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Our study assessed bacteria on swabs taken from the surface of the diaphragm of stethoscopes used by medical students in Nigeria. We found bacterial contamination on 80.1% of the stethoscopes. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were major isolates. Bacterial colonization was highest among stethoscopes cleaned with only water and those never cleaned with any agent or never cleaned at all. The difference was statistically significant (chi2 = 31.9, p < .05). Stethoscopes from...

Background.— Few data are available on migraine among students in Africa. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of migraine and describe its clinical features and associated conditions among students of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Abomey‐Calavi University, in Cotonou, Benin. Methods.— A cross‐sectional study was prospectively conducted during the academic year 2002‐2003 and included 336 students selected using systematic random sampling. Migraine was defined according...

Background . Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of babies for 6 months, as recommended by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), remains a well-recognised childhood survival strategy of great benefit in reducing infant and under-5 mortality rates. Objectives . To evaluate the correlation of certain socio-demographic and cultural factors with the ability of mothers to practise EBF for 6 months. Subjects and methods . Two hundred mothers were interviewed about their knowledge of EBF and...

Despite the availability of contraception, the rates of abortion among young women in South Africa continue to increase. We designed a study to examine young people's attitudes about abortion and contraception. One hundred and eighty-eight South African university students (97 females and 91 males) completed the survey. While we found moral objections to abortion for the sample as a whole, females showed stronger support for availability of abortion and women's autonomy compared with males....

This article emphasises the uncertainty in the relationship between a student undergoing practical training and his/her lecturer or university, if the student should be injured and wants to claim compensation.One must first establish whether the student can be described as an employee of the lecturer or university, or as a vocational worker or independent contractor. Once the status of the student has been established, the relevant legislation can be determined, whether it is the Labour...

Since 1994, the South African state and various social actors have sought to realise far‐reaching and extensive institutional change in higher education. This article posits a framework for the theorisation and analysis of institutional change in South African higher education during the post‐1994 period, and then analyses the contexts, trajectories, dynamics and determinants of change. The article concludes with observations on the nature of change. On the one hand, there is evidence of...

Production of qualified librarians or information specialists with adequate theoretical knowledge and practical skills in applications of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is found to be a strategic asset that will bring about significant development and changes in any nation's economy, politics, education, agriculture and other national sectors of the economy. Thoughts that influenced the direction of curriculum and the development of library and information science...

This article examines the application Higher Diploma training skills in classroom instruction as well as pinning to the possible bottlenecks that hamper the successful application of the training skills. To this end, graduates of the first two batches, heads of the ten departments operating under the Faculty of Education and dean of the faculty were participated in the study. Multiple instruments with multiple sources were used in data collection in the following order: classroom...

This study establishes the impact of the School Library Development Programme (SLDP) of the East African Book Development Association (EABDA) on the beneficiary schools in Pallisa District. The study was financed with funds provided by the Guust van Wesemael Literacy Prize, awarded by IFLA to the National Book Trust of Uganda in 2007. Data were collected from implementers and participants in the Pallisa District project including teachers, children, head teachers, teacher librarians and the...

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the hair and saliva of schoolchildren (n=265) in Ceres district, rural and agricultural Town. The role of other factors, such as the socio-economic status, and anthropometric data of the children were also investigated including levels of elements in water, common foods and cultivated vegetables. The results showed high mean levels of Pb in both hair (1.17 ±0.99μg/kg) and saliva (1.07 ±1.31μg/L), when compared with the reference mean (

This paper examines the place of education as a catalyst for women empowerment in Nigeria.The paper, using primary and secondary sources of data, has shown that in spite of all the laudable goals and objectives of education, Nigerian women still suffer a lot of constraints and inhibitions which militate against their personal and national development.The paper therefore recommends, among others, the involvement of women in educational policy formulation, extensive enlightenment campaigns,...

La recherche engendre beaucoup de technologies qui restent sous-dissemineés. Donc l'objectif principal de propager les résultats de la recherche aux utilisateurs n'est jamais achevé. Le papier décritles expériences et les leçons apprises lors du conditionnement des résultats de la recherche en matériau de la formation et la vulgarisation pour l'utilisation des paysans et des vulgarisations sous le prójet du dévéloppement des grains au Ghana. Basé sur les expériences et les leçons apprises,...

Purpose With the increasing rise in obesity and diabetes in Mauritius, the school food environment in Mauritius is becoming a major concern. No study in Mauritius has so far examined the perspective of school head teachers pertaining to food items sold in schools. The purpose of this paper is to determine the primary school food environment in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach A national postal survey of all the 212 public primary schools in Mauritius was undertaken. A pilot study was...

It is my observation that the current school mathematics curriculum in Ethiopia is not producing competent mathematics students.Many mathematicians in Ethiopia and other part of the world have often expressed grief that the majority of students do not understand mathematical concepts, or do not see why mathematical procedures work, or do not know when to use a given mathematical technique (Cuoco, A.1995).According to Cuoco, A.A, et.al.(1996) for generations, school students have studied...

Since the 1970s, rainfall has declined along the North African coast, while the demographic pressure has increased. Supplementing the rainfall data and water level of the Béni Bahdel dam, water isotopic signature and tree ring analyses were used to better understand the effects of climate change (lower rainfall, higher summer temperature) and the water circulation in the Tafna River basin in north-west Algeria. Changes are recommended in water storage and afforestation policies and irrigation techniques.

This study examines impacts of population growth and climate change on water supplies of Israelis and Palestinians under business-as-usual conditions and application of the Palestinian Water Authority position on water resources division. Eight scenarios are developed that describe conditions in 2000 and 2025. Several indicators are used to measure the effects of these conditions. The indicators show that population growth and climate change will create international inequities and...

This study evaluated the effect of a transformative learning (TL) intervention on functional health literacy and diabetes knowledge in older African Americans. Twenty participants from senior community centers completed a six-session intervention. The short-form Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFHLA), Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD), and Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) were used to perform pre- and postmeasurements. Postintervention s-TOFHLA scores and DKT scores were...