Tesfaye (2008)
openalex: W2612950014 mag: 2612950014
Keywords: openalex:import

Fulfilling the 2010 South African World Cup Promise: Learning from the 2002 Japan-Korea Experience - Hiramatsu, Morihiko (2008)
openalex: W2731776295 mag: 2731776295
Keywords: openalex:import

Patterns of physical Impairment among leprosy patients in Evangelical Church of West-Africa Leprosy Hospital, Omu-Aran Nigeria. - Kolapo, IO; Akande, T.M.; Osagbemi, GK (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2008)
openalex: W1987895277 mag: 1987895277
Keywords: openalex:import

Sources and utilization of health information materials among secondary school students in Moro Local Government area of Kwara State, Nigeria - Osagbemi, GK; Tariah, NG (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2008)
openalex: W2007702751 mag: 2007702751
Keywords: openalex:import

Quantifying the role of sandy–silty sediments in generating slope failures during earthquakes: example from the Algerian margin - Dan, Gabriela; Sultan, Nabil; Savoye, Bruno; Déverchère, Jacques; Yelles, K. (International journal of earth sciences (1999. Print), 2008)
The Algerian margin is a seismically active region, where during the last century, several large magnitude earthquakes took place. This study combines geotechnical and sedimentological data with numerical modelling to quantitatively assess the present-day slope stability of the Algerian margin. Geotechnical laboratory tests, such as cyclic triaxial tests, oedometric tests and vane shear tests were carried out on sediment cores collected on the study area. The liquefaction potential of a sediment column located about 30 km from the Boumerdès earthquake epicentre of 21st May 2003 was evaluated theoretically for an earthquake of M w = 6.8. We show that thin sand and silt beds such as those described on recovered sediment cores are the main cause of sediment deformation and liquefaction during earthquakes. Numerical calculations showed that the slope failure may occur during an earthquake characterised by a PGA in excess of 0.1g, and also that, under a PGA of 0.2g liquefaction could be triggered in shallow silty–sandy deposits. Moreover, comparison of the predicted slope failure with failure geometries inferred from seafloor morphology showed that earthquakes and subsequent mass movements could explain the present-day morphology of the study area.
openalex: W1981958430 mag: 1981958430
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On-the-job training of clinical officers in Malawi - Jiskoot, Peter (Malawi medical journal, 2008)
Although Malawi started a Medical College in 1991 to train medical doctors, it continues to face a chronic shortage of medical staff. Malawi Medical Journal Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 74-77
openalex: W2023441458 mag: 2023441458
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Internal accountability and school performance in private secondary schools in Botswana : A case study of Legae Academy and Al-Nur Schools - Patel, Farzeen (2008)
openalex: W120021604 mag: 120021604
Keywords: openalex:import

The Shape of Things: Male Body Image Amongst South African University Students - Picton, Jonathan Peter (2008)
openalex: W36211199 mag: 36211199
Keywords: openalex:import

Online Learning in Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Ghanaian University students' experiences and perceptions - Asunka, Stephen (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2008)
This study adopted a qualitative case-study approach to examine the attitudes, experiences, and perceptions of undergraduate students who were enrolled in an online, collaborative learning course at a Ghanaian private university. Data sources included surveys, student and instructor journal entries, email records, individual interviews, and Web-server logs. The study found that the students did not respond favorably to online constructivist teaching approaches such as asynchronous discussions and ill-structured project-based learning activities, and perceived collaborative online learning within their context as a complex, more demanding and time-consuming experience.
openalex: W1679271483 mag: 1679271483
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation Of A Safer Male Circumcision Training Programme For Traditional Surgeons And Nurses In The Eastern Cape, South Africa - Peltzer, Karl; Nqeketo, Ayanda; Petros, George; Kanta, Xola (2008)
Training designed to improve circumcision knowledge, attitude and practice was delivered over 5 days to 34 traditional surgeons and 49 traditional nurses in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Training included the following topics: initiation rites; statutory regulation of traditional male circumcision and initiation into Manhood (TCIM); structure and function of the male sex organs; procedure of safe circumcision, infection control; sexually transmitted infections (STIs); HIV/AIDS; infection control measures; aftercare of the initiate including after care of the circumcision wound and initiate as a whole; detection and early management of common complications of circumcision; nutrition and fluid management; code of conduct and ethics; and sexual health education. The evaluation of the training consisted of a prospective assessment of knowledge and attitude immediately prior to and after training. Significant improvement in knowledge and/or attitudes was observed in legal aspects, STI, HIV and environmental aspects, attitudes in terms of improved collaboration with biomedical health care providers, normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology, sexually transmitted infections and including HIV, circumcision practice and aftercare of initiates. We concluded that safer circumcision training can be successfully delivered to traditional surgeons and nurses.
openalex: W1525579894 mag: 1525579894
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Farm nitrogen flows of four farmer field schools in Kenya - Beek, C.L.; Onduru, D.D.; Gachimbi, L.N.; Jager, A. de (Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems (Print), 2008)
openalex: W4231828736
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Effects of training programme on HIV/AIDS prevention among primary health care workers in Oyo State, Nigeria - Ajuwon, Ademola J.; Funmilayo, Fawole; Oladepo, Oladimeji; Osungbade, Kayode O.; Asuzu, Michael C. (Health education, 2008)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to train primary health care workers to be trainers and implementers of community‐based AIDS prevention activities in Oyo State, Nigeria, by describing an evaluation of the project.
openalex: W1998676023 mag: 1998676023
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Substituting for Families? Schools and Social Reproduction in AIDS‐affected Lesotho - Ansell, Nicola (Antipode, 2008)
Abstract: Families, the state and employers all have a broad if differentiated interest in securing the daily and generational reproduction of society. Whereas in Western countries, the past two decades have witnessed a progressive displacement of responsibility for social reproduction from the state to families, in southern Africa, day‐to‐day social reproduction has always remained overwhelmingly the preserve of families. Today, however, the AIDS pandemic is radically transforming family life for many children, and prompting concerns (arguably a moral panic) about the potential breakdown of social reproduction. Even in Africa, schools have long supplemented families in delivering generational reproduction, albeit geared around the transfer of “factual” knowledge and with a narrow focus on preparing new generations of workers. In light of the AIDS pandemic, a number of commentators have suggested ways in which schools could further substitute for the diminishing capacities of families. Based on interviews with decision‐makers and analysis of policy documents, I explore a number of interventions being enacted in Lesotho's schools. I argue that such initiatives remain small in scale and often justified in relation to retaining children in school. In practice both government and employers remain more interested in the generational reproduction of workers than in daily reproduction. If the welfare needs of AIDS‐affected children are to be met through schooling, there is a need for the education sector's role to be understood in relation to an ethics of care, rather than the functionalist production of a future workforce.
openalex: W2018005880 mag: 2018005880
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Effect of streaming by gender on student achievement in mathematics in secondary schools in Kenya - Bosire, Joseph; Mondoh, Hellen; Barmao, Ann (South African Journal of Education, 2008)
openalex: W4252569029
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Impact of Race and Welfare Reform on African American Single Mothers’ Access to Higher Education - Johnson, Vanessa D. (Journal of Black Studies, 2008)
This article explores the impact of welfare reform policies on African American college students who are single mothers and how race plays a key role in shaping such policies and college access.
openalex: W2067759250 mag: 2067759250
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Nutritional status correlated with sociodemographic and economic factors among preparatory school-aged children in the Gaza Strip - Kanao, Basil J.; Abu-Nada, Osama S.; Zabut, Baker M. (Journal of Public Health, 2008)
openalex: W1975278664 mag: 1975278664
Keywords: openalex:import

Spirituality in the workplace: a reality for South African teachers? - Klerk-Luttig, Jeanette de (South African Journal of Education, 2008)
CITATION: De Klerk-Luttig, J. 2008. Spirituality in the workplace : a reality for South African teachers?. South African Journal of Education, 28(4):505-517.
openalex: W2105467534 mag: 2105467534
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Education in Maritime Archaeology: The Egyptian Case Study - Khalil, Emad (Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 2008)
openalex: W1985163070 mag: 1985163070
Keywords: openalex:import

InSAR analysis of a blind thrust rupture and related active folding: the 1999 Ain Temouchent earthquake (M w 5.7, Algeria) case study - Belabbès, Samir; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Çakır, Ziyadin; Bouhadad, Youcef (Journal of Seismology, 2008)
We study the surface deformation associated with the 22 December 1999 earthquake, a moderate sized but damaging event at Ain Temouchent (northwestern Algeria) using Interferometric Satellite Aperture Radar images (InSAR). The mainshock focal mechanism solution indicates reverse faulting with a NE–SW trending rupture comparable to other major seismic events of this section of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Previously, the earthquake fault parameters were, however, poorly known because no aftershocks were precisely determined and no coseismic surface ruptures were observed in the field. Using a pair of ERS data with small baseline and short temporal separation in the ascending orbit we obtained an interferogram that shows the coseismic surface displacement field despite poor coherence. The interferogram measures four fringes and displays an ellipse-shaped lobe with ∼11 cm peak line-of-sight displacement. The elastic modeling using a boundary element method (Poly3Dinv) indicate coseismic slip reaching up to 1 m at 5 km depth on the N 57° E trending, dipping 32° NW Tafna thrust fault. The geodetic estimate of seismic moment is 4.7 × 1017 N m. (Mw 5.7) in is good agreement with seismological results. The elliptical shape of the surface displacement field coincides with the NE–SW trending Berdani fault-related fold. The consistency between the geological observations and InSAR solution shed light on the precise earthquake location and related Tafna fault parameters.
openalex: W1964481455 mag: 1964481455
Keywords: openalex:import

Can Groundwater Meet Africa's Demand for Water as Climates Change?: Groundwater and Climate in Africa: An International Conference; Kampala, Uganda, 24–28 June 2008 - Taylor, Richard G.; Tindimugaya, Callist; Aureli, Alice (Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2008)
The impact of climate variability and change on groundwater resources remains poorly understood and is one of the most persistent knowledge gaps identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in both its Third (2001) and Fourth (2007) Assessment Reports. The common exclusion of groundwater from current monitoring and evaluation of the impacts of climate variability and change is of particular concern in Africa, where approximately half of its nearly 1 billion inhabitants rely upon groundwater for their daily water supply. Furthermore, future adaptations in response to climate change and rapid population growth are expected to intensify dependence upon ground water in Africa as communities seek to improve access to safe water and adequate sanitation pursuant to the U.N. Millennium Development Goals, which include sustaining food security and promoting agricultural and industrial development.
openalex: W1998629334 mag: 1998629334
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A Review of: “Refiguring Rhetorical Education: Women Teaching African American, Native American, and Chicano/a Students, 1865–1911, by Jessica Enoch.” - Webber, Jim (Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 2008)
openalex: W2164718907 mag: 2164718907
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Clinical Findings Among Nigerian Paediatric Glaucoma Suspects During A School Eye Health Survey - Ayanniyi, Abdulkabir Ayansiji; Olatunji, FO; Mahmoud, Abdulraheem O; Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke (The Open ophtalmology journal, 2008)
To report clinical findings suspicious of glaucoma among primary school children in Ilorin, Nigeria.A cross sectional survey of ocular health among 1,393 school children carried out between July 2005 and January 2006. Criteria for suspecting glaucoma included a cup disc ratio (CD) of > 0.5, a CD asymmetry between the fellow eyes of > 0.2, and/or intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21mmHg by applanation tonometry.Eleven (6 boys and 5 girls) of 1,393 pupils (0.8%), aged between 7 and 13 years, had ocular findings suspicious of glaucoma. Twenty two eyes of 11 pupils had a CD ratio ≥ 0.6, and among these 5 eyes had IOP > 21. Three of the pupils had a CD asymmetry of > 0.2.A significant proportion of these Nigerian school pupils had clinical signs suggestive of glaucoma. A functional school health programme with eye health component coupled with efficient referral system is advocated.
openalex: W2151013192 mag: 2151013192
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Is this a Drought or is this a Drought and what is really Beautiful? Different Conceptualizations of the !Khuiseb Catchment (Central Namibia) and their Consequences - Gruntkowski, Nina (2008)
This case study focuses on the different concepts of landscapes of different communities making use of the !Khuiseb catchment area (KCA; central Namibia). They conceptualise their environment in different ways due to their different cultural backgrounds and daily experiences with it. It shows how the desert environment of the lower !Khuiseb River is viewed by indigenous Topnaar people and how the more productive highland of the upper !Khuiseb River is valued by farmers of European descent. As we are living in an increasingly globalised world concepts are also imported from foreign environments. These concepts have an impact upon the discourses on the ‘new’ environment. On the basis of the conceptualisation of ‘drought’ and ‘aesthetics of landscape’ by different people this chapter elaborates on how concepts can frame the present use of the environment and the spatial distribution of people within the !Khuiseb catchment area. The fact that processes take place over space. The fact of distance or closeness of geographical variation between areas, of the individual character and meaning of specific places and regions – all these are essential the operation of social processes themselves.... Nor do any of these processes operate in an environmentally characterless, neutral und undifferentiated world. (Massey in Jackson, 1989, p. 184)
openalex: W1960303712 mag: 1960303712
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Factors associated with sexual activity among high‐school students in Nairobi, Kenya - Kabiru, Caroline W.; Orpinas, Pamela (Journal of Adolescence, 2008)
The high level of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa has led to an increased interest in understanding the determinants of sexual activity among young people, who are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections. The present study examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors associated with heterosexual activity among a sample of 3556 male and female high-school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Approximately 50% of the males and 11% of females reported having had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime with a significant proportion reporting multiple sexual partnerships. Sexual activity was associated with various factors including religiosity, perceived parental attitudes towards sex, living arrangements, and school characteristics. However, the pattern of association differed for males and females. Results suggest that adolescents may benefit from sex education programs addressing multiple factors that may predispose adolescents to sexual activity, and that take into account gender differences.
openalex: W2137829920 mag: 2137829920
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Curriculum and Instructional Validity of the Scientific Literacy Themes Covered in Zambian High School Biology Curriculum - Chabalengula, Vivien Mweene; Mumba, Frackson; Lorsbach, Tony; Moore, Cynthia J. (International journal of environmental and science education, 2008)
The purpose of this study was to establish the nature and extent of scientific literacy (SL) themes coverage in Zambian national high school biology curriculum. The three data sources are biology textbooks, biology syllabi, and grade twelve national biology examination papers for a five-year period (2000–2004). These data sources were analyzed using the framework and procedure developed by Chiappetta, Fillman, and Sethna. The framework has four themes of SL namely: Science as a body of knowledge; Science as a way of investigating; science as a way of knowing; and Interaction between science, technology and society. The results show that the biology textbooks and syllabi content objectives emphasized basic knowledge of science while the biology examination papers, and the syllabi aims and assessment objectives emphasized science as a way of knowing. The interaction between science, technology and society theme was the least represented in the biology course. The results also suggest lack of curriculum and instructional validity in biology examinations with respect to the four themes of SL. The inadequate coverage of interaction of science, technology and society theme in the curriculum materials may be a barrier to a better preparation of scientifically literate citizens. Some recommendations have been made.
openalex: W2134721243 mag: 2134721243
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Relationship Between Education Expenditure And Economic Growth: A Multivariate Causality Evidence For Nigeria - Ighodaro, CA; Olu, AA (Global Journal of Social Sciences, 2008)
This paper considered the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1970 – 2003 using a multivariate causality approach. Before and after 1976, there were three levels and four levels of education respectively. Furthermore, it was found that national expenditure on education has been less than the 15% recommended by UNESCO except in 1995 when the percentage of federal government expenditure on education was about 17.3%. The empirical part of the result shows that there is unidirectional relationship between education and economic growth with causality running from education expenditure to economic growth. The result therefore suggests that policy makers should boost expenditure on education as it will further improve economic growth in Nigeria Keywords: GDP, Granger Causality, Education Expenditure Global Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 17-20
openalex: W2066602354 mag: 2066602354
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Matching national forest policies and management practices for climate change adaptation in Burkina Faso and Ghana - Kalame, Fobissie Blese; Nkem, Johnson; Idinoba, Monica; Kanninen, Markku (Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 2008)
Many studies have suggested various kinds of forest policies, management planning and practices to help forests adapt to climate change. These recommendations are often generic, based mostly on case studies from temperate countries and rarely from Africa. We argue that policy and management recommendations aimed at integrating adaptation into national forest policies and practices in Africa should start with an inventory and careful examination of existing policies and practices in order to understand the nature and extent of intervention required to influence the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change. This paper aims to contribute to closing this gap in knowledge detrimental to decision making through the review and analysis of current forest policies and practices in Burkina Faso and Ghana and highlighting elements that have the potential to influence the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change. The analysis revealed that adaptation (and mitigation) are not part of current forest policies in Burkina Faso and Ghana, but instead policies contain elements of risk management practices which are also relevant to the adaptation of forest ecosystems. Some of these elements are found in policies on the management of forest fires, forest genetic resources, non-timber resources, tree regeneration and silvicultural practices. To facilitate and enhance the management of these elements, a number of recommendations are suggested. Their implementation will require experienced and well-trained forestry personnel, financial resources, socio-cultural and political dimensions, and the political will of decision makers to act appropriately by formulating necessary policies and mainstreaming adaptation into forest policy and management planning.
openalex: W2149762536 mag: 2149762536
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A comparative study of noise pollution levels in some selected areas in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria - Oyedepo, Olayinka S.; Saadu, Abdullahi A. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008)
openalex: W1998177633 mag: 1998177633
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Urban Road Vertices And Vehicular Pollution In Owerri: A Fast Growing Nigerian City - Udofia, EP (Global Journal of Social Sciences, 2008)
This study sought to investigate the effect of road roundabouts and road junctions on vehicular pollution in Owerri, Nigeria. A total of ten roundabouts and road junctions were purposively selected and studied. Traffic intensity data were collected twice daily for five days by the investigators at ten minutes interval. Data for the air pollutants were obtained from the Imo State Environmental Protection Agency. The Spearman's ranked order correlation technique was used to investigate the relationship between traffic intensity and some air pollutants. The result obtained indicated the absence of any significant relationship between traffic intensity on the one hand and the Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrocarbon (HC) contents of the air respectively on the other hand. This insignificant relationship not withstanding, it was foun d out that the values of the four contaminants at these locations exceeded the WHO stipulated limits. The implications of the observed trend for human health were considered. Keywords: Road Vertices, Traffic Intensity, Air Pollution, Human HealthGlobal Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 1-4
openalex: W1988034476 mag: 1988034476
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Exercise training favourably affects autonomic and blood pressure responses during mental and physical stressors in African-American men - Bond, Vernon; Bartels, Matthew N.; Sloan, Richard P.; Millis, Richard M.; Zion, Adrienne S.; Andrews, Newton; Meersman, Ronald E. De (Journal of Human Hypertension, 2008)
openalex: W2075432241 mag: 2075432241
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e-Learning adoption at the University of Botswana - Molelu, G.B.; Thomas, Pravin (2008)
openalex: W186245174 mag: 186245174
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Tinea capitis among primary school children in Anambra state of Nigeria - Emele, Felix Emele; Oyeka, C. A. (Mycoses, 2008)
Summary Tinea capitis continues to be a common problem of infancy and childhood, particularly among those living in unhygienic crowded conditions. The prevalence and aetiology of tinea capitis have not been well defined in Anambra state of Nigeria – hence the need to undertake this study. A total of 47 723 primary school children residing in different regions of the State was screened for tinea capitis between 2002 and 2005. Of this number, 4498 (9.4%) had tinea capitis. The highest prevalence of the disease occurred in the Southern region of the state (12.6%). Schools in urban areas recorded lower prevalence of the disease. Male : female prevalence ratio of 1.6 : 1 was recorded. Tinea capitis occurred significantly more in children below 10 years of age than in those above this age ( χ 2 = 3.178; P < 0.10). Of 502 isolates recovered in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most prevalent (42%), followed by M. ferrugineum (17%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (16%). Four of the samples revealed spore head of Aspergillus spp. in direct sample microscopy. A total of 29 (6%) isolates was atypical forms. The majority (91%) of children with the lesion came from families of three or more children, living in crowded apartments. Results showed that tinea capitis remains an important public health problem in Anambra state of Nigeria.
openalex: W1981487550 mag: 1981487550
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Dynamics of the Conformal‐Cubic Atmospheric Model projected climate‐change signal over southern Africa - Engelbrecht, François; McGregor, John L.; Engelbrecht, Christien J. (International Journal of Climatology, 2008)
Abstract The projected climate‐change signal in simulations by the Conformal‐Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) over southern Africa is presented, with particular emphasis on the projected changes in circulation over the region. Current (1975–2005) and future (2070–2100; A2 scenario) climate simulations are used for this purpose. In the austral winter of the future climate, frontal rain bands are displaced to the south as a result of the subtropical high‐pressure belt intensifying to the south of the subcontinent. In spring and autumn, mid‐ and upper‐level highs are simulated to become more prominent over the eastern and central parts of southern Africa. The enhanced subsidence associated with these systems results in generally lower rainfall totals over much of the south‐eastern subcontinent. To the north of these highs, enhanced westward moisture advection contributes to increased rainfall totals over northern Mozambique, whilst along the western periphery of the anomalously strong highs, enhanced southward moisture advection results in higher rainfall totals over Namibia, Botswana and the central and western interior of South Africa. In mid‐summer, the Indian Ocean High (IOH) is simulated to intensify most over the south‐western Indian Ocean (IO). This seemingly results in the more frequent occurrence of the cloud bands that constitute the South Indian Convergence Zone (SICZ) over the south‐eastern subcontinent—resulting in generally wetter conditions over this region. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
openalex: W2021353258 mag: 2021353258
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Problems, Challenges and Benefits of Implementing E-learning in Nigerian Universities: An Empirical Study - Kamba, Manir Abdullahi (International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (ijet), 2008)
This paper tries to examine and discuss the problems, challenges and Benefits of implementing E-Learning in Nigeria by reviewing the consciousness and willingness of the selected Universities. This study also identifies the enabling factors, the traffic-jam and, forecasts the future growth of E-learning in Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted for the study, and questionnaire was the only instrument used for the data collection. The findings of the study show that out of the 18 universities selected from different specialization areas, i.e three universities from each Geopolitical zone, only 12 responded with usable answers. The response rate was 67%, which is an expected rate for such surveys. Awareness of e-learning among the Universities is very high but investment and commitment to develop an e-learning application is very poor and below expectation according to the study. Most of the staff and students in the universities only use Internet related e- learning site just for the sake of finding related information for their researches, since their libraries cannot afford to provide them with adequate and current materials but not for the sake of real online learning. The study also found out that some of the universities have web page and others are in the trend of creating a web page, which is usually for advertisement of the universities but not for the e-leaning activities. Furthermore, the findings also reveal that staff and the students have also been using e-mail and Internet in addition to developing web pages for transaction of students. The Universities are planning to invest number of funds in future in the selected areas of the e-learning application. The Statistical analysis result shows that there are significant differences across both forms of e-learning activities and type of universities in Nigeria.
openalex: W2029626066 mag: 2029626066
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A Study of The Academic Achievement and Self-Concept of Male and Female Hearing-Impaired Students in Nigeria - Akinpelu, O Funmilola (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2008)
The main purpose of the study was to examine the academic achievement and self-concept of male and female hearing-impaired students in Nigeria. In doing so, a purposive sampling procedure was employed to elicit responses from 566 (364 males and 204 females) hearing-impaired secondary school students identified in various parts of the country. The Adolescent Personal Data Inventory (APDI) was used to measure self-concept while the respondents\' Junior Secondary Certificate Examination (JSCE) results were measures of their academic achievement. The data collected were analyzed using the t-test statistical procedure. The findings revealed that male hearing-impaired students did not achieve better than their female counterparts. It was also found that the self-concept of male hearing-impaired students was not significantly different from that of female hearing-impaired students.Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling Vol. 6 (1&2) 1998: pp. 163-174
openalex: W2305214625 mag: 2305214625
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A psychological morbidity study of patients with major burns seen at a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria - Fadeyibi, IO; Coker, A. O.; Olugbile, OB; Sanni, OG; Zachariah, Mathew; Ademiluyi, SA (Nigerian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2008)
Background: Major burn injury is usually accompanied by serious psychological manifestations with the patients having serious disruption of normal daily activities. and prone to series of psychological and psychiatric manifestations. This study set out to assess the level of psychopathological manifestations among burn patients admitted to the burns unit of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Patients and Methods: A study of adult patients admitted to the Burn Unit of LASUTH between October and November 2001 with major burns from contaminated kerosene was carried out. Psychometric instruments were administered on these patients. Their levels of psychopathology were assessed with State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Y-I), (STAI Y-2) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The scores from these patients were analysed and graded according to their levels of psychopathology. Result: Fifty six patients sustained major burns during the study period. Of these, thirty five patients (10 males and 25 females) were able to complete the psychometric instruments. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 (9.4) years. The mean Scores on the State Anxiety (STAY-I) Test was 39.7(11.3) [Normal-35.7]; Trait Anxiety (STAY-II) Test, 40.3 (SD-12.2) [Normal-34.9] and Depression Scale (SDS), 47.7(7.3) [Normal-47.9]. Twenty three (65%) patients scored high on the STA I-Y-1; twenty one (60%) patients scored high on the STAI Y – 2 while six (17.2%) patients had high score on the SDS. Conclusion: High level of psychological morbidity occurred among the patients that were studied. This psychological morbidity developed by 72 hours after sustaining the injury. The need for specialized multidisciplinary approach in burns is emphasized. Keywords: Burns, psychometric study, psychological morbidityNigerian Journal of Plastic Surgery Vol. 4 (2) 2008: pp. 31-35
openalex: W1993321952 mag: 1993321952
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Positionality of African Americans and a theoretical accommodation of it: Rethinking science education research - Parsons, Eileen Carlton (Science Education, 2008)
Abstract This essay addresses a call for research involving African Americans to interpret data from the historical, contemporary, and cultural experiences of African Americans. The essay argues for a science education research approach that explicitly considers the positionality of African Americans in the United States. This positionality involves the negotiation of three distinct and conflicting realms of experience that pertain to oppression, African‐rooted Black culture, and the dominant culture in the United States. The theoretical tool proposed in this essay accommodates the positionality of African Americans by superimposing it upon a model that synthesizes the ideas of Michael Cole (cultural‐historical activity theory) and Urie Bronfenbrenner (ecology of human development). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 92: 1127–1144, 2008
openalex: W1991210311 mag: 1991210311
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Usability context analysis for virtual reality training in South African mines - Wyk, Etienne van; Villiers, Ruth de (2008)
The usability of any tool or system has to be viewed in terms of the context in which it is used, and its appropriateness to that context. According to the ISO definition of usability, the context of use includes the users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a product is used. Context analysis provides a framework to ensure that all factors which may affect the usability of a product are considered.
openalex: W2115297391 mag: 2115297391
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The Experiences and Personal Religious Beliefs of Egyptian Science Teachers as a Framework for Understanding the Shaping and Reshaping of their Beliefs and Practices about Science‐Technology‐Society (STS) - Mansour, Nasser (International Journal of Science Education, 2008)
This research investigates the role of experience in relation to teachers’ beliefs and practices. The study adopted a social‐cultural constructivist perspective using an interpretive approach. The research was guided by teachers’ interpretations of their experiences related to teaching science through Science‐Technology‐Society (STS) issues. These interpretations are re‐interpreted to find meaningful conceptual categories (grounded in the data) from which to build a model to understand the influence of experiences within socio‐Islamic culture on teachers’ beliefs and practices. Data was collected from ten teachers using interviews and observations. The findings of this study suggest that it was mainly teachers’ personal religious beliefs and experiences that shaped their beliefs and practices. The research also led to a model, constructed on the basis of the data analysis, which suggests an explanation of how teachers’ personal religious beliefs and experiences influence their beliefs and practices.
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A critical analysis of parental involvement in the education of learners in rural Namibia - Hamunyela, Miriam Ndalilashiwa (2008)
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Investigating and improving assessment practices in Physics in secondary schools in Mozambique - Januário, Francisco (2008)
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The role of crop genetic diversity in coping with drought: Insights from eastern Ethiopia - Lipper, Leslie; Cavatassi, Romina; Hopkins, J. W. (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
Topics covered include the economic modelling of agrobiodiversity, policy and governance solutions for the conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, contracts, markets and valuation. The authors include well-known and respected academics and researchers who have a real policy perspective into the role of agrobiodiversity and economic development. The book provides coherent and up to date coverage of the economics of in-situ agrobiodiversity conservation which is to a large extent currently absent.
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The relationship between the five-factor model and individualism/collectivism among South African students - Vogt, Liesl Therese (2008)
The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality is one of the prominent models in contemporary psychology and defines personality in terms of five broad factors, namely, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Recent research, however, questions the applicability of the FFM in non-Western cultures, suggesting that it is not exhaustive enough and that it does not account for some other personality factors, most notably Individualism/Collectivism. Therefore, this study investigated whether the FFM of personality is related to Individualism/Collectivism in a sample of South African students. A total of 176 questionnaires were completed by students from the University of the Witwatersrand. The questionnaire contained the individualism/collectivism (INDCOL) scales and the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI) which is a South African instrument based on the FFM. Results indicate that there were no significant relationships between the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism. In addition no significant difference was found between race and the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism. There were also no significant differences between home language and the five factors and Individualism/Collectivism.
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InfoGuides: Global Education: Damascus, Syria - Landry, Elena (2008)
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InfoGuides: Global Education: Syria - Landry, Elena (2008)
openalex: W2010506500 mag: 2010506500
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Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial - Ngasala, Billy; Mubi, Marycelina; Warsame, Marian; Petzold, Max; Massele, Amos; Gustafsson, Lars L.; Tomson, Göran; Premji, Zul; Björkman, Anders (Malaria journal (Online), 2008)
Prescribing antimalarial medicines based on parasite confirmed diagnosis of malaria is critical to rational drug use and optimal outcome of febrile illness. The impact of microscopy-based versus clinical-based diagnosis of childhood malaria was assessed at primary health care (PHC) facilities using a cluster randomized controlled training intervention trial.Sixteen PHC facilities in rural Tanzania were randomly allocated to training of health staff in clinical algorithm plus microscopy (Arm-I, n = 5) or clinical algorithm only (Arm-II, n = 5) or no training (Arm-III, n = 6). Febrile under-five children presenting at these facilities were assessed, treated and scheduled for follow up visit after 7 days. Blood smears on day 0 were only done in Arm-I but on Day 7 in all arms. Primary outcome was antimalarial drug prescription. Other outcomes included antibiotic prescription and health outcome. Multilevel regression models were applied with PHC as level of clustering to compare outcomes in the three study arms.A total of 973, 1,058 and 1,100 children were enrolled in arms I, II and III, respectively, during the study period. Antimalarial prescriptions were significantly reduced in Arm-I (61.3%) compared to Arms-II (95.3%) and III (99.5%) (both P < 0.001), whereas antibiotic prescriptions did not vary significantly between the arms (49.9%, 54.8% and 34.2%, respectively). In Arm-I, 99.1% of children with positive blood smear readings received antimalarial prescriptions and so did 11.3% of children with negative readings. Those with positive readings were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those with negative (relative risk = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.72). On day 7 follow-up, more children reported symptoms in Arm-I compared to Arm-III, but fewer children had malaria parasitaemia (p = 0.049). The overall sensitivity of microscopy reading at PHC compared to reference level was 74.5% and the specificity was 59.0% but both varied widely between PHCs.Microscopy based diagnosis of malaria at PHC facilities reduces prescription of antimalarial drugs, and appears to improve appropriate management of non-malaria fevers, but major variation in accuracy of the microscopy readings was found. Lack of qualified laboratory technicians at PHC facilities and the relatively short training period may have contributed to the shortcomings.This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT00687895.
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WATER POLLUTION OF OUED MINA UNDER CATCHMENTS, IN ALGERIAN TIARET REGION تلوث المياه بوادي مينا بمدينة تيارت الجزائر (Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches, 2008)
This work concerns with the evaluation of the hydrous pollution evaluation of industrial effluents, in the principal manufacturing units of Tiaret industrial park, as well as in the receiving dam of worn water of this city.Collected data were treated by correspondent factorial analysis between sites and sampling periods, in summer and winter.This analysis made us possible to focus obvious signs of pollution with the following evolutionary tendencies:On the level of Giplait: We have recorded an increase in the COD and the BOD5 during the two periods of sampling, as well as increasing rate of suspended solids.On the level of Sotrefit: We have recorded a strong phosphates concentration during the summer and winter periods, as well as a raised rate of Chromium (in winter) and Copper (in summer).On the level of the ENF: We have noted that heavy metals prevail in these site effluents.On the level of the Barrage: We have noted a high concentration of nitrates, organic matter and suspended matter, as a source of pollution of the dam, which is currently used for the supply drinking water in Tiaret region.This work proved that Tiaret region become polluted.
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SLE-ASSOCIATED SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX: A CASE REPORT OF BILATERAL PNEUMOTHORAX ASSOCIATED WITH SLE IN SUDAN ELSHAAB TEACHING HOSPITAL - Abdulmajeed, Mohammed E.; Ahmed, Mohamed E. (Chest, 2008)
INTRODUCTION: SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any organ in the body. It is an autoimmune disorder that involves multi-system with production of antibodies against self. The specific cause is unknown, but genetic, racial, hormonal and environmental factors may be implicated. Among pulmonary manifestations of the disease eg: pleurisy, pleural effusion, spontaneous pneumothorax is not well recognized manifestation. In this case report we will describe a 27 years old female with recurrent bilateral pneumothorax discovered to have SLE who is treated surgically.
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Awareness Of Breast Cancer Screening Among Female Undergraduate Students Of University Of Ibadan, Nigeria - Adejumo, PO; Jo, Aluko; Oluwatosin, O M (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2008)
The mortality and morbidity rate of carcinoma of the breast among Nigerian women is alarming and is a serious health issue to health professionals especially nurses. The high rate of mortality and morbidity associated with breast cancer can be reduced through early detection measures which include mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE) and breast self examination (BSE). The aim of this study therefore is to determine the level of awareness of breast cancer screening methods among the female undergraduate students of University of Ibadan who are future mothers. This is a non-experimental descriptive study that utilised a self-structured questionnaire for collection of data. Three hundred willing female undergraduate students drawn proportionately from the three halls of residence participated in the study. Only 286 out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, were correctly filled, and fit for analysis. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilised for analysis of data. The age of the respondents ranged from 16 to 40 years. Majority (92.6%) were single. Those who have heard about BSE, CBE and mammography were 82.7%, 59.8% and 46% respectively. The mass media top the list of sources of information. However, only 33.8% demonstrated good knowledge of appropriate time BSE should be carried out. Larger proportion; 81.2% had never accessed CBE at any particular time in life. There is a significant association between the respondents\' level of awareness of mammography and the respondent mothers\' level of education, (P ? 0.05). The findings of the study revealed high level of awareness of BSE but low level of knowledge. Similarly, the number of respondents who had benefited from CBE was very low. Therefore, nurses, midwives and doctors are encouraged to teach their clients BSE and incorporate CBE into the routine physical examination of their clients. Keywords : Awareness, Breast cancer, Screening, Undergraduate students. African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol. 11 (1&2) 2008: pp. 161-173
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E-LEARNING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - Ajadi, Timothy Olugbenga; Salawu, Ibrahim Olatunde; Adeoye, Femi Adetunji (Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2008)
This paper discusses the relevance of e-learning in the position of distance education in Nigeria. It commences by discussing the meaning of e-learning and distance education. It also discusses the historical background of distance education in Nigeria as well as the operations of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) as the first federal University in Nigeria dedicated to the provision of education through distance mode. Furthermore, the paper highlights the prospects and challenges of e-learning in the operation of National Open University of Nigeria.
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Blended Learning and Improved Biology Teaching in the Nigerian Secondary Schools - Aladejana, Francisca (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2008)
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The perception and production of SSBE vowels by Syrian Arabic learners : the foreign language model - Almbark, Rana (2008)
This thesis presents an examination of the perception and production of Standard Southern British English (SSBE) vowels by Syrian Arabic (SA) Foreign language (FL) learners. The focus of this thesis is the FL learners who learned their English in their country and mostly by non-native teachers. Thus, by definition, the FL learners do not have native English input on a daily basis. This thesis reports on an empirical investigation of the Second Language (L2) perceptual and production patterns of a group of FL learners, which has received little interest in the literature, combining insights from current cross-language speech perception (Perceptual Assimilation Model) (Best 1994, 1995, 1999) and L2 learning models (Speech Learning Model) (Flege 1995). These models were mainly developed to account for early and advanced L2 learners, respectively. Thus, this study aims to develop an account for the perception and production of FL learners based on current L2 models. Results indicate that the specific learning context of FL learners is reflected in their perception and production patterns. For example, these learners live in a predominantly L1 environment, and their L2 input is mainly taken in a classroom and mostly by local teachers. However, this study argues that though FL learners lack native L2 input, they do have access to the phonology, syntax, and structures of the L2 via direct teaching. It is also shown that the perceptual patterns of the learners succeeded in predicting their production patterns, which has implications on the perception-production link for L2 learners, in general, and for FL learners in particular. The main outcome of the present thesis is that it develops an account of the perception and production of FL learners. It outlines the main principles for a proposed Foreign Language Model, in which the peculiarities of FL learners are taken into consideration compared to other groups of learners.
openalex: W11271535 mag: 11271535
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As culturas de afro-descendentes em currículos/The african-descendants cultures in curriculum in teachers education - Alves, Nilda (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
O texto e trabalhado a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida, de 2005 a 2008, em torno da questao da riqueza das culturas africanas e de suas expressoes no Brasil e as possibilidades que o trabalho em torno de artefatos culturais pode trazer as necessidades curriculares de auto-conhecimento e conhecimento do outro como legitimo Outro, na superacao de preconceitos, pelo trabalho conjunto sobre questoes historicas e imagens. Palavras-chave Curriculos escolares; Culturas; Artefatos culturais; Formacao de professoras ; Imagens Abstract The text is developed from research conducted, from 2005 and 2008, around the question of the richness of African cultures and their expression in Brazil, as well as the possibilities that working around cultural artifacts can bring to the curricular needs of self-knowledge and knowledge of the other as the legitimate Other, in the overcoming of prejudices, throught work on historical questions and images. Keywords School curricula; Cultures; Cultural artifacts; Teacher education; Images.
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Students' participation in decision-making in senior high schools in the Western Region of Ghana - Amedzro, Albert K. (2008)
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Hominid environments at Hadar from paleosol studies in a framework of Ethiopian climate change - Aronson, James L.; Hailemichael, Million; Savin, Samuel M. (Journal of Human Evolution, 2008)
The amount and seasonal distribution of paleo-rainfall is a major concern of paleoanthropology because they determine the nature of the vegetation and the structure of the ecosystem, particularly in eastern Africa. The δ18O and δ13C of paleosol carbonates are quantitative proxies of these critical features of the paleoenvironment. The Afar region of Ethiopia lies between the African and Indian summer monsoons, and is prone to profound climate change. In the western Afar, the dominant paleoenvironment of the Hadar Formation during the late Pliocene was a major meandering river's distal low, flat floodplain, on which muds accreted that were continuously transformed into vegetated soils with Bk horizons rich in CaCO3. The mean δ13C of paleosols throughout the Hadar Formation translates to an average vegetative cover across the extensive floodplain of about 30% of the C4 grasses and 70% of unspecified C3 plants. The character of the paleosols, such as the one at Locality 333, and their δ18OCarbonate argue for a highly seasonal rainfall of about twice today's amount, implying that the C3 plants were mostly sizeable trees and that the biome for Australopithecus afarensis was a grassy woodland. The amount of grasses abruptly increased in the lower Busidima Formation with its early Homo and artifacts to a more open grassy woodland of ca. 50% grasses. However, this transition in δ13C is not mirrored in the δ18O, which persists at a quite negative average value of −6.4‰ over the entire >2-Myr duration of both formations. This value for the carbonate means that the paleosoil water was a quite negative −4.1‰, a significant 5‰ more negative than our estimate of modern rain at Hadar. We put the negative δ18O of paleo-Hadar's rainfall into an isotopic framework of the dynamic history of climate change in sub-Saharan northern Africa. There have been two end-member climate regimes: (1) an earlier persistently pluvial Pliocene regime, with its strong summer monsoon, as registered in the Hadar Formation; and (2) the modern cyclical, mostly arid regime that began ca. 1 Myr ago, which has been punctuated by about ten cyclically predictable brief millennia-long pluvial episodes. The best known pluvial of the latter regime is the latest one, the African Humid Period (AHP), just 9.0–6.5 kyr ago, whose δ18ORainfall matches that for paleo-Hadar. The known climatological factors that brought on the AHP are probably the same ones that were persistently present for the Afar of the Pliocene. This dynamic rainfall history undoubtedly has influenced hominid occupation of the keystone Afar area at the gateway out of, and into, Africa.
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Adjustment challenges faced by newly trained teachers in basic schools in the Awutu-Efutu-Senya District of Ghana - Bain-Doodu, Joseph Justice (2008)
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"Used Goods": Former African American College Student-Athletes' Perception of Exploitation by Division I Universities - Beamon, Krystal (Journal of Negro Education, 2008)
Collegiate sports have opened many doors for African American males. However, serious involvement in athletics has hampered the development of the group in several areas such as academic and occupational achievement. It has been alleged that universities exploit athletes, especially African American male athletes in football and basketball. This study uses in-depth ethnographic interviews of former Division I student-athletes who are African American in order to examine the extent to which they feel that universities emphasized their education as opposed to their athletic performance and prepared them for careers off the playing field. The former student-athletes expressed feelings of being used goods and recount difficulties in choosing a major. Sports have become key social institutions in American society that are connected to the economy, education, family, and other spheres of social life. Many scholars have noted that a specific set of difficulties arise for African American males in competitive athletics, especially in high school and collegiate athletics (Benson, 2000; Edwards, 1988, 2000; Harrison, 2000; Hoberman, 2000; Lapchick, 19%; Lomax, 2000; Sellers & Kuperminc, 1997; Siegel, 1996). As a means to upward mobility, educational institutions are thought to prepare students for a future beyond their halls. In terms of African American male student-athletes, there are two opposing perspectives that are employed regarding sports' role in the educational development of the group: (a) athletics may provide educational opportunities to African Americans from underprivileged backgrounds that would not otherwise be available, and (b) sports have exploited the majority of African American athletes (Sellers, 2000). Although participation in athletics is often considered a golden opportunity for African Americans, compelling evidence to the contrary has been presented for decades (Beamon & BeIL 2006; Edwards, 1983, 1988; Lapchick, 1996). In fact, serious involvement in athletics has hampered die development of African American males in several areas, including academic and occupational achievement (Lomax, 2000). For decades, Edwards (2000) has researched me nexus between sociology and sports, particularly, how sports have affected me African American family and community. He suggested tiiat the overemphasis on sports participation has drained Black talent away from omer areas of economic and cultural success and argues that the push toward athletics as seen within Black families is hindering the social and cognitive growth of African American youth (Edwards, 1983, 1988, 2000). Furthermore, the mass media constantly deluges society wHh images glorifying African American men who are successful by employing avenues connected with sports and reinforces the stereotype of African American males as exclusively athletically talented (HaIL 2001). Collegiate student-athletes, particularly, African American male student-athletes, often have lower career maturity, an impaired aptitude to devise educational and career plans, with selfesteem and an identity based on athletics (Baillie & Danish, 1992; Blann, 1985; Harrison & Lawrence, 2003; Kennedy & Dimick, 1987). African American male student-athletes in football and basketball also have lower academic achievement, stronger expectations for a professional sports career, and are socialized more intensely toward sports dum their White counterparts (Beamon & BeU, 2002, 2006; Edwards, 2000; Eitle & Eitle, 2002; Hoberman, 2000; Pascarella, Truckenmiller, Nora, Terenzini, Edison, & Hagedorn 1999). Pursuing athletic achievement in an obsessive manner and doing so to the detriment of educational and occupational aspirations is described in an Edwards's study as a triple tragedy for African Americans: One, the tragedy of thousands upon thousands of black youths in the obsessive pursuit of sports goals that the overwhelming majority of them will never attain. …
openalex: W93425709 mag: 93425709
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South African crop farming and climate change: An economic assessment of impacts - Benhin, James (Global Environmental Change, 2008)
This paper assesses the economic impact of the expected adverse changes in the climate on crop farming in South Africa using a revised Ricardian model and data from farm household surveys, long-term climate data, major soils and runoffs. Mean annual estimates indicate that a 1% increase in temperature will lead to about US$ 80.00 increase in net crop revenue while a 1 mm/month fall in precipitation leads to US$ 2.00 fall, but with significant seasonal differences in impacts. There are also significant spatial differences and across the different farming systems. Using selected climate scenarios, the study predicts that crop net revenues are expected to fall by as much as 90% by 2100 with small-scale farmers been most affected. Policies therefore need to be fine-tuned and more focused to take advantage of the relative benefits across seasons, farming systems and spatially, and by so doing climate change may be beneficial rather than harmful.
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Assessing the Impact of the Trauma Team Training Program in Tanzania - Bergman, Simon; Deckelbaum, Dan; Lett, Ronald; Haas, Barbara; Demyttenaere, Sebastian; Munthali, Victoria; Mbembati, Naboth; Museru, Lawrence; Razek, Tarek (Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care, 2008)
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, injury is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life years than AIDS and malaria combined. The trauma team training (TTT) program is a low-cost course designed to teach a multidisciplinary team approach to trauma evaluation and resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of TTT on trauma knowledge and performance of Tanzanian physicians and nurses; and to demonstrate the validity of a questionnaire assessing trauma knowledge. Methods: This is a prospective study of physicians and nurses from Dar es Salaam undergoing TTT (n = 20). Subjects received a precourse test and, after the course, an alternate postcourse test. The equivalence and construct validity of these 15-item multiple-choice questionnaires was previously demonstrated. After the course, subjects were divided into four teams and underwent a multiple injuries simulation, which was scored with a trauma resuscitation simulation assessment checklist. A satisfaction questionnaire was then administered. Test data are expressed as median score (interquartile ratio) and were analyzed with the Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Results: After the TTT course, subjects improved their scores from 9 (5–12) to 13 (9–13), p = 0.0004. Team performance scores for the simulation were all >80%. Seventy-five percent of subjects were very satisfied with TTT and 90% would strongly recommend it to others and would agree to teach future courses. Conclusions: After completion of TTT, there was a significant improvement in trauma resuscitation knowledge, based on results from a validated questionnaire. Trauma team performance was excellent when assessed with a novel trauma simulation assessment tool. Participants were very supportive of the course.
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Attitudes of South African Dental Therapy Students Toward Compulsory Community Service - Bhayat, Ahmed; Yengopal, Veerasmay; Rudolph, Michael; Govender, Urvashnee (Journal of Dental Education, 2008)
Abstract Compulsory community service (CCS) was introduced into the health service by the South African government to address the shortage and maldistribution of health professionals within the public sector. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of dental therapy students regarding CCS. A self‐administered questionnaire was delivered to the two dental schools that train dental therapists in South Africa. There was a 64 percent response rate; 56 percent of the respondents were female. The average age was 20.3 years. There was no difference in the variables between the two dental schools, so the results were combined. The majority (81 percent) supported the introduction of CCS and preferred to carry it out in Kwa‐Zulu Natal. Most students opted to perform oral health promotional (64 percent) and clinical (15 percent) activities. By aligning these requirements with the current dental needs and priority strategies of the South African Department of Health, this support would add much value to the delivery of oral health services.
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Fine needle aspiration cytology in the investigation of breast lumps at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia - Bowa, Kasonde; Jewel, Jim; Mudenda, Victor (Tropical Doctor, 2008)
The study was undertaken to determine the value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the investigation of breast lumps at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. This technique, which has been shown to be cheap, simple and accurate has not been in common use at this institution. FNAC and open biopsy (OB) were performed on 56 patients who presented with a breast lump and the results compared, in order to determine the accuracy of FNAC. FNAC was found to have a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 100%. This level of accuracy compares favourably with the quality assurance criteria set for breast FNAC by the Royal College of Pathologists in the British National Health Service (NHS).
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“One Day I Might Find Myself HIV-Positive like Her”: Audience Involvement and Identification with Role Models in an Entertainment-Education Radio Drama in Botswana - Cc, Lovell; Ka, Pappas-DeLuca; Ak, Sebert Kuhlmann; Koppenhaver, Todd; Kong, SeongBae; Mooki, Maungo; Galavotti, Christine (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2008)
Entertainment-education programs promote health and development goals throughout the world. This study looks specifically at a radio serial drama designed to provide behavioral role models for HIV prevention and reproductive health in Botswana as part of the behavior-change strategy, Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat HIV/AIDS (MARCH). The purpose of this qualitative study is to elucidate regular listeners' involvement and identification with three different types of fictional characters in the drama. Regular listeners were interviewed using a semi-structured guide; 31 interviews were analyzed to assess respondents' reactions to three female characters. The findings suggest that characters designed to be "negative," "positive," and "transitional" (i.e., moving from negative to positive) role models were generally perceived as such and that the type of behavior modeled influenced whether a character was perceived to be transitional or positive. Audience members discussed the implications of specific behaviors by contrasting the different character types. Although characters modeled behaviors within distinct but interrelated storylines, the respondents spontaneously compared characters' ways of confronting similar dilemmas across storylines, suggesting that listeners perceived the drama as a unified whole rather than as a series of parallel stories. The use of more than one transitional character for each behavioral objective might be beneficial for improving audience identification with agents of behavior change by providing several models to which the audience can relate.
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Africa Project Graduate Student Reports - Dargent, Eduardo; Rivera, Gustavo; Kirwin, Matthew; Harding, Robin (PS: Political Science & Politics, 2008)
Taking part in the APSA workshop in Dakar was an enriching experience for my understanding of comparative politics. My research is focused on Latin America and my experience with African politics before the workshop was limited. Even if I would not dare call myself an expert in Africa after just one month in Senegal, I would like to discuss a difference and a similarity between these regions that I found surprising. The workshop reminded me of the title of Wim Wender's movie Far Away, So Close .
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The Relevance of Art Education and the Education of the Nigerian Child: Implications for the Universal Basic Education Policy - Emeji, Michael J. (International Journal of Art and Design Education, 2008)
Abstract This article examines relevant government policy documents on education and culture and discovers that Nigerian education authorities do not ‘discriminate’ against art and culture in its articulation of educational policies per se, but lack of administrative machinery or political will has resulted in the deprivation of the Nigerian child in the process of creative activity in early childhood development. The article argues that lack of creative ability in our educational products is perhaps a major setback in the nation's quest for industrial and technological development. In this article a new art curriculum for elementary schools is. advocated as a means of engaging the young child in order to attain functional educational skills necessary in the world of work.
openalex: W2031406378 mag: 2031406378
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Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among Zambian High School Students - Feldman, Douglas A.; Chitalu, Ndashi; Murdock, Peggy O’Hara; Bhat, Ganapati; Gómez-Marı́n, Orlando; Johnson, Jeffrey L.; Mwinga, Kasonde; Baboo, K.S. (2008)
Abstract This chapter examines how the stigma of AIDS results in negative attitudes and a lack of empathy toward persons with AIDS among high school students in Zambia. It describes attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS among 204 male and female public high school students in Lusaka. The findings reveal that the pervasiveness of AIDS in Zambia has not resulted in a destigmatization of the epidemic and that many people distance themselves from HIV infection by seeing AIDS sufferers as the “other”, making strong moral judgments against those who are infected with the virus.
openalex: W2491399507 mag: 2491399507
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Atmospheric corrosion effects of air pollution on materials and cultural property in Asia and Africa - Foax, LJ; Tidblad, Johan; Kucera; Hicks, Kevin; Kuylenstierna, Johan; Zhao, Dan; Wing, NG Kai; Saha, Dipankar; Das, Sonali; Zandi, Mark; Galang, R; Ramiz, A.; et al. (2008)
This project is part of the Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (Sida) funded Program on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). The Program is managed on Sida's ...
openalex: W92520136 mag: 92520136
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Music and Physical Play: What Can We Learn from Early Childhood Teachers in Kenya? - Freshwater, Amy; Sherwood, Elizabeth A.; Mbugua, Esther (Childhood Education, 2008)
(2008). Music and Physical Play: What Can We Learn from Early Childhood Teachers in Kenya? Childhood Education: Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 2-5.
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Unexpected lessons from a student elective in Ghana - Ghulam-Mustfah, Sarah (Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 2008)
In the summer of 2007, I visited Ghana in West Africa. The purpose of the trip was to gain an insight into medicine and healthcare in a developing country, and I planned to work in a government hos...
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Rhetoric versus reality: exploring the rights‐based approach to girls' education in rural Niger - Greany, Kate (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2008)
In the last three decades, rights‐based approaches (RBA) to development have become a part of the fabric of a number of international development agencies' work. Using RBA raises important questions around notions of universal rights and how these are contested and negotiated in local settings. The field of gender and education is no exception, and what achieving gender equity through education really means in local contexts, in terms of working on girls' rights to, through and within education is a thorny area. Drawing on four months of field‐based research with a non‐governmental organisation using a rights‐based approach to education in rural Niger, this paper attempts to explore the way in which RBA – and understandings of gender and education in relation to rights – impact on feminist notions of the universal.
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Prevalence of oral and perioral manifestations in HIV positive adults at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Guteta, Senbeta; Feleke, Yeweyenhareg; Fekade, Daniel; Neway, Makonnen; Diro, Ermias (PubMed, 2008)
Oral lesions are often characteristic in HIV patients and in the majority of cases can be diagnosed by their clinical features alone. To date there is no study addressing the prevalence of oral and perioral lesions in HIV patients in Ethiopia.To assess prevalence of oral and perioral manifestations, the clinical symptoms of oral disease, and to assess the association of oral and perioral lesions to the socio- demographic status and CD4 count of ART naive HIV patients.A cross-sectional study on 384 consecutive HIV patients before initiation of ARV treatment was conducted. Oral and perioral lesions were diagnosed according to the EC-clearinghouse's classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection and WHO collaborating centre on oral manifestations of HIV, 1992.One hundred and twenty six (32.8%) of the study subjects were males and 258 (67.2%) were females and mean age was 35.4 +/- 9.94 years (range of 14-84 years). Overall prevalence of oral lesions was 64.3%, and perioral lesions was 15.4%. Nearly half (44%) had dental caries. Pseudomembraneous candidiasis (20.1%), linear gingival erythema (11.7%), and erythematous candidiasis (9.1%) were the three most common HIV associated oral lesions. Angular cheilitis (8%) and molluscum contagiosum (4%) were the two most common perioral conditions. The most common oral symptoms reported were dry mouth (34.4%), difficulty eating (27.9%), and oral pain (27.3%). Oral symptoms and a CD4 count < 200 mm(-3) were significantly (X2 = 22.4, P = 0.0001) associated with presence of oral and perioral lesions. Age above 40 years (31%) was significantly associated with oral lesions (P = 0.016), but not with perioral lesions (P = 0.26).Oral and perioral lesions were common in HIV positive adults at Tikur Anbessa Specialized hospital and represent a treatable morbidity associated with this disease. Thus, a comprehensive oral examination is important in the clinical evaluation, management, and follow up of patients with HIV.
openalex: W1653848262 mag: 1653848262
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Teacher motivation and teacher performance in secondary schools of Jinja central division in Jinja district, Uganda. - Gwokyalya, Edith Baagala (2008)
A research thesis submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Masters in Education Administration and Management of Kampala International University
openalex: W3217595504 mag: 3217595504
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Code-variation among algerian university students - Haouès, Ahmed Sid; Harouni, Zahri (2008)
openalex: W2801497177 mag: 2801497177
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Officer Education at the South African Military Academy - Heinecken, Lindy; Visser, Deon (Armed Forces & Society, 2008)
This article reviews the status of military sociology in South Africa by examining where it is being taught and researched within sociology as a discipline and at the South African Military Academy (hereafter, Academy). The conclusion is reached that it has not been a prominent area of academic focus possibly because of the fact that at present only one civilian university's sociology department presents a related course. Looking at the historic development of the academic offerings at the Academy, at no time has military sociology been presented as a course, although it is masked within some of the other social science disciplines. Only recently has the relevance of military sociology as a discipline in its own right been acknowledged, and it appears as if it may well find a place in the education of young officers at the Academy in the near future.
openalex: W2099595796 mag: 2099595796
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Soil degradation by water erosion in a sub-humid West-African catchment: a modelling approach considering land use and climate change in Benin - Hiepe, Claudia (2008)
openalex: W856537333 mag: 856537333
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African Water: Supporting African involvement in the EU Framework Programme. Combined Report D1.1.1 Africa-specific training material and Report D1.1.2 Training Powerpoint Presentations - Houghton-Carr, Helen; Runnalls, Neil; Crowfoot, A. (2008)
openalex: W1764967472 mag: 1764967472
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Spectral P-wave magnitudes, magnitude spectra and other source parameters for the 1990 southern Sudan and the 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquakes - Hussein, H. M. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2008)
Teleseismic Broadband seismograms of P-waves from the May 1990 southern Sudan and the December, 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquakes; the western branch of the East African Rift System at different azimuths have been investigated on the basis of magnitude spectra. The two earthquakes are the largest shocks in the East African Rift System and its extension in southern Sudan. Focal mechanism solutions along with geological evidences suggest that the first event represents a complex style of the deformation at the intersection of the northern branch of the western branch of the East African Rift and Aswa Shear Zone while the second one represents the current tensional stress on the East African Rift. The maximum average spectral magnitude for the first event is determined to be 6.79 at 4 s period compared to 6.33 at 4 s period for the second event. The other source parameters for the two earthquakes were also estimated. The first event had a seismic moment over fourth that of the second one. The two events are radiated from patches of faults having radii of 13.05 and 7.85 km, respectively. The average displacement and stress drop are estimated to be 0.56 m and 1.65 MPa for the first event and 0.43 m and 2.20 MPa for the second one. The source parameters that describe inhomogeneity of the fault are also determined from the magnitude spectra. These additional parameters are complexity, asperity radius, displacements across the asperity and ambient stress drop. Both events produce moderate rupture complexity. Compared to the second event, the first event is characterized by relatively higher complexity, a low average stress drop and a high ambient stress. A reasonable explanation for the variations in these parameters may suggest variation in the strength of the seismogenic fault which provides the relations between the different source parameters. The values of stress drops and the ambient stresses estimated for both events indicate that these earthquakes are of interplate type.
openalex: W2095164757 mag: 2095164757
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Rural Livelihoods, HIV/AIDS and Women's Activism: The Struggle for Gender Equality in Primary Education in Uganda - Kakuru, Doris Muhwezi (Journal of international women's studies, 2008)
Abstract In Uganda, various stake holders including the government, NGOs, and women activists have undeniably played important roles in the combat for gender equality in primary education. However, there is evidence that success has not yet been realized. This article is based on research conducted to discover why gender inequalities in Uganda's Universal Primary Education persist despite deliberate measures to eradicate them. Two questions are addressed, namely: does HIV/AIDS contribute to the persistence of gender inequality in rural areas? What is the importance of linking theory and practice in women's activism in such a context? The findings reveal that HIV/AIDS affects household access to essential livelihood assets prompting responses and pathways incompatible with girls' schooling. These included girls' involvement in sex for economic gains, which obviously exposed them to the risk of contracting HIV. A vicious cycle of HIV/AIDS and gender inequality therefore exists despite women's protracted engagement in activism even in the era of HIV/AIDS. I argue that there is a need to refocus women's activism towards more practical rather than theoretical engagement. Apparently, there has been too much theorizing about the need to perceive the achievement of gender equality as a social justice issue. Such a perception must be accompanied by corresponding practice rather than just rhetoric. For example, the vicious cycle of HIV/AIDS and inequality could possibly be broken by a radical feminist movement capable of, not only advocating for, but also instituting practical measures to eradicate gendered discrimination at the household level to begin with. In addition, there is a need for the provision of better HIV/AIDS medical care and children's school requirements particularly in rural areas. There after, we shall comfortably count the achievements of women activism for educational gender equity in Uganda and Africa at large. Keywords: AIDS orphanhood; AIDS-induced Poverty; Educational Gender equality; Rural Livelihoods; Vulnerability, ethnography. Introduction Uganda is one of the countries that have made deliberate efforts to achieve gender equality in all aspects of life. These efforts are manifested in the guarantee of equality in the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (Government of Uganda 1995), the establishment of the Ministry in charge of women and gender affairs in 1986, the National Gender policy (1997), the National Action Plan of women (1999) among others. Within the education sector, various measures have also been put in place to facilitate the achievement of gender equality. These include the implementation of Universal Primary Education (UPE) in 1997. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the problem of educational gender inequalities remains unabated (see Kakuru, 2003; Kasente, 2003; Okuni, 2003; Kakuru, 2006). Several factors have been considered responsible for the persistence of educational inequalities including the work of patriarchal beliefs, practices and values (Kwesiga, 2003, Kakuru, 2006). HIV and AIDS have also featured among the factors reinforcing the existing forms of social inequalities including gender (Ellis, 2000; Barnett, 2004; Muller, 2004; Mohlahlane, 2006; Kakuru, 2007). Given that various initiatives have been put in place to facilitate the achievement of gender equality in education without much success, it is important to advocate for the need to refocus women's activism towards more practical rather than theoretical engagement. This paper reports on research which identifies the various ways in which household processes influence schooling in the face of HIV/AIDS and how the role of women's activism can be useful in changing the status quo. It begins with a brief explanation of the HIV/AIDS situation in Uganda and the nature of Ugandan feminism. I then provide a brief background on the rural livelihood context and methods used in the study. …
openalex: W1601889358 mag: 1601889358
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Centre for Bioequivalence Studies in East Africa. A case for Kenya. A proposal by the School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi. Engineering Capacity Building Program (ecbp) and Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (GTZ) - Kibwage, IO (2008)
openalex: W2567448925 mag: 2567448925
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Generation of Monthly Precipitation Under Climate Change for the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia^1 - Kim, Ungtae; Kaluarachchi, Jagath J.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2008)
Abstract: This work develops a methodology to project the future precipitation in large river basins under limited data and climate change while preserving the historical temporal and spatial characteristics. The computationally simple and reliable conditional generation method (CGM) is presented and applied to generate reliable monthly precipitation data in the upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia where rain‐fed agriculture is prevalent. The results showed that the temporal analysis with the CGM performs better to reproduce the historical long‐term characteristics than other methods, and the spatial analysis with the CGM reproduced the historical spatial structure accurately. A 100‐year time series analysis using the outcomes of the six general circulation models showed that precipitation changes by the 2050s (2040 through 2069) can be −7 to 28% with a mean increase of about 11%. The seasonal results showed increasing wet conditions in all seasons with changes of mean precipitation of 5, 47, and 6% for wet, dry, and mild seasons, respectively.
openalex: W1969370851 mag: 1969370851
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E-Learning Incorporation: An Exploratory Study of Three South African Higher Education Institutions - Kinuthia, Wanjira; Dagada, Rabelani (International journal on e-learning, 2008)
openalex: W1502495632 mag: 1502495632
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Dossier Interdisciplinarité. The case for interdisciplinary research and training in Agricultural Economics in Southern Africa - Kirsten, Johann F. (Natures Sciences Sociétés, 2008)
openalex: W1577925499 mag: 1577925499
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Educational Effects of an Extension Training Program on Training of Trainers for the Members of Farmer’s Development Associations in Upper Egypt - Maher, Hoda Mohamed (Alexandria Science Exchange, 2008)
openalex: W3155788363 mag: 3155788363
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Contribution of Compassion Internation Tanzania to Vulnalable Children in Accessing Education - Mgaya, Oscar; Njunwa, Supervisor: Mr. (2008)
openalex: W3203482109 mag: 3203482109
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Policies for computer and internet use: A roadmap for leveraging teaching in Nigeria higher institutions - Michael, Awoleye O.; Owolabi, Siyanbola W.; Ibikunle, Ogundari O. (2008)
Now that the readiness of students in Nigeria higher institutions regarding e-learning have been established in a previous work (Awoleye & Siyanbola, 2007) there is also a need for evaluation of teachers' skills vis-a-vis their preparedness towards online teaching. This work therefore measured both technical and attitudinal capacity (Pillay, et al., 2006) of the teachers across the institution types (the Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of education). In the overall, intensity of computer access is better than Internet access in all the institution types and the intensity of Internet access is better than personal office connectivity. Although there are varied levels of access relative to institution types, Nigerian university teachers have better access to computer (98.4% of all respondents) and the Internet (94.8% of all respondents) than their counterparts in the polytechnics and colleges of education. Furthermore, computer access is better in the polytechnics (96.4%) than in the Colleges of Education (87.7%). Further measurement with bias for age on teachers' technical proficiencies revealed that there would be no threat for continuity if online teaching were to be adopted. The research further showed that after the passage (which may be due to retirement) of the teachers who are over 50 years old, there are teachers between 41-50 years who will take over, thereby removing the burden of succession. Based on a number of issues identified, the research suggests some useful policy directions, which will enhance the use of computer and the
openalex: W1488839617 mag: 1488839617
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The Development of Academic Journals in Institutions of Higher Learning in Kano State, Nigeria - Mohammed, Ahmed (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2008)
Introduction Academic journals are a major medium through which research findings are published. Through publication in such journals, researchers communicate their methodologies and findings. The modern process of scholarly communication relies heavily books, monographs, and conference proceedings, but most commonly academic journals (Oluronsola 2001). The journal is fundamental to scholarly communication. In addition, status conferred by publication in highly-rated journals is essential to career of academics. Journals have remained essentially unchanged in form and function since their beginning. Science as we know it is scarcely imaginable without scholarly journal. It is of immense important to note that, through journal, researchers and academics access important information about recent developments in their field. Studies by Olurunsola and Opaleke (1997) reveal importance of publishing in scholarly journals for promotion and tenure. The primary function of academic journal is to report original research, making it available to rest of scholars within discipline, many are published by professional associations or universities. The Concept and History of Academic Journals Koepf (2001) describes journals as having a serious look. Articles are written by scholars within specific disciplines, language used is specific to discipline covered. It assumes some knowledge part of reader. Kronick (1976) maintains that a journal is usually addressed more limited audience than a newspaper does and is not as firmly bound to events of day. Milne (1999) defines scholarly communication as the social phenomenon whereby intellectual and creative activity is passed from one scholar to another. This can be formal or informal. Formal communication usually involves journal articles. According to Yahaya (1993), a journal refers to those periodicals created by any of following: * A constituted body: an educational institution, ministry, board, bureau, council, commission, library, center, academy, division, or department. * A specialized group: scientists, historians, educators, economists, archaeologists, linguists, folklorists, medical doctors * An interest group: student associations, religious group, trade union. Abba (2004) describes journals as periodicals issued by academic communities for a particular purpose or audience. This paper considers academic and scholarly journal to be same: publications dealing with matters of current interest to groups such as faculty members. The history of academic journals can be traced to 16th century AD. Wells (1999) reports that until late seventeenth century, communication between scholars depended personal contact and meetings arranged by learned societies (e.g. Royal Society of London). As membership of these society increased, it was harder to attend meetings, and proceedings circulated as a record of meeting. The proceedings became a place to publish papers that had not been presented at meeting. Thus, beginning of what we now recognize as scholarly journals. Ornstein (1963) states that, on January 5, 1665, Denis de Sallo published first western scholarly journal, titled Journal des scavans . MacDonell (1999) argues that Journal des scavans was not regarded as publication of academic community until 1903 when it came under auspices of Academic inscriptions et Belles-lettres of Institute de France. According to Ornstein (1963) major objectives of Journal were: * Publish current events in academia * Provide obituaries of famous men. * Catalogue and short description of books * Publish experiments in physics and chemistry, observations of astrological phenomenon. * Print decisions of tribunals and Universities. …
openalex: W2168376259 mag: 2168376259
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Reproductive Health Knowledge, Sexual Partners, Contraceptive Use and Motives for Premarital Sex among Female Sub-Urban Nigerian Secondary Students - Moronkola, O. A.; Fakeye, J. A. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2008)
Adolescents in sub-Saharan African countries constitute a large proportion of the population. They are sexually active, engage in unsafe reproductive health behavior with attendant consequences but lack appropriate reproductive health education. In the Nigeria Nation Reproductive Health Strategy Framework and Plan, the status of adolescents' reproductive health care is considered low. This study assessed reproductive health knowledge, sexual partners, contraceptive use, and motives for premarital sex among female sub-urban Nigerian secondary students. The study was cross-sectional, involving 500 senior secondary 1 and 2 female sub-urban students. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS. More than 70.0% of the respondents had knowledge of all reproductive health items; male and female condoms were popular contraceptives. At least 53.4% were sexually active and a majority (49.6%) had boyfriends as sex partners. Peer pressure (31.6%) and fun/pleasure (29.2%) were major motives for engaging in premarital sex. Majority (40.3%) terminated pregnancies through self-medication. Though respondents had knowledge of reproductive health, there is need to introduce health education (incorporating reproductive health education) as a core subject in schools as well as provision of youth-friendly health facilities.
openalex: W2010798241 mag: 2010798241
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Dust generation and drought patterns in Africa from helium‐4 in a modern Cape Verde coral - Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy; Kreycik, P. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2008)
We show that helium‐4 ( 4 He) concentrations in a modern Porites coral from Cape Verde provides a robust reconstruction of mineral dust loading over the Eastern Tropical Atlantic from mid‐1950's to mid‐1990's. The 4 He record demonstrates pronounced increases in dust emission from North Africa associated with the severe droughts in the Sahel. Our record provides direct evidence that dust emission rates in the 1950's, prior to the onset of the Sahel droughts, were a factor of nine lower than during 1980–84. This large change in dust emission rate indicates global aerosol contents would have increased by ∼45% over this period, which may have contributed to a reduction in solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. We find that dust emission from North Africa is most closely related to drought patterns, rather than to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns resulting from climate oscillations, such as North Atlantic Oscillations and El Nino/Southern Oscillation.
openalex: W2027675410 mag: 2027675410
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The gender factor in girls’ participation in high school education: a case study of Chuluni division, Kitui district, eastern province, Kenya - Mutuku, Magdalena Mueni (2008)
openalex: W2230658167 mag: 2230658167
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The volcanic environment for 40,000 years of human occupation on the Willaumez Isthmus, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea - Neall, Vincent E.; Wallace, Rod; Torrence, Robin (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2008)
The stratigraphic sequence of 22 tephra beds and their associated paleosols at two sites selected from our studies in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea provide the essential environmental background for understanding human responses to c. 40 ka years of volcanic activity. Lithology, grain size, and mineralogy of the tephras, interpreted for the first time, elucidate the varying volcanic provenance, especially of the Pleistocene beds, and the environmental conditions which former inhabitants experienced. This sequence provides an important long-term record of how humans coped with volcanic adversity in Papua New Guinea. The stratigraphic record contains abundant evidence for human settlement during the intervals between volcanic eruptions. Following plinian and subplinian eruptions, people abandoned the region for significant periods of time. In some cases, these cataclysmic events caused major cultural disasters characterised by local population extinction and loss of some significant types of cultural behaviour. Despite the punctuated record of settlement and changes in material culture, over the long-term, human populations found effective ways to maintain themselves within an active volcanic environment. Key responses included persistence of mobile and flexible settlement patterns, planned and staged uses of raw materials, social exchange, and increasing levels of landscape management.
openalex: W2041832099 mag: 2041832099
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A Questionnaire Survey On Use Of The Internet By Students Of The University Of Ibadan, Nigeria - Nwagwu, Williams E.; Adekannbi, Janet O.; Bello, Onilda Patricia de Sousa (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2008)
The study was carried out to examine use of Internet by students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria\'s premier higher educational institution. Adopting a sample survey research design, systematic sampling was used to select 560 students who are resident in the main campus hostels, and data was collected from the respondents using a self-developed questionnaire. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, it is shown that who the students communicate with varies significantly with age, gender and level of study while the various tools they use vary significantly with age, gender, faculty and level of study. Younger users (10-24 years old) use chat rooms more than their older colleagues. Across gender, educational purpose dominates reported use of the Internet, but it varies with age, level of study and faculty. Higher educational level is associated with less use of the Internet for leisure and entertainment. About 73% of the respondents considered the Internet information as useful while much less than this (44.4%) reported finding Internet information as trustworthy. Based on our result, we suggest discriminated Internet education programmes and access by faculty, level of study and gender in order to maximise the use of the Internet services by the students in the university. Keywords : use of Internet, user evaluation, University of Ibadan, Internet, Nigeria African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol. 11 (1&2) 2008: pp. 340-358
openalex: W1561194157 mag: 1561194157
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Development of a web-based virtual classroom system at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria - Ojokoh, BA; ., V.F. Balogun (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2008)
The Internet is about the biggest technological advancement since the industrial revolution, and has fundamentally changed virtually every sphere of life, including educational paradigms and practice. This research work harnessed the joint and several advantages of the Web and its tools to design and write programs that run in the browser to implement a cost effective collaborative virtual classroom system. In the research, Apache served as the web server; HTML was used to edit the web pages; Javascript for data validation; MySQL for creating the database tables; and PHP for writing CGI scripts. This paper focuses on the student module of the collaborative virtual classroom system, which was designed and implemented in the Computer Science department of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria. The system provides such facilities as University news and calendar, results checking, course registration, online admission, and teaching support tools. The system also facilitates easy updates and maintenance. African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science Vol. 18 (2) 2008: pp. 169-180
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Educating bilingual and multilingual librarians: a case of library and Information Science Education in Rwanda. - Olaka, Musa (Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 2008)
The importance and need for bilingual librarians is steadily being felt, but most library and information science (LIS) schools do not incorporate bilingualism in instruction. Rwanda is in a unique and complex setting in which bilingualism is being used in its LIS program. Such an education is ideal if our libraries are to have bilingual or multhingual librarians. However, this approach has many challenges when it comes to implementation, especially when the two languages of instruction do not happen to be the first language (L1) of the learner. This paper sets out to show how the bilingualism policy in Rwanda is affecting the LIS program and how it is being implemented in the program. Introduction There has been a need for bilingual and multhingual librarians as a result of the growth of library collections in foreign languages. The need was expressed as early as 1890 in the United States of America. Not only have these librarians been critical in cataloging information resources, they were also greatly needed as international and regional networks in the scientific community developed. Britain highlighted the need for bilingual librarians in the 1940s because they could save scientists' time in knowing the gist of articles published in foreign languages.1 In addition, more countries are now needing bilingual librarians than ever before because populations in these countries are continuously becoming diversified as a result of globalization and immigration.2 These librarians have thus become instrumental in offering effective reference service to users with limited language proficiency in addition to playing a critical role in enhancing reader's advisory service, and collection development.3 They are instrumental in helping users with low proficiency in the language spoken because such users tend to be fearful of using library services. In order to better serve these kind of users and to be effective, librarians who are to work in the public services section of the library ought to take classes in foreign languages.4 By 2005, there were 1 92 million international migrants worldwide.5 This led some individuals and organizations strongly advocate incorporating diversity among the library staff by recruiting multicultural librarians because the benefits are immense.6 From 1971 to 2001, there has been an increase in vacancies for youth services librarians in the United States, many requiring one to be at least bilingual.7 A similar situation is found in Canada where in 1998, 46% of the library vacancies that had been advertised in Quebec required the applicant to be bilingual.8 However, hiring bilingual or multhingual librarians can be a challenge. Establishing new positions requires sufficient finances; current library staff may resent reallocation of positions; and advertising for an ethnic-specific position may be in violation of labor and union rules or simply given low priority.9 In spite of these challenges, for the most part, libraries in the United States that employ bilingual librarians tend to employ native speakers of those languages.10 Some Hispanic/Latino librarians have felt discriminated against and libraries in some communities in the United States have cut services to Latinos in an emotionally charged context of illegal immigration. In spite of the constant discussion about the importance of having bilingual and multhingual librarians, there seems to be no study addressing intricacies involved in educating library and Information science (LIS) students in instances where neither of the two languages of instruction are the students' first language (Ll). The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into how bilingualism and multhingual policy in Rwanda affects the LIS education program and how this policy is being implemented in the program. Definition of Bilingual and Multhingual Bilingual education has variously been defined.12 In this paper, we are going to use the term bilingual as the use of two languages in instruction such as where learners are taught approximately 50% of the courses in one language while the rest are taught in another. …
openalex: W1519775192 mag: 1519775192
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Farmers’ Attitude to Nigerian Guinea Worm Eradication Health Education Programmes in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria - Olujide, M. G. (The Anthropologist, 2008)
This study focused on farmers attitude towards Nigerian Guinea Worm Eradication Health Education Programmes (NIGEP) in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty farmers were selected by simple random sampling through an interview schedule and data was collected using a set of predetermined questions. Findings revealed that 95.8 percent farmers perceived that guinea worm disease had effect on the level of agricultural production. About 71.7% had positive attitude towards Nigerian Guinea Worm Eradication Health Education Programmes. The result further showed that 72.5 percent of the farmers had positive perception of the activities of health educator. Gender, age, education level, marital status and religion did not significantly influence farmers’ attitude towards NIGEP’S health education programmes. Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between farmers’ perception on health educator activities and farmers’ attitude towards NIGEP health education. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that health education should be intensified to stem the spread of guinea worm. Besides, people living in the rural communities should be encouraged to make contributions towards solving known problems. Finally, government and Non-governmental organizations should provide financial assistance towards provision of more boreholes and hand-dug wells since safe source of water is universally acknowledged as the final panacea to water-borne diseases, including guinea worm.
openalex: W2185891755 mag: 2185891755
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Collective Ethos and Rhetoric of Polarization: Students’ discourse in France during the Algerian War - Orkibi, Eithan (Argumentation & analyse du discours, 2008)
Cet article analyse la construction de l’ethos collectif des étudiants français durant la guerre d’Algérie. Troublée par les événements, une partie importante au sein de la direction de l’Union Nationale des Étudiants de France (UNEF), seule organisation représentative du milieu étudiant à cette période, revendique la politisation de l’UNEF et la mobilisation de ses adhérents en faveur d’une paix négociée en Algérie en soutien des aspirations nationales du peuple algérien. A travers une production discursive exceptionnellement riche, les responsables étudiants de ce courant, promoteurs du syndicalisme étudiant, ont créé une nouvelle image du milieu étudiant dans l’intention de remplacer l’image folklorique de l’étudiant par celle d’un citoyen responsable politiquement engagé. Cette procédure de re-travail d’un l’ethos préalable a contribué à légitimer l’expression politique du groupe et a facilité la mobilisation de ses adhérents. Elle a été également utilisée dans une rhétorique de polarisation par laquelle les étudiants plus proches du syndicalisme se sont détachés de leurs adversaires de l’UNEF, défenseurs d’un corporatisme étudiant non-politique. Remplissant plusieurs objectifs rhétoriques, le nouvel ethos collectif des étudiants renvoie à une population en train de se massifier dans un contexte social et politique unique.
openalex: W115786054 mag: 115786054
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African Water: Supporting African involvement in the EU Framework Programme. Report D3.2.1 Training tours of African states. - Pietersen, Kevin; Crowfoot, A.; Houghton-Carr, Helen; Karar, Eiman; Runnalls, Neil (2008)
openalex: W1840042575 mag: 1840042575
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Thinking globally, acting locally — institutionalizing climate change at the local government level in Durban, South Africa - Roberts, Debra (Environment and urbanization, 2008)
Durban is unusual among cities worldwide in having a municipal government that has developed a locally rooted climate change adaptation strategy. This paper considers how climate change came to be considered by local government against four institutional markers: the emergence of climate change advocates among local politicians and civil servants; climate change as a significant issue in municipal plans; staff and funds allocated to climate change issues; and a serious consideration of climate change issues within local government decision making. Considerable progress has been achieved on the second and third of these — but less so on the first and fourth. The paper highlights how climate change issues need to be rooted in local realities that centre on avoiding or limiting impacts from, for instance, heat waves, heavy rainfall and storm surges and sea-level rise, and also the ecological changes and water supply constraints brought about by climate change. To date, international agencies have paid little attention to adaptation, as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) has been prioritized. This paper also stresses the importance of building local knowledge and capacity about climate change risks and adaptive responses. Without this, decision makers will continue seeing environmental issues as constraints on development rather than as essential underpinnings of and contributors to development.
openalex: W2093567609 mag: 2093567609
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Thinking globally, acting locally — institutionalizing climate change at the local government level in Durban, South Africa - Roberts, Debra (Environment and urbanization, 2008)
Durban is unusual among cities worldwide in having a municipal government that has developed a locally rooted climate change adaptation strategy. This paper considers how climate change came to be considered by local government against four institutional markers: the emergence of climate change advocates among local politicians and civil servants; climate change as a significant issue in municipal plans; staff and funds allocated to climate change issues; and a serious consideration of climate change issues within local government decision making. Considerable progress has been achieved on the second and third of these — but less so on the first and fourth. The paper highlights how climate change issues need to be rooted in local realities that centre on avoiding or limiting impacts from, for instance, heat waves, heavy rainfall and storm surges and sea-level rise, and also the ecological changes and water supply constraints brought about by climate change. To date, international agencies have paid little attention to adaptation, as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation) has been prioritized. This paper also stresses the importance of building local knowledge and capacity about climate change risks and adaptive responses. Without this, decision makers will continue seeing environmental issues as constraints on development rather than as essential underpinnings of and contributors to development.
openalex: W2093567609 mag: 2093567609
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

A multidimensional analysis of student writing in Black South African English - Rooy, Bertus van (English World-wide, 2008)
Evidence for the status of Black South African English (BlSAfE) as a variety of English is ambiguous. This paper examines 67 linguistic features of a corpus of BlSAfE student writing, the Tswana Learner English Corpus (TLE), in comparison to a Standard English reference corpus, the Louvain Corpus of Native English Speaking Students (LOCNESS), within the framework of Biber’s (1988) multidimensional model, to determine if evidence for indigenisation and systematicity exists. Linguistic features that occur more frequently in LOCNESS than the TLE suggest that LOCNESS is characterised by greater elaboration of information and information density, more syntactically complex subordination, more reference cohesion and more specialised meanings. The TLE shows evidence of greater involvement of reader and writer of the text, although some features of informality also occur in LOCNESS. Based on comparison of the coefficients of variation in the two corpora, it is concluded that they exhibit similar ranges of variation and that variety status cannot be denied to BlSAfE on the grounds of variability. The application of the multidimensional model shows that the reference corpus, LOCNESS, is similar to academic writing in four of the six dimensions, but differs in being more involved in style and more overtly persuasive. Superficially, the TLE appears to be quite similar to LOCNESS in terms of the various dimensions, but closer examination reveals a number of differences, which largely confirm the findings that were made on the basis of individual feature comparisons: The TLE carries a lower informational density, and information is more often presented in hypothetical ways. It shows a number of similarities with the style and the information processing strategies attributed to spoken registers, but it still remains very clearly distinguishable from spoken language. Many similarities between the corpora are observed, which should be attributed to the register features of student writing. The paper concludes that there is sufficient evidence to acknowledge BlSAfE as a variety of English, on the ground of the stylistic differences between the TLE and LOCNESS, particularly its greater interpersonal as opposed to informational focus, as well as discourse-functional differences in the use of linguistic forms.
openalex: W1482813267 mag: 1482813267
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VULNERABILITY AND IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PEAR PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA - S.J.E., Wand; Steyn, Wynand Jacobus Van der Merwe; Theron, Karen I. (Acta horticulturae, 2008)
openalex: W2081133258 mag: 2081133258
Keywords: openalex:import

Social Impacts of Globalisation on Development of Primar Education In Tanzania - Samson, Rosemary; Sospeter, Berling M. (2008)
openalex: W3199994431 mag: 3199994431
Keywords: openalex:import

Muzoka Ulya Kwendeenda: Climate Change and Migration in Southern Province of Zambia - Simatele, Mulala Danny (2008)
openalex: W2925283505 mag: 2925283505
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationships among Blood Pressure, Triglycerides and Verbal Learning in African Americans - Sims, Regina C.; Madhere, Serge; Gordon, Shalanda; Clark, Elijah; Abayomi, Kobi A.; Callender, Clive O.; Campbell, Anne A. (Journal of the National Medical Association, 2008)
Individuals at greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) display poorer cognitive functioning across various cognitive domains. This finding is particularly prevalent among older adults; however, few studies examine these relationships among younger adults or among African Americans.The objective was to examine the relationships among 2 cardiovascular risk factors, elevated blood pressure and elevated triglycerides, and verbal learning in a community-based sample of African Americans.Measurements of blood pressure and triglycerides were obtained in 121 African-American adults and compared to performance on 3 domains of the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II).Blood pressure was not related to CVLT-II performance. Triglyceride levels were inversely related to CVLT-II performance. Higher triglyceride levels were associated with poorer immediate, short delay and long delay recall.Consistent with studies involving older participants, the current investigation shows that in a nonelderly sample of African Americans, triglyceride levels may be related to cognitive functioning. Because early detection and intervention of vascular-related cognitive impairment may have a salutary effect, future studies should include younger adults to highlight the impact of cardiovascular risk on cognition.
openalex: W2151447219 mag: 2151447219
Keywords: openalex:import

Past reproductive performance and its correlation with perinatal mortality in the current gestation at teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. - Tilahun, Solomon; Gaym, Asheber (Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2008)
BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality remains a challenge in the care of pregnant women world wide particularly in low-resource settings. Each year 8 million perinatal deaths occur through out the globe; 98% of them in developing countries. Data on the frequency and distribution of adverse birth outcomes and their related risk factors are important for planning maternal and child health care services in developing countries. Such information is scarce from developing settings including Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation and predictive value of past reproductive performances to the risk of perinatal death occurrence in current pregnancy among mothers who came for delivery at the three hospitals of Addis Ababa. METHODS: Hospital-based case-control study of 390 delivering women conducted at the three teaching hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Control subjects (n = 260) were mothers with live birth and cases (n = 130) were those who experienced perinatal death during current delivery. Information on sociodemographic past pregnancy outcome current pregnancy/delivery and its outcome were collected. The difference in proportion was analyzed with Pearson chi square test. The possible confounding effects between independent variables were examined with bivariate and partial correlation analysis. The predictive ability to perinatal outcome of each model as a function of these risk factors was determined. RESULTS: After adjustment for maternal age parity address and gestational age of index pregnancy multivariate analysis showed the following independent variables to be associated with increased risk of perinatal deaths:–maternal illiteracy (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 0.93 - 9.4) and birth interval < 48 months (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 0.9 - 6.0) were marginally significant risk factors for perinatal mortality. Birth weight <2500gm (OR = 43.1; 95% CI = 12.0 - 154.6); lack of prenatal care (OR = 10.9; 95% CI = 2.3 - 51.6) and a history of past perinatal loss (OR = 10.6; 95% CI = 3.2 - 35.5) were consistently strong predictors of perinatal mortality in the current delivery. The predictive value (i.e. sensitivity and specificity) of a regression model of perinatal outcome as a function of these independent variables was 80% and 91% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate analysis has shown the aforementioned independent variables as predictors of nearly three-fifth of perinatal mortalities in the study population. Hence by implementing strategies directed to these risk factors it may be possible to reduce perinatal mortality by at least 60%. Therefore large community-based studies are recommended to validate the findings and to explain other unmeasured risk factors.
openalex: W1576071765 mag: 1576071765
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of Free Primary Education in Kenya - Tooley, James; Dixon, Pauline; Stanfield, James (Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2008)
Free primary education (FPE) is widely assumed to be required to ensure that the poor gain enrolment. After the introduction of FPE (from January 2003) in Kenyan schools, huge increases in enrolment were officially reported. However, our research, conducted 10 months after the introduction of FPE in and around the informal settlement of Kibera, Nairobi, suggests a less beneficial outcome. Although enrolment had increased in government primary schools, this needs to be balanced against a much larger reported decrease in enrolment in private schools in the informal settlement—the research found 76 private schools, enrolling 12,132 students, which are not on the official list of schools. Moreover, focus groups with parents reported dissatisfaction with government schools, and satisfaction with private schools, since FPE. The findings point to an alternative route to ensuring `education for all', by embracing, rather than ignoring, the role currently played by the private sector.
openalex: W2027399266 mag: 2027399266
Keywords: openalex:import

A Struggle to Bridge the Gap: Promoting African American Males in Teacher Education - Vaughn, Vance (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2008)
openalex: W2981939804 mag: 2981939804
Keywords: openalex:import

Technology-Assisted Reading for Improving Reading Skills for Young South African Learners. - Wyk, Gerda van; Louw, Arno (Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 2008)
This paper addresses the controversial issues of improving the reading skills of young learners through technology‑assisted reading programmes. On reporting the results of primary school learners from grade 2 to grade 7 who participated in a computer‑based reading programme for seven months, we try to answer the critical questions of whether computer‑assisted reading programmes should be embraced or avoided. We also have looked at the possible benefits of such an intervention apart from the improvement of reading skills. The poorly developed reading skills of South African learners slowly became evident over the last couple of years as teachers, parents, employers and professionals were confronted with this ongoing crisis. The Department of Education (DoE) stated that the South African youth do not read as well as their foreign counterparts and actions were put in place to address the growing problem. However, despite this acknowledgement, decision makers are still indecisive in effectively addressing the problem. Many theories exist on why children are reading impaired and who should accept responsibility for it. Data of the findings in this paper was collected over a period of seven months and reflects the reading results of learners who followed a combination of a computer‑based reading programme, visual accuracy and visual memory computer exercises as well as the application of specific paper‑based activities. Groups were small, with continuous personal intervention and communication from the facilitator with each learner. This paper also qualitatively reflects on the additional benefits or negative experiences of learners who participated in the electronic reading programme. The qualitative data was accumulated from interviews with learners and teachers involved. The efficacy of the reading programme was evaluated through continuous assessment of learners' performance on different aspects of reading, including reading speed, reading comprehension, spelling and language. The reading results obtained were compared with the initial reading assessment before implementing the programme. The overall experience of learners who participated in this programme provided valuable information in evaluating the reading programme as a whole. Results obtained from this study indicate that improvement in reading speed, comprehension and spelling was unique to every learner individually. The benefits beyond the improvement of reading skills obtained as a result of the programme encompass many areas of the learners' development, such as social learning, collaborative learning, finer perceptual motor skills, confidence and a general improvement in marks in other subjects. This paper attempts to provide insights into the value and challenges of computer‑assisted reading for primary school learners and into the importance of adapting teaching methods in response to a crisis.
openalex: W2584652415 mag: 2584652415
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Issues in implementing the In - In - Out Programme in the teacher training colleges in Ghana: A case study of Tamale Training College - Yakubu, Bukari (2008)
openalex: W2971935740 mag: 2971935740
Keywords: openalex:import

STUDIED OF TOLERANCE OF SOME EGYPTIAN COTTON CULTIVARS FOR DROUGHT (WATER STRESS) - Yehia, W. M. B.; Menshawie, M. El (Journal of Plant Production (Print), 2008)
openalex: W3165139368 mag: 3165139368
Keywords: openalex:import

Utilization of dental services in a population of Nigerian University students - Ajayi, EO; Ajayi, YO (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2008)
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the utilisation of dental services among Nigerian university students. Method: A questionnaire based on modified World Health Organisation questions on utilisation was administered to 375 second-year undergraduate students of the college of medical sciences of the University of Benin to determine their utilisation of dental services. Results: The results revealed only 14.1% of the subjects had utilised dental services in the past one year with a significant higher dental care use by the females than males (p
openalex: W2015174226 mag: 2015174226
Keywords: openalex:import

Frequency of endodontic treatment in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Ajayi, YO; Ajayi, EO (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2008)
Objective: To determine the frequency of endodontic treatment in dental patients treated in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Method: A survey of 470 patients undergoing endodontic treatment at the conservative clinic of the department of restorative dentistry of Lagos University Teaching Hospital was conducted to determine the frequency of endodontic treatment for each tooth, number of males versus females that needed endodontic treatment and the frequency of root canal therapy in the maxilla compared to mandible. The data on age, sex of patients, date of treatment and tooth treated were retrieved from patients\' dental records. Results: Endodontic treatment was carried out on a total of 490 teeth. The frequency of endodontic treatment was more in the females (56.4%) compared to males (43.6%). 58% of the treated teeth were maxillary teeth and 42% were mandibular teeth. There was predominance of endodontic treatment in the molars (49.8%) with the lower first molar being the most frequently treated and accounted for 18.8% of teeth treated. Conclusion: A high proportion of endodontic treatment was now frequently performed on molars in patients treated at Lagos University Teaching Hospital dental centre which suggested the availability of more dentists with better facilities to attend to patients that needed endodontic treatment. Keywords: Endodontic treatment, root canal therapy, frequencyNigerian Dental Journal Vol. 15 (2) 2007: pp. 98-101
openalex: W2042332446 mag: 2042332446
Keywords: openalex:import

Utilization of dental services among secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria - Akaji, EA; Oredugba, FA; Jeboda, SO (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2008)
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of dental visits among secondary school students in Lagos State and to identify factors influencing the use of these services. Materials and Method: The study was a cross- sectional one comprising of secondary school students aged 10-19 years in Lagos State. They were selected by a multistage sampling method from 4 secondary schools in 2 (1 Urban and 1 Rural) Local Government Areas of the state. After obtaining an informed consent, a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was filled after by each student. Data were collected on their demographic characteristics, visit(s) to the dentist in the previous 12 months, reasons for these dental visits, factors preventing subsequent dental visit and barriers to visiting the dentist for those who made no previous visit. The data collected were analyzed with an SPSS version 11.5 using Chi square statistics to test for association and differences. Results: Five hundred and two students aged 10-19 years (mean 14.1 ± 0.22) participated in the study. The students had a dental visit prevalence of 14.9% in the previous 12 months, with 69.3% of the visits prompted by pain. The dental visit prevalence varied significantly with age (p = 0.019), being higher (18.1%) in the younger age group (10-14 years) than 10.5% in the older age group (15-19 years). Reasons for no previous visits ranged from “No dental problem” to “fear of the dentist. Eighteen out of the 75 who made previous dental visits were dissatisfied with the treatment received hence refused to visit again. Conclusion: The level of utilization of dental services was very low and the standard measure of one visit per year to the dentist was not met. There is need for a “School oral health program” which will promote oral health awareness and encourage routine dental checkups among these students. Keywords: Dental services, utilization, students, NigeriaNigerian Dental Journal Vol. 15 (2) 2007: pp. 87-91
openalex: W2054969085 mag: 2054969085
Keywords: openalex:import

Internet access and use among Nigerian dental students - Ayanbadejo, P O; Sofola, OO; Uti, Omolara (Nigerian Dental Journal, 2008)
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine access to internet /e-mail and its usage among Nigerian clinical dental students in year 4 to year 6. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving clinical dental students in year 4 to year 6 of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Information obtained from the students include demographic data, access to computers, access to the internet, internet usage, attitude to internet as a supplemental resource in dental education. Result: Only 35% of the students in this study owned a personal computer presently. Other sources of computer access were at home (35.6%), roommates (21.8%), dental school/college library (7.9%) . Only 35.6% of the respondents had access to the internet at home, with majority (60.4%) accessing it from cyber cafés. Twenty-five per cent used the internet more than once a week while 43.4% accessed it only once a week. Nearly 30% rarely accessed the internet. Eighty-eight per cent used the internet for sending e-mails while only 38% used this facility for literature search(i.e. academic purposes). Students in higher levels of study significantly used the internet often especially for literature search (p< 0.05). Nearly all students (95%) possessed e-mail addresses though only 26% accessed it more than once a week. About 90% would like the internet used as a supplement in dental education. Conclusion: There is a need to improve internet usage for academic purposes for our students .The availability of computers and unhindered access to the internet by clinical students in Nigeria would be beneficial to update their knowledge and share experiences with their global peers. Keywords: Internet access, Nigerian dental students.Nigerian Dental Journal Vol. 15 (2) 2007: pp. 94-97
openalex: W2044642431 mag: 2044642431
Keywords: openalex:import

Uterine Leiomyoma – An Appraisal Of Presentation And Management Outcome At The University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City - Aziken, ME; Ikhena, G; Osemwenkha, AP (Annals of Biomedical Sciences, 2008)
The clinical presentation and management outcome of 262 cases of uterine fibroids managed in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 5 year period was retrospectively analysed. Uterine fibroids constituted about 10.3% and 18.9% of new gynaecological admissions and surgeries respectively. It was commoner amongst nullipara or low parity women (67.9% i.e.178/262) and within the 3rd and 4th decade of life (68.7% i.e. 180/262). Majority of the patients presented with abdominal swelling (56.9%) and menorrhagia (53.8%). Myomectomy was done in 69.9% while hysterectomy was performed for 30.1% of cases. Anaemia (13.7%), pyrexia (20.2%) and prolonged hospital stay (24.6%) were the major post operative morbidities suffered by the patients. Uterine fibroid is a significant gynaecological problem that afflicts women in the reproductive age group in our environment. Surgery, in form of myomectomy or hysterectomy remains the main treatment modality in this centre, with anaemia, pyrexia and prolonged hospital stay constituting major post-operative complications, particularly with myomectomy. Keywords:Uterine fibroids, myomectomy, hysterectomy, post-operative complicationsAnnals of Biomedical Sciences Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 10-17
openalex: W2009447543 mag: 2009447543
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Geochemistry of volcanic and plutonic rocks from the southern Musoma-Mara greenstone belt: Implication for the evolution of the Tanzania craton - Charles, Wilson Messo (2008)
openalex: W2396501987 mag: 2396501987
Keywords: openalex:import

Dietary micronutrients are associated with higher cognitive function gains among primary school children in rural Kenya - Gewa, Constance; Weiss, Robert E.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Whaley, Shannon E.; Sigman, Marian; Murphy, Suzanne P.; Harrison, Gail G.; Neumann, Charlotte G. (British journal of nutrition, 2008)
With the exception of iodine and Fe, there is still very limited information on the effect of micronutrients on cognitive function, especially among school-age children. The present analysis evaluates the relationship between dietary Fe, Zn and B vitamins (B12, B6, folate and riboflavin) and gains in cognitive test scores among school children in rural Kenya. Data for the present study were obtained from The Child Nutrition Kenya Project, a 2-year longitudinal, randomised controlled feeding intervention study using animal source foods. Dietary nutrient values were based on monthly and bimonthly 24 h recall data collected during the study period. In longitudinal regression analyses, available Fe, available Zn, vitamin B12 and riboflavin showed significant relationships with improved cognitive test scores, after controlling for confounders such as energy intake, school, socio-economic status and morbidity. Available Fe intake was associated with significantly higher gains in Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices test scores over time. Available Zn intake was associated with significantly higher gains in digit span-total test scores over time, while vitamin B12 and riboflavin intakes were each associated with significantly higher gains in digit span-forward test scores over time. This analysis demonstrates the influence of improved dietary micronutrient status on school children's cognitive function.
openalex: W2169318027 mag: 2169318027
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Baseline knowledge, practices and experiences of traditional birthd attendants (TBAs) on HIV/AIDS before commencement of training for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in South West Nigeria - Inem, Victor; Kanu, Rugiatu; Atere, A. A. (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2008)
openalex: W2066507567 mag: 2066507567
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of human bites of the oro-facial region and the indigenous mode of resolution of the resultant conflict: University of Benin Teaching Hospital experience. - Madukwe, IU; Obuekwe, ON; Ojo, MA (Nigeria Dental Journal, 2008)
Human bite, especially involving the oro-facial region with the attendant aesthetic damage and psychological morbidity, would ordinarily attract legal action. The objective of this report is to present the pattern of human bite of the oro-facial region observed in patient victims at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and to highlight the contribution of the indigenous mode of resolution of the resultant conflict. In a three year prospective study (2000 - 2003), six cases of oro-facial assault presented. The lower lips was involved in five of the six cases, the upper lip in one case while the nose was involved in one of those involving the lower lip. In all the six cases, there was indigenous social support and no legal action. It is concluded that the traditional support of this concept led to the early peaceful resolution of the conflicts in this community Keywords: Human bite, oro-facial regionNigerian Dental Journal Vol. 15 (1) 2007: pp. 52-55
openalex: W1963715711 mag: 1963715711
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern Of Neurological Disorders In Child Neurology Clinic Of The University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria - Ofovwe, GE; Ibadin, MO (Annals of Biomedical Sciences, 2008)
The management and rehabilitation of children with neurological disorders is not only expensive but challenging due to lack of adequate facilities and personnel in various relevant disciplines. Allocation of resources for the management of these disorders especially in resource poor countries demands an audit of the pattern of the disorders from time to time. The records of children attending the Child Neurology Clinic (CNC) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) were evaluated to determine the pattern of neurologic disorders. Seven hundred and ninety - nine children (mean age ± SD of 54.7 ± 49.9 months) were seen between 1998 and 2006. Males accounted for 56.7% while 43.3% were females. Most of the Children 69.1% were aged 5years and below while 19.1% and 11.8% were aged between 5 and 10 years and above 10 years respectively. Cerebral palsy accounted for majority (33.4%) of the cases seen followed by epilepsy 30.3%, post infectious neurologic disorder 5.5% and speech disorder 5.3% respectively. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder accounted for 2.1%. Other disorders seen include acute flaccid paralysis, autism, developmental delay, headache, mental retardation, HIV encephalopathy, cranial neuropathy, Erb Duchene paralysis, deafness, cerebella ataxia, conversion disorder, polyneuritis, syncope, Tic disorder and tuberous sclerosis. Concerted effort at the training of speech, occupational therapists and clinical psychologists to meet some of the challenges in rehabilitation and management of these children and their families is suggested. Keywords: Pattern, Neurologic Disorders, children, Benin CityAnnals of Biomedical Sciences Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 18-27
openalex: W2047526939 mag: 2047526939
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Environmental Education and Research in Africa - Ogunseitan, Dele (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2008)
openalex: W3005389279 mag: 3005389279
Keywords: openalex:import

Study on prevalence and nutritional effect of Helminthis infection in pre-school rural children in Nigeria - Runsewe-Abiodun, TI; Olowu, AO (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2008)
Helminthiasis and malnutrition have remained major problems especially in the tropics. In view of this, this study sets out to determine the relationship between Helminthic infection and nutritional status of preschool children in the rural area where majority of them live as well as the prevalence of Helminthic infection. The study was a community-based cross sectional survey. Three hundred and five children attending a daycare centre and pre-primary home lessons in a rural community- Ode Remo, Ikenne Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria were recruited for the study. Out of these, fecal samples from only two hundred and twenty-six of them were considered suitable for analysis. Saline suspension of stool specimens from the children was examined under the microscope. The stool specimens were positive for intestinal helminth in 116 cases (51.3%). Of this, the majority with positive yield, forty-eight (41.3%) was from age group 48-60 months. Eighty-six (74.1%) of the children whose stool was positive for helminth were malnourished. Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest intestinal helminth in 38.1% of the cases. There is a strong association between parasitic infection and malnutrition (χ2=13.84, p value=0.02). In conclusion, helminthiasis remains a common health problem among preschool children in the rural area. Its association with malnutrition dictates that urgent steps need to be taken to prevent children from being infested if under-five mortality is to be reduced. This may be achieved through improvement in sanitary conditions of the environment, and nutrition of the child.Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 54 (1) 2008: pp.16-20
openalex: W2015159229 mag: 2015159229
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