Training response of adolescent Kenyan town and village boys to endurance running - Larsen, Henrik; Nolan, Thomas E.; Borch, Christian; Söndergaard, Hans Peter (Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2005)
To investigate the response to endurance training on physiological characteristics, 10 Nandi town boys and 14 Nandi village boys 16.5 and 16.6 years of age, respectively, from western Kenya performed 12 weeks of running training. The study was performed at altitude (∼2000 m.a.s.l. ∼595 mm Hg). Training heart rate and speed were registered during every training session throughout the entire training period. While town and village boys trained at similar heart rates (172.1 vs. 172.5 beats min −1 ), the training speed of the town boys was 9% lower compared with the village boys (12.4 vs. 13.6 km h −1 , P <0.001). Significant increases in VO 2max were observed in the town boys (from 50.3 to 55.6 mL kg −1 min −1 , P <0.001) and in village boys (from 56.0 to 59.1 mL kg −1 min −1 , P <0.002). Significant decreases in submaximal heart rate (from 172.4 to 160.3 beats min −1 ( P <0.005)), blood lactate (from 2.7 to 1.4 mmol L −1 ( P <0.005)) and ammonia concentration (from 102.0 to 71.4 μ mol L −1 ( P <0.01)) at 9.9 km h −1 were observed in the town boys, while similar decreases in heart rate (from 170.2 to 159.2 beats min −1 ( P <0.001)), blood lactate (from 2.4 to 1.4 mmol L −1 ( P <0.001)) and ammonia concentration (from 102.5 to 72.7 lmol L −1 ( P <0.001)) at 10.9 km h −1 were observed in the village boys. The oxygen cost of running was decreased from 221.5 to 211.5 mL kg −1 km −1 ( P <0.03) in the town boys and from 220.1 to 207.2 mL kg −1 km −1 ( P <0.01) in the village boys. The 5000 m performance time of the town boys was significantly greater than that of the village boys (20.25 vs. 18.42 min ( P =0.01)). It is concluded that no difference was observed in trainability with respect to VO 2max , running economy, submaximal heart rate, and submaximal blood lactate and ammonia concentration between Kenyan Nandi town and village boys. The higher performance level of the village boys was likely due to a higher VO 2max of these boys.
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Perceptions of Teacher Educators to Alternative Approaches of Grievance Handling by Lecturers of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria - Baba, NM (Social Science Research Network, 2005)
This study investigated the perceptions of teacher educators to the use of strikes by teachers’ unions like the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and the alternatives to this in grievance handling by lecturers of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The population of the study is all lecturers of the Federal College of Education Gusau (a total of 73) from whom forty (40) lecturers were used as the sample. Data were collected using a scaled questionnaire and were analysed using means and standard deviations. The study found, among other things, that the respondents held the opinion that strikes were not yielding any positive results in bringing about the needed fundamental reforms in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The respondents also believed that there were alternative approaches to grievance handling that lecturers of tertiary institutions can use. The study made recommendations relevant to these findings.
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Otoacoustic emission testing in the early identification of noise-induced hearing loss in South African mineworkers - Clark, Adele Laura (2005)
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Visual impairment in South Africa: achieve-ments and challenges - Sacharowitz, H.S. (African Vision and Eye Health, 2005)
Estimates of the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in South Africa are reviewed against the existing services and limitations in the country. The magnitude1 of visual impair-ment and the projected increase worldwide over the coming decades have been recognized as having potentially far-reaching social, eco-nomic and quality of life implications for not only the affected individuals but also for their families and communities. Two-thirds or more of all blindness is avoidable, in that the causes are preventable or treatable.2, 3 Early detec-tion, prevention and management programs are needed to reduce the impact of visual impair-ment. Approximately 80% of the South African population is indigent, relying on public hospi-tals and clinics and the remaining 20% of the population has access to private health care.4 As the majority of eye care professionals are in private practice, access to eye care services are available to only a minority of the population. This paper reviews the current services in South Africa and the challenges that lie ahead.
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Incomplete and Inaccurate Death Certification by Medical Students in Nigeria, the Need for Guidance - Izegbu, MC; Agboola, Ayodeji; Akiode, O; Abudu, Emmanuel Kunle (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2005)
The study aimed to find out the level of knowledge of medical death certification of final year medical students, Objective - (1) To assess their knowledge of death certification (2) find out at what level of their training they came in contact with death certificates (3) who normally fills death certificate (4) if they can fill death certificate correctly (5) if there is need for formalized training session on death certificate in the medical school. Materials and Methods - This was a cross sectional survey of 50 final year medical students of Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, (O.A.C.H.S. O.O.U.) who had completed their rotations in pathology and clinical posting and these students were chosen at random. This was carried out by administering self-structured 15 item questionnaires to the students and they were also given death certificate to fill out on a clinical scenario. Results – About 63% students had no formal teaching in the filling of death certificate and over 55% of them had never seen a death certificate filled. Among the 45% of student who had seen death certificate filled, less than 25% of them did so at various levels of their pathological and clinical postings. The students saw more house offices filling death certificate than other cadre of doctors. 50% of them would want to be trained on death certification at morbid anatomy postings. Over 80% of the students were aware of the importance and indications for death certification. Conclusion – The inclusion of formal training in death certificate completion in the medical school curriculum of the Obafemi Awolowo College of health Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ogun State, would be desirable. Key Words: Death Certification, Medical Students, School Curriculum Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol.46(4) 2004: 84-86
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Information Literacy and Quality Assurance in South African Higher Education Institutions - Jager, Karin de; Nassimbeni, Mary (Libri, 2005)
The first decade of democracy in South Africa has seen intensive policy-making in the higher education sector with a view to transforming the teaching and learning practices to be more consistent with a modern democracy on the African continent. In addition to addressing specific problems and gaps caused by the destructive policies of the past, the government has sought to ensure that the higher education institutions improve the government's performance with respect to global competitiveness. This paper analyses the key policy trends that are likely to impact on academic libraries' efforts to extend their information literacy education programmes. The authors discuss the progress made by librarians in establishing partnerships with academics to deliver quality education and so participate in the transformative agenda. These efforts are viewed against the background of global moves towards definitions of graduateness and the establishment of quality assessment management systems for universities. The paper shows how librarians have developed their conceptions of information literacy education and makes the case that they can accelerate the uptake of information literacy education interventions in the curriculum by more pointed leverage of higher education policy initiatives.
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Serum Alanine Aminotransferase may not be a good surrogate marker of Hepatitis C Virus infection: A Study of Blood Donors in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Nigeria - Mohammed, Y A (Sahel Medical Journal, 2005)
Background: Prior to the identification of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 1989, raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was used as a surrogate marker for non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis agents to reduce the risk of post-transfusion hepatitis. Most of this NANB hepatitis was later found to be due to HCV infection. The absence of a national screening policy for HCV infection and the non-availability of screening facilities in most of our health institution may place many blood recipients at risk of HCV infection. Aim: This study was set to evaluate the usefulness of serum ALT as a surrogate marker of HCV infection in blood donors. Methodology: The study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital between August 2002 to November 2002. Ninety-six healthy, volunteer, blood donors were screened for anti-HCV using a third-generation ELISA test kits, and all had serum ALT levels measured. Result: Antibodies against HCV was detected in 10.4% of donors and the overall mean serum ALT level was 8.84 (±5.6) iu/L. The mean serum ALT level for anti-HCV positive and negative was 7.7 (±2.45) and 8.9 (±5.86) iu/L, respectively, of which, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: While the prevalence of antibodies against HCV in blood donors appears to be high in north-eastern Nigeria, serum ALT levels may not be a good surrogate marker for HCV infection in blood donors in this environment. Key Words: Blood donors, HCV, Serum ALT levels. Sahel Medical Journal Vol.7(3) 2004: 88-91
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Specialty Choice of Residents in the University of Nigeria teaching Hospital, Enugu 1989 - 1999. - Ogbonnaya, Lawrence Ulu; Agu, Ada P; Nwonwu, Elizabeth Uzoamaka; Ogbonnaya, Chimdia (Orient Journal of Medicine, 2005)
Objective: To analyze the specialty choice of residents in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu from 1989 - 1999, and to assess the ratio of community physicians to the clinical specialties of residents. Method: The record of admissions into the residency training programme in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu was analyzed. Simple percentages and proportions of residents in the different specialties were computed and compared with one another and with community medicine. Result: The ratio of community medicine to the other clinical departments of Surgery, Internal medicine, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics is 1:7. When compared individually, each of these four were at a ratio of about 2:1 to community medicine. Conclusion: This study and other studies from other parts of the nation show that Nigeria is producing more core clinicians than community health physicians. As the nation's health policy is anchored on Primary Health Care, Community Health Physicians may be better suited to implement the nation's health policy. It would therefore be beneficial to increase the number of community Health Physicians produced by training institutions in Nigeria. Key Words: Residency training; Health manpower, Primary Health Care; Community physicians Orient Journal of Medicine Vol.16(3&4) 2004: 7-12
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Pattern of Grinding Machine Injuries as seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Musa, A.A. (Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2005)
OBJECTIVE: To highlight the severity and complications of grinding machine injuries. To design a treatment protocol that may become a model for future management of grinding machine injuries and find ways of preventing them. PATIENTS: Over a seven-year period, 135 patients who had grinding machine injuries were referred to the orthopedic unit. The mean age of the patients was 15.72 (+1.2) years. Most of the patients were young, 20 years and below. Female patients were below fifteen years of age. These injuries were rare in older age group. The patients were either operators or those who patronize the mill. METHODS: The orthopedic unit managed only musculosketal, grinding machine injuries. These injuries were managed with a particular treatment protocol that emphasizes early anti tetanus and antibiotic prophylaxis. Lacerations were sutured but if the edges of the wound were ragged suturing was delayed. Open fractures were managed by external fixation. Traumatic amputations were re-fashioned. RESULT: This treatment protocol was cheap and affordable because most of the components were obtainable locally. his made it possible for most of the patients to stay in hospital and receive adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Public enlightenment and safer models of the grinding machine will reduce these injuries. A larger group of patients will be require to make the outcome of this proposed treatment protocol more convincing Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma Vol.3(2) 2004: 170-175
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Globalisation: A Menace to African Values and Education? - Adesoji, Oni A. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
Globalization has become a conspicuous phenomenon of our time and has attracted the attention of many. This paper examines the place of Africa in the global village by showing what the African continent stands to gain in the,global community, whether globalization portends any threat to African education and values and how best to make African education, cultures, and values functional and relevant in the new modernity.
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Factors Militating Against the Eradication of Students' Cults in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions of Learning - Asuka, Tuemi T (Zimbabwe journal of educational research, 2005)
No Abstract Available Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol.14(2) 2002: 167-178
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Advanced Level Students\' Perceptions of the Causes and Effects of HIV/AIDS: A Case Study of Masvingo Urban High Schools, Zimbabwe - Chireshe, Excellent; Chireshe, Regis (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
The present study sought to establish A-level students’ perceptions of the causes and effects of HIV/AIDS. The rational for the study was to establish the extent to which A level students understand issues related to HIV/AIDS. The sample was made up of 100 A-level students - 68 males and 32 females. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The 7.5 SPSS package was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that students had a lot of accurate factual information about HIV/AIDS but at the same time they had some misconceptions. It was recommended that relevant stakeholders facilitate HIV/AIDS awareness and necessary attitude change among students both theoretically and practically. There is still more room for research on this aspect.
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A Preliminary Survey of Marital Adjustment among Zimbabwe Open University Students - Chireshe, Regis; Mapfumo, John (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
This study sought to establish the level of marital adjustment among 198 students (135 male and 63 female) of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) at the Manicaland and the Masvingo regional campuses. These students were on the B.Sc. Counselling, B.Sc. Psychology and B.Sc. Special Education programmes. The adapted Locke’s Marital Adjustment Test (LMAT) was administered to collect data. The results showed that the bulk of the ZOU students were perfectly happy and only a small percentage was outright unhappy in their marriages. The former would remarry the same partner if thy were given a second-chance, while a high percentage of the latter would marry a different partner. The respondents in unhappy marriages predicted divorce, but those in happy marriages did not. Even those unhappy in their present marriages wished to remarry again if given a second chance, although, understandably, they would wish to marry different partners from those thy presently live with. Recommendations on overcoming marital maladjustment were given, and these are given as suggestions for comprehensive research studies in the area.
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The Internal Efficiency of the Education System in Zimbabwe: Retention and Transition of Pupils in Primary and Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe (1984-1999) - Chitekuteku, Sibusiso R. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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In Service Education Needs for Science Laboratory Assistants Operating in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools - Gwara, Kenneth; Mtetwa, David (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
The study sought to identify the kinds of knowledge and skills possessed by or lacking in persons serving as laboratory assistants in Zimbabwean schools in relation to their effective functioning. Data was obtained through focused group discussions and questionnaires within the framework of a national survey. The informants were 124 designated laboratory assistants, 79 heads of science departments from different high schools and regions and 9 science education officers. The main finding was that these assistants require in- service education in basic repair and service of equipment, preparation of chemical solutions, general laboratory management skills, and safety and calibration of equipment.
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The Impact of Gender Education on the Attitudes of Post-independence Women in Zimbabwe - Kaziboni, Tabeth (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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Active Learning Approaches in Zimbabwean Science and Mathematics Classrooms - Kwari, Rudo; Mtetwa, David (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
The aim of this study was to find out whether secondary school mathematics and science teachers are using active learning strategies in their teaching. Ten teachers and nine teachers were observed teaching mathematics and science, respectively. Their knowledge about teaching for active learning and the constraints that impact on them were assessed through subsequent interviews. Although the results showed that the teachers’ knowledge of active learning is consistent with literature, only' incidental aspects of active learning were observed in the lessons. The teachers identified a range of constraints, including those of a curricular, socio-economic, logistical, and professional nature. The potential for increasing the level of active learning in Zimbabwean science and mathematics. classrooms exists. In-service education could make a significant contribution towards the practical realization of this goal.
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Views of Distance Education Students on Factors affecting Completion of Research Projects at the Zimbabwe Open University - Majoni, Cuthbert; Chidakwa, Cleophas (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Self-Reported Sexual Behaviour of Secondary School Students in Southern Malawi: Implications for AIDS Education and Counselling - Maluwa-Banda, Dixie (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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Pupils\' Drawings of What is Inside Themselves: A Case Study in Zimbabwe - Manokore, Viola; Reiß, Michael (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
This preliminary study looks at the understandings, as revealed by their drawings, of some seven-year-olds and 15-year-olds in Zimbabwe of their internal anatomy. A total of 23 seven year-olds and 21 fifteen year-olds participated in the study. These pupils were given a blank piece of A4-sized (296 x 210 mm) drawing paper and asked to draw what they thought was inside themselves. The drawings were analysed on a seven point scale related to biological knowledge of human organs and organ systems. The results show that the older pupils had a greater knowledge of their internal anatomy but that there was no relationship between gender and biological knowledge. Some organ systems - the gaseous exchange system, the digestive system, the circulatory system, the skeletal system, the urinogenital system and the nervous system, were statistically more likely to have organs drawn from them than were others such as the endocrine system and the muscular system. Recommendations are made for biology teaching which would help improve understanding in this area. In particular, when introducing human anatomy to pupils, teachers could begin with individual organs and then help pupils appreciate that these organs exist as functional units within organ systems. This could be done by the use of three-dimensional models or by assembling two-dimensional organ systems from cut organ system diagrams.
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Vocationalisation of the Secondary School Curriculum as an Instrument for Human Resourses Development: Zimbabwean Experiences, Challenges and the Way Forward - Mavhunga, Pharoah Joseph (Zimbabwe journal of educational research, 2005)
A ZJER article on the intended vocationalization of the secondary school curriculum in Zimbabwe.
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The ‘new generation of African entrepreneurs’: networking to change the climate for business and private sector-led development - McDade, Barbara E.; Spring, Anita (Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2005)
This paper discusses the entrepreneurial landscape in Africa and locates a new generation of African entrepreneurs and their business networks within it. Unlike others in that landscape (i.e. micro- or small-scale informal sector vendors, and traditional or multinational large-scale formal sector firms), the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs are business globalists who organized a system of business enterprise networks consisting of national, regional, and pan-African organizations. The study analyses interview data from 57 men and women network members from 10 countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). Some defining characteristics of these entrepreneurs are interactive social and business relationships, use of modern management methods and information technology, trust among fellow members, transparent business practices, advocacy on behalf of the private sector, and commitment to increasing intra-African commerce. Their mission is to improve the climate for private sector business in Africa and to promote regional economic integration. They pursue cross-national commercial ventures, maintain official observer status at established regional economic organizations, sign memoranda of understanding with multilateral agencies, establish venture capital funds, and help to change government policies. The paper identifies characteristics of the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs, evaluates goals and achievements of their networks, and concludes that despite limitations, these entrepreneurs and their organizations have created intra- and cross-national networks that strengthen private-sector-led economic growth in Africa.
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Science Education In-service Teacher Training (SEITT) and Better Schools Program Zimbabwe (BSPZ) Resource Teachers\' Modes of Facilitating In-service Activity - Mtetwa, David Kj; Makamure, Rhodreck; Kwari, Rudo; Chipangura, Addwell Tichafa (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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Preservice Student Teachers\' Attitudes towards Chemistry Teaching: The Case of Egerton University, Kenya - Muchiri, Daniel R.; Wachanga, Samuel W.; Ngari, M (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
A ZJER study on the attitude of pre-service student teachers in Kenya towards the teaching Chemistry.
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An Anlysis of the Barriers Experienced in the Implementation of \'Creating Learning Networks for African Teachers\' Pilot Project in Zimbabwe - Mudavanhu, Young (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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A Critical Analysis of The Nzirimasanga Report of Inquiry into Education in Zimbabwe, 1999: The Case of Special Needs Education - Murinda, Samuel (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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University Business Education in Southern Africa: A Zambian Focus - Ronan, Nessan J. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
There is widespread concern with the quality o f university business education in Southern Africa. Universities are confronted with lowering academic stan dards, staff attrition, and dwindling financial resources. In this paper, , these issues are addressed in the context o f university education in Zambia. The central issues are analysed and recommendations are made for improvements. Introduction Concern about the quality of higher education in Southern Africa, is regularly expressed by both citizens and international donors. Behind the concerns expressed are issues about how a country can compete economically in die global marketplace. Because everyone is aware that today, countries compete on their competencies. Thus, a well-educated population is the best guarantee for future economic development. But is the concern with quality overplayed and exaggerated? This paper attempts to answer this question drawing on the literature and the author’s experience as a lecturer and examiner in the region with special reference to Business Education. It begins by pointing to the changing job scene and the new rules of competition. The paper then goes on to review the funding of education both in Zambia and selected countries in Southern Africa. This is followed by some recommendations on improving higher education in Southern Africa. While this paper focuses on Southern Africa, the Zambian perspective is the one adopted in making comparisons. The Changing Job Scene Over the past decade a number of writers have been sounding warnings on the changing global economic environment. We are witnessing a change in the structure of business and trade whereby the global imperatives have a signifi cant influence. Thus, firms in Africa are now subject to much more competition and less protection for home industries. This has resulted in a significant 62
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Assessing Gender Differences in A-Level Biology Students\' Perceptions of Laboratory Environments in Zimbabwean Schools - Tambo, E.M.Z. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
This study assessed gender differences of Zimbabwean A-level students’ perceptions about their actual and preferred biology laboratory environments in relation to cohesiveness, openness, integration between theory and laboratory work, management of laboratory work and the material environment. The Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) was used to collect data from a total of 68 students (40 male and 28 female) attending metropolitan High Schools. Results obtained indicated that both female and male students prefer less cohesiveness than there is in current laboratory environments. Both sexes would however prefer more openness and a more conducive material environment. The situation is more pronounced for girls. Females prefer more integration and less controlled management of activities than male students.
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Teaching Old Testament Studies in Zimbabwe\'s Theological Institutions in the HIV/AIDS Era - Togarasei, Lovemore (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
There is no doubt that HIV/AIDS is humanity’s greatest enemy in this century. Millions of people have been affected and infected by this disease. In Zimbabwe statistics have it that about 2000 people die of HIV/AIDS related diseases every week. A lot of resources are spent in caring for the infected and the affected. With this scenario, HIV/AIDS no longer has to be seen as a medical problem.- It is now a social problem and so every sector of the society has to think deeply on how it can 'make a difference' in dealing with HIV/AIDS. This article argues that the teaching of Biblical Studies in Zimbabwe's theological institutions should be geared towards addressing the problem. It argues for the centrality of Biblical Studies in both theological institutions and Christian societies.' It shows how the Bible has been used to address human problems and how a Biblical studies course taking cognisancy of the HIV/AIDS problem can be rewarding. It ends by suggesting some topics and instructional methodologies to be used in teaching Biblical Studies in Zimbabwe's theological institutions in the era of HIV/AIDS.
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Relative Effects of Cooperative Class Experiment Teaching Method on Secondary School Students\' Motivation to Learn Chemistry in Nakuru District, Kenya - Wachanga, Samuel W. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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A Comparison in Performance Between Mature Entry Students and Traditional (A-Level) Entry Students at the University of Zimbabwe - Zindi, Fred (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
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Education for All: Towards Inclusive Education POolicy Development in Zimbabwe - Zindi, Fred (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2005)
In this paper, the author discusses his understanding of inclusive education and suggests various ways in which it may be demystified. It is argued that the inclusive education policy in Zimbabwe should take into account the needs of all marginalized, socially disadvantaged and oppressed pupils. Furthermore, the author argues that the Zimbabwe education system should-take heed, of the Salamanca Statement, and enroll all the children in mainstream classrooms, while providing appropriate teacher-training for would-be-teachers.
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Extension management in peasant agriculture: finance, personnel and training in Nigeria - Udoh, AJ (Discovery and innovation, 2005)
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Capacity building or skills loss? Education and employment in the UK and South Africa - Bloch, Alice (2005)
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A Survey of Physical Conditions and Lunch-Intake Situation of Infants and School Children in a Mountain Village of Zambia after the Drought - Endo, Chizuru; Ikata, Kazue; Okazaki, K; Kohzaki, Ryuko; Kohzaki, Ken-ichi (Journal of home economics, 2005)
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Arsenic pollution in aquifers located within limestone areas of Ogun State, Nigeria - Gbadebo, A. M. (2005)
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Climate change impacts and vegetation response on the island of Madagascar - Ingram, James N.; Dawson, Terence P. (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2005)
The island of Madagascar has been labelled the world's number one conservation ‘hot spot’ because of increasing anthropogenic degradation of its natural habitats, which support a high level of species endemism. However, climatic phenomena may also have a significant impact upon the island's flora and fauna. An analysis of 18 years of monthly satellite images from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have demonstrated that there is a dynamic pattern in Madagascar's vegetative cover both annually and seasonally throughout 1982–1999. Over interannual time–scales, we show that this vegetation response, calculated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has a strong negative correlation with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can be attributable to drought events and associated wildfires. Global climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of the ENSO phenomenon, resulting in further decline of Madagascar's natural environment.
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Divine Interventions: Needs Analysis for Post-graduate Academic Literacy and Curriculum Development, in a South African School of Theology - Jackson, Fiona (Language and education, 2005)
This paper provides a critical exploration of work in progress to develop a genre based academic support that promotes post-graduate academic literacies among new EIL and EAL Hons and Masters students in the School of Theology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. It traces the path of an action research project, using an eclectic needs analysis of post-graduate Theological students for their writing, in order to design and implement an effective intervention course. The paper evaluates the successes and failures of the project thus far. The final section of the paper considers the challenges presented by both micro- and macro-level contextual factors within the tertiary education sector to such a project, and the implications arising from these for academic development responsibilities facing both disciplines seeking to expand student access to post-graduate study and academics with writing development expertise.
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Critical Perspectives on the Crises, Planned Change, and the Prospects for Transformation in African Higher Education - Assié-Lumumba, N’Drı Thérèse (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2005)
This article is a summary of a forthcoming book that is a background text for CODESRIA's Multinational Working Group (MWG) on higher education. The crea tion and also the development of contemporary African higher education institu tions, especially the universities, in the colonial and post-colonial context, have been characterised by high expectations,contestations, crises, and struggles by vari ous African stakeholders to assert agency and introduce reforms and innovations in the search for structural transformation. Conceived as institutions for individual social mobility and national development, they could not attain theascribed devel opment role as a result of economic crises and austerity policies imposed by international financial institutions, especially the World Bank through its structural ad justmentprogrammes. The initial and intemally driven reforms aimed at addressing philosophical and practical questions of relevance and Africanisation of the cur riculum transferred through colonial channels. In contrast, in the context of the economic crises and subsequent policies imposed by extemal powers, the new re forms and innovations since the 1990s tend to be technical and driven by the search for solutions as prescribed or expected by the international financialinstitutions. The author argues that given the old and new challenges - HIV/AIDS, 'brain drain',and globalisation with its corollaries such as GATS-related competition - threaten ing relative autonomy, African societies should take stock of, and effectively use, their assets and create a new higher education as a public good. These assets in clude African indigenous knowledge systems, the possibility for promoting fusion, the historie and new Diasporas, and the information andcommunication technolo gies. Any successful policy will require the inclusion ofhitherto marginalised groups, particularly on the basis of gender, in the production and use of knowledge. lt is
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The Changing Face of Redress in South African Higher Education (1990-2005) - Moja, Teboho (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2005)
fhis study focuses on fifteen years of redress policies designed to redress past in qualities in South African higher education, particularly as reflected in funding. At tempts to reverse past injustices included measures to address racial inequities for tndividuals with limited access to higher education at one level, and at another fo used on institutional discrimination through unequal funding of institutions based on the racial groupings they were designated to serve. This led to policies to provide tnstitutional redress. Two periods are examined under two different Ministers ofEdu ation and provide information on different strategies, levels of commitment, and degrees of success. The pre-democracy period to 1994 shaped the debate around redress and acceptance of policies to establish equity in society. Political realities post-1994 reshaped the debate, institutional redress faltered, and the focus on indi vidual redress was prioritised with the establishment of a student financial aid scheme. The new funding formula implemented in 2005 includes some redress elements. It remains to be seen ifthey will be effective.
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New Frontiers of Exclusion: Private Higher Education and Women's Opportunities in Kenya - Oanda, Ibrahim Ogachi (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2005)
fhe semi-privatisation of public universities and the growth ofprivate universities have been two important developments affecting higher education iri Kenya in the last decade. The trend towards the privatisation ofuniversity education has been in tune with global neo-liberal policies that Kenya embraced from 1986. The policies were promoted for their potential to broaden opportunities for previously excluded groups. In higher education, private universities and programmes claim to offer more opportunities for women and a higher transition from college to employment. A close analysis however reveals that these claims are of limited validity. Rather than expanding opportunities for women, private universities in Kenya tend to cre ate new subtle arenas for exclusion. This article analyses the ways in which the logic and practical working of private universities accentuate women's marginalisation in terms of access policies, academic cultures and disciplinary orientations.
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African-American pastors learn to 'tarry for power' - Green, Linda (2005)
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Parental Education and Children’s Schooling Outcomes: Is the Effect Nature, Nurture, or Both? Evidence from Recomposed Families in Rwanda - Walque, Damien de (2005)
Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature, more nurture, or both? The author uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living in households without their biological parents. The data allows him to separate genetic from environmental parental influences. The nonrandom placement of children is controlled by including the educational attainment of the absent biological parents and the type of relationship that links the children to theiradoptivefamilies. The results of the analysis suggest that the nurture component of the intergenerational transmission of human capital is important for both parents, contrary to recent evidence proposed by Behrman and Rosenzweig (2002) and Plug (2004). The author concludes that mothers’ education had no environmental impact on children’s schooling. Interestingly, mothers’ education matters more for girls, while fathers’ education is more important for boys. Finally, an important policy recommendation in the African context emerges from the analysis: the risk for orphans or abandoned children to lose ground in their schooling achievements is minimized if they are placed with relatives.
openalex: W1896059720 mag: 1896059720
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Soil erosion and valley fills in the Yemen highlands and southern Turkey: Integrating settlement, geoarchaeology, and climate change - Wilkinson, T. J. (Geoarchaeology-An International Journal, 2005)
Abstract Geoarchaeological studies of valley‐fill sequences frequently do not employ the full range of human activities to explain the causes of deposition. This paper shows how records of environmental change from ocean cores and relict lakes can be integrated with geoarchaeological sequences from land and the record of long‐term settlement and land use to provide a composite record of human–environmental interactions. On the high plains of Yemen, lakes and paleosols suggest that the ratio of precipitation to evaporation was higher between 12,000 and 7400 cal yr B.P. Atmospheric conditions then became drier from about 6000 cal yr B.P., after which time population increased and there was more evidence for human‐induced erosion. Therefore, during the late Holocene (i.e., approximately the last 4000 years), human settlement increased in the face of a somewhat drier climate. It is evident that settlement in the northern Fertile Crescent also increased in the face of a drier late Holocene climate. It is argued that many of the distinctive valley fills that are evident in both the northern Fertile Crescent and southern Arabia result from the combined effect of both increase of settlement together with some degree of climatic drying. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Arsenic pollution in aquifers located within limestone areas of Ogun State, Nigeria (2005)
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An Evaluative study of ELT Practices in Secondary Schools in Ethiopia 1994 2004 - Anshu, Alemu Hailu (2005)
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Book Review Disability and Special Needs Education in an African context By Robert Chimedza and Susan Peters (Eds)(2001) - Chireshe, Regis (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2005)
College Press Publishers (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 3041, Harare, www.macmillan-africa.com 212 pages ISBN 1-77900-422-2 Journal of Psychology in Africa 2004, 14(1): 153–154
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Brief Report Job satisfaction in salary and promotion for secondary school teachers in Eastern Cape, South Africa - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S. (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2005)
The focus of this study was to examine the extent to which secondary school teachers are satisfied with their salaries and the way they are promoted. The analysis of data was carried out by the use of percentage and a chi-square. The majority of teachers were of the view that either their salaries were satisfactory (48%) or they were too low (52%). On the question of promotion, more teachers were of the view that the promotion process was not fair. Gender differences regarding salaries and promotion showed that there were no significant differences between male and female teachers. Journal of Psychology in Africa 2004, 14(2): 147–150
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Effects of problem-solving technique and anxiety management training on career indecision of school-going adolescents in Nigeria - Salami, Samuel O. (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2005)
This study investigated the effects of problem-solving technique (PST) and Anxiety Management Training (AMT) on the reduction of career indecision among school-going adolescents. One hundred and twenty-two SS2 students (males = 56, females = 66) randomly selected from three coeducational secondary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria participated in the study. A 3 x 2 factorial pretest-posttest experimental control group design was adopted for the study. There were two experimental groups and a control group, ‘Career Factors Inventory' for measuring career indecision was administered before and after the five-week experiment. The data derived from the pre and post treatment assessments were subjected to a 3 x 2 factorial analysis of covariance using pre-test scores as covariates. The differences between the groups were established through the use of Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference Method on the adjusted means. The results indicated that the two treatment methods (PST and AMT) were more effective than no treatment in reducing the students' career indecision. Gender had no significant effect on treatment outcome, while there were no significant interaction effects of gender and treatment on career indecision. Based on these findings the PST and AMT were recommended for reducing career indecision among adolescents in Nigerian schools. Journal of Psychology in Africa 2004, 14(2): 139–145
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School Feeding Programme in Zambia - Corbett, Kate Vorley and Mary (2005)
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0861 Disorders of basal ganglia at the University Teaching Hospital Lusaka, Zambia (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2005)
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1500 Prevalence of headache among school-age children in Alexandria, Egypt (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2005)
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African American Students 2005 SHARP Survey: Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) Results (2005)
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African Family Traditions, Education and (2005)
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B3.3 Intestinal parasitic infections in AIDS patients at the okomfo anokye teaching hospital, Kumasi-Ghana (International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2005)
Triage is the process of sorting patients based on the level of acuity to ensure the most severely injured and ill patients receive timely care before their condition worsens. The South African Triage Scale (SATS) was developed out of a need for an accurate and objective measure of urgency based on physiological parameters and clinical discriminators that is easily implemented in low resource settings. SATS was introduced in the emergency center (EC) of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in January 2010. This study seeks to evaluate the accurate use of the SATS by nurses at KATH.This cross-sectional study was conducted in the EC at KATH in Kumasi, Ghana. Patients 12 years and over with complete triage information were included in this study. Each component of SATS was calculated (i.e. for heart rate of 41–50, a score of 1 was given) and summed. This score was compared to the original triage score. When scores did not equate, the entire triage record was reviewed by an emergency physician and an advanced practice emergency nurse separately to determine if the triage was appropriate. These reviews were compared and consensus reached.52 of 903 adult patients (5.8%) were judged to have been mis-triaged by expert review; 49 under-triaged (sent to a zone that corresponded to a lower acuity level than they should have been, based on their vital signs) and 3 over-triaged. Of the 49 patients who were under-triaged, 34 were under-triaged by one category and 7 by two categories.Under-triage is a concern to patient care and safety, and while the under-triage rate of 5.7% in this sample falls within the 5–10% range considered unavoidable by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, concentrated efforts to regularly train triage nurses to ensure no patients are under-triaged have been undertaken. Overall though, SATS has been implemented successfully in the EC at KATH by triage nurses.Le triage est le processus consistant à classer les patients selon le degré de gravité afin de s’assurer que les patients les plus gravement blessés et malades sont rapidement pris en charge avant que leur état ne s’aggrave. L’échelle de triage sud-africaine (SATS) été développée en raison de la nécessité de disposer d’une mesure précise et objective du degré d’urgence à l’aide de paramètres physiologiques et de discriminants cliniques, mesure aisément mise en œuvre dans des environnements caractérisés par un manque de ressources. Le SATS a été introduit dans le service d’urgences de l’hôpital universitaire Komfo Anokye (KATH) en janvier 2010. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’usage précis du SATS par les infirmières du KATH.Cette étude transversale a été menée au service d’urgences du KATH à Kumasi, au Ghana. Des patients âgés de plus de 12 ans, pour lesquels les informations de triage étaient complètes, ont été intégrés à cette étude. Chaque composante du SATS a été calculée (par ex., pour une fréquence cardiaque comprise entre 41 et 50, une note de 1 a été attribuée) et additionnée. Cette note a été comparée à la note de triage d’origine. Quand les notes n’étaient pas les mêmes, l’intégralité du dossier de triage était étudiée séparément par un urgentiste et une infirmière urgentiste de pratique avancée afin de déterminer si le triage était approprié. Ces révisions ont été comparées en vue de parvenir à un consensus.52 Patients adultes sur 903 (5.8%) ont été considérés comme ayant fait l’objet d’une erreur de triage par l’étude menée par les professionnels; 49 ont été considérés «sous-triés» (envoyés vers une catégorie de prise en charge correspondant à un degré de gravité inférieur à ce qui aurait dû être choisi, d’après les signes vitaux), et trois ont été sur-triés. Sur les 49 patients «sous-triés», 34 ont été «sous-triés» d’une catégorie, et sept de deux catégories.Le «sous-triage» pose problème en termes de prise en charge et de sécurité des patients, et si le taux de «sous-triage» de 5.7% enregistré dans cet échantillon est considéré comme inévitable par le Comité de traumatologie de l’American College of Surgeons, des efforts intensifs ont été réalisés afin de former régulièrement les infirmières chargées du triage pour s’assurer qu’aucun patient n’était «sous-trié». Cependant, d’un point de vue général, les infirmières de triage sont parvenues à mettre le SATS en œuvre avec succès au service d’urgences du KATH.
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Birth Injury: A Retrospective Study Of 146 Cases In Three Teaching Hospitals In Nigeria (The Internet journal of pediatrics and neonatology, 2005)
Background: Because such a study has not been done in Nigeria before, we undertook to study birth injury (BI) retrospectively in three tertiary hospitals. Materials And Methods: We analyzed the records of patients with BI between January 1 1999 and December 31 2003. Result: 146 patients had BI. Male to female ratio was 1:1, the mean age at presentation was 74.3 ± 380 days and the range was 2 hours to 8.7 days. The most common presentation was brachial plexus palsy (43.8%), followed by head/facial injury (31.5%) the most common of which was cephalo-haematoma and fractures (23.3%). Patients with brachial plexus injury tended to present late with 87.5% of them presenting after 1 month. About 32.9% of the patients had unsatisfactory outcomes and the mortality rate was 16.4% mostly from intracranial injuries. Conclusions: BI are uncommon but they have high mortality and morbidity rates.
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Burkina Faso: Community education program scaled-up in Burkina Faso (2005)
The government of Burkina Faso is committed to the improvement of women’s reproductive health. Within this context, the Population Council’s FRONTIERS Program collaborated with two nongovernmental organizations, Tostan in Senegal and Mwangaza Action in Burkina Faso, to replicate the Tostan community-based education program. Originally developed in Senegal, this program provides modules in local languages on hygiene, problem solving, women’s health, and human rights as a means of promoting community empowerment to facilitate social change. The intervention, implemented from 2000 to 2003 in the provinces of Bazega and Zoundwéogo in Burkina Faso, compared the performance of 23 participating villages with 23 control villages. To measure the program’s impact on awareness, attitudes, and behavior regarding reproductive health and female genital cutting, researchers conducted pre- and post-intervention surveys of women and men in the intervention and control areas, and qualitative interviews with key community members. To measure the diffusion of knowledge, researchers surveyed men and women who lived in the intervention area but did not participate in the study. They also assessed pre-and post-intervention changes in the number of girls under 10 who had been cut.
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Issues in African Education (2005)
This book addresses major sociological issues in sub-Saharan African education today. Its fourteen contributors present a thoroughly African world-view within a sociology of education theoretical fram
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Post irradiation hearing loss in head/neck patients in Lagos, Nigeria (West African Journal of Radiology, 2005)
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Senegal: Community education program increases dialogue on FGC (2005)
From 2000 to 2003, FRONTIERS collaborated with the Senegalese nongovernmental organization Tostan to evaluate the effects of a community-based education program on awareness, attitudes, and behavior regarding reproductive health and female genital cutting. The Tostan program provides modules in local languages on hygiene, problem solving, women’s health, and human rights. It was designed to improve women’s health and promote social change by enabling participants, mainly women, to analyze and find solutions to community problems. As stated in this brief, Tostan implemented the education program as part of a scale-up effort in 90 communities in the Kolda district of southern Senegal. The FRONTIERS evaluation took place as part of the project and compared changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of men and women in 20 villages in the intervention area with those living in 20 nonintervention villages. Changes were measured using pre- and post-intervention surveys of women and men in the intervention and control areas and qualitative interviews with key community members. They also assessed pre- and post-intervention changes in the number of girls under 10 who had been cut.
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The Role of the School in Africa in the Twenty-First Century: Coping with Forces of Change - Abagi, Okwach (2005)
This quotation by Ocitti, a renowned African educator, articulates the challenge: to make education responsive to Africa’s development needs and priorities in the twenty-first century, school and its role must be reconceptualized and redefined by Africans—based on Africa’s environment, experiences, and needs. It is from this perspective that this chapter outlines the role of the school in this time of change, in particular in the era of AIDS, globalization, and democratization. Emphasis is placed on the forces of change that need to be dealt with in order to meet individual, societal, and national development needs. Others have contributed to this discussion: thus it is the intention of this chapter to join that discussion and to move it forward (see especially Carnoy, 1999; Castells, 1998; Cloete et al., 1997; Cohen, 1999; Kelly, 2000; Muller, Cloete and Badat, 2001; UNESCO, 2000; World Bank, 1999).
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African Philosophies of Education: Counter-Colonial Criticisms - Abdi, Ali A. (2005)
An important objective of the discipline and, by extension, the possible practice of philosophy is to inquire critically about almost all aspects of our lives relative to the social and physical environments that surround us. Related to this overall understanding of the issue is how the central questions of the philosophy of education would systematically, or as formally as possible, examine questions that can analyze and situate the main reasons people should be educated, how they should be educated, and why should individuals or groups be educated in the first place. As Ozmon and Craver (1998, p. 2) have noted, therefore, “philosophy of education is the application of the fundamental principles of philosophy to the theory and work of education.” In the global configuration of realities and power contours, those who have developed “textualized” and comprehensive bodies of philosophy, that is, Western countries and their “knowledge managers,” have assumed that theirs are the most viable, if not the only meaningful, philosophies and, especially those of education. It is in that problematic plateau of understanding that Cahn (1997, p. 3), tells us that “all work in philosophy of education should be measured against the standard of excellence [Plato] established.”
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At the Mercy of Informal Learning: Education and Development in Stateless Somalia - Abdi, Ali A. (2005)
With the collapse of the state in the beginning of 1991, Somalia has been a country without any coherent and nationally viable economic, social, or educational structures. Since then, the country has disintegrated into mini fiefdoms that are controlled by different factions with their own militia which are loyal to the warlords who, via their clan affiliations, control a cluster of politically non-cohesive regions. These factions have not been able or willing to formulate any reconstruction and re-development programs, including education, that could have “resuscitated” the country’s socioeconomic infrastructure, completely destroyed as it was by the factional fighting in late 1990 and early 1991. It was upon reflecting on this sad situation that the Somali novelist and literary critic Afrax (2002) described the case as a highly disturbing scenario where both the individual and communal minds of the nation are in a coma, and where the collective conscience of the people is no longer viable.
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Issues in African education : sociological perspectives - Abdi, Ali A.; Cleghorn, Ailie (2005)
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Urban Air pollution Evaluation by Computer Simulation: A case study of petroleum refining company Nigeria - Abdulkareem, A. S. (2005)
Industrialization is highly desirable for the sustenance of a nation’s economy and the enhancement of the citizenry’s well being. However the negative impact precipitated by introduction of its unwanted by – products into ecological system may be catastrophic if allowed to build up and uncontrolled. Urban Air pollution due to activities of process industries is one of the main problems faced by the industrial area of the world. Experimental analysis was carried out on gas flare to determine the extent of air pollution by the petroleum refinery industry on the concentrations of NO, CO, SO2 and total hydrocarbon. Attempt at the modeling pollutant concentration from the flare point using visual basic is hereby presented. The model equation was used to simulate the concentration of pollutants at distance of 20, 40, 60, and 80, 100, to 1000 away from the flare point. The result of the simulation of model developed from the modified principle of gaseous dispersion by Gaussian showed a good agreement with the experimental results with average correction coefficient of 0.99. Results obtained reveled that the concentration of pollutants are unacceptable compare to the Federal Environmental protection Agency set limit. The dispersion pattern of pollutants showed that the extent of spreading is dependent on nearness to the source of flare, wind speed, temperature etc.
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Geological map (scale 1:200,000) of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift and its implications for the volcano-tectonic evolution of the rift - Abebe, Tsegaye (2005)
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The contribution of livestock production to drought vulnerability reduction in Mwingi district, kenya - Abela, Leonie S (2005)
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The bacteriology of pre-labour rupture of membranes in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Aboyeji, AP; Abdul, IF; Ijaiya, MA; Nwabuisi, C; Ologe, Mary O. (Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2005)
A prospective case control study that was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, between 1st January and 31st December 2002. The purpose of this study was to determine the association and the pattern of bacteria/microorganisms in the aetiology of pre-labour premature rupture of membrane (PROM) in this centre. A total of 108 cases of PROM and 98 control cases that presented between 37 completed weeks' and 40 weeks' gestation were analysed. Pathogens were isolated in 48 patients, giving a recovery rate of 44.4%. The common pathogens include Gardnerella vaginalis (29.1%), Candida (23.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.7%). Others were Streps. Pyogenes (16.6%), coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) (6.3%) and Klebsiella (6.3%). Only Candida and S. aureus were isolated in the controls. Ofloxacin and azithromycin were 100% active against all the isolated pathogens, while ampicillin was the least active. G. vaginalis was the most sensitive among the isolates while CONS and Klebsiella were the least sensitive. It is evident in this study that some pathogens were associated with PROM and that G. vaginalis was the most common organism and azithromycin was the only antibiotic with 100% sensitivity. We suggest that metronidazole should be added to azithromycin to cover for anaerobes in cases of PROM, where facilities for screening for anaerobes are not available.
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A review of the curriculum and regulation of driver training schools in Kumasi, Ghana - Adams, CA (2005)
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Reshaping some of the conceptual orientations of lifelong learning in South Africa through an African philosophy of educaiton - Adams, Nicholas (2005)
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Curriculum Development and English Studies in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Adegbite, Wale (2005)
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DETERMINATION OF POLLUTION LEVEL OF WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES OF LANDZU RIVER, BIDA, NIGERIA. - Adekola, F. A.; Saidu, M. M. (2005)
The level of pollution of Landzu river, a major river passing through the ancient town of Bida, Nigeria, has been assessed by monitoring concentrations of some physico-chemical parameters during the rainy and dry seasons in both water and sediment samples. The mean values ofpH, conductivity, hardness and alkalin ity of the water were 7.25,269.3 jJScn{}' 12.7 ppm and 16.2 ppm re.spectively, and they were all within the WHO maximum desirable limits. The organics load of the river was low and this was reflected in the low BOD results. The levels of heavy metals in sediment were significantly higher than in corresponding water samples The high concentration of heavy metals was attributed to the activities of blacksmith and smelting craftsmen in the town. The mean concentrations of cr (15.84 ppm) and NCj- (2.31 ppm) were lower than the WHO recommended level. The mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Co in the water were 0.12,0.61,0.17, 0.37 and 0.18 ppm respectively and were higher than the WHO maximum desirable limits/or drinking water. The levels of trace rnetals were also higher during the rainy season than in the d!y season, and this was attributed to the significant inflow of sUijace run-oIls from differeht parts of the town into tQe river. Other possible sources of pollution of river Landzu are also discussed.
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Growing soybean commercially in Nigeria: a training manual - Adekunle, Adewale; Chovwen, A.; Fatunbi, A.O. (2005)
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Future prospect towards a customer-driven approach in Egyptian higher education institutions - Adel, Riham (2005)
Expectations of quality in its widest sense are very high in the developing world, as well as the developed world. Therefore, th Higher Education Ministry in Egypt, is in favour of reforming the education system to increase competition and equip graduates with the tools needed to face the increasing demands of the employment market and has indicated its concern to assure the community that the quality of higher education is of an appropriate standard and that it will be maintained and enhanced. Juran defines Quality as fitness for use. His concept incorporates the point of view of the customer. Education is no exception in this respect. Therefore, Customer satisfaction is possibility one of the crucial challenges facing both private and public Egyptian educational organisations; this will require an intensive focus on customers, and successful identification of internal and external customers. One of the implications of this paper is those educational institutions that understand consumer-oriented principles may have a better chance of satisfying the wants and needs of their students more effectively.
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TEACHER MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVES IN NIGERIA - Adelabu, Modupe Adeola (2005)
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Sustainability Of The Environment And Water Pollution In Nigeria: Problems, Management And Policy Options - Adenuga, Ade; Ogujiuba, Kanayo O.; Ohuche, Friday (Others, 2005)
Severe environmental degradation appears to be threatening the long-term development prospects of countries all over the world, particularly the developing ones such as Nigeria. The paper reviews relevant literature and examines the process of environmental degradation via water pollution in Nigeria. While it notes that a careful management of water as a resource is essential for meeting a major demand created by accelerated urbanisation, industrialization and agricultural development, it highlights loss of revenue and declining health-care as some of the economic implications. The paper explores the possibility of applying economic instruments to mitigate environmental degradation, with particular reference to water pollution in Nigeria with a view to incorporating environmental costs in the decision-making process of producers and consumers. The paper posits that water pollution control need to be supported by coordinated policy, adequate legal and institutional framework which are essential tools for sustainable development.
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Sexuality Education in Nigeria: Evolution, Challenges and Prospects - Adepoju, Adunola (2005)
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Reminiscences of 45 years at the University of Ibadan: a bleak future for university education in Nigeria, if … - Adesogan, E. K. (2005)
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Trends in the Federal Government Financing Education in Nigeria - Adewale, T. M.; Ajayi, Kayode; Enikanoselu, O. A. (2005)
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Effects of Repetitive Audio-Visual Display on Volleyball Skill Acquisition among Non-Athletes Undergraduate Students of a South-Western Nigerian University - Adeyanju, Lade Joel (2005)
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Changes in sexual practices and responses among ante-natal clinic attendees in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Adeyemi, Adebanjo Babalola; Fatusi, AO; Makinde, O.O.; Omojuwa, I.; Asa, Sola; Onwudiegwu, U. (Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2005)
SummaryA cross-sectional study was carried out among 134 antenatal clinic attendees in a Nigerian tertiary hospital to assess pregnancy-related sexual beliefs and changes in sexual frequency and response. Information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, and analysed by SPSS. Only 15% of women believed that religious, social or cultural reasons prevented sexual intercourse in pregnancy. Frequency of sexual intercourse decreased in pregnancy in 37.4% of the respondents, remained unaltered in 46.1% and increased in 16.5%. Age, marriage duration and gestational age were not associated with change in the pattern of coital frequency in pregnancy, but education was significantly associated. Sexual responsiveness diminished in approximately half of our respondents in terms of arousal (54.5%), orgasm (48.5%), pleasure (43.7%) and satisfaction (51.4%). The changes were not associated with pregnancy duration. We concluded that sex in pregnancy is well accepted in our environment, and health workers should promote sexual health and well-being in pregnancy.
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The Implementation of environmental pollution control law in Kenya - Adogo, Jane Moraa (2005)
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What impressions do medical students of the University of Benin have about anaesthesia and anaesthesiologists? - Adudu, O P (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2005)
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Using Information and Communication Technology in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. - Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, Samuel Ereyi; Iyamu, Ede O. S. (Educational Technology & Society, 2005)
Though it has been rightly said that what is wrong with education cannot be fixed with technology; there is no doubt that modern life is dominated by technology. There is universal recognition of the need to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education as we enter the era of globalization where the free flow of information via satellite and the internet hold sway in global information dissemination of knowledge. Already, Nigeria is on he wrong side of the international digital divide, as it has not made significant effort to integrate ICT into secondary school curriculum. A great deal of instructional and administrative work in secondary school in Nigeria is still carried out manually. This paper, therefore, examines the major obstacles militating against the use of ICT in secondary education in Nigeria. It identifies he high cost of computer hardware and software; weak infrastructure; lack of human skills and knowledge in ICT, and lack of relevant software appropriate and culturally suitable to Nigeria as the major stumbling block o the adoption of ICT in secondary education in Nigeria. Also, secondary schools in Nigeria are not given adequate funds to provide furniture, relevant textbooks and adequate classroom let alone being given adequate fund for high-tech equipment. At present the cost of subscribing to the Internet is too high for many of the impoverished secondary schools in Nigeria. In modern society, Nigeria needs ICT to aid teaching and learning and educational management. ICT is an instrument for the economic and technological development in the 21 st century; therefore, Nigeria cannot afford to be on the wrong side of the digital divide.
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Application of pedagogy-based information and communication technonogy (ICT) in nutrition training at the University of Ghana - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2005)
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Enhancing the Quality of School Feeding Programmes in Ghana - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2005)
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Engineering Education for Industrial Development: Case Studies of Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe - Afonja, A.A.; Sraku-Lartey, K.; Oni, S. A. (2005)
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Myths and Realities of Higher Education as a Vehicle for Nation Building in Developing Countries: The Culture of the University and the New African Diaspora - Agbo, Seth A. (2005)
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The challenges of universal primary education in Uganda through distance education programmes - Aguti, Jessica Norah; Fraser, William (Africa Education Review, 2005)
Abstract This article reports on teacher education in Uganda, with specific reference to the role that distance education has played in upgrading the quality of education in general and in supplying more qualified teachers to meet a growing demand, specifically for teachers involved in primary education. The investigation paves the way for the establishment of the Open University of Uganda and illustrates how the Primary Education Policy of Uganda has increased access to 7 million primary school learners to schools in 2002. The article also explains how the qualifications of 10 000 in-service teachers have been upgraded between 1995 and 2000. The successes of two major in-service teacher education programmes are discussed. The article also explains how the Mubende Integrated Teacher Education Project (MITEP) not only contributed to the training of teachers, but also focused the attention of educators on the possibiliities of distance education for Uganda. Furthermore, it also argues that the Northern Integrated Teacher Education Project (NITEP) has on the other hand achieved successes in the field of inservice teacher education. The programmes assisted in the training of academic support staff who work in distance education. The article concludes by addressing the further needs of distance education in Uganda and highlights the challenges facing distance education programmes in Uganda. Keywords: academic supportachievementschallengesconcernsdistance educationefficiencyopen learningsuccess ratesteacher education
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Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Myopia amongst in-school adolescents in Abia State of Nigeria - Ahuama, OC (Journal of Health and Visual Sciences, 2005)
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Nigerian learners' perceptions of nursing as a future career - Ajayi, A.; Garba; Ojo (Africa journal of nursing and midwifery, 2005)
The knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of mothers in respect of vitamin A-rich foods and oral vitamin A supplement were surveyed: One hundred mothers, with children aged 1-48 months, who attended the Moore Road Primary Health Centre, Calabar, Nigeria, for a period of one week, from 9 to 15 October 1997, were studied.
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Pollution Studies of Some Water Bodies in Lagos, Nigeria - Ajibola, V.O.; Funtua, I. I.; Unuaworho, A.E. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2005)
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Pollution Studies of Some Water Bodies in Lagos, Nigeria - Ajibola, V.O.; Unuaworho, A.E.; Funtua, I. I. (caspian journal of environmental sciences, 2005)
Over the years, there has been an obvious pollution problem in Lagos area, Nigeria with high population of over eleven million and the near absence of waste management infrastructures. Concentrations of some pollution parameters and trace elements (temperature, pH, salinity, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-, F-, DO, BOD, COD and coliform, Cr, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd and Pb) were determined from water bodies of Isolo Canal, Lagos lagoon and the Seaport in Lagos area, during the rainy season (July, August, September and October) of 2002. Temperature was fairly constant with a range of 26 ? 31oC while salinity, SO42-, NO3-, BOD, COD decreased in the three water bodies as the rains increased. DO and coliform counts increased, while F- was almost constant during the same period. Phosphate was below detection limit in all the water bodies. The concentrations of dissolved metals varied between the water bodies. The concentration of Pb was found to be highest in the Sea and Cd was not detected in all the water bodies. The concentrations of the Cr, Co, Ni and Ag varied differently with salinity in all the water bodies. Pb concentrations did not show any significant variation with salinity in all the water bodies. REFERENCES APHA (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (18th ed.). Published jointly by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and, Water Pollution Control and Environment Federation, U. S. A. Bhattacharya, B., Sarkar, S. K. and Maji, P. K (1994) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in flora and fauna of Hooglily Estuary, East Coast of India. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 42, 123-130. Boughriet, A., Ouddane, B., Fischer, J. C., Wastel, M. and Leman, G. (1992) Variability of dissolved Mn and Zn in the Seine Estuary and chemical speciation of these metals in suspended matter. Water Res., 26, 1359-1378. Chapman, D. (1992) Water quality assessment. A guide to the use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. Published on behalf of UNESCO, WHO and UNEP. Chapman Hall, London. Davis, A. G. (1983) The effects of heavy metals upon natural marine phytoplankton population. Prog. Phycol. Res., 2,113-145. Goulden, P. D. (1978) Environmental pollution analysis. Heyden and Sons Ltd. Norfolk. Konar, S.K. and Mullick, S. (1993) Pollutional hazards of coastal waters by petrol, detergents and heavy metals. Environ. Ecol. 11, 688-690. Kraepiel, A. M. L., Chiffoleau, J.F., Martin, J.M., Morel, F.M.M. (1997) Geochemistry of trace metals in the Gironde Estuary. Geochim. Cosmochin Acta., 61, 1421-1436. Lee, S.H. and Lee, K.W. (1983) Heavy metals in sediments from Juhae Bay, Korea. Haeyang Haklwechi, 18, 49-54. Morris, A.W. (1990). Kinetic and equilibrium approaches to estuarine chemistry. Sci. Tot. Environ, 97, 253-266. Vanzquez, G. F., Diaz, R. A., Salvador, L. G. and Virender, K.S. (1998) Dissolve metals in Alvarado Lagoon, Mexico. Environ. Inter. 24, 721-727.
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Using Multicultural Literature to Created Guided Reading Connections for African American Learners - Akanbi, Linda B. (2005)
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Energy education in Ethiopia: the status quo and future prospects - Aklilu, D (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 2005)
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Private Further Education and Training in South Africa: The Changing Landscape - Akoojee, Salim (2005)
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Vocational education and training in southern Africa: a comparative study - Akoojee, Salim; Gewer, Anthony; McGrath, Simon (2005)
The aim of this publication is to develop and share knowledge regarding the challenges faced by vocational education and training (VET) systems within the southern African region and the responses to these challenges. It examines the complexities through a unique comparative study of seven countries in southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. The chapters are: The multiple context of vocational education and training in southern Africa / Simon McGrath; Botswana: united in purpose, diverse in practice / Salim Akoojee; Lesotho: the uphill journey to development / Thomas Magau; Mauritius: 'the Singapore of Africa'?: skills for a global island / Anthony Gewer; Mozambique: towards rehabilitation and transformation / Nimrod Mbele; Namibia: repositioning vocational education and training / Mahlubi Mabizela; South Africa: skills development as a tool for social and economic development / Salim Akoojee, Anthony Gewer and Simon McGrath; The Kingdom of Swaziland: escaping the colonial legacy / Jennifer Roberts; Key issues and challenges for transformation / Simon McGrath.
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Post-Basic Education and Training and Poverty Reduction in South Africa: Progress to 2004 and Vision to 2014. Post-Basic Education and TrainingWorking Paper Series - Nº2 - Akoojee, Salim; McGrath, Simon (2005)
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The South African development state, poverty and post-basic education and training - Akoojee, Salim; McGrath, Simon (2005)
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Special needs education at the district level in Uganda; : what factors influence its implementation and how? - Akope, John Francis (2005)
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Education as Correlate of Fertility Rate Among Families in Southern Nigeria - Akpotu, Nelson Ejiro (2005)
The study examined the relationship between the level of educational attainment of families and their family size. The study identified educational attainments, urban and rural dwellings as correla...
openalex: W1870558759 mag: 1870558759
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Distance Education in Nigerian Universities - Akpotu, Nelson Ejiro; Nwadiani, Mon (African Symposium: An On-Line African Educational Research Journal, 2005)
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Learning the Musical Arts in Contemporary Africa, Informed by Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Meki Nzewi : book review - Akrofi, Eric (2005)
In view of the paucity of published material for the teaching and learning of the musical arts (Music, Dance and Drama) in African schools, the two volumes of this book should be welcome news for 'the majority of educators in South Africa, who are not trained in the musical arts, yet have to teach the Arts and Culture learning area in the General Education and Training band of the National Curriculum (Grades R-9)' (Smit 2006). Nzewi should be admired for his effort in making this addition to the literature on African music education. Nzewi states that 'The aim of the entire series is to provide instructional materials for musical arts education that derives primarily from African practice-based educational perspectives, theoretical principles and human experiences' (Vol.1, viii). He is emphatic that 'This series derives from the original indigenous philosophies, theories, and learning methods of Africa' (Ibid). This raises the first major problem I have with the series. I am not really convinced that the content and methodology of both volumes of this book truly reflect original indigenous philosophies, theories, and learning methods of Africa. This will be discussed later. Nzewi uses a unit-based system in this series as a framework for providing knowledge and guidelines about African musical arts. He also mentions and discusses five concepts, each presented as a unit, on which all teaching and learning of African musical arts, informed by African indigenous knowledge systems, must be based. These concepts are listed as follows: Rhythm; Pitch, tone and melody; Sources of musical sound; Societal need, utilization and presentation; and Ensemble.
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Climate change: potential impacts on forests and energy in Kenya - Akumu, G. (Wajibu, 2005)
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Issues in music education in Kenya: A handbook for teachers of music - Akuno, Emily Achieng’ (2005)
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Mapping Ways Forward: Planning for 9-year Basic Education in Rwanda - Akyeampong, Albert; Lewin, Keith (2005)
openalex: W1551126763 mag: 1551126763
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Whole school development in Ghana - Akyeampong, Kwame (2005)
openalex: W2549093070 mag: 2549093070
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An evaluation of the Hirgigo Fishing Training Centre : the role of training in socio-cultural development of traditional fisheries in Eritrea. - Alamin, Hassan Hassaballah (2005)
openalex: W2144930415 mag: 2144930415
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School Health For the Ethiopian Health Center Team - Alano, Abraham; Ambachew, Henock; Hailu, Dejene; Tilaye, Takele (2005)
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School Health Diploma Program For the Ethiopian Health Center Team - Alano, Abraham; Ambachew, Henock; Hailu, Dejene; Tilaye, Takele; Tafere, Wossen (2005)
openalex: W2188123128 mag: 2188123128
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The colonial image reversed : advocates of multilingual education in Africa - Albaugh, Ericka A. (2005)
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Indigenous Science Practices Among Some Nigerian Women: Implications for Science Education - Alebiosu, Kehinde (African Symposium: An On-Line African Educational Research Journal, 2005)
openalex: W1546960973 mag: 1546960973
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Utilising selected informal science experiences to teach science in inquiry-centred Nigerian classrooms - Alebiosu, Kehinde (Africa Education Review, 2005)
Abstract The formal and informal sciences can be integrated for the enhancement of training, research and teaching in the formal school system. The knowledge and methods of informal science, although regarded as crude, local or native, when embedded with formal science, can be subsequently developed and packaged as teaching innovation for the promotion of scientific knowledge, skill and training. This is the focus of this study where selected informal science experiences were used to teach some science concepts in inquiry-centred Nigerian classrooms. In inquiry-based lessons, teachers only act as facilitators and resources, creating the environment for investigations to take place. In the experiment, students' explorations were centred on informal science activities which were guided to be incorporated into the knowledge structure of formal science classroom experiences. Subjects were Senior Secondary School 11 male and female students taught the topic alkanols; types and preparation including concepts such as fermentation and the brewing process. Informal science activities involving the processing of cassava, grains and other local products were explored by subjects in the experimental group and there was a control group whose subjects were not exposed to informal science activities. Differences in the cognitive and affective learning outcomes of students from the two groups upon data analyses were found to be significant with sex playing a major role. Implications of the findings were highlighted and recommendations were made.
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The impact of the hegemony of English on access to and quality of education with special reference to South Africa - Alexander, Neville (2005)
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Education in Sierra Leone with Particular Reference to Open and Distance Learning and Information and Communication Technologies - Alghali, Aliyageen M.; Turay, Edward D.A.; Thompson, Ekundayo J. D.; Kandeh, Joseph (2005)
openalex: W2283596998 mag: 2283596998
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Environmental Scan on Education in Sierra Leone with Particular Reference to Open and Distance Learning and Information and Communication Technologies. - Alghali, Aliyageen M.; Turay, Edward D.A.; Thompson, Ekundayo J. D.; Kandeh, Joseph (2005)
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An lnvestigation into learning styles and teaching pratices in egyptian schools - Ali, Fekry Ibrahim (Dirāsāt Tarbawiyyaẗ wa Nafsiyyaẗ - Maǧallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Bil Zaqāzīq (Print), 2005)
Until recently, teacher-centered pedagogy has pervaded English language teaching as infonnation is conveyed and received in what Holliday (1994) typifies as teacher-fronted classes. EFL teachers in such heterogeneous classes are in real predicament as they often adopt rather than adapt certain teaching strategies which may be incongruent to their learners' expectations and learning preferences . It is noteworthy that in these large classes- as is the case in Egyptian schools - of mixed abilities learners, learning preferences are rarely if ever catered for as teacher-centered pedagogy prevails. Within such a pedagogy , the leamer!s role is relegated to a secondary position
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Donor management in a teaching hospital blood bank in west Africa. - Allain, Jean Pierre; Owusu‐Ofori, Shirley; Bedu-Addo, George (PubMed, 2005)
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Three Tennessee nursing students make a difference in South Africa. - Alleman, Regina; Farar, Phaedra; Gunter, Dalwn (Kentucky nurse, 2005)
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Student Unrest in Nigerian Universities: Looking Back and Forward - Aluede, Oyaziwo; Jimoh, Basil; Agwinede, Beatrice O.; Omoregie, Eunice O. (Journal of Social Sciences (Print), 2005)
The authors examined the policies and factors that have in the past and at the present precipitated student unrest in Nigerian university campuses. Predictions about the policies that are likely to produce student protest in Nigerian university campuses in the near future are advanced.
openalex: W2317946968 mag: 2317946968
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Higher education in pre-revolution Ethiopia: relevance and academic freedom - Amare, A (2005)
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Counselling needs of children in some selected rehabilitation schools in Kenya: a study in personal orientation - Ambira, Susan (2005)
A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Counselling Psychology) Kenyatta University. 2005, LC 1048 .P47.A41
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The seismic activity in Syria and Palestine during the middle of the 8th century; an amalgamation of historical earthquakes - Ambraseys, N. N. (Journal of Seismology, 2005)
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Utilisation of surgical literature by trainers and trainees in Nigeria: and implications for training and research - Ameh, Emmanuel A.; Shehu, BB; Yakubu, AA (Medical education (Oxford. Print), 2005)
Medical EducationVolume 39, Issue 1 p. 116-116 Utilisation of surgical literature by trainers and trainees in Nigeria: and implications for training and research Emmanuel A Ameh, Emmanuel A AmehSearch for more papers by this authorBello B Shehu, Bello B ShehuSearch for more papers by this authorAhmed A Yakubu, Ahmed A YakubuSearch for more papers by this author Emmanuel A Ameh, Emmanuel A AmehSearch for more papers by this authorBello B Shehu, Bello B ShehuSearch for more papers by this authorAhmed A Yakubu, Ahmed A YakubuSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 December 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02051.xCitations: 1 Dr Emmanuel A. Ameh, PO Box 76, Zaria, 810001, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Nmadu PT. Trends in staffing an academic department of surgery in tropical hospital: past, present, any future? BMJ 1996; 312: 1345–7. 2 Maker VK, Curtis KD, Donnely MB. Are you a surgical role model? Curr Surg 2004; 61: 111–5.DOI: 10.1016/j.cursur.2003.09.003 3 Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI). http://www.healthinternetwork.net. Citing Literature Volume39, Issue1January 2005Pages 116-116 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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English as a second language in Ghana and English language teaching: Problems and prospects - Amua-Sekyi, Ekua Tekyiwa (2005)
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The Need for Community Oriented School Library Services for the Effective Implementation of the Universal Basic Education Programme in Nigeria - Amucheazi, ON (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2005)
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Assessment of gender roles and responsibility in activities of farmer field schools in Eastern Uganda - Amujal, M.; Asekenye, Cresensia; Alokit, C.; Opolot, H. N.; Semana, A.R.; Erbaugh, M.; Adipala, E. (African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 2005)
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Evaluation of adoption of cowpea technologies among farmer field school farmers in eastern Uganda - Amujal, M.; Semana, A.R.; Erbaugh, M.; Adipala, E. (African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 2005)
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Influence of Farmer Field Schools on knowledge of IPM in Eastern Uganda - Amujal, M.; Semana, A.R.; Erbaugh, M.; Adipala, E. (African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, 2005)
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Professional identity and misconduct: Perspectives of Tanzanian Teachers - Anangisye, William A. L.; Barrett, Angeline M (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2005)
Teacher misconduct and unprofessionalism, together with corruption amongst educational administrators, threaten to undermine current initiatives to improve educational quality in many low-income countries, including most of sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper it is argued that strategies to raise ethical standards need to be based on an understanding of the positive professional models to which educators aspire. Research conducted in Tanzania elicited the views of teachers and other educationalists on misconduct and primary school teachers' constructs of their professional identity. Similarities exist between Tanzanian teachers' understandings of their professionalism and those found amongst teachers in other parts of Africa. Prevalent forms of misconduct were found to transgress four orienting themes of the Tanzanian teacher identity landscape. On the basis of these findings, we suggest ways forward for tackling teacher misconduct and recommend the research approach taken for application in other contexts.
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Girls' education and the "pedagogy of difference" : a study of teacher attitudes and gender equitable pedagogy in Benin - Anderson, Sonya (2005)
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Beliefs and practices of Black South African traditional healers regarding hearing impairment - Andrade, Víctor; Ross, Eleanor (International Journal of Audiology, 2005)
The study investigated beliefs and practices of Black South African traditional healers regarding hearing impairment. Fifteen Black South African traditional healers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. An exploratory-descriptive research design incorporating a mixed qualitative/quantitative method was employed and data were collected via individual interviews. Traditional healers reported being consulted for what could possibly reflect a variety of audiological and otological problems, and using a wide range of diagnostic and treatment techniques. Although the healers mentioned infection, organic deterioration, noise exposure, and congenital aspects as cause of hearing impairment; they tended to anthropomorphise the cause of the disease, and the reason for becoming ill was often sought in a supernatural realm. These findings have implications for culturally sensitive practice, collaboration between traditional healers and audiologists, sharing of information regarding hearing impairment, mutual referrals, and involvement of traditional healers in hearing health care.
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Atrial fibrillation cases seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu - Anisiuba, BC; Ejim, EC; Onwubere, Bjc; Ikeh, V. O.; Ike, SO (International Journal of Medicine and Health Development, 2005)
Aim : To determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) on electrocardiograms (ECG) of patients attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu. Subjects and Methods : Electrocardiograms done at the UNTH between April and September 2004 were analysed. The patients were mainly in-patients. Further information on the patients were obtained from their medical records. Results : 860 ECGs were studied. 30 of them (3.5%) had atrial fibrillation (AF). Seventeen (56.7%) were males and thirteen (43.3%) females. 66.7% of the cases were aged 50 years and above. In 33.3% of the cases, hypertension was the underlying disease, followed by valvular heart disease (23.3%). Conclusion : The incidence of AF in UNTH was 3.5%. There were more males than females with AF. Most of the cases were in the older age group. Hypertension was the commonest underlying disease. Keywords : atrial fibrillation, UNTH Journal of College of Medicine Vol. 10(2) 2005: 102-106
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Implementing Quality Education in Low Income Countries: Literature Review - Ghana. - Ankomah, Yaw A.; Koomson, J.; Bosu, Rosemary Seiwah; Oduro, G. (2005)
openalex: W246392097 mag: 246392097
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The Cost Of Private University Education and Its Implications On Access By Different Socio-Economic Groups In Kenya - Anyona, J.K.; Gravenir, F.Q.; Mse, Godfrey Shedd (2005)
openalex: W2261151571 mag: 2261151571
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Catholic communities, parents, and schools in service of educational development in Southwestern Nigeria: A theoretical model - Arogundade, Jude Ayodeji (2005)
openalex: W1564034153 mag: 1564034153
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Building Namibia for competitiveness through Open and Distance Learning: A critical review. - Asemota, O. O. (2005)
NOLNet Open and Distance Learning Conference (1st : 2005 Aug. 30 - Sep. 1 : Windhoek, Namibia)
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Evaluating the Role of Brown vs. Board of Education in School Equalization, Desegregation, and the Income of African Americans - Ashenfelter, Orley; Collins, William J.; Yoon, Albert (Social Science Research Network, 2005)
In this paper we study the long-term labor market implications of school resource equalization before Brown and school desegregation after Brown. For cohorts born in the South in the 1920s and 1930s, we find that racial disparities in measurable school characteristics had a substantial influence on black males' earnings and educational attainment measured in 1970, albeit one that was smaller in the later cohorts. When we examine the income of male workers in 1990, we find that southern-born blacks who finished their schooling just before effective desegregation occurred in the South fared poorly compared to southern-born blacks who followed behind them in school by just a few years.
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Does Orphan Status Affect Primary School Attendance? An Analysis of Household Survey Data from Uganda - Asiamah, Selloane; Kraybill, David S.; Thompson, Stanley R. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2005)
The continent of Africa is currently experiencing two major interrelated social challenges, namely poverty and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. According to UNICEF, there are millions of AIDS-orphans in Africa, with over 80% of them being raised by extended families. However, relatively few studies have been undertaken to determine how these orphans fare in terms of access to education, healthcare and other social services. Literature shows that orphans face unique problems when it comes to school attendance, including possible intra-household discrimination. This paper examines the impact of various household characteristics on school enrollment in Uganda. Our results are based on the analysis of data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) that was conducted in 2002/2003. A multivariate probit model was used to estimate the probability that a child attends school, given a set of selected explanatory variables. Our findings show that factors affecting the probability of a child attending school differ depending on the age of the child and whether the household is located in a rural or urban area.
openalex: W2155719945 mag: 2155719945
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Does Orphan Status Affect Primary School Attendance? An Analysis of Household Survey Data from Uganda - Asiamah, Selloane; Kraybill, David S.; Thompson, Stanley R. (2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI, 2005)
The continent of Africa is currently experiencing two major interrelated social challenges, namely poverty and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. According to UNICEF, there are millions of AIDS-orphans in Africa, with over 80% of them being raised by extended families. However, relatively few studies have been undertaken to determine how these orphans fare in terms of access to education, healthcare and other social services. Literature shows that orphans face unique problems when it comes to school attendance, including possible intra-household discrimination. This paper examines the impact of various household characteristics on school enrollment in Uganda. Our results are based on the analysis of data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) that was conducted in 2002/2003. A multivariate probit model was used to estimate the probability that a child attends school, given a set of selected explanatory variables. Our findings show that factors affecting the probability of a child attending school differ depending on the age of the child and whether the household is located in a rural or urban area.
openalex: W3122154995 mag: 3122154995
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Women's Education, Labor Force Participation and Development in Africa - Asiedu, Elizabeth; Lien, Donald (2005)
openalex: W1498180164 mag: 1498180164
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Transparency International: Nigeria IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY, QUALITY, AND EFFECTIVENESS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION SERVICE DELIVERY IN ENUGU STATE OF NIGERIA - Asobie, H. Assisi (2005)
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Critical perspectives on the crises, planned change, and the prospects for transformation in African higher education - Assié-Lumumba, N’Drı Thérèse (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2005)
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Critical Contextual Reviews and Development of Interpretive Materials with Teachers in Kenya - Atiti, Abel Barasa (Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 2005)
Abstract This paper shares findings from a recent study that engaged a group of Kenyan teachers in a review and development of interpretive materials through a participatory action research framework. It focuses on critical contextual reviews of interpretive materials in non-formal organisations and development of similar materials in schools with teachers. Social interactions between teachers and non-formal educators enabled the sharing of ideas, skills and techniques on materials development processes. This provided a basis for developing interpretive materials to support environmental learning within school grounds. A teacher-centred approach to materials development as argued in this paper seeks to respect the needs of schools within their social and historical contexts. It further challenges the conventional top-down approaches in which non-formal educators are creators of materials and teachers are viewed as “technicians” who implement the materials in schools. The paper offers some tentative guidelines on the development of interpretive materials in schools.
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A study of factors affecting student performance in kenya certificate of secondary education in public and private secondary schools of Limuru Division, Kiambu District, Kenya - Atonga, Tom O (2005)
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Study Highlights Successful Strategies for African-American Girls in School - Aubry, Ann; Hanna, Jeff (2005)
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Basic education in rural Ghana: an analysis of the education-for-all-goal in a subsistence farming community - Aurell, Emelie; Gunnarsson, Mikael (2005)
This thesis is based on our Bachelor thesis in which we found that the costs and the quality of schooling in Ghana are the two major constraints to educating the rural poor. We have done a case study of a subsistence farming community in Ghana. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the suitability of the goal of Education for All in a rural community. To fulfil this purpose we map the direct, indirect and opportunity costs of schooling in the selected community and investigate the quality of schooling. Further, we also consider the rural-urban bias. This study is done through interviews with households, teachers and children as well as officials in Ghana. Further, relevant literature is reviewed. The major finding is that it may not be completely rational to invest in education in the selected community, given the specific socio-economic setting. We find the total costs for a household to be substantial since the average size of households is high and the quality of schooling is rather low. The rural urban bias is obvious in many areas. (Less)
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Exploring Issues Related To The Education Of African American Students: A Brief Intervention For Children Who Use Ebonics In Their Writing - Avery, Taniesha (2005)
openalex: W2274138263 mag: 2274138263
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Focal mechanism of earthquakes from the June 1987 swarm in Aswan, Egypt, calculated by the moment tensor inversion - Awad, Hassan; Kwiatek, Grzegorz (Acta Geophysica Polonica, 2005)
We obtained seismic moment tensor solutions of ten events from the June 1987 earthquake swarm, which occurred along the Kalabsha fault zone in the northern part of the Lake Aswan area in Egypt. In addition, the composite fault plane solution of this sequence was also calculated. The waveform data were obtained from the Aswan seismological network, which consists of 13 field stations with short period seismometers GS-13. The June 1987 swarm was a sequence of microearthquakes (M ≤ 3.4), shallow (0-10 km) events forming two successive bursts, which took place on June 17 and 19. The moment tensor solutions indicate that the focal mechanisms of events from this swarm sequence are expressed by right-lateral strike slip faults. They represent also an effective east-west compressional stress field acting in the area. Geological and geophysical data demonstrate that the Kalabsha fault zone is a right-lateral strike slip fault that consists of several fault segments trending in the east-west direction, perpendicular to the axis of the main course of the Lake Aswan. Thus, the focal mechanisms of the 1987 events are consistent with the local tectonics of the area.
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 10-16 Year Old Learners residing in the Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni Communities of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa - Ay, Somers; Rusford, E.; Hassan, Syed Tajuddin Syed; Nu, Sulzer; Rt, Erasmus (2005)
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Combating the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in West Africa : handbook for the training of armed and security forces - Ayissi, Anatole; Sall, Ibrahima (2005)
openalex: W371960843 mag: 371960843
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Family networks of street children and school children of Eldoret, Kenya. - Ayuku, David (East African journal of public health, 2005)
Objective: To study the family networks the street of the street, shelter and school children in Eldoret town. Design: Cross-sectional and multiple group case-control study design. Setting: Eldoret town and Faculty Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret. Subjects: This study was based on 400 children in Eldoret town. The on the street children were 87 males, 13 female, of the street children were 89 males, 11 females, shelter/institutionalised children were 77 males, 23 females and school children were 72 males, 28 females with a mean age 13.34. Results: Majority the street-based children (of and the street) did not go further than lower primary school and their current living conditions are based on begging and doing odd jobs in the market and streets. 46% the the street children live with one parent while 97% the of the street children have lost contact with their parents. Conclusion: The on the street children had a higher percentage family sector network (53.7) than the of the street children (47.9%) and shelter/instituionalised children (40.1%). Generally, school children still have strong family ties.
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Effects of Students' Cults on Nigeria Education - Babarinde, Kola; Oni, Adesoji (Africa insight, 2005)
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Teacher Turnover and Performance of Private Secondary Schools in Tanzania: a Case of Dar Es Salaam - Babirye, Fatuma (2005)
After decades of restricting private secondary education, the Government of Tanzania embarked on new policies in the mid 1980s to support its expansion. The private sector expanded very fast in response to the high demand at the time and is still expanding today. However the policy implementers did not put much consideration on the human resources that were to run these schools. Consequently the rapid expansion of the private sector led to an increase in teacher turnover especially from the public sector. At the same time there is also competition in the private sector for the same pool of teachers as each school tries to attract the best-qualified teachers so as to survive in the expanding sector. In Tanzania, all secondary school students take standardized tests at the end of Form II and These examinations are critical for a student's further studies and future career opportunities. Parents therefore choose private rather than state education for different reasons but the decisions of many are influenced by the belief that a private school with smaller classes will raise their child's examination performance. Contemporary education theory holds that lack of scholastic materials, school environment, and family background are responsible for a school's performance This research investigates the causes and effects of teacher turnover and how turnover levels affect performance of schools. Data utilized in this investigation are from the best and worst performing schools in the National Form IV examinations using questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the factors causing teacher turnover are job dissatisfaction and teachers pursuing other jobs. The data shows that in particular low salaries, inadequate support from school administration, student discipline problems and lack of participation in school decision making all contribute to high rates of turnover. The results further indicate that turnover has both positive and negative effects on a school's performance. In particular high rate of turnover causes disruption and repetition of programmes, loss of established teacher experience and burnout and drain on energies of remaining teachers. Low turnover rates lead to inflow of new ideas from new recruits, capacity for planning over extended period of time, and strong teamwork amongst staff. This research suggests that teacher related issues should be addressed so as to reduce teacher turnover. This research is valuable since it helps to explain how teacher turnover influences the performance of schools. It is indispensable to policy makers and owners of private schools since it enlightens them about priorities for action which when met would reduce staff turnover and improve the performance of schools.
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Swedish students discover cultural and natural wealth of Tanzania - Backéus, Ingvar (2005)
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South Africa: Distance higher education policies for access, social equity, quality, and social and economic responsiveness in a context of the diversity of provision - Badat, Saleem (Distance Education, 2005)
The principal concern of this paper is the implication of the increasing diversity of higher education provision in South Africa for equity of access and opportunity for historically disadvantaged social groups, high‐quality provision, and social and economic responsiveness in distance higher education. This diversity is signalled by a variety of modes of delivery and learning/teaching methods, and the use of various terms to depict these. The article addresses this concern through an engagement with critical distance higher education policy issues, such as institutional differentiation and roles, the institutional location of distance education provision, the development of expertise and resources, the financing of distance provision and its quality assurance, and the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of distance education providers. In the course of this engagement the article also addresses a number of key themes that recur across the various policy documents produced during the past decade of democracy in South Africa.1
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Further education and training in South Africa - Badroodien, Azeem; Kallaway, Peter (2005)
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State of ICT security management in the institutions of higher learning in developing countries: Tanzania case study - Bakari, Jabiri Kuwe; Tarimo, Charles N.; Yngström, Louise; Magnusson, Christer Sven (2005)
Information and communication technology (ICT) is of strategic importance and essential functional requirements for many institutions of higher learning. In the developing world, ICT is achieving a breakthrough in management and teaching of online learning, which helps to cater for the increased student population. However the security of the information being processed, stored and exchanged is a growing concern to the management as the dependence on ICT for most of the institutions' core services functions is increasing. This paper discusses the current state of ICT security management practices in three institutions of higher learning in Tanzania. The discussion includes the problems and consequences of ICT risks.
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An assessment of the relative popularities of different media in Uganda among Nkumba University Students - Bakkabulindi, F.E.K. (2005)
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Health professions career awareness program for seventh- and eighth-grade African-American students: a pilot study. - Balogun, Joseph A.; Sloan, Patricia E.; Hardney, Karen (Journal of allied health, 2005)
This exploratory, cross-sectional study was designed to gauge the interest and health career choices of African-American students before high school and to determine their level of satisfaction with a health career awareness program. Over a three-year period, 133 seventh-grade students (47%) and eighth-grade students (53%) enrolled in a Southside Chicago Catholic school were recruited; 98% were AfricanAmerican. The students participated in a career awareness program, which consisted of lectures, video presentation, interactive discussion, and college campus visits. Each student completed a questionnaire that sought demographic information, health career choice, career preference, and level of satisfaction with the awareness program implemented. For career choice, 39% of the students selected doctor and dentist, 28% selected occupational therapy, 15% selected social work, 11% selected nursing, and 7% selected health information administration. The majority of the students (51%) were very and 49% were satisfied with the program that was implemented. We found no discernable difference in the health career interest and career choice of the study participants over the three-year period. Our findings reconfirmed a continuing limited level of awareness about allied health professions among African-American students before high school. Follow-up studies should expand the scope and contents of the awareness program to include other health professions, field trips, and mentoring by health care providers or health professional students. J Allied Health 2005; 34:236-243. NATIONWIDE, there is an acute shortage of health care professionals.1 The Bureau of Labor Statistics ranks several health professions among the 10 fastest-growing occupations. The higher educational institutions cannot produce enough health professionals to meet the demand of the nation's workforce. It is projected that the shortage of health professionals will continue to worsen as the demand for their services grows because of (1) technological advances in patient care that result in greater longevity, (2) the aging of the U.S. population and the increased number of elderly clients requiring health care, (3) chronic and emerging illness such as Parkinson's disease and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and (4) the aging of the health care workforce.2 The population of the United States has become significantly more racially and ethnically diverse in the past decade.3 Even though ethnic minorities constitute about 33% of the population, they represent The disparities in access and quality of heath care for African-American people and white people in the United States is well documented.4,5 One of the goals of Healthy People 2010 is the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities and the need to improve the quality and years of healthy life for all Americans.5 A report published by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies revealed consistent evidence of significant disparity in the rates of medical procedures by race, after adjusting for the effects of insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions.4 A study by Bach et al.6 found that physicians treating African-American patients were less likely to be well trained and may have less access to critical clinical resources than physicians treating white patients. The antidote for reducing racial and ethnic disparities in health care includes the need to increase the number of minority health care professionals in the workforce, especially because they are more likely to serve in medically underserved communities. …
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Monitoring pollution in Tunisian coasts: application of a classification scale based on biochemical markers - Bannı, Mohamed; Jebali, Jamel; Daubèze, M.; Clerandau, C.; Guerbèj, Hamadi; Narbonne, J. F.; Boussetta, Hamadi (Biomarkers, 2005)
Over the past decade, molecular, biochemical and cellular markers have been extensively used in pollution monitoring of aquatic environments. Biochemical markers have been selected among early molecular events occurring in the toxicological mechanisms of main contaminants. This paper assesses the marine environment quality along the Tunisian coasts using a statistical approach. Clams (Ruditapes decussatus) were collected during the four seasons of 2003 on seven different sites from the Tunisian coasts. Oxidative stress was evaluated in gills using catalase activity (Cat), neutral lipids and malonedialdehyde accumulation. Glutathione S-transferase activity is related to the conjugation of organic compounds and was evaluated in both, gills and digestive glands. Acetylcholinesterase activity was evaluated as the biomarker of exposure to organophosphorous, carbamate pesticides and heavy metals. For each biomarker, a discriminatory factor was calculated and a response index allocated. For each site, a global response index was calculated as the sum of the response index of each biomarker. Discriminant analysis shows significant differences between sites and seasons compared with control sample. Faroua (site 1) and Menzel Jemile (site 2) seem to be the less polluted with respect to the other sites for all seasons. Gargour (site 6) shows the highest Multimarker Pollution Index during the four seasons, indicating higher contamination level.
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Geoinformatics e-Learning in Egypt - Baraka, Moustafa (2005)
SUMMARY The paper commences with a brief definition of geoinformatics as a basis for learning about surveying sciences, followed by an overview of e-Learning in Egypt. Next, the paper examines the current curricula of surveying sciences currently taught within the academic engineering institutions at both Cairo University and the American University at Cairo, in order to identify and prioritize themes within these curricula where e-Learning could be implemented. Finally, the paper presents some guidelines in approaching e-Learning along with cases and recommendations for e-Learning of geoinformatics.
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Work wellness of academic staff in South African higher education institutions - Barkhuizen, Emmerentia N. (2005)
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Reconciliation, ethnicity and school history in Zimbabwe 1980-2002 - Barnes, Teresa (2005)
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Climate change effects on land degradation and agriculture in the Swartland, South Africa - Barrable, Anne (2005)
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Teacher identity in context : a comparison of Tanzanian with English primary school teachers - Barrett, Angeline M (2005)
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Managing Resistance to Change in Public Primary Schools: The Case of Universal Basic Education Implementation in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria - Bassey, Steve U. (African Symposium: An On-Line African Educational Research Journal, 2005)
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Human Rabies incidences in selected areas of Tanzania: Implications for community awareness and training - Batamuzi, E. K.; Mtambo, M.M.A.; Maeda-Machang'u, A.D.; Bittegeko, S.B.P.; Mpelumbe–Ngeleja, Chanasa; Aris, Edah Binti (2005)
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The effect of training on the reporting of notifiable diseases among health workers in Yobe State, Nigeria - Bawa, S B; Olumide, E A A (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2005)
The generation of data through disease surveillance and notification system is critical to appropriate planning and implementation of disease control programmes, outbreak investigation, emergency preparedness and response. Health workers therefore need to be trained, retrained and updated on the principles and practice of disease surveillance and notification. This quasi-experimental study compared a study and control group "before and after" an intervention (training programme) in the study group. The Experimental and control LGA's were selected using a multistage, stratified random sampling technique. Overall, three LGA's were selected and enrolled in each of the groups. In each of the selected LGA's, all functional health facilities and personnel that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were then included in the study. The total number of participants in the experimental and control groups were 73 and 71 respectively at baseline. The proportion of personnel who were aware of the surveillance system increased from 35.6% to 91.9% (p=0.00) and the mean knowledge score increased from 0.85+/-1.38SD to 6.152.64SD (p=0.00) post intervention in the experimental group. The percentage completeness was 2.3% before and 52.0% after (p-0.00), while the percentage timeliness was 0.0% before and 42.9% after (p=0.00) in the experimental group. These statistically significant differences were however not demonstrated in the control group. Training therefore had a positive effect on health personnel knowledge, reporting requirement and the timeliness and completeness of the disease surveillance and notification system.
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9. The delivery and management of local funds: learning on the job in Zambia and Bangladesh - Beall, Jo (2005)
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A new wave of migrants in our classrooms: teenage refugees from south Sudan and their perceptions of learning English in Australia - Beattie, Jane (2005)
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The 21 May 2003 Zemmouri (Algeria) Earthquake: Damages and Disaster Responses - Bechtoula, Hakim; Ousalem, Hassane (Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2005)
A large number of reinforced concrete buildings collapsed or were heavily damaged during the 6.8 magnitude Zemmouri earthquake that struck northern Algeria on 21 May 2003. A technical survey campaign was launched to assess damages and losses in the most affected areas in Algiers and Boumerdes prefectures. Reinforced concrete frame structures and apartment buildings were the most damaged categories. Buildings with shear walls or steel frames performed well. Analyses of collected data showed that damage was randomly distributed in different localities. Results and observations highlighted the following deficiencies: poor quality of materials, poor quality of construction, insufficient element sizes and dimensions, lack of good detailing and poor design. This paper also reviews the seismic hazard preparedness and disaster response, including emergency relief, administrative, technical and scientific issues, and social issues. Finally, lessons from the catastrophic event and future needs are summarized.
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Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas - Behnken, Brian D.; Shabazz, Amilcar (The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, 2005)
As we approach the fiftieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), it is important to consider the historical struggles that led to this groundbreaking decision. Four years earlier in Texas, the Sweatt v. Painter decision allowed blacks access to the University of Texas's law school for the first time. Amilcar Shabazz shows that the development of black higher education in Texas–which has historically had one of the largest state college and university systems in the South–played a pivotal role in the challenge to Jim Crow education. Shabazz begins with the creation of the Texas University Movement in the 1880s to lobby for equal access to the full range of graduate and professional education through a first-class university for African Americans. He traces the philosophical, legal, and grassroots components of the later campaign to open all Texas colleges and universities to black students, showing the complex range of strategies and the diversity of ideology and methodology on the part of black activists and intellectuals working to promote educational equality. Shabazz credits the efforts of blacks who fought for change by demanding better resources for segregated black colleges in the years before Brown , showing how crucial groundwork for nationwide desegregation was laid in the state of Texas. |Shabazz reveals that the development of black higher education in Texas played a pivotal role in the challenge to Jim Crow education nationwide. He details the creation of the Texas University Movement in the 1880s and credits the efforts of blacks who fought for better resources for segregated black colleges in the years before Brown v. Board of Education.
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A Bayesian Approach to Predict Performance of a Student (BAPPS): A Case with Ethiopian Students. - Bekele, Rahel; Menzel, Wolfgang (Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2005)
The importance of accurate estimation of student’s future performance is essential in order to provide the student with adequate assistance in the learning process. To this end, this research aimed at investigating the use of Bayesian networks for predicting performance of a student, based on values of some identified attributes. We presented empirical experiments on the prediction of performance with a data set of high school students containing 8 attributes. The paper demonstrates an application of the Bayesian approach in the field of education and shows that the Bayesian network classifier has a potential to be used as a tool for prediction of student performance.
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The development and evaluation of a metacognitive programme for young learners in the South African context - Benjamin, Louis (2005)
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Inez Beverly Prosser and the education of African Americans - Benjamin, Ludy T.; Henry, Keisha Denythia; McMahon, Lance R. (Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 2005)
Inez Beverly Prosser (ca. 1895-1934) was arguably the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology. Her dissertation, completed in 1933, examined personality differences in black children attending either voluntarily segregated or integrated schools and concluded that black children were better served in segregated schools. This research was one of several studies in the 1920s and 1930s that was part of the debate on segregated schools as maintained in the United States under the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). This article examines the life and career of Prosser in the context of educational barriers and opportunities for African Americans in the early part of the twentieth century and explores the arguments that pitted African Americans against one another in determining how best to educate black children, arguments that eventually led to the desegregation decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
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Primary school teachers taking the strain in Sierra Leone - Bennell, Paul (2005)
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Is there a teacher motivation crisis in Tanzania - Bennell, Paul; Mukyanuzi, Faustin (2005)
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Killing a Virus With Stones? Research on the Implementation of Policies Against Sexual Harassment in Southern African Higher Education - Bennet, Jane; Beja, Nontle (2005)
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Case study : the Mambo Elimu Interactive Radio-Instruction (IRI) basic education project for community learning centres for time bound programme on eliminating child labour in Tanzania, 2002-2006 - Benoy, Heather (2005)
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Performance of the South African school system - Berg, Servaas van der (2005)
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Technology and mathematics learning at university at university level: a South African perspective - Berger, Margot; Cretchley, Patricia (2005)
We report on attitudes to the use of technology for learning mathematics among a group of early undergraduate South African university students. Fifty-seven students were introduced to the use of Mathematica for graphing and symbolic manipulation in a pilot project in a first-year mathematics course at the University of the Witwatersrand in 2004. Their attitudes (as measured using well-established instruments at different stages early in the academic year) are generally very positive. Comparison with similar studies conducted in Australian and British universities (using the same or similar instruments) yield comparable results. Considering that computers and graphic calculators are not used at all for learning mathematics in most South African schools, that 39% of the students in our sample do not have computer access at home, and that 19% do not consider themselves computer-literate, this finding is encouraging. Some of the most positive attitudes towards the use of technology in the learning of mathematics stem from those who have had the least access to the use of computers. These generally positive views suggests that these students, in particular, welcome the opportunity to learn to use technology, rather than fear it, and feel empowered by their experience.
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Technology and Mathematics learning at university level: A South African perspective - Berger, Margot; Cretchley, Patricia (African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 2005)
We report on attitudes to the use of technology for learning mathematics among a group of early undergraduate South African university students. Fifty-seven students were introduced to the use of Mathematica for graphing and symbolic manipulation in a pilot project in a first-year mathematics course at the University of the Witwatersrand in 2004. Their attitudes (as measured using established instruments at different stages early in the academic year) are generally very positive. Comparison with similar studies conducted in Australian and British universities (using the same or similar instruments) yield comparable results. Considering that computers and graphic calculators are not used at all for learning mathematics in most South African schools, that 39% of the students in our sample do not have computer access at home, and that 19% do not consider themselves computer-literate, this finding is encouraging. Some of the most positive attitudes towards the use of Mathematica stem from those who have had the least access to the use of computers. These generally positive views suggest that these students, in particular, welcome the opportunity to learn to use technology, rather than fear it, and feel empowered by their experience.
openalex: W1910968372 mag: 1910968372
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Education for all five years after Dakar. The long road of Yemen - Bergmann, H (ZEP : Zeitschrift fÃ¼r internationale Bildungsforschung und EntwicklungspÃ¤dagogik, 2005)
Although there are positive developments in the education of Yemen and other Arabic countries, it is yet unclear if the Dakar-goals can be achieved; especially the education of girls is a critical aspect. The article informs about the education system of Yemen, the challenges of the MENA-region, using the example of Yemen, difficulties of girls' education and the Basic Education Strategy as a trace to reach the Dakar goals. (DIPF/Orig.) Obwohl es positive Entwicklungen im Bildungsbereich Jemens und anderer arabischer Lander gibt, ist unklar, ob die Dakar-Ziele erreicht werden konnen; insbesondere die Madchenbildung ist ein kritischer Faktor. Neben Informationen uber das jemenitische Bildungswesen informiert der Beitrag uber die Herausforderungen der MENA-Region am Beispiel Jemens, Schwierigkeiten in der Madchenbildung und die Basic Education Development Strategy als ein Weg zur Erreichung der Dakar-Ziele. (DIPF/Orig.)
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Education and child labour among cocoa producers in Ghana : the anthropological case for a re-evaluation - Berlan, Amanda (2005)
openalex: W645747740 mag: 645747740
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The "Colored Schools" of Cincinnati and African American Community in Nineteenth-Century Cincinnati, 1849-1890 - Bertaux, Nancy; Washington, Michael A (Journal of Negro Education, 2005)
This article examines the relationship between the nineteenth century Colored Public Schools of Cincinnati and the overall African American community in the nineteenth-century borderland of Cincinnati. One key question addressed concerns whether these schools played a progressive, activist role in advancing the social and economic status of the African Americans in the at this time, since some have argued that the Colored Schools represented an elite group of educated Blacks that failed to address the socioeconomic needs of the overall Black community. Education is viewed as closely linked to the economy, so that a progressive educational system for Blacks would be defined as one that sought to challenge the subordinate status of Blacks in the nineteenth-century Cincinnati economy. This essay concludes that the employment of Black teachers, while a positive development in itself, apparently failed to lead to significant improvement in the overall occupational distribution of Cincinnati Blacks. Indeed, scholars have pointed to unfavorable trends in Blacks' occupational structure in this era, both absolutely and relative[sic] to occupational trends among Whites. What was the relationship between the nineteenth century Colored Public Schools of Cincinnati and the Black community at large? Did these schools play a progressive, activist role in advancing the social and economic status of the African Americans in the at this time? Or did the Colored Schools represent an elite group of educated Blacks that failed to address the socioeconomic needs of the overall Black community? Such questions call to mind the well-known, contrasting views of W.E.B. Du Bois, who stressed the need to educate the Black elite, and Booker T. Washington, who favored education to meet the economic needs of the masses (Du Bois, 1979). The purpose of this article is to consider the impact of Black educational institutions on the overall African American community in the nineteenth-century borderland of Cincinnati. We see education as closely linked to the economy; so from our perspective, a progressive educational system for Blacks would seek to challenge the subordinate status of Blacks in the nineteenth-century Cincinnati economy. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT First, it is necessary to note that the development of Black educational institutions in nineteenth-century Cincinnati took place in a particular social and economic context. In the early to mid-nineteenth century, Cincinnati was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country and contained a highly diverse population. In the late nineteenth century, the underwent the dynamic change from a pre-industrial to an industrial economy. As Cincinnati evolved from a pre-industrial, commercially based walking city focused on its riverfront (1820s to the 1850s) to a sprawling, manufacturing-based industrial center (1860s onward), industrialization, the increased scale and bureaucratization of business firms, and investments in public services played major roles in changing the nature of the local economy. These structural economic changes deeply affected the lives of both African American and White workers as they resulted in shifting job opportunities. Although many White workers, especially male artisans, found their economic position deteriorating, many others were able to take advantage of positive new opportunities, including the elite trade of machinist and white-collar jobs in the clerical and sales sectors. In the late nineteenth century, the White labor force shifted dramatically out of the low-paying categories of common labor and domestic service. During the post-Civil War era, there was a significant decline in legal, formalized racism, yet African Americans' occupational status unambiguously worsened. More informal forms of racial discrimination denied Blacks the better job opportunities in the new economy. Between 1860 and 1890, census data show that Blacks were displaced from the more desirable occupations in which they had found niches (caterers, barbers and teachers), and left with the declining job categories of common labor and domestic servitude that White workers were now able to shun. …
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Education for All in Tanzania: Rhetoric or Reality?. - Bhalalusesa, Eustella (2005)
openalex: W153131308 mag: 153131308
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Moving Beyond the Classroom: Expanding Learning Opportunities for Marginalised Populations in Tanzania and Ethiopia - Bhalalusesa, Eustella (2005)
I have pleasure in sharing with you the findings of two studies on non-formal education that were undertaken by the Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE)1 using national teams in Ethiopia and Tanzania. The studies mark another step forward in FAWE’s attempts to document the situation of girls in education and to develop and advocate for policy options to improve girls’ access to educa - tion and their educational achievement. They were undertaken with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). This paper is made up of five sections. The first section sets out briefly the background to the FAWE-NFE research project and explains how it was conceptualised. This is followed by a situational analysis of the status of basic education in Ethiopia and Tanzania with emphasis on the education of girls and women. The third section covers the methodology used to carry out the research project and the potential benefits and limitations of using this methodology. The fourth section presents the main findings of the study, with particular focus on quality and management issues of the NFE system. This provides the foundation for the last section which draws conclusions and makes recommendations on how to improve policy and practice.
openalex: W2482467883 mag: 2482467883
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Violence and the Gendered Negotiation of Masculinity Among Young Black School Boys in South Africa - Bhana, Deevia (2005)
By the time boys begin attending primary school in South Africa, they have already embarked on the lifelong process of acquiring and constructing their masculine identities. Masculine identities in school reach back in time into the family and, in turn, the social location of these families plays a major part in the early processes by which masculinities are formed. In South Africa, the context in which many black families function is one of poverty. Poverty and race correlate closely in South Africa with 61 percent of blacks being poor (May 2000). Three children in every five live in households characterized by unemployment, lack of access to water and electricity, crowded homes, and food insecurity. Although poverty does not cause aggression, it gives rise to conditions that make it more likely. Boys, black boys in particular, are vulnerable to violence, but at the same time, they learn that might is right. To understand the shape of school masculinities, we need to give due recognition to early life experiences of violence.
openalex: W2338848658 mag: 2338848658
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Managing ICTs in South African Schools: A Guide for School Principals - Bialobrzeska, Maryla; Cohen, Steven D. (2005)
openalex: W2598264770 mag: 2598264770
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Coping with drought : options for soil and water management in semi-arid Kenya - Biamah, E.K (2005)
In semi-arid Kenya, episodes of agricultural droughts of varying severity and duration occur. The occurrence of these agricultural droughts is associated with seasonal rainfall variability and can be reflected by seasonal soil moisture deficits that significantly affect crop productivity. The aim of this study was to analyse agricultural drought, and to evaluate soil and water management options and strategies for sustainable crop production in drought-prone semi-arid Kenya. Research was conducted at an experimental site in Katumani and in Iiuni watershed, both in Machakos district. First the occurrence of dry and wet spells in Iiuni was modelled using a Markov model. The study revealed that the short rains (October-December) are more reliable for crop production than the long rains (March-May). A literature review on tillage methods for soil and water conservation in eastern Africa showed the importance of appropriate tillage practices and the benefits of residue management for improved soil moisture conditions. Especially conservation tillage techniques were found to be promising for the improvement of crop productivity under semi-arid climatic conditions. Moreover, farm yard manure application in combination with tillage appeared effective in reducing surface runoff from a crusting and compacting soil, especially during the early stages of the rainy season. At the watershed scale, the AGNPS model was applied to evaluate the effect of land use changes on watershed runoff volume. Changes in land use covering a period of nearly 20 years were significant, with an dramatic increase in the area for crop cultivation, but this did not have a significant effect on the hydrology. The reason is the widespread adoption of soil and water conservation measures (mainly bench terracing) that occurred during the same period. The last part of the thesis deals with suitable options for watershed conservation in semi-arid Kenya. Apart from technical solutions, the enabling conditions to farmers at various hierarchical policy levels are discussed. A few of these enabling conditions that are elaborated upon include agricultural policy, focus on smallholder agriculture and public-community partnerships
openalex: W2099998664 mag: 2099998664
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Language issues in education influenced by global trends and democracy : a case study from South Africa - Biseth, Heidi (2005)
openalex: W2224987623 mag: 2224987623
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Genetic hearing impairments in Kenya coast region - Bo, Luca Del; Ambrosetti, Umberto; Primignani, Paola; Castorina, Pierangela (2005)
openalex: W2912871567 mag: 2912871567
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An Investigative Study of Innovation and Reform in the Education System of the Kingdom of Lesotho - Boaduo, Nana Adu-Pipim (African Symposium: An On-Line African Educational Research Journal, 2005)
openalex: W1569800760 mag: 1569800760
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Secondary Education Provision in Africa: What Form Should it Take in the Twenty-First Century? - Boaduo, Nana Adu-Pipim (African Symposium: An On-Line African Educational Research Journal, 2005)
openalex: W2271798598 mag: 2271798598
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Rising youth unemployment in Ghana: What can agricultural education do to improve employability of new graduating students? - Boateng, Joseph (2005)
openalex: W2907462305 mag: 2907462305
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Remote sensing study of the Mt Cameroon volcano, SW Province, Cameroon - Bonne, Kathelijne; Meerendre, Matthieu Kervyn De; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Ayonghe, Samuel N.; Mafany, G; Ranst, Éric Van; Goossens, Rudi; Harris, Alma; Ernst, Gérald (2005)
openalex: W2586828515 mag: 2586828515
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Attitudes of the key stake-holders of primary education of Botswana: regarding the importance of information and Communication Technology (ICT) in primary schools - Bose, Kabita (Mosenodi, 2005)
A comprehensive study was conducted in primary schools of the Southern region of Botswana, to determine the attitudes of the main stakeholders of primary education (i.e. teachers, pupils and parents) regarding the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in primary education. The Office of Research and Development (ORD), University of Botswana, funded the study. The findings showed that the majority of teachers, pupils and parents, in both government and private schools, value and support the idea of ICT in primary school education although the private schools had an edge over government schools in most cases. However, the challenge is to make information technology accessible to all primary schools and to develop a conducive environment by planning and providing the required infrastructure and resources. The findings of the study led to a few recommendations.
openalex: W58502506 mag: 58502506
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Availability and utilisation of information and communication technology (ICT) in primary schools: a case of Southern Region of Botswana - Bose, Kabita; Tsayang, Gabatshwane (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 2005)
openalex: W1664530006 mag: 1664530006
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