The SAGE Handbook of African American Education - Tillman, Linda C. (2008)
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Noise-induced hearing loss in a paper mill in KZN, South Africa - Viljoen, Christina Adriana (2008)
It is well documented that repetitive exposures to high intensity sound can cause acoustic trauma to the ear resulting in hearing loss, and that occupational noise is a significant cause of adult-onset hearing loss. Research world wide has indicated a significant number of workers with hearing loss attributed to noise exposure. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) claims are responsible for the majority of occupational disease payouts. The study was undertaken in order to determine the extent of hearing loss due to noise exposure that could be ascribed to excessive exposure to noise, and to describe the noise-induced hearing loss by severity, type of work, and area of work and duration of service. The cross-sectional study included 466 workers employed in a pulp and paper mill in KwaZulu Natal (KZN) South Africa. It involved the assessment of 932 individual audiograms to diagnose noise-induced hearing loss and the calculation of the percentage loss of hearing from pre placement to the year 2005. Audiometry results were presented for noise-induced hearing loss in relation to area of work, duration of service, categories of severity and age group. The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss in the pulp and paper mill was 21% (98/466) and with 79% (368/466) of workers whose audiograms returned results not indicating NIHL. 75 workers were excluded due to workplace transfers. Type of work, area of work and years of service correlated significantly with a diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. As a department, the wood yard (which included the wood chipping facility, maintenance workers and workers with 10 – 20 years of service) showed the most significant association. In
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WORKLOAD-BASED INDICATORS OF STAFFING NEED (WISN) FOR HEALTH TUTORS INTWO PUBLIC HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN UGANDA - Kitanda, Jonathan (2008)
Ugandan public Schools of Clinical Officers (SOCOs) face a serious problem of understaffing with qualified tutors, despite there being sufficient numbers in the country. Poor staffing of training institutions affects the quality of the graduates produced by the schools and eventually dictates poor quality provided by the health workers. This study set out to determine the workload-based staffing needs for two schools, determine the effects of understaffing and coping mechanisms adopted by the schools and the students. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) methodology developed by the WHO, conducted in June 2006 in Mbale and Gulu SOCOs. Respondents were 150 students (75 per school), tutors and officials at the Ministries of Health and that of Education and Sports. The study identified severe tutor staffing in both schools (22 calculated against 8 present in Gulu and 24 against 12 present in Mbale). Both schools depend heavily on part-time tutors and their substitute Clinical Instructors, as well as other coping mechanisms such as out-of-hours and holiday teaching. The quality of teaching has suffered, with syllabi not completed and some key subjects not taught. The major cause of understaffing was non-appointment of tutors due to slow bureaucratic decision-making and other poor working conditions in the Education sector, compounded by poor school administration. Students cope by photocopying notes from previous students and sister schools or by privately hiring tutors in their free time. The paper recommends urgent appointment of tutors, improved funding for the schools, improved terms of service for tutors and improved school administration practices.
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A Decade of Development and Education in Africa: The Promise of Open and Distance Learning - Pityana, N. Barney (2008)
Open and Distance Learning is an idea whose time has come. It is spearheading an innovative, technology-driven wave of education provision, both public and private, that is rendering international and national borders increasingly porous and challenging traditional and existing notions of dedicated spaces for face-to-face education versus so-called “distance” education. I say “education provision” advisedly, because as we all know, ODL is not confined to the higher education domain, or to the traditional dedicated distance education institutions. Its promise and possibilities are also being explored and implemented by many schools and residential universities that are faced with the same kinds of technological advances, constraints, dynamics and challenges as those that have caused traditional distance education institutions to turn to ODL models of provision. Parallel to that we find a burgeoning wave of private education providers who are also tapping into the promise of ODL. With its hallmark flexibility and adaptability, ODL is traversing new domains and opening up hitherto impossible opportunities for many whose circumstances would otherwise have consigned them to the graves of lost opportunity and wasted intellect.
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Nigeria, Special Education in - Mogaji, Andrew (2008)
Nigeria, Special Education in Andrew A. Mogaji, Andrew A. Mogaji University of LagosSearch for more papers by this author Andrew A. Mogaji, Andrew A. Mogaji University of LagosSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470373699.speced1475 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Abosi, C. O. & Ozoji, E. D. (1985). Educating the blind. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. Google Scholar Akinpelu, J. A. (1994). Education for special groups. In O. O. Akinkugbe (Ed.), Nigeria and education: The challenges ahead. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. Google Scholar Eniola, N. S. (2000). General introduction to special education: Professional practice I. Ibadan: The Centre for External Studies, University of Ibadan. Web of Science®Google Scholar Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004). National Policy on Education. Lagos: NERDC Press. Google Scholar Encyclopedia of Special EducationBrowse other articles of this reference work:BROWSE A-Z ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Africa, Sub‐Saharan, Special Education in - Mpofu, Elias; Engelbretcht, Petra; Jere, Jaqueline; Mutepfa, Magen M.; Shumba, Almon; Tchombe, Therese Mungah Shalo; Teferra, Tirussew (2008)
Africa, Sub-Saharan, Special Education in Elias Mpofu, Elias Mpofu Pennsylvania State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPetra Engelbretcht, Petra Engelbretcht University of StellenboschSearch for more papers by this authorJaqueline Jere, Jaqueline Jere University of ZambiaSearch for more papers by this authorMagen M. Mutepfa, Magen M. Mutepfa Zimbabwe Schools Special Services and Special Education DepartmentSearch for more papers by this authorAlmon Shumba, Almon Shumba University of KwaZulu-NatalSearch for more papers by this authorTherese Tchombe, Therese Tchombe University of Yaounde 1Search for more papers by this authorTirussew Teferra, Tirussew Teferra Addis Ababa UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Elias Mpofu, Elias Mpofu Pennsylvania State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPetra Engelbretcht, Petra Engelbretcht University of StellenboschSearch for more papers by this authorJaqueline Jere, Jaqueline Jere University of ZambiaSearch for more papers by this authorMagen M. Mutepfa, Magen M. Mutepfa Zimbabwe Schools Special Services and Special Education DepartmentSearch for more papers by this authorAlmon Shumba, Almon Shumba University of KwaZulu-NatalSearch for more papers by this authorTherese Tchombe, Therese Tchombe University of Yaounde 1Search for more papers by this authorTirussew Teferra, Tirussew Teferra Addis Ababa UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470373699.speced0063 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Encyclopedia of Special EducationBrowse other articles of this reference work:BROWSE A-Z RelatedInformation
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Africa: East and Southern, Special Education in - Mpofu, Elias; Oakland, Thomas; Chimedza, Robert (2008)
Africa: East and Southern, Special Education in Elias Mpofu, Elias Mpofu Pennsylvania State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorThomas Oakland, Thomas Oakland University of FloridaSearch for more papers by this authorRobert Chimedza, Robert Chimedza University of ZimbabweSearch for more papers by this author Elias Mpofu, Elias Mpofu Pennsylvania State UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorThomas Oakland, Thomas Oakland University of FloridaSearch for more papers by this authorRobert Chimedza, Robert Chimedza University of ZimbabweSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470373699.speced0061 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Encyclopedia of Special EducationBrowse other articles of this reference work:BROWSE A-Z RelatedInformation
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Palestinian Children and Youth in the Gaza Strip, Special Education and - Oakland, Christopher (2008)
Palestinian Children and Youth in the Gaza Strip, Special Education and Christopher Oakland, Christopher Oakland New York City, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Christopher Oakland, Christopher Oakland New York City, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470373699.speced1535 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Encyclopedia of Special EducationBrowse other articles of this reference work:BROWSE A-Z RelatedInformation
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South Africa, Special Education in - Pretorius, Jennifer Dawn (2008)
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Africa, Special Education in - Shown, Dakum (2008)
Africa, Special Education in Dakum Shown, Dakum Shown University of Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author Dakum Shown, Dakum Shown University of Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470373699.speced0062 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Encyclopedia of Special EducationBrowse other articles of this reference work:BROWSE A-Z RelatedInformation
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LibGuides: African American Studies: Education - Knowlton, Steven (2008)
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Research Guides: African American Studies: Education - Knowlton, Steven (2008)
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He role of urban forestry in mitigating climate change and performing environmental services in Tanzania - Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.; Mhagama, Musa Leonard; Muheto, R.; Andrew, Samora M. (Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation, 2008)
The possibility of global climate change, due to increasing levels of CO2 concentrations is one of the key environmental concerns today, and the role of terrestrial vegetation management has received attention as a means of mitigating carbon emissions and climate change. In this study tree dimensions and assessment of plant species composition were used to quantify the potential of urban ecosystems in acting as carbon sink and mitigating climate change through carbon assimilation and storage and the potential of the system to enhance biodiversity conservation taking Morogoro Municipality as a case study. Biomass/carbon models for trees were developed and used to predict biomass/carbon storage based on tree diameters. The model was in the form B = 0.5927DBH1.8316 (r2 =0.91, P Senna siamea, Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Pithecelobium dulce and Mangifera indica . Apart from being natural amenity the tree species also act as CO2 sink through photosynthesis and areas of ex-situ conservation of plant diversity. Urban forestry can store large amount of carbon in addition to biodiversity conservation especially where they cover extensive areas like parks, gardens and avenues managed over long periods, as is the case in urban ecosystems. Improved management of urban forests will likely improve the potential for carbon storage by terrestrial vegetation as a means of mitigating CO2 emissions and climate change as well as biodiversity conservation. Keywords : Urban forestry - carbon emission - mitigation options - carbon sequestration - Biomass. Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation Vol. 77 2008: pp. 25-34
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Accreditation outcomes, quality of and access to university education in Nigeria - Alani, Ramoni; Ilusanya, Gboyega (Quality Assurance in Education, 2008)
Purpose In response to the challenges of enhancing quality, the agency of government which is responsible for coordinating university education in Nigeria, the National Universities Commission, evolved a system of academic programme accreditation in 1991 to ensure conformity with minimum standards and to promote quality. The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcomes of some of those accreditation exercises and how they have influenced the quality of and access to university education. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses secondary source data from accreditation reports of 1999, mop up exercises and accreditation re‐visitation of 2000‐2005 and that of November 2005. Findings The mean percentage of programmes with full accreditation status was found to have increased from 12.6 in 1999 to 48.5 in 2005, that of programmes which got interim accreditation decreased from 72.66 in 1999 to 48.30 in 2005, while the one for programmes which were denied accreditation decreased from 17.9 in 1999 to 9.5 in 2005. Federal universities had more programmes with full accreditation and less programmes with denied accreditation status. State universities had less number of programmes with full accreditation and higher number with denied accreditation status. Generally, the results showed that accreditation status of most academic programmes improved in subsequent accreditation exercises, meaning that the deficiencies noticed were remedied. The programmes that were denied accreditation caused a reduction in the number of vacancies for student admission. Research limitations/implications The paper focuses on federal and state universities only. Private universities are excluded. Practical implications The paper suggests that the universities in Nigeria should be closely monitored for their academic programmes to scale the accreditation hurdle. Originality/value The paper shows that accreditation of academic programmes helps to improve the quality of university education.
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Enhancing Botswana Children’s Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices through the School Civic Clubs - Ajiboye, Josiah O.; Silo, Nthalivi (International journal of environmental and science education, 2008)
An intervention study was set up through the School Civic Clubs to improve Botswana Children’s environmental knowledge, attitudes and practices. The underlying assumption in using this informal approach was based on the premise that the school time table is already overcrowded and that the infusion approach currently adopted in the country has not produced the desired results. Hence, the Civic Clubs were introduced into ten Primary schools in Botswana. Using this informal approach, the children were given requisite training in civic and environmental issues, and they engaged in various activities for a period of six weeks. Data was collected before and after the project activities using two hundred members of the civic clubs and two hundred non-members of the club. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive analyses. Findings indicate a significant change in the knowledge and attitudes of the pupils after their exposure to the club activities. Also, there was a significant difference in the knowledge of pupils exposed to the EE club activities and those not so exposed. The interaction of pupils’ gender and class of study were also examined. Teaching children environmental issues through the School Civic Clubs was explored in the study, and the findings seem to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach as against the more theoretical classroom-based teaching currently going on in schools. The use of the Civic Clubs in promoting environmental education was therefore advocated by the study, both in Botswana and in other countries.
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Keep them in school: the importance of education as a protective factor against HIV infection among young South African women - Pettifor, Audrey; Levandowski, Brooke A.; MacPhail, Catherine; Padian, Nancy; Cohen, Myron S.; Rees, Helen (International Journal of Epidemiology, 2008)
To identify risk factors for HIV infection among young women aged 15-24 years reporting one lifetime partner in South Africa. Design In 2003, we conducted a nationally representative household survey of sexual behaviour and HIV testing among 11 904 young people aged 15-24 years in South Africa. This analysis focuses on the subset of sexually experienced young women with only one reported lifetime sex partner (n = 1708).Using the proximate determinants framework and the published literature we identified factors associated with HIV in young women. The associations between these factors and HIV infection were explored in multivariable logistic regression models.Of the young women, 15% reporting one lifetime partner were HIV positive. In multivariable analyses, young women who had not completed high school were more likely to be infected with HIV compared with those that had completed high school (AOR 3.75; 95% CI 1.34-10.46).Young South African women in this population were at high risk of HIV infection despite reporting only having one lifetime partner. Few individual level factors were associated with HIV infection, emphasizing the importance of developing HIV prevention interventions that address structural and partner level risk factors.
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Does exposure to dental education change the perceptions of Nigerian students to dentistry as a profession? - Sofola, OO; Uti, Omolara; Akpene, O. I. (European Journal of Dental Education, 2008)
To assess any effect of exposure to dental education and training on the perception and acceptance of dentistry by dental students at a Nigerian dental school.The study was conducted by means of an anonymous self-administered questionnaire distributed to second-, fifth- and sixth-year dental students at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. Participation was voluntary and 67 students agreed to participate in the study. Majority (51%) were aged between 24 and 27 years. The questionnaire contained questions on demography, preferred choice of course on admission, attempts at change of course, their present perception to dentistry and future dental practice.Over 90% of them were admitted through the Joint admission and matriculation board and 40 (60%) chose Medicine as their first course choice. Of the 40, 18 had attempted a change of course and eight were still interested in a career change (four were in the fifth year). Most of the change in attitude occurred in fourth year. Sixty (90%) intend to practice dentistry but 38 (63%) of these would like to practice outside Nigeria.Exposure to dental training appears to improve students' perception about dental practice but uncertainty about future prospects in Nigeria may lead to brain drain in the dental profession.
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Measuring Service Quality in South Africa Higher Education: Developing a Multidimensional Scale - Gbadamosi, Gbolahan; Jager, Johan de (2008)
Increased competition in the educational environment has contributed to the growing importance of service quality measurement at higher education institutions. This paper investigates aspects of service quality in higher education as a step towards developing a standardised scale for its measurement. Using structured questionnaires, survey data was collected from students (n = 391) from two South African universities. Findings indicate that the service quality in higher education scale is a multidimensional construct loading on 13 factors with reasonable reliability coefficient and some construct validity. Significant relationships were found among a number of study variables. Some further research directions were suggested and policy implications discussed.
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Rethinking Open and Distance Learning for Development in Africa - Omolewa, Michael (2008)
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UN warns of millions at risk of starvation in drought stricken Ethiopia, Somalia, and Afghanistan - Zarocostas, John (The BMJ, 2008)
The United Nations has warned that millions of people face life threatening shortages of food, aggravated by the global food price crisis, in drought stricken Ethiopia, Somalia, and Afghanistan. Emergency humanitarian aid is desperately needed to avert another calamity, the UN says. John Holmes, the UN’s emergency relief coordinator, said that 4.6 million people are in need of help in Ethiopia, including 75 000 children suffering from acute malnutrition. “Urgent intervention” was needed to save their lives, he said. Sir John, who also heads the UN’s task force on the food crisis, said that 2.6 million people were in “desperate need” of humanitarian assistance in Somalia, currently affected by drought and conflict. …
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Experiencing social work education in England: an African student perspective - Tedam, Prospera (2008)
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Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Rural School Children in Kenitra, Morocco - Hioui, M. El; Ahami, Ahmed Omar Touhami; Aboussaleh, Youssef; Rusinek, Stéphane; Dik, K.; Soualem, A.; Azzaoui, Fatima-Zahra; Loutfi, Hamid; Elqaj, M. (East African journal of public health, 2008)
Objective: To determine the prevalence of anaemia and factors associated with iron deficiency among school children in rural Kenitra, Morocco. Methods: 295 students between 6 and 16 years old composed the study group. The level of haemoglobin was measured in a group of 295 school children. The iron status was determined by ferritin level in serum, and anaemia was defined when haemoglobin Keywords : Anaemia, Iron deficiency, Serum ferritin, School children, Morocco East African Journal of Public Health Vol. 5 (2) 2008: pp. 62-66
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Paediatric cancers at Butare University Teaching Hospital in Rwanda - Makanga, M; Ayinkamiye, M.A.; Ngendahayo, Louis; Kakande, I (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2008)
Background : Cancer is an important cause of mortality in many of the economically developed nations of the world. More than 10% of all deaths in children below 15 years of age are caused by malignant diseases in developed countries. In the developing world, childhood cancers are yet to be recognized as a major pediatric illness due to several other competing causes of death like diarrheal illness and respiratory illness. Methods : A descriptive retrospective study of children admitted for cancer in Butare Teaching Hospital over a 7 years period (January 1999-December 2005) was carried out The study population included 36 children aged 0-15 years admitted with cancer at Butare university teaching Hospital. Data was analyzed using Epi data, SPSS11,5 computer programs. Results : The average age of our patients was 5.9 years with the youngest patient being 5 month old. The peak incidence of cancer was found in the 0-5 years age group and accounted for 21 patients (58, 3%). The Male to Female sex ratio was 1.7: 1. The most common types of cancer were: Burkett’s lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Treatment included surgery for 17 patients(47.2%), chemotherapy for 4 patients (11.1%), surgery combined with post-operative chemotherapy for 1 patient (2.7%), the association of pre-operative chemotherapy + surgery + post-operative chemotherapy for 1 patient (2.7%) and palliative care for 13 patients (36.1%). The average length of hospital stay was 36.6 days ranging from 2 to 510 days. The hospital mortality rate was 27.7%. Recommendation : The creation of an oncology department and a National cancer Register are recommended.
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Childhood bone and soft tissue tumours: A review of 43 treated at two University Teaching Hospitals in Rwanda (CHUB and CHUK) in RWANDA - Makanga, M; Majyambere, Jean-Paul; Kakande, I (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2008)
Back ground : Cancer represents one of the major causes of death in the world estimated at 1 out of 10 deaths. Globally, 160,000 children are diagnosed to have cancer each year. In the developing countries, one child out of two with cancer will die because of this disease mostly because they present with advanced disease or due to limited resources for proper management 1,2 . This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, the histological types and the management outcome of childhood bone and soft tissue tumours in Rwanda Methods : A retrospective descriptive study of 43 histologically confirmed cases of bone and soft tissue tumours in children was done in the Surgery Departments of University Teaching Hospitals (CHUB and CHUK). The period of study was 6 years from January 2001 to December 2006. Only children aged 16 years or below were included in the study. Data was obtained from patients clinical files, pathology register and theatre registers. Information obtained was recorded using a special questionnaire; Data obtained was analyzed using Epidata 2.1b, SPSS 11.5 computer programs. Statistic test Pearson Chi-carre (P) was considered significant if P value was less than or equal to 0.05. Results : During 6 years period, 43 children aged 2 to 16 years were seen having bone and soft tissue tumours. Males accounted for 28 (65.1%) of the cases. The 10 to 16 year age group was predominantly affected, accounting for 72% (n=31) of all cases.. Pain and swelling were the main clinical signs in 100%of cases. Tumours were benign in 17 (40%) and malignant in 26 (60%) of cases. History of local trauma and pain was associated with malignant bone tumours (P=0.003 and P=0.000), respectively (n=23). Delay time between the onset of symptoms and consultation to hospitals was associated with death for malignant tumours (P=0.049). The bones were affected in 76.7% (n=33), being malignant in 23 (69.7%)of them. The hospital mortality rate was 18% for malignant tumours. Pulmonary and bone spread of the disease were observed in all fatal cases. Conclusion : Limitation of diagnostic and therapeutic means and lack of an oncology department that would provide chemotherapy and radiotherapy) in our University teaching hospitals (CHUB and CHUK) made the management of malignant tumours and the follow up after discharge inadequate, unsuitable and difficult.
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Stress and harassment among theatre nurses at the University Teaching Hospital in Zambia - Munthali, James; Bowa, Kasonde; Odimba, B.F.K. (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2008)
Background : The study was undertaken to determine whether occupational stress is a problem among theatre nurses in Zambia. Methods : A total of 75 theatre nurses where asked to answer a self administered questionnaire on stress. Results : Nearly all (98%) of the nurses admitted to stress being a major problem in their job. The major causes of stress were identified as being low pay, heavy work load and the surgeons. Overall, 84% of them felt that the single main source of stress was low pay while 29% attributed their stress to the surgeons as being their major cause of work place stress. Personal harassment by the surgeons was reported by 75% of theatre nurses. The nurses identified verbal abuse by surgeons to be the main form of stress experienced. Sixty eight percent of nurses said that stress had resulted in some form of physical illness. Recommendation : More emphasis in surgical training programs is required on etiquette and attitude towards theatre staff. The Medical Council and Surgical Society should take a more active in educating surgeons and protecting nursing staff in order to reduce work place stress.
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Road Traffic Injuries at Kigali University Central Teaching Hospital, Rwanda - Twagirayezu, E; Teteli, R; Bonane, Alex; Rugwizangoga, E (2008)
Background : Injury and deaths due to road traffic crashes are a major public health problem in developing countries. More than 3000 people die on the world's roads every day. Tens of millions of people are injured or disabled every year. Children, pedestrians, cyclists and the elderly are among the most vulnerable of road users. More than 85% of all deaths and 90% of disability adjusted life years lost from road traffic injuries occur in developing countries. Road traffic injuries in developing countries particularly affect the productive (working) age group (15-44 years) and children. Among children aged 0-4 and 5-14 years, the number of fatalities per 100 000 population in low income countries was about six times greater than in high income countries in 1998. Police data for Rwanda has revealed a decline in the number of road traffic accidents. This reduction in number of RTA has been attributed to the vigilance of Traffic Police, This study was aimed at determining the pattern of road traffic injuries seen at Kigali. Methods : This was a retrospective descriptive study done at Kigali Central University Teaching Hospital in the Department of Emergence and in the Trauma hospitalization wards. Records of all cases of road traffic injuries were retrieved and studied.Data collected was filled in a standard form in which data obtained was recorded. Parameters studied included the age, sex, place of residence, province of origin, means of transport used. Results : Of the 1101 road traffic accident victims, 558 (50.7%) were in the 16 to 30 age group. Only 7.2% of the cases were aged 46 years and above with only 21 (1.9%) being above 60 years. Table 3 shows the socio-demographic findings among patients with road traffic injuries seen at Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK). There was a predominance of males accounting for 78.7% with a male to female ratio of 3.7: 1. Most patients (90.2% were residents of Kigali city. Most patients came to CHUK without going through the established referral systems (Table 4). The commonest injuries were wound and contusions (54.7%), lower limb injuries (41.9%) and head injury (29.4%). There were 103 deaths (9.4% mortality rate). Fifty eight (56.3%) of the deaths occurred before arrival to hospital
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The current state of e-learning at universities in Zimbabwe: opportunities and challenges - Chitanana, Lockias; Makaza, Daga; Madzima, Kudakwashe (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2008)
E-learning is gaining some ground in University education throughout the world. Currently, a large number of universities world–wide support e-learning in different forms. Despite this wide spread adoption of e-learning in university education, research on e-learning adoption suggests that it has not reached its full potential. This paper discusses the opportunities that exist and challenges that hinder the successful adoption of e-learning technology as a medium of instruction at selected universities in Zimbabwe. The findings and comments provided are expected to help universities develop their e-learning strategies. The participants of this study are university lecturers who are beginning to use e-learning. The results indicate that e-learning at most of the universities is still at its infant stage. This research exposes a number of reasons for the limited successes, which are related to infrastructural development, support and pedagogical considerations for e-learning. Universities are investing more and promoting administrative software at the expense of Learning Management Systems (LMS) software that supports teaching and learning. This study recommends that professional development programs with emphasis on e-learning pedagogies as well as the establishment of e-learning support structures should be promoted.
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The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi - Makoka, Donald (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2008)
Vulnerability to poverty in Malawi is highly associated with risk. Households face multiple shocks, most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their welfare. Among the important risks that rural households face is drought, which is exacerbated by environmental change. This study analyzes the impact of drought on household’s vulnerability using a two-period panel dataset of 259 rural households in Malawi. In the framework of vulnerability as expected poverty, the study employs the methodology proposed by Christiaensen and Subbarao (2004). The results show that recurrent drought makes households more vulnerable to the extent that households that were affected by drought in both periods were twice as vulnerable as those who experienced drought in only one period. Policies that are aimed at building poor households’ resilience to recurrent drought hold more promise of enabling the households cope with this livelihood-threatening hazard.
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The impact of drought on household vulnerability: The case of rural Malawi - Makoka, Donald (MPRA Paper, 2008)
Vulnerability to poverty in Malawi is highly associated with risk. Households face multiple shocks, most of which threaten their livelihoods and impact negatively on their welfare. Among the important risks that rural households face is drought, which is exacerbated by environmental change. This study analyzes the impact of drought on household’s vulnerability using a two-period panel dataset of 259 rural households in Malawi. In the framework of vulnerability as expected poverty, the study employs the methodology proposed by Christiaensen and Subbarao (2004). The results show that recurrent drought makes households more vulnerable to the extent that households that were affected by drought in both periods were twice as vulnerable as those who experienced drought in only one period. Policies that are aimed at building poor households’ resilience to recurrent drought hold more promise of enabling the households cope with this livelihood-threatening hazard.
openalex: W1702029487 mag: 1702029487
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Rhyolites of the Mbépit Massif in the Cameroon Volcanic Line: an early extrusive volcanic episode of Eocene age - Wandji, Pierre; Seuwui, Dieudonné Tchokona; Bardintzeff, Jacques-Marie; Bellón, Hervé; Platevoët, B. (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008)
openalex: W1991426770 mag: 1991426770
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Chromatium species: an emerging bioindicator of crude oil pollution of tidal mud flats in the Niger Delta mangrove ecosystem, Nigeria - Essien, Joseph P.; Antai, S. P. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2008)
openalex: W2053262018 mag: 2053262018
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Sub-Saharan African University Students’ Beliefs about Condoms, Condom-use Intention, and Subsequent Condom Use: A Prospective Study - Heeren, G. Anita; Jemmott, John B.; Mandeya, Andrew; Tyler, Joanne C. (AIDS and Behavior, 2008)
Whether certain behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs predict the intention to use condoms and subsequent condom use was examined among 320 undergraduates at a university in South Africa who completed confidential questionnaires on two occasions separated by 3 months. Participants' mean age was 23.4 years, 47.8% were women, 48.9% were South Africans, and 51.1% were from other sub-Saharan African countries. Multiple regression revealed that condom-use intention was predicted by hedonistic behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs regarding sexual partners and peers, and control beliefs regarding condom-use technical skill and impulse control. Logistic regression revealed that baseline condom-use intention predicted consistent condom use and condom use during most recent intercourse at 3-month follow-up. HIV/STI risk-reduction interventions for undergraduates in South Africa should target their condom-use hedonistic beliefs, normative beliefs regarding partners and peers, and control beliefs regarding technical skill and impulse control.
openalex: W1987109951 mag: 1987109951
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Gastric malignancies and associated pre-malignant lesions in a teaching hospital in South West Nigeria - Komolafe, Abiola Olubusola; Ojo, O. S.; Bj, Olasode (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008)
The histologic types of gastric malignancies and other associated histopathological indices in gastric biopsies received at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria were determined. The study was retrospective and it involved collecting all slides on all available cases of gastric biopsies over a period of ten years and reviewing them to screen for gastric malignancies and associated pathologies of the stomach. Out of 107 cases of gastric malignancies reviewed, 102 (95.3%) were carcinomas, 3 (2.8%) were sarcomas and 2 (1.9%) cases were lymphomas. Of 102 cases of carcinomas, 36 (35.3%) were tubular adenocarcinomas, 14 (13.7%) cases were papillary adenocarcinomas, 22 (21.6%) cases were mucinous adenocarcinomas, 9 (8.8%) cases were signet carcinomas, and 21 (20.6%) were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. One hundred and two (95.33%) cases of gastric malignancies were in the pyloric antrum, 3 (2.80%) were in the gastric cardia, and 1 case each (0.93%) in the corpus and fundus. Sixty-four (60%) of cases showed moderate to numerous Helicobacter pylori. Mild chronic gastritis was seen in 11 (10%) cases, moderate chronic gastritis was seen in 75 (70%) of cases, and severe chronic gastritis was seen in 16 (15%) cases. Five (5%) cases were indeterminate. Mild glandular atrophy was seen in 5 (5%) cases, 32 cases (30%) showed moderate glandular atrophy, 1 (1%) case of severe glandular atrophy was seen. Intestinal metaplasia was seen in 17 cases (16%). Peptic ulcer disease was not seen in any of the cases.
openalex: W1946406070 mag: 1946406070
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Gender Equity in Junior and Senior Secondary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (2008)
openalex: W4242551598
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Gender Differences In Agriculture Extension Services And Training Programmes In Western Kenya - Mbagaya, GM; Anjichi, VA (Global Approaches to Extension Practice: A Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2008)
It is estimated that women produce more than 60% of the food grown for consumption and sale and a large proportion of the nonfood cash crops in sub-Saharan Africa yet they receive little or no support from mainstream agricultural extension services. This paper reports findings of a study on gender differentials in extension services and training programmes in Western Kenya. Using a cross-sectional study design, data was collected from a random sample of 300 farmers, 85 field extension officers, 16 agricultural officers from 3 Farmers Training Centers (FTC\'s) and one agriculture institute in the province. Over half (78.3%) of the extension staff in the province were men and only 23.5% women. In majority (59.5%) of the households, men owned land compared to 29.5% and 11% that was either jointly owned or by women. Access to extension information was dominated by 47.5% of the men while only 27.5% of the women had access. Over half (65.5%) of the extension staff preferred dealing with women. This was attributed to the presence of women on the farms and their ability to adopt information and new technologies faster than men. Training in the FTC\'s indicated that majority of those trained (62.5%) were men. Student\'s records at Bukura Institute of Agriculture revealed that 69.3% of those being trained were men while 30.7% were women. Findings show that despite the women\'s important role in agricultural production, disparities exist in the delivery of extension services and training programmes in the province. The need to train, deploy and target women and men in extension services is emphasized. Keywords: gender differences, agricultural extension services, training programmesGlobal Approaches to Extension Practice Vol. 3 (2) 2007: pp. 122-130
openalex: W2022081850 mag: 2022081850
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New directions in African education: Challenges and possibilities - Nungu, Musembi (Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education, 2008)
openalex: W2266670625 mag: 2266670625
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Policy topics: Policies for girl students and realities for women journalists in Ethiopia context - Abbera, Hibiete (総合政策研究, 2008)
openalex: W636203948 mag: 636203948
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Psychological reactions to Israeli occupation: Findings from the national study of school-based screening in Palestine - Abdeen, Ziad; Qasrawi, Radwan; Nabil, Shibli; Shaheen, Mohammad (International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2008)
Children exposed to violent war-like and repeated political violence often experience a continued threat to life and their sense of safety, as well as a disruption of daily functioning. The purpose of the study was to examine the psychological impact of exposure to Israeli occupation on Palestinian school children in the West Bank and Gaza, Palestine. We assessed the association between exposure to occupation and the severity of posttraumatic symptoms and the inter-relationship between posttraumatic symptoms, functional impairment, somatic complaints, and coping strategies in school children. Palestinian students ( n = 2100) from grades 9—11 were screened from both the West Bank ( n = 1235) and Gaza ( n = 724) and responded to self-report questionnaires. Results showed that extensive exposure to violence was associated with higher levels of posttraumatic distress and more somatic complaints in both the West Bank and Gaza regions. More Gaza than West bank students reported symptoms meeting the criteria for PTSD, and more girls than boys in both groups reported somatic complaints. Thus, school-based screening can be an effective method for case identification of students showing PTSD symptoms as a result of exposure to political violence.
openalex: W2142340227 mag: 2142340227
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SOME POLICY ISSUES IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - Alani, Rose (Interscience management review, 2008)
The paper examines three issues relating to university education in Nigeria. The first is the provision of the National Policy on Education, enacted in 1977, which specifies 60:40 science/arts ratio in student admission and enrolment. The second is the student/teacher ratios recommended for the exiting universities by the National Universities Commission. The last is the issue of access to university education which has always attracted global attention. The paper assesses the extent to which the universities have achieved the science/arts ratio in student admission and enrolment. It compares the actual and there commended student/teacher ratios and points out that there is divergence between the two. The paper also argues that the demand for university education out-striped its supply and that geographical imbalance exists in the demand for university places. The paper then highlights the policy measures taken by government to address the issues raised, makes some recommendation and concludes that the problems confronting university education must be addressed.
openalex: W3095760431 mag: 3095760431
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Intestinal parasitic infections in adolescent girls from two boarding schools in southern Benin - Alaofè, Halimatou; Zee, J.A.; Dossa, Romain; O’Brien, Huguette Turgeon (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2008)
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI), especially helminths, represent a major public health problem that increase iron deficiency anaemia in developing countries. This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and nutritional consequences of IPIs in 180 adolescent girls aged 12–17 years living in two boarding schools in southern Benin. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis of blood and faecal samples. The relationships between socioeconomic indicators, IPIs and iron status were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Fifty percent of the subjects were infected with at least one IPI: 2% with helminths, 41% with protozoa and 7% with two or more intestinal parasites. Adolescent girls from a large family and those whose mothers were manual workers showed a higher risk of intestinal parasitism (odds ratio (OR) = 3.5, 95% CI 2.5–5.2 (P = 0.02) and OR = 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–3.0 (P = 0.03), respectively). Likewise, drinking untreated water was also a high risk factor for infection (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–2.4; P = 0.03). No significant association was observed between IPIs and iron deficiency or iron deficiency anaemia, which can be explained by the low wormload observed. These findings reinforce the need to involve mothers in health initiatives to control intestinal parasitism in Benin.
openalex: W1965384993 mag: 1965384993
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Iron status of adolescent girls from two boarding schools in southern Benin - Alaofè, Halimatou; Zee, J.A.; Dossa, Romain; O’Brien, Huguette Turgeon (Public health nutrition (Wallingford), 2008)
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world, particularly in developing countries. Blood samples and a qualitative FFQ on Fe- and vitamin C-rich foods were obtained in 180 adolescent girls aged 12 to 17 years living in two boarding schools from south Benin. ID, defined as serum ferritin either 73 micromol/l or transferrin saturation<20%, was found in 32% of subjects. Anaemia (Hb<120 g/l) was found in 51% of adolescents, while 24% suffered from iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) (ID and Hb<20 g/l). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, mother's and father's occupation, household size) in a logistic regression equation, subjects having a low meat consumption (beef, mutton, pork) (<4 times/week) were more than twice as likely to suffer from ID (OR=2.43; 95% CI 1.72, 3.35; P=0.04). Adolescents consuming less fruits (<4 times/week) also had a higher likelihood of suffering from ID (OR=1.53; 95% CI 1.31, 2.80; P=0.03). Finally, subjects whose meat consumption was low were twice as likely to suffer from IDA (OR=2.24; 95% CI 1.01, 4.96; P=0.04). The prevalence of ID represents an important health problem in these Beninese adolescent girls. A higher consumption of Fe-rich foods and of promoters of Fe absorption (meat factor and vitamin C) is recommended to prevent ID deficiency in these subjects.
openalex: W2108963133 mag: 2108963133
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Education and Development of the Structural Engineer in Nigeria: Some Gaps in the System - Alutu, O.E.; Iruansi, Osimen (Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 2008)
The process of education and learning from experience is a whole-life process. Nwagwu 1976 sees education as a powerful instrument designed for human improvement and to prepare people for work and life. Fafunwa 1982 believes that African education is traditionally multilateral and that the end objective is to produce an individual who is honest, responsible, skilled, cooperative, and self-reliant. This is only achievable if the universities are properly equipped and adequately funded. In Nigeria, there was a steady growth in per capita real government educational expenditure from 1970 to 1976, after which a continual decline set in to date. The trend after 1976 is a cyclic decline showing growing underdevelopment or falling levels of educational standards in both quantity and quality. The negative impact on education, according to a report by the Federal Ministry of Education 2000 , has occurred particularly in the area of funding. 1. The establishment of many tertiary institutions, including polytechnics, colleges of education, and universities, most of which could not be adequately funded, resulting in a sharp fall in standards; 2. The crises in the educational sector resulting from nonpayment of teachers’ salaries, strikes, cultism, irregular school calendar, and overall decline in the provision of human and material resources for education; and 3. The deterioration and dilapidation of infrastructural facilities in the school systems. Consequently, the Nigerian universities, many of which could compete favorably internationally and were highly regarded, are now barely functioning, and their products are required to undergo remedial courses before they can be admitted to further studies or employed overseas. Locally, in both the public and private sectors, their fresh graduates are compelled to go through elaborate, rigorous remedial training program. Similarly, the business world, the employer of university graduates, is aware of these shortcomings in Nigerian university products. A recent survey conducted by employers of university graduates reported by Maduekwe 2005 found that 1. University graduates are poorly trained and are unproductive on the job; 2. Graduate skills have steadily deteriorated over the past decade; and
openalex: W2145456633 mag: 2145456633
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Pedagogy in Music Education in Kenyan Preschools: Music Education from the Perspective of Gene ralist Teachers - Andang'o, Elizabeth J. A. (2008)
In Suthers, L. (Ed) Proceedings of the 13th International ISME Early Childhood Music Education Commission Seminar , July 14-19, Frascati, Rome, Italy
openalex: W2586438461 mag: 2586438461
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‘Farming on the edge’ in arid western South Africa: climate change and agriculture in marginal environments - Archer, Emma; Oettlé, Noel; Louw, Rhoda; Tadross, Mark (Geography, 2008)
Agriculture in southern Africa is predicted to be particularly severely affected by climate change, and hence is considered a priority area for creating an enabling environment for adaptation. The study presented here, based in the arid Suid Bokkeveld region of South Africa, aims to increase the resilience of small-scale tea farmers in responding to climate change, using as a starting point existing local adaptive capacity, while recognising the utility of external knowledge such as climate projections. Using participatory research methods as well as biophysical monitoring of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), results presented in this article show current and projected impacts of climate variability and climate change, as well as current adaptive strategies and gaps, or constraints, in farmers' ability to adapt.
openalex: W2899842157 mag: 2899842157
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Evolution of a magma-driven earthquake swarm and triggering of the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai eruption, as resolved by InSAR, ground observations and elastic modeling, East African Rift, 2007 - Baer, Gidon; Hamiel, Yariv; Shamir, G.; Nof, Ran N. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008)
An earthquake swarm struck the North Tanzania Divergence, East African Rift over a 2 month period between July and September 2007. It produced approximately 70 M > 4 earthquakes (peak magnitude Mw 5.9), and extensive surface deformation, concurrent with eruptions at the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. The spatial and temporal evolution of the entire deformation event was resolved by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations, owing to a particularly favorable acquisition programming of the Envisat and ALOS satellites, and was verified by detailed ground observations. Elastic modeling based on the InSAR measurements clearly distinguishes between normal faulting, which dominated during the first week of the event, and intermittent episodes of dike propagation, oblique dike opening and dike-induced faulting during the following month. A gradual decline in the intensity of deformation occurred over the final weeks. Our observations and modeling suggest that the sequence of events was initiated by pressurization of a deep-seated magma chamber below Oldoinyo Lengai which opened the way to lateral dike injection, and dike-induced faulting and seismicity. As dike intrusion terminated, silicate magma ascended the volcano conduit, reacted with the carbonatitic magma, and set off a major episode of explosive ash eruptions producing mixed silicate-carbonatitic ejecta. The rise of the silicate magma within the volcano conduit is attributed to bubble growth and buoyancy increase in the magma chamber either due to a temporary pressure drop after the termination of the diking event, or due to the dynamic effects of seismic wave passage from the earthquake swarm. Similar temporal associations between earthquake swarms and major explosive ash eruptions were observed at Oldoinyo Lengai over the past half century.
openalex: W2091877358 mag: 2091877358
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O2-01-07: Factors associated with conversion to dementia or normal among Yoruba subjects diagnosed as cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) in Ibadan, Nigeria - Baiyewu, Olusegun; Lane, Kathleen A.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.; Ogunniyi, Adesola; Gureje, Oye; Gao, Sujuan; Hendrie, Hugh C.; Hall, Kathleen (Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2008)
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) is a transitional stage between normal functioning in the elderly and dementia. Patients diagnosed CIND are at high risk of progressing to dementia. The study population consists of Yoruba age 65 and older at study baseline enrolled in the Indianapolis-Ibadan Dementia Project. At each wave, subjects were diagnosed as CIND, Demented, or Normal. For this analysis, subjects were included if diagnosed CIND for the first time at any wave and were again diagnosed at a subsequent wave. Cognitive score and informant score from the CSI-D, self-reported medical co-morbidities and neuropsychological test scores from the first wave of data collection for those who remained CIND were compared separately with those who converted to Dementia and those who reverted to Normal using logistic regression adjusted for age at diagnosis. Of the 293 CIND subjects identified with a follow-up diagnosis 2 to 3 years later, 157 (53.2%) were stable CIND, 89 (30.4%) reverted to Normal, and 47 (16.0%) progressed to Dementia. Self-reported co-morbidities and neuropsychological scores were not significantly associated with either outcome. Higher cognitive scores at the first diagnosis protected against later progression to Dementia (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82–1.00; p-value=0.0471) but had no effect on reverting to Normal (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98–1.15; p-value=0.1186). Poorer informant scores (indicating more dependency in daily activities) at the first diagnosis were not significantly associated with progression to Dementia (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.97–1.23; p-value=0.1434) but were significant for decreased likelihood of reverting to Normal (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77–0.98; p-value=0.0175). Age at diagnosis was only significant for progression to Dementia (p<0.05). CIND has been characterized as heterogeneous. These results support this conclusion. In 2 to 3 years of follow-up, 16% of CIND subjects progressed to Dementia whereas 30.4% reverted to Normal. Higher baseline cognitive performance and younger age were associated with less progression to Dementia, while poorer baseline functional scores were associated with less reversion to Normal.
openalex: W2038948187 mag: 2038948187
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From Mainstream to East African Charter: East African Muslim Students' Experiences in U.S. Schools - Basford, Letitia (2008)
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. Major: Education, Curriculum, and Instruction. Advisor: Martha Bigelow. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 196 pages.
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Investigation of the 1716 Algiers (Algeria) earthquake from historical sources - Benouar, Djillali; Abdessemed-Foufa, Amina (2008)
openalex: W2477860567 mag: 2477860567
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The Potential of Drama and Songs as Channels for AIDS Education in Africa: A Report on Focus Group Findings from Ghana - Bosompra, Kwadwo (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2008)
Among those concerned with fighting AIDS worldwide, it is agreed that the best weapon to change people's behavior is education. In this educational effort, all available channels have to be explored. In Ghana, the Health Education Division (HED) of the Ministry of Health set up three drama troupes to carry out AIDS education on a pilot basis. This study evaluates the impact of one of the troupes on AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior using the focus group research approach. The findings confirm that drama about a well thought out AIDS-related theme does increase knowledge about AIDS and promotes commendable attitudes toward AIDS. It could also lead to changes in sexual behavior. The study also revealed that songs with AIDS-related themes could serve as important cues to "healthful" action in the environment by reminding listeners to adopt safer sexual behaviors.
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Changing gender profile of medical schools in South Africa. - Breier, Mignonne; Wildschut, A. (PubMed, 2008)
Since 1994, higher education policy has been committed to equity of access for all, irrespective of race and gender.We investigated progress towards these goals in the education of medical doctors, with an emphasis on gender.Databases from the Department of Education (DoE), Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and University of Cape Town (UCT) Faculty of Health Sciences were used to explore undergraduate (MB ChB) trends at all eight medical schools and postgraduate (MMed) trends at UTC.Nationally women have outnumbered men in MBChB enrollments since 2000, figures ranging between 52% and 63% at seven of the eight medical schools in 2005. However, the rate of change in the medical profession lags behind and it will take more than two decades for female doctors to outnumber male doctors. A study of UCT postgraduate enrollments shows that females had increased to 42% of MMed enrollments in 2005. However, female postgraduate students were concentrated in disciplines such as paediatrics and psychiatry and comprised no more than 11% of enrollments in the surgical disciplines between 1999 and 2005.The study provides a basic quantitative overview of the changing profile of medical enrollments and raises questions about the career choices of women after they graduate and the social factors influencing these choices.
openalex: W2133124313 mag: 2133124313
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Participation politics: African parents’ negotiation of social identities in school governance and its policy implications - Brown, Byron A.; Duku, Ntombozuko (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2008)
Although there is evidence of parental participation in school governance in South Africa, the question of how these parents manage their participation in these affairs is largely unanswered. This question represents one of the major exclusions in the existing reflections on the school governance debate in the country. Using a qualitative approach, this study investigated the underlying dynamics of social identity as a factor in parents’ engagement in school governance in 10 schools in the Eastern Cape. It provides evidence of the fragmented and dynamic nature of social identity and how it shaped behaviours among the parents. While challenging many contemporary social theories, the paper suggests several implications for policy re‐formulation.
openalex: W2013583085 mag: 2013583085
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Assessing the security implications of climate change for West Africa : country case studies of Ghana and Burkina Faso - Brown, Oli; Crawford, Alec (2008)
Traditionally seen as an environmental and an energy issue, climate change is now also being cast as a threat to international peace and security. Africa, though the least responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, is seen as the continent most likely to suffer its worst consequences -a function of the continents reliance on climate-dependent sectors (such as rain-fed agriculture) and its history of resource, ethnic and political conflict. There have been some attempts to construct scenarios of the security implications of climate change at a global scale, but local experts in the subject countries are rarely consulted. This paper attempts to address this research gap with a focus on two West African countries: Ghana and Burkina Faso. Three scenarios (a best case, a medium case and a worst case) were presented to local experts from a variety of different sectors. Using these three scenarios as a basis for discussion, the participants were asked to discuss the implications of each scenario across six different sectors: agriculture and food security, productive systems and exports, water, natural disasters and risk management, migration, and health. Seven broad findings are identified by the study. These include: Ghana and Burkina Faso already face considerable development challenges from existing economic, population and environmental stresses climate change is not new to West Africa; the Sahelian region in particular and the region in general are characterised by some of the most variable climates on the planet future climate change will likely make many current development challenges more complex and urgent. Ghanas National Communication on Climate Change identified water, agricultural crops and coastal zones as sectors and areas particularly vulnerable. Burkina Fasos National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) identified water, agriculture, stockbreeding and forestry/fisheries as the most vulnerable sectors there are links between climate change and security in the region and there is anecdotal evidence that climate change has already been associated with conflict in West Africa only in the extreme scenarios does climate change begin to present a determining factor in future economic and political instability adaptation to climate change needs to be integrated within wider plans for development assistance, and the additional costs for that adaptation need to be funded with new money so as not to undercut development priorities elsewhere
openalex: W2955759087 mag: 2955759087
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Long-term climate change recorded in sediments from Lake Tanganyika Tropical East Africa, over the past 90+ ka - Burnett, Allison P.; Weyhenmeyer, C. E.; Scholz, Christopher A. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 2008)
openalex: W3080623776 mag: 3080623776
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Intra-volcanic layered intrusions in Sal island (Cape Verde Archipelago): Insights into an ocean island root zone - Caldeira, Rita; Silva, L. C. (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 2008)
openalex: W3087414639 mag: 3087414639
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Women and the judiciary in Syria: appointments process, training and career paths - Cardinal, Monique C. (International Journal of the Legal Profession, 2008)
This article describes the recruitment, training and career paths of women judges and public prosecutors in Syria over a period of 30 years (1975–2005). It analyses both quantitative and qualitative data drawn from official statistics and interviews conducted with 67 women judges and public prosecutors in Syria's largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo. The paper focuses on how training of the judiciary has changed since the founding of the new Institute of Judicial Studies and the effect this change has had on women's career paths. The entry of women to the judiciary in 1975 and the restructuring of the training system in 2002 are the two most important events in the recent history of the judiciary in Syria.
openalex: W1976966771 mag: 1976966771
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The uses and gratifications of mobile internet among the South African students - Chigona, Wallace; Kankwenda, G.; Manjoo, S. (2008)
This paper investigates the factors that affect the use of mobile internet among the South African students. This is done by using the uses and gratifications (U&G) framework to understand the motivations and extract the intrinsic needs of mobile phone users. Drawing on previous studies on the mobile phone and traditional internet, a model has been developed highlighting the proposed U&Gs. This model was then validated with data gathered through interviews conducted with university students. Our findings are mostly in keeping with previous studies, showing that the U&Gs of mobile internet are an intersection of the UGs of the mobile phone and traditional internet. In addition, this study shows that (1) there is a strong social motivation for mobile internet use; (2) there are inhibiting factors which affect the use of mobile internet; (3) mobile internet may be the preferred and in some cases, the only, means of internet access.
openalex: W2156227838 mag: 2156227838
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Teaching Geography to Visually Impaired Students in Nigerian Secondary Schools: Issues for Consideration - Damar, Dorah Nanman; Dakur, Dickson Sura; Yakwal, Sylvester Mwandar (2008)
openalex: W2277998685 mag: 2277998685
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Building the Capacity of First Year Social Work Students: Experiences from a South African Tertiary Education Institution - Drower, Sandra J.; Kleijn, Amelia A. (Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2008)
While futures are indeed created, they are not typically created on a clean slate. It is hard for nations to leave their pasts behind (Varshney cited by Mangcu, 2004:3). ABSTRACT. A three part Building Capacity Program developed for social work students in a South African tertiary education institution is described. The primary purpose of the Program was to build the capacity of social work students considered to be at risk of not completing their studies. The Program is located within the socio‐political context of South Africa, and the interplay between education and social welfare in meeting the goals of national development. The content and structure of the Program are outlined and its contribution toward educational redress at tertiary level is explored.
openalex: W2031020877 mag: 2031020877
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THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN ETHIOPIA - Dulle, Shito (2008)
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Increasing use of regional anaesthesia for prostatectomy—University of Benin Teaching Hospital experience - Edomwonyi, N P; Omoifo, Casmir Edobor (South African journal of anaesthesia and analgesia, 2008)
Introduction: Regional anaesthesia is widely used for urological procedures. It may be better tolerated in the elderly, avoiding the cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of general anaesthesia, provided that there are no contraindications. Bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in the elderly. Our aim was to determine the preference of neuraxial block technique for prostatectomy in our institution.Patients and methods: This was a prospective study of patients scheduled for elective prostatectomy with ages ranging from 49 to 94 years for a period of eighteen months. They were seen by anaesthetists, two or three days before surgery and all received oral diazepam, 5mg on the morning of surgery. Choice of anaesthesia was determined by the attending anaesthetist. Standard questionnaires were used to document patients' characteristics, technique of anaesthesia, intraoperative and postoperative complications, management and outcome.Results: One hundred and twelve male patients aged 49–94 years (mean age 67.38 ± 11.33) were recruited in the study. Eighty six (77%) patients were 60 years and above while 26 (23%) were below 60 years. Intercurrent medical diseases were common in patients above 60 years. Fifty two patients (46.4%) had intercurrent medical diseases, with hypertension being the leading among them [31(59.6%)] followed by diabetes mellitus [7(13.5%)].Seventy six patients (68%) had suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy, 21(19%) had retropubic (Millin) anaesthesia while 15 (13%) had transurethral resection of the prostate. The techniques of anaesthesia used were general for 6 (5%) patients, epidural anaesthesia for 39 (35%) patients and spinal anaesthesia for 67 (60%) patients. Intraoperative hypotension occurred in 17 (56.6%) patients in the spinal group and in 3 (21.42%) in the epidural group.The incidence of intraoperative and recovery room complications was higher in the spinal group than in the epidural group, 32 (63%) compared to 19 (37%). The difference was not statistically significant. P = 0.5257, OR = 0.6933, CI: 0.2977–1.107.Conclusion: We conclude that neuraxial block technique for prostatectomy has gained overwhelming popularity in our institution.
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Increasing use of regional anaesthesia for prostatectomy - University of Benin Teaching Hospital experience : original research - Edomwonyi, NP; Omoifo, CE (Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2008)
Introduction Regional anaesthesia is widely used for urological procedures. It may be better tolerated in the elderly, avoiding the cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effects of general anaesthesia, provided that there are no contraindications. Bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is common in the elderly. Our aim was to determine the preference of neuraxial block technique for prostatectomy in our institution. Patients and methods This was a prospective study of patients scheduled for elective prostatectomy with ages ranging from 49 to 94 years for a period of eighteen months. They were seen by anaesthetists, two or three days before surgery and all received oral diazepam, 5mg on the morning of surgery. Choice of anaesthesia was determined by the attending anaesthetist. Standard questionnaires were used to document patients' characteristics, technique of anaesthesia, intraoperative and postoperative complications, management and outcome. Results One hundred and twelve male patients aged 49-94 years (mean age 67.38 ± 11.33) were recruited in the study. Eighty six (77%) patients were 60 years and above while 26 (23%) were below 60 years. Intercurrent medical diseases were common in patients above 60 years. Fifty two patients (46.4%) had intercurrent medical diseases, with hypertension being the leading among them [31(59.6%)] followed by diabetes mellitus [7(13.5%)]. Seventy six patients (68%) had suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy, 21(19%) had retropubic (Millin) anaesthesia while 15 (13%) had transurethral resection of the prostate. The techniques of anaesthesia used were general for 6 (5%) patients, epidural anaesthesia for 39 (35%) patients and spinal anaesthesia for 67 (60%) patients. Intraoperative hypotension occurred in 17 (56.6%) patients in the spinal group and in 3 (21.42%) in the epidural group. The incidence of intraoperative and recovery room complications was higher in the spinal group than in the epidural group, 32 (63%) compared to 19 (37%). The difference was not statistically significant. P = 0.5257, OR = 0.6933, CI : 0.2977 - 1.107. Conclusion We conclude that neuraxial block technique for prostatectomy has gained overwhelming popularity in our institution.
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COUNSELLING IN EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA - Effanga, Utang Ibok (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2008)
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GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA - Effanga, Utang Ibok (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2008)
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Geochemistry and metamorphism of the Pan-African back-arc Malhaq volcano-sedimentary Neoproterozoic association, W. Kid area, SE Sinai, Egypt - El-Enen, Mahrous M. Abu (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2008)
The northern part of the Kid metamorphic complex, SE Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, comprises a thick sequence of volcano-sedimentary association, defined as Mahlaq Formation. It is composed predominantly of rhyodacitic to andesitic, less commonly of subalkaline basaltic metavolcanics and metatuffs interbedded and intercalated with metapelites and metagraywackes. Their bulk rock chemistry indicates that the magmatic rocks have calc-alkaline affinity, and derived from island arc – mid-oceanic ridge transitional regimes, presumably in a back-arc setting. Their peak mineral assemblages, mineral chemistry and calculated P-T metamorphic conditions indicate that the Malhaq association underwent metamorphism of lower amphibolite facies (480–570 °C/3–4 kbar), except the extreme northeastern part of upper amphibolite facies (645 °C/4.5–5.5 kbar). Geothermal gradients of the investigated metamorphic rocks range from 37 to 43 °C/km, may indicate that metamorphism took place in the upper plate of an active continental margin. Three deformation phases, D1 to D3, are recognized at the Malhaq nappe area, where peak metamorphic conditions occurred synchronous with the NW-directed thrusting during the D2 phase. Possible heat sources during metamorphism is that resulted from heating contributing from the mantle derived magma in the documented arc environment in addition to the shear “stress” heating released during thrusting and stacking of the Malhaq nappe pile onto the older continental crust during the Pan-African orogeny. Metamorphic conditions increase northward coincident with NW-ward stacking propagation of the Neoproterozoic nappe that formed when the Mozambique Ocean had closed as a result of the assembly of East and West Gondwana during the Pan-African Orogeny.
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O46: Nutritional Status of Male Students Living in Religious Homes in Al-Alafoun City in Sudan: Time for Action - ElShikieri, Ahlam Badreldin (Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2008)
To assess the nutritional status of students (10-27 yrs) in religious homes in Al-Alafoun city in Sudan.
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Towards modelling macro influencing factors to address South African energy challenges: A focus on electricity demand and climate change - Engelbrecht, C. A.; Brent, Alan C. (2008)
Energy technology implementation or policy projects (TI/PPs) have a large macro level impact on a country and it is imperative that decisions at this level reflect sustainability. South Africa is already experiencing an energy supply and demand challenge. Inexpensive coal-fired energy options and the international focus on alternative energy technologies, to combat climate change, exacerbate this challenge. The question is then whether there is sufficient incentive for South Africa to consider other non-coal energy technologies if a broader sustainable macro level decision making process is adopted. This paper answers this question based on the modelling of energy systems by firstly combining a set of macro level indicators from various sustainability and energy studies. The model then incorporates the indicators and applies the multi attributive utility theory (MAUT) to determine utilities for economic, social, institutional and environmental macro influencing factors (MIFs). Each macro influencing factor's utility is weighted according to specific scenarios; for this study climate change and energy challenge scenarios were specifically investigated. The individual macro factor utilities are then combined to provide an overall macro influencing factor landscape (MIFL) utility. The achieved overall utility is an indication of the energy technology's macro level fit for South Africa, given the scenario constraints. The macro influencing factor landscape (MIFL) model lays the foundation for sustainable energy system decision-making for policy makers and technology managers in the future.
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African-American Students' Perceptions of Their Majors, Future Professions, and the Dietetics Major and Profession: A Qualitative Analysis - Felton, Teena M.; Nickols‐Richardson, Sharon M.; Serrano, Elena; Hosig, Kathy (Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2008)
African-American professionals are underrepresented in the profession of dietetics. This preliminary qualitative study identified African-American students' perceptions of their majors, future professions, and the dietetics major/profession to understand why they did or did not enter dietetics. It was hypothesized that dietetics students chose dietetics primarily for altruistic reasons, whereas students in other fields of study did not choose dietetics due to lack of awareness of dietetics. To learn students' views, African-American college students engaged in elicitation interviews or focus group discussions. Twenty-eight women and 12 men participated. Phenomenologic analysis identified common themes and meanings: African-American students selected their majors for a variety of reasons, including desire to help people, interest in the field, recommendation from an adult, and family influence. African-American students in fields of study other than dietetics believed that the dietetics major was not selected due to lack of awareness about dietetics. Both dietetics students and students in other fields of study perceived versatility, ability to work with/help people, and to have an influence as positive qualities about their future professions. Advanced degree and training requirements, lack of diversity, and low salary were identified as negative qualities about future professions. African-American students in fields of study other than dietetics had not been exposed to the dietetics major, careers, and profession. Recruitment efforts should begin early to increase the number of African-American students in dietetics.
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Chemical composition of tropospheric particulate matter in West Africa: Natural and pollution source assessment - Flament, Pascal; Deboudt, Karine; Aimoz, L.; Cachier, H.; Chatenet, B.; Weis, David D. (GeCAS, 2008)
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African experience with training courses on sperm examination - Franken, D. R.; Aneck-Hahn, Natalie (ESHRE monographs, 2008)
In conjunction with the World Health Organization’s Department of Health and Research, the Department of Obstetrics and University of Stellenbosch, South Africa presented since 1997 hands-on semenology workshops for 87 health care workers from 16 Sub-Sahara African countries. The programme consists of a five-day workshop, during which participants underwent a pre-training test after which they received intensive hands-on training on sperm concentration, motility, vitality and sperm morphology. Following the workshop, all the participants were enrolled in a continuous quality control programme for sperm morphology. The morphology reading skills of 53 workshop participants that enrolled for the external quality control programme were analysed and classified over an extended period. The reading skills were monitored using 36 slides (18 sets over 48 months). Three participants (5.7%) had a poor standard of reading, 6 participants (11.3%) had a marginal standard of reading and 45 participants had an acceptable reading standard (83%). An external quality control programme can be highly successful, on condition that it is presented continuously with a 3–4 month interval between tests. Our results underline the importance of hands-on training and moreover the crucial role that follow up external quality control programmes plays in the maintenance of a technicians reading skills. This observation can be validated for all semen parameters.
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Introduction: Hurricane Katrina and African American Students - Franklin, V. P. (The Journal of African American history, 2008)
Previous articleNext article No AccessSymposium on Hurricane Katrina and African American StudentsIntroduction: Hurricane Katrina and African American StudentsV. P. FranklinV. P. Franklin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 93, Number 3Summer 2008 A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/JAAHv93n3p389 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright ASALHPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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TEACHING AND LEARNING IN LARGE CLASSES: A CASE STUDY AT UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA - Garg, Dhruv; Lee, Marilyn B.; Anderson, George; Eyotayo, O.T.; Ayo, Abel O. (Interscience management review, 2008)
Teaching large classes (>100 students) is a challenge. This study explored various instructional methods to determine which were most effective for large classes and developed guidelines for engaging students in learning in skills courses. A quasi-experimental design study with a control and treatment groups was conducted. The treatment group participated in a teaching learning strategy, which was designed to stimulate engagement of students through active and collaborative learning. These activities were developed based on the anecdotal accounts in the literature and consisted of Written Ground Rules for the course and in-class activities. The data analysis indicated that the teaching strategies used with the treatment group made a difference in the area of student satisfaction, assessment, learning abilities, development and practical application of computer and information skills and use of online tools. The study validated the effectiveness of this instrumental method in large class. Findings from the student satisfaction element of the study are reported in this paper. The study findings indicate that student engagement and deep learning is achieved through an active and collaborative approach that requires the student to engage with the subject of study.
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Anger expression, negative life events and violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia - Gelaye, Bizu; Philpart, Marc; Goshu, Miruts; Berhane, Yemane; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Williams, Michelle A. (Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2008)
To assess the prevalence of violent behaviour and to identify risk factors associated with violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia.A cross-sectional study among 1294 male college students in Awassa, Ethiopia was conducted in June 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information concerning violent acts, anger expression, and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).More than half of the students (54.3%) reported committing at least one act of physical violence during the current academic year. Academic year of studies, use of khat, a natural stimulant with amphetamine-like effects, anger proneness and stressful life events were statistically significant covariates associated with committing acts of violence. Seniors, as compared with freshmen, were less likely to admit violent behaviour (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.30-0.71). Those who reported using khat were more likely to report committing violent acts (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08) than were non-users. Students with moderate levels of anger expression (scores of 11- 14) were 3.40 times more likely to report committing acts of violence (OR=3.40; 95% CI 2.42-4.79) than were those with low levels of anger expression (scores v11). For students with high levels of anger expression (> or = 15 scores), the corresponding OR was 7.62 (95% CI 5.15-11.29). Participants who had experienced > or = 4 negative life events during the current academic year were more likely (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.58-3.69) to report violent behaviour than were those with fewer stressful life events.Screening for violent behaviour and violence prevention programmes, particularly those in educational settings, should include strategies that address students' stressful life events, anger management, and substance use.
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Reform of legal education in Ethiopia: the Ethiopian experience in the context of history, the present, and the future - Geraghty, E.K.; Quansah, Tandoh (2008)
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Encountering the Unexpected: Appropriating the Roles of Researcher, Teacher, and Advocate in a Drug Study in Madagascar - Gezon, Lisa L.; Totomarovario, Alex (Practicing Anthropology, 2008)
As we learn and teach in introductory courses, one of the key assets of the anthropological perspective is the ability to remain flexible in order to accommodate the unknown, especially in fieldwork. Although Lisa Gezon had planned on conducting straight academic research in northern Madagascar this past summer (2007), this research unexpectedly allowed her also to embrace the roles of professor and advocate. Although Alex Totomarovario had planned on being mainly a research facilitator, he found himself directly engaged in research and faced with issues of advocacy—or at least expert status. He also benefitted from this research experience by envisioning how getting his students involved in academic research can further his program's goal of preparing students of the English language for professional employment. This has encouraged us to think about both research and teaching, or "knowledge transfer," as important forms of anthropological practice. It also raises issues of anthropological ethics (and professional ethics in general, for Alex is not formally trained as an anthropologist) and the place for advocacy.
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Safety of patient meals in 2 hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt before and after training of food handlers. - H, El Derea; Salem, Eman S.; Fawzi, Mohamed; M, Abdel Azeem (Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2008)
We assessed the food safety knowledge and food handling practices of 23 food handlers in 2 hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt [Gamal Abdel Nasser (GAN) and Medical Research Institute (MRI)] before and after a food safety training programme, and also the bacteriological quality of patient meals and kitchen equipment. There was a significant improvement in all knowledge-associated parameters except for personal hygiene in GAN. There was an improvement in the food safety practices in both hospitals. The bacteriological quality of most patient meals and food preparation surfaces and utensils improved after training. The bacteriological quality of patients' meals served in GAN was generally better than that in MRI.
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Waist circumference and central fatness of Egyptian primary-school children. - Hassan, N. M.; El-Masry, SA; Ae, El-Sawaf (2008)
This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. The children were classified as normal, overweight or obese according to their body mass index (BMI). For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. Central overweight and obesity were indicators for central fatness for both overweight boys and girls and for obese girls except in age group 6.5 +/- 1 years. Waist circumference was a good indicator of central fatness (overweight and obesity) in children aged 8.5 +/- years and 10.5 +/- 1 years.
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Inside and outside Gifted Education Programming: Hidden Challenges for African American Students - Henfield, Malik S.; Moore, James L.; Wood, Chris (Exceptional Children, 2008)
This qualitative study used Critical Race Theory as a theoretical framework to examine the meaning, context, and process by which 12 African American students in gifted education programs formulated perceptions of their experiences in those programs. The following themes emerged from the semistructured, biographical questionnaires and individual interviews: (a) critical issues facing gifted African American students; (b) ways that the students navigate the perils of gifted education; and (c) the benefits of gifted education. These themes highlight the salience of race inside and outside gifted education programs. The research findings also provide practical applications for teachers, principals, school counselors, and parents.
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The importance of parents for access to education: findings from South Africa - Hosegood, Victoria; Cunningham, Solveig A.; Cunningham, Crystal (2008)
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Climate change during the Iron Age in the Shashe-Limpopo Basin, southern Africa - Huffman, Thomas N. (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2008)
Recent research refines previous interpretations about the role of climatic factors in the development of Mapungubwe. First, the Medieval Warm Epoch started at about AD 1000, rather than 900. At about AD 900, Zhizo people moved into the Shashe-Limpopo Basin, most likely to hunt elephants for the East Coast trade. Secondly, a dry period at about AD 1200–1250 affected farming societies over a wide area. In the Basin, multiple rainmaking episodes occurred at this time. A similar situation took place around Makapansgat and at Great Zimbabwe. Thirdly, Mapungubwe was probably abandoned in AD 1300 because of cooler and drier conditions. At this time, it would have been impossible to maintain floodplain agriculture at the intensity necessary to support the large population. Agricultural failures probably undermined political authority, contributing to Mapungubwe's abandonment and shift in power to Great Zimbabwe. This detailed sequence challenges the re-calibrated climatic series from Makapansgat.
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An international matched cohort study of the contribution of metabolic impairments to subclinical atherosclerosis in United Kingdom and Jamaican African-Caribbeans - Kalra, Lalit; Iveson, Elizabeth; Rambaran, Curtis; Sherwood, Roy; Chowienczyk, Phil; Ritter, James M.; Shah, Ajay M.; Forrester, Terrence (Atherosclerosis, 2008)
Background A gradient of increased vascular risk exists across the African diaspora. We hypothesised that increased insulin resistance with environmental transition contributes to this risk. Methods The study was undertaken in 73 healthy African-Caribbeans in the UK and 151 age and sex matched African-Caribbeans in Jamaica. Body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, insulin resistance, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDV) were compared. CIMT was measured ultrasonographically in the distal 1 cm of both common carotid arteries. EDV was measured the absolute change from baseline in the Reflection index (RI) of the digital volume pulse during intravenous infusion of albuterol (ΔRIALB). Results UK African-Caribbeans had greater CIMT (mean difference 0.124 [95% C.I. 0.075–0.173] mm, p < 0.0001) and decreased EDV (mean difference in ΔRIALB 5.1 [95% C.I. 2.5–7.6] percentage points, p < 0.0001). This was associated with higher insulin concentrations (mean difference 1.6 [95% C.I. 1.3–4.1] μU/mL, p = 0.038) and greater HOMA score (2.8 versus 2.0; p = 0.035) despite no significant differences in BMI (28.8 versus 27.6; p = 0.168) or the waist to hip ratio (0.86 versus 0.85; p = 0.188). HOMA scores correlated positively with CIMT (r = 0.35, p = 0.01) and negatively with ΔRIALB (r = −0.17; p = 0.02) in UK, but not in Jamaican, African-Caribbeans. A significant interaction was seen between HOMA and UK domicile for CIMT (p < 0.0001) and between fasting insulin and UK domicile for ΔRIALB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Increased insulin resistance, associated with living in a nutritionally enriched environment, may contribute to early subclinical atherosclerosis in UK African-Caribbeans.
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A Rationale for Public and School Library Cooperation in Sierra Leone - Kargbo, John Abdul (Public Library Quarterly, 2008)
This article explores the need for public and school library cooperation in Sierra Leone. Establishing a library service to meet user needs and keeping it relevant is one of the important tasks of professional librarians. In Sierra Leone, however, an increase in enrollment in schools, decreasing library budgets, and the information explosion have had grave consequences in the management of libraries, be they special, school, or public. If public and school libraries are to provide satisfactory services to the nation's young, there is every need for the establishment of greater public and school library cooperation.
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Evaluating brief cognitive impairment screening instruments among African Americans - Kiddoe, Jared; Whitfield, Keith E.; Andel, Ross; Edwards, Christopher L. (Aging & Mental Health, 2008)
This article compared and contrasted the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS) to the racially-sensitive Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The empirical questions addressed was whether the TICS over-represented African American (AA) cognitive impairment (CI) relative to the SPMSQ, if there were age differences in CI prevalence between younger subjects (ages 50-64) and older ones (>64 years) and on accuracy to detect CI in individuals with higher levels of educations (> or =13 years) versus those with lower education levels (<13 years). A secondary data analysis was performed on 396 AA participants from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (CAATSA). The SPMSQ measured CI prevalence at 10.3% and the TICS at 45.0%. Within the younger group, TICS and CI prevalence was 49.3 and 80% among the older group. Within the younger group SPMSQ and CI prevalence was 14.5 and 53.8% among the older group. Within the higher educated group, TICS and CI prevalence was 36.7 and 51.4% among the lower educated. Within the higher educated group, SPMSQ and CI prevalence was 7.7 and 14.5% among the lower educated. Findings are consistent with our hypotheses that the TICS would be a less accurate assessor of CI among AAs.
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An International Volunteer Program for General Surgery Residents at Brown Medical School: The Tenwek Hospital Africa Experience - Klaristenfeld, Daniel D.; Chupp, Michael; Cioffi, William G.; White, Russell E. (Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2008)
Klaristenfeld, Daniel D. MDa; Chupp, Michael MD, FACSb; Cioffi, William G. MD, FACSa; White, Russell E. MD, MPH, FACSa,b,* Author Information
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Pupil Absenteeism in Malawi Primary Schools : Are There Any Solutions? - Kunje, Demis (国際協力論集, 2008)
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African girls, nineteenth‐century mission education and the patriarchal imperative - Leach, Fiona (Gender and Education, 2008)
This paper draws on Anglican mission archive material to uncover the extent to which girls’ schooling in early nineteenth‐century West Africa developed as a response to male interests and perceived male needs. The founding of the colony of Sierra Leone in 1787 as a home for freed slaves followed by the arrival of Protestant missionaries in 1804 offers a laboratory type environment to trace the development of girls’ formal schooling in Africa. In particular, the missionaries understood the importance of educating women if Christianity was to prosper on the continent. Girls were to be educated to take their place in the new Christian monogamous family, to provide moral and practical support for men, and to bring up their children in the new faith. They were to be taught separately from boys where possible, by female teachers and with a differentiated curriculum dominated by sewing. Educational opportunities were expanded only insofar as women needed to provide fitting and accomplished marriage companions for educated men seeking to advance their careers in the new meritocratic society.
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Coping Measures of Patients with Chronic Illness in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution - Melvin, Agunbiade Ojo; Lanre, Ikuteyijo; Titilayo, Ayotunde (Journal of Social & Psychological Sciences, 2008)
Introduction In Nigeria, chronic illness may be responsible for 24 percent of all deaths in the year 2005 and the situation may become worse by 2015(WHO, 2005). Some of the common chronic illness such as diabetics, heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetics are preventable through healthy diet, regular physical activity and avoidance of some harmful habits such as tobacco products. The political economy of the Nigerian nation as reflected in the high prevalence of poverty and illiteracy may have further complicated the process of addressing chronic illness. Despite, the structural limitations on patients with chronic illness, they still posses the ability to re-interpret their illness situation (Taylor, 1983; Moses, Ngugi, Bradley, et al, 1994; McKinlay, 1975; Meertens, Scheepers, & Tax, 2003). Illness behaviour creates a useful way of understanding and describing the many psychosocial influences that affect how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, come to view themselves as sick and disabled, take remedial action, and use lay and professional sources of help (Mechanic, 1978). The meanings given by patients to a negative life event has effect on the symptoms and illness behaviour and help to order experience in several ways (Taylor, 1983; Moses, Ngugi, Bradley, et al, 1994). Studies have revealed that the meanings associated with illness tend to vary by group membership (e.g. McKinlay, 1975; Meertens, Scheepers, & Tax, 2003). The interpretation of symptoms and the meaning assigned to them may have a profound influence on coping measures. Like all the other aspects of illness behaviour, coping with chronic illness or any other illness is determined by many factors and varies from person to person (Turner & Lloyd, 1999; Turner, Wheaton, & Lloyd, 1995; Wheaton, 1994). Coping responses may be more or less adaptive and more or less consciously motivated. Although some people may deny their symptoms (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989), others may exaggerate them. The abnormal functioning that occurs in chronic illness leads inevitably to compensatory behaviour that may have positive or negative effects on subsequent symptoms and functional levels. Illness behaviour and suffering can exist in the absence of a diagnosable disease. Effective treatment of patients with chronic disease requires that health care professionals view illness broadly and not only from the biomedical disease model. Some proportion of people with chronic pain use alternative care systems either in lieu of or as adjuncts to the traditional medical care system. Some alternative practices have developed as a reaction to what a number of people perceive to be shortcomings in traditional medical care (Weiss & Lonnquist, 2006). The holistic health care and self-care movements are examples of such alternative approaches, and both of them receive considerable support from some physicians for much of their work and for their basic philosophies (Inglis & West, 1983). More recent research suggests that religious and folk practices may be effective insofar as they take into account essential psychosocial factors, such as patients' explanatory models of illness, that are often neglected by conventional medicine (Kleinman & Sung, 1979). In addition, these modes may help alter the meaning of illness in such a way as to allow a different and healthier response (Csordas, 1983; Bourguignon, 1976; Frank, 1973). The above explanations and some of the literature have confirmed the relevance of understudying and incorporating patients' views in consulting and treatment. To a large extent, studies focusing especially on patients' perception of chronic illness and their coping measures are scarce in the Nigerian context. Hence, this study examines patients' views on selected chronic illness as well their coping measures among selected adult patients with selected chronic illness in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. …
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Necessary Versus Sufficient Conditions for Using New Languages in South African Higher Education: A Linguistic Appraisal1 - Mesthrie, Rajend (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2008)
Abstract This paper critically examines one particular issue against the background of changes in South Africa's higher education system consequent upon the advent of a non-racial democracy – the possibility of implementing multilingual instructional polices that include indigenous African languages in its universities. Currently, a great deal of applied linguistic work is being carried out on the creation of word lists and dictionaries, via translation and term creation. This paper concurs that this is a necessary step in language adaptation for the task envisaged. It uses Saussurian semantics to show that translation and/or creation of terms is not a relatively transparent activity. An examination of Saussure's notion of ‘semantic value’ leads to a post-structuralist concern with use and function. This orientation to language is considered further in light of the discourse-oriented work of M.A.K. Halliday and J.R. Martin on the language of science in Writing Science, Literacy and Discursive Power, published by Falmer Press in 1993 Halliday, M.A.K. and Martin, J.R. 1993. Writing Science – Literacy and Discursive Power, London: Falmer Press. [Google Scholar]. Such discourse unfolds within a community of practice. The practices required for a translated science involve semiotic inculcation, and can be compared to the efforts of 19th-century Christian missionaries who worked on expanding Xhosa for religious purposes. These efforts show the complexities of developing Xhosa as a possible language of science, which any language planner will have to face.
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Reading habits and attitudes of primary school pupils in Namibia and Norway - Mostert, Louise; Wikan, Gerd (Education As Change, 2008)
The dilemma of pupils not learning to read on a desirable level seems to be universal and finding possible causes and solutions for this predicament is an ongoing process. In this article we focus on the reading attitudes and habits of Namibian and Norwegian pupils, in the hope to shed some light on this world-wide phenomenon. A survey, using questionnaires and including 155 Grade 6 pupils was used for data collection. Since the sample was relatively small, it was not expected that we would find statistically significant results that could be generalised. The aim was rather to identify general tendencies, similarities and differences, based on selected variables. These findings could form a basis for further research in the area of reading culture. The variables that seemed to have the greatest impact on reading habits and attitudes was gender, availability of reading materials at home, the telling of stories and reading by parents, as well as primary home language. Clear differences were also found amongst the regions included in the study.
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Twenty‐Two Years of Training Social Work Practitioners in Africa: Reflections on Strategies and Techniques - Mupedziswa, Rodreck (Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 2008)
Reminisces on teaching social work from the baccalaureate through the doctoral level for more than two decades, with special attention to comparing classroom teaching and field work supervision; provides an overview of strategies of the lecture methods which have been found to be successful; also discusses methods such as small group interaction, role play, use of teaching technologies, and incorporation of indigenous music.
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Radioactivity level and soil radon measurement of a volcanic area in Cameroon - Ngachin, M.; Garavaglia, M.; Giovani, C.; Njock, M.G. Kwato; Nourreddine, A. (Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2008)
The radioactivity level of soils in a volcanic area in Cameroon was determined and discussed. Thirty soils samples were collected from Buea and Limbé cities located in the south-western Cameroon. These two regions are known for theirs volcanic grounds due to the presence of Mount Cameroon Mountain. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides as well as that of the fission product were evaluated by gamma-ray spectrometry using a hyper-purity germanium detector (HPGe). The ranges of concentrations in the surveyed soils were 11–17 Bq kg−1, 22–36 Bq kg−1 and 43–201 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The radioisotope 137Cs was also found but in a very small amount. The outdoor absorbed dose rate 1 m above ground with the corresponding annual effective dose rate, assuming a 20% occupancy factor was estimated. The radium equivalent and the external hazard index were also evaluated and results are compared with available data from other studies and with the world average value [United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), 1988. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations, New York; UNSCEAR, 2000. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiations. Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York]. A solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD), LR-115 was used for soil radon measurements at a depth of 50 cm. The ranges of soil radon concentrations were 6.7–10.8 kBq m−3 and 5.5–8.7 kBq m−3 in Buea and Limbé, respectively. A positive correlation was found between concentrations of radium measured with γ-spectrometry and the soil radon concentrations measured with the nitrate cellulose detectors. The results of this study provide the radioactivity level in soil of a volcanic area, which has been found to be within the safety limits. The south-western Cameroon can be considered as having normal natural background radiation.
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Hospital-based universal newborn hearing screening for early detection of permanent congenital hearing loss in Lagos, Nigeria - Olusanya, Bolajoko O.; Wirz, Sheila; Luxon, LM (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2008)
To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of hospital-based universal newborn hearing screening programme for the early detection of permanent congenital or early-onset hearing loss (PCEHL) in Lagos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional pilot study based on a two-stage universal newborn hearing screening by non-specialist health workers using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem-response (AABR) in an inner-city maternity hospital over a consecutive period of 40 weeks. The main outcome measures were the practicality of screening by non-specialist staff with minimal training, functionality of screening instruments in an inner-city environment, screening coverage, referral rate, return rate for diagnosis, yield of PCEHL and average age of PCEHL confirmation. Universal hearing screening of newborns by non-specialist staff without prior audiological experience is feasible in an inner-city environment in Lagos after a training period of two-weeks. Notwithstanding excessive ambient noise within and outside the wards, it was possible to identify a test site for TEOAE screening within the hospital. The screening coverage was 98.7% (1330/1347) of all eligible newborns and the mean age of screening was 2.6 days. Forty-four babies out of the 1274 who completed the two-stage screening were referred yielding a referral rate of 3.5%. Only 16% (7/44) of babies scheduled for diagnostic evaluation returned and all were confirmed with hearing loss resulting in an incidence of 5.5 (7/1274) per 1000 live births or a programme yield of 5.3 (7/1330) per 1000. Six infants had bilateral hearing loss and the degree was severe (≥70 dB nHL) in three infants, moderate (40 dB nHL) in one infant and mild (<40 dB nHL) in two infants. The age at diagnosis ranged from 46 days to 360 days and only two infants were diagnosed within 90 days. Hospital-based universal hearing screening of newborns before discharge is feasible in Nigeria. Non-specialist staff are valuable in achieving a satisfactory referral rate with a two-stage screening protocol. However, a more efficient tracking and follow-up system is needed to improve the return rate for diagnosis and age of confirmation of hearing loss.
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The Impact of Mother Tongue on Students’ Achievement in English Language in Junior Secondary Certificate Examination in Western Nigeria - Oluwole, David Adebayo (Journal of Social Sciences, 2008)
The study is designed to examine the influence of mother tongue on Students performance in English language in Junior School Certificate Examination. The study investigated if mother tongue is solely the cause of the students’ woeful performance in English Language in Junior School certificate Examination or if there are other complementing factors. The subjects for the study were one hundred male and female SSI students drawn from various government schools in western Nigeria. Using simple percentage descriptive statistic, the research questions that were raised analysed. The findings reveal that mother tongue influences the students’ poor performance in English language in Junior School Certificate examination and that there are other factors contributing to students’ poor performance in English language. These other factors are poor method of teaching, lack of textbooks, language background and lack of professional growth and development of teachers. Measures that could be taken to enhance students’ achievement in every aspect of English language are suggested also. The respondents’ age ranged between 10.52 and 15.17. The participants were those who have sat for the Junior Secondary School Certificate examination. They were randomly selected across diverse religious and socio-economic background.
openalex: W50201728 mag: 50201728
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Silicon cycle in weathering sequences of volcanic soils in Cameroon using delta30Si and Ge/Si - Opfergelt, Sophie; Delvaux, Bruno; Cardinal, Damien; Delvigne, Camille; André, Luc (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2008)
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Improving commitment to basic education for the minorities in Botswana: A challenge for policy and practice - Pansiri, Nkobi Owen (International Journal of Educational Development, 2008)
This paper is part of a study that assessed the level of commitment of primary schools of remote area dwellers (RADs) to basic education between October 2004 and April 2005. The research question focused on the level of commitment of schools to universal basic education, school–community partnership in school governance and parental involvement in the way the curriculum was delivered. Questionnaire and interviews were used. The results show a significant relationship between teachers’ perceptions and variables such as district, qualifications, age, location, and experience. There is consistency between teachers’ perceptions and children's academic performance. It has been found that learner achievement in RADs schools is low and that parents are not actively involved in their children's education due to the policy environment and school management practices.
openalex: W2069234063 mag: 2069234063
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Work-Role Attachment and Retirement Intentions of Public School Teachers in Calabar, Nigeria - Petters, Janet Sunday; Asuquo, P. N. (Studies on home and community science, 2008)
This study investigated the work role attachment and retirement intentions of public school teachers in Calabar, Nigeria. It was motivated by the observation that most public school workers lack plans for retirement and as such do not prepare for it until it suddenly dawns on them. Few empirical studies were reviewed. Questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection from a sample of 200 teachers. Independent t-test was used to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that the committed/attached/involved workers have retirement intention to take a part-time job after retirement. The uncommitted/unattached/uninvolved workers have intention to retire earlier than those attached to their work. It was recommended that pre-retirement counselling should be adopted to assist teachers to develop good retirement plans.
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Two high resolution snap shots of Pliestocene climate change from U-Pb dated South Africa speleothems - Pickering, Robyn; Göktörk, Ozan M.; Kramers, Jan D.; Steininger, Christine; Fleitmann, Dominik; Badertscher, Seraina (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 2008)
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Opening up access to learning in high HIV prevalence areas of sub-Saharan Africa - Pridmore, Pat (2008)
AIDS is recognised to be a major threat to national development in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Access to education, at the heart of development, has been especially hard hit and despite efforts to strengthen education systems there is increasing evidence that not enough is yet being done (Kendall and O'Gara, 2007, Bennell, 2003). Increasing numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children are unable to attend school regularly and schools, strongly challenged to meet the needs of children who walk in the door, are unlikely to reach out to those beyond the school gate. In these countries there is an urgent need for governments to take effective action to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and protect the rights of vulnerable children to schooling. (Pridmore and Yates, 2005)
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An audit of obstetric fistulae in a teaching hospital in South Africa - Ramphal, Suran; Kalane, G; Fourie, T; Moodley, J (Tropical Doctor, 2008)
Obstetric fistulae are still common in the rural areas of South Africa. This study describes the demographic and clinical characteristics of 41 women with obstetric urinary fistulae. All were from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and had limited or no access to antenatal care.
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Hurricane Katrina through the Eyes of African American College Students: The Making of a Documentary - Robertson, Clyde C. (Journal of African American History, 2008)
Previous articleNext article No AccessSymposium on Hurricane Katrina and African American StudentsHurricane Katrina through the Eyes of African American College Students: The Making of a DocumentaryClyde C. RobertsonClyde C. Robertson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 93, Number 3Summer 2008 A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/JAAHv93n3p392 Views: 13Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright ASALHPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Clyde C. Robertson New Orleans Jazz in the World, The Journal of African American History 103, no.44 (Dec 2018): 664–674.https://doi.org/10.1086/699960
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The potential implications of rainforest history, hybridization, and climate change on the phylogenetics of a rare genus of herbsRomnalda(Dasypogonaceae) from New Guinea and Australia - Shapcott, Alison; Bau, Billy; Katik, P (Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008)
There are many genera shared between Australian and Papua New Guinean rainforests. Species in the rare rainforest herbaceous genus Romnalda have a relictual and disjunct distribution within the major rainforest blocs of southern Queensland, north Queensland, and New Guinea. There are only four species in this genus: R. strobilacea, R. grallata, and R. sp.‘Cooper Ck’ from Australia, and R. papuana from New Guinea. The Australian species have restricted distributions and high conservation status. Allozymes were used to study the genetic variation and distinctiveness of all four species. Genetic diversity varied significantly amongst the four species. The species in the centre of the genus distribution contained the highest genetic diversity, regardless of rarity. The undescribed R. sp.‘Cooper Ck’ was identified as a clearly distinct species with morphological affinities to R. papuana, but genetic affinities to R. grallata. The study showed that, where the distributions of R. grallata and R. sp.‘Cooper Ck’ overlapped, there was evidence of hybridization. Reproductive participation within populations was typically low with limited flowering synchrony. Populations of all four species were inbred, but higher levels of inbreeding were not correlated with lower genetic diversity. The timing of flowering appeared to be determined by climate. Altitudinal variation in phenological timing in R. sp.‘Cooper Ck’ has led to genetic isolation within the species, but has also limited its genetic introgression with the co-occurring R. grallata.
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Memory development in Libyan and Dutch school children - Shebani, Mustafa F. A.; Vijver, Fons J. R. van de; Poortinga, Ype H. (European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2008)
Abstract Cross-cultural similarities and differences in memory were examined in two studies with Libyan and Dutch school children of two different grades. The first study analysed effects of word length and pronunciation speed on recall. Baddeley's phonological loop hypothesis could fully account for the somewhat larger digit span of the Dutch children. The second study investigated effects of rehearsal training on recall. Experimental groups showed a higher performance increase after training than did control groups; Libyan children with the same pretest scores as Dutch children showed higher posttest scores, which could be a consequence of sample differences in age or test-wiseness. The studies demonstrated that current theories provide more precise explanations of cross-cultural differences in structural memory features than in control processes. Implications for instructional practice are discussed.
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Swot analysis of the blood transfusion chain in a large teaching hospital in Uganda; An observational base line study - Sibinga, C. Th. Smit; Graaf, Johan de; Kajja, [No Value]; Bimenya, G. S.; Postma, MJ (Vox Sanguinis, 2008)
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Beyond the Desertification Narrative: A Framework for Agricultural Drought in Semi-arid East Africa - Slegers, M.F.W.; Stroosnijder, L. (AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 2008)
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Exclusion and inclusion in education policy and practice in South Africa: Understanding the new state - Soudien, Crain; Sayed, Yusuf (2008)
This new and important book moves away from a special education course, reflecting a broad consideration of social justice and inclusion that encompasses a variety of concerns about the lived experience of domination, oppression and injustice, and seeks to understand the complex intersections of a number of often overlapping categories of social identity and conflict, including cultural, ethnic, and racialised identities, gender sexual orientation, class and disability.
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An innovation systems perspective on strengthening agricultural education and training in sub-Saharan Africa - Spielman, David J.; Ekboir, Javier M.; Davis, Kristin; Ochieng, Cosmas Milton Obote (Agricultural Systems, 2008)
This paper examines the role of postsecondary agricultural education and training (AET) in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of the region’s agricultural innovation systems. Specifically, the paper looks at how AET in sub-Saharan Africa can contribute to agricultural development by strengthening innovative capacity, or the ability of individuals and organisations to introduce new products and processes that are socially or economically relevant, particularly with respect to smallholder farmers who represent the largest group of agricultural producers in the region. The paper argues that while AET is conventionally viewed in terms of its role in building human and scientific capital, its also has a vital role to play in building the capacity of organisations and individuals to transmit and adapt new applications of existing information, new products and processes, and new organisational cultures and behaviours. The paper emphasizes the importance of improving AET systems by strengthening the innovative capabilities of AET organisations and professionals; changing organisational cultures, behaviours, and incentives; and building innovation networks and linkages. Specific recommendations in support of this include aligning the mandates of AET organisations with national development aspirations by promoting new educational programs that are more strategically attuned to the different needs of society; inducing change in the cultures of AET organisations through the introduction of educational programs and linkages beyond the formal AET system; and strengthening individual and organisational capacity by improving the incentives to forge stronger linkages between AET and diverse user communities, knowledge sources, and private industry.
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The Farmer Life School: experience from an innovative approach to HIV education among farmers in South Africa - Swaans, Kees; Broerse, Jacqueline E W; Salomon, Monique; Mudhara, Maxwell; Mweli, Makhosazana; Bunders, Joske (SAHARA-J, 2008)
The Farmer Life School (FLS) is an innovative approach to integrating HIV education into life skills and technical training for farmers. This study aims to gain insight into the strengths and weaknesses of this relatively new approach, through the implementation of an adapted version in South Africa. The results are presented of a pilot with three groups of community gardeners, predominantly women, attending weekly sessions. Impact was assessed in terms of three key elements: participation, learning, and empowerment. Data were collected through extensive session reports, follow-up interviews, and reflection exercises with facilitators and participating groups and individuals. The results suggest that a group-based discovery learning approach such as the FLS has great potential to improve food security and wellbeing, while allowing participants to explore issues around HIV/AIDS. However, the analysis also shows that HIV/AIDS-related illness and death, and the factors that drive the epidemic and its impact, undermine farmers' ability to participate, the safety and trust required for learning, and the empowerment process. Participatory approaches such as the FLS require a thorough understanding of and adaptation to the context.
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The Effect of Learning Communities on Achievement in STEM Fields for African Americans across Four Campuses - Taylor, Orlando L.; McGowan, Jill; Alston, Sharon (Journal of Negro Education, 2008)
Four historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), Howard University, Jackson State University, Talladega College, and Xavier University of Louisiana, participated in a project titled, Learning Communities for STEM Academic Achievement (LCSAA), whose goal was to increase the participation of African American students in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The means to achieve this goal was the adoption of a faculty learning community that was designed to improve teaching and learning in science and mathematics on the four campuses. This article describes briefly how the program was implemented on each campus and highlights some of the outcomes of the project at each campus, both in terms of students' grades and student and faculty attitudes. The low performance of African Americans in the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) from K-12 through college is well documented. (Russell, 2005; Russell & Atwater, 2005; see Table 1). Most explanations for this low performance have focused on some deficiency in the learners or in me learners' environments, such as poor schools, no books in the home, poverty, single parenthood, insufficient or no role models in STEM (Brown, 2005; Steele, 1999; Qi, 2006). Rarely has mere been an emphasis on examining the teaching pedagogies mat are used to teach the STEM discipline to diese students. There is a group of colleges in the United States mat often accept and enroll African American students who frequently do not have the paper credentials or test scores that would suggest success in STEM disciplines. These institutions, historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), have had an incredible track record in educating, graduating, and sending many of these same students on to graduate school for advanced degrees through the doctorate level. In 2005, the 105 HBCUs (3% of all colleges and universities in the United States), graduated 21% of all African Americans who earned baccalaureate degrees (National Science Foundation, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c). HBCUs produced 22.3% of African American science and engineering baccalaureates, and when the fields are restricted to traditionally hard sciences (biology, computer science, earth sciences, mathematics and statistics, physical sciences and engineering) HBCUs graduated 31% of the African Americans earning those degrees (National Science Foundation, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c). Twelve of these institutions are among the top 20 institutions mat produce African American baccalaureate degree recipients who go on to obtain the doctoral degree. In some fields, their track record is even more impressive. In 2005, of the 166 African Americans who received bachelor's degrees in physics, 85 (51%) came from HBCUs (National Science Foundation, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c). This project grew out of mese two compelling points: (a) low performance of African American college students in STEM on the one hand and (b) the high overall academic success rates of African Americans at HBCUs on the other. It focused not on perceived impediments to learning, but also on the pedagogies that are used to teach STEM disciplines. The belief was that if HBCUs could document and disseminate more effective pedagogies for teaching the STEM disciplines beyond traditional teaching/learning models mat have been associated wim these failures, men perhaps significant improvements in learning could occur for mese students thought the higher education community. Therefore, the project sought to create faculty learning communities through which pedagogy in the STEM disciplines could be enhanced. Faculty learning communities may be useful in improving students' success, particularly, in African American education (e.g., West-Olatunji, Behar-Horenstein, Rant & Cohen-Phillips, 2008). Additionally, collaborative learning has been proven beneficial in a variety of contexts. A requirement for students to explain problems to one another seems to enhance their own understanding (Fawcett & Garton, 2005). …
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Long term context for recent drought in northwestern Africa - Touchan, Ramzi; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Meko, David M.; Attalah, Said; Baisan, Christopher H.; Aloui, Ali (Geophysical research letters, 2008)
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to exacerbate midlatitude aridity. Here, we analyze newly developed multi‐century tree‐ring records for a long‐term perspective on drought in Tunisia and Algeria. We use a new set of 13 Cedrus atlantica and Pinus halepensis chronologies with a strong signal for warm‐season drought (May–August) to generate a robust, well‐validated reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the period AD 1456–2002. Key features of the reconstruction reveal the magnitude of pre‐instrumental droughts from the historic record. Remarkably, the most recent drought (1999–2002) appears to be the worst since at least the middle of the 15th century. This drought is consistent with the early signature of a transition to more arid midlatitude conditions, as projected by general circulation models.
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Gender discrimination and education in West Africa: strategies for maintaining girls in school - Tuwor, Theresa; Sossou, Marie‐Antoinette (International journal of inclusive education, 2008)
Abstract Girls’ enrolment in primary schools has achieved significant increase and parity with male enrolment in many countries in Africa since the 1960s. Some of these countries include Botswana, Namibia and Tanzania. However, in most Sub‐Saharan African countries, female enrolment still lags behind male enrolment. This paper examines some of the reasons for the persistent gender gap between females and males in the three African countries of Ghana, Nigeria and Togo within the West Africa sub‐region. It discusses gender relations, cultural practices such as early marriage, child slavery, and child fostering/trafficking, poverty and multiple household duties for girls as some of the contributing factors. It is argued that unless these cultural beliefs and attitudes are changed and mandatory measures such as holding parents accountable and responsible are put in place, gender parity and quality education for all, especially for females, will not be achieved in Africa. A number of additional strategies for improvement in school attendance and retention for females are also discussed.
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Primary Education in Crisis : Why South African schoolchildren underachieve in reading and mathematics, Brahm Fleisch : book review - Venkat, Hamsa (Education As Change, 2008)
Brahm Fleisch's recent book - 'Primary Education in Crisis' - is centred on a consideration of the nature and pattern of under achievement in reading and mathematics in South African primary schools. Having provided a detailed outline of this under achievement, the book moves onto a wide ranging analysis that cuts across educational, economic, political, health and cultural sectors, presenting factors that, according to significant bodies of evidence, suggest contribute to this pattern of under achievement in primary schools.
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Group Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Youth in IDP Camps in Northern Uganda: Adaptation and Training - Verdeli, Helen; Clougherty, Kathleen F.; Onyango, Grace; Lewandowski, Eric; Speelman, Liesbeth; Betancourt, Teresa S.; Neugebauer, Richard; Stein, Traci R.; Bolton, Paul (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2008)
This article reviews the use of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with depressed youth living in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in North Uganda. This youth has been exposed to severe losses and disruptions in relationships with caregivers, family, and community members; limited access to formal education; exposure to malnutrition and infections; and pressure to prematurely assume adult family roles. The process of adaptation to the content and training of IPT for these youth is presented and illustrated with case examples.
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Potential impacts of climate change on the climatically suitable growth areas ofPinusandEucalyptus: results from a sensitivity study in South Africa - Warburton, ML; Schulze, R. E. (Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science, 2008)
Global average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.74 °C over the most recent 100-year period. At a regional level in South Africa, detectable changes in both the rainfall and temperature patterns have occurred in the past 50 years. Climate change has become a reality that can no longer be ignored. Given the relatively long timescales of plant-to-harvest rotations in the commercial production forestry sector in South Africa, and the significant investment implied, climate change has the potential to have substantial impacts on forestry productivity and profitability. Under climate change conditions the climatically optimum areas for specific forest species are hypothesised to shift, with optimum areas changing in extent and location between and within provinces. This paper focuses on the Eucalyptus and Pinus genera. From the ICFR Forestry Productivity Toolbox, climate criteria for three Pinus species plus one hybrid, and four Eucalyptus species plus one hybrid, were used in combination with gridded maps of present mean annual temperature and mean annual rainfall to assess climatically optimum, moderate- and high-risk growth areas, as well as unsuitable growth areas over southern Africa. The temperature and rainfall variables were then perturbed through plausible ranges of projected future climates to determine the potential impacts of climate change on the climatically optimum, moderate and unsuitable growth areas of the Pinus and Eucalyptus families. For both families, rising temperatures may slightly increase the optimum growth area in Mpumalanga and the Eastern Cape, whereas in KwaZulu-Natal the area may reduce. The Pinus species showed less sensitivity to rising temperatures than eucalypts. The two hybrids exhibited less sensitivity than other species of their genera. The hybrid Pinus ExC emerged as least sensitive to increasing temperature. Declining rainfall concomitant with rising temperature will have an especially negative effect on total area of optimal growth. An increase in rainfall will, however, offset all negative impacts of temperature and increase total optimum growth area for both families.
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Assessment of organochlorine pesticide pollution in Upper Awash Ethiopian state farm soils using selective pressurised liquid extraction - Westbom, Rikard; Hussen, Ahmed; Megersa, Negussie; Retta, Negussie; Mathiasson, Lennart; Björklund, Erland (Chemosphere, 2008)
Upper Awash Agro Industry Enterprises (UAAIE) is one of the major state farms in Ethiopia with known large-scale pesticide use. Although organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been applied for about three decades, no studies have been carried out on levels of residue in the region. In this work a fast selective pressurised liquid extraction (SPLE) methodology has successfully been applied for screening of 13 OCPs in 12 soil samples from different fields in UAAIE, which further strengthen this methodology. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done using a dual column gas chromatography–electron capture detection system (GC–ECD) and a GC equipped with a mass spectrometer (MS), respectively. The main contaminants identified comprised of previously used persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and currently used insecticides. Low concentrations or non-detectable levels of certain OCPs (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and heptachlor) indicate a positive phasing out of these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Similarly HCHs were found in few soils and at low concentrations. Endosulfans and DDTs were detected in substantial amounts in the soils with Σendosulfans up to 56 000 and ΣDDTs up to 230 ng g−1 dry weight, which is a threat to the surrounding and downstream ecosystems, especially considering that the investigated OCPs constituted 29 000 l of the 63 000 l of pesticide applied annually on the fields. Additional concerns must be raised concerning synergistic effects of all pesticides added.
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A Quantitative Examination of Oppositional Identity among African American and Latino Middle-School Students (2008)
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Racial Identity Attitudes, School Achievement, and Academic Self-Efficacy among African American High School Students (2008)
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The current pollution status of the new Calabar river in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria: A survey of antibiogram profiles of its bacterial isolates - Abu, Gideon O.; Egenonu., Chidiebere (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2008)
The incidence of environmental pollutants on bacterial strains isolated from the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria were investigated in order to ascertain the possible effects on antibiotic resistance and patterns. The physico-chemical parameters of the water samples assayed included temperature, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, salinity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, total dissolved solids, sulphate, oil and grease, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, mercury and iron. Antibiogram of bacterial isolates from the water samples were sought using the disk diffusion method. Results showed multiple antibiotic resistance patterns among the bacterial isolates. The levels of resistance exhibited by the isolates to specific antibiotics were: Ampicillin 66.7%, Rifampicin 66.7%, Tetracycline 53.3%, Cephalothin 46.7%, Erythromycin 46.7%, Novobiocin 40%, Chloramphenicol 33.3%, Nalidixic acid 33.3%, Streptomycin 33.3%, Cotrimoxazole 26.7%, Norfloxacin 13.3%, Ciprofloxacin 6.7%, Ofloxacin 6.7%, Amikacin 0%, Gentamycin 0% and Pefloxacin 0%. Higher incidence of antibiotic resistance was observed at sites with pronounced industrial and human activities, suggesting possible effect of pollutants on the ecosystem. There was weak correlation (r = 0.28) between incidence of antibiotic resistance and faecal coliforms. This suggests that the antibiotic resistance patterns of these bacterial isolates may be due to factors that are not linked to faecal pollution. The presence of chemical pollutants may have contributed to the increased antibiotic resistance observed at sites with pronounced industrial and human activities. Key words : Antibiogram, New Calabar river, pollution, coliforms, physico-chemical.
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Teaching and University Teaching; Nigeria Example - Adeyemi, Adeniyi; Oribabor, O. A. (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2008)
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University Teaching Methods; Nigeria Example - Adeyemi, Adeniyi; Oribabor, O. A. (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2008)
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Teachers' Teaching Experience and Students' Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. - Adeyemi, T. O. (Educational Research Review, 2008)
This article examined teachers’ teaching experience and students’ learning outcomes in the secondary schools in Ondo State Nigeria. As a correlational survey, the study population comprised all the 257 secondary schools in the State. This population was made up of 147 rural schools and 110 urban schools. It was also made up of 12 single sex schools and 245 mixed schools. Out of the population, a sample of 180 schools was drawn through the process of stratified random sampling technique. An inventory and a semi-structured interview schedule were the instruments used to collect information for the study. The data collected were analysed using chi square test, correlation analysis and t-test. The semi-structured interview was conducted with selected principals and education officers. Their responses were analysed through content analysis. The findings revealed that teachers’ teaching experience was significant with students’ learning outcomes as measured by their performance in the SSC examinations. Schools having more teachers with five years and above teaching experience achieved better results than schools having more teachers with less than five years teaching experience. Considering the findings, it was recommended that government should encourage experienced teachers to stay on the job by providing them with more incentives and better promotional prospects. The condition of service of teachers should also been improved. Key word: Teachers, teaching, experience, students, learning, outcomes.
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Awareness and opinions about HIV/AIDS among secondary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria - Bankole, Olubanke Mofoluwaso; Mabekoje, O. O. (Scientific Research and Essays, 2008)
Information is vital to enable people have accurate understanding of the modes of transmission and prevention strategies of HIV/AIDS, and in this regard, teachers are expected to play a major role in the provision of information to promote awareness leading to behavioral change among students. The teachers’ knowledge and perception about the disease will influence how they are able to perform this role. It is against this background that we sought to assess the knowledge and opinions of 514 secon dary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria about HIV/AIDS using the survey questionnaire method. The overall mean knowledge scores on facts and modes of transmissions of HIV/AIDS for all the respondents were 5.7 out of 7 and 13.9 out of 17, respectively. Misunderstandings particularly on the likelihood of HIV transmission during oral sex, from donated blood, from mother to child during pregnancy and during breast-feeding were frequent among the teachers. The respondents who expressed favourable attitudes ranged from 22.2 to 50.8% for the various expressions which expressed positive and negative perception about people living with HIV/AIDS. Television (81.3%), radio ((72.2%), newspapers (64.0%) and friends (56.6%) were the major sources of information on HIV/AIDS, while least utilized sources were the library (11.3%), telephone hotlines (9.7%) and internet (8.2%). Only 16.5% of the teachers mentioned ever discussing HIV issues with students. The problems identified as obstacles to teaching of HIV/AIDS to students included lack of adequate knowledge, the fear that it might promote promiscuity among students and lack of special training on the subject. We recommend regular training workshops for the teachers to increase and update their knowledge of HIV/AIDS so that they could have the confidence of passing HIV/AIDS knowledge to students. The paper also recommends the involvement of libraries in activities that will promote easy access and retrieval of HIV/AIDS information materials. Key words: HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitudes; information sources, secondary school teachers.
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Social Constructivism in Games Based Learning in The South African Context - Foko, Thato; Amory, Alan (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2008)
openalex: W1904157851 mag: 1904157851
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Federal government assistance for web-based secondary education under poor socio-economic development conditions in Nigeria: Geodemographic and qualitative analyses - Ingwe, Richard; Otu, Judith E.; Agi, S. P. I.; Eja, Eja I.; Ukwayi, J. K. (Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2008)
Within barely 15 to 20 years, information and communication technologies (ICTs)-driven new digital economy and high competition for global market share has engendered hunger for knowledge as one of the main drivers of economic development factor for cities, states, nations and organizations in advanced nations. For Nigeria, presenting scandalous poverty, afflicting 70 to 89% of its mostly rural and digitally excluded people, the need for building capacity in ICT is urgent and imperative. This paper examines the problem of lopsidedness in web assistance to secondary schools by Nigeria’s Federal Government through the Schoolnet’s Diginet programme. Models for promoting Internet use in Africa and Asia are presented. The method of geodemographic analysis was used to highlight inequalities in web assistance to Nigerian secondary (high) schools by computing per capita web assistance for secondary schools in Nigeria’s 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (Abuja). The results show that the highest share of web assistance to schools went to Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), with a per capita web assistance of 3.56 x 10-6. The lowest web assistance shares were given to Kano and Lagos with per capita web assistance of 4.26 x 10-7 and 4.44 x 10-7 respectively. The value added by geodemographic analysis is demonstrated by highlighting the lowest per capita shares for Kano and Lagos highlighting interaction between high population sizes of these two most populous states (Kano: 9,383,682 and Lagos: 9,013,534) compared to other Nigerian states. It is argued that greater success in delivering social justice is achievable by applying evidence-based policy derived from geodemographic analysis in sharing web assistance that is commensurate with the populations’ need. While the use of population size is the starting point of this geodemographic method, other demographic variables (school aged youth, gender and so forth) may be used in further studies of this and related subjects. Such a transparent method promises to attract public-private partnership that Nigeria’s Federal Government has been inviting to manage schools in the country. Moreover, it avoids recurrent problems of inequality in resource allocation that has perpetually decimated Nigeria’s development programmes and processes. Key words: Information and communication technologies (ICTs), internet, high schools, geo-demographic analysis.
openalex: W2161810138 mag: 2161810138
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Toward ICT Integration in the Science Classroom: A Comparative Study of Cases in Lesotho and South Africa - Kalanda, Kasongo; Villiers, Ruth de (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2008)
This comparative study into the integration of technology into teaching and learning, examines cases of computer use and e-learning in Science classrooms in two Southern African states, namely, South Africa (SA) and the Kingdom of Lesotho. Twenty one teachers from four high schools, two in each country, participated in data collection involving observation sessions, questionnaires and interviews. E-learning in SA schools with established e-learning programmes was compared with the Lesotho situation to establish precedents. Furthermore, obstacles were identified that impede ICT integration in Lesotho. The Lesotho teachers are enthusiastic and keen to persevere, but consistent integration of technology as a teaching and learning tool has yet to emerge. The study identified the following main issues that hinder ICT integration: Teachers require appropriate training and workshops; more time should be set aside for technological orientation, lesson planning, and for students to use computers; hardware and software infrastructures require systematic maintenance and upgrades.
openalex: W1528758865 mag: 1528758865
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Postgraduate Student Retention and Success: A South African Case Study - Koen, Charlton (2008)
openalex: W2779183988 mag: 2779183988
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Teacher Education and Institutional Change in South Africa - Kruss, Glenda (2008)
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Pattern of reserve storage of the two mussel species Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis living on Moroccan coasts: annual variation and effect of pollution - Moukrim, Abdellatif; Halla, Mohamed Id; Kaaya, A.; Bouhaimi, Abdellah; Benomar, Soumaya; Mathieu, Michel (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2008)
openalex: W4291695096
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THE INTERNET IN TERTIARY EDUCATION IN AFRICA: RECENT TRENDS - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
Poor Internet connectivity is one of the pertinent issues in the digital divide between developing and industrialized countries, hampering the transition to the global information society. Recent emergence of national and regional research and education data communication networks in parts of the developing world have shown large benefits arising from collaboration amongst tertiary education institutes. Africa is currently the most under-served continent in terms of the information and communication technologies. Hence the collaboration amongst tertiary education institutes in Africa is imperative to make them key players in the enhancement of information and communication technologies for society. An attempt is made in this article to delve the recent trends that emerged from the higher educational institutes in Africa. The paper also highlights the key role of tertiary education and Internet that can induce social and economic developments.
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Education and violence: The schools micro-politics and the macro-politics in Zimbabwe - Tshabangu, Icarbord (Educational Research Review, 2008)
This study examined forms of violence in Zimbabwean schools and sought to draw an analogy with the country’s macro-politics. Key interrelationships emerged which painted an endemic culture of violence. Over three hundred (300) students and eighty, (80) teachers submitted 2 - 3 page-written accounts on their schools’ micro-politics. Thirty, (30) trainee teachers and seven (7) lecturers also completed a qualitative questionnaire. Cartoons were also used to capture the experience of citizens in the macropolitics. The degrading and violent disciplinary networks applied by teachers on students in violation of statutory disciplinary regulations were noted. It was also established that knowledge discourses and new trainee teachers have been politicised into partisanship and intolerance, a situation that may serve to perpetuate a violent culture and compromise teacher professionalism. This article therefore discussed participants’ accounts and concluded by posing key points and recommendations which were seen as critical, if Zimbabwe is to untangle from the gripping forces of violence.
openalex: W2119966288 mag: 2119966288
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The role of the South African Democratic Teachers Union in the process of teacher rationalisation in the Western Cape between 1990 and 2001 - Whittle, Granville Christiaan (2008)
openalex: W226210892 mag: 226210892
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Availability, Teachers’ Awareness and Attitude towards the Use of Assistive Technologies in Special Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria - Yusuf, Mudasiru Olalere; Fakomogbon, Michael Ayodele (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2008)
openalex: W1576582945 mag: 1576582945
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Disorders Of Sexual Preference Among Secondary School Teachers In Ilorin, Nigeria - Makanjuola, A B; Adegunloye, OA; Ml, Adelekan (Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008)
Background: In Nigeria, there is a dearth of data on Disorders of Sexual Preference (DSP), which is due to the unwillingness by most people to volunteer information on such issues. In spite of this, anecdotal evidence suggests strongly that DSP exist in Nigeria. Aims and objectives: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of DSP in a sample of teachers in Ilorin, Nigeria. Method: Using a stratified random sampling method, all eligible and consenting respondents were interviewed. A pilot-tested, self-administered questionnaire containing items on sociodemographic and clinical variables and the General Health Questionnaire-30 (GHQ-30) were used for the interview. Results: From a sampling frame of 2,176 teachers, 450 teachers were interviewed but only 408 responses were analyzable. Eighty-nine respondents had ICD-10 compatible DSP giving a combined prevalence rate of 21.8%. The commonest disorder was voyeurism (9.6%) while the least common were paedophilia (0.98%), and exhibitionism (0.74%). Generally, DSP were significantly associated with increased age, male gender, and psychiatric caseness (GHQ score of 4 and above). Conclusion: DSP may not be as rare in Nigeria as currently perceived. Efforts should therefore be made to increase their level of recognition by the public and medical personnel and to encourage those affected to access available help in appropriate treatment facilities. Keywords: Sexual Preference, Disorders, Secondary School Teachers, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 26-30
openalex: W2066063278 mag: 2066063278
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The Impact of Job Training on the Performances of Moroccan Firms: Empirical Evidence with Firm-Level Panel Data - Hanchane, Saïd; Dumas, Audrey (2008)
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of job training program, as part of the special training contracts (contrats speciaux de formation) prompted by the Moroccan government, on the performances of Moroccan firms. Using firm level panel data, we highlight that the special training contracts is an efficient measure of public policy. Indeed, job training programs increase the competitiveness and the performances of Moroccan firms. Besides, these effects are even better when the implementation of training by Moroccan firms is part of a real strategy of human resources development. On the contrary, when firms consider the public policy only as a financing opportunity, they are severly sanctioned .
openalex: W3122130369 mag: 3122130369
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Value Chain for Higher Education Sector-Case Studies of India and Tanzania - Makkar, Urvashi; Gabriel, Elisante ole; Tripathi, Shiv (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
openalex: W1192560051 mag: 1192560051
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Considering semiotic ideologies in the design of literacy learning software for multilingual youth and adults in rural South Africa - Babson, Andrew (2008)
Recently, interest has grown in understanding how sociocultural processes inform the design and use of learning technologies. In 2006, I managed the design and piloting of a multilingual literacy learning software for youth and adults in rural South Africa. Drawing from observations of and informal interviews with twenty-six learners who piloted the software, I propose that the software provided the learners with opportunities to reassess not only important self-understandings as learners of basic literacy skills, but also speakers of certain languages and in general, certain kinds of people. The findings, analyzed within the framework of semiotic ideology, support a broader proposition that literacy programs, and the technologies used in them, can serve as forcible mediators of people's understandings of what languages, signs and sociocultural identifications are.
openalex: W2395199498 mag: 2395199498
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Education status among orphans and non-orphans in communities affected by AIDS in Tanzania and Burkina Faso - Kürzinger, M. L.; Pagnier, J.; Kahn, Jim; Hampshire, Rachel; Wakabi, Timothy; Dye, Timothy D. (AIDS Care, 2008)
The AIDS pandemic has created an estimated 15 million orphans who may face elevated risk of poor health and social outcomes. This paper compares orphans and non-orphans regarding educational status and delay using data collected in three low-income communities affected by AIDS in Tanzania and Burkina Faso. Orphans were significantly more likely not to attend school than were non-orphans and also to be delayed when in school, though, after controlling for confounders, the risk was borderline and non-significant. Multivariate analysis indicates that variables such as age, religion, family of origin, the relation between the child and the head of household and the dependency ratio of the household better explain differences in education than does orphan status. This study suggests, therefore, that orphans' educational status is relatively equivalent to non-orphans perhaps as a result of family based or community program safety nets.
openalex: W2010280148 mag: 2010280148
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Noise levels and hearing impairment in an urban community in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria - Omokhodion, Folashade O.; Ekanem, Simeon U.; Uchendu, Obioma (Journal of Public Health, 2008)
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Lake Nyos Cameroon volcanic line; a sustainable degassing method - Tchouankoué, Jean Pierre; Temdjim, Robert; Tchawoua, C. (Congres Geologique International, Resumes, 2008)
openalex: W2913470032 mag: 2913470032
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The Major Influences of the Boundless-Extended Family System on the Professional Experiences of Black Zimbabwean Women Leaders in Higher Education - Chitiga, Miriam (Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, 2008)
General Introduction purpose of this article is to discuss some of the influences of the extended family on the professional experiences of black women leaders working within the higher education sector of Zimbabwe, a southern African nation. article is based on information provided in interviews conducted with thirty female Zimbabwean higher education leaders who revealed their major extended family responsibilities and how those domestic experiences interact with their public professional experiences. paper examines these women's familial and professional experiences within the context of the interrelated, socially constructed classification systems of race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, and class as they operate in Zimbabwe. paper concludes by suggesting collaborative ways of alleviating burdens imposed by extended family responsibilities to improve the professional experiences of the women leaders. Contexualization black women leaders in the study live and work within the shared unique contexts of Zimbabwe; therefore, their extended family experiences are analyzed within the appropriate Zimbabwean power hierarchies based on race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation and class. Feminists of African, Asian, and other Third World descent advocate the study of the complex and multiple intersections of the social systems of stratification mentioned above to critically examine any social situation (Gaidzanwa 1997; Mikell 1997; Hill Collins 1991; Harrison 2001; hooks 1984). Reacting to the tendency of early white, middle class and western feminists, especially those in the first wave of feminism, to universalize and essentialize women and their experiences, non-western feminists, womanists of color, (Alice Walker 1983) and Third World feminists highlight the diversity of women's experiences regarding the ways they are influenced by the intersections of their specific social and power differential systems. In other words, they insist that gender hierarchies be analyzed in conjunction with other systems of stratifications based on race, nationality, sexual orientation, and class. Similar analytical frameworks are also called for and used by many critical social scientists and feminist scholars (i.e. Harrison 2000; Weber 2001; Nicholson 1997; Tong 1998; Sleeter and Grant 1999; West and Fenstermaker 1995). One major goal of such critical feminist scholars (including global, African, Third-World, black feminists and womanists) is to examine the lives of women in a more holistic fashion, which takes into consideration the diverse influences and differential factors that shape their experiences, (Anderson and Collins 1992; Harrison 2001; Weber 2001; hooks 1984; West and Fenstermaker 1995). Weber (2001, 19) states: Every social situation is affected by society-wide historical patterns of [nationality] race, class, gender, and sexuality that are not necessarily apparent to the participants and are experienced differently depending upon the [specific social stratification characteristics] of the people involved. This paper analyzes the impact of the extended family responsibilities on the work lives of the women leaders within the contexts of the systems of social stratification prevalent in Zimbabwe. analysis examines how multiple systems of oppression and exploitation simultaneously operate to disadvantage, discriminate, disempower, suppress, prejudice, exploit, and oppress women. Bonvillain (2001, 11) writes, The notion of stratification refers to unequal access to social prestige and power available to and assumed by certain members of a society. It may be linked to unequal access to resources, goods, and political power. power and privilege embedded within the systems of race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, and class are temporal in that the categories gain or lose their meanings and influence in relation to historical epochs (West and Fenstermaker 1995; Weber 2001; Harrison 2001). …
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Evaluation of the impacts of climate changes on the coastal Chaouia aquifer, Morocco, using numerical modeling - Moustadraf, Jalal; Razack, Moumtaz; Sinan, Mohamed (Hydrogeology Journal, 2008)
openalex: W1848154150 mag: 1848154150
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UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIPIN NIGERIA. - Abayomi, Sofoluwe Olumade (2008)
The research was carried out to investigate the relationship between university education and youth entrepreneurship in Nigeria The research design was correlational using the survey method. Purposive technique was used to select 1200 respondents from two geopolitical zones in Nigeria The data gathering instrument was the University Education and Youth Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (UEA YEQ). Three hypotheses generated were tested at .05 level of significance. The data were analysed using Multiple Regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistics. The findings revealed that university education significantly influenced youth entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It was recommended that university curricula should be re-designed and government must expand the opportunities for entrepreneurship development programme for all the unemployed youth in Nigeria
openalex: W1487544536 mag: 1487544536
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EDUCATION: A CATALYST FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENTIN NIGERIA - James, Ojobo A (2008)
This paper examines the place of education as a catalyst for women empowerment in Nigeria. The paper, using primary and secondary sources of data, has shown that in spite of all the laudable goals and objectives of education, Nigerian women still suffer a lot of constraints and inhibitions which militate against both personal and national development. The paper therefore recommends, among others, the involvement of women in educational policy formulation, extensive enlightenment campaigns, the discarding of stereotypical division of work into men’s and women’s job. Women must organize themselves to meet the challenges of a positive and meaningful role in the struggle for personal and national emancipation, development and progress.
openalex: W1737252037 mag: 1737252037
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Information Management System (Ims) For Gender Mainstreaming In Higher Education: The Case Of The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania - Msuya, Jangawe; Mukangara, F (University of Dar es Salaam Library journal, 2008)
Information Management System (IMS) is an essential tool in supporting the provision of information needed for planning and decision making in any organization. Proper IMS facilitates the smooth flow of information both vertical and horizontal. This paper presents the findings of a survey on information needs of the Gender Development Programme Committee (GDPC) of the University of Dar es Salaam that was carried out with a view to developing appropriate Information Management System. A total of 180 respondents were involved in this study, comprising of students, faculty members, administrative staff and the Senior University Management. Interview, questionnaire, in-depth interview and focus group discussions were the main data collection methods. The study revealed that GDPC generates a lot of information on its activities such as gender based research opportunities, undergraduate female scholarships and gender sensitization workshops. Information on these activities is highly needed by the stakeholders but there is no organized vertical and horizontal system of information flow. The study recommends the establishment of GDPC's information dissemination mechanism, including developing databases on GDPC activities, creation of a website, establishing a documentation unit and transforming GDPC to a full fledged Gender Centre. University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal Vol. 9 (2) 2007: pp. 86-104
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RETRACTION: Sociodemographic variations in communication on sexuality and HIV/AIDS with parents, family members and teachers among in-school adolescents: A multi-site study in Tanzania and South Africa - Namisi, F. S.; Flisher, A. J; Overland, S.; Bastien, S.; Onya, H.; Kaaya, Sylvia; Aaro, L. E. (Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2008)
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ADULT EDUCATION IN A DEREGULATED ECONOMY:A CASE OF NIGERIA - Ronke, Ojo Christiana (2008)
Deregulation, a terminology of the removal of regulations and restriction especially from price fixing includes, in Nigeria, the ‘callous’ withdrawal of subsidies, (on fuel, on education and so on) by the desperate Nigerian executive to fulfill part of the conditions for debt relief This paper perceives this as another dry gin, gunpowder umbrella and so forth, in replacement of slaves for white man’s plantation. It further noted C* reoccurrence of vacuum in education sub-sector. The paper seeks to give conceptual clarification to the term deregulation as applicable to adult education. To this end, the writer critically analyses the terms deregulation, and adult education. The main thrust of the paper shall be to critically bring out the effect of deregulated economy on adult education in Nigeria.
openalex: W1808969574 mag: 1808969574
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e- LEARNING AS AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY TO INCREASEENROLMENT IN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONAND TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA - Simiyu, John; Juliet, Macharia (2008)
Various modes of interactive technologies are providing new opportunities and strategies for enhancing teaching at a distance. Distance learning has the potential to increase access and accelerated learning opportunities. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programmes experience dwindling enrolments whereby distance learning can be used to employ innovative methods and technologies to increase student enrolment. This paper examines how such modes are used giving a typical example and experience in TVET.
openalex: W1573569114 mag: 1573569114
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The roles of ethnic identity, anti-white attitudes, and academic self-concept in African American student achievement - Cokley, Kevin; Chapman, Collette (Social Psychology of Education, 2008)
openalex: W2063044785 mag: 2063044785
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The impact of improved neonatal intensive care facilities on referral pattern and outcome at a teaching hospital in Ghana - Enweronu‐Laryea, Christabel; Nkyekyer, Kobinah; Rodrigues, Onike (Journal of Perinatology, 2008)
openalex: W2022411065 mag: 2022411065
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An Outcome Assessment of an ABC-Based HIV Peer Education Intervention Among Kenyan University Students - Miller, Ann Neville; Mutungi, Mike; Facchini, Elena; Barasa, Benard; Ondieki, Wycliffe; Warria, Charles (Journal of Health Communication, 2008)
This study reports an outcome assessment on an HIV peer education intervention at the main campus of Kenyatta University in Nairobi, Kenya. A quasiexperimental separate sample pretest-posttest design was used. Campuswide baseline and endline surveys were conducted with 632 and 746 students, respectively, soliciting information on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. After 2 years of on-campus intervention, no changes in behavior were evident with respect to either abstinence or number of sexual partners. Small but statistically significant changes were found in condom attitudes and behavior, and a large increase in HIV testing was evident. It is recommended that future research more specifically compare abstinence versus multiple option peer education programs, giving special attention to the role of peer educators as models.
openalex: W1976798453 mag: 1976798453
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Characteristics of hearing-impairment among patients in Ghana - Amedofu, GK; Ocansey, G; Antwi, BB (African journal of health sciences, 2008)
The causes, and characteristics of hearing-impairment were determined prospectively among six thousand, four hundred and twenty-eight (6,428) patients who reported at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) with hearing problems.The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics and some causes of hearing loss of patients who report for management at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.The procedure adopted included a detailed case history, Otoscopy and Pure-tone Audiometry.Of the 6,428 patients, 5,734 (89.9%) were diagnosed as having significant hearing loss.There were more hearing impaired women than men at all ages.Majority of the patients had mild hearing loss.The overall prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss was more in worse ear than better ear.Again, the occurrence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss was more than other types of hearing loss.Noise, Fever, Presbycusis, Sickness, Meningitis and Meniere's diseases were the major causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss.Conductive Hearing Loss was attributed in the main to Wax, Foreign Bodies, Otitis Media, and Traumas.These findings have important implications on the need of resources for rehabilitation.
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Using a Film to Challenge Heteronormativity: South African Teachers “Get Real” in Working with LGB Youth - Richardson, Eric M. (Journal of Lgbt Youth, 2008)
ABSTRACT The author explains how the film “Get Real” enabled him to explore, with a group of South African student teachers, the complex ways in which queer adolescents negotiate their daily lives, the struggles they have with “coming out” to their friends and families, the problems with representation, and the connections between hegemonic masculinity, heterosexism, and homophobia.
openalex: W1975931982 mag: 1975931982
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Education and girl-child empowerment : the case of Bunkpurugu/Yunyoo district in Northern Ghana - Fant, Elijah Kombian (2008)
openalex: W1518767502 mag: 1518767502
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The Knowledge And Practice Of Continuing Professional Development Among Professional Librarians In State-Owned University Libraries In Ghana - Adanu, Theodosia (Ghana Library Journal, 2008)
The study looked into the level of awareness and involvement in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) by professional librarians in the five state-owned university libraries in Ghana. The study also considered factors hindering and motivating participation in CPD activities. The survey approach was used. Findings revealed that majority of the population was aware of CPD and was involved in it to some extent. Respondents were generally motivated to pursue CPD. Funding stood out as the biggest obstacle to pursuing CPD activities. Keywords: University Libraries, Continuing Professional Development (Cpd), Professional Librarians, Academic Libraries, Ghana Ghana Library Journal Vol. 19 (1) 2007 pp. 1-19
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Investigating The Impact Of Climate Change On The Robustness Of Index-Based Microinsurance In Malawi - Hochrainer, Stefan; Mechler, Reinhard; Pflug, Georg Ch.; Lotsch, Alexander (2008)
This analysis explores the potential impact of climate change on the viability of the Malawi weather insurance program making use of scenarios of climate change-induced variations in rainfall patterns. The analysis is important from a methodological and policy perspective. By combining catastrophe insurance modeling with climate modeling, the methodology demonstrates the feasibility, albeit with large uncertainties, of estimating the effects of climate change on the near and long-term future of microinsurance schemes serving the poor. By providing a model-based estimate of the incremental role of climate change, along with the associated uncertainties, this methodology can quantitatively demonstrate the need for financial assistance to protect micro-insurance pools against climate-change induced insolvency. This is of major concern to donors, nongovernmental organizations, and others supporting these innovative systems; those actually at-risk; and insurers. A quantitative estimate of the additional burden that climate change imposes on weather insurance for poor regions is of interest to organizations funding adaptation.
openalex: W1522809432 mag: 1522809432
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HIV/AIDS, Climate Change And Disaster Management: Challenges For Institutions In Malawi - Suarez, Pablo; Givah, Precious; Storey, Kelvin; Lotsch, Alexander (2008)
Southern African institutions involved in disaster management face two major new threats: the HIV/AIDS pandemic (eroding organizational capacity and increasing vulnerability of the population), and climate change (higher risk of extreme events and disasters). Analyzing the combined effects of these two threats on six disaster-related institutions in Malawi, the authors find evidence of a growing gap between demand for their services and capacity to satisfy that demand. HIV/AIDS leads to staff attrition, high vacancy rates, absenteeism, increased workload and other negative effects enhanced by human resources policies and financial limitations. Many necessary tasks cannot be carried out adequately with constraints such as the 42 percent vacancy rate in the Department of Poverty and Disaster Management Affairs, or the reduction of rainfall stations operated by the Meteorological Service from over 800 in 1988 to just 135 in 2006. The authors highlight implications of declining organizational capacity for climate change adaptation, and formulate recommendations.
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Inclusive education of primary school aged children with Down Syndrome in Gauteng Province, South Africa. - Klompas, Michelle Shana (2008)
openalex: W1574881261 mag: 1574881261
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Homogenized Law: Can the United States Learn from African Mistakes? - Moran, Beverly I. (Social Science Research Network, 2008)
For the last fifty years we have seen an outflow of United States laws to developing countries. This legal outflow has caused problems of enforcement in societies that do not share the values, needs or concerns of the law producing state. Using law reform in Eritrea as a case study, the article asks what will happen in the United States when we become the recipient, rather than the exporter, of maladapted laws that serve the purpose of others instead of serving the unique needs of the United States and its economy.
openalex: W1490109130 mag: 1490109130
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In-Service training needs of extension workers in pineapple technology transfer in Southwestern Nigeria - Olajide-Taiwo, L. O.; Akinsorotan, A. O. (Moor Journal of Agricultural Research, 2008)
The study assessed the in-service training needs of extension workers involved in pineapple technology transfer in southwestern Nigeria. Predominantly pineapple-producing zones of Ogun, Ondo and Osun States Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs) were purposively selected. One hundred and six of the 209 extension workers in these zones were randomly sampled. Data were collected using pretested, structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, mean and Chi Square. Extension workers had a mean age of 37 years. Majority of them were married (84.9%), males (92.2%) with educational qualification of HND (50.9%). Extension workers' involvement in pineapple technology transfer was generally low especially in nursery site selection (15.1%), pre-nursery establishment (16.0%) and nursery management (16.0%). The mean knowledge score of the extensionists on pineapple technologies was below average (45.9%). Correlation analysis between knowledge and involvement of extension workers in pineapple technology transfer shows no significant relationship (r = 0.18, p> 0.05). Keywords:Pineapple; extension workers; training needs; in-service training Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7 (1&2) 2006 pp. 114-120
openalex: W1966779635 mag: 1966779635
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Thirty thousand years of vegetation development and climate change in Angola (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1078) - Dupont, Lydie M; Behling, Hermann; Kim, Jung-Hyun (Climate of The Past, 2008)
Abstract. ODP Site 1078 situated under the coast of Angola provides the first record of the vegetation history for Angola. The upper 11 m of the core covers the past 30 thousand years, which has been analysed palynologically in decadal to centennial resolution. Alkenone sea surface temperature estimates were analysed in centennial resolution. We studied sea surface temperatures and vegetation development during full glacial, deglacial, and interglacial conditions. During the glacial the vegetation in Angola was very open consisting of grass and heath lands, deserts and semi-deserts, which suggests a cool and dry climate. A change to warmer and more humid conditions is indicated by forest expansion starting in step with the earliest temperature rise in Antarctica, 22 thousand years ago. We infer that around the period of Heinrich Event 1, a northward excursion of the Angola Benguela Front and the Congo Air Boundary resulted in cool sea surface temperatures but rain forest remained present in the northern lowlands of Angola. Rain forest and dry forest area increase 15 thousand years ago. During the Holocene, dry forests and Miombo woodlands expanded. Also in Angola globally recognised climate changes at 8 thousand and 4 thousand years ago had an impact on the vegetation. During the past 2 thousand years, savannah vegetation became dominant.
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Factors Influencing the Completion of Dissertations by Students of Post-Graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) by Distance Learning in South-western Nigeria - Olakulehin, Felix Kayode; Ojo, Olugbenga David (The Journal for Open and Distance Education and Educational Technology, 2008)
This paper reports the outcome of a primary quantitative investigation into the factors responsible for the completion or otherwise of dissertation reports by postgraduate distance learning students in Nigeria. The study set out to determine the reasons why many postgraduate distance learners fail to complete their dissertations after the course work. Using a structured questionnaire designed on a five-Point Likert-type scale, the researchers captured the opinions of some postgraduate distance learners about the factors affecting their completion of their research work.The analysis of the study was done using simple percentages and it was found that many of the respondents had difficulty with statistical analysis; some others had problems identifying suitable research topics and supervisor problem, among others, constituted the major challenges facing many of the respondents. The study concluded with some recommendations on how theadministration of research work or dissertation writing by distance learners can be improved.Keywords: dissertation, statistical analysis; research, postgraduate distance learners
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Peer Intervention in Dating Violence: Beliefs of African-American Middle School Adolescents - Weisz, Arlene N.; Black, Beverly M. (Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 2008)
ABSTRACT This is a qualitative, descriptive study of 202 urban, African-American seventh graders that examines their views of peer intervention in dating violence. After viewing a video vignette showing friends confronting another male about abusing his girlfriend, the adolescents were asked to respond in writing to questions about whose business the violence was and whether they would get involved. The most popular answers were “I would not get involved,” and “the violence was only the couple's business.” Some adolescents worried that they might get hurt or make things worse by intervening, but some discussed sound plans for intervention. The findings suggest that adolescents need help in defining which situations merit peer intervention and in gaining skills to intervene safely and effectively.
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ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE STUDENTS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA - Rasheed, Fasasi Adekunle (2008)
The study investigated the environmental knowledge of agricultural science students in South –Western Nigeria. It also investigated gender differences in the environmental knowledge of the subjects. Using an ex-post facto research design, 267 randomly selected Agricultural Science students from Oyo, Ogun and Osun States were involved in the study. One instrument: Questionnaire on Environmental knowledge of Agricultural Science Studies QEKAS(KR 21=0.83) was used. Two research questions and hypotheses were addressed and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analyzed using percentages, frequencies, mean scores, chi- square and t-test. The findings revealed a poor knowledge of some environmental concepts such as Soil/Forest Conservation, Pollution and Environmental factors affecting Agricultural production. It further showed non- significant gender differences in their knowledge of environment concepts. A number of recommendations were advanced to ensure better performance on the factors measured.
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Managing Organizational Change in Higher Education: Lessons From the University of Botswana - Mulinge, Munyae M.; Munyae, Margaret M. (Journal of African Business, 2008)
ABSTRACT Utilizing data collected from a randomly selected sample of 360 academic and managerial staff, regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of acceptance of change among employees at the University of Botswana. The results showed moderate levels of employee acceptance of innovations and revealed that, of the four categories of substantive factors analyzed, managerial features were the most important determinants of acceptance of organizational change. It was concluded that management action is needed to boost the levels of acceptance of change and that a more participative approach to the management of the change process is necessary to guarantee the involvement of all stakeholders from the decision-making to the implementation and administration stages of the process. KEYWORDS: Academic staffhigher educationinnovationmanagementmanagerial stafforganizational changeparticipation in decision making Notes aAll items were measured using scales of 1.00–4.00. The scores are rated as follows: 1.00–1.59 = low, 1.60–2.79 = moderate, 2.80–4.00 = high. aStandardized coefficients are reported. ∗p < .05; ∗∗p < .01; ∗∗∗p < .00 (one-tailed tests). Additional informationNotes on contributorsMunyae Masai Mulinge Munyae M. Mulinge is an Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at University of Botswana. Margaret M. Munyae Margaret M. Munyae is a Lecturer at the Department of Sociology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Assessing the counselling needs of high school students in Kenya - Nyutu, Pius; Gysbers, Norman C. (International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 2008)
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Is There a Relationship between Business Strategies and Training Emphasis on Job Categories in Successful Companies in Kenya? - Anzaya, Mbithe (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2008)
Although modern technology has been used to improve business performance, it has also been realized that competent people are crucial in the implementation and utilization of innovative work systems. Traditionally, technology and information have been the sources of competitive advantage, but the scenario has changed significantly and technology and information alone cannot be relied on as the sole means of gaining a competitive advantage (Tung & Punnet, 1993). Although modern technology has been used to improve business performance, it has also been realized that competent people are crucial in the implementation and utilization of innovative work systems (Torraco & Swanson, 1995). Competitive advantage is affected by the globalization challenges such as bigger markets, information flow or exchange, and better products or services. However, businesses can face the challenges by having a better-skilled, well-informed and adaptive or flexible work force through the mechanism of training, thus, the need for the use of strategies to accomplish this. Business organizations are now viewing people as strategic resources (Salaman, 1992).Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 103-118
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Towards a Multilingual learner software for African languages - Iraki, FK; Maroa, CR (Journal for language, technology & entrepreneurship in Africa, 2008)
Kenyan universities, in particular the University of Nairobi, have been for the last five or so years been a beehive of research around speech technologies with respect to Kenyan languages. In 2004, Dr. Muchemi Gakuru (principal investigator), Dr. Frederick Iraki (computational linguist) and Mr. Kamanda Ngugi (Computer scientist) broke new research ground by producing the first Kiswahili Text-To-Speech computer system in the world (Mucemi et al. 2004). The software can read any text typed in Kiswahili and therefore presents myriad advantages to the visually-handicapped, language learning and teaching, persons with voice impairment, just to mention a few (Ngugi 2004). It is important to note that Text-to-Speech systems for other major world languages (English, French, Chinese, etc.) were already in place.Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 144-150
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Book Review: Indabawa, S., & Mpofu, S. (2006). The Social Context of Adult Learning in Africa. Hamburg, Germany: UNESCO Institute for Education - Mejiuni, Olutoyin (Adult Education Quarterly, 2008)
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Teaching and Learning Spanish in the Kenyan multilingual Society: Strengths and Challenges - Muasya, Jane Nzisa (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2008)
The fact that there are persons who show an interest in learning a foreign language shows that the human person is not satisfied with communicating only with members of his linguistic society. It can be said that he feels the urge to cross physical, social and mental barriers in order to establish interpersonal relations for the purpose of communicating and sharing ideas, sentiments, etc. This interaction results in man's personal growth and of the knowledge of the world around him, and this will in turn work towards bringing about the reality of the global village that modern man is in search of establishing.Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 38-54
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The learning of Foreign Languages in Kenyan Universities: The Relevance of French - Nginye, Michael Gichangi (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2008)
Everybody seems to agree that the world today has been transformed into a small village. The effects of globalization have been felt all over the world and the best reaction that people seem to prefer is accepting this reality and learning to live with it. One of the obvious consequences of this phenomenon is that people from different countries and cultures are now interacting more than ever before. This interaction will almost always involve communication. And communication implies language. It is in this regard that more and more people are now learning one or more languages, other than their own, that is to say foreign languages. This need to learn foreign languages has existed in Kenya for a long time. However, languages that have not been classified under the “traditional foreign languages” category are now being learnt at post-secondary school level.Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 75-83
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The Question of the Standard English Model in the Achievement of Universal Primary Education in Kenya - Njoroge, Martin C.; Nyamasyo, Eunice A. (Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2008)
English and Kiswahili are the two key languages in Kenya. While Kiswahili is a national language, English is an official language and is actually the medium of instruction in Kenyan schools. The model of English used in Kenyan schools, even at the primary tier is claimed to be the British standard, particularly Received Pronunciation (RP) (Zuengler, 1982; Schmied, 1990, 1991; Kanyoro, 1991; Kioko and Muthwii 2001a, 2001b; 2002; 2004; Kembo-Sure, 2004). RP is the prestigious dialect that is spoken in the southern parts of Britain and it is used in the media and in the education system.Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 55-66
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Redressing the colonial and apartheid legacy: social equity, redress and higher education admissions in democratic South Africa - Badat, Saleem (2008)
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Evaluating Educational Reform Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Teacher Educational Reform in Egypt - Hashimoto, Kazuaki; Pillay, Hitendra; Hudson, Peter B. (2008)
The importance of developing local capacity to evaluate the impact of interventions has been highlighted as a new solution to an old problem in educational reform in developing countries. Due to “aid fatigue” experienced by the international community in the 1990s, international aid agencies have recognised that development interventions can not materialize educational outcomes successfully, without enhancing the local capacity and ownership in developing countries. One of the issues with “aid fatigue” was the limited attention given to monitoring and evaluation activities, particularly by the local stakeholders. Against the above concern, evaluation processes need to be devised to determine the impact of educational interventions in developing countries and, simultaneously, enhance local capacity development in this field. This study examined evaluation for a teacher education reform project in Egypt, namely by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which implements Japan’s official development assistance at a governmental level. The data were collected from various layers of participants of the project through archival documents, interviews and questionnaire survey. The archival documents indicate that the evaluation process was designed and conducted by JICA mainly for their internal compliance requirement and focused on educational intervention. In contrast, however, the empirical data suggested that the local capacity development as well as the educational interventions should be evaluated jointly and not just by the donor agencies but also by the local stakeholders.
openalex: W3037706357 mag: 3037706357
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Evaluating Educational Reform Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Teacher Educational Reform in Egypt - Hashimoto, Kazuaki; Pillay, Hitendra; Hudson, Peter B. (Office of Education Research; Faculty of Education, 2008)
The importance of developing local capacity to evaluate the impact of interventions has been highlighted as a new solution to an old problem in educational reform in developing countries. Due to “aid fatigue” experienced by the international community in the 1990s, international aid agencies have recognised that development interventions can not materialize educational outcomes successfully, without enhancing the local capacity and ownership in developing countries. One of the issues with “aid fatigue” was the limited attention given to monitoring and evaluation activities, particularly by the local stakeholders. Against the above concern, evaluation processes need to be devised to determine the impact of educational interventions in developing countries and, simultaneously, enhance local capacity development in this field. This study examined evaluation for a teacher education reform project in Egypt, namely by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which implements Japan’s official development assistance at a governmental level. The data were collected from various layers of participants of the project through archival documents, interviews and questionnaire survey. The archival documents indicate that the evaluation process was designed and conducted by JICA mainly for their internal compliance requirement and focused on educational intervention. In contrast, however, the empirical data suggested that the local capacity development as well as the educational interventions should be evaluated jointly and not just by the donor agencies but also by the local stakeholders.
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Development and Pilot Evaluation of Literacy-Adapted Diabetes and CVD Education in Urban, Diabetic African Americans - Hill-Briggs, Felicia; Renosky, Ronda J.; Lazo, Mariana; Bone, Lee R.; Hill, Martha N.; Levine, David M.; Brancati, Frederick L.; Peyrot, Mark (Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2008)
Despite prevalent low literacy nationally, empirical research on the development and testing of literacy-adapted patient education remains limited.To describe procedures for developing and evaluating usability and acceptability of an adapted diabetes and CVD patient education.Materials adaptation for literacy demand and behavioral activation criteria, and pre-/post-test intervention evaluation design.Pilot sample of 30 urban African-American adults with type 2 diabetes with Below Average literacy (n = 15) and Average literacy (n = 15).Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-3, Reading), assessment of diabetes and CVD knowledge, and patient rating scale.Reading grade levels were: > 12th, 30%; 10th-12th, 20%; 7th-9th, 10%; 4th-6th grade, 10%; and < or = 3rd grade or unable to complete WRAT-3, 30%. Education materials were modified to a reading level of < or = 4th grade. Knowledge improved for Below Average (2.7 to 4.7, p = 0.005) and Average (3.8 to 5.7, p = 0.002) literacy groups, with up to a ten-fold increase, at post-education, in the number of participants responding correctly to some content items. The print materials and class received maximum usability and acceptability ratings from patients.Development of patient education meeting very low literacy criteria was feasible, effective for knowledge acquisition, and highly acceptable irrespective of literacy level.
openalex: W2012896322 mag: 2012896322
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ABO and Rhesus D blood type distribution in students admitted into Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2006 - Oluwadare, Idowu; Shonekan, Sade (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008)
All 2000 healthy students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria (intakes of 2006/2007 academic session) comprising of 1058 females and 942 males were screened for ABO and Rhesus 'D' blood type.The analysis of the results shows O + (49.75%),A + (20.30%),B + (19.60%),AB + (3.70%), O (3.95%),A -(1.10%), B -(1.35%) and AB -(0.25%).These values compares well with what has been reported in other countries.The high percentage of blood group O (53.70%) in the new intakes population provides an advantage in terms of availability of blood for transfusion especially in emergencies.
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Learning contexts, black Cultural Ethos, and the science achievement of African American students in an urban middle school - Parsons, Eileen Carlton (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2008)
Abstract As other countries vigorously promote rapid advancement in science, optimizing the participation of all students in the United States in science is imperative. This study focused on African American students and examined their science achievement in relation to Black Cultural Ethos (BCE), a construct rooted in psychology. Via qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a non‐random control group design, the study addressed three questions: (1) With respect to BCE, what characterizes the natural instructional contexts of two middle school science teachers? (2) What characterizes the achievement of African American students in contexts that incorporate BCE and contexts that do not? (3) What achievement patterns, if any, exist in BCE and non‐BCE instructional contexts? With regard to the natural contexts, the teachers did not incorporate BCE even when the opportunities were available to do so. Within these non‐BCE contexts, the group's mean scores on the study‐specific test that aligned with instruction decreased from pretest to posttest with approximately one‐third of the students' scores improving. When a context was altered with a moderate effect size of 0.47 to include BCE, the group's mean scores on the aforementioned test increased from pretest to posttest with two‐thirds of the students' scores improving. An illustration of the interplay between BCE and context and a consideration of the interplay as a mediating factor in research involving African American students encapsulate the significance and implications of the study's findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 665–683, 2008
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The value of school-initiated professional development in South African schools: a case study of two schools in two Gauteng districts - Ryan, Ellenore Dinah (2008)
AND SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS 6 CHAPTER ONE Introduction 7 Aims 8 Rationale 9 CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 11 CHAPTER THREE Methodology 31 CHAPTER FOUR Data Presentation and Analysis 37 CHAPTER FIVE Interpretation of Findings 63 CONCLUSION 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY 73
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The role of key role players in science communication at South African higher education institutions : an exploratory study - Conradie, Elizabeth Stephanie (2008)
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EDUCATION: Zimbabwe (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2008)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 45, Issue 5 p. 17551A-17551C EDUCATION: Zimbabwe First published: 04 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2008.01754.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue5June 2008Pages 17551A-17551C RelatedInformation
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Engineering education for agricultural and rural development in Africa - Adewumi, B. A. (European Journal of Engineering Education, 2008)
Agricultural Engineering has transformed agricultural practices from subsistence level to medium and large-scale production via mechanisation in the developed nations. This has reduced the labour force requirements in agriculture; increased production levels and efficiency, product shelf life and product quality; and resulted into industrialisation. In the US, for example, less than 5% of the population is engaged in agricultural production and provides sufficient for national consumption and surplus for export. Whereas, up to 70% of the African population is involved in agricultural production and there is no food security. Agricultural engineering is not well perceived in African countries. It is mostly perceived as tractorisation. Whereas, agricultural engineering practice include options such as farm power and machinery, storage and food processing, soil and water conservation, rural electrification, structures and environment, and ergonomics. Governments in most developed countries accepted agricultural engineering as a viable option for food sufficiency, and formulated and implemented favourable policies to support the practice of agricultural engineering. In Africa, agricultural engineers are often marginalised. The paper therefore addresses issues that are essential for a better orientation of agricultural engineering training and education, and subsequently influence a better policy on agricultural engineering education in Africa.
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Effects of Word Games, Culturally Relevant Songs, and Stories on Students' Motivation in a Nigerian English Language Class - Ajibade, Yetunde Adedoyin; Ndububa, Kate (TESL Canada journal, 2008)
This study investigated the extent to which word games and culturally relevant songs and stories could motivate senior secondary school students in Nigeria, thereby enhancing their performance in English. A pre-test/post-test control group design was used. The sample consisted of 100 senior secondary school II students randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Four instruments were designed, validated, and used for data collection. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested. The findings revealed that the use of word games and culturally relevant instructional activities was beneficial for these students, as they served as an effective motivational strategy that contributed to better performance in English-language learning at the senior secondary school level.
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Bacterial indicators of pollution of the Douala lagoon, Cameroon: public health implications. - Akoachere, Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla; Oben, PM; Mbivnjo, Beryl S; Ndip, Lucy; Nkwelang, Gerald; Ndip, Roland N. (PubMed, 2008)
Indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes which are often heavily laden with sewage microorganisms some of which are pathogenic to humans into aquatic environments near cities could serve as potential dangers to human health.A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the scope of potential bacterial pathogens and to assess the extent of pollution of the Douala lagoon.A total of eighty water samples were collected fortnightly from the lagoon at five stations from March to October 2005 and analysed for heterotrophic bacterial densities, coliform counts, faecal coliform and faecal streptococcal counts. Bacteria were isolated and identified using standard microbiology and biochemical techniques.High heterotrophic bacterial counts (33 x 10(5) - 161 x 10(5) CFU/ mL), total coliform counts (1.8 x 10(2) - 2.4 x 10(2) CFU/100 mL), faecal coliform counts (2.2 x 10(2) - 2.4 x 10(2) CFU/ 100 mL) and faecal streptococcal counts (2.1 x 102 - 2.3 x 10(2) CFU/100mL were observed in all sampling stations. Eleven species of bacteria: Bacteroides fragilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus mycoides and Serratia marcesens, were frequently isolated.The presence of potential bacterial agents such as Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli in the lagoon may pose a serious threat to the health and well being of users of the Lagoon and calls for urgent intervention.
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Needs Assessment of the Education Inspectorate: A Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria. - Alade, Oluwatomi M. (2008)
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Verbal Intelligence and Problem-Solving A study of a Sample of Moroccan Elementary School Children - Ameziane, Mohamed (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2008)
The objective of this study was to assess verbal intelligence among a random sample of six-year-old Moroccan children at elementary school.It aimed at showing the correlation between verbal intelligence (VI) and intelligence quotient (IQ), through activities of verbal intelligence such as "Storytelling", "Movie Report" and "Weekend News".On the other hand the study tried to show the relation between children's VI activities and their problem-solving styles.Intelligence quotient was assessed by the means of children's intelligence measurement test, and verbal intelligence was assessed by using VI test battery.The problem-solving styles were assessed by a checklist.The results showed that there was correlation between VI and IQ.Besides, they showed that there were no significant differences between the pupils in VI activities.On the other hand, the results indicated significant differences between the children's different problem-solving styles.
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The Link Between Recent Sexual Abuse and Drug Use Among African American Male College Students: It's Not Just a Female Problem in and Around Campus - Amos, Charles; Peters, Ronald J.; Williams, Lena; Johnson, Regina Jones; Martin, Queen; Yacoubian, George S. (Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2008)
Abstract This study examined the relationship between sexual abuse in or around campus and drug use among young African-American males in college. It offers cross-sectional analysis of data collected from the Alcohol and Substance Abuse Awareness and Use Study (ASAAUS). Data collection took place in October 2004 via a self-administered survey among 181 African-American male students. Males who reported past sexual abuse in or around campus were significantly more likely than nonsexuallyabused males to have used tobacco (41% v. 19%, p < .05), alcohol (82% v. 49%, p < .05), marijuana (59% v. 30%,p < .05), and cocaine (18% v. 2%, p < .05) in the 30 day preceding the interview. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sexual abuse history in or around campus was significantly associated with past year (OR = 9.8, p ≤ 0.001) and past 30 day (OR = 5.0, p ≤ 0.001) drug use.
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A study of the Korean pre-service training of primary school english teachers and its applicabilityin Madagascar - Andriantoavian, Lantomalala Irene; Kim, Dongsik; Han, Jungsun (학습과학연구, 2008)
The aim of this study is to investigate the pre-service training of primary school English teachers in Korea and its applicability in Madagascar. This study starts with the historical background of the Malagasy pre-service training of primary school English teachers with its issues and challenges. A brief overview of the Korean pre-service training of primary school English teachers follows this section. Then, the pre-service training of primary school English teachers is analyzed, not only in Korea but in some American, European and African Colleges of Education. Moreover, some questionnaire and interviews are conducted in order to understand the reality of three main areas of the Korean pre-service training of primary school English teachers; the curriculum, the teaching methodologies and the practicum. Some teacher trainers from four Korean prestigious College of Education answered the questionnaire and interviews. Meaningful results and suggestions were collected from those data collection. This study has tried to find out the applicability of the Korean pre-service training of primary school English teachers in Madagascar.
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Ministerial Formation and Theological Education in Ghana: Prospects and Challenges - Atta-Baffoe, Victor R. (Journal of Anglican Studies, 2008)
ABSTRACT The inconsistency between theological education and parish life is a sign of the breakdown of a theological paradigm for doing and communicating theology in Africa today. The role of Scripture within the framework of an Anglican tradition is now a matter of examination. There are biblical foundations for ministerial formation but they need to relate to the current situation of ministry. The only theological seminary in Ghana is St Nicholas, where the staff are indigenous but the programme offered is Western and imported. The result is that ministerial formation has failed to meet the needs of the people of Ghana. The way forward demands a thorough revision of the present course content and a focus on the needs of the particular time and place that is modern Ghana.
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Source parameters of the ML 4.1 earthquake of November 08, 2006, southeast Beni-Suef, northern Egypt - Badawy, Ahmed; Abdelfattah, Ali K.; Ali, Sh. M.; Farid, W. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2008)
In the early morning hours on Wednesday November 08, 2006 at 04:32:10(GMT) a small earthquake of ML 4.1 has occurred at southeast Beni-Suef, approximately 160 km SEE of Cairo, northern Egypt. The quake has been felt as far as Cairo and its surroundings while no casualties were reported. The instrumental epicentre is located at 28.57°N and 31.55°E. Seismic moment is 1.76 E14 Nm, corresponding to a moment magnitude Mw 3.5. Following a Brune model, the source radius is 0.3 km with an average dislocation of 1.8 cm and a 2.4 MPa stress drop. The source mechanism from a first motion fault plane solution shows a left-lateral strike-slip mechanism with a minor dip-slip component along fault NNW striking at 161°, dipping 52° to the west and rake −5°. Trend and plunging of the maximum and minimum principle axes P/T are 125°, 28°, 21°, and 23°, respectively. A comparison with the mechanism of the October, 1999 event shows similarities in faulting type and orientation of nodal planes. Eight small earthquakes (3.0 ⩽ ML < 5.0) were also recorded by the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) from the same region. We estimate the source parameters and fault mechanism solutions (FMS) for these earthquakes using displacement spectra and P-wave polarities, respectively. The obtained source parameters including seismic moments of 4.9 × 1012–5.04 × 1015 Nm, stress drops of 0.2–4.9 MPa and relative displacement of 0.1–9.1 cm. The azimuths of T-axes determined from FMS are oriented in NNE–SSW direction. This direction is consistent with the present-day stress field in Egypt and the last phase of stress field changes in the Late Pleistocene, as well as with recent GPS measurements.
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Occupational Stress of Academic Staff in South African Higher Education Institutions - Barkhuizen, Nicolene; Rothmann, Sebastiaan (South African Journal of Psychology, 2008)
The objectives in this study were to identify the indicators of occupational stress for academic staff in South African higher education institutions, to analyse the differences between the occupational stress of different demographic groups, and to investigate whether occupational stressors predict ill health and a lack of organisational commitment of academics in higher education institutions. A cross-sectional survey design was used ( N = 595). An Organisational Stress Screening Tool (ASSET) and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Compared to the normative data, academics reported higher levels of stress relating to pay and benefits, overload and work-life balance. Analysis of variance revealed differences between the levels of occupational stress and ill health of demographic groups. Two stressors, namely, overload and work-life balance contributed significantly to ill health of academics. Four occupational stressors, overload, job control, resources and communication, and job characteristics contributed significantly to the commitment of academics to their institutions.
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Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and Africa– Edited by Pak Sum Low - Brncic, Terry (Area, 2008)
AreaVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 295-297 Climate change and Africa– Edited by Pak Sum Low Terry M Brncic, Terry M Brncic Université Libre de BruxellesSearch for more papers by this author Terry M Brncic, Terry M Brncic Université Libre de BruxellesSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.830_3.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume40, Issue2June 2008Pages 295-297 RelatedInformation
openalex: W2049935721 mag: 2049935721
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and Africa - Collier, Paul; Conway, Gordon; Venables, Tony (Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2008)
The impact of climate change on Africa is likely to be severe because of adverse direct effects, high agricultural dependence, and limited capacity to adapt. Direct effects vary widely across the continent, with some areas (e.g. eastern Africa) predicted to get wetter, but much of southern Africa getting drier and hotter. Crop yields will be adversely affected and the frequency of extreme weather events will increase. Adaptation to climate change is primarily a private-sector response and should involve relocation of people, changes in the sectoral structure of production, and changes in crop patterns. The role of government is primarily to provide the information, incentives, and economic environment to facilitate such changes. Adaptation will be impeded by Africa's fragmentation into small countries and ethnic groups, and by poor business environments. On the mitigation side, there is a need to design emissions-trading frameworks that support greater African participation than at present, and that include land-use change. Mitigation undertaken elsewhere will have a major impact on Africa, both positive (e.g. new technologies) and negative (e.g. commodity price changes arising from biofuel policies).
openalex: W2114471002 mag: 2114471002
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and Africa - Collier, Paul; Conway, Gordon; Venables, Tony (Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2008)
The impact of climate change on Africa is likely to be severe because of adverse direct effects, high agricultural dependence, and limited capacity to adapt. Direct effects vary widely across the continent, with some areas (e.g. eastern Africa) predicted to get wetter, but much of southern Africa getting drier and hotter. Crop yields will be adversely affected and the frequency of extreme weather events will increase. Adaptation to climate change is primarily a private-sector response and should involve relocation of people, changes in the sectoral structure of production, and changes in crop patterns. The role of government is primarily to provide the information, incentives, and economic environment to facilitate such changes. Adaptation will be impeded by Africa's fragmentation into small countries and ethnic groups, and by poor business environments. On the mitigation side, there is a need to design emissions-trading frameworks that support greater African participation than at present, and that include land-use change. Mitigation undertaken elsewhere will have a major impact on Africa, both positive (e.g. new technologies) and negative (e.g. commodity price changes arising from biofuel policies).
openalex: W2114471002 mag: 2114471002
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Reading Ability and Computer-Related Attitudes among African American Graduate Students - Collins, Kathleen M. T.; Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.; Jiao, Qun G. (Cyberpsychology & behavior, 2008)
This study examined the degree that African American graduate students' reading abilities predict their attitudes toward computers and the educational use of the Internet. A canonical correlation analysis revealed that students with the lowest levels of reading ability tended to report the least computer confidence, least positive attitudes regarding computer liking, and least positive attitudes toward the educational use of the Internet. Findings of the study provide support for the hypothesis that reading ability differentially impacts African American graduate students' computer-related attitudes. The findings also suggest that reading ability may impede African American students' acquisition of computer and Internet skills and may negatively impact their achievement levels in graduate courses requiring computer-based skills.
openalex: W2074170875 mag: 2074170875
Keywords: openalex:import