The Implementation of the Creative Arts Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nigeria - Godwin, OI (African Research Review, 2009)
This paper focuses on the status of the implementation of the creative arts curriculum at the secondary school level.The New National Policy on Education recognized the creative Arts as core subjects at the junior secondary school level, but at the senior secondary school level, they are optional.With very good laid down objectives, one had expected that the curriculum would be able to produce creative, patriotic and productive Nigerians who will contribute optimally to national development, rather what we have on ground is a far cry from expectation, due to the poor implementation of the programme.Creative Art practices in our secondary schools presently is relegated to subordinate position to other subjects.Parents, sort of encourage their children/wards to paying more attention to science based discipline.Creative art teachers on their own part are not able to perform to the optimum, due to extraneous factors militating against the full realization of the laid down objectives.It is hoped that the result of this study will redirect educational planners to effect positive changes in the implementation of the creative arts curriculum.Through survey of a number of schools, interview and questionnaires administered to both teachers and students, a number of problems of implementation were identified and possible solutions were proffered.From the foregoing, the 6-3-3-4 system at the secondary school level is therefore geared towards not only theoretical concepts but application of
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U.S. Africa Command Hosts Combined Educational Training Seminar - Lapierre, Petty Officer st Class Daniel P. (2009)
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The interplay between learning and the use of ICT in Rwandan student teachers' everyday practice - Mukama, Evode (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2009)
Abstract The paper describes a study conducted in Rwanda involving 12 participants selected from a larger cohort of 24 final‐year university students who were part of a group‐based training programme. The programme was about how to search, retrieve, and use web‐based literature. Empirical data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The purpose was to explore ways of using information and communication technology (ICT) in student teachers' everyday learning practice. The study draws from a sociocultural perspective and emphasis is put on a literature review involving ICT in teacher education. The findings reveal that utilization of ICT pertains to three major types of variation among student teachers who use ICT: passive, reluctant, and active users. The active ICT users demonstrated a capacity to cross group boundaries and play a central role as agents of change in learning practice. The point is that more experienced student teachers can assist their colleagues in the zone of proximal development and, therefore, enhance the integration of the new technology in teacher education. This implies that having access to ICT together with some instruction is not sufficient to prompt students to start using this technology as a pedagogical tool. Moreover, confrontation of different experiences regarding the use of ICT can spearhead change in student teachers' learning practice through critical reflection.
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Media and Disability in Kenya - Njogu, Kimani (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2009)
Persons with disabilities (PWD) in Kenya become involved with the media for a wide range of reasons, including as reporters or activists challenging attitudes, practices, and policies, and to urge for a better representation of themselves and of their experiences. They may also be presented as newsmakers, such as in the case of the award-winning Kenyan athlete, Henry Wanyoike, who has won numerous medals despite his visual disability. In spite of these presences, media in Kenya have a long way to go in order to represent persons with disability in their completeness. Most media present persons with disabilities as objects of pity whose accomplishments must be held in awe. Yet the industry can play a central role in attitude and policy change at household, community, and national levels. In this article, we will consider ways in which media in Kenya can play a positive role in bringing to the fore disability issues, facilitating pro-disability behaviour, and ensuring the implementation of policies that protect the rights of people with disabilities.
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Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Disability: Implications on the Rights of Persons with Disability in Kenya - Otieno, Pauline A (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2009)
no abstract available
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Relationship between Stress Management Skills and Undergraduate Students’ Academic Achievement in Two Nigerian Universities - Owoyele, J.W (African Research Review, 2009)
This study investigated the relationship between stress management skills and academic achievement of undergraduate students in two Nigerian universities.A total of 800 undergraduate students randomly selected from two universities participated in the study.Three null hypotheses were tested using data generated from research instruments.The instruments included a modified stress management scale adopted from its original form found in Blonna (2005).It has reliability co-efficient of 0.81.Data generated from this instrument were correlated with current students' grade point average scores (G.P.A) using Pearson product moment correlation method.Results showed strong positive relationship between stress management skills and academic achievement.The relationship still exists when the data for each of the two genders were processed separately.It was recommended that stress management skills training should be given prominence in universities' guidance and counselling programmes while concerned authorities should endeavour to provide facilities that may help to reduce academic stress.
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"For I name thee…": Disability Onomastics in Kenyan Folklore and Popular Music - wa-Mûngai, Mbûgua (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2009)
no abstract available
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Impact of training and development on the performance of the employees of the general service unit-Kenya - Barmao, Daniel K (2009)
This study sought to look into the impact of training and development on performance on the employees of The General Service unit. The study was carried out between the months of July and September 2009. The study concentrated on training officers and people who were involved in training in one way or the other. This helped shed more light on the topic. The information was collected using questionnaires completed by training officers. The study found that there is no clear training policy in the organization, as most of the respondents are not familiar with it, but overall there is a slight improvement on the performance of the employees as is evident in the way crime has reduced according to Appendix III, IV and V.Although training needs is done in the organization it is not done frequently and might not address the needs of the employees as it is not dynamic and it takes time to implement the outcomes of these analyses and by the time it is being implemented crime could have mutated to something else. Where training needs analysis is done person analysis is the least used as compared to operational and organization. When it comes to evaluation of training the overall impact of training is rarely evaluated or it is not evaluated at all, this makes it difficult to get feedback of training and thereby training might be used when maybe it is not solving the organization problems.Training needs to be done in a professional way by professionals in the GSU. The people selected to offer training are not selected in a competitive way and they are transferred very often to various places so they do not get time to practice and to gain experience in one place.
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U.S. Servicemembers Deliver School Supplies to Tanzanian Students - Elmore, Master Sergeant Kenneth L. (2009)
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Prevalence and correlates of serious injury among students of classes 7 and 8 in Kenya. - Shaikh, Irshad Ali; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Siddiqui, Zulfiqar (PubMed, 2009)
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Climate Change in Africa: Adaptation, Mitigation and Governance Challenges - Besada, Hany; Sewankambo, Nelson K.; Lisk, Franklyn; Sage, Irene; Kabasa, John David; Willms, Dennis; Werner, Karolina; Orach, Christopher Garimoi; Isingoma, James Baanabe; Dybenko, Erica (2009)
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Comparative Effect of the Guided Discovery(GD) and Concept mapping Teaching Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students (SSSS) Chemistry Achievement in Nigeria - Ikedolapo, Oloyede Olufunlayo; Adetunji, Adeoye Femi (International Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2009)
The study compared the relative effectiveness of the guided discovery and concept mapping teaching strategies in relation to students’ performance in chemistry. A total of 360 SSS chemistry students who have registered for SSCE drawn from 4 secondary schools in Bauchi Local Government Area formed the sample for the study. A 40-item Chemistry Teacher Made Achievement Test (CMAT) with characteristics (0.35≤+≤0.72; 0.21≤d≤1.00 and KR 20 = 0.86) was administered on the students to generate data for analysis. The test items span all the intellectual levels of the cognitive domain. There were (retention) treatments. A t-test statistic was used to analyse the data obtained. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in he mean scores of he students due to the method post -post test (retention) treatments. There was also no significant difference due to gender when the mean scores of the students in each of the methods adopted were compared on the post-post test (retention) treatment.
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Introducing exploration geophysics to students using Ohm's law: A case study of prospecting for groundwater by Hlangabeza high school students in Nkayi rural district of Zimbabwe - Ndlovu, Shakes; Munjeri, K.; Munyaradzi, M.; Magombe, E.; Nyakotyo, H.; Magama, M. T. (International Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education, 2009)
This study sought to explain how a familiar physics topic of Ohm’s law of electricity can be used to explore the interior of the earth. The paper gives the theory on the resistivity method of exploration and how it is used for constant separation traversing and vertical electrical sounding. A fieldwork done by physics students from Hlangabeza high school, in Nkayi district, Matebeleland north province, Zimbabwe is given in detail. This involved locating a drilling site for a groundwater borehole. The Schlumberger depth sounding data where interpreted using a computer freeware. This was used to computer a layered earth model using least square technique to match the theoretical apparent resistivity curve as close as possible to the field curve. This provided depth information of the weathered layer above the bedrock at selected site. The overall results suggest that teaching physics can easily be done through putting theory into practice. The fieldworks demonstrated that they prop up the development of expert science behavior in students.
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Ethiopian-Australian Secondary School Students' Experiences - Bitew, Getnet (2009)
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Linking climate change and progressive eutrophication to incidents of clustered animal mortalities in different geographical regions of South Africa - Oberholster, Paul Johan; Botha, Anna‐Maria; Myburgh, Jan G. (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009)
Cyanobacterial blooms have become an increasing problem in South African freshwater bodies.Since certain species of cyanobacteria are well-known for biosynthesis of potent hepatic and neurotoxins, such blooms can pose a significant threat to the health of animals and humans.The massive proliferation of these organisms in rivers and lakes is largely due to progressive eutrophication.However, a warming trend in the Southern hemisphere, indicated by a threefold increase in the minimum temperature compared to maximum temperature between 1950 and 1990, is likely the cause of the increasing occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial bloom forming species, previously hampered by low water temperatures in different geographical regions of South Africa.
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Implementing music in an integrated arts curriculum for South African primary schools - Vermeulen, Dorette (2009)
ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv KEY CONCEPTS IN THE STUDY xi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xiv LIST OF TABLES xv LIST OF FIGURES xvii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY 1-1 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1-5 1.2.1 Main research question 1-6 1.2.2 To what extent do the views of policy makers of the national curriculum correspond with teachers’ experiences in their interpretation of an integrated arts curriculum? 1-7 1.2.3 How are education students trained to implement the integrated arts curriculum? 1-7 1.2.4 What are the suitable resources which support a meaningful implementation of music into the arts curriculum? 1-7 1.3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 1-9 1.3.1 Sampling strategy 1-10 1.3.2 Data analysis 1-11 1.4 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 1-11 Implementing music in an integrated arts curriculum for South African primary schools vi 1.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE STUDY 1-11 1.6 OUTLINE AND ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS 1-13 1.7 VALUE OF THE STUDY 1-14 1.8 NOTES TO THE READER 1-15 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.
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Factors contributing to pregnancies among student nurses at a nursing college in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa - Zungu, Lindiwe; Manyisa, Zodwa Margaret (2009)
In South Africa, unplanned pregnancies, especially in black communities remain a challenge. This survey was conducted at a nursing college in South Africa to identify and describe factors that contributed to pregnancies among student nurses enrolled at this college. A quantitative descriptive survey was done by using self-administered questionnaires. Seventy-seven female students of the targeted nursing college enrolled for the year 2006, completed questionnaires but only 75 of the returned questionnaires were usable. Of the respondents, 90.7% (n=68) were sexually active and 61.3% (n=46) had already experienced pregnancies and parenting due to ignorance, contraception failure, non-utilisation of contraceptives and the desire to have children. The effective use of contraceptive methods could reduce the rate of unplanned pregnancies among female student nurses enrolled at this college. Early sexual debuts and the contraceptives used were the main factors that contributed to pregnancies among students at the targeted nursing college.
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East Africa-Drought: Escalating Hunger (Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 2009)
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 46, Issue 9 p. 18406B-18406C East Africa—Drought: Escalating Hunger First published: 02 November 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2009.02562.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, Issue9November 2009Pages 18406B-18406C RelatedInformation
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Erratum: South African Journal of Education volume 29 number 1 (2009)
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Classroom Management And Academic Performance Of Pupils In Tarbaj Division,Tarbaj District Kenya - Adan, Gedi Abdille (2009)
A Research Report Presented To The Institute Of Open And Distance Learning Of Kampala International University In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Award Of The Degree Of Bachelor Of Education In Arts (Primary)
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Towards achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals: The imperative of reforming water pollution control and waste management laws in Nigeria - Adedeji, Adebukola Adenike; Ako, Rhuks (Desalination, 2009)
Nigeria is among the group of developing countries that have adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) blueprint as a veritable vehicle for poverty eradication, economic growth and sustainable development. However, the pollution of its surface water from discharges from domestic, industrial and agricultural waste degrading the quality of fresh water available to human needs and poor environmental sanitation cast serious doubt on Nigeria’s ability to meet the United Nations’ (UN) MDGs as most of the citizen still obtain water for domestic use from natural sources. This paper examines the efficacy of the legal framework that protects water from pollution. It concludes these laws are inadequate to meet the contemporary challenges of managing water that is an essential component to meet the UN’s MDG. Consequently, it suggests that further reforms are required to revise the legal framework to tackle these present challenges.
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Cost Analysis of Teacher Absenteeism in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Adeyemi, Kola; Akpotu, Nelson Ejiro (Journal of Social Sciences, 2009)
The paper was based on the contention that teacher absenteeism is costly, which could lead to wastage in the school system. Hence, the paper analyzed the cost of un-authorized teacher absenteeism in Nigerian secondary schools between 1997 and 1999, i.e. two academic sessions of 1997/98 - 98/99. The analysis revealed that the cost of absenteeism was relatively high when the dwindling financial allocation to education is put in mind. The analysis showed that the total cost of absenteeism for the period was N56.0 million (US $800,018) at N70/US $1 exchange rate that was in existence at that time. The yearly average cost was N26.0 million (US$400,009). The analysis also showed that cost of absenteeism seemed to be higher in Delta, Kwara and Ogun states when the % of sample was juxtaposed with the % of total cost of absenteeism. On the other hand, the cost of absenteeism seemed to be lower in Edo, Lagos and Ondo states, when their percentage of sample was juxtaposed with the percentage of total cost. Similarly, the average total unit cost of N222 ($3.2) of rural schools as against N220 ($3.1) of urban schools suggested that the cost of absenteeism could be a bit higher in the rural schools than the urban schools. The paper therefore, concluded that though the total money cost of un-authorized teacher absenteeism could be small (only 6.0% of the total actual teacher emolument during the period of study), such amount could constitute an enormous wastage. This included the un-quantified cost, especially to students in form of lessons not taught, going by the aggregate number of days (256,237) teachers were absent. An all-inclusive approach was suggested to reduce the incidence of unauthorized teacher absenteeism. This included better working conditions, comprehensive rural development, improved funding of schools and application of the available laws to check rate of absenteeism among teachers. It is hoped that these suggestions would make teachers to be more committed to their job, thereby encouraging better attendance, thus reducing the cost of wastage arising from teacher absenteeism.
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Mode of entry as a predictor of success in final year bachelor of education degree examinations in universities in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2009)
This paper investigates the mode of entry as a predictor of success in final year bachelor of education degree examinations in universities in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. As an ex‐post facto and correlational research, the study population comprised all the 1810 final year 400 level students in the two universities offering education courses, namely, the University of Ado‐Ekiti in Ekiti State and Adekunle Ajasin University in Ondo State, Nigeria. Out of this population, 760 final year 400 level students who scored a cumulative grade point average of 3.50 and above in the final bachelor of education degree in 2007–2008 academic year in the two universities were purposively selected for the study. The instrument used was an inventory while the data collected were analysed using percentages, correlation matrix, chi‐square test and multiple regression. The finding revealed that the pre‐degree mode of entry was the best predictor of success in the final year bachelor of education degree in the universities. Based on the findings, it was recommended that more emphasis should be given to the pre‐degree mode of entry in the admission process into universities in the two states, in a bid to achieve the goals of the National Policy on Education in providing the much needed qualitative education in Nigerian universities.
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Assessment of technical efficiency of farmer teachers in the uptake and dissemination of push–pull technology in Western Kenya - Amudavi, David M.; Khan, Zeyaur R.; Wanyama, J.; Midega, Charles A. O.; Pittchar, Jimmy; Nyang’au, Isaac Mbeche; Hassanali, Ahmed; Pickett, John A. (Crop Protection, 2009)
Use of farmers as extension agents to disseminate new technologies to others is increasingly being adapted in smallholder farming systems. This paper examined technical efficiency (TE) of farmer teachers in the uptake and dissemination of a ‘push–pull’ technology (PPT) for control of Striga weed and stemborers in Western Kenya. A total sample of 112 farmer teachers (FTs) and 560 follower farmers (FFs) who had adopted the PPT were randomly selected and interviewed between July and August 2007. The farm production constraints significantly reduced with an overall 53% margin following PPT uptake. Overall, there were considerable benefits from training resulting in significant differences in understanding and applying of PPT. The farmers' extension strategy had a significant multiplier effect in increasing PPT uptake. The average TE by FTs was 78% while FFs had 71% suggesting room for improvement. The TE was influenced by farmers' interactions with neighbouring farmers, memberships in local groups, type of farmer, farmer's age, marital status and farmer's level of education. The efficiency can be improved by providing farmers with incentives and training, increasing field demonstrations, providing Desmodium seed and credit for other needed inputs to accelerate PPT transfer.
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Effects of Reality Therapy and Assertiveness Training on the Psychosocial Problems of Female Prisoners in Lagos, Nigeria - Aneke, C.I (2009)
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Indigenizing civic education in Africa: Experience in Madagascar and the Sahel - Antal, Carrie; Easton, Peter (International Journal of Educational Development, 2009)
Abstract In Africa, as in many countries of the South, democratization is sometimes perceived as a process modeled upon outside – and specifically Northern – experience. Formal civic education programs in those countries arguably reflect the same bias and have not always been notably successful. Yet there are rich patterns of civic involvement and democratic process in African culture and in the myriad ways in which it has adapted to development challenges, often more successfully reflected in non-formal and informal education endeavors. This article reports on a comparative study of related experience in Madagascar and Sahelian West Africa and draws conclusions regarding ways to draw inspiration for school-based civic education from such ground-level sources.
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An Assessment of the Training Needs of Newly Appointed Principals of Junior South-South and South-West Regions of Nigeria - Arikewuyo, M. Olalekan (Research in Education, 2009)
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Modeling climate change mitigation from alternative methods of charcoal production in Kenya - Bailis, Robert (Biomass and Bioenergy, 2009)
Current carbon accounting methodologies do not accommodate activities that involve emissions reductions from both land-use change and energy production. This paper analyzes the climate change mitigation potential of charcoal production in East Africa by examining the impact of changing both land management and technology. Current production in a major charcoal producing region of Kenya where charcoal is made as a by-product of land clearance for commercial grain production is modeled as the “business-as-usual” scenario. Alternative production systems are proposed based on coppice management of native or exotic trees. Improved kilns are also considered. Changes in aboveground, belowground, and soil carbon are modeled and two distinct baseline assessments are analyzed: one is based on a fixed area of land and one is based on the quantity of non-renewable fuel that is displaced by project activities. The magnitude of carbon emissions reductions varies depending on land management as well as the choice of carbonization technology. However, these variations are smaller than the variations arising from the choice of baseline methodology. The fixed-land baseline yields annualized carbon emission reductions equivalent to 0.5–2.8 tons per year (t y−1) with no change in production technology and 0.7–3.5 t y−1 with improved kilns. In contrast, the baseline defined by the quantity of displaced non-renewable fuel is 2–6 times larger, yielding carbon emissions reductions of 1.4–12.9 t y−1 with no change in production technology and 3.2–20.4 t y−1 with improved kilns. The results demonstrate the choice of baseline, often a political rather than scientific decision, is critical in assessing carbon emissions reductions.
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Celebration at the Maasai Girls School in Southwest Kenya, April 2009 - Bergman, Abraham B. (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2009)
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Multiple inflation and deflation events at Kenyan volcanoes, East African Rift - Biggs, Juliet; Anthony, Elizabeth Y.; Ebinger, C. J. (Geology, 2009)
Research Article| November 01, 2009 Multiple inflation and deflation events at Kenyan volcanoes, East African Rift J. Biggs; J. Biggs 1Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E.Y. Anthony; E.Y. Anthony 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968-0555, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C.J. Ebinger C.J. Ebinger 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. Biggs 1Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA E.Y. Anthony 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968-0555, USA C.J. Ebinger 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 11 Feb 2009 Revision Received: 09 Jun 2009 Accepted: 12 Jun 2009 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2009 Geological Society of America Geology (2009) 37 (11): 979–982. https://doi.org/10.1130/G30133A.1 Article history Received: 11 Feb 2009 Revision Received: 09 Jun 2009 Accepted: 12 Jun 2009 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation J. Biggs, E.Y. Anthony, C.J. Ebinger; Multiple inflation and deflation events at Kenyan volcanoes, East African Rift. Geology 2009;; 37 (11): 979–982. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G30133A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The presence or absence of magma exerts a fundamental control on the distribution of strain in continental rift zones, yet the time scales of magma intrusion remain unconstrained. Using more than a decade of measurements from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), we detected geodetic activity at four of the eleven central rift volcanoes in the Kenyan sector of the East African Rift. Subsidence of 2–5 cm occurred at Suswa and Menengai over the period 1997–2000, ~9 cm of uplift was recorded at Longonot in 2004–2006, and ~21 cm of uplift occurred at Paka during 2006–2007. The deformation is episodic, and no deformation was observed at these volcanoes during other time periods. Preceding the inflation at Paka, we observed transient uplift and subsidence of a second, nearby source, likely associated with flow through a complex plumbing system. The best-fitting source models for each episode include inflation or deflation of a horizontal penny-shaped crack at a depth of 2–5 km. The episodic nature of the activity, its lack of correlation with seasons, and the preferred source geometry are all consistent with activity in the volatile-rich cap to a crystal-rich magma chamber beneath each of the four volcanoes. The presence of active magmatic systems beneath more than 40% of the volcanoes, and the 2007–2008 explosive eruptions at nearby Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, have implications for models of continental rifting, caldera volcanoes, geothermal resources, and volcanic and seismic hazard in rift zones. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Climate change sensitivity of the African ivory nut palm,Hyphaene petersianaKlotzsch ex Mart. (Arecaceae) – a keystone species in SE Africa - Blach‐Overgaard, Anne; Svenning, Jens‐Christian; Balslev, Henrik (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
Africa is the most vulnerable continent to future climate change. Profound changes are projected for southwestern Africa with increased drying, notably with delayed onset of the rainy season in September-November, and temperature increases in all seasons. The projected climate changes combined with land-use changes are thought to constitute the main threats to biodiversity in the 21st century. To be able to predict the potential impact on biodiversity, it is crucial to achieve a better insight into the controls of contemporary species ranges. Using species distribution modeling, we assessed the climate sensitivity of the key-stone palm species Hyphaene petersiana (African ivory nut palm) in southern Africa. We tested the relative roles of climate vs. non-climatic range-controls and found that climate had a clear effect on the range of H. petersiana and that especially water-related variables (annual precipitation and precipitation driest quarter) were of high importance. Nevertheless, latitude was the overall most dominant variable, reflecting spatial constraints on the continental-scale distribution. Of the remaining non-climatic factors, soil type and human influence were as important as the climatic factors. A future decrease in annual precipitation below 400 mm and hydrological changes towards drier conditions could cause a dramatic decline in H. petersiana populations, while the influence of temperature changes is less clear. The ongoing, unsustainable utilization pressures on this palm species by humans and livestock are likely to exacerbate the negative effect of future climate changes on its populations, especially, given the expected human population increase in Africa.
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Influence of climate change on algal community structure and primary productivity of Lake Malawi (East Africa) from the Last Glacial Maximum to present - Castañeda, Isla S.; Werne, Josef P.; Johnsona, Thomas C. (Limnology and Oceanography, 2009)
Biomarkers of aquatic algae and compound‐specific carbon isotopes are used to examine past variations in algal community composition and primary productivity in Lake Malawi. We note major changes at the Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary. From the Last Glacial Maximum until ~11.8 calendar years before present (kyr B.P.), Lake Malawi was characterized by either low rates of primary productivity or algal productivity that was dominated by a group other than diatoms. At the onset of the Holocene, conditions similar to those of modern Lake Malawi were initiated, with diatoms and nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria becoming more important contributors to primary productivity. The transition at ~11.8 kyr B.P. is likely related to a shift in the dominant wind direction over Lake Malawi, resulting from a southward shift in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone during the last glacial. Throughout the 23‐kyr B.P. record, the effects of wind‐induced upwelling are important and may be the main control on the carbon isotopic composition of algal lipids through delivery of 13 C‐depleted CO 2 , derived from organic matter decomposition in deeper waters, to the photic zone. Relationships are also suggested between thermal stratification and primary productivity, with cool conditions at ~12 and 8 kyr B.P. resulting in weaker thermal stratification and increased primary productivity. The opposite situation occurs at 4.9 kyr B.P., when significantly warmer temperatures and decreased algal productivity are observed. Thus, in lentic systems such as Lake Malawi the major influence of climate on algal ecology appears to be through feedbacks in physical circulation mechanisms.
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Addressing Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) - Cervigni, Raffaello; Pariente-David, Silvia; Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; Holten, Johanne; Cunill, Roger Coma (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
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Tackling the higher education needs of Kenya by the establishment of a private university franchise - Drew, Christopher N. J. (2009)
It is now generally accepted that to enable developing countries to compete in the global economy and be in control of their own destiny, the development of higher education (HE) should be a vital part of policy. The Kenyan economy is at a tipping point where skilled graduates are required but a lack of funding for HE means that only a small number of students are entering university each year. The aspirations of increasing numbers of qualified students are not being met. Without exploiting the potential of its population Kenya will remain impoverished. At the time of writing this thesis the Kenyan Government had no policy for increasing access to HE. This thesis focuses on tackling this dilemma by establishing a private university franchise operation in Kenya in partnership with London University utilising Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) and blended learning. The thesis utilises a case study of such a private HE college in Kenya in partnership with the University of London External Programme. I have been tasked with the management of the design, implementation and evaluation of the institution. The research field contains little assessment of the processes and outcomes of franchised HE in developing countries in Africa. The thesis aims to make a contribution to the research field in this regard. This thesis also looks at the process of creating a blended learning environment from initial problem analysis, through design and development, to implementation and evaluation. It draws on research literature and empirical work including interviews, diaries and questionnaires involving both staff and students. By outlining achievements, challenges, tensions and pitfalls it is hoped that the thesis can have a practical and professional significance and that insights can be drawn for HE institutions and policy makers in developing countries.
openalex: W105479458 mag: 105479458
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AIDS, Agriculture and Climate Change in Southern Africa - Drimie, Scott (Epidemiology, 2009)
ISEE-0728 Background and Objective: In southern Africa where AIDS is “hyper-endemic”, AIDS-related morbidity and mortality undermines livelihoods with negative outcomes for food and nutrition security. In turn, food insecurity places individuals at greater risk of being exposed to HIV, exacerbates the socio-economic impacts of AIDS, and worsens HIV-related illnesses. These serious interactions do not exist in isolation. Multiple shocks and stresses–social, economic, political, environmental, and health-related –continue to threaten the agricultural livelihood base of southern Africa. Compounding this, climate change will likely play a major role in the deep-rooted livelihoods crisis in a region reliant on rain-fed agriculture with limited capacity to adapt to climate stress. This paper will explore these interacting forces as a major area for future policy research. Methods: Secondary analysis of international literature, with particular reference to case study material on livelihood security, climate and HIV and AIDS in southern Africa. Results: It is likely that Southern Africa will experience the worst effects of climate change. Marginalised groups, including those impacted by AIDS, will suffer more from these impacts. Worsening interactions will continue to undermine coping strategies with possible negative outcomes in terms of food intake and disease burden. Clearly, the interactions between agriculture, as a major livelihood source, and climate change and HIV and AIDS are shaping the development pathways of this region. Conclusion: HIV and AIDS in southern Africa, through impacts on livelihoods, is making people more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, while the exposure to the impacts of climate change is making people vulnerable to the impacts of AIDS epidemic. Despite the apparent relationship, their linkage and interrelations has been near absent in both climate change and HIV and AIDS literature, which requires attention for future policy and programming.
openalex: W2028232701 mag: 2028232701
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Consultancy Report: Assessment of the Zambia College of Distance Education (ZACODE). - Ellis, Justin (2009)
openalex: W280635218 mag: 280635218
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Evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy for teaching neonatal resuscitation in West Africa - Enweronu‐Laryea, Christabel; Engmann, Cyril; Osafo, Alexandra; Bose, Carl (Resuscitation, 2009)
To evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy for teaching neonatal resuscitation on the cognitive knowledge of health professionals who attend deliveries in Ghana, West Africa.Train-the-trainer model was used to train health professionals at 2-3 day workshops from 2003 to 2007. Obstetric Anticipatory Care and Basic Neonatal Care modules were taught as part of Neonatal Resuscitation Training package. American Neonatal Resuscitation Program was adapted to the clinical role of participants and local resources. Cognitive knowledge was evaluated by written pre- and post-training tests.The median pre-training and post-training scores were 38% and 71% for midwives, 43% and 81% for nurses, 52% and 90% for nurse anaesthetists, and 62% and 98% for physicians. All groups of the 271 professionals (18 nurse anaesthetists, 55 nurses, 68 physicians, and 130 midwives) who completed the course showed significant improvement (p<0.001) in median post-training test scores. Midwives at primary health care facilities were less likely to achieve passing post-test scores than midwives at secondary and tertiary facilities [35/53 vs. 24/26 vs. 45/51 (p=0.004)] respectively.Evidence-based neonatal resuscitation training adapted to local resources significantly improved cognitive knowledge of all groups of health professionals. Further modification of training for midwives working at primary level health facilities and incorporation of neonatal resuscitation in continuing education and professional training programs are recommended.
openalex: W2127379639 mag: 2127379639
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The African Teledermatology Project: Providing access to dermatologic care and education in sub-Saharan Africa - Gabler, Gerald; Kaddu, Steven; Weinberg, Jennifer L.; Kovarik, Carrie L. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
openalex: W4384127162
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Developmental disabilities and behavioral problems among school children in the Western Cape of South Africa - Giarelli, Ellen; Clarke, Darren; Catching, Christopher; Ratcliffe, Sarah J. (Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2009)
This descriptive cross-sectional study estimates the frequencies and kinds of potential developmental disabilities (DD) and behavior problems (BP) among children in grades R and 1 who attend a primary public school in rural Western Cape Province, South Africa.Data were collected on 174 children aged 5.1-8.8 years using the Ten Question Screener (10QS) and the Developmental Behaviors Checklist-Short form.For the entire sample, 42% (n=73) screened positive for 1 or more possible DD on the 10SQ. Twenty-one percent (n=36) screened positive for one or more possible DDs. Thirty-six percent (n=63) of the sample scored above the cutoff for a behavioral problem that may be clinically significant. For this group the proportion of females (n=36, 39%) was slightly higher than males (n=28, 35%).The percent of possible DDs and BP among children in grades R and 1 is higher than the number of learners with special needs reported by the Principal for the entire school (18.7%). The findings from this study suggest that there may be more learners than formally designated who have special educational needs that may benefit from special educational programs (e.g. speech, occupational, language, etc.). There may be a need for expanded remedial educational and behavioral services in this school and elsewhere in the district.
openalex: W1986195646 mag: 1986195646
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The Asian Drivers and Africa: Learning from Case Studies - Goldstein, Andrea; Pinaud, Nicolas; Reisen, Helmut; McCormick, Dorothy (The World Economy, 2009)
Abstract (1248) Andrea Goldstein, Nicolas Pinaud, Helmut Reisen and Dorothy McCormick When the OECD Development Centre launched research in 2005 to document the economic, political and social impacts of China’s and India’s economic growth on sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, the arrival (or resurgence) of new important players had triggered concerns among traditional donors. Accusations ran from free riding on Western debt relief over violation of governance standards and unfair company competition to fragmentation of aid delivery. At the same time, there was a tendency to neglect the diversity of SSA in terms of resource endowments, trade links and industrial development. It was time then to promote African voices from various backgrounds to reflect Africa’s heterogeneity. The introductory section presents a summary of findings about the economic impact of the two Asian giants in SSA countries by Africa‐based economists, with three practical conclusions. First, African countries should favour strategies that minimise areas of direct competition with the Asian giants. Second, industrialisation strategies are required to exploit opportunities complementary to the Asian development path. Third, sectors of mutual interest should be identified in order to develop long‐term views on how to cooperate with China and India and these views should be mainstreamed into national development plans.
openalex: W2054273483 mag: 2054273483
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Training Programs That Add Value to the Work of the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary - Gom, Oring (Contemporary PNG Studies, 2009)
Many professional training activities have been undertaken by police officers in the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC) over the last decade. This means that many police officers have attended training programs and a lot of money has been spent on these activities. Nevertheless, there has been little evaluation to establish whether those training programs were value for money and applicable to their workplace situations. This research project was carried out on a small scale as an attempt to herald the need for respective authorities to consider carrying out formal evaluations to account for the resources invested in various training programs and to facilitate strategic directions for training in their organizations. The results of this research study indicated that most training programs for RPNGC officers were value for money especially computing, management and conflict resolution programs.
openalex: W2469010237 mag: 2469010237
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Final‐Year South African Dental Student Attitudes Toward a Research Component in the Curriculum - Grossman, E. S.; Naidoo, Sudeshni (Journal of Dental Education, 2009)
South Africa has recently introduced a compulsory research component into the undergraduate dental curriculum. This study was undertaken to establish how the students experienced the research exercise and what outcomes could be determined. A questionnaire of thirteen open‐ and closed‐ended questions was distributed to final‐year students at all four South African dental schools. A response rate of 56 percent was achieved, with 127 completed questionnaires returned. Forty‐four percent of students enjoyed the research, 34 percent would have liked to have done more research, and 92 percent regarded research as being important in dentistry. Open‐ended questions revealed that time, topic, financial, and group work issues hindered students’ research experiences. This is in common with dental undergraduates elsewhere. Positive outcomes related to acquaintance with scientific literature, desire for further study, support from their research supervisor, and acknowledgment of a constructive learning event. South African dental undergraduates may not like the research component, but this is not due to lack of enthusiasm on their part. It appears that both internal and external factors impacting the South African dental academic system are influencing their research experience and making it unattractive. These factors should be identified and addressed at the school level where it is possible to optimize student research training.
openalex: W2171284361 mag: 2171284361
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House-to-house survey of disabilities in rural communities in the north of the West Bank. - Hamdan, Motasem; Al-Akhras, N. (Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2009)
To identify the prevalence of disability and characteristics, conditions and needs of those with disabilities in rural communities in the north of the West Bank, 10 147 families were screened in a cross-sectional survey. Prevalence was 1.7% (806 persons with disabilities). Physical (34.0%), mental (15.9%) and speech (11.4%) disabilities were the commonest. The major cause as perceived by the families was heredity (30.5%): parental consanguinity was 50.8%. Economic conditions were the major problem for 41.1%, and the main barrier to receiving care: only 49.3% were receiving some kind of care. Integration in educational, work and social activities was low. Pressing needs included medical care, support equipment, and educational, physiotherapy and rehabilitation services.
openalex: W1761409029 mag: 1761409029
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Pathways to breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia: Investments in agricultural water, education, and markets - Hanjra, Munir A.; Ferede, Tadele; Gutta, Debel Gemechu (Agricultural Water Management, 2009)
Investments in agricultural water management should complement or strengthen the livelihood and coping systems of the rural poor, and should thus be instrumental for breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia. Underdeveloped water resources constrain progress towards poverty reduction. We examine linkages and complementarities between agricultural water, education, markets and rural poverty through an empirical study using household level data from selected villages in southern Ethiopia. We show that investments in irrigation can contribute to poverty reduction, but the poverty reducing impacts of irrigation water are greater when human capital and rural markets are well developed. The size of landholding, access to irrigation water, on-farm land and water conservation practices, literacy of the household head, and years of education of adults are all significant determinants of household welfare, and thus potential pathways for reducing poverty. Expansion of cultivated land, particularly irrigated land, universal literacy, and an extra school year for adults all reduce poverty, but reductions in poverty are greater when irrigation is combined with universal literacy. These findings call for simultaneous investments in agricultural water, education, markets and related policy support measures for reducing poverty in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia.
openalex: W2003341973 mag: 2003341973
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Why We Should Teach Democracy in Africa - Hapanyengwi-Chemhuru, Oswell (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2009)
Democracy has become a cherished ideal in Africa. Many countries in- Africa claim to be democratic with a number of them incorporating, the. word ‘democratic’ in their names. Liberation struggles were waged in the name of democracy, yet in terms of governance democracy appears to be the. one thing.that seems to elude Africa. Various happenings like genocide, ethnic cleansing; coups d’etats and other political disturbances are ample evidence of this failure to establish democratic governance in African states. It is in this context that it is argued in this paper that if Africa is to realize,the dream of attaining democracy, which its people have opted for, educational institutions must play their part by teaching the concept of democracy.. However, the teaching of democracy in schools requires that the whole community be involved through the establishment of democratic culture .in public institution if.it is to succeed. What the school teaches can only take root if it finds support within society. In other words, there is need for a holistic approach to democracy that results in democracy permeating.every aspect of life. Thus, the paper also discusses some of the ways in which democracy can be taught. The focus of the paper is Africa, not because Africa is the only continent in the world that is struggling to realize the ideal of democracy, but simply because of the situatedness of the writer in Africa. Being rooted in Africa, one is compelled to reflect on how life in A frica' can be improved given the diversity of the citizens of many African countries.
openalex: W1865043195 mag: 1865043195
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The impact of HIV education on nurses and nurse-midwives in Uganda - Harrowing, Jean N. (2009)
openalex: W2103717573 mag: 2103717573
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The teaching of Islamic studies in Mauritius - Heera, Abdool Moonib (2009)
openalex: W1496036367 mag: 1496036367
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Resistance exercise training reduces central blood pressure and improves microvascular function in African American and white men - Heffernan, Kevin S.; Fahs, Christopher A.; Iwamoto, Gary A.; Jae, Sae Young; Wilund, Kenneth R.; Woods, Jeffrey A.; Fernhall, Bo (Atherosclerosis, 2009)
Objective African American men have stiffer large central arteries and impaired dilation of smaller peripheral arteries when compared to their white peers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise training (RT) on vascular function and central blood pressure (BP) in young (22 years) African American and white men. Methods Vascular and hemodynamic measures were made in 19 African American and 18 white men at baseline and following 6-weeks of RT. Carotid BP and carotid/brachial artery β-stiffness were measured by tonometry and ultrasonography, respectively. Aortic BP was measured by radial artery tonometry and a generalized transfer function. Aortic stiffness was measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography before and during reactive hyperemia (RH) induced by 5-min of brachial artery occlusion. Results There were similar reductions in central BP and similar increases in FBF–RH in both African American and white men following RT (p < 0.05). There were no changes in brachial systolic BP, carotid stiffness, and aortic PWV in either group (p > 0.05). There was an increase in brachial stiffness in African American but not white men following RT (p < 0.05). Conclusions RT led to reductions in central BP and increases in microvascular endothelial function with no effect on central artery stiffness in both groups of young men. RT increased brachial stiffness in African American men. Measurement of conventional brachial BP does not capture the central hemodynamic and vascular response to exercise training due to disparate racial changes in regional vascular properties.
openalex: W2081659495 mag: 2081659495
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Into the cauldron: An interplay of indigenous and globalised knowledge with strong and weak notions of literacy and language education in Ethiopia and South Africa - Heugh, Kathleen (Language Matters, 2009)
Abstract This article draws attention to a long, pre-colonial as well as contemporary history of successes in mother-tongue literacy and bi/multilingual educational provision in Africa. Two case studies of literacy and language education in Ethiopia and South Africa are presented in order to demonstrate, even under resource-poor conditions, that it is possible to provide bilingual and multilingual education in Africa. System-wide studies in Ethiopia show that such opportunities, developed as a response to the domestic needs of an African country, deliver more successful learning outcomes than do second-language, monolingually driven systems. The South African example shows that although there is a multilingual education policy intent, its application is impelled towards expensive monolingual imperatives which draw on contemporary, external-to-Africa debates on education. Such imperatives have not brought the anticipated educational rewards – rather, the reverse. The data from the case-studies are sufficiently compelling to show that neo- and post-colonial obfuscation in education is outdated.
openalex: W1989519860 mag: 1989519860
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Teaching & Learning Guide for: Modern Syrian Politics - Hinnebusch, Raymond (History Compass, 2009)
Author’s Introduction The study of Syrian politics allows us to engage in multiple debates current in contemporary political science. Syria exemplifies the problematic of nation‐building as few states have been afflicted with such a radical disjuncture between territory and identity. As the Syrian state started out as notoriously unstable, its history allows us to understand the techniques and conditions in which stable authoritarian states have been constructed in the third world and Middle East. Syria fits well with the literature on authoritarian persistence and the failure of democratization in the Middle East. In this respect, Syria provides material relevant to topics such as neo‐patrimonialism, the role of the military in politics and also single party systems. Syria also provides material for studies of political economy, including such debates as the failure of populist roads to development, agrarian reform, of the role and character of state‐bourgeoisies and the difficulties of transition from statist‐centred to market economies. Finally, at the level of foreign policies, Syria’s role is quite distinctive, considered by some to be a rogue state and by others exemplifying rare defiance of US hegemony and resistance to globalization. Author Recommends While there is a considerable body of literature available in articles, the following are the classic book length studies in modern Syrian studies. R. Hinnebusch, Syria: Revolution from Above (London and New York: Routledge, 2001). An accessible, concentrated and comprehensive overview of modern Syrian history, politics, economy and foreign policy until the death of Hafiz al‐Asad. Should be read as a prelude and background to the following more indepth work on particular aspects or periods of the Syrian story. Philip Khoury’s two volumes are the classics on the pre‐independence period: Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: the Politics of Damascus, 1860–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983) and Syria and the French Mandate: the Politics of Nationalism 1920–1936 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987). Patrick Seale’s two volumes, The Struggle for Syria (London and Oxford: RIIA, Oxford University Press, 1965) and Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988) are highly readable, exhaustively researched and unmatched as histories, the first of the pivotal period of pre‐Ba’th political mobilization and the second of the shaping of Hafiz al‐Asad and his impact on modern Syria. S. Heydemann’s Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social conflict (Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1999) examines the political economy and class struggle in pre‐Ba’th Syria as a way of understanding Syria’s path under the Ba’th. I. Rabinovich’s Syria Under the Ba`th, 1963–1966: The Army‐Party Symbiosis (New York, NY: Halstead Press, 1972) gives an intimate portrait of the pivotal power struggles that set the course of Ba’thist Syria. Uniquely based on primary documents. N. V. Dam’s The Struggle for Power in Syria: Sectarianism, Regionalism and Tribalism in Politics, 1961–1980 (London: Croom‐Helm, 1981) is the most scholarly and well‐researched example of the popular “mosaic” interpretation of Syrian politics. V. Perthes’ The Political Economy of Syria under Asad (London: I.B Taurus, 1995) is the classic political economy of Syria under Hafiz. H. Batatu, Syria’s Peasantry, The Descendants of its Lesser Rural Notables and their Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999). The Ba’th state in many ways originated in peasant mobilization. Batatu examines the rural roots of the Syrian regime and its consequneces. For those interested in the details, his book may be read in tandem with the two volume work of R. Hinnebusch on a similar theme, Peasant and Bureaucracy in Ba`thist Syria: The Political Economy of Rural Development (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989); and Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba`thist Syria: Army, Party and Peasant (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990). E. Kienle, Contemporary Syria: Liberalisation between Cold War and Cold Peace (London: British Academic Press, 1994), examines various aspects of Syria’s economic liberalization under Hafiz. F. Leverett, Inheriting Syria: Bashar’s Trial by Fire (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 2005), carries the story forward to the post‐Hafiz period. Online Materials Syrian Studies Association: http://www.ou.edu/ssa/ The professional association of scholars of Syria. Centre for Syrian Studies, University of St. Andrews: http://www.st‐andrews.ac.uk/intrel/css/ Publishes the series, St Andrews Papers on Contemporary Syria , cutting edge research on contemporary Syrian political economy. Syria Comment: http://joshualandis.com/blog/ Extensive resource on contemporary Syrians affairs Syria History: http://www.syrianhistory.com/ An on‐line museum of modern Syrian history Creative Syria: http://creativesyria.com/discussion/thinktank.php Opinions by Syria analysts Levant Watch: http://levantwatch.blogspot.com/ Posts news and comment on Syria and Lebanon Syria Daily: http://syriadaily.com News reports on the Middle East and Syria Sample Syllabus Topic 1: Introduction to Syrian Studies. Focus Questions: What are the main issues in modern Syrian studies?; can rival “schools” or approaches be identified? Readings: R. Hinnebusch, “Modern Syrian Politics”, History Compass, 6 (Nov 2007): 263–285 R. Hinnebusch, Syria: Revolution from above , introduction. Topic 2: From Empire to sovereignty Focus Question: how did Syria’s trajectory from empire (s) to sovereignty create challenges for state builders. Readings: P. Khoury, Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: the Politics of Damascus, 1860–1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983). P. Khoury , Syria and the French Mandate: the Politics of Nationalism 1920–1936 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987). E. Dawn, “The Rise of Arabism in Syria’’, Middle East Journal, 16/2 (1962): 145–68. M. Muslih, “The Rise of Local Nationalism in the Arab East”, in R. Khalidi (ed.), The Origins of Arab Nationalism (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1991), 167–85. E.Tauber, The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq (London: Frank Cass, 1995). A. L. Tibawi, A Modern History of Syria (London: Macmillan, 1969). Z. N. Zeine, The Struggle for Arab Independence (Beirut: Khayats, 1960). Topic 3: State and Identity Focus Questions: Discuss the strategies by which Syrian state builders have dealt with the competition to the state from sub and supra‐state identities. Readings: J. Gelvin, Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass politics in Syria at the Close of Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998). M. Kedar, Asad in Search of Legitimacy (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2005). M. Maoz, “Attempts at Creating a Political Community in Modern Syria”, Middle East Journal, 26/4 (1972): 389–404. M. Van Dusen, “Political Integration and Regionalism in Syria,” Middle East Journal, 26/1 (1972): 123–136. R. Hinnebusch, “Syria under the Ba`th: State Formation in a Fragmented Society”, Arab Studies Quarterly, 4/3 (Summer 1982): 177–199. M. Mufti, Sovereign Creations: Pan‐Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq (Ithaca & London: Cornell U. Press, 1996). Topic 4: The Rise and Fall of Oligarchic Liberalism Focus Questions: What strategies did post‐independence elites and their rivals use to shape the pathway of Syrian political and economical development? Assess the roles of the military and of landlord‐peasant conflict in the de‐stabilization of the state. Readings: Hinnebusch, Revolution from Above ch 2. R. B. Winder, “Syrian Deputies and Cabinet Ministers: 1919–1959”, Middle East Journal, 16 (August 1962): 407–429 and 17 (Winter–Spring 1963): 35–54. P. Seale, The Struggle for Syria (London and Oxford: RIIA, Oxford University Press, 1965). M. Van Dusen, “Downfall of a Traditional Elite”, in F. Tachau (ed.), Political Elite and Political Development in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: Schenkman/Wiley, 1975), 115–155. G. Torrey, Syrian Politics and the Military, 1945–1958 (Columbus: Ohio State University, 1964). S. Heydemann, Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict (Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1999). Topic 5: Rise of the Ba’th Focus Questions: Was the rise of the Ba’th a revolution? Assess the different interpretations of the power struggles in the 1963–70 period? Readings: Hinnebusch, Revolution from Above , ch 3 K. S. Abu Jaber, The Arab Ba`th Socialist Party: History, Ideology, and Organization (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1966). J. Devlin, The Ba`th Party: A History from its Origins to 1966 , (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1976). M. Seymour, “The Dynamics of Power in Syria since the Break with Egypt”, Middle Eastern Studies, 6/1 (January 1970): 35–47. G. Torrey, “The Ba`th: Ideology and Practice’’, Middle East Journal , 23/4 (Autumn (1969): 445–470. N. Van Dam, The Struggle for Power in Syria: Sectarianism, Regionalism and Tribalism in Politics, 1961–1980 (London: Croom‐Helm, 1981). A. Perlmutter, “From Obscurity to Rule: The Syrian Army and the Ba`th Party”, Western Political Quarterly, 22/4 (1969). I. Rabinovich, Syria Under the Ba`th, 1963–1966: The Army‐Party Symbiosis (New York, NY: Halstead Press, 1972). Topic 6: The Consolidation of the Asad Regime Focus Question: How did Asad consolidate the Ba’th regime? Readings: Hinnebusch, Revolution from Above , ch 4, 5 H. Batatu, “Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria’s Ruling Military Group and the Causes of its Dominance”, Middle East Journal , 35/3 (1981): 331–344. A. Dawisha, “Syria Under Asad, 1970–1978: The Centres of Power”, Government and Opposition , 13/3 (Summer 1978): 341–354. A. Drysdale, “Ethnicity in the Syrian Officer Corps: A Conceptualization”, Civilisations, 29/3–4 (1979): 359–373. A. Drysdale, “The Syrian Political Elite, 1966–1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis”, Middle Eastern Studies, 17/1 (1981b): 3–30. M. A. Faksh, “The Alawi Community of Syria: A New Dominant Political Force”, Middle Eastern Studies, 20/2 (April 1984): 133–153. R. Hinnebusch, Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba`thist Syria: Army, Party and Peasant (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990). M. Kedar, Asad in Search of Legitimacy (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2005). E. Picard, “Clans militaires et pouvoir ba`thiste en Syrie”, Orient , Hamburg, (1979): 49–62. M. Maox , Asad, the Sphinx of Damascus: A Political Biography (New York, NY: Grove Weidenfeld, 1988). Y. Sadowski, “Ba’thist Ethics and the Spirit of State Capitalism: Patronage in Contemporary Syria”, in P. J. Chelkowski and R. Pranger (eds.), Ideology and Power in the Middle East (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988), 160–184. P. Seale, Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988). L. Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric and Symbols in Contemporary Syria (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1999). E. Zisser, Asad’s Legacy: Syria in Transition (London: Hurst, 2001). E. Zisser, Decision Making in Assad’s Syria (Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1998). Topic 7: Ba’thist Political Economy Focus Question: Analyze the class content of Ba’thist development strategies and explain their evolution. Readings: Hinnebusch, Revolution from Above , ch 6. A. Drysdale, “The Regional Equalization of Health Care and Education in Syria since the Ba`thi Revolution”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 13 (1981a): 93–111. S. Heydemann, “The Political Logic of Economic Rationality: Selective Stabilisation in Syria”, in H. Barkey (ed.), The Politics of Economic Reform in the Middle East (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992), 11–39. R. Hilan, Culture et developpement en Syrie et dans les pays retardes (Paris: Editions Anthropos, 1969). R. Hinnebusch, “The Political Economy of Economic Liberalization in Syria”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995): 305–320. R. Hinnebusch, “Syria: the Politics of Economic Liberalization”, Third World Quarterly , 18/2 (1997): 249–256. E. Longuenesse, “La classe ouvriere au Proche Orient: La Syrie”, Pensee , 197 (February 1978): 120–132. E. Longuenesse, “The Class Nature of the State in Syria”, MERIP Reports, 9/4 (1979): 3–11. V. Perthes, “The Bourgeoisie and the Ba’th”, Middle East Report, 21/170 (May–June 1991): 31–37. V. Perthes, “The Syrian Private Industrial and Commercial Sectors and the State”, International Journal of Middle East Studies , 24/2 (May 1992): 207–230. V. Perthes, The Political Economy of Syria under Asad (London: I.B Taurus, 1995). D. Waldner, State Building and Late Development in Syria, Turkey, Korea and Taiwan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999). Topic 8: Agrarian Politics and Policy Focus Question: Discuss the change in the Syrian countryside under the Ba’th Readings: F. Metral, “State and Peasants in Syria: A Local View of a Government Irrigation Project”, Peasant Studies, 11/2 (1984): 69–89. Z. Keilany, “Land Reforms in Syria,’’ Middle Eastern Studies, 16 (1980): 208–224. R. Hinnebusch, Peasant and Bureaucracy in Ba`thist Syria: The Political Economy of Rural Development (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989). H. Batatu, Syria’s Peasantry, the Descendants of its Lesser Rural Notables and their Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999). I. Za`im, “Le probleme agraire Syrien: Etapes et bilan de la reforme”, Developpement et Civilisations, 31 (1967): 68–78. J. Hannoyer, “Grands projects hydrauliques en Syrie: La tentation Orientale”, Maghreb‐Machrek, 109 (July–August 1985): 24–42. Topic 9: State and Islam in Syria. Focus Questions: Why did Islamic revolution fail in Syria? What residue has the struggle of regime and political Islam left on their relations? Readings: U. F. Abd‐Allah, The Islamic Struggle in Syria (Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1983). H. Batatu, “Syria’s Muslum Brethren”, MERIP Reports, 12/110 (Nov–Dec 1982): 12–20. R. Hinnebusch,. “State and Islamism in Syria”, in A. S. Sidahmed and A. Ehteshami (eds.), Islamic Fundamentalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996), 199–214. T. Mayer, “The Islamic Opposition in Syria, 1961–1982”, Orient, 24/4 (December 1983): 589–609. H. G. Lobmeyer, Opposition and Resistance in Syria (London: IB Tauris, 2001). I. Weismann, “Said Hawwa: The Making of a Radical Muslim Thinker in Modern Syria”, Middle Eastern Studies , 29 (1993): 607–11. Topic 10: Leadership Succession and Authoritarian Adaptation under Bashar Focus Question: Explain authoritarian persistance and adaptation in Syria (that is, what techniques and conditions have enabled the regime to evade democratization) Readings: R. Hinnebusch, “Calculated Decompression as a Substitute for Democratization: Syria”, in B. Korany, R. Brynen and P. Noble (eds.), Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World (Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner Press, 1998), 223–240. E. Kienle, Contemporary Syria: Liberalisation between Cold War and Cold Peace (London: British Academic Press, 1994). A. George, Syria: Neither Bread Nor Freedom (London & New York: Zed Books, 2003) Haddad, Bassam., ‘Change and Stasis in Syria: One Step Forward…”, Middle East Report , 29/4 (winter 1999). V. Perthes, Syria under Bashar al‐Asad: Modernisation and the Limits of Change. Adelphi Papers (London: Oxford University Press for IISS, 2004). D. Lesch, The New Lion of Damascus: Bashar al‐Asad and Modern Syria (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005). F. Leverett, Inheriting Syria: Bashar’s Trial by Fire (Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 2005). E. Zisser, “Bashar al‐Asad and his Regime – Between Continuity and Change”, Orient , 45/2 (June 2004): 239–256. E. Zisser, Commanding Syria: Bashar al‐Asad and the First Years in Power (London: I.B. Taurus, 2006). S. Abboud, “The Transition Paradigm and the Case of Syria”, in Syria’s Economy and the Transition Paradigm (St Andrews: St Andrews Papers on Contemporary Syria, 2009), 3–31. Topic 11: Syrian Foreign Policy Focus Question: Discuss the Determinants of Syrian Foreign Policy Readings: Hinnebusch, Revolution from Above, chapter 7. P. Seale, Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988). A. Dawisha, ‘Syria’s intervention in Lebanon, 1975–1976’, Jerusalem Journal of International Relations , 3/2–3 (1978): 245–64. A. Drysdale and R. Hinnebusch, Syria and the Middle East Peace Process (New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991). A. Ehteshami and R. Hinnebusch, The Syrian‐Iranian Alliance : Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System (London, Routledge, 1997). E. Chalala, “Syrian Policy in Lebanon: 1976–1984: Moderate Goals and Pragmatic Means ”, Journal of Arab Affairs , 4/1 (Spring 1985): 67–87. H. Cobban, The Israeli‐Syrian Peace Talks: 1991–96 and Beyond (Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace Press,1999). Seminar Project Imagine you are advisor to President Bashar al‐Asad. Write a report recommending reforms necessary to revive Syria’s economy. This report must be practical, not purely theoretical, in that it takes account of Syria’s political and social realities, the historically constructed norms shared between leaders and public, and the constraints, resources and opportunities perceived by policy‐makers.
openalex: W1996308230 mag: 1996308230
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Environment and academic performance of physically handicapped learners in regular schools of Gachoka division, Mbeere district Kenya. - Ireri, Modest A W. (2009)
A Research Report Submitted To The Institute Of Open And Distance Learning In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of The Bachelor’s Degree In Education (Science) Of Kampala International University.
openalex: W3084479758 mag: 3084479758
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Causes of girl child drop out from school in Yatta District, Kenya - Janet, Kalekye Nekea (2009)
Research report submitted to the institute of Open and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of a bachelor of Education in Early Childhood and Primary Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3026110904 mag: 3026110904
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Race‐ing through the school day: African American educators' experiences with race and racism in schools - Jay, Michelle (International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 2009)
This article examines the ways African American educators experience themselves as raced individuals in their school settings and explores their perceptions of racial discrimination, subordination, and isolation. For this study, five African American educators participated in in‐depth phenomenological interviews. Qualitative data analysis of their stories revealed seven major thematic experiences: (1) hyper‐visibility/invisibility; (2) intersecting identities; (3) challenging assumptions; (4) challenges to authority; (5) pigeonholing; (6) presumptions of failure, and (7) coping fatigue. The study confirms several tenets of critical race theory including the assertion that racism is not aberrant, but endemic and permanent in American society, and routinely exists in public schools. The study further suggests that those most directly positioned to bring about necessary, concrete change aimed at addressing racial discrimination and prejudice in schools are building‐level administrators.
openalex: W2023197895 mag: 2023197895
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Effects of Drug Abuse On the Academic Performance of Primary Pupils in the Selected Schools of Kagundu Location, Murang' a South District Kenya - John, Zipporah Wairimu (2009)
A Research Report Submitted To the Institute Of Open and Distance Learning In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree Bachelor of Education (Science) Of Kampala International University
openalex: W3104295550 mag: 3104295550
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Hearing impaired learners in schools in Kenya - Kajirwa, Janet M (2009)
openalex: W2610410906 mag: 2610410906
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Financial resources and academic performance of pupils in primary schools within Jinja district, Uganda - Kalwera, Grace (2009)
A research report submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of a Diploma in Primary Education of Kampala International University
openalex: W3080929951 mag: 3080929951
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The incorporation of environmental education for sustainability in the Namibian Colleges and Education - Kanyimba, Alex Tubawene (2009)
submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Environmental Education
openalex: W2224615046 mag: 2224615046
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Freshwater management and climate change adaptation: Experiences from the Great Ruaha River catchment in Tanzania - Kashaigili, Japhet J.; Rajabu, Kossa R.M.; Masolwa, Petro (Climate and Development, 2009)
Abstract Adaptation to anthropogenic climate change is becoming vital to freshwater ecosystems and resource management, but climate adaptation can be purposeful or unintentional. This paper presents lessons from an assessment of an autonomous adaptation in the Great Ruaha River catchment in Tanzania following WWF intervention. The project was designed to address challenges resulting from natural resource use and existing levels of climate variability by changing water resource management. The study applied participatory methods and an open-ended questionnaire to collect data. The study found key adaptation benefits, including reduced vulnerability to drought and strengthened local water user associations and other regional institutions. As a result of the project interventions from 2003 to 2009, rural livelihoods became more profitable and water-sustainable, and local livelihood strategies were diversified. Regional ecosystems improved as a result of restoring river flows in some rivers, conservation of riparian vegetation and halting tree felling for charcoal production. As a result of these changes the communities and ecosystems in the Great Ruaha River catchment should be more resilient to emerging climate change impacts, yet the need for further physical interventions and institutional reform is identified. The study concludes that strengthening local institutions and capacity building are fundamental to climate change adaptation and sustainable freshwater management. Keywords: climate change adaptationclimate vulnerabilityfreshwater managementGreat Ruaha Riverinstitutionssustainability
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Adapting to the impacts of climate variability and change on agriculture: a model-based exploration across different scales in Ethiopia. - Keulen, H. van; Kassie, Belay T. (2009)
openalex: W2573029220 mag: 2573029220
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The application of Qur'ān and Hadith in the teaching of life skills in Muslim schools in South Africa - Khan, Sadia (2009)
openalex: W2170748185 mag: 2170748185
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Child Abuse and its Effect on Academic Performance of Pupils in Kesses Division, Wareng District, Kenya. - Kimengich, David Kimoroso (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the A Ward Degree Bachelor of Education of Kampala International University.
openalex: W3036298370 mag: 3036298370
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Seeking transformative partnerships: schools, university and the practicum in Papua New Guinea - Kula-Semos, Maretta (2009)
Contemporary Papua New Guinea is shaped by geographical isolation, population expansion, a predominant subsistence economy, by colonial, and post-colonial histories, and by neocolonialism in the context of globalization. Within this context, education, economic, and social goals, institutionally constituted, are shaped by bureaucracy and a regime of policy. Recent developments in teacher education, nationally and internationally, highlight the importance of partnerships. While the system itself is highly westernised partnerships that are effective in promoting quality teacher education for the full range of social groups in PNG society will need to recognise and respond to Indigenous knowledges and understandings of partnerships. This study explores the problematic, yet critical nature of teacher education partnerships in PNG in the context of globalised policy and post-colonial reform agendas. On the one hand, teacher education institutions operate as state controlled policy and reform sites to promote government goals of economic development. On the other hand, teacher education institutions are also expected to fulfil their educational roles as democratic sites that promote issues of social justice. Within that context partnerships are intended to add to capacity building through the enhancement of teaching and learning, research, scholarship and community engagement in a modern university context. The study involves two distinct components. Firstly, it documents and analyses historical partnerships in teacher education. Secondly, it examines contemporary teacher education partnerships including the place of western and Indigenous knowledge systems through key teacher education documents from the University of Goroka (UOG). The study engages both critical and postcolonial lenses drawing largely from Kincheloe and McLaren’s (1994) conceptual framework of critical theory to identify and analyse power relations that are social and historically constituted, and further to uncover the role of language as central to the formation of relations of power. Critical theory provides the framework for uncovering power relations embedded in discourse. Postcolonial theory provides the context for an analysis of knowledge and power from an Indigenous perspective. Discourse as power is examined in three ways; essentially dominant as ‘power over’, mutually shared as ‘power with’, and intrinsically generated as ‘power-from-within’. The study draws on Fairclough’s (1992, 1995) three-dimensional framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyse key policy reform and enactment documents, specific to the secondary teacher education sector in PNG from 1997 – 2005. It does so, firstly, to uncover how the discourses of university teacher education programs position schoolteachers in teacher education, secondly, to ascertain how university teacher education programs conceptualise partnerships, and thirdly, to highlight and establish the need for socially transformative partnerships in the context of PNG. Reform discourses, articulated in UOG’s mission and vision statements, and embodied in its curriculum and pedagogy through course programs and the teaching practice handbook, as well as through curriculum review reports, consistently affirmed the dominant university position through ‘power over’ discourses to shape the nature of teacher education programs, including partnerships. Colonial discourses largely shape partnerships as cooperative agreements of shared understandings to serve a common purpose. Schoolteachers are positioned as cooperative and obligatory public servants. Post-colonial discourses extend beyond to establish bureaucratic systems that shape partnerships as regulated mechanisms whereby schoolteachers’ roles and responsibilities are defined and monitored. Scientific, technical, and rationalistic knowledge shape teacher education programs with focus on training teachers to transmit knowledge. More recently neocolonial partnership discourses are largely conceived as marketing networks that function like business ventures. Schoolteachers are positioned as professional workers serving State goals of economic rationalisation as they engage in discourses of marketisation and new knowledge economy. Although teacher education policy texts draw from globalised policy reform agendas to reflect international practices, fundamentally the notion of partnerships in PNG is shaped by social practices of relationships constituted by wider political, social, moral, spiritual, and ethical domains of Indigenous societies. In post-colonial PNG binary oppositions, like formal / informal, English / vernaculars, and partnerships / relationships, exist paradoxically hence the contentious nature of partnerships and marginalisation of schoolteachers. As Thaman (2001) contends, “traditional cultural values underpin much of what people emphasize and think about” (p.1) and so in the contexts of formal schooling, many teachers occupy culturally ambiguous positions (Thaman, 2001). For PNG, schoolteachers serve in communities where they are constantly engaged in social relationships with others. In important respects, their experience of power is ‘power with’; one of sharing in relationship with others. The pre-colonial Barter Trade system in PNG provides the context for a reconceptualised modern Indigenous teacher learning framework of social transformation. Consequently a transformation of Indigenous Melanesian knowledges and wisdom is conceived through a theorising of Pasin. Drawing on notions of ‘power-from-within’ and ‘power with’ Pasin conceives learning as social practice of participation and interaction. Pasin entails four interrelated cycles of learning; Lainim Pasin to know, Soim Pasin to do, Skelim Pasin to reflect, Stretim Pasin to resolve, which collectively encompass Luksave Pasin to become. Pasin LukSave constitutes and is constituted by social reciprocity which shapes the nature of the relationship. In a modern university context, Pasin is inherently an optimistic outlook hence the study also draws from the framework of robust hope (Halpin, 1997, 2003). The central significance is the emphasis placed on integration of Indigenous Melanesian knowledges and western knowledge system with the possibility of transformative partnership models of inquiry communities in teacher education. Power and how it operates remains an under-explored area in education, especially in PNG education. To address this issue, the study of how teacher education documents construct partnerships examines structural, ideological, and discursive power, with the view to transforming dominant practices. The study is limited to the case of UOG in PNG consequently; it has no capacity to generalise to other institutions or contexts. However, its analysis of the way power operates in the problematic relationship between western knowledge and Indigenous Melanesian knowledges and wisdom in the teacher education program at UOG, proffers the possibility of a transformation of the relationships between these knowledge systems, the institution and the communities it serves. This understanding offers insights into the possible relationships between Indigenous Melanesian knowledges and western knowledge and practice that are potentially of wider value.
openalex: W63279559 mag: 63279559
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Syn- and post-eruptive volcanic processes in the Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia, and implications for the emplacement of South African-style kimberlite pipes - Kurszlaukis, S.; Mahotkin, I.L.; Rotman, A. Ya.; Kolesnikov, G.V.; Makovchuk, Igor (Lithos, 2009)
Abstract The Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, with a surface area of 59 ha, is one of the largest pipes in the Yakutian kimberlite province. The Devonian pipe was emplaced under structural control into Lower Paleozoic karstic limestone. The pipe complex consists of several smaller precursor pipes which are cut by the large, round Main pipe. While the precursor pipes show many features typical for root zones, Main pipe is younger, cuts into the precursor pipes and exposes well-bedded volcaniclastic sediments. The maximum estimated erosion since emplacement is 250 m. Open pit mapping of a 180 m thick kimberlite sequence documents the waning phases of the volcanic activity in the kimberlite pipe and the onset of its crater infill by resedimentation. Three volcanic lithofacies types can be differentiated. The deepest and oldest facies type is a massive volcaniclastic rock (“AKB”) only accessible in drill core. It is equivalent to Tuffisitic Kimberlite in South African pipes and thought to be related to the main volcanic phase which was characterized by violent explosions. The overlying lithofacies type comprises primary and resedimented volcaniclastic sediments as well as rock avalanche deposits sourced from the exposed maar crater collar. It represents the onset of sedimentation onto the crater floor during the waning phase of volcanic eruptions, where primary pyroclastic deposition was contemporaneous with resedimentation from the tephra wall and the widening maar crater. Ongoing volcanic activity is also testified by the presence of a vertical feeder conduit marking the area of the last volcanic eruption clouds piercing through the diatreme. This feeder conduit is overlain by the third and youngest lithofacies type which consists mainly of resedimented volcaniclastic material and lake beds. During the sedimentation of this facies, primary volcanic activity was only minor and finally absent and resedimentation processes dominated the crater infill. The Yubileinaya pipe complex exposes root zones, contact breccias as well as diatreme and crater infill sediments. It has all features typical of large South African-style pipes and much can be learned from Yubileinaya about the emplacement sequence and behaviour of these pipes. Emplacement of the pipe occurred over an extended time span with intermittent phases of volcanic quiescence and consolidation. The AKB reveals little direct evidence of what sort of emplacement process was dominant during the main period of volcanic activity. There is neither textural evidence that violent degassing of a juvenile gas phase has caused pipe excavation, nor that external water was present during the main phase of volcanic eruptions. However, there is clear evidence in rock textures that meteoric surface water was present during crater infill. Base surge deposits forming part of the bedded crater infill sequence indicate that water was present in the eruption clouds and, hence, the root zone of the pipe. There is no reason to assume that groundwater did not also have access to the ascending magma during the main phase of volcanic activity that excavated the pipe and formed the AKB.
openalex: W2059125646 mag: 2059125646
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Climate change mitigation by carbon stock – the case of semi-arid West Africa - Lykke, Anne Mette; Barfod, Anders S.; Svendsen, Gert Tinggaard; Greve, Michelle; Svenning, Jens‐Christian (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
Semi-arid West Africa has not been integrated into the afforestation/reforestation (AR) carbon market. Most projects implemented under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have focused on carbon emission reductions from industry and energy consumption, whereas only few (only one in West Africa) have been certified for AR carbon sequestration. A proposed mechanism, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) to be discussed under COP15 aims to reduce emissions by conserving already existing forests. REDD has high potential for carbon stocking at low costs, but focuses primarily on rain forest countries and excludes semi-arid West Africa from the preliminary setup. African savannas have potential to store carbon in the present situation with degrading ecosystems and relatively low revenues from crops and cattle, especially if it is possible to combine carbon stocking with promotion of secondary crops such as food resources and traditional medicines harvested on a sustainable basis. Methods for modelling and mapping of potential carbon biomass are being developed, but are still in a preliminary state. Although economic benefits from the sale of carbon credits are likely to be limited, carbon stocking is an interesting option if additional benefits are considered such as improved food security and protection of biodiversity.
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Assessment of Acute Trauma Care Training in Kenya - Macleod, Jana; Gravelin, Sara; Jones, Tait; Gololov, Alex; Thomas, Michelle; Omondi, Benson; Bukusi, Elizabeth A. (The American Surgeon, 2009)
An Acute Trauma Care (ATC) course was adapted for resource-limited healthcare systems based on the American model of initial care for injured patients. The course was taught to interested medical personnel in Kenya. This study undertook a survey of the participants’ healthcare facilities to maximize the applicability of ATC across healthcare settings. The ATC course was conducted three times in Kenya in 2006. A World Health Organization (WHO) Needs Assessment survey was administered to 128 participants. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Ninety-two per cent had a physician available in the emergency department and 63 per cent had a clinical officer. A total of 71.7 per cent reported having a designated trauma room. A total of 96.7 per cent reported running water, but access was uninterrupted more often in private hospitals as opposed to public facilities (92.5 vs 63.6%, P = 0.0005). Private and public employees equally had an oxygen cylinder (95.6 vs 98.5%, P > 0.05), oxygen concentrator (69.2 vs 54.2%, P = 0.12), and oxygen administration equipment (95.7 vs 91.4%, P > 0.05) at their facilities. However, private employees were more likely to report that “all” of their equipment was in working order (53 vs 7.9%, P < 0.0001). Private employees were also more likely to report that they had access to information on emergency procedures and equipment (64.4 vs 33.3%, P = 0.001) and that they had learned new procedures (54.8 vs 25.4%, P = 0.002). Despite a perception of public facility lack, this survey showed that public institutions and private institutions have similar basic equipment availability. Yet, problems with equipment malfunction, lack of repair, and availability of required information and training are far greater in the public sector. The content of the ATC course is valid for both private and public sector institutions, but refinements of the course should focus on varying facets of inexpensive and alternative equipment resources. Furthermore, the implementation of this course should create a setting that advocates, promotes, and investigates resources. The WHO survey can guide future research in understanding impediments to implementing essential trauma care courses for resource limited healthcare systems.
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Reconstruction versus transformation: Post-war education and the struggle for gender equity in Sierra Leone - Maclure, Richard; Denov, Myriam (International Journal of Educational Development, 2009)
In post-war contexts, education is widely regarded as essential not only for civic reconciliation, but also as a key force for gender equity. In Sierra Leone, however, despite enhanced educational opportunities for girls, much of the emphasis on post-war educational reconstruction is unlikely to rectify gender inequities that remain entrenched within mainstream schooling and in the broader social context. Yet the capacity of education to contribute to gender-based change has not been entirely muted. Several women's associations are supporting girls’ education as integral to economic and political actions aimed at challenging the hegemony of patriarchy and gendered violence. What remains to be seen is whether these discrete efforts can foster a women's movement capable of altering the structures of patriarchal power in Sierra Leone.
openalex: W2070702620 mag: 2070702620
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Drug abuse in the secondary school in Kenya : developing a programme for prevention and intervention - Maithya, Redempta (2009)
openalex: W1554576748 mag: 1554576748
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Refiguring Rhetorical Education: Women Teaching African American, Native American, and Chicano/a Students, 1865–1911 - McConnell, Kathleen (Quarterly Journal of Speech, 2009)
Jessica Enoch, Refiguring Rhetorical Education: Women Teaching African American, Native American, and Chicano/a Students, 1865–1911 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008), xii + 225...
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Effect of Substance Use on Academic Achievement of Health Officer and Medical Students of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia - Meressa, Kalayu; Mossie, Andualem; Gelaw, Yeshigeta (Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 2009)
openalex: W2561751228 mag: 2561751228
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Perceptions of teachers on the benefits of teacher development programmes in one province of South Africa - Mestry, Raj; Hendricks, Ilona; Bisschoff, Tom (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
Evidence in literature indicates that Continuing Professional Development (CPD) of teachers is essential in creating effective schools. Since 2001 the implementation of education legislation and policies has progressively shifted the new agenda within a transformation framework aimed at reconstructing the education system to the fore. The many changes that have taken place in the education system arise out of the implementation of legislation and policies and the restructuring of the education system to align with the vision of the National Department of Education. One such policy, the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) was introduced in an attempt to improve the culture of teaching and learning in schools. CPD is a performance standard in the IQMS policy which aims to contribute to the professional development of teachers. Quantitative research was used to investigate the perceptions of teachers in South African public schools on the importance of continuing professional development. The data analysis from questionnaires administered to teachers revealed that two factors form the underlying components of CPD as an aspect of IQMS, namely, purpose of teacher development programmes, and the process of teacher development programmes.
openalex: W1502814481 mag: 1502814481
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Challenges of Protecting the Right of the Girl-Child Education in Uganda: A Case Study of St. Agnes Primary School in Entebbe Municipsl Council - Miria, Nadunga (2009)
A Research Report Submitted To The Faculty Of Education In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of The Bachelors Degree In Guidance And Counseling Of Kampala International University
openalex: W3042876875 mag: 3042876875
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Personal characteristics that predict South Africans' participation in activities of their children's schools - Mmotlane, Ronnie; Winnaar, L.; Kivilu, Mbithi wa (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
We investigated the extent to which personal characteristics such as age, marital status, education level, living standard measure (LSM), environmental milieu, race, gender and employment status predict parents’ participation in the activities of their children’s schools. The data used for analysis were drawn from 5,734 South Africans aged 16+ years who participated in the Human Sciences Research Council’s (HSRC) annual South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS). Respondents (n = 1,364) who had at least one child in school were selected for the analysis. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the extent to which personal characteristics would predict parents’ level of participation. Results showed that personal characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, and living standard measure (LSM) had a significant influence on parental participation. Amongst these, gender was the most significant factor. Respondents aged 35–49 years were 1.5 times more likely than those aged 50+ years to participate in their children’s school activities. Respondents who were married were more likely than those who had never married to participate. Mothers were more likely than fathers to participate in their children’s school activities. The literature suggests that American fathers show some interest in participating in activities of their children’s schools, at least in the first few years, but discontinue that participation in time. The results confirm a common belief in some communities in South Africa that fathers do not take seriously their responsibility to provide for their children and their partners in that regard from the onset. Even though the results on personal characteristics support existing theory and empirical literature on parental participation, a multidimensional perspective is needed that would incorporate other factors into the study.
openalex: W2150797344 mag: 2150797344
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Teachers' understanding of a Kenyan identity as a basis for their teaching strategies - Modiba, Maropeng; Odhiambo, Angela (African Identities, 2009)
This article uses data obtained through semi-structured interviews to explore the explanations of the teaching strategies provided by secondary-school teachers of history in Kenya. They had to teach the subject to promote a Kenyan identity based on respect for the ‘varied cultures’ within the country. Their explanations reveal what they considered important to implement successfully this aim of the syllabus. The argument is that, contrary to what policy-makers in Kenya expected, accounts for teaching strategies reflected the challenges teachers faced in having to reconcile the politics of ethnicity and the political ideals enshrined in the history syllabus. They assumed that affirming ethnic differences could help nurture such an identity without critical interrogation of the contradictions, tensions, ambiguities and struggles that characterized the politics of ethnicity within the country. Understandings of ethnic difference were not to be challenged because the teachers could not imagine a culture that had no corresponding reality. They could not help their students understand their varied cultural representations as discursive formations that were political in nature. The article concludes by highlighting how the teachers' explanations are related to the system that has shaped them and continues to do so.
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New communication technologies, open educational resources and international co-operation: The teacher education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA) initiative - Moon, Bob (2009)
openalex: W73498939 mag: 73498939
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Geochemistry and geochronology of the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Suguti area in the southern part of the Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt, Northern Tanzania - Mtoro, Mwache; Maboko, Makenya A.H.; Manya, Shukrani (Precambrian Research, 2009)
The Suguti volcanic rocks of the southern Musoma-Mara greenstone belt in northern Tanzania comprise mainly of a bimodal suite of tholeiitic basalts-basaltic andesites and calc-alkaline rhyolites with a subordinate amount of intermediate rocks. Zircon U–Pb and whole rock Sm–Nd geochronology suggests that the two suites are cogenetic and were emplaced at 2755 ± 1 Ma with a common initial ɛNd value of 2.1. The tholeiitic basalts are characterised by relatively flat chondrite-normalised REE patterns with La/YbCN ratios of 0.8–1.6 (mean = 1.0). The basalts also exhibit negative Ti and Nb anomalies in primitive mantle-normalised multi-element diagrams. The flat REE patterns, the presence of prominent negative Nb anomalies and the positive initial ɛNd value of 2.1 suggest that the basalts were formed by low pressure melting of a mantle wedge in an active continental margin setting. Compared to the tholeiitic basalts, the calc-alkaline rhyolites are characterised by low abundances of the transition elements (Cr < 20 ppm, Ni < 20 ppm) and moderately high HFSE (e.g. Zr = 111–250 ppm) abundances. The rhyolites display strongly fractionated, slightly concave upward chondrite normalised REE patterns that are characterised by a slight depletion of the MREE relative to the HREE and minor to large negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.3–0.9) and their epsilon Nd values range from +2.05 to +2.33. The depletion of the MREE relative to the HREE is an indication of fractionation of clinopyroxene and hornblende during petrogenesis whereas the negative Eu anomalies indicate plagioclase fractionation. The rhyolites are interpreted to have formed from the parental magma of the basalts by fractional crystallization and/or partial melting of a relatively young basaltic crust.
openalex: W1994906416 mag: 1994906416
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Air Pollution and Risk Factors Related to Respiratory Illness in Schoolchildren in the Niger-Delta - Mustapha, Adetoun; Briggs, David; Hansell, Anna (Epidemiology, 2009)
ISEE-0585 Background and Objective: Association of childhood respiratory illness with air pollution has been widely reported in developed but not in developing countries. Warri and its surrounding municipal areas in Delta State, Nigeria is the location of petrochemical complexes and the region has long standing issues of industrial and traffic pollution, socio-economic deprivation and ill-health of its residents. This study was aimed to investigate association between self-reported respiratory symptoms and exposure to ambient air pollution and other risk factors in 7–14 years old school children in and around Warri town. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among 1,397 school children of low socio-economic status. Exposure to air pollution was assessed by self-reported measures as well as objective methods including traffic counts, distance of schools to major streets, particulate matter and carbon-monoxide measurements. Associations between health and risk factors were examined at individual and ecological level in a multiple regression analysis. Results: Road traffic was associated with increased risks of wheeze, night cough and phlegm in the last 12 months. Suggestive associations were found between overcrowding and wheeze and nose problems; owning pets and nose problem and diagnosed asthma; and environmental tobacco smoke and phlegm and nose problem, after adjustment for other explanatory variables. When viewed in terms of the pollutant mix from different sources, at the aggregate level, there was a relatively consistent suggestion of higher rates of health outcomes in areas classified as being more polluted than those classified as being relatively unpolluted. Conclusion: The effects of multiple risk factors on school-age children in the Niger-Delta are indicative of possible additional effects of ambient air pollution especially on respiratory symptoms, over and above any attributable to personal and household effects. These are of public health importance and merit practicable interventions.
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Environmental governance and climate change in Africa : legal perspectives - Mwebaza, Rose; Kotzé, Louis J. (2009)
Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change and climate variability, a situation aggravated by the interaction of 'multiple stresses', occurring at various levels, and low adaptive capacity ... Africa's major economic sectors are vulnerable to current climate sensitivity, with huge economic impacts, and this vulnerability is exacerbated by existing developmental challenges such as endemic poverty, complex governance and institutional dimensions; limited access to capital, including markets, infrastructure and technology; ecosystem degradation; and complex disasters and conflicts. These in turn have contributed to Africa's weak adaptive capacity, increasing the continent's vulnerability to projected climate change.
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Meta-synthesis on learners' experience of aggression in secondary schools in South Africa - Myburgh, Chris; Poggenpoel, Marie (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
This meta-synthesis is on research conducted by different researchers in a team research project on learners’ experience of aggression in secondary schools in South Africa. The objective was to obtain a broader understanding of their experience of aggression in different contexts in South Africa, as well as possible ways to assist learners to address the experienced aggression. Eleven completed research projects were purposively sampled. Data were collected utilising the following headings: objectives, sampling, research design, research method, and research results, and guidelines. At the end of the meta- synthesis process the results are described, with supporting direct quotations from participants and a literature control. Guidelines for learners to cope with aggression are described.
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Teaching and Learning Guide for: Sustainable Development and Environmental Justice in African Cities - Myers, Garth (Geography Compass, 2009)
Introduction This piece aims at analyzing reasons why the study of Africa’s cities and the practice of urban planning on the continent are so full of ‘sustainable development’ rhetoric and comparatively silent on questions of social and environmental justice. I use case studies from two countries with significant bibliographies of urban geographical research, South Africa and Tanzania, to examine this puzzle. A related absence to that of environmental justice analysis is that of the literature of urban political ecology, which often incorporates critical analysis of environmental justice. To date, with some exceptions – most being in South Africa – few scholars have used an urban political ecology approach in African cities. South Africa also represents virtually the only country on the continent with an extensive movement for and literature about specifically urban environmental justice. Tanzania, like almost every other African country, places major rhetorical emphasis on sustainable urban development in planning, and most scholarship has followed suit, absent discussion about urban social or environmental justice. I trace the path by which sustainable urban development (SUD) came to predominate, as it does even in South Africa. I highlight the major roles of the World Bank, the United Nations, and Western donors in setting the urban agenda in Africa as the principal reason for the neoliberal SUD approach’s domination. South Africa’s rights‐based development agenda, compared with the long history of state control over civil society in Tanzania, are central to the contrasting outcomes in the case studies. This topic is important to the field because the time is ripe for urban political ecology research on urban environmental justice in sub‐Saharan African cities outside of South Africa to contribute to urban geography. It is also a valuable article for its encouragement of cross‐fertilization and comparative research between and among different African countries on urban geography. Glossary of Terms Collaborative visioning : a contemporary strategy or method for urban planning that engages the general public as ‘stakeholders’ (see below) to work with urban decision‐makers in forums designed to create a vision for a city’s future growth and goals. Privatization : the process by which the provision of urban services, meaning such things as water supply, sewerage, solid waste collection and deposition, and road management, is transferred from government institutions to private companies. Stakeholder democracy : refers to circumstances of governance in which those deemed to be central to urban issues as important leaders from among the citizenry, civil society, community and neighborhood associations, private sector companies and government organizations (i.e. the stakeholders) collaborate to form collectively derived plans for urban management and growth, all the while responsive to the voting public. Sustainable urban development : an agenda for bringing the loosely understood balance between environmental management and economic growth (i.e. sustainable development) to the fore in urban planning. Urban environmental justice : the cause of reducing the politically (and often racially) charged social inequalities in distribution of the negative environmental externalities (e.g. pollution, toxic wastes, erosion, flooding, etc.) from urban development. Urban political ecology : an emerging school of though seeking to see urban environmental degradation in terms of political, economic, cultural, or historical dimensions and not simply ecological ones. Key Readings Kombe, W. (2005). Land use dynamics in peri‐urban areas and their implications on the urban growth and form: the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Habitat International 29, pp. 113–135. A detailed empirical analysis of urban land development failings in Tanzania. McDonald, D. (2002). What is environmental justice? In: McDonald, D. (ed.) Environmental justice in South Africa . Cape Town, South Africa: UCT Press, pp. 1–48. A useful introduction to environmental justice research and activism as applied to South Africa. The Municipal Services Project website, at http://www.queensu.ca/msp/ . The MSP has focused a critical eye on sustainable urban development planning and the privatization of urban services in South Africa, with more recent working expanding the analysis across Sub‐Saharan Africa and into other regions of the developing world. Njeru, J. (2006). The urban political ecology of plastic bag waste problem in Nairobi, Kenya. Geoforum 37, pp. 1046–1058. A rare example of urban political ecology analysis in Africa outside South Africa. Patel, Z. (2006). Of questionable value: the role of practitioners in building sustainable cities. Geoforum 37, pp. 682–694. A very well reasoned critique of SUD in South Africa. Visser, G. (2004). Social justice, integrated development planning and post‐apartheid urban reconstruction. Urban Studies 38, pp. 1673–1699. A valuable theoretical analysis of the meaning of justice and implications of defining it for urban planning policy. SCP Documentation Series n. 3: The Sustainable Dar es Salaam Project 1992–2003. UN‐Habitat’s assessment of the pilot city’s results, available for downloading at: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getPage.asp?page=bookView&book=1809 The Sustainable Cities Programme in Zambia (1994–2007), Addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization. UN‐Habitat’s excellent analysis of its own program’s strengths and weaknesses in its second country of operation. Available for downloading at: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/getPage.asp?page=bookView&book=2646 Focus Questions Are collaborative visioning, stakeholder democracy and privatization approaches capable of producing effective planning results in African cities? What other impediments might exist to the expansion of urban environmental justice advocacy, activism or research in Africa, thinking about other African countries beyond South Africa and Tanzania? To what extent are there correlations between racial justice, social justice and environmental justice in your community? What roles should donors have in urban environmental planning in Africa? Discuss Crespin’s argument in the quotation: ‘poverty cannot be tackled without addressing problems of power relations and the cultural and social interests that sustain unequal access to economic opportunity and social resources’. Do you agree or disagree with her? Why or why not? Bulleted Outline Sustainable development as a key theme, applied to urban areas of the developing world. The roles of the World Bank, United Nations and Western donors in setting development agendas. Neoliberal development and neoliberal good governance rhetoric in African development. Urban environmental justice and sustainable urban development in South Africa as a case study. Tanzania as a case study of sustainable urban development. Comparative urban development and urban environmental planning in Africa.
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Teacher learner- relationship and academic performance of learners in the selected schools: a case study of Mash Zone, Mwala District, Kenya - Ndunda, Edward; Munyambu (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Award of a Bachelor of Education Arts of Kampala International University
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'Finding a place under the African sun' The search for new identities in post-colonial (Southern) Africa evidenced in students' writing in the Missiology course, Christian Action for Anti-Racism and Reconciliation at Unisa - Nel, Reggie (Missionalia : Southern African Journal of Mission Studies, 2009)
The Department of Missiology at the University of South Africa (Unisa) developed a course entitled Christian Action for Anti-Racism and Reconciliation in the late 1990s, under the leadership of Klippies Kritzinger. Initially the course was aimed at South African students, who had just emerged from the institutionalised racism of apartheid and colonialism. Recently students from other parts of Africa have enrolled for the course. They reflect on their struggles against racism and xenophobia. In this contribution I describe and reflect on the design of the course, I analyze a selection of portfolios submitted by students, and on that basis and critically evaluate the course in the context of 1) the current 'race discourse' in an emerging post-colonial Southern African society and economy and 2) a globally networked society in which the quest for social identity has become a primary missional imperative. I provide suggestions for the re-design of this course.
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Support and retention of school-based distance learners.First year experience of the Licensed Teachers Programme in Tanzania - Ng’umbi, Michael (2009)
The recent expansion of secondary education in Tanzania, as a result of the Secondary Education Development Programme (2004-2009), has brought about some philosophical and practical issues surrounding teacher preparation and recruitment. One such issue has been on how best and cost-effectively teachers could be prepared and retained in schools, at the period of high teacher demand. This study addresses issues related to learning how to teach and retention in teacher education programmes organised using the distance learning mode. The study attempted to explain the relationship between factors related to student teachers‘ background, teacher education institutions, and schools on the one hand; and retention on the other; among student teachers of the Licensed Teachers Programme (LTP) in Tanzania. Special interest was paid to the role of schools in supporting school-based student teachers. By using a mixed model approach to research, the study collected data from 221 respondents of a student questionnaire, followed four (4) case studies and maintained contact with 59 of the questionnaire respondents through short text messaging to explore student support and student persistence behaviour. Additional data were collected through interviews with LTP coordinators and through reviewing various programme documents. The data were then analysed in relation to student retention at the end of the first year of study. The study has established a gap in perceptions on school-based teacher education (SBTE) between the Government and teacher education institutions (TEI). While the Government has demonstrated SBTE in its teacher education programmes, TEIs have persisted in using the theory first, practice later approach. The limitations of the teaching practice assessment model of teacher preparation could be addressed by developing mentoring and collegial relationships at school level, which appear to be more promising in both learning to teach and student retention. Similarly, distance learning (DL) appears to have many infrastructural challenges such that students are most likely to lack some basic materials and equipment necessary for DL. There is a need to address issues such as timely distribution of study materials, more effective communication systems with DL students, more effective face-to-face sessions, more supportive regional study centres, and investment on accessible DL technologies. These issues have constantly featured in the student survey, case studies and SMS and emails. Students‘ appreciation of the DL mode is still low, thus affecting retention. The study has discovered various school-based support measures for distance learners, ranging from contextual and moral support, such as suitable school facilities and a welcoming school head and community; and teacher professional development such as teacher development meetings; to some iii specific support for DL studies, such as book donations, peer tutoring and assisted travel to study centres. The study discovered that student teachers were most likely to drop out of the programme when they lacked contextual and moral support. Other forms of support had less effect on retention. The study proposes a field-based model for teacher education that calls for a significant shift of policy and practice on teacher education. The new model requires a shift from the Teaching Practice model to school-based mentoring; as well as a greater investment in technology-based student support. Partnership between the central Government, teacher education institutions, local governments and schools is a key strategy in the new model. Partnership will particularly bridge the existing gap in practice between the Government and institutions of teacher education.
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Climate change: Double-edged sword for African trade and development - Nhamo, Godwell (International Journal of African Renaissance Studies, 2009)
Abstract African governments face increasing pressure from major export destinations, primarily former colonial and slave-owning countries, to be climate change compliant. This will certainly be on display at the upcoming December 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, which will seek to strengthen climate change rules agreed on in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, and adopt new protocols on global climate change regulation. Climate change is a double-edged sword: on one side it is hitting Africa's agricultural sector with increased droughts, floods, extreme frost and wildfires; and on the other, African governments are being forced to respond to stringent regulatory regimes imposed by international export destinations. Currently, the per capita greenhouse gas emissions from the highly industrialised nations – the North – is estimated to be four times that of Africa and the rest of the developing world. Twin research questions were investigated in this article: (1) to what extent does climate change impact on African trade and development, and (2) how can African governments stay on a path of sustained trade and development in this era of climate change? The article argues that Africa's survival in these times of climate change compliance rests on a shift to greater intra-African trade, as individual nations move towards cleaner and more organic technologies to become full-fledged partners in the international climate change regulatory regime.
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Perceptions on headteachers' supervisory competencies in public basic schools in the Kwaebibirem district in the Eastern region of Ghana - Nyarko, Joyce Serwaa (2009)
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Resources, Teachers Quality, and Academic Performance in Math's, Mosocho Division Kisii District, Kenya. - Obull., J. Odhong (2009)
A Research Project Submitted to Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements for the A Ward of Bachelors Degree of Science in Education of Kampala International University.
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Quantifying the Cost of Climate Change Impact in Nigeria: Emphasis on Wind and Rainstorms - Odjugo, Peter A. O. (Journal of Human Ecology, 2009)
Wind related hazards have not been adequately acknowledged as environmental problem like flooding and gully erosion that needs to be properly addressed by the Nigerian Government. This is in spite of the fact that it claims lives, destroys buildings and social infrastructure annually. This prompted this study that dwell on quantifying the cost of climate change impact in Nigeria with special emphasis on wind and rainstorm hazards on building and infrastructures between 1992 and 2007. Climate data (air temperature, rainfall, wind speed) and cost of wind/rainstorm damage were collected from 12 out of the 36 states in Nigeria. Time series, graphs and chi-square were the statistical tools used to evaluate the relationships between climate elements and rate of damage. The results show evidence of climate change with increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall. Wind and Rainstorm damage show evidence of seasonality, which is higher at the beginning and end of the rainy season, following the movement of the ITCZ. Total lives lost were 199 persons and cost of property damaged worth N85.03 billion ($720.6 million). It is recommended that while causes of climate change should be minimized, adequate developmental policies and planning that focus on wind and rainstorm hazards’ awareness and preparedness should be vigorously pursued by both individuals and the government. Wind factors should be taken into consideration while building.
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An investigation into language learning strategies in the instruction of English in secondary schools in Kenya– an evolutionary perspective: a case of Kakamega central district - Omulando, Carolyne (2009)
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Use of Electronic Resources by Postgraduate Students of the Department of Library and Information Science of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria - Ozoemelem, Obuh Alex (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2009)
Introduction Background to the Study Information professionals have long sought to comprehend what factors are relevant in encouraging a person to seek out information. More recently, a particular focus of inquiry has been on those factors that play a role in deciding to use the library's electronic resources to seek information as opposed to just surfing the Internet. These inquiries assume an even greater importance in light of the fact that more people are using the Internet to find information they need, information that is unmediated by the library (Kibirge, 2000). Informed library users know that libraries have resources that are more comprehensive and scholarly than most Web sites provide. Libraries provide access to scholarly literature that, as a rule, is not freely available on the Web. Often, it is in college that users become aware of libraries' resources, usually while having to write research papers. Assuming that on average most students face the same number and type of papers and assignments during their college career, it is critical to understand what makes one student use the library's electronic resources while another will not think of the library as a place to find specialized resources for their papers. One obstacle to the use of a library's resources, and in particular its electronic resources, is that they are not seen as being straightforward. In contrast to an Internet search engine, where a single keyword search will usually result in thousands of hits, no matter what the topic, in the library, students have to choose a particular database and be more selective in the search words they use. Moreover, database subjects often overlap, with differences in dates, journal and subjects covered, and whether the material is full-text or not. In addition, the library may have a print subscription to a certain title that is not full-text electronically, or the title may be accessible full-text through another database than the one originally searched. Therefore, not only do students have to find the relevant citations, but they also have to know how to locate the article after that. This means juggling many screens, many technologies, multitasking electronic jobs, and of course, knowing where to look for all this necessary information. Lastly, there is the additional confusion that more and more library databases use Web-based technologies. Because the interface is seamless there does not seem to be a visible, on the screen, difference between Web-based library resources and general Web-based resources. All of the above also assumes the student is proficient in the use of computers. It is quite clear that searching for information has become inexorably linked to computer technology. (Jacobson, 1991). Understanding how students navigate this maze of resources is important in helping us to develop and assess pedagogy designed to instruct our students in library usage. Students are more and more Web-savvy (Kibirge, 2000), many of them having been brought up around computers and the Internet. However, they matriculate with a diversity of computer and Web-searching skills and experience. Students may not have been exposed to library resources, or not be aware of which resources a library might have, or how to make use of them. It is therefore of interest to us to try and understand what characteristics will make one student branch out and explore library resources, while another one might not. A study of undergraduates showed that they looked for the fastest way that would lead to satisfactory results when doing research, going for electronic information sources first (Valentine, 1993). These students felt uncomfortable, however, asking for help in using the library and spent frustrating hours trying to find information. Currently, with the explosion of full-text resources, it would seem even easier for the student to find a full-text database and select the articles, regardless of whether they would have been the most appropriate for their research. …
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‘Teaching while Black’: narratives of African American student affairs faculty - Patton, Lori D.; Catching, Christopher (International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 2009)
(2009). ‘Teaching while Black’: narratives of African American student affairs faculty. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education: Vol. 22, Critical race studies and education, pp. 713-728.
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Democratic South Africa: Inclusive Identities and Exclusive Immigration Policies - Peberdy, Sally (2009)
This situation has been further aggravated by the influx of illegal aliens from the neighbouring countries in particular, where conditions of economic deprivation and depression occur and who are consequently prepared to work for meagre wages …. With whatever empathy and understanding one may judge the underlying reasons and motivation why people are compelled to leave their fatherland and to seek refuge here, the interests of the RSA and her citizens and legal residents must be our first and foremost consideration. Dr Mangosutho Buthelezi, Minister of Home Affairs, 10/3/19951 The aim of the Department of Home Affairs is to protect and regulate the interests of the inhabitants of the Republic of South Africa, in respect of their individual status, identity and specific rights and powers. Department of Home Affairs, ‘Strategic plan’, 20072 In 1994 South Africa was once again reinvented, this time as the new democratic of the Republic. For the first time since the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, all South African citizens have been able to vote, participate in the life and affairs of the state, and have equal access to its resources. The elections of 1994 allowed the African National Congress (ANC) elected government to embark on a nation-building project to bring together the diverse population of South Africa, a population that had been actively fighting against each other in the struggle for liberation. As on all previous occasions when South Africa has undergone significant change in its national identity and national form, the question of immigration has come to the fore. The reinvention of South Africa as a country with a strong commitment to diversity and human rights stands in stark contrast to the images transmitted across the world of a Mozambican, Ernesto Alfabeto Nhamuave, being burned alive in Johannesburg on 18 May 2008 for being a foreigner. He was one of over 65 black Africans (mostly migrants, immigrants and refugees) who were killed in a wave of xenophobic attacks on black African foreigners across South Africa in 2008. The attacks led to thousands of others being forced out of their homes and into camps, community centres, mosques and churches or back to their home countries. These were not the first physical attacks on foreigners since 1994. The first took place in the township of Alexandra in Johannesburg in late 1994 and early 1995.
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Psychological morbidity and job satisfaction amongst medical interns at a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Po, Ajiboye; Ad, Yussuf (PubMed, 2009)
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Cognitive performance and informant reports in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in African Americans and whites - Potter, Guy G.; Plassman, Brenda L.; Burke, James R.; Kabeto, Mohammed U.; Langa, Kenneth M.; Llewellyn, David J.; Rogers, Mary A.M.; Steffens, David C. (Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2009)
Background The diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia must reflect an increasingly diverse and aging United States population. This study compared direct testing and informant reports of cognition with clinical diagnoses of cognitive impairment and dementia between African Americans and whites. Methods Participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study completed in‐person dementia evaluations, and were assigned clinical diagnoses (by a consensus panel of dementia experts) of normal; cognitive impairment, not demented (CIND); and dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) total score and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used to assess cognitive performance and reported cognitive decline. Results A higher CERAD total score was associated with lower odds of CIND and dementia, at comparable ratios between African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of dementia in both African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of CIND among whites, but not among African Americans. Conclusions Cultural differences may influence informant reports of prevalent CIND and dementia. Our findings also highlight the need for more comparative research to establish the cultural validity of measures used to diagnose these conditions.
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Physical Activity Assessed by Accelerometry in Rural African School-Age Children and Adolescents - Prista, Antônio; Nhantumbo, Leonardo; Saranga, Sílvio; Lopes, Vítor P.; Maia, José; Seabra, André; Vinagre, João; Conn, Carole A.; Beunen, Gastón (Pediatric exercise science, 2009)
Physical activity (PA) in children/adolescents of both genders from a rural community in Mozambique was estimated by accelerometry and by questionnaire and was compared with PA of Portuguese youth. Total PA, moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA) and very vigorous (VVPA) were evaluated. Mozambican boys were more active than girls. Intensity of PA declined significantly with age. Survival activities, such as household tasks, were the predominant mode of PA. Compared with Portuguese children/adolescents, Mozambicans had significantly higher total PA; showed less decline of PA with age and engaged in fewer minutes at higher intensity PA. Environmental factors likely explain documented differences.
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Physical Disabilities in Papua New Guinea: How Can Professional Physiotherapy Training Fit Best? - Pronk, Froukje; Thornton, Patricia (2009)
The Physiotherapy Department of the Divine Word University in Madang was established in 2003 and is the first in Papua New Guinea to offer a professional physiotherapy qualification program. A research project has been carried out to improve the appropriateness of the program to the rehabilitation needs of people with physical disabilities in Papua New Guinea. This paper aims to give insights from a profile of persons experiencing difficulties with moving in a rural and an urban area of Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Quantitative data were gathered about limitations in activities and restrictions in participation experienced by the target group. Qualitative data were gathered about use of physiotherapeutic and allied health care, experiences of such care and the barriers to accessing it, as well as indepth data to better understand traditional beliefs about the causes of physical difficulties and their traditional treatment. An increase of awareness on different levels, both on the receiving and the delivering side of physiotherapeutic and allied health care, seems to be a key issue to improve services for people with disabilities in Papua New Guinea. Implications for the training of physiotherapists and the needs for development of the profession in Papua New Guinea will be discussed.
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Mobilizing Business for Post-Secondary Education: CIDA University, South Africa - Raufflet, Emmanuel (Journal of business ethics (Print), 2009)
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Challenges of inclusive education in Kenya - Raya, Suleiman Mohamed (2009)
A Thesis Submitted to the school of post graduate studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the a ward of Degree of Master of Educational administration and management of Kampala International University
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Ethical beliefs related to HIV and AIDS among nursing students in South Africa and the United States: A cross-sectional analysis - Relf, Michael V.; Laverriere, Katherine; Devlin, Caitlin; Salerno, Theresa (International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2009)
The ethical issues associated with HIV and AIDS are challenging and complex because of beliefs about HIV and AIDS, stigma surrounding the epidemic, lack of knowledge, and fear. Both South Africa and the United States have a nursing code of ethics which endorses a nurse's responsibility to maintain a patient's right to confidentiality, involvement in decision-making, autonomy, and informed consent. However, nursing students may inappropriately handle ethical challenges in practice related to HIV and AIDS.The objective of this study was to determine the ethical beliefs held by nursing students regarding testing, confidentiality, serostatus disclosure, and the environment of care related to HIV and AIDS in South Africa and the United States.This study utilized a descriptive, correlational design with a cross-sectional time dimension. Data were collected during March-April 2007 in South Africa and the United States.136 nursing students in South Africa and 198 nursing students in the United States participated in the study. The participants included nursing students in enrolled and professional bridging programs in South Africa and from traditional and accelerated baccalaureate entry programs in the United States. In both countries, the participants were mostly female and heterosexual. In South Africa, participants were mostly black (93.3%) while in the United States the participants were mostly white (76.6%). Over 95% of eligible nursing students participated in the study in both countries.After evaluating the findings in the context of ethical standards, 0% of the 198 nursing students in the US had beliefs that were fully supportive of the nursing standards of ethical practice regarding caring for HIV-positive persons, while only 11.5% of the South African participants were fully supportive. Despite their identified lack of training in HIV and AIDS nursing, nursing students in South Africa were much more willing to protect patient confidentiality than nursing students in the United States.Nursing students' beliefs and attitudes related to HIV and AIDS are not congruent with the ethical principles guiding nursing. To facilitate support for the ethical principles of nursing in the context of HIV and AIDS, nursing students need guided experiences to assess personal attitudes and beliefs about HIV and AIDS and direct care opportunities to destigmatize the epidemic in order to meet the ethical standards of nursing practice.
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Addressing Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) - Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; Holten, Johanne; Cunill, Roger Coma; Cervigni, Raffaello; Pariente-David, Silvia (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2009)
The brief includes the following headings: Middle East and North Africa (MENA) vulnerability to climate change; World Bank program - overall approach; reducing vulnerability; carbon emissions and low carbon growth; promoting low-carbon growth; and region-wide activities.
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Human impacts, climate change, and aquatic ecosystem response during the past 2000 yr at Lake Wandakara, Uganda - Russell, James M.; McCoy, Sophie J.; Verschuren, Dirk; Bessems, Ilse; Huang, Yongsong (Quaternary Research, 2009)
Abstract Analyses of carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of terrestrial leaf waxes and the carbon and nitrogen abundance, ratio, and isotopic composition of bulk sediments from Lake Wandakara, a crater lake in western Uganda, East Africa, document human and climatic controls on the aquatic system and on the surrounding terrestrial vegetation during the past two millennia. Our data indicate that Wandakara was a relatively stable, productive lake surrounded by C 3 vegetation from AD 70 to 1000. Abrupt changes in the δ 13 C of terrestrial leaf waxes indicate a series of abrupt shifts in the relative abundance of C 3 and C 4 vegetation caused by a combination of climate change and human activities around Wandakara beginning at AD 1000. Abrupt shifts in bulk sediment organic geochemistry, particularly C/N ratios and δ 15 N, indicate that human activities at this time caused permanent changes in the limnology of Lake Wandakara, including eutrophication. Our results suggest that the biogeochemistry of Lake Wandakara was more sensitive to shifting human impacts than to climate variations during the past millennium, highlighting the importance of understanding the intensity of pre-colonial human impacts on Africa's aquatic ecosystems.
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Assessment of groundwater pollution at municipal solid waste of Ibb landfill in Yemen - Sabahi, Esmail Al; S., Abdul Rahim; Y., Wan Zuhairi W.; Nozaily, Fadhl Al (Buletin Persatuan Geologi Malaysia, 2009)
Groundwater samples were collected from five boreholes from Ibb landfill to study the possible impact of leachate percolation into the groundwater. The objective of the study is to assess the groundwater pollution due to Ibb landfill at Al-Sahool area, Ibb city, the Republic of Yemen. The concentrations of various physiochemical parameters include heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu) pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), anions and nutrients (F - , Cl - , SO 4 -2 , NO 2 , NO 3 - , NH 3 -N), and major cations (Fe, Na, K, Ca, Mg) were measured from the groundwater samples. The results show that four out of five boreholes are contaminated, where the concentration of physic-chemical parameters are above the standard acceptable levels which required for drinking water adapted by Yemen's Ministry of Water and Environment (YMWE, 1999). The study has revealed that leachate from Ibb landfill has penetrated and polluted the groundwater resource in this area. The use of leachate collection pond is highly recommended to store and treat the leachate before the pollution level gets worse.
openalex: W2184312178 mag: 2184312178
Keywords: openalex:import

The representation of women in a sample of post-1994 South African school History textbooks - Schoeman, Sonja (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
History curriculum revisions post 1994 were followed by a range of new History textbooks intended to meet the needs of teachers seeking to implement the revised curriculum. I sought to establish whether or not a sample of these textbooks had built upon the gender equality initiatives introduced after 1994. A qualitative intrinsic case study was conducted to determine the extent of the representation of women in three South African school History textbooks. The results demonstrated that, despite the introduction of gender equality initiatives, in the sample selected the role of men in history continued to receive emphasis. In South African history men have indeed been more prominent than women, and have been viewed as the decision-makers, yet there is room in standard South African History textbooks for the inclusion of the ordinary daily events in which women participated or through which they exercised an influence on decisionmaking by men. Shepherd’s media literacy curriculum model, incorporating the Department of Education’s approaches to critical media education, is proposed as a tool to empower in-service History teachers to teach learners to deconstruct patriarchal or hegemonic power relations in school History textbooks.
openalex: W1654824036 mag: 1654824036
Keywords: openalex:import

Empowerment of principals of the post-primary schools in the Northern Lesotho districts : a financial management perspective - Shale, Matsola Justina (2009)
openalex: W2292035318 mag: 2292035318
Keywords: openalex:import

The lived experiences of rural-based grandparents raising HIV/AIDS-orphaned grandchildren in the Kingdom of Swaziland: a proposed self-care health education programme - Sithole, Sifiso I. (2009)
openalex: W2597175537 mag: 2597175537
Keywords: openalex:import

Language matters in rural schools in South Africa: are educators making the implementation of the Language in Education Policy (1997) work? - Sookrajh, Reshma; Joshua, Jenny (Language Learning Journal, 2009)
In July 1997, the Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) was introduced in South Africa. While the intention of this policy was to promote all 11 official languages and give individuals the right to choose the language of learning and teaching, the practical implementation has generally been fraught with challenges. However, language policy implementation cannot be understood apart from its social context or apart from the history which produced that context, as is apparent from our study of rural farm schools in Gauteng. Drawn from a larger study, this article examines the responses of teachers to the implementation of the LiEP in rural schools. It examines how teachers on rural commercial farm schools respond to the LiEP and its implementation and considers some of the concerns and challenges experienced. From the data it can be deduced that no fundamental change has taken place in the rural context to embrace the elements of the new language policy. However, in the rural context, Afrikaans has been dropped by the three schools in the study in favour of isiZulu. In School 4 Afrikaans continues to dominate as a Language of Teaching and Learning and no African languages are offered as subjects. It can be suggested that it is the isolation of rural schools that perpetuates the existence of pre-1994 language policies.
openalex: W2061533404 mag: 2061533404
Keywords: openalex:import

Occupational Health, Mercury Exposure, and Environmental Justice: Learning From Experiences in Tanzania - Spiegel, Samuel J. (American Journal of Public Health, 2009)
Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that is used by poverty-driven miners to extract gold in more than 50 countries. This article examines efforts of the United Nations to address occupational health and environmental justice amid these challenges, focusing on a 3-year campaign in one of the fastest-growing mining communities in Tanzania. By providing an integrative analysis of environmental health risks, labor practices, public health policies, and drivers of social inequity and marginalization, this study highlights the need for interdisciplinary public health approaches that support community development by strengthening local capacities. It illustrates why, to ensure that the needs of vulnerable populations are met, environmental justice and public health paradigms have to expand beyond the conventionally narrow attention paid to toxic exposure and emissions issues.
openalex: W2022811959 mag: 2022811959
Keywords: openalex:import

Unequal Pieces of a Shrinking Pie: The Struggle between African Americans and Latinos over Education, Employment, and Empowerment in Compton, California - Straus, Emily E. (History of Education Quarterly, 2009)
Just days after the start of the 1994-1995 school year, almost a quarter of the student body at McKinley Elementary School in Compton, California did not show up for class. Latino organizers had asked parents to keep their children out of school to protest what they perceived as school administrators' inadequate response to Latino educational needs. Parents of approximately one hundred of the school's 431 students heeded the call. Although one out of four was only slighdy above the daily absentee rate for a normal school day, the nature of these absences forced district administrators to take notice. The rhetoric that Latino activists used when describing the management of Compton's public schools served as the most disquieting aspect of the walkout. “The Compton Unified School District is like Mississippi,” asserted John Ortega, the lead counsel for the Union of Parents and Students of Compton United, the association that organized the attendance strikes. “In Mississippi, they didn't want to educate blacks in the ‘50s, and in the ‘90s, Compton doesn't want to educate Latinos.”
openalex: W2153857110 mag: 2153857110
Keywords: openalex:import

Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa - Stringer, Lindsay C.; Dyer, Jen; Reed, Mark; Dougill, Andrew J.; Twyman, Chasca; Mkwambisi, David (Environmental Science & Policy, 2009)
The impacts of climate change, drought and desertification are closely interlinked, and most acutely experienced by populations whose livelihoods depend principally on natural resources. Given the increases in extreme weather events projected to affect the Southern Africa region, it is essential to assess how household and community-level adaptations have been helped or hindered by institutional structures and national policy instruments. In particular, there is a need to reflect on efforts related to the United Nations’ environmental conventions to ensure that policies support the maintenance of local adaptations and help retain the resilience of socio-economic and environmental systems. This paper examines three interlinked drivers of adaptation: climate change, desertification and drought, assessing the extent to which international and national policy supports local adaptive strategies in three countries in southern Africa. We show that while common ground exists between desertification and climate change adaptations at the policy level, they are insufficiently mainstreamed within broader development approaches. Similarly, there are some overlaps between policy-driven and autonomous local adaptations, but the mutually supportive links between them are poorly developed. Further efforts to integrate local adaptation strategies within policy could increase local resilience to environmental change, while also contributing to wider development goals.
openalex: W2016416761 mag: 2016416761
Keywords: openalex:import

Adaptations to climate change, drought and desertification: local insights to enhance policy in southern Africa - Stringer, Lindsay C.; Dyer, Jen; Reed, Mark; Dougill, Andrew J.; Twyman, Chasca; Mkwambisi, David (Environmental Science & Policy, 2009)
The impacts of climate change, drought and desertification are closely interlinked, and most acutely experienced by populations whose livelihoods depend principally on natural resources. Given the increases in extreme weather events projected to affect the Southern Africa region, it is essential to assess how household and community-level adaptations have been helped or hindered by institutional structures and national policy instruments. In particular, there is a need to reflect on efforts related to the United Nations’ environmental conventions to ensure that policies support the maintenance of local adaptations and help retain the resilience of socio-economic and environmental systems. This paper examines three interlinked drivers of adaptation: climate change, desertification and drought, assessing the extent to which international and national policy supports local adaptive strategies in three countries in southern Africa. We show that while common ground exists between desertification and climate change adaptations at the policy level, they are insufficiently mainstreamed within broader development approaches. Similarly, there are some overlaps between policy-driven and autonomous local adaptations, but the mutually supportive links between them are poorly developed. Further efforts to integrate local adaptation strategies within policy could increase local resilience to environmental change, while also contributing to wider development goals.
openalex: W2016416761 mag: 2016416761
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

A comparison between the views of teachers in South Africa and six other countries on involvement in school change - Swanepoel, Cassie (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
Worldwide, and especially in South Africa, change and decentralised decisionmaking have been topical issues in the provision of education for the past years. It appears that teachers — the key agents in implementing the policies concerned — are largely ignored in the pre-implementation phases, and treated merely as implementers of these policies. The results from an empirical investigation revealed that the teachers in the South African sample expressed an exceptional degree of eagerness to be involved in decision-making and responsibility- taking concerning school change, even in aspects of management that could be considered as the principal’s ‘turf’. Although the views of a group of teachers in six other countries showed very similar result patterns, the sample of South African teachers was considerably more eager to be involved in initiatives of school change and related responsibilities than the teachers in the samples of the other countries. The results are illuminating, taking into consideration the increased workload of teachers, as well as certain other factors. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
openalex: W1954555621 mag: 1954555621
Keywords: openalex:import

Knowledge, attitudes and perception regarding HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in kumba, Cameroon - Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang (2009)
openalex: W1492279033 mag: 1492279033
Keywords: openalex:import

Language-in-education planning in Tanzania: a sociolinguistic analysis - Tibategeza, Eustard R. (2009)
openalex: W2304026471 mag: 2304026471
Keywords: openalex:import

Recruitment patterns of young-of-the-year mugilid fishes in a West African estuary impacted by climate change - Trape, Sébastien; Durand, Jean‐Dominique; Guilhaumon, François; Vigliola, Laurent; Panfili, Jacques (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2009)
With the persistence of the sub-Saharan drought since the 1970s, the Sine Saloum estuary (Senegal) – the second largest coastal Biosphere Reserve of West-Africa – has become an “inverse estuary” and hypersaline (salinity > 60) in its upstream part. A one-year survey was conducted from April 2007 to March 2008 at eight sites distributed along the salinity gradient, to investigate the recruitment patterns of young-of-the-year mugilids in such an impacted ecosystem. Fishes were sampled monthly with a conical net and a beach seine in salinities ranging from 31 to 104. Samples were identified to the species level. For the smallest individuals (<20 mm SL) a PCR–RFLP technique, developed on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA region, was used for identification. A total of 8438 juveniles belonging to six of the eight species of mugilids known for the tropical Eastern Atlantic were collected: Mugil bananensis, Mugil cephalus, Mugil curema, Liza dumerili, Liza falcipinnis and Liza grandisquamis. One species, L. dumerili, represented 89% of the total catch. Length–frequency distributions revealed that M. cephalus and L. dumerili preferentially recruited during the dry season whereas the recruitment of M. curema, M. bananensis and L. falcipinnis generally occurred during the wet season. Minimal size at recruitment ranged from 9 to 19 mm SL depending on the species, the smallest size being that of L. dumerili. Despite the general salinity increase in the estuary, most parts of the Sine Saloum were suitable for the juveniles. Only the hypersaline area in the uppermost part of the estuary presented very low fish abundance for all species. According to the species, small recruits (12–20 mm SL) were collected at salinities up to 47–78, suggesting that osmoregulatory capacities had been gained early during ontogenesis, possibly resulting from an adaptation of these populations to changing environmental conditions.
openalex: W2090739630 mag: 2090739630
Keywords: openalex:import

Characterisation and management of a LNAPL pollution site along the coastal regions of South Africa - Vermaak, Kevin Harry (2009)
openalex: W2768762688 mag: 2768762688
Keywords: openalex:import

Tropical Storm Development from African Easterly Waves in the Eastern Atlantic: A Comparison of Two Successive Waves Using a Regional Model as Part of NASA AMMA 2006 - Vizy, Edward K.; Cook, Kerry H. (Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2009)
Abstract Two successive African easterly waves (AEWs) from August 2006 are analyzed utilizing observational data, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis, and output from the National Center for Atmospheric Research–National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) to understand why the first wave does not develop over the eastern Atlantic while the second wave does. The first AEW eventually forms Hurricane Ernesto over the Caribbean Sea, but genesis does not occur over the eastern Atlantic. The second wave, although weaker than the first over land, leaves the West African coast and quickly intensifies into Tropical Storm Debby west of the Cape Verde islands. This study shows that the environmental conditions associated with the first AEW’s passage inhibited development. These conditions include strong low- and midtropospheric vertical wind shear owing to a stronger than normal African easterly jet, lower than normal relative humidity, and increased atmospheric stability. All of these are characteristics of an intensification of the Saharan air layer (SAL), or SAL outbreak, over the eastern Atlantic. The environmental conditions were more favorable for genesis 2½ days later when the second wave left the African coast. Additionally, a strong low-level southwesterly surge develops over the eastern North Atlantic in the wake of the passage of the first wave. This westerly surge is associated with an enhancement of the low-level westerly flow, low-level cyclonic vorticity, large-scale low-level wind convergence, and vertical motion conducive for development over the region. While the initial westerly surge is likely associated with the passage of the first wave, over time (i.e., by 1600 UTC 20 August 2006) the development of the second wave becomes influential in maintaining the low-level westerly surge. Although SAL outbreaks are also associated with the addition of dust, the different cyclogenesis histories of the two systems are simulated without including dust in the regional model.
openalex: W2044403153 mag: 2044403153
Keywords: openalex:import

Phlebotomy training for patient attendants in Malawi - Walker, Victoria; Lissauer, Samantha; Rist, David; Goldstein, Mandy (Medical Education, 2009)
Context and setting A health link between Birmingham Children’s Hospital and the paediatric department of Queen Elizabeth’s Central Hospital, the main teaching hospital in Malawi, was established in 2004. The overall purpose of the link is to improve the health of children in Malawi through the education of health care staff. One of the most successful interventions has been a phlebotomy course for patient attendants. Evaluation of the entire link, undertaken in 2008, also provided valuable information about this course and its impact. Why the idea was necessary Human resources capacity in Queen Elizabeth’s Central Hospital is extremely limited; on most wards two nurses are responsible for the care of approximately 50 patients, as well as for phlebotomy. One or two patient attendants also work on each ward, cleaning and distributing food. The reallocation of tasks from scarce professional staff would represent a valuable rationalisation of resources. It was felt that training the patient attendants in phlebotomy would release trained staff from these duties and improve paediatric care and safe practice when using sharps and dealing with blood samples. It was anticipated that patient attendants would continue to practise and these new skills would subsequently be taught to others as part of a locally delivered training programme. What was done A venue, 25 students and four facilitators were identified by Queen Elizabeth’s Central Hospital. No patient attendants were taking blood at the hospital before the course. Predictable problems included communication difficulties and increased funding requirements, the procurement and shipping of dark-skinned manikin arms were resolved before departure. In Malawi, 1 day was spent solely with the staff identified as facilitators reviewing the course content and ensuring that staff had the appropriate practical skills to enable them to teach succeeding courses. A week-long phlebotomy course was then delivered by an experienced UK phlebotomy trainer. All theory, including basic anatomy and physiology, venepuncture techniques and communication skills, was delivered from a DVD developed by the National Association of Phlebotomists. The practical components were first practised on training arms and then on out-patients. Evaluation of results and impact Successful completion of the course required participants to attend the entire course and to make 10 successful venepunctures. All 25 participants successfully completed the course. Medium-term outcomes were also positive. Six months after the training course, 100% of participants were undertaking phlebotomy, on a daily basis (according to self-reported practice). A subsequent phlebotomy course was delivered in December 2008 by local facilitators. During the larger evaluation, information from structured interviews showed that the practice of allocating phlebotomy tasks to patient attendants did indeed release nurses to undertake more skilled tasks. ‘The nurses in all departments really like that we can take bloods; it is easing their burden,’ said one patient attendant. The matron commented: ‘It really does have some impact.’ The patient attendants also felt they had an enhanced job role, which in turn improved their enthusiasm for learning new skills. The head of the paediatric department remarked: ‘This [taking blood] is more than just technical – it’s a mind change.’ Small teaching interventions can have a significant impact on health care staff in resource-poor countries. This intervention, carried out as part of a wider health link, has shown an immediate and longer-term positive impact for the health care staff involved and, by inference, for the patients they are caring for.
openalex: W2020384184 mag: 2020384184
Keywords: openalex:import

Equity and Quality? Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru. Working Papers in Early Childhood Development, No. 55. Studies in Early Childhood Transitions. - Woodhead, Martin; Ames, Patricia; Vennam, Uma; Abebe, Workneh; Streuli, Natalia (2009)
openalex: W273162856 mag: 273162856
Keywords: openalex:import

The CORE-OM intake norms of students attending a South African university counselling service: a comparison with UK counselling service data - Young, Charles Y.F. (British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2009)
ABSTRACT This paper provides CORE-OM intake norms for a South African university counselling service, and compares these to the United Kingdom counselling service data reported by Connell, Barkham and Mellor-Clark (2007). The South African norms are very similar to the United Kingdom norms, with no statistical differences in the total or domain scores. There were, however, statistically significant differences in the South African data between black and white clients: black clients report higher total, life functioning and risk scores, indicating greater levels of distress. Black clients are also more likely to present with intake scores above the severe clinical cut-off point, and more likely to report suicidal ideation. It is argued that these differences are the result of the persistent inequalities entrenched during apartheid.
openalex: W2037572489 mag: 2037572489
Keywords: openalex:import

Strategies of managing higher education for youth labour market in Nigeria - Akomolafe, Comfort Olufunke; Adegun, Olajire Adeola (International NGO Journal, 2009)
The role of higher education in preparing youth for labour market is becoming more challenging in the modern society. The effort of higher education in producing relevant and skillful graduates to meet the needs and demand of modern world labour market is a great task for education management. This paper is a review of related literature; it also employed observation coupled with experience. This paper examines youth labour market and; the status of higher education graduates employment, issues and challenges facing higher education, the role of higher education and the strategies of managing higher education to enhance relevance of courses and to alleviate the problem of unemployment. It was concluded that management of education desires relevant curriculum and designing of employable causes to meet the reality of education in modern world. It was however recommended that; the employers of labour and higher education should collaborate and explore the development of employable courses. It was also recommended that higher education should focus on developing students for high skilled technology and that internship should be part of educational experience so as to enhance employment.
openalex: W2121588593 mag: 2121588593
Keywords: openalex:import

Tracking of overweight among urban school children: A 4 years cohort study in Sousse Tunisia - Imed, Harrabi; Jihene, Maatoug; Hamida, Ben; Gaha, Rafika; Lazreg, F.; Amel, Boussaadia; Ghannem, H. (Journal of public health and epidemiology, 2009)
Our objective was to examine tracking patterns of body mass index (BMI) as well as their predictors between childhood and adolescence. A cohort of 452 Tunisian children aged 13 - 15 years was followed for 4 years (1999 - 2003). Tracking of BMI was defined as in individual maintaining a certain status or relative position (relative BMI quartile) overtime. After 4 years, almost 50% of the subjects had maintained their relative positions, but 25% had moved into a lower or higher quartile. The BMIs of thin and fat were more likely to track: 61.9 and 66.7% remained in the bottom and upper quartiles, respectively. Overweight children were 2.6 times as likely as all other children to become overweight adolescents. Individual’s initial BMIs, sex and socioeconomic status helped to predict tracking and change in BMI. Predictors of overweight tracking found in this study would be useful to select children at risk for preventive intervention. Key words: Obesity, adolescents, cardiovascular risk factor.
openalex: W2100551786 mag: 2100551786
Keywords: openalex:import

Determinants of household saving: Case study of smallholder farmers, entrepreneurs and teachers in rural areas of Kenya - Kibet, Lawrence; Mutai, Benjamin K.; Ouma, Desterio E.; Ouma, Shem Alfred; Owuor, George (Journal of development and agricultural economics, 2009)
The adoption of liberalization measures in Kenya culminated in a rise and spread of interest rates in the financial sector. The saving rate has however remained low. Most studies have not been conclusive on factors influencing savings in developing countries. This study adopted a microeconomic approach in investigating the factors that influence savings among households of teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers in rural parts of Nakuru District. The sample composed of 359 teachers, entrepreneurs and farmers was selected through multistage sampling technique from seven rural administrative divisions of the district. Through application of least squares method the main finding was that household saving is determined by: the type of occupation, household income, age and gender of household head, level of education, dependency ratio, service charge, transport costs and credit access. The study is valuable to decision makers in financial institutions, economists and other policy makers. Generally, decision and policy makers in private, government and international institutions concerned with finance and development need to consider the effects of the above factors when making decisions concerning saving. Key words: Saving, income, dependency ratio, rural, Kenya.
openalex: W2171214490 mag: 2171214490
Keywords: openalex:import

Vocational Education in the Deaf American and African-American Communities - Leakey, Tricia A. (2009)
openalex: W4291702782
Keywords: openalex:import

Education of the Deaf in Nigeria: - OJILE, EMMANUEL (2009)
openalex: W4383617747
Keywords: openalex:import

Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Murchison greenstone belt, South Africa - Schwarz-Schampera, Ulrich; Terblanche, Hennie; Oberthür, Thomas (Mineralium Deposita, 2009)
openalex: W2162156651 mag: 2162156651
Keywords: openalex:import

Better Education for Deaf People in French–Speaking Africa - TITUS, MARIUS ROCK (2009)
openalex: W4383617400
Keywords: openalex:import

A Survey Of HIV-Related Knowledge And Attitude Among Dental Nursing Students In South Western Nigeria - Azodo, CC; Umoh, AO; Ezeja, Ejike B; Ukpebor, M (The Resident doctor, 2009)
Objective: To assess HIV-related knowledge and attitude among dental nursing students in South Western Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of the entire 97 final year dental nursing students from 4 colleges of health technology located in South Western Nigeria was conducted in University of Benin Teaching Hospital during their external clinical posting between June 2006 and June 2007.A self-administered questionnaire elicited information on demography, HIV/AIDS knowledge, source of information, interpersonal communication concerning HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards HIV testing, occupational risk perception and willingness to care for HIV patients.Results: Response rate was 91.8% (89/97).About three quarter (73%) was in 21-25 years age group.Male: Female ratio was approximately 1:12.The respondents' overall mean HIV/AIDS knowledge score was 13.2±1.8out of 16 points.Level of knowledge was influenced by marital status, state of origin and sources of information (p<0.05).Misconceptions about transmission by mosquito bite (29.2%)Comprehensive training to clarify existing misconceptions and reduce discriminatory behaviour is recommended.
openalex: W2022467044 mag: 2022467044
Keywords: openalex:import

Uses of computer and its relevance to teaching and learning in Nigerian educational system - Bada; Tayo; Adewole, .; Ajibade; Olalekan; Ojedokun (Educational Research Review, 2009)
This paper examined the uses of computer and its relevance to teaching and learning in Nigerian secondary schools. The need for computer education and its objectives in Nigerian educational system were identified and discussed. The roles the classroom teachers would play and the challenges they would have to face in using computer for instruction were also highlighted. Possible solutions were suggested to ensure successful implantation of computer education programme in Nigerian secondary schools. Key words: Computer education, analog computer, digital computer, hybrid computer.
openalex: W2952899464 mag: 2952899464
Keywords: openalex:import

Origin of rare earth element variations in clinopyroxene from plutonic and associated volcanic rocks from the Foulde basin, Northern Kedougou inlier, Senegal, West Africa - Dioh, Edmond; Béziat, Didier; Grégoire, Marilaure; Debat, Pierre (European Journal of Mineralogy, 2009)
Abstract: The Paleoproterozoic basin of Foulde´, in the northern part of the Ke´dougou inlier (eastern Se´ne´gal), comprises bothvolcanic and plutonic suites belonging to the same K-rich calc-alkaline series. Plutonic and volcanic rocks are coeval and they showstrong compositional similarities in major and trace elements including rare earths (REE). Clinopyroxene is ubiquitous in the maficrocks and has the same major-element (except CaO) and trace-element (except LREE, Th and U) contents in both suites. Theclinopyroxenefoundinbasaltsandbasalticandesiteshasconvexupwardchondrite-normalizedREEpatterns,withaLREEdepletion[(Ce/Yb) N ¼0.64–0.67)].Clinopyroxenefromgabbroshaschondrite-normalizedREEpatternscharacterizedbyaLREEenrichmentwith(Ce/Yb) N ¼1.86–1.66.Thesedifferencesarerelatedtotheemplacementmodeofthetwomagmaticsuites,i.e.tothecoolingrateof the magma. In volcanic rocks, very rapid cooling allows clinopyroxene to retain its primary magmatic composition. In plutonicrocks the lowercooling rate allows late-crystallization andsubsolidus processes, which modify the early trace-element composition.Themagmaticprocessesaffectingthemonzogabbrosareoftwotypes:(i)reactionbetweenthemainigneousphases(clinopyroxeneand plagioclase) and an interstitial melt crystallizing quartz and K-feldspar, and (ii) exsolutions of amphibole, ilmenite andorthopyroxene in the clinopyroxene. The core of monzogabbros clinopyroxene that shows no exsolution has a higher CaO contentthanthatofclinopyroxeneinthevolcanicrocks.WeproposethatexsolutionofCa-and-LREEdepletedorthopyroxeneintheinnerrimofthe clinopyroxeneinmonzogabbrosinduces anincrease oftheCa content ofitscore andmay explain itscompositionaldifference(Ca and LREE) with the clinopyroxene in volcanic rocks.Key-words: clinopyroxene, in situ trace elements, monzogabbros, basalts, exsolution texture, Paleoproterozoic, Se´ne´gal.
openalex: W2007989965 mag: 2007989965
Keywords: openalex:import

Five Year Review Of Complicated Induced Abortions In University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City - Enabudoso, Ehigha; Gharoro, EP; Ande, Aba; Ekpe, UP; Okohue, EJ (The Resident doctor, 2009)
This is a retrospective study of 104 cases of complicated induced abortion, seen at the University of Benin over a 5 year period. One hundred and four cases constituting 3.93% of gynaecological admissions were studied. This represents 27.4 cases per 1000 live births. The mean age of patients was 21.37 ± 5.7 years with almost 80% being between 16 and 25 years. About 90% of patients were nulliparae, unmarried and had at the most a secondary school education. Over 70% of the patients had at least a previous abortion. The mean gestational age at abortion was 11.8 ± 4.7 weeks with almost two-thirds of the women having procured the abortion in the first trimester. Greater than 70% had dilatation and curettage or suction evacuation as the mode of abortion. A ‘doctor’ was the attending abortionist in a majority of the cases. The major presenting features were vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. The major indications for admission included incomplete abortion and post abortal sepsis. Close to a tenth of cases had abdominal visceral involvement. All the patients had antibiotic therapy, half had evacuation of retained products of conception, a fifth had laparotomy while about a sixth had blood transfusion. Over 90% of the patients were discharged in stable condition. The case fatality rate was 4%. The major causes of death were sepsis with visceral injury and acute renal failure.
openalex: W2046714454 mag: 2046714454
Keywords: openalex:import

An exploratory study of students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages in Nigeria - Gbadamosi, Ayantunji; Iwaloye, Ojo Olukayode; Bamber, David (Nutrition & Food Science, 2009)
Purpose Given the diversity which exists among various groups of consumers, the purpose of this paper is to explore students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Three focus groups and 20 in‐depth interviews were conducted with students in three universities located in Lagos, Nigeria. Findings Initial findings indicate that these students' consumption of non‐alcoholic beverages is influenced in many ways. Nevertheless, the most striking of these influences are found to be convenience of purchase, along with availability, price, health concerns, and culture/social reasons. Originality/value The main contribution of the study lies in the relevance of segmentation, targeting, and positioning activities of business organisations in respect of marketing of non‐alcoholic beverages. Based on the findings, the empirical study will serve as a valuable input to marketers in their planning, analysis, and implementation of appropriate marketing strategies to students vis‐à‐vis the highlighted influences on their consumption of this category of food. It will thus serve as a tool for creating competitive advantage in this prevailing volatile business environment.
openalex: W1600797530 mag: 1600797530
Keywords: openalex:import

Incidence Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Amongst Potential Semen Donors In University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria - Ibadin, OK; Enabulele, IO (The Resident doctor, 2009)
The incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Prospective Semen Donors where investigated using Standard Laboratory Procedures.30 Prospective Semen Donors were screened for
openalex: W2051002953 mag: 2051002953
Keywords: openalex:import

Attitude of academic staff in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions to student evaluation of instruction (SEI): A case study of Cross River State University - Idaka, Idaka I.; Joshua, Monday T. (Educational Research Review, 2009)
This study was designed to assess the attitude of academic staff in Nigerian tertiary educational institutions to student evaluation of instruction (SEI) and to find out the variable factors that influenced the expressed attitude of members of the academic staff, using Cross River State University as a case study. The study was a survey and so a questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Academic staff in Cross River State University was sampled for the study, using a proportional stratified and simple random technique to select 600 academic staff that took part in the study. Four hypotheses were tested using t-test and ANOVA. The findings were as follows: (i) Cross River State University academic staff displayed a significantly positive attitude to SEI, irrespective of the purposes to be served by the evaluation; although the attitude was more positive under formative than summative purposes; (ii) staff of the Faculties of Education and Arts displayed a significantly more positive attitude than staff from Science-based disciplines. It was concluded that Cross River State University academic staff are the same as their counterparts abroad where faculty evaluation in general and SEI in particular have become part of the school system. It was therefore, recommended that faculty evaluation should be introduced in our tertiary institutions as a way of enhancing the quality of teaching at that level of our education. Key words: Attitude, student evaluation of instruction, faculty evaluation, instructor evaluation, instructional effectiveness, quality teaching
openalex: W2133008744 mag: 2133008744
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Role of the Headteacher in Academic Achievement in Secondary Schools in Vihiga District, Kenya - Lydiah, L.M.; Nasongo, Joseph W. (2009)
The headteachers' role is to promote academic performance. The success of what is done in the school is attributed to the headteacher. He or she is the pivot around which many aspects of the school revolve, being the person in charge of every detail of running the school, be it academic or administrative. Schools can make a diff erence to student a chievement and the headteachers' leadership is one factor dete rmining that success. It is therefore important that the performance of a school is appraised against the performance of the person who leads it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the headteacher in academic achievement in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations in Vihiga district in Western province. The study was occasioned by the continued poor performance by most secondary schools in Vihiga district. The findings of the study showed that headteachers used quality improvement measures, teamwork and ensured that the staff was w ell established as organizational skills that influenced academic achievement. The headteachers were also involved in academic activities by observing and checking the students' and teachers' work, monitoring students' discipline and helping in eradicating cheating in examinations.
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Alcohol-Related Problems And High Risk Sexual Behaviour In Patients With Hiv/Aids Attending Medical Clinic In A Nigerian University Teaching Hospital - O, VO Olisah; Adekeye, Olujide A; Sheikh, TL; Yusuf, AJ (African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2009)
This study was designed to determine the rate of alcohol related-problems in patients with HIV/ AIDS and its association with high risk sexual behavior.A consecutive sample of 120 patients with HIV/AIDS attending the Medical Out-patient Department (M.O.P.D) in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (A.B.U.T.H), Zaria was assessed.All participants were screened for alcohol related problems using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).High risk sexual behavior was assessed using the HIV Risk-taking Behavior Questionnaire (HRBQ).Alcohol-related problems were found in 28.3% of participants (10% had hazardous use, 3.3% had harmful use and 15% had alcohol dependence).There was a significant association between alcohol-related problems and risky sexual behavior.Alcohol-related problems are fairly common in people already infected with HIV/AIDS and are associated with high-risk sexual behavior.Thus, screening and treatment should be part of an effective HIV intervention program.
openalex: W2109607413 mag: 2109607413
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The possibility generation: empowering students in the Mainstreaming Environment and Sustainability in African Universities Partnership Programme - Ogbuigwe, Akpezi (2009)
openalex: W4388477807
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Parental Involvement as a Correlate of Pupils' Achievement in Mathematics and Science in Ogun State, Nigeria. - Olatoye, Rafiu Ademola; Agbatogun, A. Olajumoke (Educational Research Review, 2009)
This study investigated the achievement of pupils in the public and private primary schools in mathematics and science. The descriptive survey research design was employed to carry out this study. Four hundred and eighty (480) pupils from thirty primary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria were randomly selected for this study. From the results of this study, parental involvement accounts for 16.1% of the total variance in mathematics achievement of primary school pupils (R2 = 0.161, p < 0.05) and 13.5% of the total variance in pupils’ achievement in science (R2 = .057, p < 0.05) .These percentages are significant at 0.05 level of confidence. It shows that parental involvement is an important predictor of mathematics and science achievement. There exists a significant difference in the parental involvement of public and private primary school pupils (t = -9.68, p < 0.05). Private school pupils enjoy more parental involvement than their counterparts in the public schools. Teachers and Counsellors need to enlighten parents on the need to personally get involved in the academic activities of their children. Key words: Parental involvement, science, achievement, mathematics achievement, teacher, pupils
openalex: W2100185133 mag: 2100185133
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Domestic Violence and Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya: Effects of Ethnicity and Education - Simister, John (Journal of Family Violence, 2009)
openalex: W1976613346 mag: 1976613346
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Education in Time: Cohort Differences in Educational Attainment in African-American Twins - Szanton, Sarah L.; Johnson, Brandon J.; Thorpe, Roland J.; Whitfield, Keith E. (PLOS ONE, 2009)
Educational opportunities for African-Americans expanded throughout the 20(th) century. Twin pairs are an informative population in which to examine changes in educational attainment because each twin has the same parents and childhood socioeconomic status. We hypothesized that correlation in educational attainment of older twin pairs would be higher compared to younger twin pairs reflecting changes in educational access over time and potentially reflecting a "ceiling effect" associated with Jim Crow laws and discrimination.We used data from 211 same-sex twin pairs (98 identical, 113 fraternal) in the Carolina African-American Twin Study of Aging who were identified through birth records. Participants completed an in-person interview. The twins were predominantly female (61%), with a mean age of 50 years (SD = 0.5). We found that older age groups had a stronger intra-twin correlation of attained educational level. Further analysis across strata revealed a trend across zygosity, with identical twins demonstrating more similar educational attainment levels than did their fraternal twin counterparts, suggesting a genetic influence.These findings suggest that as educational opportunities broadened in the 20th century, African-Americans gained access to educational opportunities that better matched their individual abilities.
openalex: W1966174941 mag: 1966174941
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Equity and Access to University Education through Higher Loans in Bungoma District Kenya. - Wachiye, Herman Joseph; Nasongo, Joseph W. (Educational Research Review, 2009)
University student loans were introduced in Kenya with the aim of easing the burden of public expenditure in higher education. In the initial years the loans were to benefit all students enrolled at University irrespective of their socio-economic backgrounds. The beneficiaries were expected to repay the loan later upon getting into employment. This mode of funding eventually became unpopular both to the government and the international donor community because of the inherent negative social implications. Consequently, the higher Education Loan Board (HELB) was formed through an Act of Parliament in 1995 and was mandated to disburse loans and recover the same from the former beneficiaries. However, HELB has severally been attacked of inability to consider the genuinely deserving cases. It is in the light of these criticisms that this study was carried out to determine the level of inequalities in the allocation of HELB loans to the recipients. Besides helping the researchers to develop insights into research work, this study uses the Lorenz Curves and Gini- coefficients as tools for determining inequalities in student loan allocations. This study was guided by the theory of socialist economics of education, propounded by Louis Blanc in the 19th century. This theory underlines the need to create an economy that redistributes income from the rich to the poor, so as to create equality of well-being. The study was carried out in Bungoma district and it involved 161 undergraduate loan recipients in the 2000/2001 first year undergraduate cohort from the six public universities, 161 parents, 2 academic registrars in the public universities and the manager of the loan Disbursement and recovery at HELB. Samples for the study were selected using purposive and quota sampling techniques. The population of the study comprised of; 275 undergraduate loan recipients in the cohort, 275 parents, 6 academic registrars and the loan disbursement and recovery manager at HELB. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data collected were analyzed by both the descriptive and inferential statistics. The income share tables, Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficients were used to determine the level of inequality in the provision of loans to the recipients. The findings to this study revealed the following; the amount of HELB loan allocation increased over the four academic years. The number of male students who benfitted from the HELB loan was higher than that of the female students. Majority of the loan recipients in the district were from the medium socio-economic background. There were small inequalities in the provision of the loans, however, these inequalities tended to reduce as the students in the cohort progressed through the four academic years. Recommendations considered essential with regard to ameliorating inequalities in the public universities were made and areas for further research were suggested. Key words: Access, bursary, efficiency, equity, public subsidy, socio-economic background, student loan.
openalex: W2167444915 mag: 2167444915
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Attitudes of teachers and students towards art and design curriculum: Implications for vocational education in Kenya - Wagah, Mical Ongachi; Indoshi, F. C.; Agak, John (Educational Research Review, 2009)
of 4 years of University education. The survival of this subject in the Kenyan School Curriculum is therefore worrying to the stakeholders. The attitude of the learners towards a subject of study greatly influences the readiness of learners to take it or perform well in it. This article is based on a study carried out in secondary schools in Nyanza province of Kenya. Objectives of the study were to find out the attitude of Teachers and Students towards Art and Design Curriculum and to determine the differences in attitudes between Teachers and Students. Respondents were 113 students taking Art and Design, 131 students who had dropped Art and Design and 15 teachers of Art and Design Curriculum. The findings of the study revealed that students who had dropped Art and Design Curriculum and Teachers of Art and Design Curriculum had negative attitudes towards the curriculum. Although students taking Art and Design liked the subject their reasons for this were not fully in line with the objectives of the curriculum. Some of the students were taking the subject for merely boosting their Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination (K. C. S. E) result. Based on these findings, it is recommended that students be given proper career guidance on Art and Design Curriculum. The subject should also be made compulsory in Forms 1 and 2 to give early opportunity to students to identify their talents.
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The Knowledge And Attitude Towards Seeking Medical Care In Case Of Exposure To Sexual Violence Amongst University Of Benin Female Students - Awuno, I; Obuehi, OF; Nwankwo, MH (The Resident doctor, 2009)
Sexual violence has been recognizedas a problem that adversely affects the well being of women.Despite the increasing wave of this crime, there is gross under reporting and a poor attitude to seeking medical care by victims, making the problem to be under-estimated and poorly managed.The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of the students on the concept of sexual violence and determine factors that would hinder them from seeking medical care when exposed to sexual violence.A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed in which selfadministered questionnaires were distributed to students residing in the 4 female hostels within the Ugbowo Campus of the University of Benin.The findings from the study showed that a greater proportion of the students were not willing to seek medical care when exposed to sexual violence.Attitude of health care workers was identified as capable of discouraging the respondents from seeking medical care.Knowledge of the consequences of sexual violence and the fact that health facilities can prevent these untoward effects was identified to facilitate seeking medical care.The study concluded by advising attitudinal change by health care workers as well as public enlightenment on the problems of sexual violence and benefit of seeking medical care to address this public health problem.
openalex: W2010807106 mag: 2010807106
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E-learning in Malaysia and Nigeria: a bibliometric study - Bakar, Ahmad Bakeri Abu; Harande, Yahya Ibrahim; Abubakar, Bappa Magaji (2009)
openalex: W13445286 mag: 13445286
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Climate Change and Africa - Collier, Paul; Conway, Gordon; Venables, Tony (2009)
This chapter examines the effects of climate change on Africa. At the root of climate change is global warming caused by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases. The warming occurs worldwide and temperatures are rising on the African land mass and in the surrounding oceans. But Africa is distinctive in the combination of climate-change effects. First, there is evidence that Africa is warming faster than the global average and this is likely to continue. Second, because Africa is such an enormous land mass, the climatic effects are very different according to location within the continent: there is no Africa-wide climate effect. Third, agriculture is the largest single economic activity in Africa; some of this activity is already close to the limits of plant tolerance, so changing climate will have an immediate and direct effect, beyond that in many other regions of the world. This chapter also discusses the design of international mitigation frameworks and their treatment of deforestation, and how Africa is affected by mitigation in the rest of the world.
openalex: W3123506576 mag: 3123506576
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Colonial school teacher. Madagascar, 1896-1960 - Duteil, Simon (2009)
openalex: W4392279477
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Sexuality, Contraception And Unintended Pregnancy Among Female Student Nurses In Calabar, Nigeria - Ndifon, WO; Dst, Ogaji; Etuk, SJ (The Resident doctor, 2009)
Background -There has been increased concern on human sexuality, especially with respect to contraception and the control of sexually transmissible infections.There is need to identify the sociodemographic characteristics that influence sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among young women.Methods -A descriptive cross sectional study that focused on the socio-demographic characteristics, sexuality, knowledge and use of modern contraceptive technology as well as interventions taken in the event of inadvertent pregnancy was conducted.A structured, close-ended questionnaire was randomly administered to 195 female nursing students with 60, 65 and 70 of them in their first, second and third year respectively.Results -Majority (76.7%) of the students were in the age bracket of 20 -24years.While 65.6% of them were sexually active, only 54.9% had knowledge of family planning.Condom was the commonest contraceptive used (37.4%) and the main reasons were that of effectiveness (31.8%) and safety (30.3%).There was a significant relationship between respondents with multiple sexual partners and incidence of unwanted pregnancies (p=0.003).The majority (51.2%) of those with unwanted pregnancies resorted to induced abortion.Conclusion -In view of the high prevalence of induced abortion among the respondents, current nursing training programmes need to be reviewed to meet the peculiar reproductive health needs of female student nurses.
openalex: W1975403871 mag: 1975403871
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Learning the Kenyan Way - Njoli, Evelyn (2009)
openalex: W2800380006 mag: 2800380006
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Role of the Gulf of Guinea in the inter‐annual variability of the West African monsoon: what do we learn from CMIP3 coupled simulations? - Joly, Mathieu; Voldoire, Aurore (International Journal of Climatology, 2009)
Abstract The surface ocean explains a significant part of the inter‐annual variability of the West African monsoon (WAM). The present paper explores the role of Gulf of Guinea sea surface temperatures (SST): how is the ocean–atmosphere observed relationship reproduced by state‐of‐the‐art coupled models? The ‘Atlantic Niño’ is the main mode of inter‐annual variability in the Gulf of Guinea. SST anomalies are maximum in June–July, and are associated with a convective anomaly in the marine Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which spreads over the Guinean coast. In most of the studied CMIP3 simulations, the inter‐annual variability of SST is very weak in the Gulf of Guinea, especially along the Guinean Coast. As a consequence, the influence on the monsoon rainfall over the African continent is hardly reproduced. Interestingly, many models exhibit a dipolar response of the marine ITCZ to the Atlantic Niño. In the observations and reanalyses, the absence of any evident shift in the position of the monsoon rainbelt is associated with a collapse of the correlations between Gulf of Guinea SST and Sahel rainfall at the end of the twentieth century. It is suggested that this may be due to the counteracting effects of the Pacific and Atlantic basins over the last decades. In CMIP3 simulations, the Atlantic Niño is often correlated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, only one simulation catches the observed evolution of the Pacific–Atlantic relationship at the end of the century. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
openalex: W2128003184 mag: 2128003184
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Effectiveness of a training program to increase the capacity of health care providers to provide HIV/AIDS care and treatment in Swaziland - Kamiru, Harrison; Ross, Michael W.; Bartholomew, L. Kay; McCurdy, Sheryl A.; Kline, Mark W. (AIDS Care, 2009)
Abstract Implementation of HIV care and treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa is a complex undertaking that requires training of health care providers (HCPs). Many sub-Saharan African countries have introduced training programs to build human resources for health. Evaluation of the ongoing trainings is warranted so that programs can be improved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative's (BIPAI) HCP training program in Swaziland. The specific aims were: (1) to assess coverage and delivery of the training program; and (2) to determine the impact of the training program on HCPs’ knowledge about HIV and pediatric practices, attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients, and self-efficacy to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART). The evaluation was a multimethod design with two types of data collection and analysis: (1) one-group pretest–posttest survey with 101 HCPs; and (2) semi-structured in-depth interviews with seven trainers from Baylor College of Medicine and 16 local HCPs in Swaziland. Quantitative data were analyzed using Stata Statistical Software version 8.2 for descriptive and multivariate analysis while factor analysis was done using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 14. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a didactic approach. Process evaluation showed that the training had good coverage, was delivered as intended, and improved as the work progressed. The training program led to a significant increase (p=0.0000) in HCPs’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS, ART, and relevant clinical pediatrics practices between pretest (mean 68.7% SD 13.7) and post training (mean 84.0% SD 12.0). The training program also increased trainees’ self-efficacy to provide ART and their attitudes toward AIDS patients (p=0.0000 and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, BIPAI training program in Swaziland had good coverage of all health care facilities and HCPs in Swaziland. The training was effective in imparting knowledge and skills to HCPs and in their attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients.
openalex: W2041671505 mag: 2041671505
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Urinary complications of pelvic trauma: anatomoclinic and therapeutic aspects at Conakry, teaching hospital, Guinea - Bah, Ibrahima; Diallo, Abdoulaye Bobo; Câmara, Thalita de Albuquerque Véras; Bah, Mohamed Lamine; Diallo, TM; Amougou, Boris; Kouyaté, K.; Diallo, Mamadou Bobo (Basic and clinical andrology, 2009)
Résumé Objectif Ressortir les aspects anatomocliniques et évaluer les résultats thérapeutiques d’une série de complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin suivie au service d’urologie-andrologie du CHU de Conakry. Matériel et méthode Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective colligeant 52 cas de complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin sur une période de cinq ans. Résultats Les complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin représentaient 3 % de l’ensemble des hospitalisations durant la période d’étude. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 33 ans, avec des extrêmes de 10 et 63 ans. Les traumatismes étaient dus aux accidents de la voie publique dans 54,9 % des cas. Sur le plan clinique, la symptomatologie était essentiellement constituée par la rétention aiguë d’urines avec 80,7 % des cas et d’hémorragie (hématurie et urétrorragie). La principale complication urinaire observée après le traumatisme du bassin était une lésion de l’urètre postérieur, avec 82,7 % des cas. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’un traitement chirurgical. Les résultats thérapeutiques ont été jugés après un recul moyen de 52 mois sur les plans urinaire et sexuel. Ainsi, sur le plan urinaire, les résultats ont été jugés bons dans 59,6 % des cas, moyens dans 17,3 % et mauvais dans 23,1 % des cas. Sur le plan sexuel, on a noté que 53,8 % ( n = 28) des patients ne présentaient pas de dysfonction érectile, 25 % ( n = 13) des patients avaient une dysfonction modérée et 21,2 % ( n = 11) une dysfonction sévère. Conclusion La prise en charge des complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin est controversée, cependant, nous insistons sur la nécessité d’une étroite collaboration avec les orthopédistes, car la stabilisation des fractures du bassin constitue un élément capital de cette prise en charge.
openalex: W1596536526 mag: 1596536526
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A Survey of the Dictionary Use of Gabonese Students at Two South African Universities - Ebanéga, Guy-Modeste Ekwa; Moussavou, Fatima Tomba (Lexikos, 2009)
This article presents a preliminary study on Gabonese users' knowledge, opinions, attitudes and habits of the use of dictionaries, and their dictionary culture.It is based on the principle that the lexicographer should know the target users and their needs (Householder and Saporta 1962: 279).The aim of the article is to present and discuss research findings of a lexicographic survey conducted among 100 Gabonese students at the University of Stellenbosch and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology with regard to dictionary use and culture.In this article, we discuss the objective of the research, the research subjects, the research methods, the research coverage, the research findings, the description and the critical analysis of the data.
openalex: W2135791436 mag: 2135791436
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The socio-cultural dimensions of e-learning in Nigerian universties. - Adeoye, Blessing F.; Apanpa, Olasumbo (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W1554310705 mag: 1554310705
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E-learning for South African emerging farmers’ agricultural knowledge support - Akinsola, Samuel (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W2250024557 mag: 2250024557
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Towards E-Learning in public universities of Ghana: Lecturers perspective in the use of ICT resources for teaching - Awidi, Isaiah T. (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W1536000291 mag: 1536000291
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Preparing Educators for an ICT-Mediated Teaching Environment in South African Higher Education: Imperatives, Options and Choices - Cross, Michael; Adam, Fatıma; Ojo, Emmanuel (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W2233689177 mag: 2233689177
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Adapting e-learning facilities to serve the rural communities in South Africa: the case of the Soshanguve community - Dehinbo, Johnson; Odunaike, Solomon Adeyemi (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W1582208434 mag: 1582208434
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Failing to Connect - Juxtaposing Positions on E-learning in South Africa - Dieperink, Marius (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W2239746384 mag: 2239746384
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Assessment of air pollution in residential areas of Kinondoni municipality in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania - Jackson, Msafiri M. (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2009)
The quality of the ambient air at residential areas has been assessed for Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam City.Three air pollutants namely Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and particulate lead (Pb) were measured in Mikocheni, Kijitonyama, Sinza, and Manzese.Saltzman, filtrations, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric methods were correspondingly used for analysis of NO 2 , SPM, and particulate lead.Results have shown that with exception of NO 2 , the other pollutants were present at levels above the WHO guidelines.The SPM concentration varies from 418.7 µg/m 3 to 804.0 µg/m 3 while the WHO guideline value is 230 µg/m 3 .The particulate lead range from 7.4 to 12.0 µg/m 3 exceeding the quarterly WHO standard of 1.5 µg/m 3 .Hourly average nitrogen dioxide concentration ranges from 16.0 µg/m 3 to 74.0 µg/m 3 , which is below the WHO guidelines value of 200 µg/m 3 .The carcinogenic risk assessment due to particulate lead pollution was undertaken considering people who spend most of their time in the residential areas.The additional unit risk realised was 78.8 x 10 -6 for adults and 25.1 x 10 -6 for children, both scenarios showing additional risk higher than the United States of America Environmental protection agency (USEPA) acceptable risk of 1 x 10 -6 .The obtained additional unit risk is equivalent to 48 people getting cancer out of 606767 exposed adult population and 12 children out of 476746 exposed children in Kinondoni Municipality.From these results it can be concluded that Kinondoni municipality dwellers, are living in hazardous atmospheric environments.
openalex: W2137567621 mag: 2137567621
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An E valuation of the Usability and Interactivity of e-Learning Platforms Used In Kenyan Universities - Odhiambo, Oscar (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W2130412139 mag: 2130412139
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Changing the Face of Education in a Nigerian University Through Ubiquitous Virtual Classroom - Oladipo, Francisca; Shittu, Adebayo (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W805560232 mag: 805560232
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‘They don't know how to defend themselves’: Talk about disability and HIV risk in South Africa - Rohleder, Poul (Disability and Rehabilitation, 2009)
Purpose. Disabled people in South Africa have been included, for the first time, in policy documents on HIV prevention. However, little is known about how persons with disabilities in South Africa may be at risk, or not. For policy to be implemented in effective practice, we need to know what the risk issues are for disabled people in South Africa.Methods. This study draws on qualitative findings from a survey and interview study exploring organisational responses to the HIV epidemic for disabled people. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic and discourse analysis.Results. An analysis of comments made about risk factors for HIV, identified sexual abuse as a key risk. Furthermore, findings suggest that disability stigma may be a key factor on increasing disabled people's vulnerability in engaging in unsafe sex.Conclusion. The findings provide much needed exploratory findings, in an area in which little is known; useful for considering issues for HIV prevention. However, caution needs to be taken that these findings are not the perspectives of disabled people themselves, and may reproduce accepted discursive truths.
openalex: W2001061374 mag: 2001061374
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THE PILLARS and Barriers of E-LEARNING in syria - Tadros, Ibrahem; Al-Laham, Mohammad; Al-Azab, Tariq A.; Al-Awamleh, Khaled (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2009)
openalex: W2223239749 mag: 2223239749
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Traditional eye medicine use by newly presenting ophthalmic patients to a teaching hospital in south-eastern Nigeria: socio-demographic and clinical correlates - Eze, Boniface Ikenna; Chuka-Okosa, CM; Uche, Judith N (BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2009)
This study set out to determine the incidence, socio-demographic, and clinical correlates of Traditional Eye Medicine (TEM) use in a population of newly presenting ophthalmic outpatients attending a tertiary eye care centre in south-eastern Nigeria. In a comparative cross-sectional survey at the eye clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, between August 2004 - July 2006, all newly presenting ophthalmic outpatients were recruited. Participants' socio-demographic and clinical data and profile of TEM use were obtained from history and examination of each participant and entered into a pretested questionnaire and proforma. Participants were subsequently categorized into TEM- users and non-users; intra-group analysis yielded proportions, frequencies, and percentages while chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons at P = 0.01, df = 1. Of the 2,542 (males, 48.1%; females, 51.9%) participants, 149 (5.9%) (males, 45%; females, 55%) used TEM for their current eye disease. The TEMs used were chemical substances (57.7%), plant products (37.7%), and animal products (4.7%). They were more often prescribed by non-traditional (66.4%) than traditional (36.9%) medicine practitioners. TEMs were used on account of vision loss (58.5%), ocular itching (25.4%) and eye discharge (3.8%). Reported efficacy from previous users (67.1%) and belief in potency (28.2%) were the main reasons for using TEM. Civil servants (20.1%), farmers (17.7%), and traders (14.1%) were the leading users of TEM. TEM use was significantly associated with younger age (p < 0.01), being married (p < 0.01), rural residence (p < 0.01), ocular anterior segment disease (p < 0.01), delayed presentation (p < 0.01), low presenting visual acuity (p < 0.01), and co-morbid chronic medical disease (p < 0.01), but not with gender (p = 0.157), and educational status (p = 0.115). The incidence of TEM use among new ophthalmic outpatients at UNTH is low. The reasons for TEM use are amenable to positive change through enhanced delivery of promotive, preventive, and curative public eye care services. This has implications for eye care planners and implementers. To reverse the trend, we suggest strengthening of eye care programmes, even distribution of eye care resources, active collaboration with orthodox eye care providers and traditional medical practitioners, and intensification of research efforts into the pharmacology of TEMs.
openalex: W2073559651 mag: 2073559651
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The quality and training needs of Moroccan agri-food enterprises - Ismaili, Mohammed; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide; Canavari, Maurizio; Cantore, Nicola; Castellini, Alessandra; Pignatti, Erika; Spadoni, Roberta (2009)
A distinctive feature of present trends in international relationships is the importance of human and social capital, including training and personal growth of actors involved in the production process. The objective of this paper is to discuss the need for education and training in Moroccan agricultural and agri-food enterprises in light of the increasing connectedness with the EU economy. In particular, attention is focused on the need brought about by increased product quality requirements and by the installation of EU and US enterprises in Morocco. The study is carried out through a survey of 98 Moroccan enterprises. The results show a high degree of awareness about gaps and problems related to meeting EU consumer expectations. However, they also emphasise the need for training and information. Many of the respondents already show a clear positive strategy toward meeting such needs, and many enterprises are already compliant with many quality requirements. The main focus of the training required is on the interface between technical and marketing activities. The most preferred, and required, competences were: marketing managers, quality managers, administration and finance and food safety experts.
openalex: W1934398974 mag: 1934398974
Keywords: openalex:import

Increasing education access through open and distance learning in Tanzania: A critical review of approaches and practices - Komba, Willy L. M. (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2009)
With an area of 943,000 square kilometers, Tanzania has a population of about 34 million comprising more than 120 ethnic groups with diverse cultures and notable income differentials. Over 35 per cent of the people live below the poverty line which makes it difficult for an increasing number of people to access education at secondary, tertiary and higher education levels. The universalization of education and its worldwide acceptance as a continuous or lifelong undertaking, coupled with concerns about educational access and equity, as well as the prevailing level of poverty necessitates the use of various education delivery approaches to enable all citizens to benefit from this public good. The major objective of this paper is to document an discuss the initiatives that Tanzania has taken to expand educational opportunities at various levels using open and distance learning (ODL) approaches. The paper begins by explaining the socio-political context for ODL in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar and proceeds to recount the distance education initiatives that have been established over time using both the longstanding traditional technologies and new media media and technology. It then analyzes the opportunities and challenges in these initiatives. It ends with the proposal of how to improve both access and the quality of education using emerging educational technologies.
openalex: W2145893772 mag: 2145893772
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessing Cell Phone Usage in a South African Township School - Kreutzer, Tino (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2009)
This paper reports on a pilot study, which surveyed two grade 11 classes (N = 66) at a secondary school located in a very low-income area in Cape Town, South Africa. Detailed activity-based questions indicate that virtually all respondents (97%) were found to have used a cell phone on the previous day for at least one of the measured activities. This study suggests the possibility that the majority of urban South Africans in this age group can and do access the Internet via their phones since 83% of the respondents were found to so on a typical day. This finding has significant implications for mobile media and Internet applications, as well as for future research on technology usage in similar settings. Despite the limitations of the sample size for this pilot study, the results nonetheless provide an illuminating snapshot of school-going youth at a bleak urban township school bordering an informal settlement.
openalex: W2119373422 mag: 2119373422
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change Mitigation Potential in South Africa: A National to Sectoral Analysis - Witi, Jongikhaya; Chaturvedi, Vaibhav (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
This paper discusses some of the impacts attributed to climate change that are likely to hit Southern Africa as a result of increasing global greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. As South Africa is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and currently ranked first in Africa, the paper assesses the country.s greenhouse gas emissions profile and possible future projections of emissions and their implications. It then discusses the strategic interventions proposed by South Africa in reducing the gap in emissions between what is required by science and what would happen if development continues at current rates without abating greenhouse gas emissions. Given that the majority of emissions are a result of energy consumption, the paper provides practical solutions to themes such as energy efficiency mostly for the industrial and commercial sectors. With international treaties on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. Kyoto protocol), there are business opportunities in the area of climate change mitigation. Thus, the paper finally discusses the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) scenario in South Africa and how the country can benefit from other emission trading schemes being practiced in different regions of the world.
openalex: W2183814005 mag: 2183814005
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change, Instability and a Full Spectrum Approach to Conflict Prevention in Africa - Bailey, Shawn T (2009)
Abstract : Climate change is an emerging threat to the national security of the United States. It has the potential to enhance the underlying causes of failed and failing states in Africa resulting in an increased frequency of crisis response operations, taxing the armed forces already engaged in conflicts around the globe. If climate change is the catalyst of crises to come, Africa Command (AFRICOM) must employ innovative and proactive cooperative theater security plans and full spectrum stability operations to meet the challenges. This paper will first describe the threat posed by climate change and its implications for sub-Saharan Africa and U.S. national security. The paper will present an examination of the historical evidence for climate change as a conflict enabler and an analysis of the potentially destabilizing impact climate change poses for Nigeria. Recommendations for how AFRICOM should engage already fragile African nations, such as Nigeria, which are vulnerable to the affects of climate change, will be offered. Achieving increased capacity for Nigeria in order to overcome the destabilizing affects of global climate change is the goal. An integrated interagency, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizational approach, coupled with an African Union led full spectrum stabilization, stability, transition and reconstruction (SSTR) concept, will be examined as the recommended course of action for the combatant commander to follow.
openalex: W152386008 mag: 152386008
Keywords: openalex:import

On a damaging earthquake-induced landslide in the Algerian Alps: the March 20, 2006 Laâlam landslide (Babors chain, northeast Algeria), triggered by the Kherrata earthquake (M w = 5.3) - Guemache, Mehdi Amine; Machane, Djamel; Beldjoudi, Hamoud; Gharbi, Sofiane; Djadia, Leila; Benahmed, Sihem; Ymmel, Hayet (Natural Hazards, 2009)
openalex: W2021784116 mag: 2021784116
Keywords: openalex:import

Suboptimal management of severe menopausal symptoms by Nigerian Gynaecologists: a call for mandatory continuing medical education for physicians - Nkwo, Peter O (BMC Women's Health, 2009)
Effective management of menopause is an important way to improve the quality of life of the increasing number of older women. The study sought to find out if Nigerian Gynaecologists offer effective treatment for severe menopausal symptoms.126 Nigerian Gynaecologists representing the six health zones of Nigeria were interviewed to determine the menopausal symptoms they had ever encountered in their practices, frequency of the symptoms, treatments ever offered for severe symptoms including their attitude to, and practice of hormone replacement therapy.A Nigerian Gynaecologist encountered an average of one patient with menopausal symptoms every three months (range: 0-3 patients per month). The commoner symptoms they encountered were hot flushes (88%), insomnia (75.4%), depression (58.0%), irritability (56.3%), night sweats (55.6%) and muscle pains (54.8%) while urinary symptoms (16.7%) and fracture (1.6%) were less common. Treatments ever offered for severe symptoms were reassurance (90.5%), anxiolytics (68.3%), analgesics (14.3), HRT (7.9%), Vitamins (4%), Beta-blockers (3.2%) and Danazol (2.4%). These treatments were offered as a matter of institutional traditions rather than being based on any evidence of their efficacy.The result revealed that most Nigerian Gynaecologists prefer reassurance and anxiolytics for managing severe menopausal symptoms instead of evidence-based effective therapies. A policy of mandatory continuing medical education for Nigerian physicians is recommended to ensure evidence-based management of gynaecological problems, including menopause.
openalex: W2080359213 mag: 2080359213
Keywords: openalex:import

Using seismic data to interpret the mechanism for Cenozoic volcanism beneath Ross Island, Antarctica and the Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa - Reusch, A. M. (2009)
openalex: W315027979 mag: 315027979
Keywords: openalex:import

The Laalam (Algeria) damaging landslide triggered by a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.2) - Bouhadad, Youcef; Benhamouche, Azzeddine; Bourenane, Hamid; Ouali, A.; Chikh, M.; Guessoum, Nabila (Natural Hazards, 2009)
openalex: W1972581434 mag: 1972581434
Keywords: openalex:import

Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea by School Adolescents in ILE-IFE, Nigeria - Ogunfowokan, Adesola Adenike; Babatunde, Oluwayemisi A. (The Journal of School Nursing, 2009)
Dysmenorrhea is a problem that girls and women face and often manage themselves with or without support from health professionals. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among adolescents with dysmenorrhea ( N = 150) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The aims of the study were to determine their knowledge of menstruation and primary dysmenorrhea, assess the severity of pain they experienced during an episode of primary dysmenorrhea, and determine the management strategies they adopted. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings revealed the adolescents had a knowledge deficit regarding menstruation and dysmenorrhea, 58% of respondents reported pain between face 4 and face 10 on the Faces Pain Scale and the majority used inappropriate methods to manage primary dysmenorrhea. School nurses are able to assist adolescents and their mothers in proper management of primary dysmenorrhea.
openalex: W2122097176 mag: 2122097176
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessment of Newspaper Advocacy for Rural Development and Environmental Education in Nigeria - Ifenkwe, G. E. (Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2009)
This study investigated the extent to which the print media, and particularly the newspapers, faced the challenge of informing, educating and championing the rights of the people in rural development and environmental education in 2006.It analyzed five leading national newspapers for a period of twelve months to ascertain their level of coverage and reportage of environmental and rural development information and specialty events.Rural development news coverage was highest (31.48%) in the fourth quarter, and least in the third quarter (17.79%) of the year.Sixty nine percent of rural development information/news appeared as features, while others were presented as editorials (13.04%), advertorials (9.27%) and pictorials (8.38%).The Sun newspapers (23.65%) could easily pass as the best print medium in reporting environmental and rural development news, followed by The Punch (22.5%) and The Champion (21.3%) newspapers.The Sun newspapers also exhibited consistent leadership in promoting activities in the health and population / family planning sub-sectors, while The Champion disseminated more information on rural infrastructures and environmental matters.Viewed from the perspective of editor's enhanced academic background, the rising educational profile of members of the public and the synergy between environment, health and rural development, newspapers need to improve on their advocacy role in order to enhance their credibility as promoters of issues of public interest.
openalex: W1979297867 mag: 1979297867
Keywords: openalex:import

Inclusive Education in Botswana: The Perceptions of School Teachers - Chhabra, Simmi; Srivastava, R. D.; Srivastava, Ishaan (Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 2009)
The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and concerns of teachers toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in the general classroom. The findings indicate that teachers in Botswana have somewhat negative attitudes with some concern about inclusive education. Significant correlation was observed between attitudes and concerns ( r = .323). The results also reveal that many regular teachers feel unprepared and fearful to work with learners with disabilities in regular classes and so display frustration, anger, and negative attitudes toward inclusive education because they believe that it could lead to lower academic standards.
openalex: W2167214332 mag: 2167214332
Keywords: openalex:import

Inclusive Education in Botswana: The Perceptions of School Teachers - Chhabra, Simmi; Srivastava, R. D.; Srivastava, Ishaan (Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 2009)
The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes and concerns of teachers toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in the general classroom. The findings indicate that teachers in Botswana have somewhat negative attitudes with some concern about inclusive education. Significant correlation was observed between attitudes and concerns ( r = .323). The results also reveal that many regular teachers feel unprepared and fearful to work with learners with disabilities in regular classes and so display frustration, anger, and negative attitudes toward inclusive education because they believe that it could lead to lower academic standards.
openalex: W2167214332 mag: 2167214332
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Life orientation in the intermediate phase (grades 4-6): A survey in selected Western Cape primary schools, South Africa - Deventer, KJ Van (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
To eradicate the inequalities of the apartheid education system the outcomes-based education (OBE) master plan, Curriculum 2005 (C2005), was launched in 1997 and implemented in 1998. In 2000, C2005 was revised and renamed the Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) which gradually became known as the National Curriculum Statement (NCS). Within the new education system, a new Learning Area called Life Orientation (LO) was introduced. Life Orientation presents five learningoutcomes of which one, Physical Development and Movement (PDM), resembles Physical Education (PE). Because LO consists of different constituents (Guidance, PE, Religious Education, Youth Preparedness) it was deemed necessary to investigate certain aspects of the implementation of LO. The focus of this article was on the Intermediate Phase (IP [Grades 4-6]) in the General Education and Training Band (GET). The main problem was to determine the perspectives of LO teachers regarding the implementation of LO and particularly the Learning Outcome, PDM, in the IP in selected primary schools in the Western Cape, a province in South Africa (SA). Quantitative data captured by means of aquestionnaire typify the research design as a survey. A total of 124 primary schools were randomly selected of which 45 IP teachers (N=45) returned questionnaires. Summary statistics using frequency tables and histograms were utilised. The data were analysed by using Statistica 8.0 (STATSOFT, 2007). Every aspect as stipulated by the NCS seemed to be in place for the presentation of LO in the IP. However, 51% of the LO teachers were not qualified to present LO as an integrated whole whichcreated major problems for the status of LO as a Learning Area in schools. The situation holds specific implications for the growth and development of IP learners. It is recommended that the Department of Education (DoE) should take the initiative and lead in this regard to urgently provide specialist LO teachers for the IP. However, Higher Education Institutions (HEI's) should become more involved in training initiatives for prospective teachers in LO.
openalex: W1987947314 mag: 1987947314
Keywords: openalex:import

Liberal arts and LIS paraprofessional education in the knowledge context: the cases of South Africa and Québec, Canada1 - Raju, Jaya; Jacobs, Christine (Innovation (Pietermaritzburg), 2009)
Liberal arts or general education provides students with knowledge, skills andvalues that enhance their ability to use their minds effectively and to participate in society with critical discretion. In many jurisdictions, however,paraprofessional education has not included any significant component ofgeneral education; programmes are, for the most part, focused on technical‘know-how’, despite increasing complexities in the roles of library techniciansbrought about by the evolving knowledge context. Such tasks as referenceservices, cataloguing and systems maintenance require exactly the types ofknowledge and abilities that general education fosters. Via a comparison ofprogrammes in South Africa and Québec, Canada, this paper invites discussion on the necessity for, and the modalities of, including substantial liberal arts components within library and information science paraprofessional curricula.
openalex: W2054303044 mag: 2054303044
Keywords: openalex:import

The use of schools for malaria surveillance and programme evaluation in Africa - Brooker, Simon; Kolaczinski, Jan; Gitonga, Carol; Noor, Abdisalan M.; Snow, Robert W. (Malaria Journal, 2009)
Effective malaria control requires information on both the geographical distribution of malaria risk and the effectiveness of malaria interventions. The current standard for estimating malaria infection and impact indicators are household cluster surveys, but their complexity and expense preclude frequent and decentralized monitoring. This paper reviews the historical experience and current rationale for the use of schools and school children as a complementary, inexpensive framework for planning, monitoring and evaluating malaria control in Africa. Consideration is given to (i) the selection of schools; (ii) diagnosis of infection in schools; (iii) the representativeness of schools as a proxy of the communities they serve; and (iv) the increasing need to evaluate interventions delivered through schools. Finally, areas requiring further investigation are highlighted.
openalex: W2165181163 mag: 2165181163
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence of noise induced hearing loss at a nickel mine in Zimbabwe - Masaka, Edmore (2009)
M.P.H.(Occupational Hygiene), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009
openalex: W143229940 mag: 143229940
Keywords: openalex:import

Legal Frameworks for Tertiary Education in Sub-saharan Africa: The Quest for Institutional Responsiveness - Saint, William; Lao, Christine V.; Materu, Peter (2009)
Prospects for future economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa will depend in significant measure on the continent's capacity to cultivate the higher order skills and expertise needed to acquire knowledge and utilize it to advance economic and social development. Recognition of this reality is leading policy makers and politicians across the region to renew their attention to the role that tertiary education can play in undergirding knowledge-based strategies for growth and competitiveness. As this awareness has grown, fuller understanding of the relationship between human capital formation and economic growth, the types of tertiary education policies that can nurture this relationship, and the national-level conditions that shape the possibilities for success in these endeavors has been pursued by the World Bank through a series of analytical studies. This analytical work culminated in 2008 with the completion of the region's flagship report entitled accelerating catch-up: tertiary education for growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. This report examined the human resource implications of more knowledge-intensive strategies for growth in Africa within the context of globalize competition and argued the need for more conscious management of education policies in order to align education sector outputs, especially postsecondary graduates and research, with national strategies for economic growth and poverty alleviation. In doing so, the report issued a clear call for more autonomous, flexible, and responsive institutions of tertiary education capable of adjusting their missions and programs to fast-paced changes in the technologies, economic relations, and trade regimes that can spell the difference between a nation's competitiveness and stagnation within the global economic arena. It also highlighted the critical role of governance arrangements at the level of tertiary education systems as well as individual tertiary institutions in determining capabilities for flexibility and responsiveness that enable timely adaptation to change.
openalex: W1514923429 mag: 1514923429
Keywords: openalex:import

Legal Frameworks for Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Saint, William; Lao, Chritine (2009)
openalex: W4242628143
Keywords: openalex:import

Cardiothoracic surgery training in South Africa: Where to from here? - Rossouw, Gawie J.; Janson, Jacques (The Egyptian Heart Journal, 2009)
openalex: W2223416283 mag: 2223416283
Keywords: openalex:import

Written representations of nominal morphology by Chinese and Moroccan children learning a Romance language (2009)
openalex: W4229998754
Keywords: openalex:import

Missions and Practices of Student Learning Assessment: A Comparative Study of an American and an Egyptian Universities - Razek, Nasser A.; Sheeh, Saeed (2009)
openalex: W2285398166 mag: 2285398166
Keywords: openalex:import

Drug use and its association with deviant behaviour among rural adolescent students in South Africa - Taiwo, T; Goldstein, Susan (East African Medical Journal, 2009)
To examine prevalence of drug use in adolescent students in a rural South African community, and to measure the association between drug taking and deviant behaviour.Cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires.Seven middle and secondary schools in Moretele District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.A random sample of 357 rural students comprising 193 (54.1%) females and 164 (45.9%) males, aged 11.7 to 19.9 years (mean age = 15.8; SD = 21.99).Self-reported use of drugs. The prevalence of bullying, absenteeism and weapon-carrying among respondents who had used substances was determined.Responses were obtained from 357 Grade 7-12 students. Alcohol was the most commonly used drug by the respondents. Reported lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 47.9% (95% CI: 42.6-53.2%); tobacco, 18.2% (95% CI: 14.4-22.7%), inhalants, 5.9% (95% CI: 3.8-9.0%); cannabis 5.6% (95% CI: 3.5-8.7%). Reported use of mandrax (3.9%), tranquillizer (3.6%) and cocaine (1.4%) was low. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-3.36; p = 0.002), initiating alcohol use before the age of 13 years (AOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.15-4.40; p = 0.018) and alcohol use were associated with absenteeism. Alcohol use, irrespective of the duration and being a male (AOR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.50-8.20) was associated with bullying. The significant factors associated with weapon carrying were alcohol, male sex and initiating alcohol use before 13 years of age.Drug use, particularly alcohol is common among adolescent students, especially males. There is also a positive association between drug use and undertaking precarious behaviour.
openalex: W2025906174 mag: 2025906174
Keywords: openalex:import

Aceptance of Hepatitis B vaccine by workers in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Ao, Fatusi; Fatusi, Olawunmi Adedoyin; Ao, Esimai; Aa, Onayade; Os, Ojo (East African Medical Journal, 2009)
To determine the pattern of vaccine uptake by hospital personnel in a specifically designed pioneer hepatitis B vaccination programme and to highlight major lessons for ensuring success in future programmes.A review of vaccination and employment records for a forty four-month period and comparative analysis on the basis of professional grouping and work units.Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.A total of 2,548 employees of the teaching hospital that have worked for a minimum of one year on a continuous basis between April 1992 and December 1995.Procurement of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix, SmithKline Beecham) by the hospital management and provision of the same to all interested employees of the teaching hospital at no cost under a vaccination programme which was conducted on an on-site basis.'Participation' in the vaccination programme was defined as the uptake of at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and 'compliance' defined as the receipt of the three prescribed doses of the hepatitis B vaccine.The level of participation in the vaccination programme was high with 91.9% of the target population of hospital workers receiving at least a dose of the vaccine, while only about half (53.8%) of the group complied with receiving the required three doses of the vaccine. In terms of participation, by professional grouping, laboratory workers and nurses recorded the lowest rates (82.5% and 84% respectively), while 100% participation was recorded in respect of the staff of engineering, medical records, pharmacy and physiotherapy departments. The highest rate of compliance (receipt of three doses) was also found among non-clinical workers (medical record personnel–76.3% and engineering staff–69.5%) while the lowest rate was found among nurses (39.7%) and doctors (40.3%).Workers with the highest possibility of knowledge of, and exposure to hepatitis B infection within the hospital setting–doctors, nurses, and laboratory workers–showed the greatest apathy to the vaccination programme. Reasons for this trend demand close examination, and subsequently, identification of specific action that needs to be taken to improve the uptake of the vaccine by the target population, particularly the high-risk groups, in future programmes. Among others, targeting all groups of workers with appropriate education on the infection; active involvement of professional groups in the planning and execution of the vaccination programme; and review of the implementation logistics are some of the key points to note for future programmes.
openalex: W2049800048 mag: 2049800048
Keywords: openalex:import

Uptake of Ocular Surgeries at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH), Abakaliki, Nigeria - Onyekonwu, CG (Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology (Mumbai), 2009)
Objective: To ascertain the number, types and frequencies of ocular surgeries done at Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH), Abakaliki, with a view to improving the overall surgical uptake.Methods: A retrospective review of ocular surgeries done at EBSUTH between January 2003 and April 2008 was carried out.Surgical records of all the eye surgeries done and all the surgical diagnoses made were retrieved from the eye operations register in the theatre and the eye clinic register and analysed.Result: A total of 353 surgeries were done within the period under review.Of these, 312 (88.4%) with complete data were entered for analysis.There were 183 male (58.7%) and 129 female (41.3%) patients who had surgery, with ages ranging from 6 weeks to 90 years.An annual average of 58.8 surgeries was done.The most common type of surgery done was cataract surgery 147 (47.1%) of which extra capsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant was performed in 121 patients (38.8%).Others were pterygium excision with anti metabolite application in 58 patients (18.6%) and corneoscleral repair in 29 patients (9.3%).The least performed eye surgeries included incision and drainage of eyelid abscess, 1(0.3%), exenteration 2(0.6%); paracentesis oculi 2 (0.3%), and tarsorrhaphy in 2 (0.6%) cases.Trabeculectomy was done in 7( 2.2%) patients.Conclusion: The yearly surgical uptake at EBSUTH was low and cataract extraction was the most common ocular surgery performed.
openalex: W1986265278 mag: 1986265278
Keywords: openalex:import

Oral Health Status Of Handicapped Primary School Pupils In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania - Simon, Elison N. M.; Matee, Mecky; Scheutz, Flemming (East African Medical Journal, 2009)
Background: There is hardly any information regarding oral health status of handicapped primary school pupils in Tanzania.Determination of their oral health status could help in planning sustainable intervention programmes for this disadvantaged group.Objectives: To determine caries and periodontal status and treatment needs of handicapped primary school pupils in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Uhuru Mchanganyiko and Buguruni special schools, Dar es Salaam.Results: The sample consisted of 179 (55.8%) males and 142 (44.2%) females aged between 7 and 22 years.Majority (71%) were deaf followed by blind (17.8%) and mentally retarded (8.7%).Six (1.9%) pupils were both deaf and blind, while one (0.3%) pupil was blind and mentally retarded.Forty one (12.8%)pupils had at least one decayed deciduous tooth, with the mean (dmfs) ranging from 0.25 to 3.24.The deaf had the highest mean decayed surfaces, followed by the mentally retarded and the blind.There was only one (0.3%) pupil who had a filled deciduous tooth.Thirty three (10.3%)pupils had decayed permanent teeth and 31 (9.7%) had missing permanent teeth.None of the decayed permanent teeth were restored.The blind had the lowest mean deciduous surfaces (DS) scores of between 0 and 1.0.In the mentally retarded group the mean DS ranged from 0.25 to 1.75.About 73.5% of the studied group had bleeding of the gums, with the blind having the highest mean bleeding index scores (p < 0.001) and about 82.8% of the pupils had calculus, with highest mean scores mainly among the blind (p= 0.008). Conclusion:The caries prevalence among handicapped primary school pupils was quite low.However, there was relatively high level of gingival bleeding and calculus.Regarding treatment needs, 23% required dental fillings mainly of one and two surface restorations and 82% required scaling and polishing.Despite these treatment needs these pupils had not received any dental attention.
openalex: W2058848631 mag: 2058848631
Keywords: openalex:import