Factors contributing to academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya - Karimi, Florah (2009)
openalex: W2209268757 mag: 2209268757
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The relationship between the leadership style of principals and school climate in private secondary schools in Mauritius - Kausmaully, Essan (2009)
openalex: W1600855153 mag: 1600855153
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The relationship between the leadership style of principals and school climate in private secondary schools in Mauritius - Kausmaully, Essan (2009)
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Distribution of pesticide residues in soil due to point source pollution at old Korogwe, Tanzania - Kihampa, Charles; Mato, R.R.A.M. (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2009)
This paper summarizes the findings of a study carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in soil along the old obsolete pesticides storage site at Old Korogwe.Gas chromatography spectrophotometry equipped with electron capture detector was used in the identification and quantification of the residues.DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE, were detected at different distances from the point source.p,p'-DDT was the predominant residue in all the samples analysed, detected in 92% of samples at a mean concentration of 425.76 + 4.75 µg/g.o,p'-DDT was detected in 33% with a mean concentration of 55.83 + 2.65 µg/g, metabolites p, p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE were detected in 50% and 58% at mean concentrations of 92.5 + 3.50 and 20.84 + 1.72 µg/g, respectively.The detection of higher level of p,p'-DDT than o,p'-DDT in the samples implies contamination was due to technical-grade DDT.
openalex: W2142304892 mag: 2142304892
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Parental Involvement in a Child Education Project in Burkina Faso - Klompenhouwer, J.; Harting, M.L.H. (2009)
openalex: W1514765455 mag: 1514765455
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An investigation into the development of the function concept through a problem-centred approach by form 1 pupils in Zimbabwe - Kwari, Rudo (2009)
The Nziramasanga Report (1999) recommended the use of problem-solving as one of the methods that can be used to teach mathematics at all levels in order to improve the current state of mathematics education in Zimbabwe. In the literature study (Chapter 2) the definition of a mathematical function, its development and ways of approaching
openalex: W1799641955 mag: 1799641955
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The role of the Namibia national teachers' union in the development of the staffing norms policy in Namibia - Lukubwe, Rosco Misika (2009)
openalex: W632834570 mag: 632834570
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Optimising mixed-ability grouping for effective instruction at the junior secondary school level in Botswana - Mafa, Onias (2009)
openalex: W2230344909 mag: 2230344909
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A framework for an integrated student information management system for higher education in Uganda - Magara, Elisam (2009)
openalex: W161947914 mag: 161947914
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A historical investigation into school governing structures in Limpopo Province of South Africa - Mahomole, Mahlodi Johannes (2009)
openalex: W994624324 mag: 994624324
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Issues and challenges regarding the implementation of environmental education policy in formal education in South Africa - Maila, Mago William (2009)
openalex: W1561170700 mag: 1561170700
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The acquisition of English academic language proficiency among grade 7 learners in South African schools - Manyike, Tintswalo Vivian (2009)
openalex: W2162466764 mag: 2162466764
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The role of the school in providing moral education in a multicultural society: the case of Mauritius - Mariaye, Marie Hyleen Sandra (2009)
openalex: W1606200150 mag: 1606200150
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The development of historical consciousness in the teaching of history in South African schools - Mazabow, Gerald (2009)
openalex: W1880165071 mag: 1880165071
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Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana - Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe (2009)
openalex: W1483077767 mag: 1483077767
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Gender roles in textbooks as a function of hidden curriculum in Tanzania primary schools - Mkuchu, Sydney Gamaliel Valentino (2009)
openalex: W1499746271 mag: 1499746271
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Secondary school teachers' perspectives of development studies as a school subject in Swaziland - Mngomezulu, Johannes Phumlani (2009)
openalex: W1960891738 mag: 1960891738
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The development of a programme for parental involvement in senior primary school education in Swaziland - Monadjem, Lynette Carol (2009)
openalex: W1533663538 mag: 1533663538
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Teacher Appraisal: an evaluation of practices in Botswana Secondary Schools - Monyatsi, Pedzani Perci (2009)
openalex: W2149668939 mag: 2149668939
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A system approach to an outcomes-based competence profile of education, training and development practitioners in the South African National Defence Force - Moorhouse, C. E. (2009)
openalex: W98138893 mag: 98138893
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PREVENTION PRACTICES OF HIV/AIDS AMONG PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ZAMBIA - Mulumba, Mpoyi (2009)
The study sought to analyse teachers’ level of knowledge, attitude and preventive practices in relation to HIV/AIDS in Petauke district in the eastern province of Zambia. The study sought to determine whether teachers were well informed about HIV/AIDS, had no discriminative behaviours towards HIV/AIDS-affected people, and finally whether their preventive practices were good in relation to HIV/AIDS. The major inferences drawn from this study are that teachers are well informed about HIV/AIDS and that their attitudes are mostly non-discriminative. Preventive practices were found to be good but contradictory to the reality on the ground. KEY CONCEPTS Education; HIV/AIDS; Petauke district; teachers; Zambia.
openalex: W2168509932 mag: 2168509932
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THE INFLUENCE OF FOUNDATION PHYSICS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PHYSICS I AT SEVERAL SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES - Mundalamo, Fhatuwani J. (2009)
openalex: W2171759649 mag: 2171759649
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The production of Mode 2 knowledge in higher education in South Africa - Musson, Doreen (2009)
openalex: W1954219307 mag: 1954219307
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The role of African languages in education and training (skills-development) in South Africa - Mutsila, Ndivhuho (2009)
This study investigates the possibilities of incorporating African languages in skills development and training in South Africa as part of functional multilingualism. This investigation is done in relation to the Skills Development Act (Act No.97 of 1998) promulgated by the South African government, through parliament in order to address skills shortage among workers in South Africa the majority of whom are black whose education and training needs can be more effectively addressed through mother-tongue instruction than through English or Afrikaans. A literature review of global trends in skills-development initiatives and strategies indicates that the use of indigenous languages in skills development ensures success in skills transference and also enhances language development and language promotion. Empirical research was done in the mining and minerals industry at Beatrix Gold Mine, Free State.
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The management of equity in medical schools in South Africa - Naidoo, Kethamonie (2009)
openalex: W1823420963 mag: 1823420963
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The role of adult basic education and training programmes in the development of rural black women in the Omusati region in Namibia - Nambinga, Selma Tilomalenga (2009)
openalex: W1604988362 mag: 1604988362
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Contextualising secondary school management: towards school effectiveness in Zimbabwe - Ncube, Alfred Champion (2009)
openalex: W638376570 mag: 638376570
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MANAGING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE: THE INTERNAL EFFICIENCY OF RURAL DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS - Ncube, Ndabazinhle J. (2009)
openalex: W2122116955 mag: 2122116955
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Religious education in Zimbabwe secondary schools : the quest for a multi-faith approach - Ndlovu, Lovemore (2009)
openalex: W1548579613 mag: 1548579613
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The HIV/AIDS and life-skills education programme for schools in Zimbabwe. A case study of primary schools in the Lupane Area Development Programme - Ndlovu, Method Walter (2009)
openalex: W118555136 mag: 118555136
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Exploring The Relationship Between Performance Attributions, Grade Expectation And Tendency To Cheat During Examinations Among PGDE Students In University Of Botswana - Nenty, H. Johnson; Radimo, B.W. (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2009)
Performance attribution style plays a significant role in determining whether or not students engage on academic dishonesty more especially in cheating during examination. This, according to Nelson (1995), is an assault upon the basic integrity and meaning of a university. This study explores the relationship between performance attributions, grade expectation and tendency to cheat during examinations among PGDE students in University of Botswana (UB). This exploratory study using an inferential survey design was carried out by collecting data from 304 PGDE students and analysing these using one-way ANOVA. The results revealed that students‟ attribution of successful performance significantly influenced their tendency to cheat in examination; failing performance on the other hand, has no significance influence on this variable. Existing discrepancy between expected and earned grade was also found to significantly influenced students‟ tendency to cheat in an examination among UB PGDE students. These were discussed and recommendations made.
openalex: W2048451881 mag: 2048451881
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Quality assurance in South African higher education and its implementation at the University of Durban-Westville - Ngwenya, Thengamehlo Harold (2009)
openalex: W1592343324 mag: 1592343324
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E-learning course design in teacher design teams. Experiences in the Open University of Tanzania - Nihuka, Kassimu A.; Voogt, Joke (2009)
Collaborative course design in teacher design teams (TDTs) is reported as a promising professional development strategy. This study explored the potential of this strategy in preparing teachers in course redesign for e-learning delivery in the context of the Open University of Tanzania. Three teachers from the Institute of Continuing Education worked in a design team and were supported on how to transform their traditional courses into e-learning courses. Sixty-seven foundation course students from the Institute of Continuing Education participated to study in an e-learning environment through offline Moodle Learning Management System and were supported by e-mails and mobile phones for a period of three months. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from teachers and students. This contribution discusses the experiences of teachers on collaborative course redesign in TDTs and presents students| experiences with the redesigned e-learning courses. The findings show, that despite its challenges, TDTs had a significant return in terms of professional development of teachers and improvement of student support.
openalex: W2795253205 mag: 2795253205
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The participation of rural based teachers in community development activities in the Chivi district, Masvingo, Zimbabwe - Ntini, Edmore (2009)
openalex: W2216125204 mag: 2216125204
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The influence of teachers' background, professional development and teaching practices on students' achievement in mathematics in Lesotho - Ogbonnaya, Ugorji I. (2009)
ii DECLARATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER 1 1 ORIENTATION OF THE STUDY 1 1.
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Standardisation And Validation Study Of A New Study Skills Questionnaire Among Nigerian Students - Ola, Bolanle; Morakinyo, Olufemi; Adewuya, Abiodun O. (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2009)
There have been a number of studies on study skills in the past few decades but have been limited to developed countries. Concerns have also been raised by various researchers about the latent constructs of existing western scales to assess study skills. The objective of this study was to develop, standardize and validate a culturally sensitive study skills questionnaire (SSQ). Methods: a stratified random sample of secondary school students (n = 649) between age 12 and 21 completed SSQ, developed through a three stage procedure. Psychometric properties of the instrument including reliability (internal consistencies and test-retest reliability), validity (content, convergent and criterion), item correlation and latent constructs were assessed. Result: The internal consistencies of the eight subscales were acceptable (r = 0.85 to 0.86; p < 0.001) and the intra-class coefficient was good (r = 0.871, p < 0.001). SSQ subscales had an acceptable three-week test-retest reliability (r = 0.598 to 0.878; p < 0.001) and good convergent and criterion validity. Using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cut-off score was 114.5 (sensitivity = 0.780; specificity = 0.735). SSQ had two latent constructs (will and skill) accounting for 56.98% of the total variance. These constructs were interrelated and were both significant predictors of academic performance. Conclusion: SSQ has good psychometric properties among secondary schools students in Nigeria. Because of its validity, reliability, and ease of administration, the SSQ is a valuable tool in diagnosis and prescriptive purposes. More studies are needed to ascertain the potentials of this instrument.
openalex: W2093671784 mag: 2093671784
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Providing non-formal education to the semi-nomadic Bahima and Karimojong pastoralists in Uganda - Owiny, Charles Dickens (2009)
openalex: W1489307967 mag: 1489307967
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HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria - Oyewale, Tajudeen O. (2009)
The study sought to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria. The study noted that teachers were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and poor HIV/AIDS attitude persist. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationship exist between education qualification and knowledge of MTCT of HIV during pregnancy; between geographic location and the knowledge to clarify misconception about HIV transmission; between gender and the knowledge of condom use; and between the receipt of HIV/AIDS information or training on FLHE curriculum and the procedural knowledge of discussing / teaching sexuality and HIV/AIDS issues with fellow teachers or students. However, there is no statistical significant relationship between the teachings of HIV/AIDS issues and the feeling that HIV/AIDS education promotes sexual promiscuity. Key Concepts HIV, AIDS, HIV/AIDS knowledge, HIV/AIDS attitude, teachers, FLHE curriculum.
openalex: W918767065 mag: 918767065
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A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICY ON RELIGION AND EDUCATION (2003) - Prinsloo, Paul (2009)
openalex: W2192641954 mag: 2192641954
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An examination of the required operational skills and training standards for a Close Protection Operative in South Africa - Schneider, Gavriel (2009)
openalex: W1539762357 mag: 1539762357
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Public-private partnership in the provision of secondary education in the Gaborone city area of Botswana - Sedisa, Kitso Nkaiwa (2009)
openalex: W2112224840 mag: 2112224840
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The use of information technology in improving decision making and planning in the management of Senior Secondary Schools in Botswana - Sedisa, Kitso Nkaiwa (2009)
openalex: W632924367 mag: 632924367
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Pregnancy-related challenges encountered by student nurses at the South African Military Health Services Nursing College - Sekgobela, Constance Balahliye (2009)
openalex: W1800104814 mag: 1800104814
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The impact of South African legislation (1948-2004) on Black education in rural areas: a historical educational perspective - Seroto, Johannes (2009)
Rethinking education in rural areas firstly requires reviewing different legislation from a historical perspective and then reconsidering the place of education in the current rural development debate. To a large extent, rural areas have been neglected in development policies and similarly, the rural dimension of basic education issues, especially in South Africa, has been largely overlooked. Basic facts and figures, as elaborated in this thesis, shed light on the need to devote more attention to rural education. In this thesis, South African legislation in relation to basic education for Black people in rural areas during the colonial period up to the democratic era was investigated. The impact of South African legislation on Black education in rural areas is difficult to unravel and solve overnight since its thinking and practice was consolidated over centuries. However, an attempt was made to determine what the policymakers, mostly White dominated governments who ascribed to segregatory and racial attitudes, did to ensure that different policies enshrined in various legislation impacted negatively on education of people predominantly residing in rural areas. The research affirmed that education of Black people in rural areas was, in most instances negatively impacted by policies of previous White governments. The apartheid government (1948-1993) used poor funding strategies to ensure that there were low teacher-pupil ratios and teacher qualifications. Unequal pattern of education spending continued well into the democratic era. This poor funding which impacted negatively on, especially rural schools, made infrastructural provision in rural areas difficult. Even though the democratic government have competitive legislative policies in place, it was concluded that educational policies since 1994 were hastily implemented and insufficient consideration has been given to the contextual realities in South African schooling, particularly in rural areas. Hence the democratic government still need to give grave attention to the issue of education in rural areas.
openalex: W1581326194 mag: 1581326194
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Religion and education in Zambia, 1890-2000 and beyond - Simuchimba, Melvin (2009)
The relationship between religion (Church) and education (State) through religious education (RE) in Zambia has passed through different stages of development. During the missionary period (1883/1890- 1924), RE was, naturally, offered in the form of Religious Instruction (RI) and was thus fully denominational and confessional. Despite some general improvements in the provision of education, the subject remained largely confessional at the end of the colonial period (1925 - 1964). After Independence, the confessional model of the subject was inherited and continued throughout the First Republic (1964 - 72) and part of the Second Republic (1973 - 90). However, as a result of educational reforms started in the mid 1970s, RE became more educational by adopting an approach that was partly confessional and partly phenomenological from the mid 1980s. Despite new educational reforms in 1991/92 and after 1996, progressive development of RE as a curriculum subject seems to have been negatively affected by the state's self-contradictory declaration of Zambia as a Christian Nation in 1991. Thus the subject continued to be partly confessional and partly phenomenological during the Third Republic (1991 to date). While the state or Ministry of Education sees RE as a curriculum subject with educational aims like any other, research results show that many Zambians, especially members of different religious traditions, still see the subject as having confessional aims as well. However, since the country is pluralistic and democratic, RE in Zambia should continue developing in line with the constitutional values of religious and cultural freedom and the liberal national education policy provisions for spiritual and moral education. Thus the subject should go beyond its current unclear state of being largely confessional and partially phenomenological and become more educational; it should take the religious literacy and critical understanding model which takes both religious truth-claims and educational skills and understanding of religion seriously. To ensure this, a specific national policy which broadly outlines the nature and form of RE in schools needs to be put in place as a guide to all interest groups.
openalex: W94003099 mag: 94003099
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Managing a British higher education institution with a mainly South African market : a case study - Smith, Anthony (2009)
openalex: W2270731392 mag: 2270731392
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Self-assessment as component of a continuous performance improvement strategy and quality assurance in education, training and development within the South African department of defence - Solms, Von; Heerden, Van (2009)
openalex: W1549909153 mag: 1549909153
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Suicidal behaviour of high school students : attempts, ideation and risk factors of South African and German adolescents - Sommer, Marc (2009)
The present study compared the suicidal behaviour and related measures of adolescents in high school in Germany (N=318) and South Africa (N=299). Participants completed a series of self-report measures of the SPS (Suicide Probability Scale), PSS-Fa (Perceived Social Support From Family Scale), PSS-Fr (Perceived
openalex: W1613383314 mag: 1613383314
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Evaluating the effectiveness of Umalusi council for quality assurance in general and further education and training as a public entity in the South African education regulatory system - Thomas, Jeremy Ralph (2009)
openalex: W1893309758 mag: 1893309758
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SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNERS' EXPERIENCE OF CITIZENSHIP IN A DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA - Tlhapi, Thekiso Japhta (2009)
openalex: W2160113383 mag: 2160113383
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The extent and practice of inclusion in independent schools (ISASA members) in Southern Africa - Walton, Elizabeth (2009)
openalex: W2105318295 mag: 2105318295
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WALKING FAR TOGETHER: THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN PASTORAL FORMATION - Wilhelm, Hans-Martin (2009)
openalex: W2145426891 mag: 2145426891
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Influence Of Mass Media On Sexual Health Behaviour Of College Students In Nigeria: A Study Of Lagos State University - Wusu, Onipede (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2009)
This paper examines the effects of mass media on the sexual health behaviour of single college students in Nigeria. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted. A total of 300 pre-coded questionnaires were administered in study population. Data analysis reveals that the respondents are more frequently exposed to the internet (75%), TV (77%) and radio (75%). More frequent exposure to print, home video and internet media are significantly related to rising level of sexual activities among female respondents. Frequent exposure to radio (over 3 times) and internet (4 times) are more likely to influence condom use positively among male respondents. Among their female counterparts, more frequent internet utilization (almost twice) is more likely to raise the level of condom use. Thus, an international accord on the content of the mass media, especially on their moral implications for the younger generation is imperative.
openalex: W2043417751 mag: 2043417751
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A comparative study of women in management in higher education in South Africa and the United Kingdom - Zulu, Constance (2009)
openalex: W94674787 mag: 94674787
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Body weight and blood pressure profile in Nigerian secondary school adolescents - Akinpelu, Aderonke O.; Oyewole, Olufemi O.; Oritogun, Kolawole S (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2009)
openalex: W2018906769 mag: 2018906769
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Developing a health and human rights training program for french speaking Africa: lessons learned, from needs assessment to a pilot program - Chastonay, Philippe; Klohn, Axel Maximo; Zesiger, Véronique; Freigburghaus, Franziska; Mpinga, Emmanuel Kabengele (BMC international health and human rights (Online), 2009)
Abstract Background The importance of human rights education has widely been recognized as one of the strategies for their protection and promotion of health. Yet training programs have not always taken into account neither local needs, nor public health relevance, nor pedagogical efficacy. The objectives of our study were to assess, in a participative way, educational needs in the field of health and human rights among potential trainees in six French-speaking African countries and to test the feasibility of a training program through a pilot test. Ultimately the project aims to implement a health and human rights training program most appropriate to the African context . Methods Needs assessment was done according to four approaches: Revue of available data on health and human rights in the targeted countries; Country visits by one of the authors meeting key institutions; Focus group discussions with key-informants in each country; A questionnaire-based study targeting health professionals and human rights activists. Pilot training program : an interactive e-learning pilot program was developed integrating training needs expressed by partner institutions and potential trainees. Results Needs assessment showed high public health and human rights challenges that the target countries have to face. It also showed precise demands of partner institutions in regard to a health and human rights training program. It further allowed defining training objectives and core competencies useful to potential employers and future students as well as specific training contents. A pilot program allowed testing the motivation of students, the feasibility of an interactive educational approach and identifying potential difficulties. Conclusion In combining various approaches our study was able to show that training needs concentrate around tools allowing the identification of basic human rights violations in the health system, the analysis of their causes and coordinated responses through specific intervention projects.
openalex: W2010551259 mag: 2010551259
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Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ukwelo-Obudu and Abini communities in Cross River State, Nigeria - Ingang-Etoh, PC; Essien, UC; Amama, SA; Useh, MF (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2009)
Background: The prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection were studied in Ukwelo-Obudu, and Abini communities of Cross River State, Nigeria. Aim: To screen for the presence of ova of S. haematobium in the urine of school children in the two communities. Method: Six hundred urine specimens (400 in Abini and 200 in Ukwelo-Obudu community) were collected by random sampling from school children aged 5-17 years from the two communities and screened for ova of Schistosoma haematobium by filtration of urine and counting of filtered carbol fuchsin-stained eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. Retrospective study of Schistosoma haematobium infection was also carried out in Ukwelo-Obudu community. Results: Infection with S. haematobium was not found in Ukwelo-Obudu whereas in Abini community, a prevalence of 4.5% was found. The highest prevalence of infection (7.7%) occurred in the age group of 11-13 years. There was a strong positive correlation between the presence of infection (ova of S. haematobium) and existence of haematuria (r = 0.81) and proteinuria (r = 0.71) in Abini community. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of proteinuria between male and female subjects examined (P=0.0008). A retrospective study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Ukwelo-Obudu community showed 2006 as the year with the highest record of infection [11(35.5%)] whereas the year 2004 recorded the lowest number of infection. Conclusion: This study has revealed a low prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Abini and the absence of infection in Ukwelo-Obudu communities respectively. Key words: Prevalence, Schistosoma haematobium, Abini, Ukwelo-obudu, School children
openalex: W2013256653 mag: 2013256653
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Implementing Universal Primary Education in Uganda - Sserunjogi, Expedit (2009)
openalex: W2922110010 mag: 2922110010
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E-learning implementation in institutions of higher learning: a case study of Presbyterian University College, Ghana (PUCG). - Asiedu, Eric Kofi (2009)
A thesis submitted to the Osei Tutu II Institute for Advanced Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Advanced ICT Management Option, 2009
openalex: W2287257801 mag: 2287257801
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Training needs assessment for clinicians at antiretroviral therapy clinics: evidence from a national survey in Uganda - Lutalo, Ibrahim M.; Schneider, G.; Weaver, Marcia R.; Oyugi, Jessica H.; Sebuyira, Lydia Mpanga; Kaye, Richard; Lule, Frank; Namagala, Elizabeth; Scheld, W. Michael; McAdam, Keith P. W. J.; Sande, Merle A. (Human Resources for Health, 2009)
To increase access to antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, several experts recommend "task shifting" from doctors to clinical officers, nurses and midwives. This study sought to identify task shifting that has already occurred and assess the antiretroviral therapy training needs among clinicians to whom tasks have shifted.The Infectious Diseases Institute, in collaboration with the Ugandan Ministry of Health, surveyed health professionals and heads of antiretroviral therapy clinics at a stratified random sample of 44 health facilities accredited to provide this therapy. A sample of 265 doctors, clinical officers, nurses and midwives reported on tasks they performed, previous human immunodeficiency virus training, and self-assessment of knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy. Heads of the antiretroviral therapy clinics reported on clinic characteristics.Thirty of 33 doctors (91%), 24 of 40 clinical officers (60%), 16 of 114 nurses (14%) and 13 of 54 midwives (24%) who worked in accredited antiretroviral therapy clinics reported that they prescribed this therapy (p<0.001). Sixty-four percent of the people who prescribed antiretroviral therapy were not doctors. Among professionals who prescribed it, 76% of doctors, 62% of clinical officers, 62% of nurses and 51% of midwives were trained in initiating patients on antiretroviral therapy (p=0.457); 73%, 46%, 50% and 23%, respectively, were trained in monitoring patients on the therapy (p=0.017). Seven percent of doctors, 42% of clinical officers, 35% of nurses and 77% of midwives assessed that their overall knowledge of antiretroviral therapy was lower than good (p=0.001).Training initiatives should be an integral part of the support for task shifting and ensure that antiretroviral therapy is used correctly and that toxicity or drug resistance do not reverse accomplishments to date.
openalex: W1964328887 mag: 1964328887
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Computerized Cognitive Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Urban African Americans - Doniger, Glen M.; Jo, Mi-Yeoung; Simon, Ely S.; Crystal, Howard (American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 2009)
Few objective cognitive assessment tools have been validated for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in African Americans despite higher prevalence of disease. This preliminary study evaluated discriminant validity of a computerized cognitive assessment battery for MCI in an urban African American cohort. Twenty-seven participants with MCI and 22 cognitively healthy individuals completed a multidomain battery (Mindstreams, NeuroTrax Corp, New Jersey). Mild cognitive impairment participants performed more poorly than cognitively healthy participants in all domains, with significant differences in memory (P = .003; d = 0.96), executive function (P = .046; d = 0.64), and overall battery performance (P = .041; d = 0.63). Adjustment for intelligence quotient (IQ) yielded significant differences in memory (P < .001; d = 1.34), executive function (P = .007; d = 0.86), attention (P = .014; d = .80), and overall performance (P = .001; d = 1.09). Such a validated battery may help to address an important clinical need in this population.
openalex: W1989949665 mag: 1989949665
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases in Johannesburg, South Africa: a first glimpse of short-term outcomes from a paramedic clinical learning database - Stein, Christopher (Emergency Medicine Journal, 2009)
To describe and assess outcomes of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases occurring in the greater Johannesburg metropolitan area recorded over a 7-year period in a student paramedic clinical learning database.Retrospective case review.Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases were extracted from the database and subjected to Utstein-style descriptive analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors predictive of ROSC.A total of 563 confirmed cardiac arrest cases with complete Utstein-style data was identified and extracted. A small number of paediatric cases was excluded and further analysis was conducted on 510 adult cases of whom 205 (40%) were selected for resuscitation. The median response time was 9 minutes. In 153 of the 205 cases (75%) the cause of arrest was presumed to be cardiac, 140 of the arrests (68%) were witnessed and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 74 cases (36%). Forty-seven cases (23%) were found in a shockable rhythm and ROSC occurred in 36 (18%) of resuscitated cases. The only significant predictor of ROSC was the initial rhythm of arrest (p<0.001).The proportion of cardiac arrest patients resuscitated was small as was the proportion of patients found in shockable rhythms and those with ROSC. Long response times may explain these findings, but a larger, prospective study on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Johannesburg is needed to confirm this.
openalex: W2036626383 mag: 2036626383
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Prevalence of alcohol-linked problems among Nigerian students in Minsk, Belarus and their academic performance - Welcome, M. Osain; Ye, Razvodovsky; Доценко, Е. В.; Переверзев, В. А. (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2009)
openalex: W2066798621 mag: 2066798621
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Perceptions of climate change, multiple stressors and livelihoods on marginal African coasts - Bunce, Matthew; Rosendo, Sérgio; Brown, Katrina (Environment, development and sustainability, 2009)
openalex: W2010191110 mag: 2010191110
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Drawing Sustenance at the Source: African American Students’ Participation in the Black Campus Community as an Act of Resistance - Lewis, Kristine S.; McKissic, Stephanie C. (Journal of Black Studies, 2009)
The Black campus community, often viewed as a marginal location on the college campus, is by no means marginal to the college experiences of African American students at predominantly White colleges. Through the close examination of two representative narratives, we demonstrate the role of the Black campus community in the process of college retention for African American students. Participation in the Black campus community enables African American students to develop and execute resistance practices— oppositional behaviors and critical resistant navigational skills (Solorzano & Villalpando, 1998). The resistance practices of African American students at this college perform two functions: (a) a conservative function, in terms of preserving their cultural integrity and extending the Black campus community’s legacy of struggle as well as (b) a transformative function, in terms of challenging and altering the space of the predominantly White campus.
openalex: W2073549179 mag: 2073549179
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Urinary schistosomiasis among school pupils in Ondo and Ekiti states, Nigeria - Olofintoye, L. K.; Odaibo, Abo (The Zoologist, 2009)
openalex: W2087445802 mag: 2087445802
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Education for All and African Indigenous Knowledge Systems - Banda, Dennis (2009)
This book discusses how the mainstreaming of the African Indigenous Knowledge systems (AIKS) into the formal and non-formal educational curricula could enhance the achievement of Education for All (EFA). Many countries, have not achieved the EFA goals. Quality, access, finance, negative traditional practices, use of curricula of assimilation from former colonial powers and credibility of the education offered have been cited as some of the reasons. In this book, particular reference is made to the forms of AIKS practised by the Chewa people of Zambia. The book shows that the Chewa people had an organised system of education, with family, a reflection of the community, as a starting point. This was life long education where everybody was learning and teaching, with learners moving from one phase of learning to another all the time. This book shows that both the school and AIKS are criticalcomponents in the quest for the provision of quality education for all. Theories, models and frameworks of a possible hybridization of AIKS and WKS have been suggested in this book.
openalex: W2698163909 mag: 2698163909
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Perceptual Influence of Ugandan Biology Students’ Understanding of HIV/AIDS - Mutonyi, Harriet; Nashon, Samson Madera; Nielsen, Wendy (Research in Science Education, 2009)
openalex: W1979106811 mag: 1979106811
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An analysis of the pre-storm environment of intense convective systems in West Africa - Mohr, Karen I. (2009)
openalex: W2887048025 mag: 2887048025
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Effect of Family Size on Body Weight and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of Adolescent Female Secondary and University Students in Abia State of Nigeria - Anyika, J. U.; Echendu, C. A. (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009)
openalex: W2005237164 mag: 2005237164
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Ocular Screening among Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Edo State of Nigeria - Okoro, Felicia I.; Okafor, U. F. (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009)
2 Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the visual status of pupils in public primary schools in Edo State of Nigeria aimed at obtaining visual acuity database for instituting intervention programmes. The population of the study was 871,523 pupils (475, 565 or 54.5% males and 395,958 or 45.5% females). The sample size of 360 pupils made up of 50% of each sex was selected from 1074 primary schools in Edo State using multistage procedure. The data were collected using structured interview guide and a visual analog scale-the Snellen chart. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and bar graphic presentations. The results revealed that 322 (89.5%) pupils had normal vision and 38 (10.5%) had impaired vision binocularly while 311 (86.3%) had normal vision and 49 (13.7%) had monocular impaired vision. It was recommended, that testing of pupils' visual acuities on their admission into primary schools (to provide visual baseline data as part of the child's school health record), should be in vogue. Special sitting positioning of pupils based on their acuities (to enhance clearer vision in the classroom) should be i n practice and pupils in the schools with visual abnormalities be referred and followed up for specialist care.
openalex: W2106937590 mag: 2106937590
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Column Elution Experiments on Volcanic Ash: Geochemical Implications for the Main Ethiopian Rift Waters - Rango, Tewodros; Colombani, Nicolò; Mastrocicco, Micòl; Bianchini, Gianluca; Beccaluva, Luigi (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2009)
openalex: W1981683809 mag: 1981683809
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Air pollution monitoring and evaluation framework for South Africa: prioritizing vulnerable communities - Wright, C. (WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, 2009)
Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans.Furthermore, the severity of health outcomes associated with air pollution exposure is not uniform within populations.In South Africa, the problem is exacerbated since several vulnerable communities live in close proximity to pollution sources.The National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act No. 39 of 2004 aims to protect the health of South Africans through the implementation of air quality management plans and monitoring programmes.To assess the effectiveness of these actions and implemented mitigation measures with respect to health outcomes, specific indicators are required.Therefore, the aim was to determine South African-appropriate indicators and health data necessary to successfully evaluate efforts to reduce air pollution and associated adverse human health effects, and to consider mechanisms for accessing and integrating these data into a monitoring and evaluation framework.In a preliminary study, a population air pollution exposure and vulnerability risk prioritization model for potential use by municipal air quality managers was developed.The model included vulnerability factors such as poverty, respiratory and other diseases, lack of education and poor living conditions, all of which are important in areas occupied by previously disadvantaged communities.High-risk areas in terms of air pollution health impacts were identified using a set of indicators that assessed air pollution sources, ambient air pollution levels and air pollution potential, as well as community awareness, observations, perceptions and actions.The model was applied to the eThekwini Municipality (Kwazulu-Natal Province).Data were extracted from multiple sources for a selection of municipal wards and scored to illustrate categorisation of communities to prioritize those vulnerable Environmental Health Risk V 55
openalex: W1965016803 mag: 1965016803
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Oil Pollution of Sediments at Different Beaches of Egypt - Barakat, Ahmed; Ouf, Eman A. (Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects, 2009)
Abstract This study describes the oil pollution of sediments at Mediterranean beaches (in the region between Ma'amoura, Miami, Sidi Beshr) and the Red Sea beaches (in the region between Nozha Beach, Marina, Bent el-Sultan, Golden beach, and Sudr). These marine sediments were examined mainly by sieving, petrographic microscope and then oil was extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. The main target of this analysis is to investigate whether the level of the pollutants are within the safety permissible range or not. Keywords: gas chromatographymarine waterMediterranean Seamicroscopic examinationpollutionRed Sea
openalex: W2024816519 mag: 2024816519
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causes of red eye in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano-Nigeria - Abdu, Lawan (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2009)
The red eye is one of the commonest reasons for presenting to the eye clinic. Red eye due to serious conditions that may threaten patient's vision require early detection and referral to ophthalmologists for prompt care. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and causes of red eye amongst patients' attending the eye clinic over a two year period from 2004 to 2005.The eye clinic register was used to determine the total number of new patients attending the eye clinic and those found to have red eye. The information retrieved included patients age, sex, laterality of the condition and cause of red eye.During the review period 4723 new patients were seen in the eye clinic and 693 patients (14.8%) had red eye. There were 356 males and 337 females (M:F= 1.1:1). Sixty three percent of the patients were below the age of 20 years. The common causes of red eye were allergic conjunctivitis in 40%, microbial conjunctivitis in 17%, corneal ulcer 11% and inflamed pterygium in 11%.Red eye is a common cause of presentation to the eye clinic. Most of the common causes of red eye in our environment are treatable.
openalex: W2081791125 mag: 2081791125
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Reflections on the Digital Divide and its Implications for the Internationalization of Higher Education in a Developing Region: The Case of East Africa - Ayoo, Philip O. (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W1994068830 mag: 1994068830
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Internationalization of Higher Education in Africa: Developments, Emerging Trends, Issues and Policy Implications - Jowi, James Otieno (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W2092009995 mag: 2092009995
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A Library Response to the Massification of Higher Education: The Case of the University of Zambia Library - Kanyengo, Christine Wamunyima (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W2042091623 mag: 2042091623
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Teacher Training for Early Childhood Development and Education in Kenya - Mbugua, Tata (Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 2009)
The training of early childhood development and education (ECDE) teachers in Kenya remains a priority in recognition of the vital role well-trained professionals play in the quality of early childhood experiences for children ages 0+ to 5+. This article provides a detailed overview of the current structure and training of ECDE professionals, including pedagogical strategies and curricular guidelines. Specific attention is given to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology's intersectoral framework for stakeholders and the holistic, child-centered, multidimensional approach to coordinated early childhood development and education. A cross-section of challenges to training ECDE teachers and recommendations are offered.
openalex: W2117022299 mag: 2117022299
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Cooperative Policies and African International Students: Do Policy Spirits Match Experiences? - McLellan, Carlton E. (Higher education policy, 2009)
openalex: W2061457849 mag: 2061457849
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Teacher Qualification and Instructional Delivery Modes at the Preschool Level in Nigeria - Odinko, Monica Ngozi; Williams, Joanne; Donn, Gari (Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 2009)
Through this study researchers sought to evaluate the effects of qualification on instructional delivery modes of practicing preschool teachers in Nigeria. The sample consisted of 93 preschool teachers and 2,859 pupils aged 4 to 5 years. Schools were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure adequate representation of private, public, urban, and rural schools. A questionnaire and two valid and reliable classroom observational instruments were used to record instructional delivery in 216 lessons in 72 preprimary classrooms. Data analysis involved the use of frequency, percentages, t-test, chi-square, and graphical illustrations. The results revealed that none of the teachers observed had preschool education training; teacher whole-class interaction characterized by direct instruction was the prevailing approach; use of play did not feature; whole-class activity occurred more than individual pupil activity monologue, and other distracting behaviors occurred less frequently. The direction of communication was mainly from the teacher to the whole class, whereas the more personal one-to-one communication between teacher and pupil occurred less frequently.
openalex: W2095330398 mag: 2095330398
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Internationalization vs Regionalization of Higher Education in East Africa and the Challenges of Quality Assurance and Knowledge Production - Ogachi, Oanda Ibrahim (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W1987121444 mag: 1987121444
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Internationalization and its Implications for the Quality of Higher Education in Africa - Oyewole, O. B. (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W2004792436 mag: 2004792436
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Supporting Early Childhood Teachers in Guinea-Bissau - Portugal, Gabriela; Aveleira, Ana Paula (Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 2009)
This article presents a reflective report on a project aiming to strengthen educators and improve early childhood education in Guinea-Bissau—one of the poorest countries on the African continent, where preschool teachers have no training and have to face several ongoing difficulties. Helping these Guinea-Bissau teachers to focus on curriculum guidelines and process variables, implement possible ways to influence the level of well-being and involvement of children, and reflect on their team's strategies has proved to be a challenging and fruitful task. Teachers have come up with innovations and have felt empowered and more capable. However, to sustain the dynamic activity and functional structure that has been created within the project, an enabling environment is required. This implies political will and commitment.
openalex: W1983555564 mag: 1983555564
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Social Development and Minimum Standards in Social Work Education in South Africa - Hochfeld, Tessa (Social Work Education, 2009)
This paper evaluates how well South African minimum standards for social work education, known as Exit Level Outcomes, are aligned to a social development paradigm. Developmental social work is a relatively new approach in social work education internationally, and this article can therefore provide lessons for other countries using this paradigm in an education model based on national minimum standards. The complexities and difficulties of using a minimum standards approach in education are discussed and the policy context for the development of these standards in South Africa is explained. The use of a social development framework for the analysis is motivated in relation to its relevance to the social context. Nine criteria for a social development perspective were drawn from the literature to form an analytical framework. A content analysis using this framework was done on the minimum standards. The results show that the minimum standards are generally aligned with social development principles that drive national priorities, but a few significant gaps exist, which are outlined and discussed. This article attempts to grapple with the complexities of using these minimum standards to drive both curricula related and extra curricula activities in social work education in South Africa
openalex: W2092033679 mag: 2092033679
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Influence Of Gender And Learned Helplessness On Some Mathematics-Related Cognitive Behaviour Of Lesotho Senior Secondary School Students - Nenty, HJ; Ogwu, NE (Gender and behaviour, 2009)
Learned helplessness in mathematics has been identified as a problem that significantly influences students‟ performance. This study examines the hypotheses that gender and learned helplessness determines significantly the level performance of Lesotho secondary school students in mathematics. Three hundred and ten students from 12 senior secondary schools completed questionnaires assessing their level of learned helplessness as well as ability in mathematics so far. Using a chi-square and two-way ANOVA, results indicated that gender does not significantly determine the level of learned helplessness in mathematics although they both influence students‟ cognitive behaviour independently; there was no significant interaction between gender and level of learned helplessness. These results were discussed and appropriate recommendations made.
openalex: W2068842109 mag: 2068842109
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Gender Differences In Students’ Response To Corrupt Practices In Nigeria - Onifade, Comfort Adenike; Bodunde, Helen (Gender and behaviour, 2009)
The problem of corruption has become a serious threat to the moral, religious, social, economic and political foundations of Nigeria as a nation. The problem seems to have become a national malady defiling solution in spite of efforts put in place to control it. Many scholars have attested that a large percentage of the population tend more toward corruption. The aim of this case study was to find out the view of the male and female students in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria as it relates to corrupt practices. The study was a survey which employed questionnaire as its major instrument while percentages and t- test were used to analyze the data collected. The findings show that there is no significant difference in the views of the female and male respondents towards corrupt practices. Suggestions were offered on how to solve the problem of corruption in Nigeria.
openalex: W1996819488 mag: 1996819488
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Students' view of a learning method: Opinions of first year medical and dental students in the school of Basical Medical Sciences of University of Lagos, Nigeria, about Problem Based Learning - Oo, Olabiyi; Ai, Aiyegbusi; Cc, Noronha; Ao, Okanlawon (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2009)
Driven by a desire to improve basic medical science education, the department of Anatomy in the College of Medicine University of Lagos introduced the Problem Based Learning (PBL) programme into the Anatomy component of first year Basic medical science training of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos.We conducted a students' assessment of the different aspects of this newly introduced PBL.Structured questionnaires were circulated among first year Medical and Dental students in the School of Basic Medical Sciences of the University. Apart from relevant personal data that would not compromise identity of respondents, we sought to find out through relevant questions students' opinion about various aspects of the programme. The respondents had to grade their responses on a scale of 1 through 5 (representing strongly agree to strongly disagree) to indicate their level of agreement/ disagreement to simple statements designed as completions to a single stem statement.The class generally rated the use of PBL and the activity of the department in the programme high whilst also highlighting the areas of challenges where some major improvements needed to be observed.The established benefits of the PBL approach are reproducible even when implemented newly in a challenging and often times difficult environment in a developing country.
openalex: W1979041797 mag: 1979041797
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An Evaluation Of Academic Stress And Coping Mechanism Among Married Female Students In Nigerian Tartiary Institutions - Toyin, Famoriyo Olubunmi; Akporaro, Abrifor Chiedu (Gender and behaviour, 2009)
The study assessed and evaluated academic stress coping mechanisms adopted by married female students in Nigerian tertiary institutions. This was with the aim of exploring the influence of academic stress on married female students‟ academic performance and their coping strategies used to enhance their academic performances. The quantitative data for this study was collected from 250 stratified and purposively selected married female students from 6 randomly selected faculties in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, through a simple random sampling technique. The quantitative data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews was analysed using the TextBase Beta. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship (2val =17.41, P≤0.0,) between years of marriage and high academic performance among married female students. It was also revealed that age had no significant influence (r-val = (.086), r-cal = (0.19), P ≤ 0.05) on their high academic performance. Finally, this study also showed that there was a significant relationship (r-val .000, r-cal = (0.19, P ≤ 0.05) between adjustment strategies adopted and high academic performance among married female students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. In conclusion, academic activities and pursuit by married female students are stressful period in their academic training. Many married female students experience substantial level of stress as a result of role conflict, which contributes to poor academic performance, academic dishonesty, cynicism, and substance abuse. Also, the various adjustment mechanisms contributed greatly to their high academic performance and achievement.
openalex: W2001254229 mag: 2001254229
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Indications for extraction of permanent teeth in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A 16-year follow-up study - Adeyemo, WL; Oderinu, HO; Oluseye, SB; Taiwo, Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju; Akinwande, JA (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2009)
The aim of the present study was to investigate reasons for permanent tooth extraction at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, and compare this with a study done 16 years previously in the same institution, with a view to evaluating trends in reasons for tooth extractions in the studied environment.A retrospective review of patients who had nonsurgical extraction of their teeth at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between January and December, 2006 was carried out. The following data were retrieved: Age and sex of patients, reason for the extraction and types of tooth removed. The data obtained was compared with similar study done 16 years previously in the same institution.Caries and its sequelae and periodontal diseases were the main reasons for tooth extraction in both study periods. Caries and its sequelae as a reason for dental extraction in the second period increased by a factor of 1.2 in comparison with the first period, whereas periodontal disease as a reason extraction in the second period decreased by a factor of 2.7. In addition, orthodontic reasons and tooth impaction as a reason for dental extraction increased by a factor of 4 and 1.3 in the second period respectively. In both study periods, most extractions were carried out in patients within age group 11-40 years (1990, 77%; 2006, 62.3%). Teeth most frequently extracted were posterior teeth (1990, 89.2%; 2006, 89.4%).Dental caries and its sequelae, and periodontal disease despite being preventable diseases, still remain the two most common reasons for dental extraction in our environment. Therefore, efforts must be made to improve the dental health awareness and status of Nigerian populace to reduce the morbidity associated with the two preventable causes of tooth loss.
openalex: W1981807874 mag: 1981807874
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Knowledge and perceptiion of physiotherapy by final year medical students of a Nigerian university - Odebiyi, Daniel Oluwafemi; Omotunde, A O; Aiyejusunle, C B; Olalekan, Tijani Abdul-Rasheed (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2009)
It has been shown that multidisciplinary interactions have become a feature of the changing medical education system. It is not clear to what extent medical students have been integrated into this newer model, more especially at the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos (CMUL), AIM: To assess the level of knowledge and perception of physiotherapy by the final year medical students of CMUL about physiotherapy.Ninety eight final year medical students of CMUL participated in the study. They were required to complete a standard 22 item closed-ended questionnaire which was self administered. Data were presented as mean +/- standard deviation; Inferential statistics of chi-square and t-tests were used to compare differences between variables.The respondents displayed above average knowledge of physiotherapy as the mean scores obtained for knowledge of physiotherapy were 20.25 +/- 4.50 and 18.77 +/- 4.60 for males and females respectively. They also showed a fair perception towards physiotherapy as the mean scores obtained were 32.70 +/- 7.20 and 34.33 +/- 7.30 for males and females respectively. However there was a significant gender difference in the medical students' knowledge of physiotherapy (p < 0.05).The sampled final year medical students of CMUL had a good knowledge and fair perception of physiotherapy. Their main source of knowledge was classroom lectures. The need for further education of medical students with particular emphasis on clinical interaction was identified. It is hereby suggested that interprofessional courses and communication should be given greater attention during medical training.
openalex: W1968702076 mag: 1968702076
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Knowledge and perceptiion of physiotherapy by final year medical students of a Nigerian university - Odebiyi, Daniel Oluwafemi; Omotunde, A O; Aiyejusunle, C B; Olalekan, Tijani Abdul-Rasheed (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2009)
It has been shown that multidisciplinary interactions have become a feature of the changing medical education system. It is not clear to what extent medical students have been integrated into this newer model, more especially at the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos (CMUL), AIM: To assess the level of knowledge and perception of physiotherapy by the final year medical students of CMUL about physiotherapy.Ninety eight final year medical students of CMUL participated in the study. They were required to complete a standard 22 item closed-ended questionnaire which was self administered. Data were presented as mean +/- standard deviation; Inferential statistics of chi-square and t-tests were used to compare differences between variables.The respondents displayed above average knowledge of physiotherapy as the mean scores obtained for knowledge of physiotherapy were 20.25 +/- 4.50 and 18.77 +/- 4.60 for males and females respectively. They also showed a fair perception towards physiotherapy as the mean scores obtained were 32.70 +/- 7.20 and 34.33 +/- 7.30 for males and females respectively. However there was a significant gender difference in the medical students' knowledge of physiotherapy (p < 0.05).The sampled final year medical students of CMUL had a good knowledge and fair perception of physiotherapy. Their main source of knowledge was classroom lectures. The need for further education of medical students with particular emphasis on clinical interaction was identified. It is hereby suggested that interprofessional courses and communication should be given greater attention during medical training.
openalex: W1968702076 mag: 1968702076
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Comparing the specificity and sensitivity of nitrate and leucocyte tests on multistick in screening for urinary tract infections amongst pregnant woment at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Nigeria - Onakoya, J A A; Amole, O.O.; Ogunsanya, Olubunmi; Tayo, O.S (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2009)
This study was carried out to determine a very reliable and rapid screening test using multistick (or multistix), microscopy, and culture methods for urinary tract infections (UTI) in pregnant women attending the antenatal booking clinic (ANC) of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria.A group of 352 pregnant women were randomly selected at the antenatal booking clinic and evaluated for urinary tract infections (UTI) using the above mentioned screening test methods. The ages of patients ranged from 20 to 40 years, with the 31-35 age range accounting for over 42% of the study population, and two-thirds of them being multigravidae.Positive urine culture with significant bacteriuria was found in 163 patients which was 46.3%. One hundred and thirty three (133) of this number did not present with urinary symptoms at all, although pair urine culture was positive with significant bacteriuria. Also, eleven patients of the study population has urinary symptoms but their urine culture did not yield any significant growth, after 48 hours of incubation.It was found in this study that leucocyte dipstick test has excellent specificity (90.5%) but not a very good sensitivity (28.8%), when compared with nitrite dipstick which has a specificity of 78.8% and sensitivity of 56.4%.
openalex: W1990929650 mag: 1990929650
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Perceptions of doctors to adverse drug reaction reporting in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria - Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Awobusuyi, J O (BMC clinical pharmacology, 2009)
Spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance. ADR reporting with Yellow Cards has tremendously improved pharmacovigilance of drugs in many developed countries and its use is advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study was aimed at investigating the knowledge and attitude of doctors in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria on spontaneous ADR reporting and to suggest possible ways of improving this method of reporting. A total of 120 doctors working at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), in Nigeria were evaluated with a questionnaire for their knowledge and attitudes to ADR reporting. The questionnaire sought the demographics of the doctors, their knowledge and attitudes to ADR reporting, the factors that they perceived may influence ADR reporting, and their levels of education and training on ADR reporting. Provision was also made for suggestions on the possible ways to improve ADR reporting. The response rate was 82.5%. A majority of the respondents (89, 89.9%) considered doctors as the most qualified health professionals to report ADRs. Forty (40.4%) of the respondents knew about the existence of National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC) in Nigeria. Thirty-two (32.3%) respondents were aware of the Yellow Card reporting scheme but only two had ever reported ADRs to the NPC. About half (48.5%) of the respondents felt that all serious ADRs could be identified after drug marketing. There was a significant difference between the proportion of respondents who felt that ADR reporting should be either compulsory or voluntary (χ2 = 38.9, P < 0.001). ADR reporting was encouraged if the reaction was serious (77, 77.8%) and unusual (70, 70.7%). Education and training was the most recognised means of improving ADR reporting. The knowledge of ADRs and how to report them are inadequate among doctors working in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. More awareness should be created on the Yellow Card reporting scheme. Continuous medical education, training and integration of ADR reporting into the clinical activities of the doctors would likely improve reporting.
openalex: W2077393410 mag: 2077393410
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Biomass fuel use and indoor air pollution in homes in Malawi - Fullerton, Duncan; Semple, Sean; Kalambo, Francis; Suseno, Ahmad; Malamba, Rose; Henderson, George; Ayres, Jon G.; Gordon, Stephen B. (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2009)
Background: Air pollution from biomass fuels in Africa is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity both in adults and children.The work describes the nature and quantity of smoke exposure from biomass fuel in Malawian homes.Methods: Markers of indoor air quality were measured in 62 homes (31 rural and 31 urban) over a typical 24 h period.Four different devices were used (one gravimetric device, two photometric devices and a carbon monoxide (HOBO) monitor.Gravimetric samples were analysed for transition metal content.Data on cooking and lighting fuel type together with information on indicators of socioeconomic status were collected by questionnaire.Results: Respirable dust levels in both the urban and rural environment were high with the mean (SD) 24 h average levels being 226 mg/m 3 (206 mg/m 3 ).Data from real-time instruments indicated respirable dust concentrations were .250mg/m 3 for .1 h per day in 52% of rural homes and 17% of urban homes.Average carbon monoxide levels were significantly higher in urban compared with rural homes (6.14 ppm vs 1.87 ppm; p,0.001).The transition metal content of the smoke was low, with no significant difference found between urban and rural homes.Conclusions: Indoor air pollution levels in Malawian homes are high.Further investigation is justified because the levels that we have demonstrated are hazardous and are likely to be damaging to health.Interventions should be sought to reduce exposure to concentrations less harmful to health.
openalex: W2151043997 mag: 2151043997
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“So what are we supposed to do?” - HIV prevention and renegotiating students’ sexual identities in a South African rural black community - Glimmerveen, L.M. (2009)
openalex: W76271586 mag: 76271586
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Increasing leadership capacity for HIV/AIDS programmes by strengthening public health epidemiology and management training in Zimbabwe - Jones, Donna; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Woelk, Godfrey; Nsubuga, Peter; Sunderland, Naomi; Hader, Shannon; Louis, Michael E. St. (Human Resources for Health, 2009)
Increased funding for global human immunodeficiency virus prevention and control in developing countries has created both a challenge and an opportunity for achieving long-term global health goals. This paper describes a programme in Zimbabwe aimed at responding more effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic by reinforcing a critical competence-based training institution and producing public health leaders.The programme used new HIV/AIDS programme-specific funds to build on the assets of a local education institution to strengthen and expand the general public health leadership capacity in Zimbabwe, simultaneously ensuring that they were trained in HIV interventions.The programme increased both numbers of graduates and retention of faculty. The expanded HIV/AIDS curriculum was associated with a substantial increase in trainee projects related to HIV. The increased number of public health professionals has led to a number of practically trained persons working in public health leadership positions in the ministry, including in HIV/AIDS programmes.Investment of a modest proportion of new HIV/AIDS resources in targeted public health leadership training programmes can assist in building capacity to lead and manage national HIV and other public health programmes.
openalex: W2015082770 mag: 2015082770
Keywords: openalex:import

Optic neuropathy endemic in secondary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Bowman, Richard; Wedner, Susanne H.; Bowman, Ross; Masanja, Honorati; Bunce, Catey; Wood, Mark; Gilbert, Clare (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009)
Aim To investigate the prevalence and causes of optic neuropathy, reported as epidemic in 1997, among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Patients and methods First year students (n = 10 892) from 63 secondary schools located within 30 km from the base hospital were interviewed and had a visual acuity (VA) screening test. Students failing the 6/12-line in either eye were defined as having “poor eyesight” and referred to the base hospital where an optometrist re-tested VA and refracted them. An ophthalmologist examined students with VA of 6/12 or worse in either eye and visual impairment was defined as VA of worse than 6/12 with best correction. Associations between optic neuropathy, socioeconomic status and educational results were investigated. Results Students9 ages ranged from 12 to 22 (mean 15.2) years; 50.6% were male. The prevalence of optic neuropathy was 0.3 (SD 0.051)%. The condition affected older students and was associated with the family having fewer economic possessions (car, computer, television). Optic neuropathy accounted for 19/33 (58%) of bilateral visual impairment cases. No effect of the disease on educational performance was identified. Conclusion Optic neuropathy remains a significant problem in this population and can now be termed endemic rather than epidemic. Further research into its causes is required.
openalex: W2133288075 mag: 2133288075
Keywords: openalex:import

Current Patterns of Prehospital Trauma Care in Kampala, Uganda and the Feasibility of a Lay-First-Responder Training Program - Jayaraman, Sudha; Mabweijano, Jacqueline; Lipnick, Michael S; Caldwell, Nolan; Miyamoto, Justin; Wangoda, Robert; Mijumbi, Cephas; Hsia, Renee Y.; Dicker, Rochelle; Ozgediz, Doruk (World Journal of Surgery, 2009)
Abstract Background Uganda currently has no organized prehospital emergency system. We sought to measure the current burden of injury seen by lay people in Kampala, Uganda and to determine the feasibility of a lay first‐responder training program. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of current prehospital care providers in Kampala: police officers, minibus taxi drivers, and Local Council officials, and collected data on types and frequencies of emergencies witnessed, barriers to aid provision, history of training, and current availability of first‐aid supplies. A context‐appropriate course on basic first‐aid for trauma was designed and implemented. We measured changes in trainees’ fund of knowledge before and after training. Results A total of 309 lay people participated in the study, and during the previous 6 months saw 18 traumatic emergencies each; 39% saw an injury‐related death. The most common injury mechanisms were road crashes, assault, and burns. In these cases, 90% of trainees provided some aid, most commonly lifting (82%) or transport (76%). Fifty‐two percent of trainees had previous first‐aid training, 44% had some access to equipment, and 32% had ever purchased a first‐aid kit. Before training, participants answered 45% of test questions correctly (mean %) and this increased to 86% after training ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions Lay people witness many emergencies and deaths in Kampala, Uganda and provide much needed care but are ill‐prepared to do so. A context‐appropriate prehospital trauma care course can be developed and improve lay people’s knowledge of basic trauma care. The effectiveness of such a training program needs to be evaluated prospectively.
openalex: W1968323491 mag: 1968323491
Keywords: openalex:import

Analysis of Spatial Awareness of HIV-AIDS amongst Students of Tertiary Institutions in Edo State, Nigeria - Magnus, Ojeifo O.; Gbakeji, Julius O. (Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 2009)
This study examines the spatial awareness of HIV-AIDS among students of tertiary institutions in Edo State Nigeria. Four higher institutions were selected for this study in the state and primary data were obtained from these institutions using questionnaire and personal observation. Secondary data used were obtained from published materials. The analysis of the data showed that awareness of HIV-AIDS in the high institutions is relatively high and most of the students were aware of its existence. Inspite of this, students were still found to be involved in acts capable of spreading the disease. Several measures were however recommended as a way of reducing the spread of the disease and treatment of infected persons.
openalex: W160988982 mag: 160988982
Keywords: openalex:import

Heavy metals pollution at municipal solid waste dumpsites in Kano and Kaduna states in Nigeria - Anake, Winifred U.; Adie, Gilbert U.; Osibanjo, Oladele (Bulletin of The Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2009)
Soil samples collected from two major dumpsites each in Kano and Kaduna states were investigated for heavy metals pollution. Each of the dumpsite was divided into north, south, east and west. Four soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm from each part and pooled to form a composite sample. Soil samples from reserve areas within the same geographical locations as the dumpsites were collected as control. Acid-extractable cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) were determined using 2 M nitric acidsolution and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The ranges of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb levels for all the dumpsites were 0.30–49.8, 5.76–139, 0.39–19.1 and 42.6–9662 mg/kg, respectively. Kano dumpsite 2 was found to pollute mostwith Cd, Cr and Pb in 50-100 % soil samples collected having concentrations higher than the threshold limits set by regulatory body. Paper and food scraps showed higher percentages in both Kano and Kaduna dumpsites. Thesoil was high is sand for all the dumpsites implying high leaching potentials of the heavy metals pollutants.
openalex: W2008881258 mag: 2008881258
Keywords: openalex:import

Information literacy among undergraduate students in Niger Delta University - Baro, Emmanuel E.; Fyneman, Biokuromoye (The Electronic Library, 2009)
Purpose Research is carried out in the Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to determine the undergraduate students' level of awareness of information sources available in the university, to know their level of digital literacy and to determine the different search strategies used by them. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a descriptive survey method and covers the 350 undergraduate students of the four departments in the Faculty of Social Sciences: Economics, Sociology, Political Science, and Geography and Environmental Studies, from which a sample of 105 students is drawn. A questionnaire tagged “Information Literacy among Undergraduate Students of Social Sciences Questionnaire (ILUSSSQ)” is designed to collect data for the paper. Findings The paper reveals that male students in the faculty are more aware and use the information sources available in the university more than the female students. There is significant difference between gender and search strategies used by the undergraduate students in the social sciences. Male students are more digitally literate, they utilize the internet facilities provided in the university library, use different search engines and utilize the CD‐ROMs in the e‐library section more than the female students. Originality/value The paper will enable librarians to intensify their efforts to educate students on how and where to search and source for information, and how to evaluate information to meet their information needs.
openalex: W2068277751 mag: 2068277751
Keywords: openalex:import

Cancelation of elective surgical case in a teaching hospital, South-western Nigeria - Oguntola, AS; Agodirin, Sulaiman Olayide; Adeleke, BA; Adeoti, ML; Olatoke, AS (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2009)
openalex: W2081741889 mag: 2081741889
Keywords: openalex:import

Serum lips and lipoproteins in healthy urban Nigerian school children - Okesina, AB; Erasmus, R T (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2009)
openalex: W2074377122 mag: 2074377122
Keywords: openalex:import

Healthy Eating and Harambee: Curriculum Development for a Culturally-Centered Bio-Medically Oriented Nutrition Education Program to Reach African American Women of Childbearing Age - Kannan, Srimathi; Sparks, Arlene; Webster, J. DeWitt; Krishnakumar, Ambika; Lumeng, Julie C. (Maternal and child health journal, 2009)
The purpose was to develop, implement and evaluate a peer-led nutrition curriculum Healthy Eating and Harambee that addresses established objectives of maternal and infant health and to shift the stage for African American women of childbearing age in Genesee County toward healthier dietary patterns using a socio-cultural and biomedical orientation. The PEN-3 model, which frames culture in the context of health promotion interventions, was integrated with the Transtheoretical Model to guide this 13-week pre-test/post-test curriculum. Materials developed included soul food plate visuals, a micronutrient availability worksheet, a fruit stand, and gardening kits. Learning activities included affirmations, stories, case-scenarios, point-of-purchase product recognition, church health teams, and community health fairs. We investigated health-promoting dietary behaviors (consumption of more fruits and vegetables (F&V), serving more F&V to their families, and moderating dietary sodium and fat intakes), and biomedical behaviors (self-monitoring blood pressure and exercising) across five stages of change. Session attendance and program satisfaction were assessed. N = 102 women participated (mean age = 27.5 years). A majority (77%) reported adopting at least one healthy eating behavior (moderating sodium, serving more F&V to their families), 23% adopted at least two such behaviors (reading food labels for sodium; using culinary herbs/spices; serving more F&V to their families), and 45% adopted both dietary (moderating sodium; eating more fruits) and biomedical behaviors. Participants and facilitators favorably evaluated the curriculum and suggested improvements. A multi-conceptual approach coupled with cultural and biomedical tailoring has potential to promote young African American women’s movement to more advanced stages of change and improve self-efficacy for fruit and vegetable intake, dietary sodium moderation, and self-monitoring blood pressure and physical activity.
openalex: W2158785459 mag: 2158785459
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of training and development on worker performance and productivity in public sector organizations: a case study of Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority - Laing, Irene Ferguson (2009)
A Thesis submitted to the Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Commonwealth Executive Master OF Business Administration (CEMBA, June-2009
openalex: W2132309184 mag: 2132309184
Keywords: openalex:import

“I don’t think we can get used to having one girlfriend”: Dealing with multiple partnerships in a South African HIV/AIDS awareness program for secondary school pupils in a rural area. - Brands, Martien (2009)
openalex: W61836109 mag: 61836109
Keywords: openalex:import

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Impacts of climate change on the vegetation of Africa: an adaptive dynamic vegetation modelling approach - Scheiter, Simon; Higgins, Steven I. (Global Change Biology, 2009)
Abstract Recent IPCC projections suggest that Africa will be subject to particularly severe changes in atmospheric conditions. How the vegetation of Africa and particularly the grassland–savanna–forest complex will respond to these changes has rarely been investigated. Most studies on global carbon cycles use vegetation models that do not adequately account for the complexity of the interactions that shape the distribution of tropical grasslands, savannas and forests. This casts doubt on their ability to reliably simulate the future vegetation of Africa. We present a new vegetation model, the adaptive dynamic global vegetation model (aDGVM) that was specifically developed for tropical vegetation. The aDGVM combines established components from existing DGVMs with novel process‐based and adaptive modules for phenology, carbon allocation and fire within an individual‐based framework. Thus, the model allows vegetation to adapt phenology, allocation and physiology to changing environmental conditions and disturbances in a way not possible in models based on fixed functional types. We used the model to simulate the current vegetation patterns of Africa and found good agreement between model projections and vegetation maps. We simulated vegetation in absence of fire and found that fire suppression strongly influences tree dominance at the regional scale while at a continental scale fire suppression increases biomass in vegetation by a more modest 13%. Simulations under elevated temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations predicted longer growing periods, higher allocation to roots, higher fecundity, more biomass and a dramatic shift toward tree dominated biomes. Our analyses suggest that the CO 2 fertilization effect is not saturated at ambient CO 2 levels and will strongly increase in response to further increases in CO 2 levels. The model provides a general and flexible framework for describing vegetation response to the interactive effects of climate and disturbances.
openalex: W2136066577 mag: 2136066577
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and development of human resource in customs excise and preventive service (CEPS) in Ghana - Yawson, Frank (2009)
openalex: W1527496836 mag: 1527496836
Keywords: openalex:import

Integrating the Internet with the Curriculum of Office Education Programme in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria - Amoor, S.S. (The information Manager (Zaria), 2009)
The Internet is one of the latest technological breakthroughs in the history of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).Many government establishments, parastatals and private organizations use it for business transactions.Consequently, these organizations demand secretaries that are very knowledgeable and versatile in the use of Internet.Unfortunately, many secretaries do not possess Internet skills.The paper looks at the role of the Internet in office education programme and the justification to integrate the Internet studies into the curriculum of office education programme at the tertiary institutions so as to expose the secretarial students to the knowledge and competencies of the Internet in the school environment before they face the world of work.It recommends among others the Internet courses to be integrated into the curriculum of Secretarial Education programme that will make secretarial graduates very relevant to the labour market.
openalex: W2002539423 mag: 2002539423
Keywords: openalex:import

The Consequences of Drought and Desertification in Nigeria - Idris, Nasiru Medugu; Majid, Mohammed Rafee; Johar, Foziah (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with an estimated population of over 140 million and a total land area of 923,773 km2. The country is currently losing about 351,000 ha annually to advancing desert and such conditions are estimated to be advancing southwards at the rate of about 0.6 km per year. The dunes are threatening life-supporting oasis, burying water points, and in some cases, engulfing major roads in the affected areas. Trees planted by the government as shelterbelts to check the advancing dunes are withering due to the lack of attention. This paper highlights the state of desertification in Nigeria, the historical trends, the past national efforts, as well as the ongoing and planned measures for combating this fast-spreading desert condition. It further reveals the failures of the past national efforts - projects that have not been designed to adequately tackle the problems of drought and desertification, projects that are not in line with the stated government policies, duplications in some projects, lack of adequate manpower and inadequate funding - and some selected ongoing government projects. These, among others, constitute the major factors for the failure in combating desertification and mitigating the effect of drought in Nigeria.
openalex: W1551126792 mag: 1551126792
Keywords: openalex:import

Correlates of Condom Use Among Male High School Students in Nairobi, Kenya - Kabiru, Caroline W.; Orpinas, Pamela (Journal of School Health, 2009)
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Correct and consistent condom use is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examines sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics of 3 groups of adolescent males: consistent, sporadic, and non‐condom users. METHODS: The sample consisted of 931 sexually experienced male high school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Cross tabulations and general linear models were used to test the relation between each explanatory variable and condom user group. RESULTS: Fifty‐three percent of respondents reported having used condoms. Compared with nonusers and sporadic users, consistent users engaged in sexual intercourse for the first time at an older age and reported higher condom use self‐efficacy, more positive peer attitudes toward safe sex, and stronger attitudes toward condom use. Compared with sporadic and consistent users, nonusers reported fewer sexual partners, less substance use, and more frequent intercourse with non‐romantic partners. Sporadic users, compared with the other 2 groups, had more sexual partners and stronger attitudes that support that males and females have separate roles. The 3 groups did not differ in HIV/AIDS knowledge. On average, respondents responded correctly to two thirds of the questions. All groups perceived their risk of contracting an STI as low, and this perception did not differ by condom use. Differences in participants' age by group were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the need for interventions that target specific condom use groups.
openalex: W2000727326 mag: 2000727326
Keywords: openalex:import

Utilization of Web-Based Resources for Medical Research and Education by Health Professionals at the College of Medicine, Ibadan Nigeria - Olubunmi, Olorunsaye Joseph (Samaru Journal of Information Studies, 2009)
A survey was conducted to determine the use of web-based information resources for medical research and education by the health professionals in University College Hospital, Ibadan.Questionnaires were administered to the health professionals in various departments in the Hospital.The results showed a low level of use in spite of high awareness level.This was due inter-alia, to lack of information technology skills, fluctuation of electricity, non-access to useful medical information internet addresses.The study recommends compulsory intensive training for the health professionals.The medical librarian should organize massive awareness workshops on useful medical information websites and constantly circulate.
openalex: W2100240569 mag: 2100240569
Keywords: openalex:import

US sight impaired tourists vow to market Tanzania - Philemon, Beatrice (2009)
openalex: W3210292410 mag: 3210292410
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of changes in state funding of higher education on higher education output in South Africa: 1986–2007 - Villiers, A.P. de; Steyn, A. G. W. (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
During the last two decades state funding of higher education in South Africa has decreased substantially (especially if public expenditure of HE as a percentage of GDP is used as a yardstick). HE institutions were forced to increase tuition fees and rely more on the third income stream to balance their books. In the process increases in instruction/research staff did not keep up with the increase in student numbers. During the period 1986–2003 qualifications awarded to students per full-time equivalent instruction/research staff member increased over time – indicating greaterefficiency of the HE sector in delivering more teaching output. High-level research in the form of publication units in accredited journals, however, stagnated during this period. In recent years until 2007, however, publications in accredited journals increased substantially. This was mainly the result of broadening the number of accredited journals by the Department of Education. In this article two indicators, linked to the currentfunding formula for higher education, to measure academic output of HEIs are defined and applied to the output of institutions for the period since 2002. It is concluded that there is large variability between HEIs as far as teaching and research output are concerned. A cause for concern is that the majority of the research is conducted by just a few HE institutions.
openalex: W2134005815 mag: 2134005815
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors Influencing the Choice of Geography as an Optional Subject: A Case of a Senior Secondary School in Botswana - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele (Journal of Social Sciences, 2009)
This paper examines the factors which influence the choice of geography by final year students as an optional subject in a Botswana senior secondary school. It is often the case that a year to their final year in school, it is mandatory for students to offer some compulsory (core) subjects such as English and Mathematics, and Setswana but also have to choose some courses from a given list of optional subjects. In recent years, it has been observed that more students opt for geography from the list of available optional subjects. What factors influence those students opting for geography at the expense of other optional subjects in the same category? What are the implications for teacher education at this level of education? These and other related questions form the basis of this investigation. Data were collected from a sample of 218 final year students from a senior secondary school in Gaborone with the use of an instrument titled ‘’Students’ Choice of Geography.” A major finding was the preference of Geography by students because of its relationship with their intended careers. The implications of this study, among others, include the organization of frequent workshops to students and the need to tailor teacher education curriculum to include career choice and the effective use of counseling facilities in schools.
openalex: W2188825746 mag: 2188825746
Keywords: openalex:import

Information and communication technology for decision-making in the Higher Education in Yemen: A review - Alsurori, Muneer; Salim, Juhana (2009)
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly becoming very important for supporting decision-making processes. In fact, the Ministry of Higher Education in Yemen recognizes such roles and therefore, initiated a process for development ICT policy for Higher Education in Yemen. The overall goal of this paper is to review recent progress made at the policy and operational levels regarding the utilization of ICT in supporting decision making in the Ministry of Higher Education in Yemen. This paper tries to analyze whether policy and operational changes in the higher education sector in Yemen are adequately inspiring for positive impact to meet the challenge of ICT integration for decision making. Furthermore, this paper seeks to figure out possible policy implication that put forward adequate emphasis on the integration ICT for supporting decision-making processes to ensure maximum use of ICT potentials in the higher education systems in Yemen.
openalex: W2168135982 mag: 2168135982
Keywords: openalex:import

Information and communication technology for decision-making in the Higher Education in Yemen: A review - Alsurori, Muneer; Salim, Juhana (2009)
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly becoming very important for supporting decision-making processes. In fact, the Ministry of Higher Education in Yemen recognizes such roles and therefore, initiated a process for development ICT policy for Higher Education in Yemen. The overall goal of this paper is to review recent progress made at the policy and operational levels regarding the utilization of ICT in supporting decision making in the Ministry of Higher Education in Yemen. This paper tries to analyze whether policy and operational changes in the higher education sector in Yemen are adequately inspiring for positive impact to meet the challenge of ICT integration for decision making. Furthermore, this paper seeks to figure out possible policy implication that put forward adequate emphasis on the integration ICT for supporting decision-making processes to ensure maximum use of ICT potentials in the higher education systems in Yemen.
openalex: W2168135982 mag: 2168135982
Keywords: openalex:import

Synchronising pedagogy and musical experiences in early childhood: addressing challenges in preschool music education in Kenya - Andang'o, Elizabeth J. A. (Early Child Development and Care, 2009)
This paper examines pedagogy in early childhood music education and the resultant learning experiences in music for children in Kenyan preschools. Two important principles proposed for the synchronisation of teaching and learning in early childhood music education are cultural relevance and developmental appropriateness. These terms are operationalised to suit the Kenyan context. The study described here examined pedagogical practices and children’s musical activities from both cultural and psychological perspectives, based on the rationale that music education should be both culturally relevant and developmentally appropriate. Results suggested that little planning was carried out prior to musical activities, and that the activities did not always benefit all the children. The results of this study may be applicable to early childhood music education in a significant number of Kenyan preschools, since the majority of preschool teachers are trained using the same curriculum countrywide, hence their approach to music education is bound to have many commonalities.
openalex: W2072286220 mag: 2072286220
Keywords: openalex:import

Variability in Regional Access to Higher Education in Nigeria: Implication for Equity and Even Development among the Niger Delta States - Arubayi, Eric; Ikoya, Peter O. (Journal of Social Sciences (Print), 2009)
This research examined regional disparity in the establishment and distribution of higher educational institutions in Nigeria, and the implications for access and even development, as it relates to states in the Niger Delta Region of the South-South Geopolitical zone of Southern Nigeria. Adopting the ex post facto design, an analysis of current existing data on the distribution of universities in the Southern states of Nigeria was done. Findings from data analyzed show clear variability in regional distribution of universities, consequently occasioning disparity in regional access to university education. It was accordingly recommended that the principle of equity should also be constitutionally sustained, and its provisions upheld, in the distribution of higher educational institutions in Nigeria, as is currently done under the “quota admissions and employment” provisions.
openalex: W2256371367 mag: 2256371367
Keywords: openalex:import

Scientific publication productivity of Libyan medical schools: a bibliometric study of papers listed in PubMed, 1988-2007. - Benamer, Hani Ts; Bredan, Amin; Bakoush, Omran (PubMed, 2009)
Scientific publication is a vital mission of medical schools and it is important to periodically document how well schools fulfil this mission.This study aimed to analyse the publication record of Libyan medical schools in international journals indexed in PubMed between 1988 and 2007.Medline was searched using PubMed for publications affiliated to Libya during 1988-2007.Out of 417 papers related to Libya, 348 (84%) are affiliated to the medical schools and related hospitals. More than 60% of the 348 papers are affiliated to Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, while Al-Fateh Medical University, Tripoli, contributed 103 papers (30%). The rest of the papers (n=25, 7%) were published by medical schools in other parts of the country. The publication rate declined by 3% annually between 1988 and 2007. The decline was mainly due to a decrease in the publication rate by Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi. Overall, nine departments produced 10 or more papers each. Out of about 1675 staff members, there are only 148 first authors and 207 last authors. The estimated annual publication rate is 0.7 papers per 100 academic staff members.This study reveals that published scholarship of the Libyan medical schools is extremely low, that the publication rate has declined, and that most academic staff have no publications listed in PubMed. This issue needs urgent attention.
openalex: W2239997834 mag: 2239997834
Keywords: openalex:import

Corporate social responsibility of African and Middle East mobile operators towards climate change and the potential impact of its carbon footprint - Biewenga, Reiner (2009)
openalex: W143546785 mag: 143546785
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The Success of France’s Youth: Children of Algerian Descent in the Classroom - Boyd, Marisa (Review of European and Russian affairs, 2009)
The purpose of this exploratory research is to elucidate the connection between the institution of the French educational system and its function as a vehicle of integration for the children of immigrants. Focusing on those of Algerian descent, this paper asks if and how the educational system is failing this particular demographic. By contextualising colonial France in Algeria, this paper shows the connection between history and the educational institution as it relates to contemporary French culture. This paper argues that the French educational system, although well established, does not recognise nor meet the needs of the multi-ethnic classroom. By identifying integration as a key player, this paper explores the relationships between citizenship and integration and how perceptions of both concepts are produced and reproduced in the school system. This paper notes the need for a shift in the current discourse for the “second generation” from one of “immigrants and immigration” to a more precise discourse on ethnic minorities.
openalex: W4256055883
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The Success of France’s Youth: Children of Algerian Descent in the Classroom - Boyd, Marisa (Canadian journal of European and Russian studies, 2009)
The purpose of this exploratory research is to elucidate the connection between the institution of the French educational system and its function as a vehicle of integration for the children of immigrants. Focusing on those of Algerian descent, this paper asks if and how the educational system is failing this particular demographic. By contextualising colonial France in Algeria, this paper shows the connection between history and the educational institution as it relates to contemporary French culture. This paper argues that the French educational system, although well established, does not recognise nor meet the needs of the multi-ethnic classroom. By identifying integration as a key player, this paper explores the relationships between citizenship and integration and how perceptions of both concepts are produced and reproduced in the school system. This paper notes the need for a shift in the current discourse for the “second generation” from one of “immigrants and immigration” to a more precise discourse on ethnic minorities.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v5i1.202
openalex: W2182903907 mag: 2182903907
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Closing the Gap: A Group Counseling Approach to Improve Test Performance of African-American Students - Bruce, Angelia M.; Getch, Yvette Q.; Ziomek‐Daigle, Jolie (Professional School Counseling, 2009)
This article evaluated the impact of a group counseling intervention on African-American students' achievement rates during the spring administration of high-stakes testing at a rural high school in Georgia. Eighty percent of eligible students who participated in the intervention received passing scores on the four sections tested during the spring administration of the Georgia High School Graduation Tests (GHSGT), and all participating students received passing scores on the English Language Arts and Math sections of the GHSGT. Additionally, the achievement gap between African-American students and White students on the Enhanced Math narrowed during the 2007-2008 testing period, with 63.2% of African-American students achieving pass rates as compared to 70.5% of White students. The pass rate increased from the 38.7% pass rate among African-American students from the previous school year, indicating that the intervention was successful in improving pass rates on high-stakes testing. Implications for profe...
openalex: W1988083025 mag: 1988083025
Keywords: openalex:import

Closing the Gap: A Group Counseling Approach to Improve Test Performance of African-American Students - Bruce, Angelia M.; Getch, Yvette Q.; Ziomek‐Daigle, Jolie (Professional School Counseling, 2009)
This article evaluated the impact of a group counseling intervention on African-American students’ achievement rates during the spring administration of high-stakes testing at a rural high school in Georgia. Eighty percent ofeligible students who participated in the intervention received passing scores on the four sections tested during the spring administration of the Georgia High School Graduation Tests (GHSGT), and all participating students received passing scores on the English Language Arts and Math sections of the GHSGT. Additionally, the achievement gap between African-American students and White students on the Enhanced Math narrowed during the 2007-2008 testing period, with 63.2% of African-American students achieving pass rates as compared to 70.5% of White students. The pass rate increased from the 38.7% pass rate among African-American students from the previous school year, indicating that the intervention was successful in improving pass rates on high-stakes testing. Implications for professional school counselors include utilizing the practice of group counseling and disaggregating data to promote achievement among underachieving student subsets.
openalex: W4254256987
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching in Uganda: Whatever Became of Rukia? - Burton, T. L. (Teacher: The National Education Magazine, 2009)
What became of Rukia? This is a question I often ask myself. Did she go on to university when she left school, as her talents demanded? Did she become a teacher? A writer, perhaps, or a lawyer? Did she settle down to a conventional village life, with a fistful of children, and now grandchildren? Was she killed in one of Africa's political or ethnic purges? Did she die of AIDS? Is she still alive? Is that mischievous smile still bowling people over? Rukia was one of the senior girls in the school I was posted to, after finishing my Dip Ed, in East Africa 40 odd years ago. Forty years on, Tom Burton remembers teaching William Thackeray's Vanity Fair - and the famous sofa scene - in the north of Uganda.
openalex: W2281564580 mag: 2281564580
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The AMMA-CATCH experiment in the cultivated Sahelian area of south-west Niger – Investigating water cycle response to a fluctuating climate and changing environment - Cappelaere, Bernard; Descroix, Luc; Lebel, Thierry; Boulain, N.; Ramier, David; Laurent, Jean‐Paul; Favreau, Guillaume; Boubkraoui, Stéphane; Boucher, Marie; Moussa, I. Bouzou; Chaffard, Véronique; Hiernaux, Pierre; et al. (Journal of Hydrology, 2009)
Among the three sites distributed along the West African latitudinal gradient in the AMMA-CATCH observation system, the experimental setup in the Niamey area of south-west Niger samples the cultivated Sahel environment, for hydrological, vegetation and land surface processes. The objective is to investigate relationships between climate, land cover, and the water cycle, in a rapidly changing semiarid environment. This paper first presents the main characteristics of the area, where previous research, including the EPSAT and HAPEX-Sahel experiments, had evidenced a widespread decadal increase in water resources, concurrently with severe drought conditions. The specifics of AMMA-CATCH research and data acquisition at this site, over the long-term (∼2001–2010) and enhanced (∼2005–2008) observation periods, are introduced. Objectives and observation strategy are explained, and the main characteristics of instrument deployment are detailed. A very large number of parameters – covering rainfall, vegetation ecophysiology, phenology and production, surface fluxes of energy, water vapour and CO2, runoff and sediment, pond water, soil moisture, and groundwater – were monitored at local to meso scales in a nested structure of sites. The current state of knowledge is summarized, connecting processes and patterns of variation for rainfall, vegetation/land cover, and the terrestrial hydrologic cycle. The central role of land use and of its spectacular change in recent decades is highlighted. This paper provides substantial background information that sets the context for papers relating to the south-west Niger site in this AMMA-CATCH special issue.
openalex: W2148096042 mag: 2148096042
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Climate change, population trends and groundwater in Africa - Carter, Richard; Parker, Alison (Hydrological sciences journal, 2009)
Abstract Global climate change is affecting Africa, as it is every other continent and region of the world. The absolute poverty of a large proportion of the continent's people renders them highly vulnerable to changes in climate. Mitigation of climate change is a global imperative. However, numerous other changes continue apace, notably population growth, natural resource degradation, and rural—urban migration. Probably 50% or more of the continent's population rely on groundwater. This paper explores the relative impacts of changes in climate, demography and land use/cover on groundwater resources and demands. It concludes that the climate change impacts are likely to be significant, though uncertain in direction and magnitude, while the direct and indirect impacts of demographic change on both water resources and water demand are not only known with far greater certainty, but are also likely to be much larger. The combined effects of urban population growth, rising food demands and energy costs, and consequent demand for fresh water represent real cause for alarm, and these dwarf the likely impacts of climate change on groundwater resources, at least over the first half of the 21st century.
openalex: W2056422136 mag: 2056422136
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The effects of teaching methods on academic performance in secondary schools of Kamnorok zone Barwessa division in Kenya - Chebon.K, Reuben (2009)
A Research Report Submitted To The Institute Of Open And Distance Learning In Partial Fulfillment The Requirements For The Award Of A Bachelor Of Education Of Kampala International University
openalex: W3126967193 mag: 3126967193
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African American English–Speaking Students: An Examination of the Relationship Between Dialect Shifting and Reading Outcomes - Craig, Holly K.; Zhang, Lingling; Hensel, Stephanie L.; Quinn, Erin J. (Journal of speech, language, and hearing research (Print), 2009)
In this study, the authors evaluated the contribution made by dialect shifting to reading achievement test scores of African American English (AAE)-speaking students when controlling for the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), general oral language abilities, and writing skills.Participants were 165 typically developing African American 1st through 5th graders. Half were male and half were female, one third were from low-SES homes, and two-thirds were from middle-SES homes. Dialect shifting away from AAE toward Standard American English (SAE) was determined by comparing AAE production rates during oral and written narratives. Structural equation modeling evaluated the relative contributions of AAE rates, SES, and general oral language and writing skills on standardized reading achievement scores.AAE production rates were inversely related to reading achievement scores and decreased significantly between the oral and written narratives. Lower rates in writing predicted a substantial amount of the variance in reading scores, showing a significant direct effect and a significant indirect effect mediated by measures of oral language comprehension.The findings support a dialect shifting-reading achievement hypothesis, which proposes that AAE-speaking students who learn to use SAE in literacy tasks will outperform their peers who do not make this linguistic adaptation.
openalex: W2005578797 mag: 2005578797
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A study of the relationship between institutional policy, organisational culture and e-learning use in four South African universities - Czerniewicz, Laura; Brown, Cheryl (Computers & Education, 2009)
This article investigates the relationship between policy (conceptualised as goals, values and resources), organisational culture and e-learning use. Through both qualitative and quantitative research methods, we gathered data about staff and student perspectives from four diverse South African universities representing a selection of ICT in education policy types (Structured and Unstructured) and organisational cultural types of “collegium, bureaucracy, corporate and enterprise” (McNay, 1995). While our findings show a clear relationship between policy and use of ICTs for teaching and learning, organisational culture is found crucial to policy mediation and the way that e-learning use is embedded within the organisation. We conclude that although a Structured Corporate institutional type enables the attainment of a “critical mass” within e-learning, Unstructured Collegium institutions are better at fostering innovation. Unstructured Bureaucratic institutions are the least enabling of either top down or bottom up e-learning change.
openalex: W2078858299 mag: 2078858299
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E-Learning and E-Library Services at the University of Ghana: prospects and challenges - Dadzie, Perpetua S. (Information Development, 2009)
This paper investigates the prospects and challenges of using an e-learning platform, Knowledge Environment for Web-based Learning, (KEWL) by the teaching staff of the Faculty of Social Studies, University of Ghana. It also highlights the need for interoperability of e-library services within the e-learning platform. Data collected through survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to examine faculty awareness and opinions, expectations and capabilities in using KEWL for teaching and learning. The analysis of the data suggests that infrastructure, technology and training should be considered by the university administrators to increase the rate of adoption of e-learning within the community. Implications for the development of strategies for e-learning and interoperability of e-library services within that platform are proposed for university administrators not only in Ghana but also for other African countries. This paper presents a modest contribution to the discourse on the integration of e-library services within the e-learning platform from a developing country’s perspective. It offers important insights into how e-library services and e-learning in developing countries can be better managed to enhance its rapid adoption.
openalex: W2167985685 mag: 2167985685
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Capacity building of a district education system: insights from Kenya - Datta, Dipankar; Phillip, Serene; Verma, Prashant Kumar (Education 3-13, 2009)
Both (a) in-school factors such as over-focus on academic performance, absence of uniform, and corporal punishment, and (b) out-of school factors such as caring for ailing parents, child labour, etc., hinder participation of orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) in Free Primary Education (FPE) system in Nyanza Province, Kenya. In this context Concern Worldwide Kenya undertook an appreciative capacity building approach and appropriately positioned District Education Office (DEO) of the Ministry of Education and local civil society organisations (CSOs) to address in-school and out-of-school factors, respectively, to ensure quality education for OVC. The outcome of the programme is promising and has demonstrated the need for greater cooperation between CSOs and the government to develop creative strategies in overcoming the causes of marginalisation within the contexts of the growing AIDS pandemic and poverty in Kenya.
openalex: W1991646100 mag: 1991646100
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Economic Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Ethiopia: Evidence from Cross-Section Measures - Deressa, Tadesse; Hassan, Rashid M. (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
This study used the Ricardian approach that captures farmer adaptations to varying environmental factors to analyze the impact of climate change on crop farming in Ethiopia. By collecting data from farm households in different agro-ecological zones of the county, net crop revenue per hectare was regressed on climate, household and soil variables. The results show that these variables have a significant impact on the net crop revenue per hectare of farmers under Ethiopian conditions. The seasonal marginal impact analysis indicates that marginally increasing temperature during summer and winter would significantly reduce crop net revenue per hectare whereas marginally increasing precipitation during spring would significantly increase net crop revenue per hectare. Moreover, the net crop revenue impact of predicted climate scenarios from three models (CGM2, HaDCM3 and PCM) for the years 2050 and 2100 indicated that there would be a reduction in crop net revenue per hectare by the years 2050 and 2100. Moreover, the reduction in net revenue per hectare by the year 2100 would be more than the reduction by the year 2050 indicating the damage that climate change would pose increases with time unless this negative impact is abated through adaptation. Additionally, results indicate that the net revenue impact of climate change is not uniformly distributed across the different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia.
openalex: W3124663486 mag: 3124663486
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Motivation and academic performance of slow learners a case study of Umuru division, Kiambu west district Nairobi, Kenya. - Gichuki, Jackson; Karanja (2009)
A research report submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning of Kampala International University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Award of a Degree of Bachelor of Education in Special Needs
openalex: W3126239599 mag: 3126239599
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Enhancing Professional Military Education in the Horn of Africa the Ethiopian Defense Command & Staff College Initiative (CSL Issue Paper, Volume 13-09, August 2009) - Griffard, Bernard F.; Troxell, John F. (2009)
openalex: W4237021351
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The Development and Administration of Teacher Education in Ghana from the Passing of the Education Ordinance of 1925 to 1997. - Gyansah, Samuel Tieku; Esilfie, Gabriel (2009)
openalex: W291602374 mag: 291602374
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Woody plant population dynamics in response to climate changes from 1984 to 2006 in Sahel (Gourma, Mali) - Hiernaux, Pierre; Diarra, L.; Trichon, Valérie; Mougin, Éric; Soumaguel, Nogmana; Baup, Frédéric (Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam), 2009)
The patterns of the changes in woody plant population densities, size and species composition is documented and discussed for 24 rangeland sites monitored from 1984 to 2006 in Gourma (Mali). The sites are sampled along the North–South bioclimatic gradient on each of the main soils and levels of grazing intensity. Site woody plant populations range from extremely sparse on shallow soils, to scattered on sandy soils, to open forest in temporarily flooded clayed soils, and to narrow thickets on hard pans. Three different methods contributed to assess and monitor woody plant density and canopy cover. In the short term woody populations were struck by the 1983–1984 droughts irrespective of their edaphic situation and location along the bioclimatic gradient. Drought induced mortality was not more severe under drier climate within the Sahel gradient but occurred sooner after drought in shallow soils, and with a lag of a year or two on flooded clay soils. No evidences were found of higher mortality rates in stands with history of intense grazing. Although rainfall remained below average for a decade after the drought, active recruitment of woody plants occurred in all sites starting as soon as 1985. Recruitment proceeded by successive cohorts, often with short-living perennial undershrubs and pioneer shrubs settling first. Acacia species were among the first to settle or re-establish, especially on the sites most intensively grazed. The release of competition due to drought induced mortality and to the reduction of herbaceous cover contributed to the success of the recruitment. The species composition change that resulted could first be interpreted as a shift toward a more arid tolerant flora, then some diversification occurred since the mid 1990s that could indicate a possible return to previous composition in the long term, confirming the resilience Sahel vegetation.
openalex: W2077530209 mag: 2077530209
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Millennium Development Goals and Education Reforms in Tanzania - Hwa, Kang Kyoung (Asian Journal of African Studies, 2009)
2000년 UN 밀레니엄 정상회의는 인간 존엄성에 초점을 둔 새로운 발전전략을 제시하였으며, 이것이 잘 알려진 밀레니엄 개발목표(MDGs)로 2015년까지 달성을 목표로 한 8가지의 세부 계획을 선언하였다. 그 중 두 번째로 제시된 목표는 “2015년 까지 전 세계의 모든 남녀 어린이드이 초등교육의 전 과정을 마칠 수 있도록 하기 위한 보편적 초등교육의 달설”이다. 1948년 UN 인권선언문에서 제시된 최소한의 교육받을 권리에 대한 조항은 그 이후 지속적으로 발전되어 밀레니엄 개발목표에서 전 세계의 정상들은 절대빈곤 감소와 함께 반드시 달성해야 할 목표로 보편적 초등교육 달성을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 밀레니엄 개발목표의 선언에 따른 탄자니아의 초등교육 정책 변화에 관한 연구를 목적으로 하고 있다. 아프리카 내에서도 많은 비율의 해외원조 혜택을 받고 있는 탄자니아의 음파카 정부(1995-2005)는 국가정책의 목표로서, 밀레니엄 개발목표가 적극적으로 도입되었고, 초등교육 분야의 투자는 괄목할만한 양적 성장을 가져오게 되었다. 그러나, 양적 팽창에 가려진 탄자니아 교육 현실의 문제점을 UNICEF와 정부가 실시한 조사, 정부발표자료의 분석과 현지 교사들과의 인터뷰를 통해 직접 들은 내용을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 그 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 도시와 지방간의 교육격차이다. 학교의 건립은 2000년 이후로 30%의 양적 팽창을 가져오지만, 주로 도시에 집중되어 지방에서는 학교와 집사이의 평균적 거리가 증가하였다. 둘째, 무단결석에 따른 유급과 제적 문제이다. 물론 매년 학생수가 상당히 증가하고 있는 것은 사실이지만, 유급과 제적 비율 또한 꾸준히 약 10%를 유지하고 있다. 가장 큰 문제점으로 제시된 무단결석은 어떠한 대안도 제시되지 못하는 실정이다. 마지막으로, 여러 데이터의 분석을 통해 나타난 결과는 양적인 팽창에 비해 교육의 질적인 측면이 상대적으로 간과되고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 교사와 학생간의 비율, 학생과 교과서 비율 역시 개선되는 모습을 보이고 있지 않다. 밀레니엄 개발목표가 탄자니아 교육 정책에 일부 긍정적인 요소를 제공하였다는 사실은 무시할 수 없다. 하지만. 지나친 성과 위주의 정책이 학생들이 중심이 되야 할 교육에 오점을 남기고 있다. 탄자니아 정부는 밀레니엄 개발목표의 두 번째 비전을 2015년까지 성공적으로 달성하는데 있어서는 양적인 팽창뿐만 아니라 질적인 부분도 간과해서는 안될 것이다. 향후 탄자니아 정부는 교육전략 수립에 있어서 이러한 질적인 면을 어떤 식으로 향상시켜 나갈지에 대한 진지한 고민이 필요하다.
openalex: W1480841684 mag: 1480841684
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Predictive validity of senior high school (SHS) aggregate of students' grade-point average (GPA) at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana - Iddrisu, Simon Alhassan (2009)
openalex: W3089516373 mag: 3089516373
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Tobacco use among Palestine refugee students (UNRWA) aged 13–15 - Khader, Ali; Shaheen, Youssef; Turki, Yassir; Awa, Fatimah El; Fouad, Heba; Warren, Charles W.; Jones, Nathan R.; Lea, Veronica; Lee, Juliette (Preventive Medicine, 2009)
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has made tobacco use prevention a primary health issue. UNRWA provides education, health, relief and social services in five fields of operation: Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The purpose of this paper is to compare tobacco use among Palestine refugee students and students in the general population of the five fields of operation.Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data were collected from representative samples of students in UNRWA schools in each of the five fields of operation in 2008. For comparison, previous data are included from GYTS conducted in Gaza Strip, Lebanon, and the West Bank (2005) and in Jordan and Syria (2007). Data are presented for three groups of students: refugees attending schools within and outside the camps and non-refugee students in the general population.In each of the five fields of operation, there was no difference in current cigarette smoking, current use of shisha, or susceptibility to initiate smoking among the three groups of students. Cigarette smoking and susceptibility was lowest in the Gaza Strip and highest in the West Bank; shisha use was lowest in the Gaza Strip but over 30% in Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 60% in almost all sites. Exposure to indirect advertising was almost 10%.The similarity in tobacco use among the three groups of students suggests that a coordinated plan between the UNRWA and the governmental authority could be most beneficial in reducing the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality.
openalex: W2039229897 mag: 2039229897
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Palynological evidence of climate change and land degradation in the Lake Baringo area, Kenya, East Africa, since AD 1650 - Kiage, Lawrence M.; Liu, Kam‐biu (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009)
Paleoenvironmental records derived from pollen, fungal spores, and microscopic charcoal from Lake Baringo, Kenya, reveal a largely dry environment in the East African region since AD 1650. The dry environment is punctuated by a succession of centennial- to decadal-scale wet and dry episodes, disjointed by sharp transitions, including two intense dry episodes that led to drying of the lake at ca. AD 1650 and AD 1720 which coincide with the Little Ice Age (LIA) period in Europe. The Baringo record shows that land degradation in the area began prior to the colonial period in East Africa and has persisted to the present. Land degradation and increased soil erosion in the Lake Baringo drainage basin was severe enough to significantly 'age' the lake sediments due to influx of old carbon resulting in the dating inversion.
openalex: W1993252696 mag: 1993252696
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Determinants of schooling for boys and girls in Nigeria under a policy of free primary education - Lincove, Jane Arnold (Economics of Education Review, 2009)
This paper adds a measure of school costs to the model of determinants of schooling. Costs are estimated with controls for selection into school and the possibility of receiving free primary education (FPE). Controlling for costs, household wealth has a large, positive effect on primary school attendance with greater income elasticity for girls than boys. Girls’ attendance also depends on opportunity costs generated by providing child care for younger siblings and living on a family farm. Policies that increase household resources and reduce opportunity costs are recommended to complement free primary education.
openalex: W2037736200 mag: 2037736200
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School counselling in Palestine: the development of the profession - Lindsay, Jane (2009)
openalex: W8426191 mag: 8426191
Keywords: openalex:import

Development of teaching and learning method on Islamic pedagogy in West Africa - Lubis, Maimun Aqsha; Diao, Mohammed; Mustapha, Ramlee; Yasin, Ruhizan Mohammad (WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications archive, 2009)
The influence of Islam in West African education systems was significant. The transformation from traditional Quranic schools to more modern Islamic education was slow but evident. However, there was a lack of empirical study on the implementation of Islamic pedagogy in West African countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the development of Islamic teaching and learning in West African. Data was collected through questionnaire and observation. This study highlighted the role of the traditional of Islamic learning in West Africa, such as Timbuktu, Gene, Kanem and Bornun. The teacher needs to embrace the educational methodology and technology and able to apply ideas from various sources. Minority teachers agree with the use of traditional method and majority of them agree that traditional method in teaching and learning process needs to be developed. Workshop, seminar and discussion are the educational methodology and approach that can develop the traditional Islamic teaching.
openalex: W1875134389 mag: 1875134389
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Educational strategy and technique in teaching and learning Islamic education: perception of African teachers - Lubis, Maimun Aqsha; Hamzah, Mohd Isa; Ismail, Mohd Arif; Yusof, Nik Mohd Rahimi Nik (WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications archive, 2009)
There was a long history for educational strategy and technique in teaching and learning Islamic education in West Africa. The educational activities and cultural center in West Africa played a strategic role in introducing Islamic teaching. On the other hand, they also played a significant role in establishing great Islamic rulers and in extending the Islamic world to West Africa. This paper carried out a research on educational strategy and technique in teaching Islamic education from African teachers' perception. It was conducted by a survey. The data was collected from questionnaires that were distributed to 83 teachers as respondents from Timbuktu and Gene in Mali, Kanem and Bornum in Nigeria. The research finding showed that five educational techniques and two educational strategies were effective in teaching and learning Islamic education. In addition, enhancement technologies through teaching and learning will contribute in two areas (i) ICT (information and communication technology) may be used as a medium in the teaching and learning to develop a more creative thinking in the education process, and (ii) Media is a form of teaching aids that assists teachers in the teaching, provide them with tools to illustrate some points or processes as well as to support long distance educational system. The perception of the teachers in term of educational strategy and technique of teaching and learning in the classroom and the 7 strategies/technologies perceived by African teachers were effective. Therefore, African teachers have improved their ability to apply more effective strategy and technique in their teaching. On the part of the students, the importance of the educational technique and media are to enable them to associate the effective learning.
openalex: W1509607683 mag: 1509607683
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The Relationship between Performance in Chemistry and Physics at Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) of Kisii Central District Kenya - M, Ruth Mageto (2009)
A Research Report Submitted in Partial A Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Education of Kampala International University of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3036899118 mag: 3036899118
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What impact will climate change have on rural groundwater supplies in Africa? - MacDonald, Alan; Calow, Roger; Macdonald, David; Darling, W.G.; Dochartaigh, B.É. Ó (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2009)
Abstract One of the key uncertainties surrounding the impacts of climate change in Africa is the effect on the sustainability of rural water supplies. Many of these water supplies abstract from shallow groundwater (<50 m) and are the sole source of safe drinking water for rural populations. Analysis of existing rainfall and recharge studies suggests that climate change is unlikely to lead to widespread catastrophic failure of improved rural groundwater supplies. These require only 10 mm of recharge annually per year to support a hand pump, which should still be achievable for much of the continent, although up to 90 million people may be affected in marginal groundwater recharge areas (200–500 mm annual rainfall). Lessons learnt from groundwater source behaviour during recent droughts, substantiated by groundwater modelling, indicate that increased demand on dispersed water points, as shallow unimproved sources progressively fail, poses a much greater risk of individual source failure than regional resource depletion. Low yielding sources in poor aquifers are most at risk. Predicted increased rainfall intensity may also increase the risk of contamination of very shallow groundwater. Looking to the future, an increase in major groundwater-based irrigation systems, as food prices rise and surface water becomes more unreliable, may threaten long-term sustainability as competition for groundwater increases. To help prepare for increased climate variability, it is essential to understand the balance between water availability, access to water, and use/demand. In practice, this means increasing access to secure domestic water, understanding and mapping renewable and non-renewable groundwater resources, promoting small-scale irrigation and widening the scope of early warning systems and mapping to include access to water.
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English as a language of learning and teaching : perspectives of secondary school teachers in the Masvingo District (Zimbabwe) - Marungudzi, Thadeus (2009)
openalex: W195212422 mag: 195212422
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Metabolic syndrome in 10–16-year-old learners from the Western Cape, South Africa: Comparison of the NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria - Matsha, Tandi E.; Hassan, Shafick M; Bhata, A.; Yako, Yandiswa Y; Fanampe, Biotumelo L; Somers, Anne R.; Hoffmann, Monika; Mohammed, Zahraa; Erasmus, R T (Atherosclerosis, 2009)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported to predispose to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease in adults. Differences in the prevalence rates of MetS in children based on various definitions have been reported [ 1 Cruz M.I. Goran M.I. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Curr Diabet Rep. 2004; 4: 53-62 Crossref PubMed Scopus (250) Google Scholar , 2 Kelishadi R. Ardalan G. Gheiratmand R. Adeli K. Delavari A. Majdzadeh R. For The Caspian Study GroupPaediatric metabolic syndrome and associated anthropometric indices: the CASPIAN Study. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95: 1625-1634 Crossref PubMed Scopus (112) Google Scholar , 3 Goodman E. Daniels S.R. Morrison J.A. Huang B. Dolan L.M. Contrasting prevalence of and demographic disparities in the World Health Organization and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definitions of metabolic syndrome among adolescents. J Pediatr. 2004; 145: 445-451 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (226) Google Scholar ]. Irrespective of the definition used to define MetS in children, investigators have shown the presence of MetS in early childhood and an increased prevalence in overweight and obese individuals, and this poses a serious problem as childhood MetS is thought to persist through adulthood [ 4 Isomaa B. Almgren P. Tuomi T. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24: 683-689 Crossref PubMed Scopus (3920) Google Scholar , 5 Bao W. Srinivasan S.R. Wattigney W.A. Berenson G.S. Persistence of multiple cardiovascular risk clustering related to syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Arch Intern Med. 1994; 154: 1842-1847 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar ]. MetS is also observed in normal-weight individuals and those are considered to be metabolically obese normal-weight [ 6 Ruderman N. Chisholm D. Pi-Sunyer X. Schneider S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes. 1998; 47: 699-713 Crossref PubMed Scopus (706) Google Scholar , 7 Kelishadi R. Cook S.R. Motlagh M.E. et al. Metabolically obese normal weight and phenotypically obese metabolically normal youths: the CASPIAN Study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008; 108: 82-90 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (87) Google Scholar ]. The few studies that have been conducted in developing countries have shown a relatively high prevalence of MetS that is paralleled by the increasing obesity in children and adolescents [ [8] Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev. 2007; 29: 62-76 Crossref PubMed Scopus (465) Google Scholar ]. Despite the high prevalence of obesity reported in South African children [ [9] Armstrong M.E. Lambert M.I. Sharwood K.A. Lambert E.V. Obesity and overweight in South African primary school children—the Health of the Nation Study. S Afr Med J. 2006; 96: 439-444 PubMed Google Scholar ], there is limited data on the prevalence of MetS in this population group. The aim of our study was to identify South African children from different racial groups with the MetS using either the NCEP ATP III or the IDF definitions, and determine the proportion of normal-weight children that are metabolically obese.
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Barriers to remote rural students access of distance education support services offered by the Centre for External Studies at the University of Namibia - Mbukusa, Nchindo Richardson (2009)
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The Plight of Eritrean Students in South Africa - Mekonnen, Daniel; Abraha, Samuel B. (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
This essay aims at elaborating the dilemma of hundreds of Eritrean students in South Africa who find themselves in a desperate situation due to the deteriorating political crisis in their home country. The said students have studied and are studying in various fields under a World Bank funded human resources development programme of the Government of Eritrea. Many of them are not willing to go back to Eritrea for diverse reasons that will be discussed and substantiated in a more acceptable way. This essay is intended also to elucidate the series of human rights violations perpetrated against Eritrean students in South Africa in the last two years or so.
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Factors contributing to poor English performance amongst learners in an inclusive setting: a case study in Soi zone, Koibatek district Kenya. - Milka, Kiptoo (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distant Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Award Degree in Special Needs Education Kampala International University Kampala – Uganda
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Physical science activities and skills development in the school curriculum of Namibia - Mkandawire, Myness (2009)
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Quantifying Climate Change in the Tropical Midtroposphere over East Africa from Glacier Shrinkage on Kilimanjaro - Mölg, Thomas; Cullen, Nicolas J.; Hardy, Douglas R.; Winkler, Michael; Kaser, Georg (Journal of Climate, 2009)
Abstract Slope glaciers on Kilimanjaro (ca. 5000–6000 m MSL) reached their most recent maximum extent in the late nineteenth century (L19) and have receded since then. This study quantifies the climate signal behind the recession of Kersten Glacier, which generates information on climate change in the tropical midtroposphere between L19 and present. Multiyear meteorological measurements at 5873 m MSL serve to force and verify a spatially distributed model of the glacier’s mass balance (the most direct link between glacier behavior and atmospheric forcing). At present the glacier is losing mass (522 ± 105 kg m−2 yr−1), terminates at 5100 m, and the interannual variability of mass and energy budgets largely reflects variability in atmospheric moisture. Backward modeling of the L19 steady-state glacier extent (down to 4500 m) reveals higher precipitation (+160 to +240 mm yr−1), higher air humidity, and increased fractional cloud cover in L19 but no significant changes in local air temperature, air pressure, and wind speed. The atmosphere in the simulated L19 climate transfers more energy to the glacier surface through atmospheric longwave radiation and turbulent heat—but this is almost entirely balanced by the decrease in absorbed solar radiation (due to both increased cloudiness and higher surface albedo). Thus, the energy-driven mass loss per unit area (sublimation plus meltwater runoff) was not appreciably different from today. Higher L19 precipitation rates therefore dominated the mass budget and produced a larger glacier extent in the past.
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"No Fee" Schools in South Africa. Policy Brief Number 7. - Motala, Shireen; Sayeed, Yusuf (2009)
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Detecting Seronegative-Early HIV Infections Among Adult Versus Student Kenyan Blood Donors, by Using Stimmunology - Mumo, Jasper; Vansover, A.; Jehuda‐Cohen, Tamar (Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2009)
Undetectable HIV infection in blood banks poses a serious threat to public health. Thus, donations from high school students are preferred over adult samples in Kenyan blood banks, due to lower HIV infection prevalence within this population, as detected by conventional serology testing. However, the number of recently infected individuals remains difficult to identify, as HIV-induced immunological window periods can span months. This study focuses on the potential contribution of a novel mode of diagnostic testing in revealing early, seronegative HIV carriers.Stimmunology, an in vitro lymphocyte stimulation technique, was used to detect early HIV infection among random samples of adult and adolescent blood donors. The Stimmunology protocol unveiled a significant number of early, pre-seroconversion HIV carriers both among adult and teenage Kenyan populations, undetected by typical serological diagnostic kits. Both populations demonstrated a significant increase in HIV-specific antibody formation following activation using the Stimmunology assay. The younger population exhibited a higher proportion of early HIV infection (0.45) than the adult (0.27) population.While blood samples of young donors are preferred over adult donations, these data demonstrate a worrisome ratio of early, seronegative HIV carriers within this population. This simple, cost-effective, and reliable HIV-boosting antibody assay can be used in a resource-poor setting to increase blood supply safety and quality. Incorporation of Stimmunology into basic blood bank testing and into diagnostic protocols can also decrease undesirable disease transmission.
openalex: W2018033285 mag: 2018033285
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Health Informatics Education and Capacity Building in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Murray, Peter; Betts, Helen; Wright, Graham; Tshayingca-Mashiya, N. V. (Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 2009)
Summary Objectives To describe the experience of, and lessons learned from, a collaborative project developing and delivering an MSc in Health Informatics in South Africa. Methods The description and discussion is based on the experiences of the staff delivering the course, and formal and informal evaluations, the former conducted as part of the University of Winchester’s quality assurance processes. Results Some of the lessons learned from adapting the course to meet local needs are described and discussed. Conclusions Simply attempting to transpose a successful course from one country and culture to another is not a guarantee of success. Educational staff delivering such courses need to take account of local context and culture, be flexible and prepared to adapt to students’ needs and circumstances, which may be beyond anyone’s control. However, by meeting real identified needs, success can contribute to sustaining capacity building and the development of the local health informatics workforce.
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Body Image Satisfaction Among a Sample of Black Female South African Students - Mwaba, Kelvin; Roman, Nicolette V. (Social Behavior and Personality, 2009)
Numerous research studies have established a strong relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. As more and more young people in South Africa embrace Western values, the aspiration to attain the Western body ideal of beauty may be putting some women at risk of developing eating disorders. This study focused on body image satisfaction among a sample of 150 black South African female university students. Data were collected using a revised Body Shape Questionnaire (Cooper, Taylor, Cooper, & Fairburn, 1987). The results showed the majority of the women were satisfied with their body image. However, there was a minority who engaged in unhealthy eating behaviors. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Estimating the effects of climate change on groundwater recharge and baseflow in the upper Ssezibwa catchment, Uganda - Nyenje, Philip M.; Batelaan, Okke (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2009)
Abstract The effects of climate change on groundwater recharge and baseflow in the upper Ssezibwa catchment, Uganda, are investigated. The study first examines historical data, which indeed reveal evidence of climate change based on trends observed in temperature and discharge. For the climate change study, the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) is used to downscale future climate change scenarios, which were obtained from the UK HadCM3 climate model. The downscaled climate is used as input to the WetSpa hydrological model, a physically-distributed rainfall—runoff model, which was used to simulate the resulting hydrological changes. Downscaled climate shows an increase in precipitation in the wet seasons (March—May; October—December) ranging from 30% in the 2020s to over 100% in the 2080s. The corresponding rise in temperature ranges between 1 and 4°C. These changes are shown to give rise to intensification of the hydrological cycle. The mean annual daily baseflow for the current period of 157 mm/year (69% of discharge), is expected to increase by 20–80% between the 2020s and 2080s. The corresponding increase in recharge ranges from 20 to 100% from the current 245mm/year. The findings provide a basis for further research in the downscaling of climate data and sensitivity analysis for simulated hydrological changes in the catchment.
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Adherence to Antiretroviral Medicines among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana - Ocansey, Dennis (2009)
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Holocene palaeohydrology, groundwater and climate change in the lake basins of the Central Kenya Rift - Olago, Daniel; Opere, Alfred; Barongo, Justus (Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2009)
Abstract The Central Kenya Rift contains small soda lakes such as Nakuru, Elmenteita and Bogoria, freshwater Lake Naivasha, and the partly (spatially) freshwater Lake Baringo. The hydrology of this area is controlled mainly by climate, tectonically controlled morphological and volcanic barriers, faults, and local water-table variations. Much of the area relies on groundwater for human and industrial use, though there are widespread quality issues particularly in relation to fluoride. Despite the huge demand for the resource, little is known about the highly complex groundwater systems; lacking monitoring data, an assessment is developed on the basis of regional geological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical analyses. Significant hydrological changes have taken place in the region over the last 10 000 years as a result of global, regional and local changes, but the impacts on groundwater resources are still largely unknown. The IPCC projects a 10–15% increase of rainfall in the area, but it may not necessarily result in a proportional increase in groundwater recharge. High groundwater recharge periods appear to be anchored on a decadal cycle.
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An evaluation of the teaching and learning of history in senior high schools in the Central Region of Ghana - Oppong, Charles Adabo (2009)
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The Potential Contribution of the 2010 Soccer World Cup to Climate Change: An Exploratory Study among Tourism Industry Stakeholders in the Tshwane Metropole of South Africa - Otto, Ilona M.; Heath, Ernest Thomas (Journal of Sport & Tourism, 2009)
With increasing concern regarding global climate change, there is a growing need to ensure responsible management practices for mega events that take cognisance of the realities and challenges regarding this phenomenon. The existence of a relationship between the tourism industry and climate change has only recently been addressed by researchers. This study explores the potential impacts of mega events on climate change, with particular reference to the 2010 Soccer World Cup. The methodology used for this study was in-depth personal interviews conducted amongst key stakeholders in the Tshwane Metropole, South Africa. A combined use of purposive and snowball sampling was used to identify the target population. A key finding of the study was that the various stakeholders are not aware of the contributions their operations make to climate change. However, when these contributions are linked to an event such as the 2010 Soccer World Cup, greater consideration is given to this phenomenon in their business operations. This study indicates that it is of crucial importance to consider and responsibly manage the impacts that mega events can have on climate change. Based on this study it is suggested that appropriate environmental management strategies and guidelines are developed, not only for individual stakeholders, but also for all industries in South Africa in order to ensure that operations are conducted in a sustainable manner.
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A 2000 Year Sub-annual Record of Climate Change from Lake Malawi - Petrick, Benjamin (2009)
A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota by Benjamin Fredericks Petrick in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, August 2009.
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Use of test score and interview data in a comparative case study of the influence of donated English language books upon reading fluency and comprehension scores for Tanzanian secondary school students. - Plonski, Patrick J. (2009)
University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2009. Major: Education, Work/Community/Family Education. Advisors: Richard Joerger and Roland Peterson. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 197 pages, appendices A-N + 2 computer files (JPG); 2 charts, filenames Boxes and languageproficiency.
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Introduction of post placental/partum IUD insertion in Lusaka, Zambia: feasibility of training nurse midwives - Prager, Sarah; Neukom, Josselyn; Gupta, Pratima; Chilambwe, J.; Siamwanza, N.; Eber, Maxine; Vwalika, Bellington; Blumenthal, P. (Contraception, 2009)
To explore the feasibility of training nurse-midwives in postplacental/partum IUD insertion (PPIUD) in Lusaka, Zambia. The training occurred at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), a high-volume, government referral hospital.
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Death Anxiety among Ethiopian Undergraduate Students - Raju, P. Mohan (Psychological Reports, 2009)
Measurement of Death Anxiety among 151 Ethiopian undergraduate students using Templer's scale and Thorson and Powell's scale revealed that the sample has slightly higher than average death anxiety. The results also indicate that in this largely Orthodox Christian sample, students were afraid of the pain in death and less afraid of what happens to their body after death. As some items in each scale did not work well, the Cronbach alphas were low, .61 for the 12 items of Templer's scale and .78 for the 15 items of Thorson and Powell's scale. The correlation between the two full-scale scores was .58 and between scale scores with only acceptable items was .67, indicating the possibility that both scales measure death anxiety equally well if some items are excluded. Results were not consistent with some previous studies in other cultures. Age was significantly related to both Templer's scale (.29) and Thorson and Powell's scale (.28). Death anxiety dimensions like time, control, and afterlife aspects seemed to have doubtful meanings in the Ethiopian sample.
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Recalled test anxiety in relation to achievement, in the context of general academic self-concept, study habits, parental involvement and socio-economic status among Grade 6 Ethiopian students - Raju, P. Mohan; Asfaw, Abebech (Education 3-13, 2009)
Abstract The study investigated the predictive nature of test anxiety on achievement in the presence of perceived general academic self-concept, study habits, parental involvement in children's learning and socio-economic status. From a population of 2482 Grade 6 students from seven government primary schools of a sub-city in Addis Ababa, 497 participants were randomly selected, namely 248 boys and 249 girls. The mean age of the participants was 12.98 years. An adapted version of Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale (28 items), plus the General Academic Self-Concept Scale (18 items), and Parental Involvement (10 items), Study Habits (10 items) and Socio-Economic Status (10 items) scales developed by the authors were the instruments of the study. The findings of the study indicated: (a) test anxiety correlated with achievement with a weak correlation of −0.186; and (b) perceived general academic self-concept and study habits were positively and significantly related to achievement. Stepwise multiple regression on achievement resulted in the selection of general academic self-concept, study habits and parental involvement as significant contributors to achievement in that order. Test anxiety was found to be a non-predictor of achievement in the presence of other variables. Keywords: test anxietyachievementperceived general academic self-conceptsocio-economic statusstudy habitsparental involvement
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The adolescent's perspective of culture and ethnicity within the South African outcomes based education system - Ramsay, Helen P. (2009)
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Professional development experiences of physical education teachers in Botswana: epistemological implications - Shehu, Jimoh (Teacher Development, 2009)
Studies conducted outside Africa show that professional development experiences of physical education (PE) teachers are shaped by the manner in which PE is situated (and stereotyped) in the school system. Given the contested nature of teacher development, it is important to continually explore the phenomenon in different national contexts. Accordingly, this study examines the contextual issues impinging on the professional development experiences of PE teachers in Botswana, and how the teachers interpret these experiences in relation to their professional identity. Data were generated through focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with 35 secondary school PE teachers and 12 college lecturers. Findings reveal a number of themes connected to inequities in teacher development. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of epistemology in shaping teacher development interventions.
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New light on old pumice: the origins of Mediterranean volcanic material from ancient Egypt - Sterba, Johannes H.; Foster, Karen Polinger; Steinhäuser, Georg; Bichler, Max (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009)
This paper presents and discusses the Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) results newly obtained from pumice pieces found decades ago at the Egyptian sites of Maiyana, Sedment, Kahun, and Amarna – now in the collections of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London – which could be successfully related to several volcanic eruptions in the Mediterranean. The work contributes to the constant accumulation of knowledge concerning the first appearance of pumice from the so-called Minoan eruption of the Santorini volcano. In addition, it unexpectedly sheds more light on the long-distance trade of Mediterranean volcanic material in the Bronze Age world by disclosing another connection between Lipari and the Eastern Mediterranean.
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You were saying? Noise induced hearing loss in South African goldmines : business - Strauss, Susan (2009)
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is viewed as the noise exposure levels related to an eight-hour working day (LEx, 8h) exceeding the occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 85 dB(A), which can irreversibly damage sensory hair cells of the cochlea. NIHL refers to the sounds at some frequencies that are more hazardous than other frequencies. The use of A-weighted sound levels cancel these effects so that two sounds with the same dB (A) level have approximately the same hazard.
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A study of the effective implementation of Ministry of education policy guidelines for Free primary education in Lugari District, Western Province, Kenya - Waudo, Dayana Josphine (2009)
A thesis submitted to the School of Education in fulfillment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Education Kenyatta University
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Get to the bridge and I will help you to cross:merit, personal connections and money as routes to success in Nigerian higher education - Willott, Christopher (2009)
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Refashioning Neopatrimonialism in an Interface Bureaucracy: Nigerian Higher Education - Willott, Christopher (2009)
The African state has received numerous analyses in academic literature. The vast majority of these studies focus on the essence of the state rather than how it is experienced and lived by its citizens and therefore sacrifice empirical knowledge of state function in favour of abstract conceptualisation. Much academic literature, especially the neopatrimonial approach dominant in political science, examines African states through the prism of Weberian logic and suggests that, because states do not conform to a rational-legal ideal, they must therefore be deficient. These analyses also frequently downplay the impact of colonial rule and postcolonial state formation and politics on the character of contemporary African states, instead stressing the continuities between pre-colonial and modern patterns of rule. This thesis eschews a normative understanding of the state in favour of an approach grounded in everyday action through analysis of the workings of the Nigerian higher education sector. I argue that this sector is a microcosm of broader state-society relations. The thesis draws on primary data collected through ethnographic methods to analyse how providers and users of a university in south-eastern Nigeria negotiate their passage into, and through, a highly complex and flexible institution. The thesis argues that, among both students and staff, achieving success in Nigerian higher education is dependent on a combination of merit, personal connections and money. The importance of these three elements suggests a system in which norms rooted in bureaucracy (merit), patron-clientism (personal connections) and financial corruption (money) intersect. My empirical research suggests that characterisations of African states as wholly captured by society and functioning as little more than vehicles for particularistic advancement, both central elements of much neopatrimonial state literature, are therefore inaccurate. The thesis also places the Nigerian state in historical context, arguing that, while some patterns of pre-colonial behaviour remain important in contemporary Nigeria, they have been fundamentally altered by colonialism and its aftermath. This thesis offers an important corrective to the rather abstract and normative ideas that underpin the theory of the African neopatrimonial state. It argues that a better understanding of the state requires a stronger focus on the routine and real experiences of service providers and users and their daily interactions.
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Comparative Education at Universities in Tanzania and in South Africa and the Expectations and Motivations of Students. - Wolhuter, Charl C.; Maarman, R. F.; Anangisye, William A. L. (2009)
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Parents' involvement in school administration as a correlate of effectiveness of secondary schools in Nigeria - Ajayi, Iyiade Adeseye; Haastrup, Toni; Arogundade, B. B. (International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2009)
The study examined the relationship between parents’ involvement in school administration and effectiveness of secondary schools in Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The population consisted of all the teachers, principals and parents of the students in public secondary schools in South-West Nigeria. The sample comprised 1200 teachers, 300 parents and 60 principals from 60 secondary schools. Multi-stage, simple and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select the states, schools, teachers and parents used for the study. Two sets of questionnaire were used to collect the data for the study. The Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentage scores and Pearson product movement correlation. The only hypothesis formulated in the study was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that parents were much involved in the administration of secondary schools in Nigeria. The study also revealed that secondary schools in the area covered were moderately effective. However, the study showed that there was no significant relationship between parents’ involvement in school administration and effectiveness in schools. It was recommended that the school administrators should sustain the high level of parents’ involvement in school administration in order to maintain cordial relationship between the parents and the school authorities. Since parents’ involvement in school administration was not significantly related to the effectiveness of the schools, the government and other stakeholders should make the teaching-learning environment of the schools more conducive in order to improve their effectiveness. Key words: Parents’ involvement, school administration, effectiveness, secondary schools.
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Efforts to empower teachers in Ethiopia to address local environmental problems: achievements and limitations - Dalelo, Aklilu (International research in geographical and environmental education, 2009)
It is believed that the possibilities of integrating environmental issues into the formal and nonformal education programs depend on the capacity of teachers who put such programs into effect. A pilot project, aimed at building the capacity of schools in Ethiopia to address key environmental issues, was initiated in 2004. Among the major strategies to achieve the goal of the project was empowering teachers to solve local environmental problems. This paper reports the achievements and limitations of the project in relation to teachers' empowerment. The results indicate that teachers who took part in the in-service training on natural resource management have taken distinct steps to integrate environmental issues into their lessons, establish environmental clubs and start school nurseries. The study also indicated some limitations. The handbook prepared for the training purpose had little provisions to guide the practical application of some of the principles of natural resource management discussed therein. The other limitation was the insufficient effort made to build (directly) the capacity of environmental clubs and community leaders. Some recommendations have been put forward in view of these findings.
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Studies on the pollution potential of wastewater fromtextile processing factories in Kaduna, Nigeria - Ohioma, Asia Imohimi; Luke, Ndubuisi Obejesi; Amraibure, Odia (Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)
Samples of effluents from 3 textile processing factories F(1), F(2) and F(3), were characterized for their pollution potential. The concentrations of solids were found to be 1020, 790 and 1,380 mg/l total solids for the factories 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The BOD’s and COD’s were 342.8 and 542.4 mg/l for F(1), 123.2 and 224.6mg/l for F(2) and 456 and 738.4mg/l for F(3). The pH for the effluents were 9.36, 8.98 and 9.44 for F(1), F(2) and F(3), respectively. This implies that the effluents were alkaline. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were 56 and 2.13 mg/l for F(1), 51 and 1.14 mg/l for F(2) and 43 and 0.73 mg/l for F(3), respectively. The levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) were higher than the Federal environmental protection agency (FEPA) standards for effluent discharge. This shows that the textile effluents have severe pollution potentials since the parameters measured have values above the tolerable limits compared to the FEPA standards. The results also showed that the ratio of COD: BOD were 1.58, 1.82 and 1.62 for F(1), F(2) and F(3), respectively, indicating that the effluents may not be able to undergo up to 50% substrate biodegradation, thus biological processes may not be feasible for the treatment of these effluents. The high values obtained for the parameters assessed, especially those of the concentrations of the solid and of the oxygen demands, call for a pretreatment of the effluent before its discharge into water body. Also, the high conductivity observed shows that sufficient ions are present in the effluents, thus suggesting that the chemical method of coagulation and flocculation may be an ideal treatment method. Keywords: Textile wastewater, factory, pollution, substrate, biodegradation, coagulation, flocculation.
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Are university students psychologically ready for entrepreneurship? A Botswana study - Plattner, Ilse E.; Lechaena, Mmakgosi; Mmolawa, Wame; Mzingwane, Bagele (African Journal of Business Management, 2009)
This paper seeks to draw attention to the need for psychological maturity before young people can begin their own business and succeed as entrepreneurs. A study with 349 undergraduate students at the University of Botswana investigated students’ career aspirations and their career-related self-concept. Only eight students considered entrepreneurship as a career option but many students mentioned careers that would provide them with an opportunity for self-employment. However, the majority of students lacked a positive self-concept and believed that their careers would depend on “connections” with the “right” people, luck, or the government (external locus of control). The findings suggest a decline in students’ self-concept and job expectations throughout the course of their studies. Recommendations are made with regard to the role of the university in empowering students not just academically but also psychologically so that they can compete successfully in entrepreneurship. Key words: Entrepreneurship, career aspirations, self-efficacy, locus of control, psychological empowerment, higher education.
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A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa - Chase, Brian M.; Meadows, Michael E.; Scott, Louis; Thomas, David S.G.; Marais, Eugène; Sealy, Judith; Reimer, Paula J. (Geology, 2009)
Research Article| August 01, 2009 A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa B.M. Chase; B.M. Chase * 1Arid Environmental Systems Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK2Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa *E-mail: brian.chase@geog.ox.ac.uk. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar M.E. Meadows; M.E. Meadows 2Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar L. Scott; L. Scott 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D.S.G. Thomas; D.S.G. Thomas 1Arid Environmental Systems Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. Marais; E. Marais 4National Museum of Namibia, P.O. Box 1203, Windhoek 9000, Namibia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Sealy; J. Sealy 5Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P.J. Reimer P.J. Reimer 6School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information B.M. Chase * 1Arid Environmental Systems Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK2Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa M.E. Meadows 2Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa L. Scott 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa D.S.G. Thomas 1Arid Environmental Systems Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK E. Marais 4National Museum of Namibia, P.O. Box 1203, Windhoek 9000, Namibia J. Sealy 5Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa P.J. Reimer 6School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK *E-mail: brian.chase@geog.ox.ac.uk. Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 21 Jan 2009 Revision Received: 24 Mar 2009 Accepted: 25 Mar 2009 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2009 Geological Society of America Geology (2009) 37 (8): 703–706. https://doi.org/10.1130/G30053A.1 Article history Received: 21 Jan 2009 Revision Received: 24 Mar 2009 Accepted: 25 Mar 2009 First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation B.M. Chase, M.E. Meadows, L. Scott, D.S.G. Thomas, E. Marais, J. Sealy, P.J. Reimer; A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa. Geology 2009;; 37 (8): 703–706. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G30053A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The discovery of sensitive paleoenvironmental proxies contained within fossilized rock hyrax middens from the margin of the central Namib Desert, Africa, is providing unprecedented insight into the region's environmental history. High-resolution stable carbon and nitrogen isotope records spanning 0–11,700 cal (calibrated) yr B.P. indicate phases of relatively humid conditions from 8700–7500, 6900–6700, 5600–4900, and 4200–3500 cal yr B.P., with a period of marked aridity occurring from 3500 until ca. 300 cal yr B.P. Transitions between these phases appear to have occurred very rapidly, often within <200 years. Of particular importance are: (1) the observed relationship between regional aridification and the decline in Northern Hemisphere insolation across the Holocene, and (2) the significance of suborbital scale variations in climate that covary strongly with fluctuations in solar forcing. Together, these elements call for a fundamental reexamination of the role of orbital forcing on tropical African systems, and a reconsideration of what factors drive climate change in the region. The quality and resolution of these data far surpass any other evidence available from the region, and the continued development of this unique archive promises to revolutionize paleoenvironmental studies in southern Africa. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Dental pain, oral impacts and perceived need for dental treatment in Tanzanian school students: a cross-sectional study - Mashoto, Kijakazi Obed; Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug; David, Jamil; Masalu, Joyce R. (Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2009)
Abstract Background Dental caries, dental pain and reported oral problems influence people's oral quality of life and thus their perceived need for dental care. So far there is scant information as to the psychosocial impacts of dental diseases and the perceived treatment need in child populations of sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives Focusing on primary school students in Kilwa, Tanzania, a district deprived of dental services and with low fluoride concentration in drinking water, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental pain and oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP), and to describe the distribution of OIDP by socio-demographics, dental caries, dental pain and reported oral problems. The relationship of perceived need estimates with OIDP was also investigated. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. A total of 1745 students (mean age 13.8 yr, sd = 1.67) completed an extensive personal interview and under-went clinical examination. The impacts on daily performances were assessed using a Kiswahili version of the Child-OIDP instrument and caries experience was recorded using WHO (1997) criteria. Results A total of 36.2% (41.3% urban and 31.4% rural, p < 0.001) reported at least one OIDP. The prevalence of dental caries was 17.4%, dental pain 36.4%, oral problems 54.1% and perceived need for dental treatment 46.8% in urban students. Corresponding estimates in rural students were 20.8%, 24.4%, 43.3% and 43.8%. Adjusted OR for reporting oral impacts if having dental pain ranged from 2.5 (95% CI 1.8–3.6) (problem smiling) to 4.7 (95% CI 3.4–6.5) (problem sleeping),- if having oral problems, from 1.9 (95% CI 1.3–2.6) (problem sleeping) to 3.8 (95% CI 2.7–5.2) (problem eating) and if having dental caries from 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.0) (problem eating) to 2.2 (95% CI 1.5–2.9) (problem sleeping). Students who perceived need for dental care were less likely to be females (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–0.9) and more likely to have impacts on eating (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.7) and tooth cleaning (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.6–2.5). Conclusion Substantial proportions of students suffered from untreated dental caries, oral impacts on daily performances and perceived need for dental care. Dental pain and reported oral problems varied systematically with OIDP across the eight impacts considered. Eating and tooth cleaning problems discriminated between subjects who perceived need for dental treatment and those who did not.
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Reshaping engineering education curriculum to accommodate the current needs of Nigeria - Onwuka, Ebele (Educational Research Review, 2009)
It has been observed that most engineering graduates, such as electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, etc, end up taking employment with banks, accounting outfits and other non-engineering outfits. It has also been lamented by many graduates that they find little or no relationship with what was taught in school and what is obtainable in the job market. Industries who hire fresh graduates almost always have to retrain them before they could be gainfully employed in their various industries. All these phenomena are clear indicators that there is problem in the current engineering education curriculum. This paper looks at a number of areas where engineering education curriculum needs review and the benefits of such review and subsequent upgrade. The paper also discussed the importance of academia-industry-government collaboration in enhancing the quality of engineering education. It suggested the establishment of engineering education discipline in Nigerian Universities to engage in the study of engineering pedagogy best practices. The paper recognizes that fact that all these could be done only by first gaining proper understanding of the situation. It then calls for in-depth review of all aspects of engineering education in Nigeria – a study that should be initiated by COREN and sponsored by the government. Key words: Engineering education, education review, curriculum review, collaboration, engineering pedagogy.
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South African school serves refugee children - Hinnen, Melissa (2009)
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Rubella seroprevalence among primary and pre- primary school pupils at Moi's Bridge location, Uasin Gishu District, Kenya - Kombich, Janeth; Muchai, Paul C; Tukei, P.M.; Borus, Peter (BMC Public Health, 2009)
Rubella is an infectious and generally mild childhood viral disease. The disease is of public health importance because infection acquired during early pregnancy often results in foetal abnormalities that are classified as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The burden of rubella infection in most developing countries in not well documented because of limited epidemiological data. However, availability of an effective vaccine has made it necessary to have all the countries with no routine vaccination schedule to evaluate the burden of disease in order to make informed decisions on rubella vaccination and strategy. To address this gap we conducted a study to determine age-specific rubella seroprevalence rates and related risk factors among primary and pre-primary school children in Uasin Gishu district, Moi's Bridge location of Kenya.Subjects of the study were 498 pupils from seven primary schools aged 4-20 years. Questionnaire surveys with blood sampling were conducted between January to July 2005. Samples were tested for rubella specific IgG antibody using ELISA test kit (Enzygnost Behring, Germany).Overall, rubella seropositivity rate was 80% and it increased with age from 59% (among ages 4-6 years) to 94% (ages 14-20 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis model, showed that age of child and ownership of a television set which is a proxy measure of socio-economic status of family were significantly associated with rubella seropositivity. The odds of rubella seropositivity in a child older than 13 years was more than that in children younger than 7 years (OR = 3.8 95% CI 2.56-5.78). The odds of rubella seropositivity in a child whose family did not own a television set was 3 times higher than that of child whose family owned a set (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.17-7.97).The study provides important and highly useful information on rubella age specific seroprevalence rates in Kenya. Advancing age was found to be associated with increased risk of rubella. Low socio-economic factors suggest an increased risk of infection in certain categories of society, and control measures need to target this. Overall, the findings can also be used by policy makers to model introduction of routine rubella vaccination in the country and also other developing countries facing similar challenges. More than half of the children got infected in pre-primary and efforts to control rubella should target pre-school children. These data provides pre-vaccination information that can be used to guide immunization strategy as well as to determine success of an immunization programme.
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Iconography : Measuring disability in censuses: The case of South Africa - Schneider, Marguerite; Dasappa, Princelle; Khan, Neloufar; Khan, A. H. (2009)
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Education for Street Children in Egypt: The Role of Hope Village Society - Al-Dien, Muhammad M. Zain (Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education, 2009)
The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of Hope Village Society (HVS) in Egypt in the provision of education to street children in order to establish its strengths and weaknesses to serve as lessons for other providers of education to street children. Data were collected using interview schedule and document analysis. Interviews were prepared conducted with eight of the management staff of HVS. The findings of the study reveal that HVS plays a major role in providing education for street children in Egypt. Since the establishment of HVS’s education programs in1995, it has recorded fluctuating enrolment rates. The participation of government organizations (GOs), non-government organizations (NGOs) and community at HVS’ education programs is less than expected. Like any other educational enterprise, HVS’s education programs are faced with quite a number of problems. The study recommends that the Egyptian government should offer more financial contributions to organizations that provide education to street children. There is also an immediate need to engage other possible partners of HVS’s education programs. Moreover, more research should be carried out in the area of pedagogy of street children.
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Rethinking burgeoning political consciousness: student activists, the Class of ‘99 and political intent in Sierra Leone - Bolten, Catherine E. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 2009)
ABSTRACT This article uses interviews with former student activists in Sierra Leone to explore what ideals motivate students to participate in political action. In Sierra Leone, students used the military as a cover for their own democratic programme, initially by encouraging a coup that they wanted to partake in, later by joining the officer corps themselves. I challenge the notion that student interactions with the urban lumpenproletariat and ‘militariat’ serve as evidence for their desire to cloak a lack of ideals in popular violence; rather I argue that coalitions are built as needs must to push a particular agenda, whether or not the agenda is known to all participants. In this case, that agenda was to ensure that an idealistic intelligentsia had economic and political futures that they had been denied under a paternalistic dictatorship. In essence student activism was elitist, not popular.
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The efficacy of the eyethinksport training software programon South African high school cricketers - Calder, Sherylle L.; Kluka, Darlene A. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
The issue of enhancing an already superior visual system in elite athletes has led to several investigations dealing with intervention programmes designed to enhance visual performance. The influence of visual skillsenhancement programmes has been investigated (Coffey & Reichow, 1990; Calder, 2005; Love, Kluka, & Young, 2006; Kluka & Love, 2006).Researchers (Kluka & Love, 2006; Kluka, Love, Covington, Bristow, & Allison, 2000) have reported that elite athletes, when compared tononathletes, have superior visual abilities, measured through contrast sensitivity function, peripheral vision, visual reaction time, static visual acuity, eye movements, visual concentration, visual recognition andstatic/dynamic balance. Practical limitations, however, involves applicability to athletes. Where geographical location is considered, access to such training is a factor. A software programme, EyeThinkSport (Calder, 2006), was developed as an internet-based, self- administered intervention. Accessed through a personal computer with an internet link, the programme was designed to improve athlete’s visual abilities and decision making. The aim of this investigation was to determine the efficacyof the EyeThinkSport visual training software programme on selected cricket athletes at high school club level. Thirty high school level (aged13 – 19) cricket players participated. Each player had at least 3 years of cricket playing experience. Participants were divided into 2groups (E=15) and (C=15). Four phases of assessment were involved: (1) Series of preliminary visual assessments to establish testing protocol; (2) Pre-training programme assessment (pretest) using six different visualskills tests and five different cricket-specific skill tests (baseline data); (3) Three-week training programme using the EyeThinkSport software programme or a placebo; (4) Post training assessment (posttest) using 6 visual and 5 cricket-specific tests. All outcome variables were analyzed using a RM-ANOVA (group X time). Where significant interaction (p
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The effect of obesity on the physical self-concept of urban school children living in Potchefstroomareas of South Africa - Monyeki, M.A.; Pienaar, Anita E.; Mamabolo, RI; Temane, Michael (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of obesity on the physical self-concept of urban school children living in Potchefstroom,South Africa. A total of 277 (127 boys and 150 girls) children aged 11-13 years from urban schools in Potchefstroom voluntarily participated in cross-sectional, observational research study conducted in 2007. Stature and body mass were measured according to the International Society forAdvancement of Kinanthropomet ry (ISAK). The children were classi fied into three groups of normal, overweight and obese according to BMI cut-offpoint suggested by Cole, Bellizzi , Flegal and Dietz (2000). Susan Harter’s Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents was used to assess the self-percept ion of children. Descriptive statist ics of means and standard deviations as well as frequencies were calculated for the data. Nonparametric t-test wasemployed to test significant di fferences between boys and girls among the three groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post -hoc test werecalculated to examine the effect of obesity on the children’s physical self-concept. The results showed that overweight and obese children were tal ler and heavier than their normal counterparts. Furthermore, the resul ts showed that the overweight or obesity status significantly affected boys physical acceptance (F7.02 =2.62, p
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Factors affecting sports participation among female students at Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa - Nthangeni, A.S.; Haycock, E.; Toriola, A.L. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
The primary aim of this study was to examine factors affecting sport participation among resident and non- resident female students at Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Pretoria, South Africa. The studytargeted all students participating in 12 registered sports but due to the fact that only a limited number of the total populat ion of students engage in competitive sport, a sample of 148 participants completed the questionnaires. The non-part icipants included 259 students who volunteered to provide information for the study. Both categories of students completed structured questionnaires. Many of the participants(52%) indicated that their main motivation for engaging in sports was the possibi lity of receiving student bursary. Sixteen percent (16%) weremotivated by the belief that the university will give them free sport equipment, while 13% of the participants indicated that they were encouraged to take part in sport because of the possibility that theirclub membership will be subsidized. Thirty-nine percent of non-resident students also acknowledged the importance of sport bursaries as an incentive. Some of the non-participants (13%) indicated that they would engage in sport in future if they were provided wi th sporting equipment. The non- participants (26%) stated that expensive club membership was a major deterrent to involvement in universi ty sport. The resul ts have practical implications for effective promotion and managementof sport in universities. In developing st rategies aimed at promoting sport part icipat ion among female universi ty students, bursary awards, free equipment provision, membership fee subsidization and freeaccommodation, should be emphasized in conjunct ion with other incentives.
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Interns' knowledge of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics after undergraduate and on-going internship training in Nigeria: a pilot study - Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Senbanjo, Idowu O; Amole, O.O. (BMC Medical Education, 2009)
A sound knowledge of pathophysiology of a disease and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) of a drug is required for safe and rational prescribing. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how adequately the undergraduate CPT teaching had prepared interns in Nigeria for safe and rational prescribing and retrospectively, to know how they wanted the undergraduate curriculum to be modified so as to improve appropriate prescribing. The effect of internship training on the prescribing ability of the interns was also sought.A total of 100 interns were randomly selected from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja; Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idiaraba; General Hospital Lagos (GHL); the EKO Hospital, Ikeja; and Havana Specialist Hospital, Surulere. A structured questionnaire was the instrument of study. The questionnaire sought information about the demographics of the interns, their undergraduate CPT teaching, experience of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug interactions since starting work, confidence in drug usage and, in retrospect; any perceived deficiencies in their undergraduate CPT teaching.The response rate was 81%. All the respondents graduated from universities in Nigeria. The ability of the interns to prescribe rationally (66, 81.4%) and safely (47, 58%) was provided by undergraduate CPT teaching. Forty two (51.8%) respondents had problems with prescription writing. The interns would likely prescribe antibiotics (71, 87.6%), nonsteroidal analgesics (66, 81.4%), diuretics (55, 67.9%), sedatives (52, 62.9%), and insulin and oral hypoglycaemics (43, 53%) with confidence and unsupervised. The higher the numbers of clinical rotations done, the more confident were the respondents to prescribe unsupervised (chi2 = 19.98, P < 0.001). Similarly, respondents who had rotated through the four major clinical rotations and at least a special posting (chi2 = 11.57, P < 0.001) or four major clinical rotations only (chi2 = 11.25, P < 0.001) were significantly more confident to prescribe drugs unsupervised.Undergraduate CPT teaching in Nigeria appears to be deficient. Principles of rational prescribing, drug dose calculation in children and pharmacovigilance should be the focus of undergraduate CPT teaching and should be taught both theoretically and practically. Medical students and interns should be periodically assessed on prescribing knowledge and skills during their training as a means of minimizing prescribing errors.
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Developmental patterns in unwanted early sexual experiences of Belgian and South African students - Revell, Arlynn T. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
This study examined the developmental patterns in unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) of 3,689 fi rst year university students (South Africans = 1,081 and Belgians = 2,608). The Early Sexual Experience Checklist (ESEC) (Miller, Johnson & Johnson, 1991) was administered to all consenting first -year university students attending an orientationprogramme at a South African and a Belgian University. The data was processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. The chi-square test was used to compare di fferences between groups and ANOVA was used to determine the UESE withregard to bothersomeness. Of the respondents 21% indicated that they had an UESE before their 16th birthday (39.2% South Africans and 13.5%Belgians). Of South African women, 31.3% (231) reported UESE compared to 14.2% (226) of Belgian women and of South African men; 56.4% (189) indicated that they had an UESE compared to 12.3% (125) of Belgian men. Of respondents indicating an UESE, 16.8% (130) reported that they had an UESE before the age of 12 years and 62.9% (485) reported an UESEbetween the ages of 12 and 16 years. Significant differences were found between the under-12- year old group and the 12-16-year old group forseverity, frequency and duration of UESE as well as the perpetrator relationship. Relatives were also disproportionately represented asperpetrators of younger children. The under-12- year old group reporting UESE was more bothered about the event at the time it occurred than the 12-16-year old group but not significant ly. When completing the checklist the under-12-year old group was significantly more bothered by the UESE than the 12-16-year old group. This was the first study to be undertakenamong the students of a South African and a Belgian University regarding the developmental patterns in UESE.
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