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The Nhlabane estuary and coastal lake system has suffered a number of man-made impacts since 1977, when the lake and estuary were separated by the construction of a barrage. More recent man-made events included the construction of temporary sand walls, mid-way along the estuary, to allow crossing of a mining dredger during 1993. These walls remained in place until 1996, coinciding with a local drought period between 1991 and late 1995, during which time the estuary mouth remained closed. The...
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Were teachers a valid political category in French West Africa during the colonial period? To what extent did primary school teachers from the William Ponty Teachers' Training College form a homogeneous political interest group on the eve of the struggle for independence? Far from forming a homogeneous, united group, they were divided by logics of dispersal and dilution. As of the 1930s however, they (re)mobilized in an emerging public arena. In 1945, as doors were opening in western...
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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the swimming training on the microcirculations in cochlea in guinea pigs after chronic hypoxia.Methods28 guinea pigs were divided into normal control group (group A) which were outside of cabin and chronic hypoxia model group (group B) randomly. 4 weeks after, the model group were divided into the model control group (group B1), medical treatment group (group B2) and swimming training with medical treatment group (group B3). The blood flow of the cochlea...
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Environmental education (EE) programs that include service-learning components have great potential to positively impact East African youth, their communities, and their ecology. This exploratory study describes 2 programs in East Africa, The Jane Goodall Institute's Roots & Shoots (R&S) and Wildlife Clubs of Uganda (WCU). The authors studied school-based programs in 10 communities adjacent to national parks or wildlife sanctuaries by interviewing and surveying student members, teachers, and...
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In development policy, community participation has increasingly come to be seen as a way to encourage community interest, involvement, ownership and ultimately, sustainability of projects. Education has also been affected by this discourse. The following paper examines two countries affected by conflict (Pakistan and Yemen), asking what type of community participation is possible in areas with complex conflict situations, since 'community participation' demands some form of 'democracy'. The...
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In South Africa, the national government has taken deliberate steps to ensure that tertiary education programmes help to meet societal and economic needs. This article reports on the process of developing a programme in Integrated Water Resources Management at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) that speaks directly to current government policy. It describes two different approaches to curriculum development an eclectic approach that takes as its starting point courses already on offer,...
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School performance among African American youths continues to be a major concern. The promotion of self-esteem remains a major focus of school-based intervention programs designed to improve children's academic performance and behavior. Empirical data suggest that academic self-efficacy rather than self-esteem is the critical factor for school success, but few studies have examined self-efficacy and self-esteem w^ith an African American population. Furthermore, although school social workers...
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By discussing the future challenges to musical arts education in Africa in which local cultural practices are valued, the differences of those historically marginalised by virtue of gender, race, ethnicity, and class, are celebrated. In Africa, musical arts education and culture are regarded as an integral part of our life, which not only embraces the spiritual, material and intellectual aspects of our society, but also contributes greatly toward our emotional development. This affirms the...
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Luckman (1996) defines experiential education as a process through which a learner constructs knowledge, skill and value from direct experience (p. 7). The core of such learning is practical engagement, contextualised by concepts and skills in guided experiences. This process, to be most effective, should be supported by reflection. This paper considers an experiential program in African music that is part of pre-service primary teacher education for generalist teacher trainees. As part of...
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The dynamics of the non-formal education (out-of-school) situation in Kenya cannot be fully understood without an in-depth understanding of the formal basic education subsector which has had to grapple with a number of challenges that have impacted negatively on the provision of social services, including education. These challenges are a consequence of low economic growth and the Structural Adjustment Programme which has necessitated reduction of expenditure on education and other social...
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When the South African wine industry emerged from a long period of regulation and political isolation in the early 1990s, it was faced with enormous challenges: transforming vineyards and cellars without state support, learning the ABC of marketing, how to compete internationally and last, but not least, how to treat its labour force in a socially responsible manner. What made these obstacles extra difficult, was the dissolution of social capital and the disappearance of coordinating...