Chapter 1. Straight Outta Mogadishu: Prescribed Identities and Performative Practices Among Somali Youth in North American High Schools (2005)
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10. Language-in-Education Policies and Practices in Africa with a Special Focus on Tanzania and South Africa – Insights from Research in Progress - Brock‐Utne, Birgit (2005)
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STUDENT ARTICLE No 1 - NUTRITION EDUCATION; THE VITAL STEP THAT WILL PREDICT SUCCESS OF THE FORTIFICATION PROGRAMME IN UGANDA - Bukusuba, John (2005)
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8. Language Classroom Practices in Kenya - Bunyi, G. (2005)
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Major-element geochemistry of Proterozoic Prince's Town granitoid from the southern Ashanti volcanic belt, Ghana - Dampare, Samuel; Shibata, Tsugio; Asiedu, Daniel; Shiloh, Osae (2005)
The Pateoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks of the southern Ashanti greenstone belt of Ghana are intruded by three major suites of granitoids, locally called Prince's Town, Dixcove and Ketan plutons. The Prince's Town pluton is the largest intrusive body in the Axim area, and tends to separate the Axim volcanic branch from the Cape Three Points branch. The Pluton consists of granitic to dioritic rocks, which are generally massive but occasionally display alignment of ferromagnesian minerals. The rocks contain mainly plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, amphibole, biotite and opaques. The feldspars are mostly sericitized and saussuritized, and alteration of amphibole and biotite to epidote and chlorite is common. Accessory minerals include apatite, sphene and zircon. The geochemical data indicate that the rocks are tonalitic to granodioritic in composoition, metaluminous (ASI<1) and have I-type characteristics. The granitoids have the SiO2 content of 63-70% ; total iron, as Fe2 O3 of 3.10-5.80% ; (Na2O+K2O) content of 5.01-6.96% and Na2O/K2O ratios from 1.34 to 2.70 ; and are characterized by Mg# ranging from 53 to 48. The Fe*(=FeOtot/FeOtot+MgO) and modified alkali-lime index (MALI) of the rocks indicate that the Prince's Town pluton is dominantly magnesian and calcic in nature. Higher values in molar CaO/(MgO+FeOtot) coupled with low molar AI2O3/(MgO+FeOtot) may suggest their derivation from partial melting of metabasaltic to metatonalitic sourcc, with a possible contribution from metagreywacke, but preclude any contribution from metapelitic sources. The Birimaian metavolcanic rocks are the likely source material candidate for the rocks. CIPW norm calculations yielded a crystallization temperature of～650-685℃ and a pressure of 4-7kb for the rocks, suggesting a lower crustal souree. The Prince's Town plutonic rocks also show characteristice of plutons emplaced in a volcanic are tectonic setting environment. This observation is largely consistent with previous studies conducted on granitoids from other parts of the southern Ashanti greenstone belt c and the belt-type granitoids of Ghana as a whole.
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TOPICAL ISSUE: HIV AND AIDS - IMPACT OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND TESTING AND HEALTH EDUCATION ON HIV PREVENTION AMONG SECONDARYSCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTHERN UGANDA - Dente, Maria Grazia; Fabiani, Massimo; Okwey, Ronald; Conestà, Natalia; Opira, Cyprian; Declich, Silvia (2005)
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Rahima Dawood Memorial Lecture 2002: Surgical Training in Africa - Evans, Christine (2005)
openalex: W2742233936 mag: 2742233936
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The acquisition of negation in French L2. An analysis of Moroccan Arabic and Spanish “learner varieties” - Giuliano, Patrizia; Véronique, Daniel (2005)
openalex: W2479746783 mag: 2479746783
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Evidence of Sahelian vegetation resilience in Niger after drought periods by using low resolution satellite data - Hountondji, Yvon-Carmen; Nicolas, Jacques; Sokpon, Nestor; Ozer, Pierre (BELGEO, 2005)
Dans l’optique d’identifier les endroits potentiellement affectés par la désertification au cours des deux dernières décennies, 109 stations réparties dans trois zones bioclimatiques du Niger ont été étudiées. L’analyse conjointe des séries chronologiques de précipitations et d’images satellitales AVHRR de NOAA, transformées en indice de végétation normalisé (NDVI) a permis d’appréhender la dynamique du couvert végétal au sein des biomes considérés entre 1982 et 1999. L’évaluation qualitative de la dynamique à long terme du couvert végétal a été réalisée grâce à l’analyse de tendance des valeurs annuelles du rapport du NDVI intégré (iNDVI : juin – octobre) par rapport aux précipitations (RR) pendant la période de végétation active (mai – octobre), pour chacun des points étudiés. Sur la période analysée, il ressort que 82,5 % des résultats obtenus pour les précipitations contre 78,9 % des valeurs du iNDVI montrent une tendance positive allant de modérée à très forte pour l’ensemble des pixels. Par contre, la combinaison des deux variables à travers le rapport iNDVI/RR montre un déclin généralisé de l’efficacité de l’utilisation de l’eau par la végétation avec une tendance hautement significative (niveau p<10-6) sur la période analysée (1981-1999), lorsque les stations sont regroupées par zones bioclimatiques. Les tendances négatives traduisent une diminution progressive de la productivité végétale qui se reflète dans la baisse du ratio iNDVI/RR. Cette situation suggère une dégradation environnementale continue et met en lumière que les processus de désertification se sont probablement perpétués au cours des deux dernières décennies sur plus de la moitié de la frange sahélienne du territoire nigérien.
openalex: W122021292 mag: 122021292
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Sammy : the Classroom Guinea Pig - Hreha, Emily (Children's Book and Media Review, 2005)
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5. Ebonics and Education in the Context of Culture: Meeting the Language and Cultural Needs of English Learning African American Students - Kifano, Subira; Smith, Ernie A. (2005)
openalex: W2901655129 mag: 2901655129
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An Ethnobotany Research Training Workshop in Madagascar - McClatchey, Will; Gollin, Lisa X. (Ethnobotany research and applications, 2005)
A consortium of conservation groups organized by the Missouri Botanical Garden in 2005 responded to a call for development of conservation areas in Madgascar that would include human communities within them by arranging for a training workshop on ethnobotanical research methods.The authors developed and implemented the workshop with sixteen participating Malagasy researchers.The content of the workshop and analyses of classroom and field components is provided.The workshop participants concluded that the process was very useful for their work in conservation of biological diversity and determined to continue to develop their skills in ethnobotanical research as a group of collaborating scholars.
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Knowledge of HIV / AIDS among secondary school adolescents in Calabar - Nigeria. - Oyo‐Ita, Angela; Ikpeme, B; Etokidem, Aniekan; Offor, Job B.; Okokon, E. O.; Etuk, SJ (Annals of African Medicine, 2005)
Awareness about HIV/AIDS has been created through the media workshops and peer education and printed materials. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of these awareness programmes on student. An observational study using structured questionnaire among secondary school students. About 181 (31.2%) of the adolescents did not know the aetiological agents of HIV/AIDS. Majority 522 (90%) knew HIV/AIDS was transmitted through sexual intercourse. This level of knowledge was related to sex and class of study. Only 78 (13.4%) of them knew that HIV carriers might look normal. Majority 519 (89.5%) did not know the features of AIDS. Only a few 281 (48.4%) of the adolescents knew that avoidance of sex keeping one sexual partner 15 (2.6%) use of condom 101 (17.4%) and screening blood before transfusion 31 (5.3%) could prevent HIV/AIDS transmission. Mass media was the main source of information on HIV/AIDS to these adolescents. About 191 (32.9%) of them believed HIV/AIDS cannot be prevented; 228 (39.3%) felt HIV/AIDS is common among the uneducated; 127 (21.9%) thought it is not common in Nigeria and 143 (24.7%) believed it is not common among the youths. Although awareness on HIV/AIDS is high among Secondary School adolescents in Calabar the knowledge of the disease is still poor. Mass media as a source of information does not allow in-depth knowledge of the disease. Parents teachers as well as Health workers should be more involved in educating the youth on this dreaded disease. (authors)
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9. Language and the Struggle to Learn: The Intersection of Classroom Realities, Language Policy, and Neocolonial and Globalisation Discourses in South African Schools - Probyn, Margie (2005)
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HIV / AIDS awareness study of fresh students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State of Nigeria. - Sn, Ibe (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2005)
This study examined the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices (KAP) of 285 first year University of Port-Harcourt students regarding HIV/AIDS, in December 2002. Data was collected using structured questionnaires administered by two trained interviewers. Students had partial knowledge of the definition of HIV/AIDS, the mode of transmission, prevention and cure. Only 56.1% were concerned about contracting the virus although 70.2% had had sex, 57.0% had had sex without condom and 42.1% had had multiple sex partners. Similarly, 82.5% believed HIV/AIDS was in their institution but majority, 86.0%, had never tested for HIV. There is urgent need for more education, counselling and testing for HIV in order to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in tertiary institutions due to ignorance and risky behaviours. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(1) 2005: 11-13
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8. The Contribution of Higher Education to Reconstructing South African Society: Opportunities, Challenges, and Cautionary Tales - Subotzky, George (2005)
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STUDENT ARTICLE- FOOD AND SEED SECURITY IN WESTERN KENYA: AN ACHIEVABLEGOAL OR A MIRAGE?* - Wambugu, Peterson W. (2005)
openalex: W2617283994 mag: 2617283994
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Causes of the Gender Gap in Education: The Case of the Northern Region of Ghana - Azzika, Tanko Yussif (2005)
openalex: W162904019 mag: 162904019
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Assessment of the Petrochemical Industry Pollution on the Skikda Bay, Algeria - Maachia, Leila; Boutefnouchet, Nafissa; Benkeblia, Noureddine; Chettibi, Houria (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2005)
The Skikda bay is located in the northern part of Algeria. The area is in contact with a petrochemical industrial complex, which raw materials and final products contaminate the surrounding areas via atmospheric pollution as well as effluents, which are dumped into seawaters. To establish the effects of these pollutants and waste disposal on the vicinity of the bay, several samples were taken at different distances along the bay and the outfall pipes of the industrial complex. Subsequently, several chemical analyses were made to analyze the concentrations of hydrocarbons, CO[2], Ca(+2) and Mg(+2), chlorides and phosphates and the alkalinity present into the samples. Several concentrations of the above constituents are reported as a function of the different sites.
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A Study on Vitalizing Agricultural Extension Education in Africa - Inaizumi, H. (2005)
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What can the European Central Bank Learn from Africa - Fielding, David (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005)
The 4-member Franc Zone in West and Central Africa represents the largest monetary union in the southern hemisphere, predating the European Monetary Union by decades. With monetary unions planned for other parts of Africa in the near future, Macroeconomic Policy in the Franc Zone focuses on some of the key challenges facing the Franc Zone today: • how does a single currency area meet the needs of such a wide range of countries facing very different economic conditions? How close is the Franc Zone to being an ‘Optimum Currency Area’? • how well do the institutions of the Franc Zone manage monetary policy in the area? Have they been able to adapt the ‘best practice’ of OECD central banks to African conditions? • how do the policies of the Franc Zone impact on the poorest and most disadvantaged communities in the region?
openalex: W1784796160 mag: 1784796160
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Integrating the Physically Disabled Children into Regular Schools in Kenya. An Analysis of Causes of Marginalization, the Life Situation of the Disabled Children and Proposals for enhancing their Inclusion and Welfare. A Case Study of Machakos District - Malinda, Harrahs (2005)
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Eritrean Education - Retrospect and Prospect - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2005)
Education has long been recognized as a central element in economics development. In Eritrea, Church education played a significant role in transmitting church literature from generation to generation. Quranic schools also played a similar role in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean Society. Since Independence, education is well organized in the country. Eritrea has invested heavily in education and has embarked on a wide-ranging program. The World Bank, Eritrea has also made substantial investment in a plan intended to quickly raise the country's skill levels. The guiding purpose of the research on which this article is based, is to explore the educational history of Eritrea at different periods. It covers the Eritrean education system during the Italian Rule, British Rule, and Ethiopian Rule. It also provides educational development of Eritrea after independence. The methodology used in this paper is essentially a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the secondary sources.
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Chronic Kidney Disease Management – What Can We Learn from South African and Australian Efforts? - Katz, Ivor; Hoy, W. E.; Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan, Srinivas; Gerntholtz, Trevor; Scheppingen, Joanne; Sharma, Suresh K.; Butler, Omar; Shezi, EZ; Mdleleni, Golebemang; Mthombeni, D. (Blood Purification, 2005)
Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is on the rise. Our objective is to describe two programs to improve the awareness and management of hypertension, renal disease, and diabetes in remote Australian Aboriginal and urban and periurban South African communities. We focus on how the Australian Aboriginal and South African Chronic Disease Outreach Programs have worked together. Methods: The establishment of prevention programs in developing countries is a challenge. The paper evaluates these challenges, including accessing international aid. The programs advocate that regular integrated checks for chronic disease and their risk factors are essential elements of regular adult health care. Programs should be run by primary health workers, following algorithms for testing and treatment, and a backup provided by nurse coordinators. Constant evaluation is essential to develop community health profiles and adapt program structure. Results: Both programs are discussed, including how they are organized to deliver preventative and treatment strategies. The challenges and adaptations required are outlined. Conclusions: It is the aim of the international kidney commu- nity to prevent chronic kidney disease. The South African and Australian groups highlight the need for a systematic and sustained approach to the management of chronic diseases to achieve this goal.
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Relationships Among Higher Education Research, Policy and Practice in South Africa - Fourie, Magda; Strydom, Kalie (2005)
openalex: W2097514694 mag: 2097514694
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Trading off Income and Health?: AIDS and the Disability Grant in South Africa - Nattrass, Nicoli (Journal of Social Policy, 2005)
Despite high levels of unemployment, South Africa's welfare system is premised on full employment: only those who are too young, too old or too sick to work qualify for social assistance. A government committee recently recommended the introduction of a universal Basic Income Grant (BIG) to address this hole in the welfare net. Now that highly active antiretroviral thereapy (HAART) is being rolled out through the public health sector for people sick with AIDS, the case for a BIG is even more compelling. People sick with AIDS qualify for a disability grant. The HAART rollout offers them the chance of restored health – but it comes at the cost of losing the disability grant because they will be deemed well enough to work. Given South Africa's high unemployment rates, many will not be able to find work, and hence will face a trade-off between health (taking HAART) and income (keeping the disability grant). This could undermine adherence to HAART and/or reduce the effectiveness of the treatment by compromising the nutritional status of patients, thereby facilitating the growth of drug-resistant HIV. Introducing a BIG could help resolve this unintended tension between health and welfare policy.
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Improving Higher Education Research at African Universities: The Study Programme on Higher Education Management in Africa - Sawyerr, Akilagpa (2005)
To close the gap created by the absence of African scholarly input into the search for solutions to the African higher education crisis of the late 1980s, the Association of African Universities set up a Study Programme for Higher Education Management in Africa to develop local capacity for undertaking systematic research on issues of higher education policy and management, and increase the indigenous knowledge base of African higher education policy-making. The broad perspectives of this Programme could not all be met immediately. African researchers working on higher education issues had to be identified. These reasearchers had to be given technical training and financial support to enable them to improve the quality of their work and to promote greater dissemination thereof. Another concern was to foster relationships among such researchers and eventually have them exposed to the data of established higher education researchers and institutions in Africa and elsewhere. The author continues the discussion with a focus on a Research Grants Scheme established in 1993 and mentions the focus of the first batch of projects under the scheme. The majority of grant recipients were not specialist in higher education research, therefore there was a heavy emphasis on research training. The release of transches of the grant was therefore conditioned upon attendance at training seminars and workshops organised as part of the programme. The chapter describes the type of training workshops that were offered as part of the programme. The research themes are mentioned as well as the value that these research reports have towards the understanding of higher education in Africa.
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Teaching African History in an Era of Globalization - Davis, R. Hunt (History Compass, 2005)
Africa today is the most impoverished continent, a fact that impels historians and other scholars to look for the root causes of this poverty. When African history emerged as a field in the 1950s, the focus of historians lay elsewhere. As the 1970s unfolded, however, and Africa lagged further behind most other parts of the world, historians began to look at the slave trade era and the colonial period for the roots of African poverty. Historical scholarship since then has continued to demonstrate the importance of developments over the past several hundred years to explain Africa's current disadvantaged state in our globalized era. Teaching earlier African history, when Africa was in the forefront of global developments, is important for understanding contemporary Africa as well. It shows that there was nothing inherent in the African condition that produced the current distressed state.
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Africa to America: Creating an Inclusive Curriculum - Hill, Josephine (2005)
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Small Astronomical Telescopes for Research and Education at Helwan, Egypt - Shaltout, Mosalam (2005)
This paper reviews the current status of small astronomical telescopes in use at Helwan Observatory (NRIAG). It highlights the capabilities of small telescopes with modern instrumentation in the context of astrophysics of the 21st century. An overview of research and education programs is included. An international project with Intercosmos countries and the SAO in the field of artificial satellite observations and tracking is commented. Meteorological and solar data collaborations with ESA and NASA for applied and academic research is done at Helwan Observatory.
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Complexity and Diversity: The Language and Mathematics Education Terrain in South Africa (2005)
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Lugard and Education in Nigeria, 1900–18 (2005)
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Local Alliances for Girls' Education Guinea, 1997-2005: Lessons Learned. - Rose, Jennifer (2005)
openalex: W324927628 mag: 324927628
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Girls' Education in Africa - Gibson, Sam (2005)
Sub-Saharan Africa has some huge problems to resolve if it is to achieve gender equality in education, and fulfil the Millennium Development Goals related to education and gender. Conversely, the region also has some of the most innovative and enterprising examples of initiatives that promote gender equality in education. This paper focuses on sub-Saharan Africa and considers some of the most significant obstacles that African girls face in achieving the education that is their right. The paper then reviews the most significant initiatives - those that are 'gender-neutral' and those that have a specific focus on gender equality - that have enabled African countries to overcome these obstacles.
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Developing technical expertise in secondary technical schools in Ghana: The effect of powerful learning environments with and without ICT and the moderating effect of instructional conceptions. - Sarfo, Frederick Kwaku (2005)
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Childhood epilepsy: knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. - Alikor, E A D; Essien, A A (PubMed, 2005)
This study was conducted to determine the knowledge of primary school teachers in Port Harcourt metropolis of epilepsy, their knowledge of the management of an attack of epilepsy and the attitude of these teachers towards epilepsy in children.This is a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study of 118 school teachers from five randomly selected primary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria.Ten percent (12) of the 118 teachers were graded "Good", 45% (54) "Fair" and 43% (52) "Poor" in overall knowledge score. Sixty six teachers (56%) accept applying crude oil on the body as useful in stopping epileptic attacks in children. There was no significant association between overall knowledge score and sex, year of experience as a teacher and experience with a child with epilepsy. Only 10% of the teachers studied were classified as having overall good knowledge of epilepsy. Sixty nine teachers (58.5%) were graded as having good knowledge of cause of epilepsy. Only 38 (32%) disagree that the saliva drooled during an epileptic attack is contagious; one hundred (84.8%) and 65 (55.1%) agree that some childhood illnesses can cause epilepsy and that it runs in families respectively. Overall, 54 teachers (45.8%) had a cumulative score of negative attitude towards epilepsy. Eighty three teachers (73.3%) would want all children with epilepsy put in a special school whilst 57 (48%) agree that children with epilepsy should be withdrawn from schools. The longer the teacher's professional experience, the more the likelihood of positive attitude towards epilepsy but the association did not reach statistically significant level (p = 0.076). Attitude was not statistically associated with sex and educational qualification.The overall knowledge of primary school teachers in Port Harcourt metropolis of epilepsy and the first-aid management of an epileptic attack is poor. The attitude of these teachers towards epilepsy is negative. Education of the primary school teacher and general public on epilepsy is recommended.
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Compliance to antiretroviral therapy among AIDS patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. - Iliyasu, Zubairu; Kabir, M; Abubakar, I S; Babashani, Musa; Zubair, Zeeshan (PubMed, 2005)
Non-compliance with antiretroviral treatment has serious consequences for prognosis and may lead to the development of resistant strains of the virus. This study assessed the level of compliance to antiretroviral treatment, identified factors associated with compliance and reasons for non-compliance among AIDS patients in a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria.A pre-tested structured interview questionnaire was administered on a cross-section of 263 AIDS patients seen at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Patient's reported consumption of antiretroviral drugs was compared with the Physician's prescription in the seven-day period preceding the interview.Only 142 (54.0%) of the 263 respondents took at least 80% of the antiretroviral drugs prescribed. Sixty-one (23.2%) did not miss any dose of the drugs. Univariate analysis showed that a significantly higher proportion (58.7%) of patients with formal education were compliant compared to 26.3% of those without formal education (chi2 = 13.7 df = 1 P < 0.01). The educated patient was four times more likely to be compliant [O.R = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.75-9.24]. In contrast, age and sex variables had no significant influence on compliance among these patients. Main reasons for non-adherence to medication include non-availability of drugs (40.6%), forgetfulness (23.9%) and lack of funds (15.8%).The average compliance observed in this study could be improved by ensuring a steady supply of affordable antiretroviral drugs, better patient-provider communication and enhanced social support for these patients.
openalex: W162358927 mag: 162358927
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An Exploration of the Influence of Dispositional Traits and Appraisal on Coping Strategies in African American College Students - Smith, Maureen C.; Dust, Margaret (Journal of Personality, 2005)
Abstract This study explored the correlates of self‐reported coping strategies from both an appraisal (e.g., severity, impact, desirability of the event, as well as perceived stress) and a dispositional (e.g., preferred/typical coping style, self‐concept clarity, self‐esteem, emotion regulation, problem‐solving style, anxiety) perspective. Participants were 211 African American undergraduate and graduate students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The results indicated that dispositional traits (especially problem‐solving style) are associated uniquely with preferred/typical coping styles. The results also provided modest evidence that dispositional traits and subjects' appraisals (e.g., challenge, harm/threat, impact) are predictive of subjects' coping strategies in specific ongoing stressful situations. The general findings from this study appear to mirror research on Caucasian subjects.
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Attitudes Towards The Inclusion Of Pupils With Disabilities In Zambian Primary Schools, And Their Implications - Tembo, Albert (2005)
I was motivated to undertake this research by concerns that arose from my professional and personal experiences of marginalisation from the system. I was concerned that students with disabilities were not being offered equality of access to the mainstream curriculum despite public expression of support for inclusion by the Zambian government. This study investigates teachers' attitudes towards inclusive in Zambia in two primary schools which already have some experience of inclusion. The research was carried out using both questionnaires and interviews. The findings indicate an overall very positive view among teachers of the rights of children, including those with disabilities, to education. Almost teachers accepted the principle that: all pupils should be educated in general classrooms and education is a fundamental right for children including those with disabilities. However, when it came to practice, there was division between teachers with and without experience. Teachers without experience were positive to inclusion of these children with disabilities, while teachers with experience were negative to inclusion of children with hearing and visual impairments. Respondents commented that major barriers to for children, particularly for those with disabilities, include a lack of resources, teachers and legislation to support inclusion. There is also some evidence that traditional attitudes to children with disabilities in Zambia may militate against their inclusion into mainstream schools.
openalex: W2995416974 mag: 2995416974
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Medical education in Nigeria: historical aspects from the 19th to the 20th century - Ajao, O G (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
openalex: W2060236884 mag: 2060236884
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Residency training in Nigeria - Akiode, O (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
No Abstract. Keywords: Nigeria, west Africa, residency training Archives of Ibadan Medicine 2005, Vol 6(2): 43-46
openalex: W1964584786 mag: 1964584786
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Experience with Obstetrics and Gynecology education and training in Ghana - Anderson, Frank W.; Danso, K. A.; Kwawukume, E.Y.; Johnson, Timothy R. (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
No Abstract. Keywords: global initiatives program, postgraduate medical training, Carnegie-Ghana obstetrics and gynecology program, Ghana Archives of Ibadan Medicine 2005, Vol. 6(2): 39-42
openalex: W2072921988 mag: 2072921988
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Surgical training in Nigeria: a reappraisal - Awojobi, Oluyombo A (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
No Abstract. Keywords: surgical training, medical education, rural surgery Archives of Ibadan Medicine 2005, Vol. 6(2): 59-61
openalex: W1966639555 mag: 1966639555
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African Education - Brooks, Adam (2005)
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Challenges for undergraduates adn postgraduate medical education in Nigeria - Marinho, Anthony O (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
openalex: W2027674325 mag: 2027674325
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Undergraduate training in Nigeria - Odukogbe, Akin‐Tunde A. (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
No Abstract. Keywords: undergraduate training, medical education, stakeholders, Ibadan Archives of Ibadan Medicine 2005, Vol. 6(1): 6-9
openalex: W2007723718 mag: 2007723718
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The future of medical education in Nigeria - Olapade-Olaopa, E.O.; Afolabi, Bosede B; Falase, Olabode A (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
No Abstract. Keywords: curriculum review, problem-solving, web-based learning, continuous education, healthcare informants Archives of Ibadan Medicine 2005, Vol. 6(1): 16-21
openalex: W2026988066 mag: 2026988066
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Residency training in Nigeria - Omololu, Olufemi M (Archives of Ibadan Medicine, 2005)
openalex: W2039530819 mag: 2039530819
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The merging of further education and training colleges: challenging factors in three provinces of South Africa - Bisschoff, Tom; Nkoe, Manape Nelson (South African journal of higher education, 2005)
The workplace of today is characterized by global competition, cultural diversity, technological and management processes that require people to think critically, solve problems and communicate effectively. This requires a well-founded Further Education and Training system. The researchers have indicated that the provision of vocational training under apartheid, that is, prior to 1994, was characterized by unequal access to learning opportunities based on the vestiges of legal, financial and other distinctions between formerly advantaged and disadvantaged institutions (Department of Education 2001, 9). The National Department of Education decided to merge the above institutions in attempt to remove the aforementioned vestiges. Education systems do not, however, just change because there is a change in the government, but the existing structures and vested interests, material constraints and the interplay of competing ideologies do warrant changes in education systems (McGregor and McGregor 1992, 17). At the same time, education transformation goes hand in glove with political transformation as a result of the shift in the balance of political power (African National Congress 1994, 3). However, education is a fundamental process, which can be expected to reflect the values, principles and practices of a new democratic dispensation at all levels and in all sectors (Nkoe 2002, 129). The article purports to investigate the perceptions of stakeholders on the merging of the Further Education and Training (FET) colleges in bringing about transformation of the South African FET sector. The reform of the FET colleges, which resulted in the formation of the new FET institutional landscape, is seen as a means to address and fulfil the aspirations of the democratic society as set in the preambles of the new legislation, namely, the Further Education and Training Act 98 of 1998, the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998, the South African Qualification Authority Act 57 of 1995 and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. In order to achieve this, the legislation will be examined and the perceptions of the FET colleges' stakeholders will be explored to help achieve this objective.
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Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among primary school pupils in rural Hawal valley, Borno State, Nigeria - Bukbuk, DN; Bassi, Amos Paul; Mangoro, ZM (Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 2005)
Background and objective: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide and in Africa. In the northeastern part of Nigeria. Information on the prevalence of HBV infection in rural communities is scarce. This study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen amongst primary school pupils in a rural setting in northeastern Nigeria. Methods: Hepatitis B surface antigen was tested for in 150 apparently healthy children in two primary schools in two rural communities situated in the Hawal valley area in Borno State, North East zone of Nigeria using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. Results: The overall sero-positivity of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the pupils was 44.7% (95% C.I: 36.6 53.0). The prevalence of HBsAg was found to increase with age, rising from 40.6% in children aged 10-11 years to 75% in children aged above 13 years. The sero-prevalence is (47.2%, (95% C.I: 37.5 57.1) among males while among the females it was slightly lower 38.1 % (95 C.I: 23.6 54.4%). The differences in the HbsAg sero-prevalence by age, sex and location were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBsAg in the two primary school children provides evidence for an urgent mass immunization for children on entry to the schools.Keywords: HBs Antigenaemia, primary school pupils, rural hawal river valley, northeastern NigeriaJournal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 2005, 17(1): 20-23
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Diagnostic performance of screening methods for urinary schistosomiasis in a school-based control programme, in Ibadan, Nigeria - Fatiregun, Akinola Ayoola; Osungbade, Kayode O.; Olumide, E A A (Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 2005)
Background: Indirect diagnostic methods in urinary schistosomiasis are widely used for screening high-risk populations in endemic areas. Their diagnostic performances, however, vary. The objective of this study was to assess their usefulness in the context of a school-based control programme technique (unqualified haematuria, terminal haematuria and dysuria), visual examination of urine and chemical reagent technique were each compared with microscopic examination of urine for schistosome ova. Results: Chemical reagent strip technique was the most sensitive of all indirect methods assessed with sensitivity of 68.3%, followed by unqualified haematuria (41.7%), terminal haematuria (38.2%), dysuria (25.0%) and visual urine examination (16.7%). In terms of specificity, terminal haematuria and visual examination were the most specific with values of 96.1 and 96.0% respectively. Conclusion: The validity of screening methods agreed with previous observations. Their use, however, depends on the endemicity of schistosomiasis in a given area. There is therefore a need to evaluate screening methods on a sample of the target population before being used to estimate prevalence of disease. Keywords: urinary schistosomiasis, diagnostic performance, screening methodsJournal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care 2005, 17(1): 24-27
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Diffuse pollution of urban rivers – case studies in Malawi and Swaziland - Hranova, Roumiana (2005)
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Integrated management of urban diffuse pollution in the Southern African region - Hranova, Roumiana (2005)
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Choral unit standards and support material for primary schools in South Africa - Wolff, Unita Liberta (2005)
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Recognition of prior learning (RPL) : in search of a valid and sustainable mechanism for South Africa - Heyns, Johanna Petronella (2005)
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The technical college teacher in Nigeria: problems and prospects - Abassah, Miller (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
Technology education is the bedrock of the Nigerian society. This is to enable us meet up with the hi-tech opportunities that surround us. The teacher of technology has certain peculiarities which must be taken care of before he can effectively carry out his functions. The paper highlights the peculiar problems faced by the teacher of technical education in technical colleges and discusses the prospects ahead.Keywords: technical teacher, college, technology, problemsJournal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(2) 2004: 45-49
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Cultural influence on the acquisition of science concepts and skills: a comparative study of pupils from four cultural communities in Kenya - Keraro, Fred N.; Okere, Mark I. O.; Mondoh, Helen Omondi (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
Kenyan pupils come from varied cultural backgrounds that are likely to influence their acquisition of science concepts and skills. This study compared the achievement of pupils from four cultural groups on a science skills test and a science achievement test. The sample comprised 196 standard eight primary school pupils from the Kipsigis, the Maasai, the Abagusii and the Luo from Bomet, Trans Mara, Gucha, and Rachuonyo districts respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical technique was used to analyse the pupils\' scores. The results indicate that a significant difference in achievement in the two tests was identified among some groups at the 0.05 level. Though there are indications of cultural influence, cultural factor alone as a variable could not explain the differences in achievement in the two tests between pupils from some cultural groups. This paper concludes by suggesting that other variables such as teacher characteristics, the effectiveness of different teaching approaches, the pupils\' competence in the language used for instruction and the science teaching/learning resources available in schools be investigated in order to convincingly explain the differences in achievement that were identified.Keywords: cultural influence, science concepts, skillsNigerian Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(1) 2004: 1-10
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Constraints affecting teaching and learning of indigenous language by adult farmers in delta state, Nigeria - Ugboh, O (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
This paper examines constraints affecting teaching and learning in indigenous languages by adult farmers in Delta State. Data were collected from 200 randomly selected respondents in the study area. Data analysis was by the use of simple descriptive statistics. The following constraints were identified as affecting the teaching and learning of local languages by adult farmers: lack of extension agents trained in the use of local languages for the teaching of adult farmers, lack of textbooks, journals, and magazines or even newsletters written on the local languages, inadequate financial provision to sponsors the training of extension agents and books required for the use of local languages in teaching the adult farmers.Keywords: constraints, teaching and learning, indigenous knowledge, adult farmersJournal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(1) 2004: 61-64
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Co-operative employment education for target groups: solution to unemployment in Nigeria - Uwakwe, Mercy O (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
In recent times government has embarked on various programmes to solve the problem of unemployment. However only negligible number of people benefited from these programmes. This paper examines the need for co-operative employment education for target groups as a better solution to the problem of unemployment in Nigeria. Suggestions were also made on how to expose the target groups to this type of education.Keywords: co-operative employment education, NigeriaJournal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 9(2) 2004: 30-34
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The need for equity in resource allocation in the Nigerian educational system: perspectives for technology education - Asiabaka, IP (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
This paper highlights the need for equity in resource allocation in the Nigerian educational system and its implication for technology education. It observes that the secondary education level is a very important stage in the educational system and as such resources required to make the system functional should be put in place and adequately too. It further posits that for technology education to be relevant in the 21st century this level of education must be given a new direction.Nigerian Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 8(2) 2003: 87-95
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Administration of primary school in Nigeria: challenges ahead - Bebebiafiai, IA (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
This paper discusses the administration of primary school in Nigeria. It traces the trend from previous years until the recent situation and highlights government's position and what it should be. It also suggests ways of improving on the present situation so that the future of the young ones will not be jeopardized.Nigerian Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 8(2) 2003: 32-42
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The place of finance in visual arts education in Nigeria - Odey, Okujor (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
This paper is of the opinion that inadequate finance is detrimental to the development of visual arts education in Nigeria. It opines that since it is a capital intensive programme, there is the need for concerted efforts to ensure that finance does not decimate the programme. The paper gave suggestions on how to reduce the problem of finance for visual arts education.Nigerian Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 8(2) 2003: 21-31
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Nigerian language policy and its implication in the school curriculum - Okoh, C (Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria, 2005)
This paper observes that the Nigerian language policy, failed to take into consideration the socio-linguistic habits of Nigerians. Since English language is a focal point for communication it then implies that policy makers to formulate language policies based on realities of language need. This is the only way that the language will make sense in our present situations.Nigerian Journal of Technology and Education in Nigeria Vol. 8(1) 2003: 22-27
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[Nursing initiative for education for girls in Africa]. (PubMed, 2005)
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Self-taught: African American education in slavery and freedom (Choice Reviews Online, 2005)
Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. By Heather Andrea Williams. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. Pp. xiii, 304. Acknowledgments, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95.) The most important point set out in the introduction to Heather Andrea Williams' important study of black education in the South before, during, and after the Civil War is that in many previous scholarly studies of this topic black people are nearly invisible or, at best, difficult to find amidst the welter of white missionary organizations and northern teachers who came South to raise up freedpeople. Determined to show that southern blacks were more than merely passive supporters of northern educational initiatives, the author has searched out a wide range of sources that illustrate that African Americans played an indispensable part in launching a broad-based educational movement before and after northern teachers descended on the South. Thus, in Self-Taught, the starring roles are filled by black students and teachers. Williams' persistent theme throughout the book is the unrelenting desire for literacy among southern blacks. From her perspective, the yearning to read and to do simple sums was an almost obsessive preoccupation. Tracing this pursuit of literacy from the antebellum period, when most southern states prescribed severe penalties for instruction of slaves, the author demonstrates that those who did become literate, from the justly celebrated Frederick Douglass to the hitherto obscure Elijah Marrs, subsequently played vital educational roles in the post-Civil War South. Williams' chapters develop various themes but all emphasize the enmeshed of self-help and self-determination (p. 80). She also points out the difficulties that arose from well-intentioned attempts to impose northern values on southern blacks, as well as the widespread assumption of the innate superiority of white people as teachers as well as learners. In this regard, Williams follows James D. Anderson in noting that the unwillingness of many northern whites to recognize the capacity of black people to master intellectual as well as manual curricula would have ramifications for many years to come (p. 161). While Arkansas does not figure prominently in the narrative, Williams does provide the most complete account to date of the decisive role played by the men of the 56th Colored Infantry in the founding of Southland College, near Helena. She makes clear that the emergence of this Quakersponsored institution was in equal parts a collaboration among black soldiers, local freedpeople, and northern missionaries (p. 58). Like Ronald Butchart, Williams credits Friends at Southland and other places for largely avoiding the idea of inevitable white supremacy while also speculating, somewhat contradictorily, that Quakers may have been less intrusive and controlling because they had no interest in recruiting African Americans into membership as Friends (p. …
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Knowledge, attitude and practice of aspects of laboratory safety in Pathology Laboratories at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. - Aa, Ejilemele; Ojule, AC (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2005)
OBJECTIVE: To assess current knowledge, attitudes and practice of aspects of laboratory safety in pathology laboratories at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in view of perceived inadequacies in safety practices in clinical laboratories in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty (60) self- administered questionnaires were distributed to all cadres of staff in four (4) different laboratories (Chemical Pathology, Haematology, Blood bank and Medical Microbiology) at the Hospital. RESULT: Gross deficiencies were found in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of laboratory safety by laboratory staff in areas of use of personal protective equipment, specimen collection and processing, centrifuge–related hazards, infective hazards waste disposal and provision and use of First Aid Kits. CONCLUSION: Issues pertaining to laboratory safety are not yet given adequate attention by both employers and employees in developing countries in this ear of resurgence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis Band C, is emphasized.
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A Comparative study of the Effect of Two Training Programs on Health Related Physical Fitness of Physical Education Majors at Al-Najah and Palestine Technical College - Abdullhaque, Imad S. (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2005)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two training programs on Health Related Physical Fitness of physical education majors at Al-Najah and Palestine Technical College, and making a comparison in these effects between the two departments.The sample used consisted of (40) students; (20) students from each department.The students were given pre-and post-tests on all items of (AAHPERD) Health Related Physical Fitness before and after (16) weeks of training.Results revealed significant differences in Health Related Physical Fitness between pre and post tests in favor of post test in both departments.Also,the results revealed that there were nonsignificant differences in the level of Health Related Physical Fitness on the post test between the two departments.
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SCREENING OF ADOLESCENTS FOR EYE DISEASES IN NIGERIAN HIGH SCHOOLS - Adegbehingbe, BO; Oladehinde, M K; Majemgbasan, T O; Onakpoya, H O; Osagiede, EF (Ghana Medical Journal, 2005)
* Author for correspondence SUMMARY The effectiveness of pre-entrance eye screening programmes for school age children is still controversial. A point prevalence study of high school adolescents was conducted to determine the magnitude of undiagnosed eye diseases and offer appropriate treatment where feasible. We conducted eye examination on 1,707 secondary students attending three public high schools in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria in June 2003. Those who had previously undiagnosed ocular problems were treated and those who had been seeing eye specialist for various eye diseases were encouraged to continue to do so. Out of the 1,707 students screened, previously undiagnosed eye problems especially refractive errors were found in 13.5%. Allergic conjunctivitis was the commonest ocular disorder, detected in 49% of the entire group. Only 12.5% of those with allergic conjunctivitis had visited an eye specialist at one time or the other. Three hundred and eightfour students (22.5%) had refractive errors. None of those with refractive errors had an eye examination in the past. Glaucoma was diagnosed in five students (1.3%). We concluded that eye screening programmes can identify previously undetected eye disorders in the school age population. It is suggested that screening programmes for school age children coupled with immediate referral and follow up procedures are worth while.
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The Impact of ICT (Internet) on Research and Studies: The Experience of Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria - Adogbeji, Oghenevwogaga Benson; Akporhonor, Blessings Amina (Library Hi Tech News, 2005)
Purpose This study seeks to explore how students are increasingly using the Internet to support instruction and research needs in addition to heavy e‐mail usage. The extension of this research suggests more positive impact from the Internet in almost every aspect of academic life and suggests the need for more access at reduced costs on and near this campus. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of students about their internet practices. Findings Students are now coming to university with more background in technology and the role of the internet and other ICTs. The demand for internet service will continue to grow and how the university should respond to meet this greater demand is the focus of this research. Originality/value Study suggests that the impact of the ICTs and internet service for e‐mail and other research activities related to the role of studying suggests that access is a key problem that must be scaled better so that students and faculty have improved access. This situation should continue to be monitored and the study suggests that more and more university affiliates will need improved access to internet resources.
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What impressions do medical students of the University of Benin have about anaesthesia and anaesthesiologists - Adudu, OP (2005)
UNLABELLED A survey on the impressions 500 level medical students of the University of Benin have about anaesthesia and anaesthesiologists was carried out from May to August 1999. The survey showed the mean age of the students to be 25.3 years and a male to female ratio of 3:1. The study also showed that 170 (82.5%) of the students were unaware of the scope of anaesthesia before the posting. After the posting, this figure decreased to 58 (34.5%) (chi2 = 11.7, p < 0.05, df = 2). Approximately same number of females (71.1%) and males (72.3%) had low awareness (unaware and limited awareness) about the scope of anaesthesia. However, more males (16.9%) were fully aware about anaesthesia and anaesthesiologists than female students (9.4%). Similarly, 76 (54.3%) of the students knew that anaethesiologists were doctors before the posting. This figure improved to 109 (85.2%) after the posting and was statistically significant. Interest in the specialty was exhibited by only 2 (2%) of the students before the posting and 21 (25%) of them became interested during and 4 (5%), after the posting in anaesthesia. The impressions had by those uninterested in anaesthesia include the unchallenging, non-lucrative and stereotyped nature of the specialty. It also included the dependency of the specialty on other specialties and that it attracted dull, lazy doctors whose job was unrecognized. This study's findings suggest the need for better exposure of medical students to anaesthesia to increase awareness and for the specialty to grow. KEYWORDS medical students, awareness, anaesthesia, anaesthesiologists.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species from Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. - Akujobi, CN (PubMed, 2005)
Klesiella specie isolated from clinical specimens from Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH). Abakakliki were studied to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Between January, 2003 and September 2004 a total of 3.600 specimens processed in the routine Medical Microbiology laboratory of EBSUTH, of which 245(6.8%) yielded Klebsiella species, with 84 from out - patients and 161 from in - patients. The number of isolates from various samples were: Urine 126, Sputum 37 Endocervical swab 13, Aspirates 8, High Vaginal Swab 7, Blood 3, Eye Swab, Ear Swab and Cerebrospinal fluid were 2 samples each. Organisms were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by the disk diffusion methods. The antimicrobial disk used include: Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxine, Augmentin, Pefloxacin (30ug), Doxycyline (25ug) Genticin (10 ug) Ciprofloacin and Ofloxacin (5ug) each and Erythromycin (15ug). All were Oxoid products. Results were interpreted according to NCCLS criteria. Klebsilla species were isolated mostly from urine specimens (51.4%) followed by wound swabs (18.4%). Antimicrobial susceptibility to various groups drugs used was generally poor. The most sensitive antimicrobial was Ciprofloxacin with 121(49.4%) isolates susceptible to it, followed by Gentamicin with 95 (38.8%) and Ceftazidime with 90(36.7%). Seventeen isolates were multiresistant to all the antimicrobial agents used. The result of this study will help in the empiric therapy of infection caused by Klebsiella species in Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria but continuous surverillance of antimicrobial resistance of the organnisn is very necessary in the formulation of a sound antibiotic policy in the hospital.
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Preservation of Public Records in Ghana: the training, education and awareness factors - Akussah, Harry (Information Development, 2005)
Describes the institutional framework for records and archives management in Ghana and emphasizes the lack of awareness of document preservation issues among the staff of government registries, the National Records Centre and the National Archives and among users of public records and archives. Outlines the facilities available for formal and informal staff training in preservation in Ghana and overseas and the need for awareness programmes for public servants and users of the National Archives. Concludes that the lack of preservation training, education and awareness raising among both staff and users are key causes of document deterioration in Ghana and makes recommendations for remedial action by the authorities.
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Obstacles and Chances to Cut Pollution Load Discharges from Urban Palestine - Al-Sa’ed, Rashed (Water international, 2005)
Abstract This paper presents the results of a descriptive study on assessment of pollution loads discharged from three areas in Palestine. The difficulties and chances to reduce pollution loads of combined municipal sewage and urban stormwater discharges are discussed. Major obstacles behind a poor sewage infrastructure in Palestine were identified as the followings: insensitive Israeli environmental policy now and during the past period of occupation, lack of financial and technical human resources, and insufficient maintenance of sewage facilities, poor environmental awareness, and commitment. The result is a severe negative environmental impact on the aquatic environment and public health. Through personal contacts, actual data on the sewage infrastructure facilities of three representative large cities in the West Bank (Jenin, Albireh, and Hebron) are presented and discussed. By 2005, about 255,000 inhabitants will be living in the three selected Palestinian large cities (Jenin, Albireh, and Hebron). The total annual organic (BOD) and inorganic (NH4-N) pollution loads from Albireh and Jenin cities are 3,500 t and 850 t per year. This annual pollution is exacerbated through the Israeli settlements, which has been estimated to reach a pollution load of about 400,000 population equivalents (PE). The estimated load emissions in BOD and nitrogen from Albireh sewage works are 3 and 35 percent of the initial pollution loads, respectively. A summary of the urgent research priorities to minimize the pollution loads and measures to abate the negative impacts on the aquatic environment and public health is provided. Keywords: pollution loadsurban Palestinianssewage infrastructureWest Bankresearch needsaquatic environmentpublic healthwastewater treatment
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A Preliminary Analysis of African American College Students' Perceptions of Racial Preferences and Affirmative Action in Making Admissions Decisions at a Predominantly White University. - Antwi-Boasiako, Kwame Badu; Asagba, Joseph O. (College student journal, 2005)
The purpose of this study was to survey African American College students' perceptions of racial preferences and Affirmative Action in making admission decisions at a predominantly White university. 422 questionnaires were sent out to African American College students at a large, urban, public, comprehensive research university in the southern region of the United States. 400 questionnaires were completed for a response rate of 95%. The data revealed a majority of the respondents felt race preferences should be used in making admission decisions at predominantly White colleges and universities. More significantly, all the respondents agreed Affirmative Action and not a lower grade point should be used as part of university admissions decisions. Introduction Affirmative Action is a phrase has its roots in centuries of old English administrative practice to ensure justice for all (Skrentny, 1996). According to Skrentny, the English (British) administration, as the king at the time saw it, was favoring just a section of the masses and others who were equally contributing to the up keep of the kingdom (king) were not enjoying equal benefits. Thus, it was only very few people who had access to certain amenities in the kingdom. In fact, those who did hard labor in building the kingdom had very little to live on. Ssekasozi (1999) who affirms this historical argument argues the people in the empire began to complain to their immediate supervisors and the core of the British (Empire) administration got wind of the injustices. However, both authors failed to give in-depth analysis of this historical argument. This paper examines few court cases dealing with university admissions involving Affirmative action. It traces the history of Affirmative Action, discusses some definitions, and uses a survey conducted in a southern urban predominantly white college to measure the perception of African American students on the use of Affirmative Action in college admissions. In the United States existing literature on Affirmative Action is not clear on its origin and the precise date when Affirmative Action started is still a conundrum. Nevertheless most of the literature pin the origin of Affirmative Action in the United States from 1935. Skrentny (1996) and Tomasson, Crosby, and Herzberger (2001) believe this, Affirmative Action, basic legal English concept opposes rigid legal rules produces harsh results found its way into American administrative system in 1935. The phrase, Affirmative Action, they contend, appeared as part of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (See Dept. of Labor Fact Sheet, 95-17). As they put it, Affirmative Action meant, that an employer who was found to be discriminating against union members or union organizers would have to stop discriminating, and also take Affirmative Action to place those victims where they would have been without the discrimination (Skrentny 1996, p.6). Oral historical tradition states Affirmative Action caught the attention of the American administration during World War II when the former Soviet Union detected the U.S. Army was not reflective of the population (Ssekasozi, 1999). Prior to the 1960s, Affirmative Action seemed to play well within labor organizations and White America never complained Affirmative Action was a bad public policy. It became a controversial policy when the Civil Rights Movements used it to demand equal justice for minorities or all Colored people in America. The civil rights period in the 1960s also put a new twist on Affirmative Action, which came to mean much more than just justice for the poor and minorities but a very politically loaded term got equal attention at the time just like any other legislation. The term Affirmative Action became a model and policy paradigm; a way of seeing and constructing the world specifies what is real and important (Kuhn, 1970). …
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Alternative dispute resolution in legal education and administration of justice in West Africa - Asouzu, Amazu A. (Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education, 2005)
I will review the state of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in West African countries and highlight the need for more emphasis on ADR in legal education and in the administration of justice within the region.
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Fuel from the Savannah: Understanding the Climate Change Impacts of Large-Scale Charcoal Production in Kenya - Bailis, Rob (2005)
Author(s): Bailis, Rob | Abstract: Kenya consumes 4-7 thousand tons of charcoal per day. Much of Kenya’s charcoal comes from shrubland or savannah. After harvest, this land may be allowed to regenerate, but increasingly charcoal is used as a means to clear land for crop cultivation. This is particularly true in Narok District, one of Kenya’s main charcoal production areas and an increasingly important grain production zone. Land management specifically for charcoal is extremely rare. Charcoal production and use is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions relative to other common energy options. However, there have been few attempts to analyze the land-use change implications associated with different charcoal production systems, This paper uses computer modeling parameterized with empirical data to analyze the carbon dynamics of current charcoal production practices, including changes in stocks of soil and biomass carbon resulting from land cover change linked to charcoal production. On a life cycle basis, the common practice of charcoal production followed by grain cultivation leads to a loss of 40 tC per ha (2.7 tC per ton of charcoal produced). Charcoal production by coppice management of native vegetation releases 3-9 tC per ha over 50 years of management (0.08-0.3 tC per ton of charcoal produced). Charcoal production using a fast growing exotic species (eucalyptus grandis) managed on a 10-year coppice managed cycle results in a net sink of 150 tC per ha (0.5-0.8 tC sequestered per ton of charcoal produced). These results are compared to life cycle emissions from other common household fuels and policy implications are discussed.
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Identities in Transition: Shifting Conceptions of Home among “Black” South African University Students - Bangeni, Bongi; Kapp, Rochelle (African Studies Review, 2005)
Abstract: This paper is drawn from a longitudinal case study in which we are tracking the progress of twenty students as they pursue their undergraduate degrees at the University of Cape Town. In this paper we trace two first-generation university students' changing constructions of who they are and the concomitant changes in their relationship to home and university over the course of three years. We describe their struggles to present coherent “home” identities and the ways in which these identities are challenged by both the dominant discourses of the institution and by rejection by their home communities. The research questions conventional notions that students from marginalized communities are either alienated from, or uncritically assimilated into, dominant institutional discourses.
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND INSECTICIDE IN THE NIGER FAMINE - Bate, Roger (Economic Affairs, 2005)
Economic AffairsVolume 25, Issue 4 p. 83-83 CLIMATE CHANGE AND INSECTICIDE IN THE NIGER FAMINE Roger Bate, Roger Bate Resident Fellow of the American Enterprise Institute and a Director of Africa Fighting MalariaSearch for more papers by this author Roger Bate, Roger Bate Resident Fellow of the American Enterprise Institute and a Director of Africa Fighting MalariaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2005.00601.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, Issue4December 2005Pages 83-83 RelatedInformation
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Peripheral normativity: Literacy and the production of locality in a South African township school - Blommaert, Jan; Muyllaert, Nathalie; Huysmans, Marieke; Dyers, Charlyn (Linguistics and Education, 2005)
This paper reports on an ethnographic study of classroom practices in a township school in the Wesbank settlement near Cape Town, South Africa. Focusing on the ways in which a multilingual and highly diverse student population confronts English literacy, we argue for a view in which norms are seen as emergent and contingent on occasion, place, social and sociolinguistic environment. The school, Wesbank High, is by all standards a ‘peripheral’ school in a marginalised community struggling with very serious socio-economic marginalisation corroborated with a dearth of high-quality public provisions in the settlement. The school is one of these provisions, and teachers and learners share ideals of upward social mobility, often crystallised in discourses on English as an instrument of spatial and social mobility. Learners’ writing in English, however, displays many features of ‘grassroots literacy’—sub-elite literacy characterised by orthographic, syntactic, lexical and pragmatic peculiarities. These peculiarities – ‘errors’ when seen from a punitive and homogeneist viewpoint – appear to be shared by learners and teachers alike, both groups being inserted in a particular, peripheral economy of English. ‘Errors’, thus, are systemic, normal and hence normative, they do not preclude effective and differentiating assessments of learners’ performance but are a productive, positive mechanism that allows teachers to reach a degree of effectiveness with their marginalized and heterogeneous groups of learners. We witness the production of locality through peripheral normativity, as well as the creation of a problem of ‘mobility’ when such locally valid forms are deployed elsewhere. These findings have implications for globalisation theory and views of systemic power in Third-World classroom environments.
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The Education and Training of Cataloguing Students in South Africa Through Distance Education - Cloete, Linda (Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 2005)
SUMMARY This paper discusses the education and training of cataloguing students in South Africa at a distance education institution where the focus is on career-specific training. The position of the cataloguing course in the curriculum and the content of the course are explained. The utilization of media and technologies in offering the course, and anticipated changes and possible future developments are discussed.
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Work engagement of employees at a higher education institution in South Africa : research article - Coetzee, S. E.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan (Southern African Business Review, 2005)
The objectives of this study were to assess the factorial validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for employees of a higher education institution in South Africa (the Vaal University of Technology) and to determine differences between the work engagement levels of different language groups, different job categories and employees with different years of service at the institution. A cross-sectional survey design (N = 372) was used. The UWES and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Structural equation modelling confirmed a three-factor model of work engagement, consisting of vigour, dedication and absorption, with acceptable internal consistencies. Practically significant differences were found in engagement levels of employees in different language groups, those with different years of service at the institution, as well as between academic and administrative employees.
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Southern Africa: AIDS-affected children face systemic discrimination in accessing education. - Cohen, Jonathan (PubMed, 2005)
In June 2005, Human Rights Watch (HRW) conducted an investigation in Kenya, South Africa and Uganda to document AIDS-affected children's experiences of inequality and neglect in the school system. HRW found, consistent with previous research, that the sickness of one or both parents due to HIV/AIDS led many children withdraw from school to perform household labour or offset lost family income. Parental death often led to abandonment, discrimination within extended and foster families, and emotional trauma that interfered with school performance.
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The advancement of successful implementation of a computer-based training strategy in the South African corporate training environment - Dagada, Rabelani; Jakovljević, Maria (Education As Change, 2005)
Computer-based training is now widely recognised as a viable approach for education in institutions of higher learning, as evidenced by the number of institutions that offer courses (Van der Westhuizen, 1999:1). Corporate South Africa has embarked on a similar course of action. The researcher used a qualitative research design in this study, with participation from learning facilitators, learners and managers in 15 South African organisations. Data was collected by way of individual interviews, focus group interviews, observations and the analysis of legislative documentation. On the basis of a study involving a number of South African organisations, some requirements were found relevant for the successful implementation of a computer-based training strategy. The performance of the organisations selected for the study was measured against requirements for the successful implementation of computer-based training. Although the integration of online learning in the corporate training environment is still in its early stages, corporate South Africa is very advanced in certain aspects of computer-based training implementation.
openalex: W2077962228 mag: 2077962228
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Along-axis Segmentation of the Main Ethiopian Rift from Tomographic Inversion of Local Earthquakes - Daly, Eve; Ebinger, C. J.; Stuart, G. W.; Keir, Derek; Ayele, Atalay; Waltham, David (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF SUGARCANE GROWING REGIONS - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Poonyth, Daneswar (Agrekon, 2005)
Abstract This study employed a Ricardian model that captures farmers' adaptation to analyze the impact of climate change on South African Sugarcane production under irrigation and dryland conditions. The study utilized time series data for the period 1977 to 1998 pooled over 11 districts. Results showed that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on net revenue per hectare of sugarcane in South Africa with higher sensitivity to future increases in temperature than precipitation. Irrigation did not prove to provide an effective option for mitigating climate change damages on sugarcane production in South Africa. The study suggests that adaptation strategies should focus special attention on technologies and management regimes that will enhance sugarcane tolerance to warmer temperatures during winter and especially the harvesting phases.
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A profile of statistics and research training of undergraduate medical students at South African universities - Dommisse, Jean (2005)
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Insights into the diffusion of HIV/AIDS information in higher education institutions in South Africa - Dube, Luyanda (International Information & Library Review, 2005)
According to the UNAIDS [(1999). Young people and HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS Briefing Paper. Geneva: UNAIDS] report it is widely agreed that in the absence of a cure, only preventative measures brought about by education and customized information exchanges can mitigate the impacts of the disease. The purpose of the study was to review the framework, nature and scope of HIV/AIDS information communication strategies employed by higher education institutions in South Africa. Both qualitative and quantitative research design and methodologies were employed largely through survey, observation and document analysis. The findings reveal that firstly, HIV/AIDS information is provided through a variety of communication tools, channels and strategies. Secondly, in most instances, HIV/AIDS messages are not context appropriate and are unsuitable for academic constituencies most of whom are knowledgeable about the disease. Thirdly, there is a lack of synergy in dealing with HIV/AIDS in the higher education sector in South Africa. Other hidden issues involved in the communication of HIV/AIDS information have been highlighted. Lastly, an institutional framework appropriate for inter-institutional exchanges of HIV/AIDS information is suggested.
openalex: W2158254957 mag: 2158254957
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Insights into the diffusion of HIV/AIDS information in higher education institutions in South Africa - Dube, Luyanda (International Information & Library Review, 2005)
According to the UNAIDS [(1999). Young people and HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS Briefing Paper. Geneva: UNAIDS] report it is widely agreed that in the absence of a cure, only preventative measures brought about by education and customized information exchanges can mitigate the impacts of the disease. The purpose of the study was to review the framework, nature and scope of HIV/AIDS information communication strategies employed by higher education institutions in South Africa. Both qualitative and quantitative research design and methodologies were employed largely through survey, observation and document analysis. The findings reveal that firstly, HIV/AIDS information is provided through a variety of communication tools, channels and strategies. Secondly, in most instances, HIV/AIDS messages are not context appropriate and are unsuitable for academic constituencies most of whom are knowledgeable about the disease. Thirdly, there is a lack of synergy in dealing with HIV/AIDS in the higher education sector in South Africa. Other hidden issues involved in the communication of HIV/AIDS information have been highlighted. Lastly, an institutional framework appropriate for inter-institutional exchanges of HIV/AIDS information is suggested.
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Patterns of Intergenerational Transmission of Education: the case of Senegal - Dumas, Christelle; Lambert, Sylvie (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005)
This paper addresses the relationship between schooling and family background characteristics. The econometric analysis uses an original survey conducted in 2003 in Senegal that, uniquely, provides instruments to deal with the endogeneity of background variables. The estimated eect of father’s education more than doubles when its endogeneity is accounted for and, unexpectedly, becomes much bigger than the impact of mother’s education. We also present results suggesting that family background continues to have as much impact after entry to school as it does at younger ages, and that parental education aects children’s schooling through its contribution to parental preferences.
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Overcoming Biases to Effectively Serve African American College Students: A Call to the Profession. - Duncan, Lonnie E. (College student journal, 2005)
This article reexamines the help-seeking behavior of African American college students with a focus on possible counselor biases as well as biases in the settings in which counselors These issues are discussed as possible contributing factors to the underutilization of counseling by African American college students. Strategies to overcoming these biases are discussed as well as implications for the counseling profession. ********** Over the past three decades there has been a great deal of attention devoted to multicultural counseling issues and how to deliver services to racial/ethnic minorities. Counselors have been informed of ways to adapt services to better meet the needs of African American students for over 20 years (Griffith, 1978), yet how much adaptation of services has actually occurred? To what degree are counselors' comfortable in working with African American students and adapting their own practices to ensure client retention? Data demonstrating that African American students still underutilize counseling services and have less positive experiences in counseling than their peers of other races, despite increases in psycho educational programming geared toward African American college students, suggests that it is time for counselors to put into action the recommendations across several decades, including the recently adopted statements regarding multicultural competency by the ACA and APA (Hargrove & Sedlacek, 1997). Cardemil and Battle (2003) write: It is likely that most clinical psychologists have acquired an intellectual appreciation of the salience of race and ethnicity in the therapeutic context and are motivated to be sensitive to these issues in their own practice. However, for many psychologists, a general appreciation regarding the importance of race and ethnicity does not equate to a clear understanding of whether, when, and how to bring up these issues in the actual practice of clinical work. (p. 278). Hence, the purpose of this article is to re-examine the help seeking behavior of African American college students, highlight professional barriers to working with African American college students and provide strategies to overcome biases when working with African American college students. Despite the gains and hard fought battles to improve the environment for African American college students on predominantly white campuses, there is a substantial body of research indicating that African American college students in general are still having a difficult time adjusting to the sometimes hostile environment on predominantly White campuses (Allen, 1991; Fleming, 1984; Schwitzer, Ancis, Griffin, 1998; Willie, 2003). African American college students enrolled at these colleges and universities have higher attrition rates, lower graduation rates and grade point averages, and attend graduate school at a much lower rate than their White counterparts (Allen, 1991; Duncan, 2003; Fleming, 1984; U.S. Department of Education, 2003; Schwitzer, Ancis, Griffin, T research suggests that African American college students with higher levels of psychological functioning and a positive sense of mental wellness are far more likely to experience greater levels of success and performance, irrespective of the environment in which they are operating (Gloria, Hird, & Navarro, 2001). African American college student help seeking behavior Research that has focused on the relationship between race and help seeking has found that White students utilize counseling and other forms of psychological services more often than African American college students (Bosch & Cimbolic, 1994). Barbarin (1996) identified three main areas of research that were relevant to the underutilization of psychotherapy by African Americans. …
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Challenges and strategies facing forest research and education for the 21st century: A case study from South Africa - Dyer, Colin; Wingfield, Michael J. (Forest Science and Technology, 2005)
South Africa has a proud history of forestry research and forest education spanning at least the last 100 years. Exotic tree species (pines, eucalypts and wattle) were introduced in the middle of the nineteenth century to alleviate the demands on indigenous forests for timber. This led to the development of a highly successful, plantation‐based forest industry, which is an important source of employment and foreign exchange for the country. Research institutions were established by both government and the private sector. Innovations and research outputs from these has made South Africa a leader in sustainable plantation forestry. Similarly, tertiary education institutions were established in the early 20th Century and have provided the industry with highly skilled professional foresters. Over the past two decades, both the forest industry and the country have undergone significant change that has posed new challenges, opportunities and threats on a number of fronts. Education and skills development are Government priorities. Research and development need to be strengthened and aligned with the developments in the industry and government and should ultimately focus on driving innovation in the sector. Partnerships and collaboration, particularly in cross‐sectoral research, should be encouraged and managed within a framework of innovation. This paper presents a brief overview of forest education and research in South Africa and the challenges the industry is facing.
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Climate Suitability for Stable Malaria Transmission in Zimbabwe Under Different Climate Change Scenarios - Ebi, Kristie L.; Hartman, Jessica; Chan, Nathan Y.; McConnell, J. C.; Schlesinger, Michael E.; Weyant, John P. (Climatic Change, 2005)
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Effects of Systematic Desensitisation (SD) Therapy on the Reduction of Test Anxiety among Adolescents in Nigerian Schools. - Egbochuku, E. O.; Obodo, B. O. (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2005)
This study investigated the effect of Systematic Desensitisation (SD) therapy on the reduction of test anxiety on some identified test anxious students. In addition, three secondary independent variables were studied along. These were entry test anxiety level, sex, and locus of control. A 2 x 2 x 2 way factorial design was employed. SD was found effective in the reduction of test anxiety of the students who were test anxious F-ratio = 9.261 with df (1,74). Entry test anxiety level of subjects was found to be significant on the level of reduction of test anxiety students F = 27.458 with df (1,74). Sex had no significant effect on the reduction of test anxiety of students F = 0.079 with df of (1, 74) and p > 0.05. There was no significant interaction effect of therapy and secondary independent variables. However, there was a significant interaction effect of entry test anxiety level and therapy at the end of treatment. Since SD has been found to be effective in the reduction of test anxiety among adolescents in Nigerian schools; it is recommended that this therapy be used in the treatment of test anxiety. It should be noted that before the treatment of test anxiety, the entry test anxiety level of subjects must be considered so as to set a baseline for the therapy. ********** In recent times, stakeholders are worried about the falling standard of education in Nigeria. The media have equally raised alarm about examination malpractices as well as other educational ills in the nation's schools. Comments and seminars have equally been taken on this issue. The pros and cons of these educational vices have been analysed in time past and are still being analysed today. While most people tend to focus attention on the educational system itself, some blame it on the teachers and the teaching methods, while others still blame it on the inability of the students to read and comprehend what have been taught (Adedipe, 1984; Okoye, 1986; and Amameze, 1992). In addition, there could be the problem of emotional maladjustment, which seems to be plaguing the adolescents as a result of the sensitivity in the developmental stage. There is the inherent fear and anxiety resulting from high expectations from parents, peer group identification problems, paper qualification expectations, and adjustment in terms of sexual role. In order to meet up with these expectations, these adolescents could be caught in the grip of fears and anxieties. These situations, when applied to testing, may not make for high academic performance. For as long as the classroom situation does not provide for the emotionally maladjusted adolescent, classroom activities such as assignments, projects, class works and tests may not be done properly. Studies have pointed to the fact that lessons are taught with less concern for the emotionally maladjusted, leaving no room for improvement on their situations (Egbochuku, 1998). Lack of concern could result in frustration, which may lead to fear and anxiety. These adolescents, while still groping in the grip of fear and anxiety, could find themselves in the test and/or examination halls where they are expected to impress their teachers and parents in particular their worth academically. Performance under such conditions could be impaired. Fear and anxiety are emotional problems, which if not attended to could be carried over to examination situation and researches have shown that this could result in neurotic difficulties (Adeola, 1987). Fear and anxiety, in most cases, result in frustration and this is capable of affecting the totality of the individual as well as his/her personality. It has also been noticed that most adolescents who are plagued by this social vice, may not have been exposed to appropriate counselling therapies. This is due to the fact that most schools do not employ the service of a guidance counsellor with the appropriate training and skills to manage such social vices. …
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Geochemical and Sedimentological Records of Late Quaternary Climate Change, Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa - Felton, Anna A.; Russell, J. M.; Cohen, A. S.; Baker, Mark E.; McGlue, Michael M.; Lezzar, Kiram E. (AGUFM, 2005)
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Australia: HIV-positive Zambian national refused student visa on appeal. - Franklin, Tim (PubMed, 2005)
In September of 2005, a three-judge panel of the Federal Court of Australia overturned a decision of a single judge of the Court granting an HIV-positive man a temporary student visa.
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Organisational learning : an imperative for the transformation of the South African public service - Fraser-Moleketi, Geraldine (Journal of Public Administration, 2005)
This paper argues that as a developmental state, South Africa is faced with a series of critical issues in the arena of public service transformation. The paper further connotes that for democratizating the new administration and committing it to a developmental agenda, certain key policy initiatives need to be put in place. It circumvents to argue that the South African transformation is a microcosm of some of the challenges facing the international community.
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Returns to Education in South Africa: Evidence from the Machibisa Township - Fryer, David; Vencatachellum, Désiré (African development review (Print), 2005)
African Development ReviewVolume 17, Issue 3 p. 513-535 Returns to Education in South Africa: Evidence from the Machibisa Township David Fryer, David Fryer David Fryer, Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]. Désiré Vencatachellum, African Development Bank, Research Department; fax: (514) 340-6469; e-mail: [email protected]. We are indebted to Professor Norman Bromberger for providing us with the data. Those interested in obtaining a copy of the data should contact D. Vencatachellum. We thank Marie Allard, Benoit Dostie, Pierre-Thomas Leger, Pascal St-Amour and Bruno Versaevel for helpful comments. Part of this research was completed while the second author was Hobart Houghton research fellow at Rhodes University and professor of economics at HEC Montreal, Université de Montréal. D. Vencatachellum thanks the FCAR for funding.Search for more papers by this authorDésiré Vencatachellum, Désiré Vencatachellum David Fryer, Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]. Désiré Vencatachellum, African Development Bank, Research Department; fax: (514) 340-6469; e-mail: [email protected]. We are indebted to Professor Norman Bromberger for providing us with the data. Those interested in obtaining a copy of the data should contact D. Vencatachellum. We thank Marie Allard, Benoit Dostie, Pierre-Thomas Leger, Pascal St-Amour and Bruno Versaevel for helpful comments. Part of this research was completed while the second author was Hobart Houghton research fellow at Rhodes University and professor of economics at HEC Montreal, Université de Montréal. D. Vencatachellum thanks the FCAR for funding.Search for more papers by this author David Fryer, David Fryer David Fryer, Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]. Désiré Vencatachellum, African Development Bank, Research Department; fax: (514) 340-6469; e-mail: [email protected]. We are indebted to Professor Norman Bromberger for providing us with the data. Those interested in obtaining a copy of the data should contact D. Vencatachellum. We thank Marie Allard, Benoit Dostie, Pierre-Thomas Leger, Pascal St-Amour and Bruno Versaevel for helpful comments. Part of this research was completed while the second author was Hobart Houghton research fellow at Rhodes University and professor of economics at HEC Montreal, Université de Montréal. D. Vencatachellum thanks the FCAR for funding.Search for more papers by this authorDésiré Vencatachellum, Désiré Vencatachellum David Fryer, Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]. Désiré Vencatachellum, African Development Bank, Research Department; fax: (514) 340-6469; e-mail: [email protected]. We are indebted to Professor Norman Bromberger for providing us with the data. Those interested in obtaining a copy of the data should contact D. Vencatachellum. We thank Marie Allard, Benoit Dostie, Pierre-Thomas Leger, Pascal St-Amour and Bruno Versaevel for helpful comments. Part of this research was completed while the second author was Hobart Houghton research fellow at Rhodes University and professor of economics at HEC Montreal, Université de Montréal. D. Vencatachellum thanks the FCAR for funding.Search for more papers by this author First published: 24 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1017-6772.2006.00126.xCitations: 6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Acemoglu, D. 1998, ‘Why Do New Technologies Complement Skills? Directed Technical Change and Wage Inequality’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 1055–89. 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May 2001, ‘One Kind of Freedom: Poverty Dynamics in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, World Development, Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 1987–2006. Cross, C., S. Bekker, and C. Clark 1994, ‘Migration into Informal Settlements: An Overview of Trends’, in D. Hindson and J. McCarthy (eds.), Here to Stay: Informal Settlements in KwaZulu-Natal, Dalbridge Indicator Press, Durban. Dessy, S.E., and D. Vencatachellum 2003, ‘Explaining Cross-Country Differences in Policy Response to Child Labour’, Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1–20. Doeringer, P., and M.A. Piore 1971, Internal Labor Markets and Manpower, D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA. Friedman, M., and M. Hambridge 1991, ‘The Informal Sector, Gender and Development’, in E. Preston-Whyte and C. Rogerson (eds.), South Africa's Informal Economy, Oxford University Press, Cape Town. Galor, O., and O. 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Knight, J.B., and M.D. McGrath 1977, ‘An Analysis of Racial Wage Discrimination in South Africa’, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 245–71. Liedholm, C., and D. Mead 1998, ‘The Dynamic Role of Micro and Small Enterprises in Southern Africa’, in L. Petersson (ed.), Post-Apartheid Southern Africa: Economic Challenges and Policies for the Future, Routledge, London. Lucas, R.E. Jr. 1988, ‘On the Mechanics of Economic Development’, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 3–42. May, J., and S. Rankin 1990, ‘The Spacial and Gender Differentiation of Kwa Zulu's Black Labour Force’, Agenda, Vol. 6, pp. 76–95. Michaud, P.-C., and D. Vencatachellum 2003, ‘Human Capital Externalities in South Africa’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 603–28. Moll, P.G. 1993, ‘Black South African Unions: Relative Wage Effects in International Perspective’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 245–61. Moll, P.G. 1996, ‘The Collapse of Primary Schooling Returns in South Africa 1960–90’, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 213–46. Moll, P.G. 1998, ‘Primary Schooling, Cognitive Skills and Wages in South Africa’, Economica, Vol. 65, No. 258, pp. 263–84. Nattrass, J.l., and J.D. May 1986, ‘Migration and Dependency: Sources and Levels of Income in Kwa Zulu’, Development Southern Africa , Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 583–99. Percival, V., and T. Homer-Dixon 1995, ‘Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict: The Case of South Africa’, Occasional Paper, American Association for the Advancement of Science and the University of Toronto. Pillay, P. 1992, ‘Education, Employment and Earnings: A Study of the South African Manufacturing Sector’, PhD dissertation, University of Cape Town. Psacharopoulos, G., and H.A. Patrinos 2002, ‘Returns to Investment in Education: A Further Update’, Working Paper 2881, World Bank, Washington DC, September. Rogerson, C.M. 1996, ‘Urban Poverty and the Informal Economy in South Africa's Economic Heartland’, Environment and Urbanization , Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 167–81. Schultz, T.P., and G. Mwabu 1998, ‘Labor Unions and the Distribution of Wages and Employment in South Africa’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 680–703. Simkins, C. 1983, ‘Four Essays on the Past, Present and Possible Future of the Distribution of the Black Population in South Africa’, Technical Report, SALDRU, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. Siphambe, H.K., and M. Thokweng-Bawena 2001, ‘The Wage Gap between Men and Women in Botswana's Formal Labour Market’, Journal of African Economies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 127–42. Soderbom, M., and F. Teal 2001, ‘Firm Size and Human Capital as Determinants of Productivity and Earnings’, Technical Report 2001–09, Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University. South Africa Institute of Race Relations 2002, ‘Labour Trends’, Technical Report, South Africa Institute of Race Relations, http://www.sairr.org.za, June. Thomas, D. 1996, ‘Education across Generations in South Africa’, American Economic Review, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 330–34. Trostel, P., I. Walker, and P. Wolley 2002, ‘Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling for 28 Countries’, Labour Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–16. Unterhalter, E. 1987, Forced Removals: The Division, Segregation, and Control of the People of South Africa, International Defence and Aid Fund, London. Wilson, F., and M. Ramphele 1989, Uprooting Poverty: The South African Challenge, W.W. Norton and Co., New York. Citing Literature Volume17, Issue3December 2005Pages 513-535 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Processing of Phosphate Mine Tailings by Coagulation Flocculation to Reduce Marine Pollution in Togo: Laboratory Tests - Gnandi, Kissao; Tchangbédji, Gado; Killi, K.; Baba, Gnon; Salim, A. I. Ouro (Mine Water and the Environment, 2005)
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The Role of Professional Development Networks in Reforming Mathematics Education in Egypt - Gouda, Amal; Banks, Frank (2005)
Mathematics is considered to be one of the key areas for growth and development in Egyptian schools (Monk et al., 1999). Therefore, reforming mathematics education has been given priority by the Egyptian Ministry of Education. Accordingly, a particular emphasis has been given to the professional development of mathematics teachers. This paper is a case study of the role of the Egyptian National Network for Distance Training (NNDT) in development of mathematics teachers’ knowledge and in reforming teachers’ practice in schools. This paper concludes with some suggestions for the effective use of the network in teachers’ professional development.
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Guattari’s Philosophy of Environment and its Implications for Environmental Education in (Post)Colonial Africa - Grange, Lesley Le (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2005)
In this essay I introduce Guattari’s philosophy of environment and focus in particular on his ecosophy which comprises three interlocking dimensions of self, society and nature. Guattari argues that integrated world capitalism is concerned more than anything else with the production of human subjectivity. He suggests that through its technological arm, the media, integrated world capitalism is producing human subjectivities that are domesticated, that is, passive, dull and uninspiring. The symptoms of the homogenising and normalising effects of integrated world capitalism are evident in suffering occurring in the three ecologies: environment, social and mental. Creating new ways of living (alternative to those configured by integrated world capitalism) requires the (re)singularisation of both individuals and institutions – their uniqueness should be reclaimed. Guattari points out that new ways of living are not to be achieved through macropolitical consensus but rather through micro-political dissensus – vectors of dissent open up possibilities for substantive change in serendipitous ways. Furthermore, transformative events in one of the ecologies can have similar effects in the other ecological domains. In my essay I explore some implications Guattari’s expanded idea of ecological niche has for environmental education in (post)colonial Africa. In doing so I give particular attention to the notion of sustainable development.
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Exploring issues for information architecture of web-based learning in South Africa : reviewed article - Greunen, Darelle van; Wesson, Janet (South African Computer Journal, 2005)
Web-based learning (WBL) can be defined as any form of learning that is partly or fully based on material, applications or communication that is delivered over the World Wide Web (WWW). WBL tools provide integrated environments of various technologies to support diverse educators' and learners' needs via the Internet. One of the biggest challenges facing WBL environments is the organization, communication and presentation of information in a logical and usable manner via the WWW. A good information architecture design can increase the usability of a website. Information architecture is concerned with the design of organization, labeling, navigation and searching systems to help users find and manage information. Several Higher Education (HE) institutions in South Africa have developed their own WBL tools some of these, however, exhibit usability problems with respect to information architecture (IA). The goal of this paper is to investigate and discuss the issues involved with the IA of WBL tools developed in South Africa.
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The impact of staff development interventions on teaching and learning at a South African Technikon - Harvey, Irene J. Sass (2005)
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The Rupture Zone of the M=2.2 Earthquake that Reactivated the Ancient Pretorius Fault in TauTona Mine, South Africa - Heesakkers, V.; Murphy, S.; Aswegen, G. van; Domoney, R.; Addams, S.; Dewers, T. A.; Zechmeister, M. S.; Reches, Z. (AGUFM, 2005)
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[Perceptions and behavior toward dentistry in students and non-students in Dakar (Senegal)]. - Hm, Benoist; Sembène, M; Sylla, O.; Seck-Diallo, A; Pd, Diallo; Diouf, Alassane; Ab, Mbodj (Tropical dental journal, 2005)
The authors try to appreciate the perception by student and non student population of dental care throughout fear of dentist, pain and dentist-patient relationship, also the patient preventive attitude. Results show more fear of the dentist by students and expressed pain. Dental cares are expensive according both students and non students but seem to be comfortable. Dentist-patient relationship is more appreciated at the Odontologic Institute which form future dentists and 80 per cent of patients consult for prophylactics care against 29 at the medico-social centre of the university. Dental care accessibility in developing country is a real problem and rate of dental diseases cannot be taken down without support of information and communication waves.
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As you go, spread the word: spiritually based breast cancer education for African American women - Holt, Cheryl L.; Klem, Patrick R. (Gynecologic Oncology, 2005)
Introduction. In partnership with an African American church, we developed an educational booklet on breast cancer early detection from within a spiritual framework. This booklet included religious themes and biblical scripture supporting the early detection message, for women ages 40 and over to have regular mammograms. Methods. The spiritually based booklet was compared against a demographically targeted booklet (for African American women, but with no spiritual or religious content) for communication effectiveness. One hundred and eight African American women were randomly assigned to read one of the booklets and complete a series of questionnaires about the booklet. Results. Both those in the spiritually based and the secular groups reported significant increases in knowledge about breast cancer treatment and decrease in perceived barriers to mammography. Those in the spiritually based group additionally increased knowledge about mammograms. Conclusions. This small study suggests that spiritually based approaches may be more effective than secular based. Our future studies will explore these and other spiritually based interventions in larger sample sizes of patients.
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[Preventive effects of vitamin E on short-term noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs]. - Hou, Fanfan; Wang, Sheng (Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 2005)
OBJECTIVE To study the preventive effects of vitamin E on short-term noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). METHODS Forty-eight male pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups, 8 animals in each group. The animals of group 1, 2, 3, 4 were exposed to the noise (4 kHz octave band noise, 100 dB SPL), 8 hours per day for 3 days consecutively and received normal saline, corn oil, 10 mg/kg vitamin E, 50 mg/kg vitamin E respectively daily by intraperitoneal injection from 3 days before the noise exposure, through the 3 noise exposure days to 3 days after the noise exposure. The animals of group 5 and group 6 days were not exposed to the noise but received normal saline and 50 mg/kg vitamin E injection respectively at the same time as that of group 1, 2, 3, 4. The preventive effects of vitamin E on NIHL were determined by comparing the threshold shifts of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure. RESULTS The ABR threshold shifts immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure for group 3 at 2, 4 and 8 kHz were (15.9 +/- 6.8), (39.4 +/- 4.8), (42.5 +/- 6.3), (0.3 +/- 2.5), (19.1 +/- 7.9), (21.9 +/- 6.4), (0.3 +/- 1.6), (10.9 +/- 8.6), (12.2 +/- 8.1) dB, respectively, which were significantly lower than those for group 1 [(30.9 +/- 11.3), (47.8 +/- 8.8), (49.7 +/- 6.9), (10.0 +/- 3.5), (29.1 +/- 6.5), (29.1 +/- 7.6), (4.7 +/- 3.6), (20.3 +/- 6.5), (17.5 +/- 9.0) dB, respectively] (P < 0.05). The ABR threshold shifts immediately, on the second day and on the 8th day after the exposure for group 4 at 2, 4 and 8 kHz were respectively (14.4 +/- 5.3), (36.6 +/- 4.4), (43.1 +/- 2.9), (0.3 +/- 2.5), (16.9 +/- 4.6), (19.4 +/- 3.2), (0.0 +/- 3.7), (7.5 +/- 4.2), (9.1 +/- 4.2) dB, which were significantly lower than those for group 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin E has some preventive effects on the NIHL.
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Sexual Harassment: The Experience of Out-of-School Teenagers in Benin City, Nigeria - I, Okoro F.; Obozokhai, Osawemen (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2005)
Out-of-school teenage sexual harassment is a problem for both boys and girls in our society today, and the effects of this experience can affect their lives negatively in later adult life. The data on sexual harassment, particularly those on the out-of-school teenage population in Nigeria are very scanty, as a result of the sensitive nature of, and the stigma attached to the subject. This study sought to investigate the experiences of out-of-school teenagers with regards to sexual harassment in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A survey method was used whereby a questionnaire was employed since most of the teenagers could not read. A total of 650 youths (293 males and 357 females) participated in the study. The findings indicate that sexual harassment is common out there in the streets, to the extent that it was viewed as the norm in the society by the youths. For example, 296 (83%) of all females and 152 (62%) of all males had experienced one or more forms of sexual harassment. It was also found that more females (82%) compared to 48% males experienced harassment and that anger was the most common response to the experience. The majority of the victims considered their assailants as abnormal and for the most part did not know how to handle the situation. The implications of these findings both for social/legal action and for health/sex education are discussed.
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Lecturers' Perception of Student Evaluation in Nigerian Universities. - Iyamu, Ede O. S.; Aduwa-Oglebaen, Sam E. (International education journal, 2005)
The need for improvement in undergraduate instruction in Nigerian Universities necessitated this investigation. The survey used a random sample of 200 lecturers drawn from five of the public universities in Nigeria. It sought to find out how lecturers perceive the importance of student evaluation, both for formative and summative purposes. The 20-item questionnaire used for the collection of data had a reliability coefficient of 0.61. The data collected were analysed using the Z-test statistic. It was found that lecturers generally do not accept student evaluation, particularly when it is for summative purposes. Despite lecturers’ apprehension, it is recommended that student evaluation of classroom teaching should be made mandatory and conducted regularly in Nigerian universities.
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Impact of Citizenship Education on the Civic Consciousness of Nigerian Youth - Iyamu, Ede O. S.; Obiunu, Jude J. (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2005)
Nigeria is currently facing the problem of youth incivility and immorality. The need has arisen to seek informal approaches to the inculcation of desirable values and civic consciousness in the young people in view of the apparent failure of the formal school system to inculcate desirable values. This study was about holiday citizenship education programme for 100 Nigerian youth. It was a quasi experimental research involving a pre-test of the youth's level of civic consciousness before exposing them to series of instructions related to desirable values and civic responsibility after which the post-test was given to the subjects. The post-test mean score was found to be greater than that of pre-test, implying that the treatment had significant impact on the youth's civic consciousness. The need to encourage regular leadership and civic education for youth during school vacation was recommended. Nigeria is richly endowed with human resources including the youth who remain very vibrant and full of potentials for maximum contribution to national development. However, one thing that seems to be lacking is the ability of the society to tap and harness these immense potentials for productive and positive results. A lot of lapses have been identified in our schooling process in its lack of capacity to make the desired impact on the social lives of the young people. In recent times too, the homes have been found to be very ineffective in their conventional roles as agent of socialization. Parents have become increasingly indifferent and irresponsible in the proper upbringing of their children, as they seem to keep more time out of home in pursuance of money to the detriment of overseeing the moral and social development of their children. According to Iyamu (2003), the government and parents in Nigeria have not done enough to positively and creatively occupy the minds of the youth to the extent that most of them have derailed and veered off the path of moral decency and dignity (Mokwenye, 1990). Over the years, attention has been on equipping Nigerian youth with the needed values and social attributes that enhance their acceptance, integration and participation in the society (FRN, 1989). Yet, experiences have shown that the youth are finding it increasingly difficult to lead desirable ways of life, particularly in the areas of human relationships, responsibility, respect, obedience and orderliness. Generally, their level of civility has remained low, a phenomenon attributable largely to the lapses of the school and home. Our concern today, therefore, should be to fill the gaps by exposing the youth to appropriate learning experiences and activities that help to raise their civic consciousness and develop appropriate social values and attributes for effective relationships in the society (Grey, 2001). This is part of what citizenship education is about. Concerted efforts have been made by religious groups, organizations as the Boys Scout, Girls Guide, Red Cross and so on to create forums for young people to gain awareness and understanding of certain desirable values and social attributes needed for effective living. The Ministries of Sports, Information and Youth Development have at different times organized holiday programs to occupy the young in creative ways aimed at mobilizing them for useful living Talah (2002) In fact, there is a general apprehension that the youth are at a greater risk while the schools are on vacation. According to Milkey (2000), most Nigerian children during school vocation are like sheep without shepherd. They are often left at home with their parents away for work or businesses. During the school period, the teachers provide some custody for the children. Consequently, the children are at risk while on vocation as they are sometimes exposed to negative influences in the absence of their parents or more matured persons to control or protect them. Ofor (1998) and Johnson (2001) have extolled the value of vacation programmes for young people, be they educational, leadership and religious. …
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Discrete Wavelet Packet Transforms and volcanic tremor: method and application to Erta 'Ale, Ethiopia - Jones, J. A. A.; Carniel, Roberto; Malone, Stephen D. (AGUFM, 2005)
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Condom use among Kenyan high school students - Kabiru, Caroline W. (2005)
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Exploring education policy transformation in Namibia in terms of democratic change - Kandumba, Marina (2005)
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Variations in late syn‐rift melt alignment inferred from shear‐wave splitting in crustal earthquakes beneath the Ethiopian rift - Keir, Derek; Kendall, J.‐M.; Ebinger, C. J.; Stuart, G. W. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2005)
The northern Main Ethiopian rift (MER) marks the transition from continental rifting to incipient seafloor spreading. We constrain anisotropy of the upper‐crust in the MER and its uplifted rift flanks using shear‐wave splitting from 24 earthquakes located beneath 18 broadband stations. Along the axis of the MER the fast polarization direction is oriented between ∼N and ∼NNE, parallel to Quaternary‐Recent faults, aligned cones and maximum horizontal stress. Delay times are highest (0.24 s) where independent seismic studies show evidence of shallow partial melt. We attribute anisotropy along the rift axis to aligned melt‐filled micro‐cracks and dikes. At stations flanking the rift, the fast polarization direction is oriented ∼NE and delay‐times are smaller (0.04–0.14 s). The lower amount of anisotropy is consistent with reduced melt away from the rift axis. These results show melt‐induced anisotropy persists into the crust, and magma injection localizes and accommodates strain just prior to continental break‐up.
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Education and Training for Cataloguing at the University of Botswana Library: An Overview - Kgosiemang, Rose Tiny (Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 2005)
SUMMARY This paper discusses the education and training of both junior and professional staff for cataloguing at the University of Botswana Library and examines the formal library school education at the University of Botswana offered by the Department of Library and Information Studies (LIS). It focuses on education for cataloguing and classification with emphasis on descriptive cataloguing; subject access; classification; and bibliographic control for books and other library materials. The paper also discusses on-the-job training and continuing education for librarians and junior library staff. This paper shows the relationship that existed between the Cataloguing Unit and Subject Librarians before the restructuring of the Cataloguing and Acquisitions units in the late 1990s. That restructuring changed the relationship that existed between the Cataloguing Unit and Subject Librarians regarding the cataloguing and classification of materials and the training activities organized by the Cataloguing Unit for Subject Librarians in an attempt to ensure quality records. It touches on training conducted outside the country. The paper draws information from official documents and the author's long experience in various levels and units of the University of Botswana Library, starting in 1982.
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The development of the model for recognition of prior learning for nurses in South Africa. Implementation of the RPL guidelines by three nursing education institutions. - Khanyile, Thembisile (PubMed, 2005)
The purpose of the study that this article is based on, was to develop and test an appropriate model for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) for nurses. To test the model it was implemented in a form of pilot projects by three Nursing Education Institutions. The study adopted a multi phase decision oriented evaluation research design. Stuffelbeam's Context, Input, Process and Product evaluation model was used as a theoretical framework to guide the research process, This article presents the second phase of the RPL development project. The first objective of this phase namely the extent to which the RPL guidelines were followed is discussed. The second objective, identification of any barriers to RPL implementation is also discussed under problems experienced by both RPL advisors and candidates. Recommendations are made based on the barriers.
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Intracontinental Swarm Earthquake Areas in Central Europe Compared with Areas in Africa and America - Klinge, K.; Stammler, Klaus; Seht, M. Ibs-von; Plenefisch, Thomas (AGUFM, 2005)
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Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use Among African American High School Dropouts. - Kogan, Steven M.; Luo, Zupei; Murry, Velma McBride; Brody, Gene H. (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2005)
Risk and protective factors that predict substance use were investigated with 318 African American high school dropout youths who completed the 1992 follow-up of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. A conceptual model linking positive family relationships and religious involvement to youths' substance use and conventional peer affiliations through a positive life orientation was examined with structural equation modeling. Positive life orientation, which included optimism and conventional goals for the future, fully mediated the influence of family relationships on conventional peer affiliations. Religious involvement directly predicted conventional peer affiliations and positive life orientation. Conventional peer affiliations mediated the other variables' influence on substance use.
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Highly active anti‐retroviral treatment as a bridge towards education for all in sub‐Saharan Africa - Kombe, Gilbert; Fieno, John; Bhatt, Paurvi; Smith, Jessica A. (International Social Science Journal, 2005)
The dual campaigns of Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) have made universal primary school enrolment for boys and girls a priority for developing countries. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has affected millions of people in sub‐Saharan Africa and has depleted the teaching corps. As a result, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has pushed the targets of EFA and MDG further out of reach for many medium and high HIV‐prevalence countries. The provision of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developing countries, however, has given hope to thousands who have not had access to treatment. The Commission on Human Rights in 2001 and again in 2002 confirmed that access to AIDS medication is a key component of the right to the highest attainable standard of health, enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This article explores how scaling up of HAART for teachers can make the EFA and MDG targets attainable. A HAART programme for teachers can produce substantial fiscal savings in sick leave pay, the cost of training new teachers, and funeral expenses, even under high HIV prevalence situations.
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Twenty years of medical education in rural South Africa–experiences of the University of Transkei Medical School and lessons for the future. - Kwizera, Enoch; Igumbor, Ehi U; Mazwai, Lizo (PubMed, 2005)
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Trachoma and health education in primary schools in Tanzania: a pointer to community action - Lansdow, Richard; Issae, Wahab; Katala, Sidney; Mwaisumo, Rose (Health education, 2005)
Purpose The primary aim of the work reported here is to determine whether a low cost teaching approach which had been successfully used in one region of Tanzania (Tanga) could be introduced to other teachers in a different region by teachers, rather than outside experts. A second aim is to determine whether changes occurred in children's knowledge and behaviour and a third aim is to determine if the work was sustained. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out in ten randomly selected schools in the Dodoma region, where there is a high prevalence rate of trachoma, with the teachers being taught active methods by colleagues from Tanga. Local staff from Helen Keller International had an input in teaching about trachoma itself. Data in the form of environmental, educational and clinical observations and were collected at the beginning, the end and during the programme and information on children's knowledge was obtained at the beginning and the end. Findings The results were encouraging in showing that teachers were effective in passing on their skills to other teachers, who in turn were enthusiastic in putting their new knowledge into practice. Equally encouraging was the way in which children's behaviour changed as well as their knowledge. A follow up four years later showed that the work has continued in all ten schools and has and spread to 27 others. Teaching on trachoma will be included in the new national curriculum for primary schools. Originality/value It is suggested that teachers should be considered as a significant part of any community based trachoma programme.
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[Behaviours and needs for health of secondary-school-adolescents in Sousse (Tunisia)]. - Lazreg, F.; Abdelaziz, Ahmed Ben; Gaha, Rafika; Ghedira, A.; Amel, Boussaadia; Ghannem, H. (2005)
It was a descriptive study bearing on a probabilistic sample of one-degree cluster composed of 685 adolescents studying in six secondary state schools in Sousse, during 1998-1999 school year. The facts had been collected through an anonymous and self administrated questionnaire. 23.3% of youngsters had a negative image of themselves. Parent-adolescent communication was inexistent in 30.6% of cases. At school, 24.3% of youngsters had a bad relationship with their teachers. One adolescent on four felted rather alone. One on three was not satisfied by leisure means putted at his disposal. Alimentary behavior was disturbed for one adolescent on three. The prevalence rates of smoking and alcoholism were respectively 14.8% and 9%. At least, one suicide attempt was observed in 7.7%. Among sexually active youngsters, 23.8% did not use a contraceptive mean. This study reveled that adolescent was threatened by a hostile environment which may worsen his identity crisis and exposed him to adopt many risky behaviors.
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Learning in an Additional Language in a Multilingual Society: A South African Case Study on University-Level Writing - Leibowitz, Brenda (TESOL Quarterly, 2005)
This article reports on an exploratory qualitative study on 37 students' acquisition of language and literacy. The study closely analyzes a linguistics assignment written in English, the dominant language, given to students at University of the Western Cape belonging to groups speaking English, Afrikaans, or an African language. The study demonstrated that a variety of aspects of a student's learning biography influence her written performance. Proficiency in the dominant language is a necessary but not sufficient condition for successful written performance. The way the dominant language is taught and acquired interacts with various sociocultural and economic factors, to produce a student's full learning experience. Much of this interaction is traceable in the kinds of essays students produce. The article cautions against attributing significance solely to proficiency in the dominant language and against treating all members of the group of students for whom the dominant language is an additional language in the same way. A more important factor to consider is the students' differing degrees of familiarity with academic discourse, which is influenced by the students' socioeducational background.
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Primary and secondary education in Lesotho - a Country Status Report for education - Liang, Xiaoyan; Tan, Jee‐Peng; Mutumbuka, Dzingai B. (2005)
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National Climate Change Conference in South Africa - Lovett, Jon C.; Barnard, Phoebe; Midgley, Guy F. (African Journal of Ecology, 2005)
African Journal of EcologyVolume 43, Issue 4 p. 279-281 National Climate Change Conference in South Africa Jon C. Lovett, Jon C. Lovett Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPhoebe Barnard, Phoebe Barnard Global Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorGuy F. Midgley, Guy F. Midgley Global Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author Jon C. Lovett, Jon C. Lovett Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPhoebe Barnard, Phoebe Barnard Global Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorGuy F. Midgley, Guy F. Midgley Global Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 January 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00608.xCitations: 11Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue4December 2005Pages 279-281 RelatedInformation
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African music in the FET curriculum : an investigation into teaching strategies and the development of a technological resource - Mangiagalli, Carla (2005)
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Impact of Learning Orientation on African American Children’s Attitudes toward High-Achieving Peers - Marryshow, Derrick; Hurley, Eric A.; Allen, Brenda A.; Tyler, Kenneth M.; Boykin, A. Wade (American Journal of Psychology, 2005)
This study examined Ogbu's widely accepted thesis that African American students reject high academic achievement because they perceive its limited utility in a world where their upward mobility is constrained by racial discrimination. Boykin's psychosocial integrity model contends that Black students value high achievement but that discrepancies between their formative cultural experiences and those imposed in school lead them to reject the modes of achievement available in classrooms. Ninety Black children completed a measure of attitudes toward students who achieve via mainstream or African American cultural values. Participants rejected the mainstream achievers and embraced the African American cultural achievers. Moreover, they expected their teachers to embrace the mainstream achievers and reject those who achieved through high-verve behavior. Results suggest that Boykin's thesis is a needed refinement to Ogbu's ideas. They indicate that Black children may reject not high achievement but some of the mainstream cultural values and behaviors on which success in mainstream classrooms is made contingent.
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Nutrient intake and consumption of indigenous foods among college students in Limpopo Province, South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 18(1) 2005, pp: 32-38 : erratum - Mbhenyane, Xikombiso; Venter, C S; Vorster, Hester H.; Steyn, Herman (The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2005)
Nutrient intake and consumption of indigenous foods among college students in Limpopo Province, South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 18(1) 2005, pp: 32-38 : erratum
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A critical evaluation of training within the South African national public works programme - McCord, Anna (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2005)
Abstract This article explores the ability of the training and work experience offered under public works programmes to promote employment in South Africa. Public works are a key component of South African labour market policy and are ascribed considerable potential in terms of addressing the core challenge of unemployment. However, despite this policy prominence, the labour market impact of the training component of such programmes has not been studied systematically in South Africa, from either a theoretical or empirical basis, and this article attempts to provide an initial critique of the programme from both perspectives. This article outlines the unemployment situation in South Africa and the training component of the government's national public works programme, the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP), which was developed to enhance workers' skills and labour market exposure, and thereby improve their subsequent employment performance. Theoretical and empirical arguments are used to develop a critique of the training component of the programme, and the article concludes by arguing that, as currently conceptualised, the national public works programme is unlikely to have a significant impact on skills development or unemployment, due the structural nature of unemployment, excess supply of low and unskilled labour, and the high skills growth strategy adopted by government.
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Asset Preservation in African Agriculture in the Face of HIV/AIDS: The Role of Education - McPherson, Malcolm F. (American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2005)
American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 87, Issue 5 p. 1298-1303 Principal Paper Session Asset Preservation in African Agriculture in the Face of HIV/AIDS: The Role of Education Malcolm F. McPherson, Malcolm F. McPherson Senior fellow in Development, Center for Business and Government John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this author Malcolm F. McPherson, Malcolm F. McPherson Senior fellow in Development, Center for Business and Government John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00822.xCitations: 4 The article was prepared for the American Agricultural Economics Association Conference, Providence Rhode Island July 25–28, Session: “What Role for Agricultural Economists in Addressing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic?” Paper first submitted: May 15, 2005 and revised July 21, 2005 This article was presented in a principal paper session at the AAEA annual meeting (Providence, Rhode Island, July 2005). The articles in these sessions are not subjected to the journal's standard refereeing process. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume87, Issue5December 2005Pages 1298-1303 RelatedInformation
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The expressed fear profile of South African 1st year students : current and retrospective - Melrose, Sharon N. G. (2005)
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State of Denial. Directed by Epstein Elaine. South Africa, 2002. 82 minutes. DVD and VHS formats. Distributed by California Newsreel, www.newsreel.org. $195.00 (college, corporation, or government agency). $49.95 (high school, public library, or HBCU). - Miller, Paul T. (African Studies Review, 2005)
State of Denial. Directed by Elaine Epstein. South Africa, 2002. 82 minutes. DVD and VHS formats. Distributed by California Newsreel, www.newsreel.org. 49.95 (high school, public library, or HBCU). - Volume 48 Issue 3
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Relationship between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Ellisras Rural Primary School Children of South Africa - Monyeki, M.A.; Koppes, L.L.J.; Kemper, Han C. G.; Monyeki, KD; Toriola, A.L.; Pienaar, Anita E.; Twisk, Jos W. R. (Asian journal of physical education and recreation, 2005)
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and fitness in 212 South African rural primary school children. A questionnaire was used to gather physical activities performed during the whole week. The results show a few significant relationships between physical activity and sit-ups, shuttle run and 1600m run in girls, but none in boys. The gender difference may be explained by a ceiling effect in boys. The general absence of significant findings may be explained by the low nutritional status, unrecorded physical activity duration, high levels of physical activity, and heterogeneity in growth and maturation.本文旨在探討南非鄉鎮地區小學生身體活動量與體適能的關係，以問卷方式進行調查學童過去一星期的身體活動量，結果顯示女學童的身體活動量與仰臥起坐，來回跑及一千六百米跑有顯著相關，而男生的活動量與體適能卻沒有相關，這現象可能受其他因素影響所致。
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Geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic glasses associated with early Homo sapiens in Ethiopia. - Morgan, Leah E.; Renne, Paul R.; WoldeGabriel, Giday; White, Tim D. (AGUFM, 2005)
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Private Sector Investment in Education and Training: A Case of Tertiary Education in Kenya - Moses, W. Ngware; Damiano, K. Manda; Eldah, N. Onsomu (2005)
This paper assesses the current status of private sector participation in education investment and makes policy recommendations. A cross-sectional research design was used in this study. An in-depth descriptive analysis of private sector investment in technical and university education in Kenya was carried out. A sample of 137 private tertiary education institutions was surveyed in 2003/04. Key informants who responded to the questionnaire included principals and senior managers of the sampled institutions. More than three quarters of private institutions of higher learning and less than a quarter of commercial colleges are affiliated to other institutions either locally or abroad. However majority of private institutions were single-campus institutions with a considerable number starting their operations after 1990. Private investment in tertiary institutions has been increasing rapidly since 1990. In choosing the location, investors considered factors such as the catchment area, accessibility, availability of facilities and infrastructure. Despite investment in education being a long-term investment, majority of private investors did not own the land on which business premises were located. This was mainly due to high cost of land in areas considered to be favourable for locating a private institution, and unsupportive policy and legal framework. Most institutions offered soft courses that were female-dominated, as opposed to technical and engineering oriented courses. Foreign student enrolment was very low, though the country is a net importer of education with an estimated Ksh 25 billion being spent annually by Kenyan students abroad. Sole proprietorship, partnerships and religious organizations were the main investors in private education. Data available was not comprehensive and accurate enough for the calculation of net present value and internal rate of return that would have enabled a comparison of alternative investment choices. However, a rapid increase in the number of private tertiary institutions in the 1990s and after year 2000, and prevailing optimism on future investment climate by key players suggest that private investment in tertiary education is profitable. The study identified barriers to entry into private education investment to include poor investment incentives, inadequate access to credit, access to land, inadequate infrastructure, and regulations for setting up a private institution. In order to enhance private sector investment in tertiary education, the legal and regulatory regime should be reviewed with a view to spelling out the role of public-private partnerships in education development and making the registration process more efficient. Private sector participation in statutory bodies that deal with various aspects of education and training is important for them to be able to play their rightful role in education investment and also to encourage fair practices in the governance of education and training.
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Prevalence of scoliosis in secondary school children in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. - Ms, Jenyo; Eo, Asekun-Olarinmoye (PubMed, 2005)
In order to determine the prevalence and distribution of various parameters associated with scoliosis in school children in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, a two-year prospective study was carried out. The study was carried out in selected secondary schools in Osogbo township, Osun state, Nigeria. A team consisting of one consultant orthopeadic surgeon, one consultant epidemiologist, community health consultant, two laboratory scientists and one clerk performed the school screening. Simple random sampling was used to select the study population. Informed consent was obtained from the school principals, the students, and the parents of the students. A total of 410 children 190(46.3%) males and 220(53.7%) females aged 9-14 years old were screened. Thirty (7.31%) children had signs of scoliosis but only five (1.21%) had radiological evidence of scoliosis. Prevalence of scoliosis in the study group was 1.2%. A sensitive test for detection of scoliosis was forward bending test. Thoracic curve was most common. Cost of screening was affordable. School screening is simple, and cost effective. This study found that scoliosis is not common in school children in Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria and therefore does not pose as a major public health problem. However, all the children who had radiological evidence of scoliosis were not aware of this prior to the screening exercise. Early detection has implication for choice of management–an advantage of the screening programme.
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Science education in Africa; A critical time for critical thinking. - Murabona, S.; Daka, O.; Chileshi, M.; Darrow, Jennifer J.; Tung, Andrew; Wanless, E.; Hand, Kevin P. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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The World Bank, INGOs, and Civil Society: Converging Agendas? The Case of Universal Basic Education in Niger - Murphy, Jonathan (VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 2005)
openalex: W2100907577 mag: 2100907577
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Five-year experience of Malawi college of medicine with "learning by living" program. - Muula, Adamson S (PubMed, 2005)
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Road User Education and Road Safety in Tanzania - Mwenesi, Leonard Charles (2005)
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The development of an inclusive approach in early childhood education in Namibia - Naanda, Aune Nangula (2005)
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TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: IS SOUTHERN AFRICA A POLLUTION HAVEN? - Nahman, Anton; Antrobus, G.G. (South African Journal of Economics, 2005)
Evidence that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) may be explained by trade patterns casts doubt on the oft-stated conclusion that economic growth automatically leads to environmental improvement. Trends in net exports as a proportion of consumption for both USA and UK trade with SACU were examined for various dirty industries. Some evidence of pollution haven effects is found, although a similar trend for clean industries suggests that this effect is weak. However, even a general shift in manufacturing industries from North to South (as opposed to a shift in specifically dirty industries) may explain the EKC to some extent.
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Laparoscopic Urology Training in South Africa - Naude, Andre M.; Heyns, Chris F.; Matin, Surena F. (Journal of Endourology, 2005)
Laparoscopic urologic surgery is not widely practiced in South Africa. After presenting a laparoscopic training course, we evaluated how effectively this training translated into clinical practice.Invitations to the course were sent to all South African urologists. Ten applicants attended the course, which consisted of dry and in-vivo animal surgery. Two questionnaires were sent out after the course. Questionnaire 1 (at course completion) aimed at identifying the precourse laparoscopic experience and expectations of the trainee. Questionnaire 2 (6 months postcourse) assessed how much laparoscopic surgery the participant had performed since the course.Seventeen percent of all South African urologists responded to the invitation. Prior to the course, 40% of trainees had performed >or=10 laparoscopic cases, 30% had performed <10 cases, and 30% had never performed laparoscopy, whereas 60% expected to be doing one or two cases a month after completing the course. Six months after the course, 60% had performed no laparoscopic cases. Of the three trainees who had never before done laparoscopic procedures, none had started to perform procedures since the course. The commonest procedures performed were varicocelectomy and diagnostic laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis.A hands-on laparoscopic training course to introduce laparoscopic urology into South African private urology practice has not translated into a satisfactory number of clinical cases being performed. The causes are likely multifactorial but are greatly influenced by social and economic forces. One possible solution may be to offer a mentor-based training program.
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Creating meaningful blended learning experiences in a South African higher education classroom: an action inquiry - Nel, Elizabeth M. (2005)
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Surgical lymph node biopsies in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. - Ojo, BA; Mo, Buhari; Sa, Malami; Mb, Abdulrahaman (PubMed, 2005)
To determine the diagnostic value of lymph-node biopsy, commonest causes of lymph node enlargement requiring biopsy and the usual nodes involved.A retrospective study of 169 lymph node biopsies representing 97% of lymph node biopsies and 3.2% of total biopsies specimen received at Pathology Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria over a 5 year period was undertaken.Tuberculous lymphadenitis (38%) and metastatic nodal involvement (25%) were the commonest causes of lymph node enlargement. Generalised lymphadenopathy occurred in 105 (62%) patients while localised enlargement was seen in 64{}38%) of cases. The commonest sites of localised lymphadenopathy were axillary (38%), cervical (32%), inguinal (8%), and submandibular (8%). While axillary lymph node enlargements were mostly associated with tumour metastasis, cervical node enlargements were mostly associated with tuberculosis. Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy has the highest risk of malignancy.The result shows that tuberculous lymphadenitis and metastatic nodal malignancies are the commonest causes of lymph node enlargement in our environment. Reasons for this include the often involvement of lymph nodes in tuberculous infections {as lymphadenitis constituted the most frequent form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis} and cancer's metastasis. With an effective and nationwide immunisation against tuberculosis, health education on HIV infection coupled with early screening and detection of malignancies in generals, we hope this trend will change in the future. Lymph node biopsy remains an important and valuable diagnostic tool in evaluation of lymph node enlargement as it allows for the architecture of the gland to be viewed thereby given an accurate and concise diagnosis with very minimal risk to the patient.
openalex: W2232200226 mag: 2232200226
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EDUCATION EXPENDITURE, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UGANDA: TIME SERIES ANALYSIS (1962 - 2002) - Okubal, Peter James Ejokuo (2005)
Human capital has been seen by many as one of the key detenninants to economic growth. However empirical studies on the role of human capital especially education to economic growth have been contradictory. In our paper we examine the question whether education expenditure translates in human capital and hence economic growth in the case of Uganda using a time series technique. Using descriptive statistics, cointegration, error correction model and regression analysis we find that there is both a short run and long run impact of education expenditures on economic growth in Uganda through human capital. In our study we examined the average years of schooling as a proxy for human capital and found it to be positive and statistically significant. In our empirical analysis we find that a one percent increase in the average years of schooling, ceteris paribus would lead to 0.38% increase in real GDP in the long run and 0.2% increase in real GDP in the short run.
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Chronic suppurative otitis media in school pupils in Nigeria - Ologe, Foluwasayo E.; Nwawolo, C C (Community Ear and Hearing Health, 2005)
Objective: To compare the prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) among two populations of school children. Design: A survey-demographic data collection and otoscopy was carried out among the two populations of school children. Setting: A rural government primary school and an urban private primary school. Subjects: Six hundred and ninety-nine school pupils in the rural school and two hundred and seventy pupils in the urban school. Results: Six per cent of the pupils in the rural schools had CSOM as evidenced by persistent perforation of tympanic membrane of more than three months duration. No tympanic membrane perforations were observed in the children in the urban school at the time of this study. The difference in the prevalence of CSOM between the two populations is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The difference in socio-economic status between the two populations is statistically significant in relation to the prevalence of CSOM in the two populations. The poorer rural population had a significantly higher prevalence of CSOM (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The two study populations are just seven kilometres apart geographically but there is a world of difference in their socio-economic status, availability of social infrastructure and health facilities. This presumably had reflected in the marked difference in the prevalence of CSOM between the two study populations. A collective effort of government and well meaning indigenes of rural communities in Nigeria can help promote the socio-economic status and enhance the availability of social infrastructure and health facilities of rural areas. This we hope will lead to a decline in the prevalence of CSOM in the rural areas. Published courtesy of:East Afr Med J. 2003; 80(3): 130-134
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The therapeutic effect of peace counselling among Nigerian secondary school teachers - Olusakin, A.M (Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2005)
This study examines the therapeutic effect of peace counselling among Nigerian secondary school teachers. 450 Nigerian secondary school teachers voluntarily participated in this study; 225 teachers (103 male and122 female) were used as control group while 225 teachers (103 male and 122 female) were exposed to peace counselling. Those in the treatment group participated in smaller groups made up of 25 teachers each. The teachers in the control group were also given peace counselling after the completion of the study. Two research questions were raised to guide the direction of the study. Teaching related Element of Peace Disturbance Scale (TEPDS) was used as the research instrument to collect pre- and post treatment data. Analysis of covariance was employed in the data analysis. The results showed that a significant difference existed between the control and the treatment groups with the latter ascertaining a higher degree of peace than the former. Also a significant difference was recorded between the male and female teachers who were exposed to peace counselling in their expressed peace level. Implications for peace counselling among all teachers functioning at all levels of education and their students were discussed.
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Can medical education rise to the challenge of the African crisis? - Omer, M. I. A. (Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 2005)
AbstractIn the face of the worsening health crisis in Africa, educationalists there and beyond are challenged to identify their role in resolving the crisis. The training of doctors has to be re-orientated so that they are well equipped to lead the way towards improving the health situation and effectively participating in improving the general condition of the people. This can be achieved by medical schools having control of their duties and functions and using these powers to train doctors who are community-orientated, able to identify clinical and epidemiological problems and find suitable solutions. Doctors of the future should be comfortable working in the community with other members of health teams and confident in addressing all health-related matters in the community. During their formative years in medical school they should acquire the skills to continue self-education. This paper discusses some of the important steps that should be taken by medical schools, taking into account the present situation in Africa.
openalex: W2059753863 mag: 2059753863
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Pupils' understanding of the concept of environment: a case study of standard seven pupils in Nyanza Province, Kenya - Otewa, John Odhiambo (2005)
A thesis submitted to the school of environmental studies and human sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Kenyatta University. December, 2005
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Prevalence of dermatophytosis in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria: any change in pattern? - Ozumba, UC; Nlemadim, R (PubMed, 2005)
A total of 344 specimens of skin, hair and nail clippings, were examined for the presence of dermatophytes during the period May 2003 - April 2004 at the UNTH.Enugu. Out of these, 65 were found positive for dermatophytes. T. soudanense was the most frequently isolated species representing 70.8% of isolates, followed by T. mentagrophytes 12.3%. Adults were more predominantly infected than children. 89.2% and 10.8% respectively. T. soudanense was the only dermatophyte that was recovered from all sites apart from the buttocks. Compared to an earlier study in 1975, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of T. capitis (P < 0.05) and this explains the decrease in the prevalence of M. andounii, as this dermatophyte is the most common cause of T. capitis in Enugu. Nigeria. An improvement of Personal hygiene, better living conditions and improved socio economic conditions has led to a decrease of T. Capitis, as well as general awareness by the populace.
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Improving facility-based care for sick children in Uganda: training is not enough - Pariyo, George; Gouws, Eleanor; Bryce, Jennifer; Burnham, Gilbert (Health Policy and Planning, 2005)
This study assessed the effects of scaling-up Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on the quality of care received by sick children in 10 districts in Uganda. Health workers trained in IMCI were found to deliver significantly better care than health workers who had not yet been trained, but absolute levels of service quality remained low. Achieving training coverage alone is not sufficient as a strategy to improve and sustain care quality. Other factors including training quality, effective supervision, availability of essential drugs, vaccines and equipment, and the policy context are also important and must be included in child survival policies and plans.
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Public sector training: a ‘blind’ spot in the 1999 South African national levy-grant policy - Paterson, Andrew (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2005)
Abstract In 2000, South Africa implemented a levy-grant policy (Skills Development Levies Act, 1999) to give an incentive for workplace training across private and public sector workplaces alike, but the impact of the levy-grant scheme in the public sector was restricted by financial and management processes unique to that environment. This article shows how factors not anticipated by the legislation strongly influenced the impact of the levy-grant scheme. For example, non-training-specific policies intended to govern the behaviour of line managers strongly influenced training activity. In the future, leveraging training potential in the South African public service requires concerted intergovernmental collaboration across the line function boundaries between labour and the public service.
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The 'new public management' and public sector training in Africa - Paterson, Andrew; Mafunisa, M.J. (Journal of Public Administration, 2005)
This article explores the relationship between public administration reforms in Africa and the implications of such reforms for public sector training. More specifically, it considers the skills and capacity needs that arise from the implementation of New Public Management (NPM) interventions in public administration in Africa. Firstly, a brief overview of the conditions giving rise to the NPM reform agenda as well as unanticipated problematic outcomes of NPM is provided for contextualization. Secondly, the key theoretical ideological underpinnings of NPM are identified. Thirdly, the limitations on successfully implementing an NPM programme are discussed in order to show that lack of skills and capacity are but one factor among others. Fourthly, the training and skills needs associated with NPM are identified. Fifthly, a review of the track record of training in relation to public administration reform in Africa is made. In conclusion, the key observations arising out of this analysis are presented.
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Uneven South African private enterprise training: the national skills survey of 2003 - Paterson, Andrew; Toit, Jacques du (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2005)
Abstract The South African workforce is characterised by racial, gender, occupational and sectoral unevenness in the distribution of skills, employment and training opportunities. This article considers how enterprise training in South Africa contributes to ameliorating, sustaining or exacerbating such inequalities. Using data from the National Skills Survey of 2003, it explains these features with reference to a tension between the distorted apartheid training legacy and the inherent unevenness of trainingrelated policy implementation after 1994. Unevenness will be a feature of any national workplace training environment and is not necessarily a sign of dysfunction. In South Africa, unevenness in the pattern of access to training opportunities may reflect legitimate treatment of workers who were previously disadvantaged.
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Utilisation of Antenatal Care in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Peltzer, Karl; Ajegbomogun, Banji (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2005)
Records of 300 antenatal clinic attendees of a Nigerian teaching hospital were analysed. Results show that many of them obtained care only late in pregnancy and inadequately. Reasons for the delay in seeking antenatal care should be further investigated.
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Distance education in Malawi - Perkins, Ross A.; Gwayi, Simeon Mackson; Zozie, Paxton Andrew; Lockee, Barbara B. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2005)
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Teaching and learning African music and Jaques-Dalcroze’s eurhythmics - Phuthego, Mothusi (International Journal of Music Education, 2005)
This article looks at the indigenous music of Botswana as an African musical idiom, to illustrate common aspects between approaches to teaching and learning music in African societies and the Jaques-Dalcroze approach. The author argues that a strong foundation exists in African musical practices upon which the Dalcroze approach can build. That foundation is provided by the evidence of emphasis on certain musical concepts as displayed in the performance of a sample of song and dance genres discussed in this article. It is further contended that musical performance in African societies develops the same skills that the Dalcroze approach aims to develop.
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Prevalence of peer victimisation among secondary school students in Nigeria - Popoola, Bayode Isaiah (International education journal, 2005)
The study investigated the prevalence of peer victimisation among secondary school students in a state in South Western Nigeria. Participants consisted of 385 secondary school students selected from ten secondary schools across 10 local government areas in Osun State, Nigeria. The participants, aged between 10 and 19 years, were stratified into junior and senior secondary classes. The Multidimensional PeerVictimisation Scale was used to collect data on four types of peer-victimisation commonly found among students. Results from descriptive and inferential analysis of data indicate that the majority of participants reported overall high levels of peer victimisation with attack on property as the most frequent form of peer victimisation. There were significant differences between male and female participants on all forms of victimisation with females reporting higher level of social victimisation, verbal victimisation and attack on property than males. The study also found that while students’ level of study did not significantly influence the extent to which they were victimised by peers, age was a significant factor in reported levels of peer victimisation. The study brings into focus the need to make guidance services functional in Nigerian secondary schools to overcome the problem of bullying and peer victimisation.
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Student councils in Ghana and the formation of the liberal democratic citizen - Pryor, John H.; Ampiah, JG; Kutor, N; Boadu, K (2005)
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Learning our way into communication: The making of the communication and information strategywiththe National Agricultural Advisory Services Programme in Uganda - Ramı́rez, Ricardo (The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 2005)
This paper reports on the making of the Communication and Information Strategy with the National Agricultural Advisory Services Programme (NAADS) in Uganda. The NAADS is a new organization in government responsible for the implementation of a demand-driven agricultural extension approach. The new extension approach calls for fundamental changes in skills and attitudes by farmers, extension workers, researchers, and government officials at all levels. The NAADS Communication and Information Strategy aims to engage stakeholders through different media to explore the new mechanisms and discuss the roles they are expected to play. In developing the strategy, a conscious effort was made to facilitate a process of institutional learning where the change agent helped the organization ‘learn its way’ into communication planning. This paper opens with a review of three fields of literature that shine light on the approach: change management, demand-driven extension, and communication for development. There follows a description of the approach and the paper concludes with a review of guidelines and a reflection on the ‘principles that travel’ to other contexts.
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Fault-Plane Solutions of the 18 May 2001 earthquake in South Africa near Botswana border - Ranganai, Rubeni T.; King, Jude; Garegae, M.; Ngwisanyi, T. (2005)
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Drilling Across Active Faults in Deep Mines in South Africa for Monitoring Earthquake Processes in the Near-Field - Reches, Z.; Jordan, Thomas H.; Johnston, M. J. S.; Zoback, Mark D. (AGUFM, 2005)
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Teaching Empire: British and Dominions Women Teachers in the South African War Concentration Camps* - Riedi, Eliza (English historical review, 2005)
Journal Article Teaching Empire: British and Dominions Women Teachers in the South African War Concentration Camps Get access Eliza Riedi Eliza Riedi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 120, Issue 489, December 2005, Pages 1316–1347, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei333 Published: 01 December 2005
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The adoption and use of new educational the training of Teachers Teachers' colleges Technologies of English in in primary in Kenya. - Sarange, Elizabeth Abenga (2005)
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EDUCATION OUTCOMES AND HOUSEHOLD ILLNESS AND DEATH IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOL SETTING - Schierhout, Gill (South African Journal of Economics, 2005)
Abstract It is widely recognized that the HIV/AIDS epidemic may significantly disadvantage children's education in severely affected countries, but empirical quantitative data demonstrating effects and children at risk are scant. The main objective of this study was to investigate associations between chronic illness and death in the household and select educational outcomes in a school setting. This study provides information on the extent of household illness and death in schools in two provinces in South Africa and explores the relationship between these events and select educational measures. Based on the study findings, we present some of the challenges facing the education sector with regards to managing and monitoring the impacts of illness and death, including HIV and AIDS on education at school level.
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Teaching revolutionary archaeology: African experiments in history making and heritage management - Schmidt, Peter R. (Archaeologies, 2005)
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Protected area managers' perceptions of community conservation training in West and Central Africa - Scholte, Paul; Groot, W.T. de; Mayna, Zacharie; Talla (Environmental Conservation, 2005)
Training needs assessments have revealed the need for people-oriented training to increase the job performance of African protected area (PA) managers. The Garoua regional wildlife college for francophone Africa (Cameroon) developed the first long (diploma and certificate) and refresher courses in community conservation for mid-career PA managers and guards from West and Central Africa. Through lectures, case studies and participatory rural appraisal exercises, the courses emphasized the development of skills for tuning principles of people participation to the conservation objectives of PAs. The present study reviews the trainees' evaluations of these courses, to appreciate their relevance and support their further development. Diploma students judged the course as highly relevant because of the acquired analytical skills, whereas certificate students considered them only of medium relevance. The response to short refresher courses varied as a function of the use of cases from either the trainees' professional experience or from the fieldwork location. The reactions of trainees to this learning opportunity show that PA personnel are not ‘attitude-limited’ as often suggested. Their constraints to develop a more people-oriented work style lie largely in the areas of knowledge and skills. These findings point to the need for increased efforts to implement training of PA personnel in community conservation, preferably early in their careers.
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The revolution Will be televised1: African archaeology education and the challenge of public archaeology— Some examples from southern africa2 - Segobye, Alinah Kelo (Archaeologies, 2005)
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The role of Public Administration in implementing a ban on the physical punishment of children in South African schools : research - Senosi, Ntswake (2005)
Extracted from text ... 8 RESEARCH The role of Public Administration in implementing a ban on the physical punishment of children in South African schools In each school, interviews were conducted with two educators and a focus group of four learners - two boys and two girls. An exception was a school in Ekurhuleni East District where we interviewed five learners. In addition, principals were interviewed in three of the schools, one in the Eastern Cape and two in the Northern Cape, making three educators in each of these schools. The selection of learners and educators in all schools was based on representative gender and ..
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Volcano Collapse in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, Papua New Guinea - Silver, Eli A.; Day, Simon; Ward, Steven N.; Hoffmann, Gary; Driscoll, Neal W.; Applegate, Bruce; Llanes-Estrada, P.; Lyons, Amelia (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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Understanding racism through the eyes of African American male student‐athletes - Singer, John N. (Race, ethnicity and education, 2005)
This study utilized critical race theory (CRT) as an epistemological framework and theoretical tool for understanding African American male student‐athletes' perceptions of racism and the potential impact racism might have on their educational experiences and overall development. This qualitative case study included a single focus group and in‐depth interviews with four African American male football players in a big‐time college sport program at a predominantly White institution (PWI) in the Midwestern United States. These males felt that racism manifested itself in terms of African Americans (1) being denied access to leadership and major decision‐making opportunities in college and professional sport, and (2) being treated differently than their White counterparts. These findings point to the need for further studies that are inclusive of the voices of this particular group and other groups of African American student‐athletes. Further, these results have implications for administrators, coaches, academic support personnel, and other educators at American universities and colleges with big‐time college sport programs.
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Help-Seeking Attitudes among African American College Students. - So, Dominicus W.; Gilbert, Stefanie; Romero, Sergio (College student journal, 2005)
Traditionally, African American students display a low-rate of seeking mental health treatment. Issues such as mistrust of White therapists, attitudes toward mental health problems, and African American spirituality affect their help-seeking behavior. The present study examined a sample of 134 African American students at a Historically Black College/University. Using the Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, the present study explored the relationships between students' year in school, and number of college credits in predicting help-seeking attitudes. Results indicated that the greater the number of course credits students had received, the more confidence in the mental health profession they reported. ********** Previous studies of the general population's attitudes and behaviors toward seeking help for mental health problems (e.g. Kushner & Sher, 1991) have documented a general underutilization of mental health services. Factors contributing to such underutilization include limited access to mental health services (Leaf, Bruce, Tischler, & Holzer, 1987), inadequate recognition or acknowledgment of problems (Yokopenic, Clark, & Aneshensel, 1983), fears (Kushner & Sher, 1991), and submissive authoritarianism (Furr, Usui, & Hines-Martin, 2003). Although attitudes toward seeking psychological help have been studied generally, relatively little is known about African American college students' attitudes towards seeking help for psychological difficulties. Specifically, an examination of the literature addressing help-seeking attitudes revealed that African Americans are underrepresented in this area of research. The lack of knowledge about African American help-seeking attitudes is significant given the contention that ethnic minorities are embedded within unique and different cultural experiences. The limited extant research in this area suggests that, compared to Whites, Blacks are less willing to visit mental health clinics (e.g. Temkin-Greener & Clark, 1988). Black college students, in particular, (e.g. Gibbs, 1975) report unwillingness to seek help for psychological difficulties and more negative help-seeking attitudes, relative to their White same-aged peers (Gloria, Hird, & Navarro, 2001). Much is unknown about the reasons why many African American college students are reluctant to seek help from mental health professionals. Regardless of socio-economic level and mental health needs, African Americans in general are less likely than Whites to receive mental health services (Robins & Regier, 1991; Swartz, Wagner, Swanson, Burns, George, & Padgett, 1998). Instead, they are more likely to seek treatment in primary care setting (Pingitore, Snowden, Sansome, & Klinkman, 2001), emergency facilities (Hu, Snowden, Jerrell, & Nguyen, 1991), or only under coercion or to meet legal obligations (Takeuchi & Cheung, 1998). African Americans in need of mental health services are also more likely than Whites to terminate mental health treatment prematurely (Sue, Zane, & Young, 1994). To account for people of color's limited use of mental health services, researchers have suggested that culture may play an important role in contributing to help-seeking attitudes and behaviors. Through socialization, one's culture sets the subjective standards for determining the levels of tolerance for, and reporting of negative affect and symptoms (Kleinman, 1980). Culture also influences help-seeking through people's communication patterns, interpersonal relationships, and reaction to the environment (Watanabe, 1973). Using Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model, Cauce et al. (2002) argued that the ethnic minority pathway into mental health services is itself affected by cultural and contextual influences. Using a racial identity paradigm, some researchers (e.g., Parham & Helms, 1981) have found that differences in Black racial identity correlated with preferences for Black counselors and that differences in cultural commitment among Blacks and the availability of culturally similar counselors together affects counseling service utilization (e. …
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On RCM‐based projections of change in southern African summer climate - Tadross, Mark; Jack, Christopher; Hewitson, Bruce (Geophysical Research Letters, 2005)
Two regional climate models (RCMs) are used to downscale 10 years of control and 10 years of future (2070–2079) southern African climate, as simulated by the HadAM3 general circulation model forced with the A2 SRES emissions scenario. Changes in early and late summer season total rainfall, rain days and average surface temperature are presented for the projected future climate. The two RCMs indicate broadly consistent changes over the region as a whole. However, time‐ and location‐dependent differences are apparent, especially in the simulated magnitude of change, due to different representations of each model's internal physics and local hydrological cycle.
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The Organic Chemistry of Volcanoes: Case Studies at Cerro Negro, Nicaragua and Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania - Teague, Alexander J.; Seward, Terry M.; Giźe, A. P.; Hall, Tavenner Marie (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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Determinants of Wage Structure and Returns to Education in a Developing Country : Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Manufacturing Survey Data of Ethiopia - Temesgen, Tilahun (Seoul Journal of Economics, 2005)
This study estimates the returns to education for workers in the Ethiopian manufacturing sector, and investigates additional determinants of hourly...
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Practices and challenges of the training and utilization of labour in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of the Eritrean civil service* - Tessema, Mussie T.; Soeters, Joseph; Abraham, Kiflemariam (International Journal of Training and Development, 2005)
This study critically analyses and discusses the way Eritrean civil servants are trained and utilized. This study shows that, except for specific areas, scarcity of skilled civil servants could not be considered as a major problem as it was in the early 1990s. The major challenge for the government would rather be how to utilize the existing staff effectively, particularly the expertise of the ex-trainees. In addition, the findings highlight the practices and challenges of civil service training and labour utilization in most sub-Saharan Africa nations.
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A Broadband Seismological Investigation of the Cameroon Volcanic Line - Tibi, Rigobert; Larson, A. M.; Nyblade, A. A.; Shore, P.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Nnange, J. M.; Tabod, Charles T.; Bekoa, Ateba (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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Drug use among senior secondary school students in rural Nigeria. - To, Lawoyin; Oo, Ajumobi; Mm, Abdul; Jo, Abdul Malik; Da, Adegoke; Oa, Agbedeyi (PubMed, 2005)
Several studies in Asia, USA and the United Kingdom have shown widespread drug use among adolescents and young adults, thus drawing global attention to this problem. There is however a paucity of data on drug use among youths in rural Nigeria. The target population for this study were adolescents and youths from three out of the 6 senior secondary schools in Igboora, Nigeria, selected by simple random sampling. A cross-sectional study, using interviewer-assisted questionnaire to determine the prevalence of and identify factors associated with drug use. Two hundred and seventy three (69.3%) respodents were currently using one or more drugs of which 123 (45.1%) were single drug users while 150 (54.9%) were multiple drug users. Fourteen different psychoactive substances were reportedly used of which Alabukun, a popular, locally manufactured analgesic (a mixture of acetyl salicylic acid and caffeine) was the most commonly reported drug currently used and ever used. Alcohol was the next commonly reported currently used drug while Kolanut was the next commonly ever-used drug. Tobacco ranked low on the list with only 1.5% current users, while 4.4% reported having ever-used this drug. Following logistic regression analysis, having peers (close friends) and primary caretakers who use drugs, significantly increased the chances of the students using drugs (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Males compared with females were also significantly more likely to use drugs (P = 0.024). Significant relationship exists between drug use and poor role modeling. Introducing peer counseling, community awareness and working with adults who have adolescents at home would go a long way towards reducing psychoactive drug use at community and household level, particularly among in-school youths.
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Examining a Model of the Relation Between Religiosity and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of African American and White College Students - Walker, Robert; Bishop, Shaughna (Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 2005)
In this study, a model of certain aspects of religiosity, social support, and depressive symptomatology that would examine how African Americans may be, differentially, protected from suicide was proposed. Intrinsic religiosity was found to be negatively related to depressive symptoms which were positively related to suicide ideation in a sample of 459 college students. Though the model was expected to produce more robust results for African American compared to White students, we did not find this. Further investigation of religiosity and related phenomena (e.g., spirituality) are warranted across age, socioeconomic, and ethnic groups.
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E. B. Fiske and H. F. Ladd. Elusive Equity: Education Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. Bibliography. Index. Cloth. $32.95. - Westhuizen, Van der (African Studies Review, 2005)
E. B. Fiske and H. F. Ladd. Elusive Equity: Education Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. Bibliography. Index. Cloth. $32.95. - Volume 48 Issue 3
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Elusive Equity: Education Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa - Westhuizen, Van der; Gert, J (African Studies Review, 2005)
E. B. Fiske and H. F. Ladd. Elusive Equity: Education Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004. Bibliography. Index. Cloth. $32.95. This text comes at a time when those with a stake in the answers are asking questions about the transformation of education a decade after the end of apartheid. Quite rightly, the title underscores the key point that equity goals are not so easy to attain, especially in the new South Africa where significant change is a historical imperative. The authors are a husband-and-wife team based in the United States: Fiske is an educational journalist and Ladd a policy studies specialist. They spent the first six months of 2002 in South Africa, and to judge by the list of references, they consulted with a wide range of political figures, educationists, and local resources on education. Although they acknowledge that they cannot claim the same insights as those who specialize in educational reform and who have had direct experience of the education system in South Africa, their account of the struggle for equity offers the independent viewpoint and objectivity of informed outsiders, and it is evident that they have the skills to do justice to the complex story. Elusive Equity begins with two background chapters describing the context and analytical framework and providing a brief history of the racial policies and practices of apartheid South Africa. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the role of education in first maintaining and then dismantling apartheid, along with the political aspirations that led to changes. Chapters 5 through 9 constitute the core of the book. They measure recent reform efforts in terms of progress toward equity goals, looking at issues of governance, finance, public and private resource allocations, and curriculum. Chapter 10 offers an analysis of reform in higher education and is followed by a conclusion summarizing the authors' findings. Equity is a key educational goal in South Africa. The text defines this goal in terms of what the authors call standards of racial equity: equal treatment, equal educational opportunity, and educational adequacy. The concept of equity may of course be defined in other terms and in other languages. For example, the Sotho equivalent for the word equity is tekatekano, meaning equalized. The notion of is embedded in tekatekano, recognizing that the state of perfect equality can be wished for but in practice will always be a hit-or-miss proposition-hence the meaning of almost equal (M. G. Mahlomaholo, personal communication, 2005). The Afrikaans word gelykheid, on the other hand, denotes equivalence in size, form, or level. The interpretations of the concept of equity offered by Fiske and Ladd do not reflect these nuances, and yet notions such as fluidity (for example, in equity processes) and sameness (for example in resource allocation) are indicative of the systemic complexity of equity as a policy goal. …
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Enacting Texts: African American Drama, Politics, and Presentation in the African American Literature Classroom - Wood, Jacqueline (College Literature, 2005)
In African American literature, political connection with the audience is intensified by the radical nature of black drama as it both expresses protest and embodies acts of communal resistance and reaffirmation. The purpose of this article is to impart to students of African American literature distinguishing qualities of African American drama, with the hope that this often understudied, if not ignored, segment of African American literature can enhance students' appreciation of African American literary accomplishment. With this goal in mind, Part I of this article explores teaching African American drama from within a theoretical framework of the African concept of Nommo and from within African American historical experience. Part II demonstrates how this framing can be effectively conveyed to students through classroom experiences that develop and reaffirm students' understanding of black drama through presentation experiences uniquely available in working with texts written-to-be-performed.
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Apparent Stress and Rupture Speed of Small Earthquakes in a South African Gold Mine : Constraints on Fracture Energy - Yamada, Tomoaki; Mori, James; Ide, Satoshi; Kawakata, Hironori; Iio, Yoshihisa; Ogasawara, Hiroyuki (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2005)
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Media in Distance Learning: The Nigerian National Teachers Institute Distance Education Programme. - Yusuf, Mudasiru Olalere; Falade, Ayotunde Atanda (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2005)
This study investigated the use of media by distance learners enrolled in the NTI distance education programme. Two hundred and fifty five distance learners drawn from Oyo State, Nigeria, completed a questionnaire to determine the use of media, and factors militating against their effective use by distance learners. Research data were analyzed using percentages. The findings indicated that face-to-face contact and print related media were the major media used for learning. The findings also indicated that lack of fund, ICT facilities, electricity, among others; militate against the use of technology media. Recommendations were made for the provision of basic infrastructures to facilitate the integration of technology in distance education, in Nigeria.
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Correlates of parental influence, school environment, learners\' interest and self – efficiency on academic performance of police children in Ibadan, Nigeria - Aremu, Ayotola; Ogbuagu, V Efetemere (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2005)
The study examined the predicting effects of parental influence, school environment, Learners\' interest, and self–efficacy on academic performance of police children in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo state, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 200 primary IV, V and VI pupils (Mean age = 9 years). The results of the multiple regression revealed that parental influence, school environment, learners\' interest and self-efficacy individually and jointly predicted academic performance. The study found that the predictors jointly determine the academic performance of the pupils. Parents\' influence, self–efficacy, and school environment were also found to be statistically significant. Results are discussed in terms of counseling implications. Keywords : parental influence, academic performance, police children, Nigeria African Journal of Psychological Study of Social Issues Vol. 8(1) 2005: 42-57
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A GUIDE FOR ACCREDITATION REVIEWS AIMED AT QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SOUTH AFRICAN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING - Bezuidenhout, Maria Johanna (2005)
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Alcohol Consumption and Positive Study Practices among African American College Students - dePyssler, Bruce; Williams, Valerie; Windle, Michael (Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 2005)
Abstract This investigation focused on the relation between college student drinking behavior and study skills, behaviors, habits, and attitudes among undergraduate students at a predominantly African American university. Students (N = 492) were administered a multimedia alcohol survey with an embedded measure of study practices. The negative and generally statistically significant correlations between study practices and drinking outcomes signify that lower scores on these study practices subscales were associated with greater alcohol use and abuse. Multiple regression analyses evaluated the contribution of study habits and attitudes to the prediction of alcohol consumption outcomes, beyond sex, age, and grades. The inclusion of measures of study practices enhanced the prediction of African American student alcohol use significantly and substantially. INTRODUCTION There is a growing literature on college student alcohol use and abuse, and there is a well-established body of research that examines the important role of student study practices in academic success and student feelings of self-confidence, self-efficacy, and self-competence. While we know that alcohol use and abuse are negatively correlated with academic performance (Engs, Diebold, & Hanson, 1996; Schulenberg, Bachman, O'Malley, & Johnston, 1994), there is no research that directly examines the patterns between study practices and alcohol use and abuse. It is essential that educational policymakers recognize the associations that may exist between college student alcohol consumption and study habits and attitudes in order to understand the needs of students and develop innovative programs specifically designed to reduce alcohol abuse. If important associations do exist between alcohol consumption and study practices, then academic policymakers need a complete and precise understanding of those study habits and attitudes that best predict reduced alcohol abuse. For example, is it study methods and habits, or is it student attitudes toward their education or their instructors that are associated with alcohol consumption? Answers to such questions will help policymakers, researchers, and clinicians devise more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Student alcohol use and abuse Research demonstrates that a host of problems–physical, educational, social, disciplinary, psychological, and legal problems–are associated with college student alcohol consumption (Gonzalez & Wiles, 1981; Walfish, Wentz, Benzing, Brennan, & Champs, 1981). For example, student alcohol consumption has been linked to depression and suicide in both high school and college students (DeSimone, Murray, & Lester, 1994) and to high-risk sexual activity (Gainey, 1993). Alcohol use and abuse rates are high, especially at predominantly white universities (Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, & Castillo, 1994); binge drinking is also a problem (Wechsler, 1996; Presley, Meilman, & Cashin 1997). Furthermore, students who drink frequently are not typically concerned about their drinking behavior (Burrell, 1992). African American student alcohol consumption rates are significantly lower than rates for white students–1/3 the rate, in fact–and African American students do not endorse alcohol expectancies as positively as white students (Meilman, Presley, & Lyerla, 1994). Even so, a study at a predominantly African American southern university classified 13% of the student body as high-risk drinkers (Grenier, Borskey, & Fosle, 1998). More importantly, at similar levels of alcohol consumption as whites, African American adolescents (Welte & Barnes, 1987) and African American adults (Herd, 1988) experience more alcohol-related problems. Student study skills, behaviors, habits and attitudes According to Gadzella, Goldston, and Zimmerman (1976) and Pace (1990), the best predictor of grade-point average (GPA) is student study habits and practices. …
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Exploratory study on the acceptance of the visually impaired, hearing impaired and mentally retarded to participate in mainstreaming programmes in Ghana - Deku, Prosper; Kofi, Gyimah Emmanuel (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2005)
The aim of the study was to find out the extent to which students with Mental Retardation, Visual Impairment and Hearing Impairment would accept the idea of mainstreaming programmes in Ghana. In carrying out the study, 90 students were selected randomly from three of the country\'s special schools. A-15 item questionnaire designed in the Likert scale format was used to collect data. The major findings were that majority of the students rejected the mainstreaming programme. It came out that disability by type is independent of their acceptance of their placement. No significant difference was realised in the acceptance scores among the students. IFE PsychologIA Vol. 13(2) 2005: 9-21
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