Dental caries occurrence and associated oral hygiene practices among rural and urban Nigerian pre-school children - Abiola, AO; Eyitope, O. Ogunbodede; Sonny, O. Jeboda; Oyinkan, O. Sofola (Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, 2009)
The objective of this research is to assess the prevalence of dental caries in Nigerian preschool children and establish the proportion of treated lesions and to also investigate the association between oral hygiene habits and dental caries prevalence in the study population. Dental examinations were performed on 404 children aged between 18 months and 5 years and an interview were conducted for the mothers to obtain information about the child and her/his household. The children were recruited from primary health centres where pre-school children are routinely immunized in Lagos State. The prevalence of dental caries in the study population was 10.9%. A significantly higher caries occurrence was observed in children older than 3 years than in those less than 3 years of age (p < 0.001). Caries prevalence was not significantly associated with who supervises the child’s tooth-brushing (p = 0.106), type of toothpaste used (p = 0.657) and frequency of tooth brushing (p = 0.774). Oral hygiene score was positively correlated with caries prevalence and the relationship was statistically significant (p < 0.000). While the prevalence of caries in the study was low, the child’s age and oral hygiene score were observed to influence the occurrence of caries in the study population. Key words: Dental caries, oral hygiene, pre-school children, social class, tooth-brushing.
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An advocacy coalition approach to water policy change in Ghana: A look at belief systems and policy oriented learning - Ainuson, Kweku (Journal of African Studies, 2009)
The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was developed by Sabatier and Jenkins Smith in 1993 to explain and predict policy change. Bloomquist and other scholars have referred to the ACF as one of the most promising theoretical frameworks for studying the policy process. The ACF has been applied widely to policy change in a plethora of substantive policy areas in the United States, as well as in Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. However, the ACF has not yet been applied to explain the policy process in Africa. Thus, to test the robustness of the framework, this research applies the ACF to explain water politics and the water policy process in Ghana. This research specifically looks at the belief systems and policy oriented learning in water policy change in Ghana. Using a combination of survey methodology and key interviews, the research tests two hypotheses of the ACF; i) Coalition members are more likely to interact with actors they perceive as sharing their beliefs than actors who do not share their beliefs; ii) Policy oriented learning is likely when there is the presence of a professionalized forum than when there is not. The findings show that the ACF offers a good explanation of the water policy process in Ghana. Key words: Advocacy coalition framework, water politics, Ghana.
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Chapter 12. Linguistic Profiling, Education and the Law within and beyond the African Diaspora - Baugh, John (2009)
openalex: W2901597154 mag: 2901597154
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Do Ugandan Medical Students Intend to Work in Rural Health Facilities After Training - Bikaitwoha, Everd Maniple; Wandiraa, Geoffrey (2009)
There is a persistent shortage of qualified health workers globally, but worse in developing countries, where it is even worse in rural areas than urban and peri-urban areas. Health workers refuse to be deployed in rural areas or migrate to urban areas in search of better physical facilities and to avoid professional isolation, among other reasons. Health workers brought up in urban areas have not experienced rural life and find it difficult to countenance a professional life in rural areas. Several training institutions have engaged in programmes to expose pre-service health workers to rural health work to demystify it and to enable the professionals make an informed choice on practice location after qualification. In this study, the intentions of Ugandan medical students to work in rural health facilities after qualification were sounded out, together with the factors that affect them and their perception of rural areas. The study covered five government medical schools (2 for doctors and 3 for Clinical Officers). Students of all years of study in the different courses were interviewed, as well as key informants in the administration of the schools. At least one half of all the respondents (50% or 167/336) were clear that they did not intend to work in the rural facilities after training, while the other half was divided equally among those who wanted and those who were not sure yet. Whereas the proportion of those intending to work in rural areas rose progressively from the first year of studies, it reached a peak in the pre-final year (fourth year for student doctors and second year for clinical officers) and plummeted in the final year after the students had residential field experience. The majority of the students had a negative perception about working in the rural areas and associated them with lack of physical facilities, social services and communication. Personal demographic characteristics and previous exposure to a rural life did not seem to be related to a choice about work in rural areas. Most of the few students who intended to work in rural areas hoped to stay for not more than three years, before going either for further studies or for self-employment in urban areas. The paper recommends review of the community exposure programmes of the medical schools, with a view to improve support supervision in the field and logistical support for the students during attachment. It also recommends better facilitation of rural health facilities and better incentives and remuneration for rural health workers.
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Return to education in Algeria - Boutayba, Faiçal; Benhabib, Abderrezzak (2009)
openalex: W2761028384 mag: 2761028384
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Interannual variability of Atlantic hurricane activity and some features of West African climate - Camara, Moctar; Diédhiou, Arona; Gaye, Amadou Thierno (International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2009)
The aim of this study is to describe over the Atlantic Ocean and West Africa, the large scale differences between an inactive hurricane period (1991 - 1994) and an active hurricane period (1998 - 2001), before and during the peak of the cyclone season (May - June - July; MJJ and August- September - October; ASO). Over West Africa, the monsoon flow at low level extends more northward during the active period. This period is also characterized by the northward shift and the westward extension over the Atlantic Ocean of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and by the existence of a strong Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ). Moreover, intense low-level cyclonic vortices propagate in an unstable and weak sheared environment. These favorable conditions were generally present over Africa and over the North Atlantic Ocean during MJJ. The relationships between Atlantic cyclonic activity and the West African climate are strong during active cyclone years. African Easterly Waves (AEWs) are more intense and more frequent during the active period, both in their Sahelian and Gulf of Guinea tracks, while over the ocean, their activity and number decrease. During MJJ, the AEWs are more active over West Africa during active than inactive years. Key words: African easterly waves, tropical cyclones, African monsoon.
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Chapter 6. Street Setswana vs. School Setswana: Language Policies and the Forging of Identities in South African Classrooms - Cook, Stuart W. (2009)
openalex: W2901300366 mag: 2901300366
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Perceived quality of services rendered by institutions of higher learning in Ethiopia an exploratory study - Desta, Tesfatsion Sahlu (2009)
openalex: W2336939476 mag: 2336939476
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Arhab, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen - Habib, Fawzia; Azeem, Maha Abdel; Fadl, A. Abu El; Sayed, Raafat El (Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009)
openalex: W2995912107 mag: 2995912107
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Chapter 6 Literacy and Bi/multilingual Education in Africa: Recovering Collective Memory and Expertise - Heugh, Kathleen (2009)
openalex: W4238414803
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Seroepidemiology of Transfusion Transmissible Viral Infection among University Fresh Students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria - Jeremiah, Zaccheaus Awortu; Tony-Enwin, Evelyn Ovenome (Hepatitis Monthly, 2009)
Results: Prevalence rates of 1.7%, 2.1%, and 0.1% were obtained for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. A breakdown of HIV prevalence gave HIV-1 (1.1%), HIV-2 (0.27%), and HIV-1 /2 (0.33%). From the 1,500 subjects tested, 357 (23.8%) belong to the Ijaw, 408 (27.2%) to Ikwerre, 201(13.4%) to Ogoni/Eleme, 75 (5.0%) Ekpeye and 459(30.6%) belong to the other ethnic groups. Other ethnic groups accounted for the highest prevalence of HIV and HBsAg. Youths aged 21 to 30 constituted the highest number of HIV and hepatitis infections. Of the 23 subjects positive for HIV, 16 (1.2%) had HIV-1, 4 (0.3%) had HIV-2, and 5 (0.5%) had the HIV-1/2. Of the 1,500 subjects tested, 0.2% had HIV and HBV co-infection. Chi-square analysis indicated that age was a risk factor for the transmission of the three transmissible infections (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05 for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV, respectively). Gender had an influence on HIV and HBsAg (P < 0.05). There was also a positive association between the ethnic groups and the TTIs (χ2 = 18.136, P < 0.01 for HIV; χ2 = 2.785, P < 0.05 for HBsAg; and χ2 = 2.411, P < 0.05 for HCV). The 0.1% prevalence of HCV in this study occurred exclusively among nonnatives. Conclusions: This study has provided epidemiological data on some transfusion-transmissible viral infections in Port Harcourt and has identified some risk factors associated with it. To ensure safety in blood-transfusion practices, selection and screening of donors within the high-risk groups, especially individuals 21 to 30 years old, should be thorough and in accordance with the approved safety guidelines.
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Chapter 10. Sierra Leonean and Liberian Students in ESL Programs in the US: The Role of Creole English - Kleine, Christa de (2009)
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Chapter 2. African Perspectives on Linguistic Diversity: Implications for Language Policy and Education - Makoni, Sinfree; Trudell, Barbara (2009)
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Chapter 4. Perspectives, Challenges and Prospects of African Languages in Education: A Case Study of Kiswahili in Tanzania - Mtesigwa, Peter C.K. (2009)
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History and Development of Education in Tanzania - Mushi, Philemon A. K. (2009)
In History and Development of Education in Tanzania, Prof. Philemon A.K. Mushi, examines the historical development of education in Tanzania, from the pre-colonial to post-independence periods, delineating the economic and social context which shaped and helped to define the origins of various education reforms in formal and non-formal education and their developments in Tanzania beyond 1990. The book has attempted to uncover the underlying context with which the various education reforms were conceived and originated. At the same time, analysis of the current provision of education has been made to determine the challenges facing education provision in the country.
openalex: W578849658 mag: 578849658
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2. Ugandan Students’ Visual Representations of Health Literacies: A Focus on HIV/AIDS Knowledge - Mutonyi, Harriet; Kendrick, Maureen (2009)
openalex: W2800856349 mag: 2800856349
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The effectiveness of an HR code: Staff development and training at the Polytechnic of Namibia - Naris, N Sylvia; Ukpere, I. Wilfred (African Journal of Business Management, 2009)
Policies adopted by tertiary educational institutions play a key role in determining the future of an institution. When they are applied and monitored effectively, most of these policies bear positive results for the institution. Therefore, assessing the Polytechnic of Namibia (PoN) policy and practices are imperative. The HR Code is a policy document of the PoN and the main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HR Code: Staff Development and Training (SDT) of the institution. The research has established motivating factors for drafting the HR Code: SDT and analysed its weaknesses in order to trace whether staff development is linked to strategic goals of the PoN. The researchers have also made an earnest attempt to find out reasons why staff members resign after attending development programmes, which would assist the institution to map out retaining strategies, as it prepares itself to become a leading university of technology that requires more and better qualified staff. The enquiry adopted a case study approach because it dealt with a specific institution in Namibia. A triangulation research method was utilised to solicit information from academics, administrative and support staff, by conducting semi-structured interviews with top management, Head of Departments (HoDs), sectional heads and ex-staff members. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed to 230 staff members of which 130 responded, which gave a considerable satisfactorily response rate of 65%. Institutional documents were also reviewed to corroborate empirical data that was collected. Research revealed that the aim of drafting the HR Code: SDT was to improve qualification levels of Namibian staff members and to improve work performances of staff members within the PoN. However, research proved conclusively that there were no measurable mechanisms established to evaluate and monitor that the objective was achieved; there were also no staff development plans linked to strategic goals of the institution; staff members’ work performance was not assessed after training and there were no retention strategies in place. It is evident from the research findings that the desired results of the HR Code: SDT will not be achieved and therefore, recommendations are proposed that the PoN effectively communicates objectives of the HR Code to staff members; develop a comprehensive and complimentary staff development policy; a staff development plan; an innovative retention strategy and appoint a staff development officer to monitor and ensure that desired goals are achieved as means to save the institution from an unnecessary waste of financial, material and human resources.The research focus is on Namibians and permanent resident staff that have been employed at the institution until July 2008 and hence excluded non-Namibians, who are appointed on contract bases. It will be in the best interest of PoN to conduct a study the concerning effectiveness of academic staff development programmes that are offered by the CTL because tertiary educational institutions rely on quality of staff to deliver effective services to students. An investigation into the perceptions of non-Namibians regarding staff development and training at the PoN should also be studied. The value of this paper is that, by investigating the effectiveness of the HR Code: SDT, recommendations have been postulated to improve training and development initiatives in order to enhance staff members’ work performance and qualification levels, which will enable the PoN to realise its vision of becoming one of the most powerful institutions to be reckoned with within Namibia and the African continent, in general. Key words: Staff development, training, effectiveness, evaluation.
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Students' test anxiety, motivation for examinations and science achievement in junior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria - Olatoye, Rafiu Ademola (International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences, 2009)
This study investigated the relative and combined influences of test anxiety and motivation for examinations on science achievement of selected Junior Secondary School students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Twelve secondary schools were randomly selected from the list of secondary schools in all the four divisions of Ogun State. A sample of three hundred and sixty students selected from twelve schools participated in the study. Three instruments were used to collect data. Test anxiety and motivation for examinations accounted for 14.6% of the total variance in science achievement. (R square = 0.146, p < 0.05). This percentage is statistically significant. There is negative significant relationship between test anxiety and science achievement (r = -0.228, p < 0.05) and positive significant relationship between motivation for examinations and science achievement (r = +0.333, p < 0.05). Teachers and counselors should motivate students for examinations by providing necessary materials and equipping them with techniques of tackling questions. Key words: Test anxiety, examinations, motivation, science achievement, junior secondary school, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Chapter 3. Language in Education in Africa: Can Monolingual Policies Work in Multilingual Societies? - Rubagumya, Casmir M. (2009)
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Education and training considerations applicable to internal auditors in South Africa - Steyn, Blanché; Plant, Kato (African Journal of Business Management, 2009)
This study explored education and training considerations applicable to internal auditors in South Africa. The study aimed to determine, by means of a comparison, the extent to which education and training requirements for internal auditors are similar to those requirements that are applicable to other professional accounting and auditing bodies in South Africa. The study also aimed to determine the perceptions of the chief audit executives with regard to two considerations impacting the education and training requirements of internal auditors: entrance requirements of internal auditors and the demand for internal auditors. Data was gathered from 30 large listed companies in South Africa in various industries in order to identify the entrance requirements and the demand for internal auditors at various levels in the internal audit function. This information could enable prospective internal auditors, chief executive officers, audit committees, the Institute of Internal Auditors in South Africa as well as researchers to develop improved career development plans for current and prospective internal auditors. Key words: Internal audit education, internal audit training, competency, practical experience, skills, education and training requirements.
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Evaluating the learning experience of Undergraduate Entrepreneurship students exposed to an unconventional teaching approach: A South African Case Study - Strydom, Retha; Adams, Menisha (Suider-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Entrepreneurskap en Kleinsake, 2009)
At the University of Pretoria in South Africa, the teaching personnel decided to implement, in addition to the conventional teaching approach, an unconventional approach towards teaching entrepreneurship. The approach is unconventional in the sense that it differs from the norm or standard classroom teaching. The third-year entrepreneurship course is enriched with an assignment to start and grow an actual business. The purpose of this assignment is not only the practical application of the theory taught, but also to provide an opportunity for the student to start a business in a protected environment in order to break down any psychological barriers such as fear of failure. The lecturer guides the students through the entrepreneurial process, from finding an idea to organising the business. This paper evaluates the learning experience of the students exposed to the unconventional teaching approach. Preliminary observations suggest that the students acquired business skills and knowledge about the entrepreneurial process and created potentially sustainable, profitable business ventures in the class situation, despite coming from different fields of reference and different syllabi. This would seem to suggest that the practical teaching approach towards entrepreneurial learning created the conditions for these achievements. Key words and phrases: entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial learning, innovative learning methods, student business ventures, start-ups
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A review of the African red – flanked skinks of the Lygosoma fernandi (BURTON, 1836) species group (Squamata: Scincidae) and the role of climate change in their speciation. - Wagner, P.; Böhme, Wolfgang; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Schmitz, Andreas (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2009)
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Chapter 11. Continued Marginalization: The Social Cost of Exceptionalism for African Refugee Learners of English - Warriner, Doris S. (2009)
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Pedagogic relevance of stylistic practices in teaching Ethiopian poetry in English in a tertiary context - Zeleke, Haileleul (2009)
openalex: W2337443034 mag: 2337443034
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LECTURERS’ ASSESSMENT OF DIFFICULTY LEVELS OF GENETICS CONCEPTS IN NIGERIA COLLEGES OF EDUCATION - Ahmed, Mulkah Adebisi (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
This study is on lecturers’ assessment of the difficulty levels of genetics concepts in Nigerian Colleges of Education. Three hundred and thirty Six Biology Lecturers were purposively sampled from all the 68 Colleges of Education in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Three research questions were raised. Biology lecturers’ questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents on their ratings of difficulty levels. Frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the data collected. Findings showed that teachers/lecturers found some genetics concepts difficult to teach. It was recommended that curriculum developers should help design courses in genetics that will be simple enough for the lecturers and students of genetics among others.
openalex: W2268780869 mag: 2268780869
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Disarmament education: An imperative for effective management of education for sustainable development in Africa - Chinyere, Alimba N.; Francis, Awodoyin O. (International NGO Journal, 2009)
Africa’s educational terrain is hostile to innovative ideas that can usher in development and consequently sustain it. This idea is motivated by the fact that the death, destruction and suffering which violent conflict have imposed on the African peoples through the excessive availability and misuse of small arms and light weapons (SALW) have negatively affected the productivity of the educational system. Due to poor security network, easy accessibility, easy to hide and operate, small arms have found their ways into the educational system in Africa, increasing the rate at which crimes are perpetuated. Arm robbery, rape, cultism, intimidations and harassment of students, most especially the female ones and staff have characterized the development of higher education in the last decade in Africa. This situation, to a large extent, has affected the level at which education can contribute to the developmental needs of the African people. Therefore, to reposition the system for efficient management in order to create a safe and an orderly environment that can promote high quality academic exercises and to ensure that students and staff have the opportunity to develop themselves and contribute to the development of their societies, calls for the adoption of disarmament education. Disarmament education focuses on controlling and preventing arms from falling into illegal hands. It is a form of programme that intends to encourage people to resolve their differences peacefully without the use of arms. Hence, disarmament education can create a safe environment for people to operation peacefully in a society. Based on this, the paper examined the goals of disarmament education, the causes and effects of excess availability of arms in educational system and the link between arms proliferation, disarmament education and sustainable development. Equally, how disarmament education can contribute to effective management of education for sustainable development in Africa was equally explored.
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DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES - Etejere, Patricia Agnes Ovigueraye (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
The wide disparity in the enrolment and graduation figures of female and male postgraduate students in Nigerian universities is a source of great concern as a result of low female participation rates in comparison with their male counterparts. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the demographic characteristics of female postgraduate students in Nigerian universities and to find out whether the demographic variables made significant difference in female participation in postgraduate studies. The Female Participation in Postgraduate Studies Questionnaire (FPPSQ) was used to elicit information from 2,400 female postgraduate students in 12 Nigerian universities. Simple frequency counts, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques were used to analyse the data. Among other things, it was observed that even though there were more married women than single ladies for postgraduate programmes, more than 80% of female postgraduate students were below 40 years of age. With regard to the demographic variables, the findings revealed that only the class of degree obtained made a significant difference in the mean scores of respondents. It was suggested that universities, in collaboration with female role models from the corporate world and the public sector, as well as top female academic and non-academic staff should organize seminars and workshops for female undergraduates on the need for higher intellectual and professional attainment.
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ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS - Fasasi, Y. A. (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
Management of technical and vocational education in Nigerian secondary schools is examined in this paper. It covers the existing policies on class size, infrastructures, funding, staffing and transition from junior secondary school level. It is noted that the prevailing practices in these aspects are at variance with government policies. Low level of investment, high cost of infrastructure, preference for white collar jobs an unfavorable attitude towards this type of education are probable causes of discrepancy. Adequate supply of resources, effective management strategies, enlightenment for students and other stakeholders and special incentives for teachers are recommended.
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A model to promote dialogue about sexual health between teenagers and parents/teachers in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa - Lebese, Tsakani Rachel (2009)
openalex: W2785759964 mag: 2785759964
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Sub-Saharan African Students’ Experiences, Perceptions, and Expectations with American Health Services: An Intercultural Challenge - McCalman, Claudia Ladeira; Madere, Carol M. (Interpersona: an international journal on personal relationships, 2009)
Understanding patients‟ cultural expectations could contribute to better health outcomes and decrease cultural health disparities. This qualitative pilot study objective was to explore experiences, perceptions, and expectations of males and females Angolan students as patients in America. Eighteen face-to-face interviews were conducted at a Midwestern university. Burgoon‟s expectancy violation theory (1991) was the theoretical background. Results revealed as positive expectation violations an advanced technology, quality of services, medicine availability, and emphasis on preventive care. Negative expectation violations included high service costs, complicated insurance system, short medical encounters, and difficulty in building relational history with providers. The study also revealed that culturally related communication barriers as well as negative violations of expectations hinder the quality of intercultural clinical encounters and can affect health outcomes. Participants emphasized the importance of these interpersonal relations and their connection with perceptions of caregivers‟ professional competence. International patients/students revealed that they believe friendliness on the part of the caregiver is a signal that they are dealing with a “good” doctor or nurse. Intercultural competence is an important asset of caregivers who work in multicultural clinics and in college health. Practical implications emerged in international advising and clinician‟s education.
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Content Analysis of the Status and Place of Sexuality Education in the National School Policy and Curriculum in Tanzania. - Mkumbo, Kitila A. K. (Educational Research Review, 2009)
In Tanzania, sexuality education in schools is not provided as a standalone subject; rather it is mainstreamed in other subjects, namely Social Studies, Science, Civics and Biology. However, it is not clear how much sexuality education is covered in these subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of sexuality education in the Tanzanian national school curriculum. In order to discern the amount and nature of sexuality education in the school curriculum, the syllabi for the above subjects were subjected to content analysis. The results have revealed three major trends of school-based sexuality education delivery in Tanzania. First, only a few aspects of sexuality education, particularly in the area of HIV/AIDS, are covered in the Tanzanian national school curriculum. Second, a greater part of sexuality education is covered during secondary education level, which is arguably too late given that sexuality education works effectively if it is provided early before young people reach puberty, in this case during primary education level. Third, the current sexuality education delivery mainly focuses on knowledge, and little attention is paid to the other aspects of sexuality education, namely skills and relationships and attitudes and values. Key words: Sexuality education, HIV/AIDS, school curriculum, guidelines, Tanzania.
openalex: W2168173696 mag: 2168173696
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VIEWS OF NIGERIAN SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATORS ON THE AMERICAN MINIMUM PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE STANDARDS FOR SCIENCE TEACHER EDUCATORS - O, Abimbola Isaac; Omosewo, Esther O. (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
In this study, efforts were made to find out the views of 93 science teacher educators in the Nigerian Universities and Colleges of Education. Thirty three came from the Universities while 60 were from the Colleges of Education. The instrument was a questionnaire comprising 28 statements. Findings from the study showed that respondents wanted cognitive aspect, skills on moderation of higher degree science teacher education programme to be imparted to science educators. Specific recommendations were made at the end of the study.
openalex: W2230456715 mag: 2230456715
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COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF CONCEPT-MAPPING, ANALOGY AND EXPOSITORY STRATEGIES ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN CHEMISTRY IN ILESA, NIGERIA - Olorundare, Adekunle Solomon; Aderogba, G. A. (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
This study investigated the comparative effects of concept-mapping, analogy and expository strategies as well as the influence of gender and ability level on students’ performance in chemistry. Three hundred and forty-seven (347) senior secondary one (SS1) chemistry students were randomly sampled from three secondary schools located in Ilesa, Osun State. Three research instruments: Chemistry Concept Test (CCT), Chemistry Performance Test (CPT) and Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) were used to gather relevant data for the study. Hypotheses were generated and tested using mean score, t-test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe post hoc analysis. The findings showed that students exposed to concept-mapping performed better than those exposed to analogy who also performed much better than those taught using expository method. No significant difference was found in the academic performance of male and female students exposed to any of the three treatments. However, the ability levels of the students were found to actually influence the students’ academic performance. Hence, it was recommended that new instructional strategies such as concept mapping and analogy should be incorporated into the school system to improve Chemistry teaching and learning and performance of secondary school chemistry students.
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EMPOWERING THE NIGERIAN YOUTHS FOR HIV/AIDS PREVENTION THROUGH TRAINING OF TRAINERS FOR PEER EDUCATION PROGRAMME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS EXPERIENCE - Onyegegbu, Nkadi; Nwagbo, Chinwe (Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2009)
In Nigeria, the incidence of sexually transmitted infections {}STIs], Human immunodeficiency virus {HIV} and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome {AIDS} is high and is increasing especially among the young people of 15-29 years age group. The study investigated the effect of training of trainers for peer education on HIV/AIDS and reproductive health issues through the National Youth Service Corps {NYSC} members in their orientation camps. The study consisted of 643 {372 males & 271 females}; volunteer corps members in the ten states of the South East of Nigeria, the UNICEF Zone A Field. A standardized instrument, Peer Education Trainers’ Pretest-Posttest Question {PETs-PPTQ} was administered to the corps members before and after the seven days intensive training on HIV/AIDS and reproductive health issues. Results from the analysis using Mean and Standard Deviation{SD} showed that the training had a positive impact on the volunteer corps members and sex is not a factor on the effect of training of trainer for peer education on HIV/AIDS and reproductive issues. It is thereby recommended that the number of volunteer corps members be increased and provision of small incentive package to motivate them to become change agents to the response of HIV/AIDS.
openalex: W1777671704 mag: 1777671704
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PROVENANCING OF LIGHTWEIGHT VOLCANIC STONES USED IN ANCIENT ROMAN CONCRETE VAULTING: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY AND TUNISIA - Lancaster, Lynne C.; Sottili, Gianluca; Marra, Fabrizio; Ventura, Guido (Archaeometry, 2009)
The mastery of the use of lightweight rocks in concrete as a means of controlling the thrusts of large‐scale vaults was among the most important contributions of the Roman builders to the development of vaulted architecture. The string of volcanoes along the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy produced a variety of lightweight rocks, which allowed the builders in Rome to develop highly sophisticated ways of manipulating form and mass to create stable structures. The use of lighter rocks in vaults and heavier in foundations occurs from the mid‐first century bc in Rome, but the systematic use of imported lightweight rocks only began in the early second century ad under Trajan ( Lancaster 2005 , 59–64). Soon thereafter, the technique of using lightweight stones to build large vaults spread throughout the empire, usually to areas that had a local source of lightweight volcanic material. However, there was also a seaborne trade in lightweight rocks to areas that did not have local sources of such material. The intention of our analysis is to determine as precisely as possible the provenance of the lightweight stones used in vaulting of two areas of the Mediterranean, modern Turkey (ancient Cilicia) and Tunisia (ancient Africa Proconsularis), and thus to provide a better understanding of the nature of this trade.
openalex: W2088414356 mag: 2088414356
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Flood frequencies reveal Holocene rapid climate changes (Lower Moulouya River, northeastern Morocco) - Zielhofer, Christoph; Bussmann, Jens; Ibouhouten, Hanoun; Fenech, Katrin (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2009)
Abstract Current high‐resolution palaeoenvironmental records reveal short‐term Holocene coolings. One of these major Holocene rapid climate changes occurred between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP. The sensitivity of river systems vis‐à‐vis slight and short‐term Holocene climatic variations is a subject of controversy in the scientific community. In this paper, we present a 4.0 to 1.4 cal ka BP palaeoflood record from the Lower Moulouya River (northeastern Morocco) to demonstrate the high sensitivity of semiarid rivers in the southwestern Mediterranean towards Holocene environmental changes. The Lower Moulouya flood deposits are characterised by thick, well‐stratified, predominantly clayey to silty overbank fine sediments. These cohesive sediments show evidence of excellent preservation conditions against fluvial erosion and contain a continuous record of mid to late Holocene flood sequences. The Moulouya palaeoflood record can be interpreted in the context of regional and global high‐resolution proxy data, revealing a strong coupling with Holocene rapid climate changes. The centennial‐scale Moulouya palaeohydrological history will be discussed with palaeoenvironmental data from the same record (palaeomagnetics, sedimentary charcoal record, anthracological analyses, snail analyses) to generate new ideas about the mid to late Holocene hydrological cycle in the southwestern Mediterranean. The deduced features of pronounced Lower Moulouya flooding and the decreased fire recurrence during Holocene cooling remain somewhat inconsistent with the interpretation of other palaeohydrological and paleaoecological records from the southwestern Mediterranean. However, enhanced Lower Moulouya flood frequencies between 3.2 and 2.7 cal. ka BP agree with increased floodplain aggradation in other major river systems of Mediterranean North Africa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Education and Access to Knowledge in Southern Africa - Rens, Andrew; Prabhala, Achal; Kawooya, Dick (2009)
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Role of open learning system in socio development of women Comparative study between palestine and India - Farha, Abu; Majed, M M (2009)
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Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks from the southern Ashanti volcanic belt, Ghana - Dampare, Samuel; Shibata, Tsugio; Asiedu, Daniel; Okano, Osamu; Manu, Johnson; Sakyi, Patrick Asamoah (2009)
Neodymium (Nd) and strontium (Sr) isotopic data are presented for Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks in the southern part of the Ashanti volcanic belt of Ghana. The metavolcanic rocks are predominantly basalts/basaltic andesites and andesites with minor dacites. Two types of basalts/basaltic andesites (B/A), Type I and Type II, have been identified. The Type I B/A are stratigraphically overlain by the Type II B/A, followed by the andesites and the dacites. The analyzed volcanic rocks commonly have low initial (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios consistent with previous studies on Paleoproterozoic rocks from the West African craton. The LREE-depleted, tholeiitic Type I B/A exhibit back-arc basin geochemical signatures and show high positive epsilon Nd (i.e., e(Nd) (2.1 Ga) = +3.89 to +7.21), which suggest a long term depleted source and also indicate that they were produced in an entirely oceanic environment devoid of influence of continental crust. The isotope signatures are thus consistent with the previously published trace element data of the Type I basalts/basaltic andesites in suggesting that their parent magma was generated from a depleted mantle. The Type I B/A have Nd model ages (T(DM2)) of 1.83–2.09 Ga similar to their formation ages, suggesting that they were juvenile at their time of formation. The andesites and the Type II B/A andesites show LREE-enriched patterns and exhibit characteristics of subduction zone-related magmas, and show initial e(Nd) (2.1Ga) values of –1.15 to + 1.35 and Nd model ages (T(DM2)) of 2.32–2.58 Ga. The LREE-enriched dacitic porphyry also exhibits characteristics of subduction zone-related magmas, and have initial e(Nd) (2.1Ga) value of –2.24 and Nd model ages (T(DM2)) of 2.64 Ga. The Nd isotopic data confirms the juvenile character of the Birimian crust, but also suggests some contributions of a pre-Birimian crustal material (or Archean?) in the genesis of some of the metavolcanic rocks. Our isotopic result is consistent with the island arc complex model which views Paleoproteozoic terranes of West Africa in the context of subduction–accretion processes.
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Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Paleoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks from the southern Ashanti volcanic belt, Ghana - ダムパリ, サムエル; 柴田, 次夫; アシード, ダニエル; 岡野, 修; マーヌ, ジョンソン; サチ, パトリック (2009)
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Religious Conversion to Islam and Its Influence on Workplace Relationships in American and Egyptian Schools: A Case Study - Brooks, Melanie C. (Educational Policy, 2009)
This single-subject case study explored one teacher’s religious conversion to Islam and her workplace relationships in the United States and Egypt. Key findings of the study suggested that social context of schools influenced workplace relationships. As a Muslim-American teacher working in the American public schools, she was uncomfortable revealing her Muslim identity. Teaching in an Islamic-American school, she was welcomed as a member of the community. In Egypt, she viewed the schools through an American lens and chose to outwardly disapprove of administrative decisions. Her Muslim identity had no bearing on her ability to gain acceptance; rather, it was her overconfidence and ego that harmed her workplace relationships. Although Amy failed to foster positive interpersonal relationships while teaching, she continued to pursue teaching, hoping for a better situation at another Egyptian private school.
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Deregulation of University Education in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects - Adeogun, A.A.; Subair, S. T.; Osifila, G.I. (2009)
This paper focuses on the deregulation of university education in Nigeria, its problems and prospects. The paper commences with the recognition given to education all over the world, especially higher education. Nigeria as a country gives much credence to higher education as the means for social and economic mobility, social transformation, and as a major platform for higher level workforce development – managerial and technological. To achieve these laudable objectives, therefore, government has given approval to private individuals and organizations to own and manage private higher institutions of learning. This paper examines some of the problems that accompany privatization policy of higher education such as high costs, the widening of gap between the upper class and indigent students, and the circumvention of standards in the name of profits, among others. The prospect for this noble idea was also examined.
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Teaching Africa: Towards a Transgressive Pedagogy - Dei, George J. Sefa (2009)
Preface Chapter 1: History as Tool of Colonialism Chapter 2: Teaching and Learning African History Chapter 3: The Study of Africa and the African Experience: The Challenge and Possibilities of an Integrative Theory Chapter 4: Theorizing Africa Beyond its Boundaries Chapter 5: Teaching Africa: 'Development' and Decolonization Chapter 6: Reclaiming 'Development' through Indigeneity and Indigenous Knowledge Chapter 7: Indigenous Knowledge Studies and the Next Generation: Pedagogical Possibilities for Anti-Colonial Education Chapter 8: Politicizing the Contemporary Learning: Implications for African Schooling and Education Chapter 9: Looking to the Future – Afrocentric Schooling in Action: Applying Development Discourses to Community Empowerment, HIV/AIDS Awareness, and Sustainability
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An Assessment of Reading Culture among Students in Nigerian Tertiary Institution-A Challenge to Educational Managers - Ifedili, Chika Josephine (Reading Improvement, 2009)
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Laptops and Diesel Generators: Introducing PhET Simulations to Teachers in Uganda - McKagan, Sarah B. (The Physics Teacher, 2009)
This article describes workshops for high school physics teachers in Uganda on inquiry-based teaching and PhET simulations. I hope it increases awareness of the conditions teachers face in developing countries and inspires others to give similar workshops. This work demonstrates what is possible with some concerted, but not extraordinary, effort.
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Relevance, equivalence and progression in an adult basic education curriculum for Botswana - Modise, Oitshepile MmaB; Oduaran, Akpovire (Western journal of black studies, 2009)
Introduction In many nations, adult education is being urgently asked to specify ways and means by which it seeks to enhance directly the total living, productive and competitive capacities of its target audience. This is expectedly so in a world inundated with searches for ways of promoting the competitiveness of the human resource and national economies in the global market. In other words, adult education is being asked to metamorphose into a vade mecum for coping effectively with globalization in its entirety. The Government of Botswana has since committed itself to having a system of quality education that is able to adapt to the changing needs of the country as the world around changes (Botswana Government 1997, p. 5). For many developing countries like Botswana where there are still pockets of illiterates in the population, it would seem that the first task of adult education should begin with laying a solid foundation through the implementation of an effective adult basic education curriculum. In Botswana, the concept of adult basic education is used to describe and define adult literacy programs. It is therefore important for us to state at this point that the ontological–methodological frame Bhola (1996-1998) had always applied in similar contexts apply with some modifications to our circumstances. The ontological-methodological frame is usually situated within an epistemic space defined by systems thinking, dialectical thinking and constructivist thinking (Bhola, 1998, p.487). Under its application, one can assume some considerable degree of dialectical relationship between adult basic education as a process and national development as a goal. This process ostensibly requires meeting individual adult learners' expressed needs, the needs of their societies and communities and the usually over-arching national, social, cultural, political and economic needs. It is realized that there is no way adult basic education can really achieve the goal just specified without first of all guaranteeing access, equity, equality, relevance, equivalence and progression between it and the formal education sector. That is why improvement in relevance, the quality, and access to adult basic education should guide our curriculum development efforts for the future. The goal of progression nursed by relevance and equivalence could best be achieved if both policy direction and strategies for addressing these issues are implemented. Hence, this paper has been structured along the lines of examining: * The rationale behind the Department of Nonformal Education effort * Basic considerations in curriculum designs * Some models or progression in adult basic education programmes in Africa * Some progression issues for consideration in the design of adult basic curriculum in Botswana. The rationale Before independence in 1966, adult literacy programs were under the jurisdiction of the welfare officer in the then Department of Education. The program activities were conducted by community development assistants. Adult literacy was not a priority at the time mainly because of the poor economic situation of the country. The 1977 National Commission on Education and the National Development Plans that came after, recommended that adult basic education be given some visible consideration. As a result, the Department of Non Formal Education was established in 1979, and during the same period, it produced a document entitled the Eradication of Illiteracy in Botswana–A National Initiative. It is this document that provided the baseline for the National Literacy Program (NLP). One of the objectives of the National Literacy Program was to eradicate illiteracy, an ambitious objective at that time but which has been achieved to a large extent as of today. For Botswana has achieved well over 83% adult literacy to date. The search for a competent curriculum equivalent in Botswana is therefore not fortuitous, neither is it a baseless and cosmetic mere quest for novelty as an end in itself as is usually found in the nascent practices aimed at throwing overboard just any idea administrators cannot comprehend. …
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Prospective Teachers Experiences Teaching Mathematics to African American Males. - Sheppard, Peter (Education 3-13, 2009)
Regardless of the manner in which mathematics achievement is measured, African American males are consistently placed at risk for academic failure, chronically underrepresented among high achievers, and overrepresented among underachievers (Davis, 2003; Martin, 2000). Contributing to their sub-par performance is a school mathematics curriculum that is divorced from African American students' everyday experiences (Ladson-Billings, 1997). This curriculum is most often supplemented by a that fails to provide African American students with curriculum, instruction, or assessment centered on their experiences, culture, and traditions (Tate 1995; Woodson, 1933). The cumulative effects of a disengaging curriculum and a foreign pedagogy in mathematics causes many African American males to suffer the callous repercussions embedded in high stakes educational accountability systems (Sheppard, 2006). Further complicating mathematics teaching and learning is the socially and culturally homogeneity of its teaching force. Conceivably, the majority of said teachers' life experiences are dissimilar to those of African American male students. Ladson Billings (1997) points out If teachers are to be more effective with African American students, they must develop a positive identification with them–to perceive them to be like them, that is, fully human and possessing enormous intellectual capacity (p.704). Accordingly, this paper describes an effort to address the aforementioned issues by providing prospective teachers (PT) opportunities to better understand African American male students and better focus on how they learn mathematics. Said goals are inline with National Council for the Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) principals of effective teaching. NCTM (1999) posits that effective teachers: should be responsive to students' prior knowledge, intellectual strengths, and personal interests; should be committed to their students learners of mathematics and human beings; and need to know ways to help bridge common misunderstandings students may have Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which prospective teachers gained an understanding of African American males and their mathematical thinking while attempting to incorporate the principals of effective teaching endorsed by NCTM. Related Literature Davis (2003) noted that African American male school attrition results from a genuine disinterest in fulfilling their roles conventional learners in school settings. Among the reasons Davis (2003) cites for the disengagement, alienation, and poor academic performance of African American males is that they perceive most educational activities and irrelevant to their masculine identity and development. He also points out that teachers, impose a feminine culture on males that induce oppositional behaviors. Further, schools ignore African American males' aspirations, disrespect their ability to learn, fail to access and cultivate their many talents, and impose a restrictive range of their options. Nonetheless, Davis (2003) sees schools critical sites for young Black males as they make meaning of who they are, what they are supposed to do, and how others perceive them (p. 520). Lattimore (2005) suggests that mathematics educators listen to African American students' voices. According to Lattimore, listening to African American students helps to identify those vital teaching and learning environments that contribute to African American students succeeding in mathematics. He pointed out three chief outcomes resulting from listening to African American students' voices: 1) African American students can provide insight into teaching strategies that motivate them to learn mathematics; 2) these voices can aid mathematics educators in conceptualizing and examining the particular characteristics of effective mathematics teachers of African American students and 3) listening to African American students' voices has the propensity to add to the repertoire of methodologies pertinent to improving the mathematics education of African American students. …
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Assessment of the Egyptian tourist technical education in light of the recent global changes - Eldin, Azza Khair; Hamouda, Ibrahim; Ramadan, M. Agphin (Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality (JAAUTH) (Print), 2009)
Evaluating the Egyptian Tourism Technical Education Regarding the Global Modern Variables The current study is.about the quality technical tourism education in Egypt .the ultimate purpose of this paper is to clarify the emergence of globalization and its impact on the quality of technical tourism education in Egypt. Desk sources used in this study embrace books and periodicals. In terms of field study, questionnaires were gives to students, teachers and graduates of technical tourism schools "three and five years" in Greater Cairo. This study recommends the exploiting of the technological equipments in the educational process. Moreover, it is preferable that all the teachers working for those technical schools have to be professionals "graduated from faculties of tourism and hotel management".
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Tanzanian Women in Their Own Words: Stories of Disability and Illness - Feinstein, Sheryl; D'Errico, Nicole C. (2009)
Chapter 1. Atu Chapter 2. Yudith Chapter 3. Paulina Chapter 4. Modezia Chapter 5. Rukia Chapter 6. Dorah, Mbakisha & Latifah Chapter 7. Madeline & Robert Chapter 8. Fadhima Chapter 9. Luse & Harriot Chapter 10. Maliamu Chapter 11. Maua & Isabella Chapter 12. Faustina Chapter 13. Angela & Mary Chapter 14. Helena
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Survey on the current conditions of higher stomatology education in Papua New Guinea - 肖水生; 贺鸿星 (Res Med Edu, 2009)
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Groundwater quality of Yemen volcanic terrain and their geological and geochemical controls - Al-Mikhlafi, Ahmed Saif (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2009)
openalex: W1502266378 mag: 1502266378
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Reassessment of source parameters for three major earthquakes in the East African rift system from historical seismograms and bulletins - Ayele, Atalay; Kulhánek, Ota (Annals of Geophysics, 2009)
Source parameters for three majo earthquakes in the East African rift are re-computed from historical seismograms and bulletins. The main shock and the largest foreshock of the August 25, 1906 earthquake sequence in the main Ethiopian rift are re-located on the eastern shoulder of the rift segment.The magnitude of the main shock is estimated to be 6.5 (Mw) from spectral analysis. The December 13, 1910 earthquake in the Rukwa rift (Western Tanzania) indicated a significant strike-slip component from teleseismcs body-waveform inversion for fault mechanism and seismic moment. The January 6, 1928 earthquake in the Gregory rift (Kenya) showed a multiple rupture process and unusually long duration for a size of 6.6(Mw). The May 20, 1990 earthquake in Southern Sudan, mentioned merely for the sake of comparison, is the largest of all instrumentally recorded events in the East African rift system. Despite the fact that the mode of deformation in the continental rift is predominantly of extensional nature, the three largest earthquakes known to occur in the circum-Tanzanian craton have shallow focal depths and significant strike-slip component in their fault mechanisms. This and similar works will enrich the database for seismic hazard assessment in East Africa.
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Specific remedy for specific problem: measuring service quality in South African higher education - Jager, Johan de; Gbadamosi, Gbolahan (Higher Education, 2009)
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Teaching Diversity across Disciplines: Reflections from African-American Faculty in Four Different Academic Settings - Marbley, Aretha Faye; Burley, Hansel; Bonner, Fred A.; Ross, Wendy (The Educational Forum, 2009)
Abstract The authors, male and female African-American faculty from different academic disciplines at predominantly white institutions, share personal reflections on their experiences teaching postsecondary graduate and professional courses that focus on diversity and multicultural themes. This article provides tools and strategies for improving the overall effectiveness for those who teach diversity courses from a framework the authors have codified as a “3-C” perspective: context, characters, and curriculum.
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Exploring Preparation of Teachers to Teach about HIV/AIDS in Kenya - Onyango, Moses Orwe (Educate~, 2009)
This paper reports preliminary findings on how a primary teacher-training college in Kenya is preparing teacher trainees to teach about HIV/AIDS. Included are features of the Kenya education system. The aim of the study was to understand the preparation of teachers to teach about HIV/AIDS by exploring both teacher-trainers’ and trainees’ preparedness. The study was conducted by carrying out document review, observation and semi-structured interviews with the college administration, two teacher-trainers, as well as a group interview with four trainees. Inductive analysis was carried out by identifying categories, codes and themes, and the literature review was used to summarise the findings. The study established that there were awareness programmes at the college; however, interviewees felt trainees’ preparation to teach about HIV/AIDS was superficial. Hence there is a need to improve and intensify the cascade model employed by the Ministry of Education to prepare teacher trainers to teach about HIV/AIDS. The starting point at the college should be the completion of an HIV/AIDS policy, which is still in draft form, so that it can be used to provide guidance on HIV/AIDS education.
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The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. - Sbeinati, Mohamed Reda; Darawcheh, Ryad; Mouty, Mikhail (Annals of geophysics (Print), 2009)
The historical sources of large and moderate earthquakes, earthquake catalogues and monographs exist in many depositories in Syria and European centers. They have been studied, and the detailed review and analysis resulted in a catalogue with 181 historical earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Numerous original documents in Arabic, Latin, Byzantine and Assyrian allowed us to identify seismic events not mentioned in previous works. In particular, detailed descriptions of damage in Arabic sources provided quantitative information necessary to re-evaluate past seismic events. These large earthquakes (I0>VIII) caused considerable damage in cities, towns and villages located along the northern section of the Dead Sea fault system. Fewer large events also occurred along the Palmyra, Ar-Rassafeh and the Euphrates faults in Eastern Syria. Descriptions in original sources document foreshocks, aftershocks, fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, fires and other damages. We present here an updated historical catalogue of 181 historical earthquakes distributed in 4 categories regarding the originality and other considerations, we also present a table of the parametric catalogue of 36 historical earthquakes (table I) and a table of the complete list of all historical earthquakes (181 events) with the affected locality names and parameters of information quality and completeness (table II) using methods already applied in other regions (Italy, England, Iran, Russia) with a completeness test using EMS-92. This test suggests that the catalogue is relatively complete for magnitudes >6.5. This catalogue may contribute to a comprehensive and unified parametric earthquake catalogue and to a realistic assessment of seismic hazards in Syria and surrounding regions.
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T waves in Western Mediterranean Sea after the May 21, 2003 Algerian earthquake - Solarino, Stefano; Eva, C. (Annals of geophysics (Print), 2009)
Aim of this paper is to discuss on the T phases generated after the mb 6.5 earthquake that shook Algeria on May 21, 2003. The seismograms, recorded by a cluster of seismic stations located on the coast facing the Ligurian Sea, Northern Italy, some 800 km N-NE from the source, represent a good database able to shed some light on the recognition, propagation and characteristics of these quite uncommon phases. The occurrence and the recording of T phases are in fact due to particular conditions, and require both particular characteristics of the bathymetric slope and the existence of a clear path between the instruments and the earthquakes source: these constraints are exactly realized in the north-western part of the Mediterranean Sea, whose coasts have been affected several times in the past by similar events. The preliminary investigations on the complex recorded seismogram show two different behaviours for stations close the coast and inland. In both cases, two distinct T phases (namely T1 and T2) are observed. In one case they have apparent velocities close to an average SOFAR channel, and are thus the recording of direct T phases. In particular, T1 is probably a precursor due to some scattering, while T2 is the direct T wave. Conversely, the recordings of the stations inland show apparent velocities that suggest back conversion of the original T to P and S waves and a crustal path. The frequency content of the T phases, as derived from the spectral analysis, reveals marked amplitude peaks also in the range 1-3 Hz, conversely to what was proposed by other authors for similar occurrences in other parts of the world. Since the geometry and shape of the SOFAR channel vary, it is highly likely that the spectrum is biased by the water conditions and the frequency content might change in different seas. Finally, the attenuation of the T phase does not depend on the actual distance of the receiver from the source but rather from the backconversion point: the amplitude varies thus with the in-land path and decreases proportionally to x?1.
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A short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya - Suleiman, Ayman; Albini, Paola; Migliavacca, Paola (Annals of geophysics (Print), 2009)
As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.
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Exploring the relationship between time management skills and the academic achievement of African engineering students – a case study - Swart, James; Lombard, Kobus; Jager, Henk (European Journal of Engineering Education, 2009)
Poor academic success by African engineering students is currently experienced in many higher educational institutions, contributing to lower financial subsidies by local governments. One of the contributing factors to this low academic success may be the poor time management skills of these students. This article endeavours to explore this relationship by means of a theoretical literature review and an empirical study. Numerous studies have been conducted in this regard, but with mixed results. The case study of this article involves a design module termed Design Projects III, where the empirical study incorporated an ex post facto study involving a pre-experimental/exploratory design using descriptive statistics. The results of this study were applied to various tests, which indicated no statistically significant relationship between time management skills and the academic achievement of African engineering students.
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Making Social Science Matter?: Case Studies from Community Development and Empowerment Education Research in Rural Ghana and Aboriginal Australia - Tsey, Komla (Asian Social Science, 2009)
Despite potential opportunities offered by exceptional advances in science and technology, we are increasingly polarised from each other.Social inequalities, poverty and deprivation are only a few of the challenges facing most societies.By combining the theoretical perspective of Bent Flyvberg's Making Social Science Matter (2001) and related Perestroika discourse with insights from community development and empowerment research in rural Ghana and Aboriginal Australia, this paper demonstrates a strengths-based approach to social science that builds social capital through enhancing the capacity of individuals and communities to routinely consider ethical questions; where they are going; what can be done to make things better.Focus is on Flyvbjerg's challenge to social scientists to undertake research relevant to challenges and opportunities facing contemporary society.Highlighted is a need for researchers to reflect more explicitly about ways they seek to make their work relevant to people with whom they work.Strengths-based approaches, grounded in relevant ethical values, norms and local histories and traditions, offer one avenue for making social research relevant.
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Contents of new curriculum in scholastic P.E., defines in terms of competences in Benin: Problems in intervention in secondary school - Attiklemé, Kossivi (STAPS. Sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives, 2009)
Résumé Le Bénin s’est engagé depuis 1994 dans une réforme de son système d’enseignement. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser les contenus du nouveau programme d’EPS y résultant et leur adéquation aux réalités du système éducatif. En référence à l’anthropologie didactique de Chevallard (1992), il s’agit de comprendre la nature des objets de savoir de ce programme, et le rapport que les enseignants en ont eu en vue de les enseigner. De l’analyse des résultats, il ressort des contenus dénaturés et difficiles à mettre en œuvre en EPS, car plus théoriques que pratiques. Il ressort également que les enseignants n’enseignent plus en situation de classe réelle, faute : d’existence d’infrastructures adéquates dans les établissements ; de cycle d’enseignement approprié à l’apprentissage (il est réduit à deux séquences de cours par APSA) d’un rapport adéquat à la démarche d’enseignement/apprentissage/évaluation.
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Contents of new curriculum in scholastic P.E., defines in terms of competences in Benin: Problems in intervention in secondary school - Attiklemé, Kossivi (2009)
Le Benin s’est engage depuis 1994 dans une reforme de son systeme d’enseignement. Le but de cette etude est d’analyser les contenus du nouveau programme d’EPS y resultant et leur adequation aux realites du systeme educatif. En reference a l’anthropologie didactique de Chevallard (1992), il s’agit de comprendre la nature des objets de savoir de ce programme, et le rapport que les enseignants en ont eu en vue de les enseigner. De l’analyse des resultats, il ressort des contenus denatures et difficiles a mettre en œuvre en EPS, car plus theoriques que pratiques. Il ressort egalement que les enseignants n’enseignent plus en situation de classe reelle, faute : d’existence d’infrastructures adequates dans les etablissements ; de cycle d’enseignement approprie a l’apprentissage (il est reduit a deux sequences de cours par APSA) d’un rapport adequat a la demarche d’enseignement/apprentissage/evaluation.
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The Impacts of Nigerian Training Programmes on Employees Performance* - Akinyele, S.T. (Research Journal of Business Management, 2009)
The success of any business organization, whether in the private or public sectors,lies mainly in the quality of its hlllllan resources. Literature confirmed that training of manpower is a major prerequisite for any organisation who wants to achieve maximlllll productivity through the efficient and effective performance of employee. Employee can only perform better through the acquisition of skills, knowledge and ability from training programme. This paper attempts to find out whether staff training has any implication in job performance, behaviour, attitudes, skills, knowledge and achievement of the goals of a business organization in Nigeria. The sample size was determined on the basis of three categories of staff namely: general staff, senior staff and management staff. Chi-square was used to test the postulated hypothesis. The study shows that effective training leads to acquisition of skill and knowledge required for employee to perform effectively on the job.It was also revealed that training has a high positive impact on employee and reduces the nature of hazards on the job in the accomplishment of corporate objectives. Finally, the paper made recommendation, which aimed at improving the job performance of staff with regard to training
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Learning from African students - Bartoli, Angie; Kennedy, Sue; Tedam, Prospera (Enhancing the learner experience in higher education, 2009)
In response to the growing numbers of African students on the social work qualifying programme at the University of Northampton, three senior lecturers undertook a small-scale study in 2008 to evaluate African students’ particular learning experiences. This trend of increasing student numbers reflects the national picture as indicated by the General Social Care Council (GSCC, 2009). The African student experience is different and therefore different strategies are needed to ensure that learning and subsequent employability are maximised. The research identified two significant outcomes. The first was the need for a peer support group, which was set up in September 2008. The group named itself PADARE, a Zimbabwean term which means: meeting place. The second was the need for a qualified social worker as a mentor to support the students’ transition from academic learning into work-based learning and practice. This paper will focus mainly on the rationale and potential of these two initiatives from both an educator’s perspective and that of the students themselves drawing on relevant contemporary literature in the areas of Mentoring and Peer support groups.
openalex: W2171926212 mag: 2171926212
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Employment and Education Discrimination against Disabled Persons in Cape Verde - Échevin, Damien (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
This paper assesses the employment and school enrollment gaps between disabled and non-disabled persons using the last Cape Verdean census. The unexplained part of these gaps accounts for most of them, whatever the age group considered. Furthermore, differences in age structures between disabled and non-disabled persons have almost no effect on these gaps. Taking into account potential misclassification errors in the disability variable seems to change only marginally these results. These findings thus suggest that there is scope for programs to better target and promote employment and education of the disabled in Cape Verde.
openalex: W2124581533 mag: 2124581533
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Affirming Love, Avoiding AIDs: What Africa Can Teach the West - Hanley, Matthew; Irala, Jokin de; Green, Edward Crocker (2009)
openalex: W565447110 mag: 565447110
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Teacher Education in Africa and Critical Thinking Skills: Needs and Strategies - Ijaiya, N. Y. S.; Alabi, Abdul G. F.; Fasasi, Y. A. (Research Journal of Business Management, 2009)
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Evaluation of potential changes in hydrologically relevant statistics of rainfall in Southern Africa under conditions of climate change# - Lumsden, TG; Schulze, R. E.; Hewitson, Bruce (Water SA, 2009)
Scenarios of present, intermediate and future climates for Southern Africa were analysed to evaluate potential changes in hydrologically relevant statistics of rainfall that could be observed this century as a result of climate change.These climate scenarios were developed in previous studies by applying empirical downscaling techniques to relatively coarse-scale climate scenarios simulated by general circulation models (GCMs) as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 3 rd and 4 th Assessment Reports (TAR and AR4, respectively).The regional climate scenarios were available at a daily time-step and for a spatial grid resolution of 0.25° over Southern Africa, comprising South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.In the study, the regional climate scenarios were related to the 1946 quaternary catchments in the region since the possible hydrological impacts of climate change will ultimately be assessed explicitly by applying the regional climate scenarios in a daily time-step hydrological model.The analysis of potential changes in hydrologically relevant rainfall statistics was qualitative in nature and focused on determining where convergence exists amongst the different climate models with respect to changes in rainfall, and what the likely hydrological implications would be for the region.According to all of the GCMs evaluated in the study, more rainfall is projected for the east of the region.The greater rainfall projected for the east would be in the form of more rain days and more days with bigger rainfalls.If these scenarios are correct, the combination of wetter antecedent conditions and larger rainfall events would result in more runoff being generated and this would have implications for, inter alia, filling of dams and water quality.According to all of the GCMs evaluated, less rainfall is projected along the west coast and the adjacent interior, with the possibility of a slight increase in inter-annual variability.If correct, this would result in a decrease in flows and an increase in flow variability, since changes in precipitation are amplified in the hydrological cycle.As convergence in climate-change scenarios becomes apparent, there is now an arguable basis for developing appropriate response strategies for incorporation into adaptation policy.Perhaps one of the greatest challenges in this regard is now to explore the issues of uncertainty and probability in order to develop a more rigorous basis to enable proactive responses.
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Obesity-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in Tunisian women - Miâdi-Messaoud, H; Chouchane, Asma; Abderrazek, E.; Debbabi, Haythem; Zaouali-Ajina, M.; Tabka, Zouhaïr; Ben‐Jebria, Abdellaziz (International Journal of Obesity, 2009)
It is now well recognized that obesity is a major public health concern, and its prevalence has tremendously increased worldwide over the last decades, including Tunisia. As obesity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on forearm skin blood flow (FSBF) response to acetylcholine (Ach), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, in Tunisian women over a wide range of body mass indices (BMIs).One hundred and eighty healthy women with an average age of 34+/-6 years, an average height of 162+/-7 cm and an average weight of 78+/-19 kg participated in this investigation. The mean BMIs of the 60 lean, 50 overweight and 70 obese subjects were 22.1+/-0.3, 27.7+/-0.2 and 38.4+/-0.7 kg m(-2), respectively.The FSBF was measured non-invasively using a laser Doppler flowmeter in response to local infusion of a cumulative dose of Ach.After adjusting for age, the mean response of FSBF to Ach was significantly greater in lean (1168%+/-78) than in overweight (643%+/-38) and obese subjects (323%+/-18) (P=0.002; P<0.0001, respectively), suggesting a reduction of the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) release by obesity. Our regression analysis also revealed that the maximum FSBF response to Ach (that is, its efficacy) was inversely correlated with BMI, waist and hip circumferences (r=-0.994, P=0.002; r=-0.2, P<0.0001, and r=-0.321, P=0.001, respectively).Our data demonstrate a reduction of skin vasodilatory reserve in obese patients and suggest a defect of both endothelial-dependent relaxation and wall compliance associated with obesity.
openalex: W2022118911 mag: 2022118911
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South African university student knowledge of eye protection against sunlight - Oduntan, Olalekan A.; Carelson, A.; Clarke-Farr, Peter C.; Hansraj, Rekha (African vision and eye health (Online), 2009)
Exposure to sunlight has been associated with several ocular conditions such as cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and conjunctival neoplasm. Knowledge of protective modalities and good behavioural practice involving eye protection is essential to prevent adverse effects of sunlight. The purpose of this study was to establish knowledge amongst randomly selected university students in South Africa, of prevention modalities against the adverse effects of sunlight. A questionnaire relating to the knowledge of preventive modalities was completed by randomly selected students from four universities selected by convenience sampling. Questionnaires completed by one thousand, eighthundred and thirty two (N =1832) subjects were analysed with descriptive statistics using Stata version 10. The participants’ ages ranged from 17 to 55 years (mean = 21.03 ± 3.4 years). They included 43.7% males and 56.3% females. They were 68.3% Blacks, 20.0% Whites, 3.4% Indians and 7.4% Coloureds. Many (82.3%) of them knew that excessive exposure to sunlight can adversely affect the eyes. Only 28.5% reported that they often wore sunglasses outdoors. Only 38.5% of the participants knew that not all spectacles or contact lenses could protect eyes from ultraviolet radiation. However, many, 87.7% and 69.5% respectively knew that sunglasses and spectacles could be specifically designed to block UVR from entering the eye. Just over half (52.7%) knew that contact lenses can be specifically designed to block the UVR. Many, (68.4%) agreed that wearing hats with brims could protect the eyes against harmful radiation from the sun and the majority, 95.8% agreed that there was a need for awareness campaigns about the effects of the sun on the eye and against excessive exposure. Female respondents had more knowledge of preventive modalities than the males. Knowledge of preventive modalities among the respondents varied significantly with the type of questions and was poor for certain questions. This suggests a need for an eye protection awareness campaign amongst the general population in South Africa, about the possible adverse effects of sunlight on the eye and appropriate protective practices.
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The Obstacles to the Learning in Health, Hygiene and Nutrition: Situation in some Literacy Centres in Burkina Faso - Traoré-Palé, C. (Asian journal of applied sciences, 2009)
openalex: W1967967491 mag: 1967967491
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HIV/AIDS Prevention Education: Developing Culturally Competent Programs for African Americans - Ardley, Jillian; Sileo, Thomas W. (Journal of Hiv/aids & Social Services, 2009)
African Americans comprise one of the nation's largest ethnic communities. They also account for the highest number of HIV infection and AIDS cases among children, youth, and young adults across all racial, ethnic, and cultural populations. The purpose of this exploratory theory-based article is to discuss the extent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the African American community, variables that contribute to HIV/AIDS among African Americans, and culturally relevant program designs and instructional strategies that support African Americans' prevention needs and at the same time respect their cultural and family values.
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Researching the Pedagogies of Sexualities in South African Higher Education - Bennett, Jane; Reddy, Vasu (International Journal of Sexual Health, 2009)
ABSTRACT The article explores the approaches taken by South African institutions of higher education to the teaching of sexualities and gender. In a national context in which issues of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, legal reforms around reproductive and sexual rights, and critical discussions around the meanings of culture and sexuality abound, one might expect that tertiary education would introduce young men and women to some of the key global debates on sexualities, democracy, and the body. Preliminary research was undertaken to ascertain the extent to which young men and women in higher education had access to such debates, and to explore the range of disciplinary and conceptual approaches taken to “teaching sexualities.” The research suggests that questions of sexualities remain largely embedded in segregated disciplines, between which there is minimal communication and where biomedical models of the body dominate all other explorations of sexual and reproductive issues. The researchers conclude that there is much work to be done to create pedagogies of sexualities in higher education in South Africa that are capable of offering young men and women access to the theories, research methodologies, and knowledge needed to tackle questions of sexual and reproductive health and rights at all levels.
openalex: W1986968491 mag: 1986968491
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Comparison of enumeration techniques for the investigation of bacterial pollution in the Berg River, Western Cape, South Africa - Paulse, A.N.; Jackson, VA; Khan, Wesaal (Water S.A., 2009)
The study was aimed at assessing techniques, which would provide an accurate indication of the planktonic bacterial pollution load in the Berg River, Western Cape, South Africa.Sampling of sites started in June 2004 and continued for a period of 1 year until June 2005.The most probable number (MPN) technique was used to determine the level of faecal coliforms and E. coli, while the heterotrophic plate count method was used to determine the amount of culturable microorganisms in planktonic samples.The flow cytometry (FCM) and direct acridine orange count (DAOC) (epifluorescence microscopy) techniques were employed to evaluate total bacterial counts in planktonic (water) samples.The highest MPN and heterotrophic plate counts were recorded in Week 37 at site B2 at 1.7 x 10 7 micro-organisms/100 mℓ and 1.04 x 10 6 microorganisms/mℓ, respectively.In comparison, the viable FCM counts, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for that period at 1.7 x 10 7 micro-organisms/mℓ.The highest total FCM count of 3.7 x 10 7 micro-organisms/mℓ was recorded in Week 41 at Site B2.In comparison the highest DAOC of 8.3 x 10 6 micro-organisms/mℓ was obtained in Week 29 at Site B2. Results showed that on average the heterotrophic plate count represented a fraction (< 3.65%) of the total FCM counts.The total DAOC count also represented a fraction (< 43.08%) of the total FCM count for most of the sampling period.Results therefore showed that the FCM proved to be more effective in evaluating microbial pollution in water samples.
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"A Spirit of Service:" Conceptualizing Service in Learning through the Preparation for Social Action (PSA) Program in Uganda - VanderDussen, Elena (2009)
This research explores implications of service in learning for social change through an investigation of the Preparation for Social Action (PSA) Program in Uganda against the backdrop of the literature on service learning. Employing critical pedagogy as a theoretical framework, I approach questions regarding the conceptualization of self and society in service as a relational process, the conceptualization of service as praxis, and the conceptualization of social change within an orientation towards service. Through this analysis I present a case for conceptualizing service in learning within a dialogical framework oriented towards change.%%%%MAST
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The Effect of Accounting Education on the Ethical Perceptions of Nigerian Universities’ Final Year Accounting Students. - Tairu, Odugbo Zakari (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
This thesis provides an evaluation of the ethical perception of Nigerian accounting final year students. The purpose is to determine whether accounting education in Nigerian’ Universities impacts positively on the ethical perception of accounting Finalists to ethical dilemmas. Survey research design was adopted and stratified random sampling was used to obtain data from 260 final year accounting students of six selected Nigerian’s universities from six different geo – political regions. The Data obtained were analyzed using the Z-test statistical tool. Findings of the study revealed that final year accounting students showed higher sensitivity to ethical issues than the first year students. These results suggest that accounting education in Nigerian universities may be providing positive impact on the ethical perception of the students. The results also revealed no differences between the female and male final year accounting students in their ethical perception. The study recommended the need for more Ethics coverage in every university and school of high learning in Nigeria and more ethical exposure in business/accounting practices to help students distinguish ethical from unethical decisions, the ethical responsibilities of organizations to the market they are serving cum the society at large and their individual ethical leadership responsibilities as future managers of organisations.
openalex: W1884251412 mag: 1884251412
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How much is not enough? A community randomized trial of a Water and Health Education programme for Trachoma and Ocular C. trachomatis infection in Niger - Amza, Abdou; Muñoz, Beatriz; Nassirou, Baido; Kadri, Boubacar; Moussa, Fati; Baarè, Ibrahim; Riverson, Joseph; Opong, Emmanuel; West, Sheila K. (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2009)
Summaryen Objective To determine the impact after 2 years of a water and health education (W/HE) programme on ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and trachoma. Methods We randomized 12 trachoma-endemic communities in Maradi, Niger 1:1 to W/HE intervention and control arms and collected data on 10 of the 12 villages. In the intervention villages, at least one clean water well was constructed, and a 3 month, modest health education programme was provided immediately prior to the 2 year survey. We censused all households, and 557 children ages 1–5 years were randomly selected as sentinel children and examined at baseline and at one and 2 years from baseline. Trachoma was clinically assessed and a swab taken and analyzed for C. trachomatis. Tetracycline eye ointment was provided to all children in either arm during the surveys who had signs of trachoma. Results Infection with C. trachomatis declined slightly, and not significantly, in the children in the control villages over the 2 years, from 15% to 11%. The decline in infection was more pronounced, and significant, in the children in the intervention villages, from 26% to 15%. However, the change in infection rates in the intervention villages was not significantly different from the change in infection rates in the control villages (P = 0.39, and 0.11 for change from baseline to 1 year and 2 year, respectively). There was also no difference in the change in overall trachoma rates between the two arms. Conclusion These data suggest that the provision of water plus a modest health education programme did not result in a significant difference in trachoma or ocular C. trachomatis infection in endemic communities in Niger. A more substantial health education intervention is likely necessary to produce change.
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Agriculture production’s sensitivity to changes in climate in South Africa - Blignaut, James Nelson; Ueckermann, Liza; Aronson, James (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
This study focused on the impact of changes in climatic conditions on agriculture: it is motivated by the fact that agriculture is the mainstay of rural economies in South Africa, and indeed throughout much of Africa.Agriculture's importance cannot be overemphasised from a food security perspective, or from its vital role in assisting the country to enhance and maintain political stability through successful land reform.Understanding changes in agriculture already taking place, or likely to take place in the near future, in response to climate change is therefore of utmost importance.To map the historic changes in rainfall and temperature with changes in agriculture production in South Africa we were constrained to using existing provincial data, rather than biome-level data, which would have been preferable, but were unavailable.In addition, we had to limit ourselves to the period for which relevant data were available, i.e. from 1970 onwards.This of course affects the predictive powers of the models.Notwithstanding these limitations, some valuable insights were gained as to the relationships, and the challenges ahead, concerning the links between climate and agriculture.We first consider recent changes in climatic conditions in South Africa's nine provinces, and then discuss the use of water based on a panel data econometric analysis of the relationship between rainfall and various components of agricultural production.We conclude with an assessment of the impact of rainfall specifically on field crops, as they are most likely to be adversely affected by sudden or gradual changes in climatic conditions. Changes in climatic conditions2][3] While the impact of climate change is felt by farmers predominantly through changes in the timing, frequency and intensity of rainfall events, and in the distribution of these events within a season of growth, most macroeconomic and agricultural production data are only available as annual averages.Yet annual numbers and averages for level of, or changes in, temperature and rainfall do not provide an adequate indication of the impact of such variations from the mean on a specific farm.Given this limitation, it should be noted that this study was not an investigation into climate change per se, even though we did analyse and discuss the data used in determining the impact of changes in climate on agriculture.A further limiting factor is that, when dealing with annual numbers, one is strictly speaking not dealing with drought as defined by McKee, 4 who indicated that a drought occurs when the Standardised Precipitation Index over 12 months is continuously negative and reaches a value of -1 or less.We therefore did not consider the impact of individual drought events on agriculture, but rather the gradual drying trend on agricultural production as a whole.Our aim was to analyse the available data to examine whether changes in the variance from the mean for rainfall and temperature had indeed occurred. Materials and methodsTo address the broad-scale impact of climate change on agriculture, we considered rainfall and temperature data from 1970 to the present for South Africa's nine provinces.For rainfall (in mm), the annual sum of the provincial monthly average was used (Appendix 1 online).The data received were, in all cases, provided in a ready-to-use format and were not manipulated in any way.The temperature data (Appendix 2 online) consist of the annual averages of the daily maximum temperatures, in either two or three towns or cities per province.In general, daily minimum temperatures are considered a better indicator of climate change per se, but here we use daily maximum temperatures since it is these changes that are likely to have an impact on agriculture production in South Africa.The data received consisted of monthly averages of the daily maxima and, from these, we computed the annual averages.First, the nine provinces of South Africa were clustered together in four broad climatic areas in terms of their average rainfall and temperature data (Table 1).Thereafter, we calculated the changes in the average rainfall and temperature, and the changes in the variance from the mean and the covariance (Table 2).This summary contains the results for the nine provinces for the periods 1970-1979 and 1997-2006, as well as 1970-1989 and 1990-2006.The data set was split into these four separate time periods to ascertain whether there are distinct differences between
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When to stay, when to go: trade-offs for southern African arid-zone birds in times of drought - Dean, W.R.J.; Barnard, P.; Anderson, M.D. (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
Arid environments remind one of the punctuated equilibriumtheory of evolution: they experience long periods of stasis and low productivity, interrupted with episodic rainfall which spurs reproduction and movement. Birds, as highly dispersive organisms, are among the most dramatic indicators of these fluctuations. Here we review birds' two main strategies, residency and nomadism, and the trade-offs faced by individuals in uncertain times. In general, wet years stimulate higher densities of nests (i.e. smaller territories), larger clutch sizes, unseasonal breeding, and at some times of year, higher breeding success. Rainfall above a certain threshold triggers breeding in resident species and an influx of nomadic species which breed and then move on. The environmental cues which trigger nomadism are sometimes poorly understood, but include distant thunderstorms for aquatic species, and perhaps for insectivores. Environmental cues that draw nomadic granivores to areas that have had recent rain are not known.
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Drought, climate change and vegetation response in the succulent karoo, South Africa - Hoffman, Margaret; Carrick, Peter J.; Gillson, Lindsey; West, Adam G. (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
For the winter-rainfall region of South Africa, the frequency of drought is predicted to increase over the next 100 years, with dire consequences for the vegetation of this biodiversity hotspot. We analysed historical 20th century rainfall records for six rainfall stations within the succulent karoo biome to determine if the signal of increasing drought frequency is already apparent, and whether mean annual rainfall is decreasing. We found no evidence for a decrease either in mean annual rainfall or in the incidence of drought, as measured by the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) over the 20th century. Evidence points to a drying trend from 1900 - 1950 while no significant trend in rainfall and drought was found at most stations from 1951 - 2000. In a second analysis we synthesised the information concerning the response of adult succulent karoo biome plants and seedlings to extended drought conditions. General findings are that responses to drought differ between species, and that longevity is an important life history trait related to drought survival. Growth form is a poor predictor of drought response across the biome. There was a range of responses to drought among adult plants of various growth forms, and among non-succulent seedlings. Leaf-succulent seedlings, however, exhibited phenomenal drought resistance, the majority surviving drought long after all the experimentally comparative non-succulent seedlings had died. Our synthesis showed that previous studies on the impact of drought on succulent karoo biome plants differ greatly in terms of their location, sampling design, measured values and plant responses. A suite of coordinated long-term field observations, experiments and models are therefore needed to assess the response of succulent karoo biome species to key drought events as they occur over time and to integrate this information into conservation planning.
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Assessment of pollution in sewage ponds using biomarker responses in wild African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Tanzania - Mdegela, Robinson H.; Braathen, Marte; Mosha, Resto D.; Skaare, Janneche Utne; Sandvik, Morten (Ecotoxicology, 2009)
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T. Schlüter 2008. Geological Atlas of Africa, with Notes on Stratigraphy, Tectonics, Economic Geology, Geohazards, Geosites and Geoscientific Education of Each Country, 2nd ed. xi + 307 pp. + CD-ROM. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. Price Euros 169.95, SFr 282.50, US $249.00, £134.50 (hard covers). ISBN 9783 540 76324 6. - Meinhold, Guido (Geological Magazine, 2009)
T. Schlüter 2008. Geological Atlas of Africa, with Notes on Stratigraphy, Tectonics, Economic Geology, Geohazards, Geosites and Geoscientific Education of Each Country, 2nd ed. xi + 307 pp. + CD-ROM. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag. Price Euros 169.95, SFr 282.50, US $249.00, £134.50 (hard covers). ISBN 9783 540 76324 6. - Volume 147 Issue 2
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Human response and adaptation to drought in the arid zone: lessons from southern Africa - O’Farrell, Patrick J.; Anderson, Pml; Milton, Suzanne J.; Dean, W. R. J. (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
Human adaptation and response to drought is primarily through evasion or endurance. A review of historical agricultural practices in southern Africa demonstrates evidence of drought evasion response strategies in well-established transhumance routes, where herders move livestock on a seasonal basis in order to exploit resources subject to different climatic regimes. European settlers to the arid regions of South Africa quickly recognised the necessity of these evasion options to survive drought, and adopted the transhumance practices of indigenous farmers. Areas of geographically diverse resource bases became hotly contested by settlers and indigenous farmers. The success of evasion systems are shown to hinge on good social and institutional support structures. When movement is not an option, drought endurance is pursued by attempting to limit the damage to the natural resource base. This is through a number of means such as forage conservation, varying livestock types and numbers, water and soil conservation and taking up alternative livelihood options. State responses to drought over the last century reflect the general South African pattern of racially divided and unjust policies relating to resource access. Historically the state provided considerable support to white commercial farmers. This support was frequently contradictory in its aims and generally was inadequate to enable farmers to cope with drought. Since the advent of democracy in 1994, the state has intervened less, with some support extended to previously disadvantaged and poor communal farmers. Climate change predictions suggest an increase in drought, suggesting that the adoption of mitigating strategies should be a matter of urgency. To do this South Africa needs to build social and institutional capacity, strive for better economic and environmental sustainability, embed drought-coping mechanisms into land restitution policy to ensure the success of this programme, and acknowledge the diversity of the agricultural sector.
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African American Males’ Student Engagement: A Comparison of Good Practices by Institutional Type - Strayhorn, Terrell L.; DeVita, James (Journal of African American Studies, 2009)
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Teach Freedom: Education for Liberation in the African American Tradition by C. Payne & C. S. Strickland - Williams, Brian A. (International Journal of Multicultural Education, 2009)
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An assessment of the dietary fiber intake of selected students in the university of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria - Adegoke, OA; Fadupin, GT; Ketiku, A. O. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2009)
It is recognized that adequate intake of dietary fiber tends to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, colon cancer and heart disease.This study was carried out to assess the adequacy of dietary fiber intake of 12 male and 12 female volunteer undergraduates of Ibadan University.Food consumption survey was by the direct weighing method for three days.Representative samples of the diets were analysed for moisture and fiber content using the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).The study showed that the dietary fiber intake of the students was adequate.Dietary fiber intake of female students (40.5 = 8.5g/day) was significantly lower than the intake (54.2+13.7g/day) of the male students (P<0.05).Cereal based foods contributed the highest (58.2%) while fruits and vegetables contributed the least (9.7%) amount of fiber in the students' diets.Intake of fiber from vegetables and fruits by students should be encouraged.
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Retrospective analysis of a school-based malaria treatment programme demonstrates a positive impact on health and education outcomes in Mangochi district, Malawi - Simwaka, Bertha Nhlema; Simwaka, Kisukyabo; Bello, George (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2009)
This report presents a retrospective evaluation of the school-based malaria treatment programme implemented in Mangochi district, Malawi. The teachers were trained to identify and treat children suffering from malaria. The evaluation was undertaken using the school administrative records. The intervention and comparison schools were matched using propensity score matching. The impact was assessed using generalised linear modelling of family Poisson and also Kaplan–Meier for survival analysis. The results showed significant reductions in general absenteeism and grade repetition by students. Treating the cost-savings arising from the reduced rate of repetition as the benefits of the programme, the study showed that benefits far outweighed costs.
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Catheter associated urinary tract infection: Aetiologic agents and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria - Taiwo, SS; Aderounmu, A O A (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2009)
The objective of this study was to identify microbial pathogens associated with bacteriuria and UTI in patients with indwelling urethral catheters and determine their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobial agents in our institution.Catheter urine and catheter tip specimens of all the patients were analyzed by microscopy and culture on Blood, MacConkey and CLED agar plates.Pure colonies of isolated organism were biochemically characterized and disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility was performed on each bacterial isolate.The commonest indication for catheterization is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, 62.3%).One hundred and eight patients (88.5%) were urine culture positive for microbial pathogens with 126 microbial isolates while 14 (11.5%) were bacteriologically sterile.Ninety two of those positive (85.1%) each had one organism recovered, 14 (13.0%) had two organisms recovered and 2 (1.9%) had 3 organisms recovered.Klebsiella spp were the commonest pathogen isolated with 46 (36.6%), followed by Pseudomonas spp 34 (27.0%),Escherichia coli 26 (20.6%),Staphylococcus aureus 12 (9.5%),Proteus mirabilis 4 (3.2%),Candida albicans 4 (3.2%) and coagulase negative staphylococci 2 (1.6%).The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Gram negative organisms showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (90.9%), tetracycline (89.1%), cotrimoxazole (87.3%), cefuroxime (81.1%), nalidixic acid (87.3%), nitrofurantoin (67.3%), colistin (63.7%), perfloxacin (65.5%) and ciprofloxacin (56.4%).Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also resistant to penicillin (100%), gentamicin (100%), cotrimoxazole (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), cloxacillin (83.3%), tetracycline (83.3%), erythromycin (66.7%) and cefuroxime (66.7%).Only perfloxacin (66.7% sensitivity) and ciprofloxacin (83.3% sensitivity) appear effective.We conclude that catheter-associated UTI in our institution is caused by multi-resistant microbial pathogens which has occurred consequent on prophylactic antibiotic therapy administered after catheterization.Emphasis should be placed on good catheter management rather than the use of prophylaxis, to reduce the incidence of catheter associated UTI.
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Climate change scenarios and the development of adaptation strategies in Africa: challenges and opportunities - Ziervogel, Gina; Zermoglio, Fernanda (Climate research, 2009)
Climate change is expected to intensify existing problems and create new combinations of risks, particularly in Africa, where there is widespread poverty and dependence on the natural environment.Accordingly, there is a growing need for proactive adaptation to climate change risks.In order to achieve this, the requisite competence needs to be developed on the use and interpretation of climate information to support informed decisions.The present paper assesses the extent to which climate change scenarios are currently used in developing adaptation strategies within the agricultural development sector, with a focus on Africa.The data, based on interviews with practitioners and donors working in the climate change field in Africa, suggest that although annual climate information (such as seasonal climate forecasts) is used to a certain extent to inform and support some decisions, climate change scenarios are rarely used at present in agricultural development.However, respondents suggest a number of ways to improve the application of climate change science in these endeavors; these include strengthening technical skills for downscaling climate models, as well as using scenario outputs to develop and prioritize robust locally relevant adaptation strategies to provide examples of 'good' adaptation practice.Improved understanding, packaging, and communication of climate scenarios are required between scientists, practitioners, policymakers and civil society, both within areas in the global south as well as between the global south and north.In addition, we argue that a paradigmatic shift is required from supply-driven activities to a userfocused approach that addresses decision makers' needs for climate change data.Such a shift would focus on generating the information required to provide actionable suggestions to formulate viable adaptation policies and reduce the negative consequences of climate change, particularly for Africa's most vulnerable groups.
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Using the Internet to support Libyan in-service EFL teachers' professional development - Elmabruk, Reda (2009)
Libyan in-service teachers of English with poor INSET provision and low-resourced school environments stand to gain a great deal from Internet-based Continuing Professional Development (I-CPD). The aim of this exploratory and descriptive study was threefold: first, to understand current practices and conditions pertaining to CPD provision for Libyan teachers; second, to explore the potential of Internet-based CPD for Libyan teachers through a bottom-up informal approach; third, to develop an I-CPD model appropriate for the Libyan context. A mixed-method interventionist case study approach formed the methodological framework of the research. Fact Finding (Phase 1) was carried out to scout the field using a teachers' questionnaire and semi-structured interviews at six language schools in Tripoli. In the Case Study (Phase 2) a typical language institution with in-house Internet access was selected to deliver a progressive intervention course designed to meet the needs of teachers in low-resourced school contexts, but with access to public Internet cafes. Eight case teachers were engaged in problem-based learning to enhance their Internet skills, then using instructional, peer and task support teachers were engaged in blended learning via a web-based Yahoo Group. A ten-week long Extended Case Study (Phase 3) merged Case members from Phase 2 with other teachers from Libya and the UK, forming a larger online group (60 participants) facilitated by a web-hosted Virtual Learning Environment (Merlin). The Fact Finding phase revealed an overall intermediate level in Internet skills and encouraging attitudes towards I-CPD. A more organised petroleum sector emerged, where professional development was assigned higher priority than in the public or private sectors. The Case Study data showed moderate teacher participation in blended learning while task responses reflected minimum engagement with tasks, and little critical reflection. The low response in the Extended Case Study phase prompted attention to the possible causes of low online participation. In addition to generic barriers to asynchronous online learning, such as lurking and the lack of time, underlying context-specific causes have emerged which point to what is termed intellectual-error phobia (ie-phobia) within unbonded groups: while teachers readily participated in low-level tasks, when faced with high-order group-based tasks, they admitted fear of posting trivial responses that were archived and perhaps criticised by other teachers. To minimise ie-phobia and encourage online interaction, a blended multi-dimensional support model is proposed in which f2f orientation and social cohesion precede Internet-based learning that adopts progressive online activities, thus gradually fostering teacher independence and promoting sustainable I-CPD that is holistic and optimised.
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Seroevidence Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection In Infertile Male And Its Association With Semen Quality In University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria - Ibadin, KO; Enabulele, OI; Eghafona, N. O.; Osemwenkha, AP (The Resident doctor, 2009)
Given the lack of information concerning the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in male infertility, it has become imperative to analyse the quality of semen of male with seroevidence of antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis infection.A total of 156 male patients attending the Human Reproduction Research Programme/ Invitro Fertililzation Centre of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City, Edo state were enrolled into this study.Standard semen analysis and serological investigation of Chlamydia trachomatis were done for each male patient according to the laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases of WHO (1999).Chlamydia trachomatis antibody was found to be Seropositive in 37(24%) male patients.Standard semen analysis showed abnormality in the various semen parameters of the seropositive male patients.The Seminal fluid analysis of the Seropositive male patients had total average mean sperm morphology of 11.0% (normal), total sperm count (10.0×10 6 ) ml, motility (11.0%) vitality (17.0%) (live) and leucocyte count 1.5×10 6 ml lower than the average mean sperm morphology of 28.0%, vitality 63%, total sperm count (30.5×10 6 ml), motility (61.0%) and leucocyte count (0.5×10 6 ml) of the 28 age-matched male subject used as control (P<0.05).This study indicates that Chlamydia trachomatis may be an independent risk factor affecting semen quality of male and consequently infertility.
openalex: W2079861629 mag: 2079861629
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Drought frequency in the Volta Basin of West Africa - Kasei, Raymond Abudu; Diekkrüger, Bernd; Leemhuis, Constanze (Sustainability Science, 2009)
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Oral Health Profile Of Primary And Post -Primary School Children At A Health Facility In Uselu, Benin-City - Odai, CD; Azodo, CC; Braimoh, OM; Obuekwe, ON (The Resident doctor, 2009)
Objective: To investigate the oral health profile of otherwise healthy primary and post -primary school children in Uselu, Benin-city.Methodology: All consecutive primary and post-primary school children accompanying siblings and/or friends to access dental care at Mount Gilead hospital, Uselu between June 1, 2008 and May 31, 2009 and for who consents were obtained from parents or guardians on their behalf were recruited.Age, sex, and the gingival index were noted for these children.The Gingival Index was used to assess the severity and prevalence of gingivitis by examining the qualitative changes (that is, severity of the lesion) of the gingival soft tissue and scored on a four point scale 0-3, as follows: 0= No inflammation.1= Mild inflammation 2= Moderate inflammation 3 = Severe inflammation Results: A total of 340 children were assessed, with a male to female ratio of 3:2 (That is 204 males and 136 females).Three ( 0.9%) had no gingivitis, 35(10.29%)had mild gingivitis, 110 (32.35%) had moderate gingivitis and 192 (56.47%) had severe gingivitis.Conclusion: The oral health profile of these children is poor and unacceptable.In line with the millennium development goals, appropriate agencies should liaise with the right professionals to achieve the desired goals.Recommendations: Massive oral health campaign.
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Transitions to Substance Use and Sexual Intercourse Among South African High School Students - Palen, Lori Ann; Smith, Edward A.; Caldwell, Linda L.; Mathews, Catherine; Vergnani, Tania (Substance Use & Misuse, 2009)
This study examined longitudinal patterns of initiating substance use and sexual intercourse among a sample of 1,143 high school students from a low-income township in Cape Town, South Africa. Longitudinal data on lifetime incidence of sexual intercourse and alcohol and marijuana use were collected semiannually from 2004 to 2006. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to test competing models of transitions to these behaviors. Participants were more likely to move from no risk behavior to substance use, rather than from no risk behavior to sexual intercourse. At all time points, the proportion of youth who had engaged in sexual intercourse but not substance use was very small. The study's limitations and directions for future research are discussed. This research was funded by NIH Grants R01 DA01749 and T32 DA017629-01A1.
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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Out of Africa and into an ice age: on the role of global climate change in the late Pleistocene migration of early modern humans out of Africa. - Brook, Barry W.; Traill, Lochran W. (2009)
Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Out of Africa and into an ice age: on the role of global climate change in the late Pleistocene migration of early modern humans out of Africa.
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The Next Twenty-five Years: Affirmative Action in Higher Education in the United States and South Africa - Featherman, David L.; Krislov, Marvin; Hall, Martin (2009)
This book is a must-read for anyone who cares about the future of higher education in diverse democracies. A penetrating exploration of affirmative action's continued place in 21st-century higher education, The Next Twenty-five Years assembles the viewpoints of some of the most influential scholars, educators, university leaders, and public officials. Its comparative essays range the political spectrum and debates in two nations to survey the legal, political, social, economic, and moral dimensions of affirmative action and its role in helping higher education contribute to a just, equitable, and vital society.
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‘What you see is what you get’: Service quality, students’ perceptions and satisfaction at South African universities - Gbadamosi, Gbolahan; Jager, Johan de (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
Tertiary institutions play a major role in providing relevant education that best meets the needs of the various constituencies served; and an assessment of factors that influence students’ choices and satisfaction is thus useful. This article examines the gap between students’ perceived experience and the importance they hold of service delivery, and attempts to identify possible predictors of overall satisfaction with their university. Survey data was obtained from 391 students from two Universities of Technology in South Africa. A major finding revealed that students’ perceived experience of service delivery is significantly lower than what they considered important in their universities. Perceptions of readiness for change, intention to leave, trust in management and support, living arrangements (accommodation) and academic performance emerged as significant predictors of students’ overall satisfaction with the university, explaining up to 30 per cent of its variance. Practical implications, limitations and suggestions for future studieswere articulated.
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Mentor development in higher education in Botswana: How important is reflective practice? - Geber, Hilary; Nyanjom, Julia Akumu (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
Mentor development in higher education in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Botswana is explored in this article. Changes in education policy require mentors to engage in individual as well as organisational change and transformation. Most studies focus on mentee development and the resulting organisational change but there is very little research into mentor development and its effects. Mentors can develop their mentoring abilities through reflective practice and an overt transformational approach to mentoring. An action research methodology was used for a framework of cycles used in the data collection from face-to-face conversations, reflective journals and focus group interviews. The findings indicate that reflective practice contributed effectively to mentor learning and development and improved mentoring ability. This study is important for its insight into the sparsely researched area of mentor development and its contribution to organisational change and transformation.
openalex: W2132894493 mag: 2132894493
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Intestinal helminth parasites in school children in Iragbiji, boripe local government, Osun state, Nigeria. - Ijagbone, I.F; Olagunju, T. F. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2009)
A survey of intestinal helminth parasites among school pupils was undertaken in five primary schools in Iragbiji Local Government of Osun State, South western Nigeria between April and June 2002.A total of five hundred and thirty-three faecal samples were randomly collected from pupils of both sexes whose ages ranged from six to seventeen years old.Using the direct and egg floatation techniques to process the faeces, 402 (72.0%) of the samples were found positive for various intestinal helminths with Ascaris lumbricoide accounting for 46.0%;Ancylostoma spp (Hookworm) 20.5%; Strongyloides stercolalis 0.6%; Fasciola hepatica 0.6%, Trichuris trichuria 0.2%; and mixed infections of Ascaris and Hookworm 1.9%.Sex and age factors did not affect the pattern of infection since the parasites were found in both sexes and all age groups but with varying degrees.Infections were detected in all the schools investigated with one particular school recording infection rate of 100%.The study shows that school pupils carry heavy intestinal parasite burden, which is an index of the prevailing unhygienic environment.
openalex: W2082924341 mag: 2082924341
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Where and How Can Participatory Forest Management Succeed? Learning From Tanzania, Mozambique, and Laos - Mustalahti, Irmeli; Lund, Jens Friis (Society & Natural Resources, 2009)
This article deals with participatory forest management (PFM) in Tanzania, Mozambique, and Laos, focusing on the degree to which the legislation supports local communities' security of rights to the forest resources and access to resource benefits, as well as the degree to which the legislation is implemented. The findings are that local communities' security of rights and access to benefits differ markedly among the three countries, whereas there is a striking similarity in the absence of efforts to implement PFM, in particular in areas with valuable timber resources. The underlying reasons for the differences are poor institutional setups and conflicting economic interests at various levels. We argue that the approach to support PFM should acknowledge differences between countries and areas, and that, under all conditions, assistance to communities in building advocacy organizations that can assert their legal rights and demand commitment of national governments is a fundamental prerequisite for success.
openalex: W2021862370 mag: 2021862370
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Prevalence of obesity among undergraduate students, living in halls of residence, University of Nigeria, Nsukka campus, Enugu state - Onyechi, Uchenna Agatha; Okolo, Adaeze Christiana (Animal Research International, 2009)
A study of the prevalence of obesity among undergraduate students was conducted at University ofNigeria Nsukka campus, Enugu, State, in the South Eastern partof Nigeria. A tota of 620 male andfemale students were randomly selected for the study. A structured and validated questionnaire and anthropometry were used for data collection. The study elicited information on the sex distribution of the subjects who were obese, their marital status, dietary pattern, activity pattern and their health status. Information obtained was analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, means and cross tabulation. The result revealed that 21% of the participants were obese, (8.1% are males and 13.1% are females). Most of the participants who were obese were unmarried, a total of 934% of the of the study population. The result of the eating pattern showedthat 406% of the subjects purchased their foods from eating houses within the campus, 466% cooked their meals with foods brought fom their homes; 28.2% and 26.7% consumed fruits and vegetables daily respectively. Food choice was based on taste of the food, cultural demands and easy to prepare foods. Information on the activity level showed that 85.5% of the obese subjects occasionally engaged in physical activity. Assessment of the heath status indicate that 61% had cardiovascular disease; 23% were diabetics, 3.8% had gall bladder disease and 51% had other illness like ulcer, irregular menstruation, fever and stomach ach.Keywords: Obesity, Prevalence, University undergraduate students
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Image and academic expectations of different levels of university students: A South African case - Tait, Mary; Jager, Johan de (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
Over the past decade the educational environment has not only become more competitive but also more commercialised. These trends have contributed to the introduction of service quality measurement at higher education institutions. Traditionally institutions assume that students have relatively homogeneous needs and expectations and the result is the provision of uniform services. Over time this approach has been questioned, particularly arguing that perceptions of services and service expectations do change over time. This is even more prominent where entry-level students are required to adapt to service systems and standards and senior students have a better and more realistic understanding of the actual environment within which service delivery takes place. Ultimately this exposure impacts on student expectations of service.The aim of this article is to investigate the expectations of entry level and senior students regarding specific attributes of tertiary institutions. Challenges in the higher education sector and the marketing aspects thereof, with specific reference to the service quality associated with the image and marketing and academic related issues, are reviewed. The data represents these two student groups in a South African university setting and considers the extent to which these elements are viewed differently. Findings indicate that academic rigour is the most important factor with regard to image and marketing aspects. Likewise, with regard to academic importance, approachable staff, class fees and the range of modules offered are being perceived as most important.
openalex: W1989099021 mag: 1989099021
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Time-clustering behavior in the sequence of the aftershocks of the Al-Hoceima (Morocco) 24 February 2004 earthquake - Telesca, Luciano; Rouai, Mohamed; Cherkaoui, Taj-Eddine (Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2009)
Abstract. The time dynamics of the aftershock sequence of the Al-Hoceima (Morocco) earthquake of 24 February 2004 has been investigated. The sequence of the occurrence times of the events with threshold magnitude Mth≥3.2 is characterized by a time-clustering behavior, identified using different fractal methods (Fano Factor, Allan Factor, Count-based Periodogram), well suited to reveal scaling features in point processes. The obtained results not only show the presence of memory phenomena and correlation structures in the Al-Hoceima aftershocks, but also furnish quantitatively the estimate of the magnitude of such correlation by means of the estimate of the scaling exponent α.
openalex: W2097575768 mag: 2097575768
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Application of computers in biochemical education – the african challenge - Tonukari, Nyerhovwo J. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2009)
Digital illustration of biomolecules and the use of computers and projectors in lectures can improve students understanding of the subject.Lecturers and students alike now rely upon the Internet to communicate and to learn new information.Digital libraries are offering a wealth of information to a large community of users and will become an increasingly valuable part of the Internet as they are developed in a coherent and imaginative way.By accessing online resources, faculty can also bring more of the dynamic nature of genomics and bioinformatics to students (Afr.
openalex: W2125493416 mag: 2125493416
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Gender Diversity and ICT Literacy among Nigerian In-Service Teachers. - Agbatogun, Alaba Olaoluwakotansibe (Gender and behaviour, 2009)
This study examined the gender disparities that exist in the use of Information and Communication Technology among Nigerian in-service teachers. Five hundred and sixty five (565) in-service teachers (319= 56.46% males and 246= 43.53% females) who enrolled in the sandwich programme in a Nigerian university constituted the sample for the study. The Mean Age and Standard Deviation of the sample were 36.6 and 8.72 respectively. The instrument used for this study was the self-designed ICT Literacy Scale (ILS) with a coefficient of 0.91. Mean and Standard Deviation, t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were utilized for the data analysis. The findings revealed that there gender is a determining factor of in-service teachers‘ overall ICT literacy level, as well as their skill levels in different ICT-oriented tasks. Study outcomes further indicated no significant relationship between gender, in-service teachers‘ ICT literacy level and their monthly income; while a relationship between gender, ICT literacy level and subject discipline was significantly established among in-service teachers. It was recommended amongst other things that technology concepts should be infused into the curriculum of all subjects for teachers to teach and students to learn in order to motivate female teachers‘ interest and involvement in Information and Communication Technology use. Keywords: Gender, Pre-service teachers, I CT literacy, Nigeria
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Preparing the Mothers of Tomorrow: Education and Islam in Mandate Palestine - Greenberg, Ela (2009)
* Acknowledgments * List of Abbreviations * Note on Transliteration * Introduction * Chapter 1. Educating Girls in Late Ottoman Palestine * Chapter 2. Removing Long-standing Prejudice against Girls' Education * Chapter 3. Reading the Bible and Wearing the Veil * Chapter 4. Love of the Nation Is from Faith * Chapter 5. Learning to Be Mothers of * Chapter 6. The Mothers of Tomorrow in the Public Sphere * Notes * Bibliography * Index
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The development and role of trust in educational leadership: A comparative study of U.S. and Ugandan school administrators - Hallam, Pamela R.; Hite, Julie M.; Hite, Steven J.; Mugimu, Christopher B. (2009)
The development and role of trust in school performance has been built primarily on educational research in the United States. The problem is that the resulting theory of trust may not accurately reflect the development and role of trust in schools in other global contexts. Researchers broadly agree that the implications of trust dynamics filter into every segment of the school's organization. However, trust is often either oversimplified or made to seem overly complex, whereas reality is likely somewhere in the middle and depends largely on specific national and regional circumstances. The resulting problem for school administrators globally is a lack of role clarity regarding their leadership responsibilities related to trust and school performance.
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Gender Factor in Computer Anxiety, Knowledge and Utilization among Senior Secondary School Students in Ogun State, Nigeria. - Olatoye, Rafiu Ademola (Gender and behaviour, 2009)
The study investigated the influence of computer anxiety and knowledge on computer utilization among senior secondary school students in Ogun state, Nigeria. A sample of four hundred students randomly selected from twenty secondary schools participated in the study. Ex-post facto research design method was adopted for the study. Research questions were answered using inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Analysis of data revealed that there is significant difference between male and female students with regards to computer utilization (t=5.09, p0.05). There is significant relationship between computer knowledge and computer utilization(r=+0.276, p
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Faith in Schools: Religion, Education, and American Evangelicals in East Africa - Stambach, Amy (2009)
American Evangelicals have long considered Africa a welcoming place for joining faith with social action, but their work overseas is often ambivalently received. Even among East African Christians who share missionaries' religious beliefs, understandings vary over the promises and pitfalls of American Evangelical involvement in public life and schools. In this first-hand account, Amy Stambach examines missionary involvement in East Africa from the perspectives of both Americans and East Africans. While Evangelicals frame their work in terms of spreading Christianity, critics see it as destroying traditional culture. Challenging assumptions on both sides, this work reveals a complex and ever-evolving exchange between Christian college campuses in the U.S., where missionaries train, and schools in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Providing real insight into the lives of school children in East Africa, this book charts a new course for understanding the goals on both sides and the global connections forged in the name of faith.
openalex: W1240221642 mag: 1240221642
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Factors associated with school teachers' attitudes toward HIV prevention education in Lusaka, Zambia - Henning, Margaret (2009)
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Circumstances of Debut Sexual Intercourse among Out-of-School Adolescents in Ilorin, Nigeria - Monehin, JO; Araoye, MO; Aderibigbe, SA (The Nigerian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2009)
Objective: To determine the circumstances of debut sexual intercourse among out-of-school adolescents aged 15-24 years in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 253 apprentice tailors were sampled and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were administered to them by trained interviewers. Results: Mean age of respondents was 18.8 + 2.4 years and consisted of 184 females (72.7%) and 69 males (27.3%). Most respondents were single (93.7%) and were not educated beyond primary school (60.1%). Majority of respondents (69.2%) were sexually experienced and there was no significant difference by gender (p=0.768). Some 16% of sexually-experienced respondents initiated sex between the ages of 10-14 years and over 85% of sexually-experienced respondents commenced sexual intercourse before 19 years of age. Mean age of commencement of sexual intercourse was 17.3 + 2.4 years for males and 16.2 + 2.6 years for females and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.007). Age at debut sexual intercourse was significantly lower among younger respondents compared to older ones (p = 0.0001) hence suggesting that the age of sexual debut is decreasing in younger generations. About a third (31.2%) of female respondents were either coerced or raped at their debut sexual encounter whereas all male respondents indicated that their debut sexual encounter was consensual. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of early sexual exposure among teenagers, as well as a high incidence of sexual violence on teenage girls among the study population. Communication between minors and their parents/caregivers should be nurtured from childhood to identify potential and actual abuse early. Sexual violence on under-aged females can also be reduced by ensuring that abuses are reported and male perpetrators apprehended and punished.
openalex: W2056244678 mag: 2056244678
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Effectiveness of a Structured Diabetes Education Program on Some Non-Glycemic Endpoints in Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Kolawole, Babatope; Adegbenro, Caleb A.; Adegoke, Samuel Ademola; Adeola, Olatoun; Akintan, T. B.; Ojoawo, I. O. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2009)
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured group education program on non-glycemic endpoints of diabetes knowledge, compliance with treatment and medical advice, use of monitoring devices, and treatment satisfaction. A cross-sectional comparative design was employed. Study participants were members of the local Diabetes Association (DAN) who had participated in a structured group education program and comparison subjects were outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had not registered as members of DAN and do not attend DAN activities. Self- and interviewer-administered structured questionnaires were used to determine study endpoints. The responses of study participants were analyzed and then compared. Seventy-five patients were studied in each group comprising 78 males and 72 females. DAN members had good knowledge of their disease, complied satisfactorily with their medications and physician's advice, knew and used at least one monitoring device and had better knowledge of hypoglycemia than control subjects. Treatment Satisfaction scores were also higher among DAN members. Diabetes associations and clubs provide a practical and acceptable means of disseminating diabetes related information and should be strengthened.
openalex: W2057288252 mag: 2057288252
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Linking Air Pollution and Climate Change: The Challenge for Africa - News, NACA (Clean air journal, 2009)
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A Retrospective Analysis of Aetiology and Management of Epistaxis in a South-Western Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Akinpelu, Olubunmi V.; Amusa, Y B; Eziyi, J.A.E.; Nwawolo, C C (West African journal of medicine, 2009)
Epistaxis is a common otolaryngological emergency and is often due to lesions within or around the nose and systemic conditions. Controlling epistaxis presents a challenge in the underdeveloped, resource-poor centres where there are limited facilities.To describe the aetiopatogenesis of epistaxis in our hospitals.This was a retrospective review of the cases of epistaxis managed at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile Ife, over a three-year period: January 2003 - through December, 2005. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation and management of epistaxis was obtained from the hospital records both in the accident and emergency units and the ENT outpatient clinic.A total of 106 cases were managed during the period. The peak age incidence was in the 21-40-year group. There was a significant male preponderance, ratio 3.4:1. Trauma contributed to 75 (70.9%) of the cases managed. Maxillofacial injuries were the most common injury encountered (50.7%). This was mainly secondary to the road traffic accident (RTA). Malignant neoplasms were the second most common aetiological factor seen in this study while idiopathic causes were the third most common. There were two cases with systemic problems associated with renal failure. Nasal packing was adequate to control the epistaxis in most cases. Nasal packing was done with gloved finger cots and vasellinated gauze. Two patients (1.9%) had external carotid artery ligation. Eleven patients (10.4%) received blood transfusion.Epistaxis is a common presentation of head and neck trauma. Non-surgical control of epistaxis (nasal packing) is adequate in many cases. Reducing the incidence of trauma from RTA will reduce the incidence of emergency epistaxis in our centers.
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Occupational disability on psychiatric grounds in South African school-teachers - Emsley, Robin; Emsley, L; Seedat, Soraya (African journal of psychiatry, 2009)
School-teachers are exposed to high levels of stress and have high rates of premature retirement on psychiatric grounds. This study investigated factors associated with occupational disability due to psychiatric disorders in teachers in South Africa.This retrospective study investigated 81 school-teachers in the Cape Town area who had been declared permanently medically disabled as a consequence of psychiatric disorders.Patients were relatively young (44+/-6.1 yrs), had experienced symptoms for 5.2+/-3.8 yrs, and had been treated for 4+/-3.5 yrs. Almost half had a family history of psychiatric disorder, and the majority (N = 66. 81%) cited work-related stress as a significant contributing factor. Major depressive disorder was the commonest diagnosis (83%), and 56% had co-morbid Axis-I diagnoses. Thirty percent had prominent underlying obsessive-compulsive personality traits, and 46% displayed classroom phobia.Work-related stress is a major factor in South African teachers with occupational disability on psychiatric grounds.
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Analysis of Impact of HIV on Children's Education in Zambia - Matimba, Peter (2009)
This book critically analyzes effectiveness and sustainability of educational models in mitigating impact of HIV on children in Zambia. It is based on research findings carried out in four (4) communities in Lusaka district, Zambia. The target audience of this book include policy makers, non state actors, donor agencies, academia, school authorities, parents, children as beneficiaries. The book outlines positive impact and contributions of government policy makers, non-state actors and others in the fight against HIV in Zambia and in other African countries collected. This book also highlights policy, administrative and physical challenges faced by respective players in their pursuit to formulate,design and deliver quality educational requites to respond to HIV and other social factors. It also highlights some good practices being used or that can be explored by key players for effective and coordinated resource mobilisation and policy synergies among stakeholders. The book ends with recommendations that may provide a more coordinated, effective, participatory, ownership and sustainable response to reduce spread and impact of HIV on children's education
openalex: W2770301410 mag: 2770301410
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Monocultural Education in a Multicultural Society:The Case of Teacher Preparation in Botswana - Molosiwa, Annah (International Journal of Multicultural Education, 2009)
In several policy documents reviewing the country’s education system, the Ministry of Education has made noteworthy pronouncements on how to improve teacher education in Botswana. This mainly concerns equipping teachers with pedagogical skills to better address the learning needs of the linguistically and culturally diverse student population. Even though at policy level it is acknowledged that Botswana is a multicultural society, at implementation stage there is no such evidence. This article argues that lack of implementation of policy pronouncements contradicts the government’s aspirations to provide equal learning opportunity to all learners. The infusion of courses in multicultural education at teacher education level is seen as an alternative.
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Teachers in Anglophone Africa - Mulkeen, Aidan (2009)
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Teachers in Anglophone Africa: Issues in Teacher Supply, Training, and Management - Mulkeen, Aidan (2009)
Based on case studies of education systems and practices in eight English-speaking African countries, the publication closely examines issues of teacher supply, deployment, management and finance. The book suggests that these issues are closely interrelated. Low numbers of qualified teaching graduates may result in teacher shortages; these shortages may make it difficult to deploy teachers effectively. Problems with teacher deployment may result in inefficient utilization of the teachers available, and those teachers effectiveness may be further reduced by weak teacher management and support systems. The book identifies policies and practices that are working on the ground, noting their potential pitfalls and pointing out that policies designed to address one problem may make another problem worse. Teachers in Anglophone Africa offers a useful synthesis of the issues and draws together a series of promising practices, which can serve as positive suggestions for countries seeking to improve their teacher policies.
openalex: W1545423219 mag: 1545423219
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Somalia: EU Training (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2009)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 46, Issue 11 p. 18200B-18200B Somalia: EU Training First published: 17 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2009.02675.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, Issue11December 2009Pages 18200B-18200B RelatedInformation
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Morbidity and mortality patterns of admissions into the Special Care Baby Unit of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. - Aa, Okechukwu; Achonwa, A (PubMed, 2009)
To determine the morbidity and mortality patterns of patients admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, Nigeria.A retrospective analysis of records of patients admitted into the SCBU of the UATH over an 18 month period ofJanuary 2005 to June 2006 was carried out.A total of 654 patients were admitted into SCBU of UATH during the review period, there were 351 (53.7%) males, and 303 (46.3%) females given a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The four leading causes of admissions were low birth weight (LBW) 32.7%, neonatal sepsis (NNS) 19.1%, severe birth asphyxia (SBA) 12.7%, and neonatal jaundice (NNJ) 8.7%. Eighty one (37.9%) of the LBW were term and small for gestational (SGA), while 133 (62.1%) were preterm. Of the 87 (13.3%) deaths recorded during the review period, SBA (21.7%), LBW (20.1%), neonatal meningitis (15.4%),and NNS (11.2%) were the four leading causes of preventable deaths, while congenital abnormalities (20.0%) was the commonest cause of non-preventable conditions. 71.2% of all deaths occurred within the first 72 hours of admission, while 57.7% of such deaths were babies of mothers from low socio-economic background.Patterns of admissions and mortality into SCBU of UATH were comparable to studies elsewhere, and points to preventable conditions as the leading causes of such admissions and deaths. Efforts to reduce LBW, SBA, NNS and NNJ through enhancement of good antenatal and delivery services, as well as improvement in the facilities in the unit will assist in death reduction. Health education and economic empowerment especially of women will be an added advantage.
openalex: W1510060739 mag: 1510060739
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Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, behaviour and education needs of in-school adolescents in Northern Nigeria : original research article - Adeokun, Lawrence A.; Ricketts, Olufemi Leticia; Ladipo, Olaronke; Ajuwon, Ademola J. (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2009)
Adolescence is marked by progression from the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics to sexual and reproductive maturity. Curiosity about bodily changes is heightened. However, adolescents' perceived sexuality education needs have been poorly documented. A survey of 989 adolescents from 24 North-Eastern Nigerian secondary schools yielded information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health knowledge, sexual activities and sexuality education needs. Of the interviewed respondents, 72% of females had experienced menstruation. Overall, 9% were sexually active, 3.1% knew when ovulation occurs, 47% knew pregnancy could result from first coitus and 56% knew of contraception. 84% opined that adolescents should be given sexuality education but only 48.3% had received any. Sexuality education should be provided for in-school adolescents through their preferred and reliable sources of information. Connaissance de la sante sexuelle et de la reproduction, les besoins educatifs et comportementaux des adolescents encore a l'ecole au sud du Nigeria L'adolescence est marquee par une progression a partir de la parution des caracteristiques sexuelles secondaires jusqu'a la maturite sexuelle et de la reproduction. La curiosite a l'egard des modifications physiologiques augmente. Une enquete sur 989 adolescents venant de 24 ecoles secondaires du nord-est du Nigeria a donne des renseignements sur les caracteristiques socio-demographiques, la connaissance de la sante de la reproduction, les activites sexuelles et les besoins de l’education sexuelle. Parmi les enquetes, 72% des femelles ont subi la menstruation. Dans l'ensemble, 9% etaient sexuellement actives, 3.1% savaient quand l'ovulation se produit, 47% savaient qu'il est possible de devenir enceinte des le premier coit et 56% connaissaient la contraception. 84% etaient d'opinion que les adolescents doivent avoir l'education sexuelle, mais seuls 48,3% l'ont jamais eu. Il faut mettre l'education sexuelle sur le programme scolaire des adolescents encore a l'ecole a travers leurs sources serieuses d'information.
openalex: W2586378782 mag: 2586378782
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Teaching Character Education Across the Curriculum and the Role of Stakeholders at the Junior Secondary Level in Botswana - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele; Moumakwa, Tshiamiso Violet; Adeyemi, Deborah Adeninhun (Studies on home and community science, 2009)
Various educational policy statements in Botswana support the teaching of values across the curriculum in Botswana (Republic of Botswana 1977, 1994, 1997). In other words, a topic can be taught across the subject spectrums. The notion of the interdisciplinary approach to teaching shares the idea that a topic is better taught and understood when more than a subject is involved in the teaching and learning of the subject matter. The deep understanding of a phenomenon cuts across the use of only a discipline to teach or ‘do justice’ to the topic under consideration. This paper justifies and illustrates the teaching of an aspect of character education across the subject boundaries, and in this case, with the use of a passage from English literature text to also teach a topic in social studies at the junior secondary school level in Botswana. It provides an illustration of how ‘unity’, as an aspect of character education can be taught in English literature and Social Studies in Botswana in an interdisciplinary manner. It finally recognizes the role other stakeholders can play, apart from the formal school system, in the continuing efforts to enhance character education in Botswana.
openalex: W262146455 mag: 262146455
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E-learning software acquisition for blended learning: The case of higher institutions in Uganda with limited budgets - Agaba, Joab E. (2009)
openalex: W2264613460 mag: 2264613460
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Oil Exploitation and Marine Pollution: Evidence from the Niger Delta, Nigeria - Aghalino, S.O.; Eyinla, Bolade M. (Journal of Human Ecology (Delhi) (Print), 2009)
This study examines two cases of oil spillages and their concomitant impact on the flora and fauna of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, where much of Nigeria’s oil and gas is exploited. It seeks to evaluate how the oil firms and the federal government responded to the despoliation of the environment occasioned by the Texaco/Funiwa-5 oil blow out and the Qua Iboe oil spillage. The study makes use of both primary and secondary sources of information and data to analyze the issues in contention. The findings of the study show that neither Texaco nor Mobil made genuine effort to combat the oil spilled from their various platforms until much harm had been done to the environment. Indeed, the study revealed that Nigerian environmental laws are lax and inadequate. The author suggests the need for government to impose strict liability for environmental degradation. The Nigerian government should go beyond command and control approach to pollution abatement and adopt various economic instruments to combat oil industry-induced environmental pollution. The paper concludes that the oil producing companies in Nigeria should adhere to international best practices in oil exploitation.
openalex: W2338489378 mag: 2338489378
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Increase in the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in urban Algiers (Algeria) following the 2003 earthquake - Aït-Oudhia, Khatima; Lami, Patrick; Lesceu, S.; Harrat, Zoubir; Hamrioui, B; Dedet, Jean-Pierre; Pratlong, Francine (Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 2009)
AbstractBetween 2005 and 2008, a serological survey for leishmanial infection was conducted among dogs from urban and peri-urban Algiers, with the focus on the new, densely populated areas that were built after the 2003 earthquake. Serum samples were collected from 1810 animals and tested for the presence of leishmanial antibodies by IFAT, ELISA and western blotting. The overall seroprevalence recorded was 25.1%. Of the seropositive dogs, 58.8% showed no clinical signs of the disease, 25.8% had a few, minor signs and the remaining 15.4% showed more severe illness. The major clinical signs of infection were weight loss, skin lesions and lymphadenopathy. Although seropositive dogs were found in all of the boroughs (daïras) of Algiers, seroprevalences were highest in the western part of the city (i.e. in the boroughs of Bouzaréah, Chéraga and Zéralda), ranging from 23.0% to 44.5%. Statistical analysis showed a relationship between seropositivity for leishmanial infection and the dog's age and lifestyle (i.e. whether the dog lived outside and/or in areas with dense vegetation). Only two zymodemes were identified amongst the 50 isolates investigated: MON-1 (88%) and MON-281 (12%). The latter zymodeme has not been previously found in Algeria, sandflies or dogs.
openalex: W1972617781 mag: 1972617781
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Instructional Space Planning and Studentsș Academic Performance in South West Nigeria Secondary Schools - Ajayi, Iyiade Adeseye; Yusuf, Musibau Adeoye (International journal of educational sciences, 2009)
The study examined the relationship between instructional space planning and students’ academic performance in south west Nigeria secondary schools. A descriptive research of the survey design was used in the study. The sample consisted of 1650 respondents comprising 150 school principals and 1500 students. Multistage, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the sample. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, means and pearson product moment correlation. The five null hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the levels of instructional space planning and students’ academic performance were relatively high during the period under study. The study also revealed that students’ academic performance was significantly related to instructional space planning, classroom planning, library planning and technical workshops planning. It was revealed that there was no significant relationship between laboratory planning and students’ academic performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended that stakeholders should not relent in their effort in sustaining good instructional space planning in order to enhance good students’ academic performance.
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Constructivist Practicies Through Guided Discovery Approach: The Effect on Students' Cognitive Achievements in Nigerian Senior Secondary School Physics - Akinbobola, Akinyemi Olufunminiyi; Afolabi, Folashade (Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 2009)
openalex: W3209091207 mag: 3209091207
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Teachers’ Effectiveness and Students’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria - Akiri, Agharuwhe A.; Ugborugbo, Nkechi M. (Studies on home and community science, 2009)
This study determined the influence of teachers’ classroom effectiveness on students academic performance in public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. It was descriptive in nature and involved 979 teachers, made up of 450 males and 519 females, drawn from 72 out of the total of 361 public secondary schools in the State by stratified random sampling technique. Academic performance records of 50 students per teacher, which is 48,950 students’ scores were also used. Two questionnaires and a rating scale were used to collect data for the study. Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.98 and 0.79 respectively were obtained from the two questionnaires used for the study. Four hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance using correlation, simple regression, t-test, and single factor analysis of variance. The results showed that effective teachers produced better performing students. However, the observed differences in students’ performance were statistically not significant. This could be due to the influence of student and school environment related factors which were not included in this study. It was concluded that teachers’ effect is not the only determinant on students’ academic achievement.
openalex: W2309925195 mag: 2309925195
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Scarce skills and public technical and vocational education and training in South Africa : twin challenges or two sides of the same coin? - Akoojee, Salim (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2009)
South Africa's acute skills shortage has much to do with the chronic levels of poverty in the country. A substantial skills development initiative is accordingly necessary. The importance of skills to national development has been recognised at the highest level, but despite a plethora of policy pronouncements and initiatives, success has been limited. This article argues that a crucial reason for the lack of any meaningful success lies in a lack of synergy between the supply-side and the demand-side requirements of skills in the market. The role of South African public TVET institutions (referred to as Further Education and Training [FET] colleges), with their potential to serve as primary skills development agencies, therefore needs to be reviewed. The article examines some key challenges faced by FET colleges in South Africa in their quest to deliver on their skills development mandate. It provides an assessment of the structural constraints that prevent FET colleges from maximising their potential in response to the demand for skills development nationally.
openalex: W1593989370 mag: 1593989370
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Dike injection and magma mixing in Kenya rift volcanoes - Anthony, Elizabeth Y.; Espejel, V.; Biggs, Juliet (AGUFM, 2009)
openalex: W3019469934 mag: 3019469934
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Climate change and desertification in South Africa—science and response - Archer, Emma; Tadross, Mark (African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 2009)
Despite significant attention paid to desertification and climate change in the last few decades, interactions between the phenomena, as well as implications thereof, have received less of a focus. Such a trend is particularly marked in the science– policy arena, at multiple scales. Reynolds et al. (2007) observe, for example, the lack of a focused international science programme in desertification—a gap that may compound the problem. This article seeks to unpack two-way interactions between climate change and desertification, using selected case studies from the South and southern African, and global, contexts. It considers emerging approaches to responding to climate change in the context of desertification, emphasising the need for improved integrated biophysical and social science approaches, a focus on multiple synergies and cross-sectoral strategies, and the need for improved communication across the science–policy divide.
openalex: W2042731646 mag: 2042731646
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Teaching Clothing and Textiles: An Appraisal by Students in Tertiary Institutions in Delta State Nigeria. - Arubayi, Damaro Olusoji (College student journal, 2009)
openalex: W1502279682 mag: 1502279682
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Impostorism as a Mediator between Survivor Guilt and Depression in a Sample of African American College Students. - Austin, Chammie; Clark, Eddie M.; Ross, Michael J.; Taylor, Matthew (2009)
openalex: W2729876325 mag: 2729876325
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An Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and the Performance of Principals in Selected Schools in Kenya - Ayiro, Laban P. (Advances in Developing Human Resources, 2009)
The article investigates the degree of association between the emotional intelligence (EI) of school principals and their performance rating. The concept of EI is defined and data collected using the Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. This is related to the performance of the school in terms of test scores in national examinations as well as other measurable variables at the school level. The findings render valuable information indicating that there was a significant relationship between a school principal’s EI and the school’s success as measured by the rating of school principals who participated in the study. The study will enable further exploration into the emotional cognitive and psychological structures of these vital managers in the education sector using established HRD training programmes aimed at improving EI and performance of school principals.
openalex: W2049145956 mag: 2049145956
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Using Open Source Software in Education in Developing Countries: The Sudan as an Example - Barry, Bazara I. A. (2009)
Recently, the demand for education in the developing countries at all levels has witnessed an exponential growth. Despite the difficulties and hurdles facing learners, we find that wide sectors of the societies in developing countries aspire to access educational resources. In this paper, we try to shed some light on the promise of open source software in education in Sudan as a developing country. We follow a systematic approach by firstly highlighting the potential drawbacks of adopting open source solutions at educational institutions, and describing possible ways around. The suitability of open source software to education is thrashed out with a special attention to the Sudanese context and its complexities. The paper shows various open source-based solutions to overcome the difficulties facing education in Sudan and presents recipes for a better educational experience.
openalex: W2120474179 mag: 2120474179
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Multiple micronutrient deficiencies in adolescent school girls from Tigray, northern Ethiopia - Bezabih, Afework Mulugeta (2009)
openalex: W2298098881 mag: 2298098881
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3-D Seismic Images of Mud Volcano North Alex, West-Nile Delta, Egypt - Bialas, Jörg; Klaeschen, Dirk; Papenberg, Cord; Gehrmann, Romina; Sommer, Malte (2009)
OS21A-1155 Mud volcanoes within shelf areas are the bathymetric expression of mobilized overpressured sediments causing a feature of possible instability within the slope. Such a scene is given in the West-Nile Delta offshore Alexandria, Egypt at 700 m water depth. The West Nile Delta forms part of the source of the large turbiditic Nile Deep Sea Fan. Since the late Miocene sediments have formed an up to 10 km thick pile, which includes about 1 - 3 km of Messinian evaporates. The sediment load of the overburden implies strong overpressures and salt-related tectonic deformation. Both are favourable for fluid migration towards the seafloor guided by the fractured margin. Deep-cutting channel systems like the Rosetta channel characterize the continental slope. Bathymetric expressions of slides and numerous mud volcanoes in the area are expressions of active processes, which contribute to the ongoing modification of the slope. The western deltaic system, Rosetta branch, has formed an 80 km wide continental shelf. Here at 700 m water depth the mud volcano North Alex developed his circular bathymetric feature, which proved to be an active gas and mud-expelling structure. A grid of 2-D seismic profiles did reveal a large set of faults located within the main mud volcano as well as surrounding the structure. Internal faults are mainly related to episodic mud expulsion processes and continuous gas and fluid production. Deep cutting external faults surround the structure in a half circle shape. They can be tracked up to the seafloor indicating ongoing tectonic activity of the slope area. A recently build 3-D acquisition system suitable for mid-size research vessels was applied to collect an active seismic cube of the mud volcano. Based on the P-Cable design 11 parallel streamers (each 12.5 m long with 1.5 m group interval) were used to record shots of a single 210 cinch GI airgun. After stacking a 3D time migration within the cube provided final signal to noise reduction and filled remaining gaps in the coverage. Due to the high gas content of the innermost centre of the mud volcano acoustic blanking does hide the internal structure at depth. Nevertheless the high resolution (10 m) gridding of the cube highlights small scale dipping reflections surrounding the area saturated with gas. The interpretation assumes an oval lens shape body saturated with gas at the top of the mud volcano. It provides the upper termination of the mud chimney. Further structural information is deduced from a seismology network build by Ocean-Bottom-Seismometers. See Lefeldt et al. for details.
openalex: W2539298601 mag: 2539298601
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Multiple inflation and deflation events at Kenyan volcanoes, East African Rift - Biggs, Juliet; Anthony, Elizabeth Y.; Ebinger, C. J. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
The presence or absence of magma exerts a fundamental control on the distribution of strain in continental rift zones, yet the time scales of magma intrusion remain unconstrained. Using more than a decade of measurements from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), we detected geodetic activity at four of the eleven central rift volcanoes in the Kenyan sector of the East African Rift. Subsidence of 2–5 cm occurred at Suswa and Menengai over the period 1997–2000, ~9 cm of uplift was recorded at Longonot in 2004–2006, and ~21 cm of uplift occurred at Paka during 2006–2007. The deformation is episodic, and no deformation was observed at these volcanoes during other time periods. Preceding the infl ation at Paka, we observed transient uplift and subsidence of a second, nearby source, likely associated with fl ow through a complex plumbing system. The best-fi tting source models for each episode include infl ation or defl ation of a horizontal penny-shaped crack at a depth of 2–5 km. The episodic nature of the activity, its lack of correlation with seasons, and the preferred source geometry are all consistent with activity in the volatile-rich cap to a crystal-rich magma chamber beneath each of the four volcanoes. The presence of active magmatic systems beneath more than 40% of the volcanoes, and the 2007–2008 explosive eruptions at nearby Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, have implications for models of continental rifting, caldera volcanoes, geothermal resources, and volcanic and seismic hazard in rift zones.
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Poverty and academic performance of primary school pupils in Garsen zone, gars en division, Tana delta district, coast province, Kenya - Bile, Suleiman Abdi (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood of Kampala International University
openalex: W3010877479 mag: 3010877479
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Climate Change, Rainfall Variabilty and Meteorological Droughts in Borno State, Nigeria - Binbol, N.L. (2009)
openalex: W2784195195 mag: 2784195195
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Family Patriarchy, Gender Differences and Girl Child Education. A Case Study of Selected Primary Schools of Kapsabet Division, Nandi Central District Kenya. - Biwott, Isaac Kirwa (2009)
A Dissertation Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor's Degree in Education of Kampala International University.
openalex: W3037197175 mag: 3037197175
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Climate change and agriculture in South Africa - Blignaut, James Nelson; Elst, L. Van der (Quest, 2009)
Rural South Africa, and indeed much of the rest of Africa, is dependent almost entirely on agriculture to survive. Those in urban areas are also dependent on what the land produces, meaning that agriculture is equally important for all South Africans. Although agriculture provides only 3% of our GDP, the nature of the sector is such that any problems will have a relatively large effect on our daily lives. The relative contribution of agriculture to life, livelihoods and the general psychology (or social capital) of the country or nation cannot be overemphasised.
openalex: W2292930447 mag: 2292930447
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Near Source Observations of Earthquake Processes- Seismic Results from the NELSAM Project, South Africa (Invited) - Boettcher, M. S.; McGarr, A.; Johnston, M. J. S. (AGUFM, 2009)
openalex: W3005709724 mag: 3005709724
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Home‐school partnership – a study of opinions of selected parents and teachers in Kwazulu Natal Province, South Africa - Bojuwoye, Olaniyi (Research Papers in Education, 2009)
Education is the business of both the schools and the homes. A school’s success is more assured with joint efforts of teachers, pupils, parents and the local communities. However, translating home–school partnership into positive impact is dependent on how partnership is conceived since it is this that determines the approaches to and the forms or practices characteristic of the partnership. Thus, to understand how homes and schools interact together to positively influence school, or the educational process, the conceptualisation of home–school partnership, including in terms of attitudes to it, the benefits expected to be derived from it and its characteristic practices, need to be examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of home–school partnership, or how homes and schools in Kwazulu Natal province of South Africa interact together to influence learning and development of children. Two hundred and thirteen participants (127 parents and 86 teachers) who volunteered to participate in the study were requested to indicate practices of home–school partnership they were aware of existing between homes and schools in their communities. The study also sought participants’ opinions regarding their attitudes to, the benefits of and what they consider as barriers to home–school partnership. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather relevant information. The results revealed that participants were unaware of many partnership practices presented to them on the questionnaire although they expressed favourable attitudes to partnership and agreed to suggestions regarding benefits of partnership presented to them on the questionnaire. A major implication of the results is the need for teacher education programmes to feature training of teachers in strategies for encouraging parental involvement in children’s education through the design, initiation, and implementation of effective programmes that foster home–school partnership.
openalex: W2072183940 mag: 2072183940
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Emerging trends in the South African financial merchanisms of disability protection - Botha, Marius (2009)
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the South African financial mechanisms of protection available to people with disabilities, and to project possible future trends in providing these levels of cover. Alternative future scenarios that could pan out over the long-term are sketched to help understand the various external factors that could have an impact on disability risk protection in South Africa. The main classifications of the various benefits are split into social assistance and social insurance measures. The future landscape for each is explored by reviewing the associated social security and private insurance reforms currently envisaged. A key expected driver of private insurance reform is the introduction of a formal contributory system of social security in South Africa. The provision of disability cover in such a system is reviewed separately through proposals for a new mandatory system of retirement and risk benefit management in the country. Recommendations for a more coherent framework amongst the various mechanisms of disability protection and their designs are made. This is done within the context of the social model of disability that has developed in recent years. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
openalex: W2116997721 mag: 2116997721
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Reproductive health experiences among women with physical disabilities in the Northwest Region of Cameroon - Bremer, Kimberly; Cockburn, Lynn; Ruth, Acheinegeh (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2009)
To investigate the reproductive health experiences among women with physical disabilities in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.Data were collected in the city of Bamenda through semi-structured interviews with women with mobility impairments, discussions with healthcare providers, hospital observations, and field notes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed for key themes.The 8 participants included in the study had limited understanding of reproductive health and many had not received basic reproductive health education. Unplanned pregnancy was common and pregnancy was often feared. Respondents reported both positive and negative responses from family, community members, and healthcare workers regarding reproductive health. Most healthcare centers were physically and financially inaccessible.Women with disabilities need greater education on reproductive health and improved access to health care.
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Malaria control in schools : a toolkit on effective education sector responses to malaria in Africa - Brooker, Simon (2009)
The malaria control in schools toolkit aims to provide sector professionals with practical up-to-date information to aid the effective implementation of country-led plans for school malaria programs. Users include policymakers, and implementers of school health programs. Educationalists, researchers, donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will be able to use this toolkit to help determine priorities for funding and implementation. The malaria control in schools toolkit aims to assist countries in planning and helps to: highlight why the education sector should respond to malaria; understand the benefits of controlling malaria in schools; define the appropriate malaria interventions which can be delivered through schools; learn from examples of promising practice at scale; identify the key issues in developing a school malaria program; formulate a national malaria control in schools strategy; and design a malaria component of a wider school health program.
openalex: W1788653718 mag: 1788653718
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‘O brotha where art thou?’ Examining the ideological discourses of African American male teachers working with African American male students - Brown, Anthony L. (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2009)
Since the early 1990s, several researchers have found that African American teachers who are successful with African American students hold deep philosophical commitments to the concept of ‘social justice’. While these scholars have convincingly articulated how ‘social justice’ is a central feature of African American teachers’ success with African American students, little attention has been given to whether African American teachers draw from diverse and/or competing ideological discourses to address the collective goal of achieving ‘social justice’. Employing the theoretical framework of nation language, the findings from this study illustrate how seven African American male teachers who worked with African American male students within a local educational context drew from multiple and sometimes contested conceptions of ‘social justice’. The findings from this study demonstrate that while the teachers held a ‘shared concern’ to radically alter the educational and social conditions of African American males, they each employed different and competing discourses of ‘social justice’. Thus, in the context of this study, the idea of ‘social justice’ was individually rendered, historically contingent and multifaceted.
openalex: W1978676967 mag: 1978676967
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Preparation of teachers for multigrade teaching : global lessons for South Africa - Brown, Byron A. (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2009)
The government of South Africa, through the national department of education and various provincial education branches, has called for an upscale in the use of multigrade teaching in primary schools, many of which are located in rural areas where, for various reasons, it is a challenge to get teachers to take up teaching appointments. At the same time as the country faces teacher shortages, there is also a situation of underqualified and unqualified teachers in the school system. Drawing on a literature review and data collected in a qualitative study, this article sampled 25 multigrade teachers in rural township and farm schools in the Eastern Cape and reported on the professional training needs of these teachers and the implications for teacher in-service education and training in a higher education institution. It revealed multigrade teaching skills deficiency among teachers, many of whom were underqualified as professional teachers. In-service education programmes, such as the BEd programme, which are supposed to address practising teachers' professional training needs, do not have modules or topics on multigrade teaching. The author proposed key areas of training to address multigrade teachers' needs and ways to incorporate multigrade topics into the BEd in-service programme, but theorised that the absence of multigrade in mainstream teacher training schemes is further evidence of the lack of recognition of multigrade as a legitimate practice in schools. Avenues for further research have been proposed.
openalex: W192012891 mag: 192012891
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English in Kenyan education - Campbell, David A.; Walsh, Patrick (Intercultural Education, 2009)
This paper intends not only to place English language teaching in Kenya within a specific historical context, but also to consider how it operates alongside the many other languages used in the day‐to‐day experiences of a secondary school community. Any consideration of the use of English in Kenya must take into account the legacy of language policies adopted by both colonial and independent administrations in the country. Use is made in this respect of the growing body of research and theory which focuses on language policy in post‐colonial and neo‐colonial settings. Therefore, an evaluation of the intentions and impact of these policies on attitudes towards language use is included in this paper.
openalex: W2082191627 mag: 2082191627
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Knowing Their Lines: How Social Boundaries Undermine Equity-Based Integration Policies in United States and South African Schools. - Carter, Prudence; Caruthers, J. Kent; Foster, Jessica (Perspectives in Education, 2009)
In this paper we argue that although the United States and South Africa have produced qualitatively different national frames about the necessity for racial integration in education, certain practices converge in both nations at the school level that thwart integrationist goals. Drawing on sociologist Jeannie Oakes and colleagues' idea of schools as zones of mediation of economic, racial, social, and cultural phenomena, we provide empirical evidence of how a complex set of social interactions - sustained by explicit organized school practices - limit educators' and students' abilities to accept and comply with integrationist aims of equity and the redress of cumulative disadvantages due to past racial discrimination. We discuss how social and symbolic boundaries reproduced by educational actors in everyday school practices illuminate the macromicro tension between the goals of racial integration policy and perceived group interests. Our arguments emerge from thorough analyses of ethnographic, interview, and survey data obtained over a four-year period from multiracial and desegregated schools located in four US and South African cities.
openalex: W277842189 mag: 277842189
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The management of educational changes in primary education in Tanzania - Chediel, Richard W. (2009)
openalex: W1752167181 mag: 1752167181
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The Politics of Education in Kenyan Universities: A Call for a Paradigm Shift - Chege, Mwangi (African Studies Review, 2009)
Abstract: The winds of political change have been sweeping across Kenya for the last two decades. However, as many sections of society—the media, the church, civil society, and even ordinary people—take advantage of the unprecedented democratic space in which to engage the political establishment, the country's intelligentsia has remained aloof. The aim of this article is to interrogate discourse patterns in the Kenyan university system. Adopting a historical lens, it argues that the curtailment of intellectual freedom in the postcolonial Kenyan university is a reproduction of the colonial suppression of discourses whose objective was to ensure the political survival of the ruling class. It also argues for the adoption of critical pedagogies that challenge the status quo.
openalex: W2035089964 mag: 2035089964
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The Role of Agro Forestry in the Enrichment of Agricultural Studies In Primary Schools in Central Province of Kenya: Methodological Complexities and Implications to Teaching. - Cheruiyot, William K (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Award of Diploma of Education of Kampala International University.
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Exploring the Relevance and Quality of the VaRemba Initiation School Curriculum and its Impact on Formal Schooling in a Rural District in Zimbabwe - Chikunda, Charles; Shoko, Pamela (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
The study explores the relevance and quality of the VaRemba initiation school curriculum and analyses its impact on formal education. A case study design was used to come up with a descriptive, interpretive as well as an evaluative account of the initiation curriculum and its impact on formal schooling in Chomusenda village in Mberengwa district of Zimbabwe. Interviews, questionnaires, observations and analysis of records were used to gather data from teachers, initiates and elderly community members. The study established that the VaRemba initiation curriculum perpetuates gender stereotypical roles and has some aspects which are unsustainable and in tension with formal schooling. Girls are channeled towards reproductive roles and the private sphere while boys are geared for productive roles and public sphere. High dropout from formal schooling is witnessed soon after initiation, as the initiation curriculum seems to tell initiates that they are ‘ripe’ for adult life. However, the curriculum has aspects that contribute to moral development of young people. The study recommends a paradigm shift, to embrace the ubuntu philosophy in the two education systems as a way to harmonise them.
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The Purpose and Value of Bilingual Education : A Critical, Linguistic Ethnographic Study of Two Rural Primary Schools in Mozambique - Chimbutane, Feliciano (2009)
This is a qualitative, interpretive study of discourse on bilingual education in two rural primary schools in Mozambique. My aim was to explore how different views about the purpose and value of bilingual education were manifested in classroom discourse practices and how these views related to historical and socio-political processes. I combined linguistic ethnography and critical, interpretive approaches to bilingualism and bilingual education. Data was collected using different techniques, mainly observation, audio recording, note taking, and interviewing. The study showed that the main official purpose of using local languages in education in Mozambique had been to facilitate pupils’ learning. There were three sets of values associated with bilingual education in the sites in this study: pedagogical, socio-cultural and socio-economic. The use of local languages in the classrooms had been creating spaces for pupil participation and learning. I also found that the beneficiaries in the local communities focussed more on the socio-cultural value of bilingual education, which they saw as prompting the development and upgrading of their languages and associated cultural practices. The study also revealed that, with the introduction of bilingual education, participants had begun to consider the potential capital value of local languages in formal linguistic markets. The general conclusion is that bilingual education is playing a role in social and cultural transformation in the sites in this study, though its potential has yet to be fully explored.
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The Tax Knowledge of South African Trainee Accountants: A Survey of the Perceptions of Training Officers in Public Practice - Coetzee, Stephen A.; Oberholzer, Ruanda (Accounting Education, 2009)
Abstract This empirically-based, exploratory study outlines the framework of chartered accountants' tax education and training in South Africa and focuses on training officers' perceptions of the existing tax knowledge of trainee accountants when entering into a training contract after completing their university qualification. The study identified the respondents' satisfaction with the performance by ‘entry-level’ trainee accountants of their duties. The results indicated that, although the educational background of trainee accountants was for the most part adequate, these trainee accountants were not sufficiently able to perform their duties when entering into training. The implication of this study is that the syllabus setters and educators should review the practicality of the current tax syllabi's content for the education and training of aspirant chartered accountants in South Africa. Keywords: Tax educationtax trainingtax knowledgetraining officers' perceptionstraining in public practice
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Factors affecting the presence of African American males on counseling and psychology training program faculties - Conwill, William L. (2009)
The severe underrepresentation of African American males in counseling and psychology is significant, especially in light of these fields’ mandates as health professions. In this chapter, I will use a within-race intersectionality paradigm (gender, class, skin color) to inform my analysis of factors that affect the presence of African Americans males on counseling and psychology faculties. I will briefly elucidate factors that, early on, effectively “weed out” African American males from the pool of aspirants for higher education, and thence, from counseling and psychology programs and faculties. I will apply cooperative inquiry – a radical peer-to-peer research method regarded as a well-developed action research approach – to explore Black males’ experience along a range of narratives.
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Education and internalized racism in socio-political context: Zimbabwe and Swaziland - Cort, Malcolm; Tull, Eugene S.; Gwebu, Keratiloe N.; Dlamini, Priscilla S.; Pinkney, Erica; Gramby, Eundene; Cuthbertson, Shanitria Nichole; Daniels, Ashley; Luu, Shay; Gwebu, Ephraim T. (Social Science Journal, 2009)
We focus on the scarcely researched concept of internalized racism (INR), conceptualized as the internalization by blacks of white stereotypes about blacks, to investigate the extent to which it is impacted by education. Samples were drawn from two countries in Southern Africa, Swaziland (N = 308) and Zimbabwe (N = 319). We examined the contrasting socio-political contexts of a history of apartheid in Zimbabwe, and the absence of de jure segregation in Swaziland, the levels of INR, and the relationship of education to INR in both societies. Analysis showed that there was no difference in the levels of INR. Education, our variable of main interest, was negatively related to INR in both societies, and age, and a “sense of helplessness” were positively related to INR also in both societies, although the latter was marginally significant in Swaziland. We discussed the unexpected similarity of INR levels in these societies, and the potential of education to mediate negative psychological effects in both socio-political contexts.
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Microfinance against malaria: impact of Freedom from Hunger's malaria education when delivered by rural banks in Ghana - Cruz, Natalie De La; Crookston, Benjamin T.; Gray, Bobbi; Alder, Stephen C.; Dearden, Kirk A. (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009)
A community randomized pre-test/post-test design was used to compare the knowledge and behaviors of microfinance clients receiving malaria education (n = 213) to those receiving diarrhea education (n = 223) and to non-client controls (n = 268). Comparisons assessed differences at follow-up as well as within-group changes over time. At follow-up, malaria clients had significantly better malaria knowledge than comparison groups: 48.4% of malaria clients were able to identify groups most vulnerable to malaria compared with 39.2% of diarrhea clients (P = 0.044) and 37.7% of non-clients (P = 0.024). Malaria clients were more likely than diarrhea clients (P = 0.024) (P < 0.001) and non-clients (P = 0.028) (P = 0.004) to report that insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) provide the best protection against malaria, and to agree that pregnant women should use ITNs, respectively. Between baseline and follow-up, malaria clients were most likely to: improve in knowledge of malaria complications during pregnancy; to own at least one bed net; and to report at least one child or woman of reproductive age sleeping under a bed net. Malaria clients also experienced the greatest increases in ITN ownership/use (9% vs. 2.9% and 6.7% among diarrhea clients and non-clients). Results indicate that, although significant barriers to malaria control remain, a malaria education program provided by microfinance institutions can effectively contribute to community and national malaria initiatives.
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Invisible men – almost: the diminution of African American males in higher education - Cuyjet, Michael J. (2009)
The first element contributing to the low number of African American men in college is the set of factors that cause Black men to not even consider applying or enrolling. In this volume, Launcelot Brown, Malick Koyate, and Rodney Hopson explore why so many Black men fail to grasp the opportunity to go to college while Rhonda Sharpe and William Darity examine some specific factors affecting the decision not to enroll. Also, Candace Baldwin, Jodi Fisler, and James Patton delineate issues linked to the status and perceptions of Black men in society as a whole that contribute to their absence from our campuses.
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West African convective storms during the land-ocean transition - DeLonge, Marcia S.; Fuentes, José D.; Kucera, Paul A. (AGUFM, 2009)
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The role of integrated quality management system to measure and improve teaching and learning in South African further education and training sector - Dhlamini, Joseph Thabang (2009)
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Gender Blind, Gender-Lite: A Critique of Gender Equity Approaches in the South African Department of Education. - Dieltiens, Veerle; Unterhalter, Elaine; Letsatsi, Setungoane; North, Amy (Perspectives in Education, 2009)
Gender equity is one of the foundational principles of the national Department of Education, but there is not a shared understanding of its meaning. Based on interviews conducted in 2008 with officials in the Department of Education, we argue that there are two basic approaches to equity. The first, which we term gender blind, equates equity with parity between the sexes, without recognizing the need for policy to deal with difference. The second, which we term gender-lite, acknowledged some discrimination and the need to identify particular conditions of girls, but this often took essentialised forms that stopped short of addressing underlying power structures that disadvantaged girls and women. Drawing on Nancy Fraser's elaboration of justice, we argue that neither of these two approaches sufficiently addresses her dual demands for distribution and recognition.
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Intelligence, motivation and personality as predictors of training performance in the South African Army Armour Corps - Dijkman, J.A. (2009)
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The Effectiveness of a Community‐based Education Program on Abandoning Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Senegal - Diop, Nafissatou; Askew, Ian (Studies in Family Planning, 2009)
A pre- and post-test comparison-group design was used to evaluate the effect of a community education program on community members'willingness to abandon female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in rural areas of southern Senegal. Developed by TOSTAN (a Senegalese nongovernmental organization), the education program aimed to empower women through a broad range of educational and health-promoting activities. Our findings suggest that information from the program was diffused widely within the intervention villages, as indicated by improvements in knowledge about and critical attitudes toward FGM/C among women and men who had and had not participated in the program, without corresponding improvement in the comparison villages. The prevalence of FGM/C among daughters aged ten years and younger decreased significantly over time as reported by women who were directly and indirectly exposed to the program, but not among daughters in the comparison villages, suggesting that the program had an impact on family behaviors as well as attitudes. Findings from this study provide evidence-based information to program planners seeking to empower women and discourage a harmful traditional practice.
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Economics of Climate Change Kenya - Downing, Thomas E.; Watkiss, Paul (2009)
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Identity, identification, and socialization: Preparation and retention of African American males in institutions of higher education - Dupree, Davido; Gasman, Marybeth; James, Kevin; Spencer, Margaret Beale (2009)
Everyone is vulnerable. The degree of balance (or not) between protective factors present (i.e., supports available and accessible) and risk factors present (i.e., cumulative challenges confronted) in an individual's life is always relative and linked to inevitable perceptual processes (see Spencer, 2006, 2008). That is, individuals’ perceptions of risk and protection are just as important as the actual presence of risk and protective factors. Thus, it is inescapable that human beings – particularly Black males in the United States – will experience some level of vulnerability at every point across the life course. In fact, a persistent dilemma has been the narrow focus of social science literature on the risks and persistent challenges confronted by Black males. Unfortunately, the successes achieved or manifested resiliency of Black males remains under-analyzed. Thus, a resiliency theme is generally not integrated into the training of those intended to provide and contribute to the building of protective factors which maximize the accessibility to and use of sources of support. Accordingly, independent of the fact that all humans are vulnerable, for some who experience a disproportionate share of risks and challenges given particularly constructed social conditions (e.g., African American males), the mechanisms which promote the obtainment of good outcomes as expressed resiliency are frequently under-examined either conceptually or theoretically.
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The influence of north south school partnerships: Examining the evidence from schools in the UK, Africa and Asia - Edge, Karen; Frayman, Keren; Lawrie, James (2009)
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Focusing Agricultural Education for Better Productivity in Nigeria in the 21^st Century - Egun, A. C. (International journal of educational sciences, 2009)
The need for increased productivity in Agricultural sector of Nigerian economy through effective agricultural education of the populace, especially the youth and women in the rural areas necessitates that education in agriculture be refocused. This paper suggests among other things that agricultural education be vocationalised, girls/women empowerment, and productive agriculture seen as a national issue and overhauling of agricultural administrative machineries.
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Citizenship Education and Liberal Democratic Change: The Egyptian Case - Elnagar, Abdelhady; Krugly‐Smolska, Eva (Comparative and international education (London, Ont.), 2009)
This paper explores citizenship education in Egypt in the context of its current experience in liberal democratic change, especially after the amendment of Egypt's constitution, in March 2007, to include the principle of citizenship in its first article. The paper begins with exploring the meaning of citizenship, the relationship between citizenship and liberal democratic change and the emergence of citizenship education in traditional western democracies. Then it describes the Egyptian case in citizenship education with reference to its modern historical background. Finally it analyzes the effects of political, economic, and social circumstances in Egypt on citizenship education. The study shows that there is awareness of the importance of preparing good citizens for a new democratic society in Egypt; but citizenship education is still marginalized. Cet article explore l’enseignement de la citoyenneté en Egypte lors du changement démocratique libéral survenu après l’amendement de la Constitution égyptienne en mars 2007 qui a inclus les principes de la citoyenneté dans son premier article. Cet article commence tout d’abord par explorer ce que citoyenneté veut dire. Il cherche ensuite à analyser la relation qui existe entre citoyenneté et changement démocratique libéral et enfin à examiner l’émergence de l’enseignement dans les démocraties occidentales traditionnelles. Il décrit par la suite le cas de l’enseignement de la citoyenneté en Egypte tout en se basant sur ses origines historiques modernes. Il analyse enfin l’influence des circonstances politiques, économiques et sociales égyptiennes sur l’éducation de la citoyenneté. Cette étude démontre l’existence d’une réelle conscience quant à l’importance de préparer de bons citoyens pour l’avenir de la nouvelle société égyptienne, bien que cette éducation soit encore très marginalisée.
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Recent explosive eruptions in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, Tanzania - Fontijn, Karen; Ernst, Gérald; Elburg, Marlina; Mbede, Evelyne; Jacobs, Patric (2009)
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Persistence of African-American male community college students in engineering - Freeman, Terrence L.; Huggans, Marcus A. (2009)
The twenty-first century will be dominated by technological change as the United States competes in an increasingly interdependent world. If the United States is to maintain its technological leadership, an inclusive engineering education is required. Engineering impacts many important aspects of day-to-day life from the environment to national security and half of our graduate degrees in engineering are granted to foreign nationals. While this influx of creative talent enriches the academic community, the underutilization of domestic talent threatens the engineering enterprise with professional shortages in university classrooms, research facilities, and corporate boardrooms. We are simultaneously challenged with addressing the shrinking pool of African-American males in higher education. The challenge is daunting but not insurmountable. Many African-American students have aspirations for engineering without the preparation and the community college is well suited to provide the bridge between aspiration and accomplishment. Community colleges serve 46% of all African-American students in higher education and there are exemplary programs that have tapped the underdeveloped resources in the African-American community. One example is the Emerson Minority Engineering Scholarship Program. By utilizing best practices, this program has helped to increase the pool of African-American engineers by providing opportunities to students who may have made other academic choices. This paper reviews persistence literature and discusses the challenges and strategies in developing a community college-based minority engineering program.
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The feasibility of developing a risk assessment for the impact of climate change on the emergence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock in Europe: a Review - Gale, P.; Estrada-Peña, Agustı́n; Martínez, María José Martínez; Ulrich, Rainer G.; Wilson, Anthony J.; Capelli, Gioia; Phipps, Paul; Torre, Ana de la; Muñoz, Mario; Dottori, M.; Mioulet, Valérie; Fooks, Anthony R. (Journal of applied microbiology (Print), 2009)
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is one of the most widespread of all medically important arboviruses with ticks of the Hyalomma spp. serving as the main vectors. Infection of livestock by CCHFV serves as a route of exposure to humans, as a reservoir of disease and as a route of importation. This study discusses the pathways and data requirements for a qualitative risk assessment for the emergence of CCHFV in livestock in Europe. A risk map approach is proposed based on layers that include the potential routes of release (e.g. by migrating birds carrying infected ticks) together with the main components for exposure, namely the distributions of the tick vectors, the small vertebrate host reservoirs and the livestock. A layer on landscape fragmentation serves as a surrogate for proximity of livestock to the tick cycle. Although the impact of climate change on the emergence of CCHF is not clear, comparing the distribution of risk factors in each layer currently with those predicted in the 2080s with climate change can be used to speculate how potential high-risk areas may shift. According to the risk pathway, transstadial and/or transovarial transmission in the tick vector are crucial for CCHFV spread. Vector competence and tick vector switching, however, remain critical factors for CCHFV colonization of new regions in Europe. The species of migratory bird is also an important consideration in the release assessment with greater abundance and biodiversity of ground-dwelling birds in southern Europe than in northern Europe.
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Educating and Training Accountants in Syria in a Transition Context: Perceptions of Accounting Academics and Professional Accountants - Gallhofer, Sonja; Haslam, Jim; Kamla, Rania (Accounting Education, 2009)
This study focuses on accounting education in the Syrian transition context and in the international context of globalization. It offers insights into accounting education and into the interrelationship in this respect between the accountancy profession and academia in this context. We elaborate an historical and contextual analysis of the Syrian context in relation to accounting education. We report on a series of interviews (conducted in 2002 and 2005) of professional accountants and accounting academics in Syria that elaborates the views of these key parties on a number of interrelated matters: the current limitations of tertiary accounting education in Syria; the role of the accountancy profession in providing education and training; and the developing interrelationship between the profession and academia. In concluding, we summarize some key insights and elaborate on the relevance of the study and the future research it suggests.
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Climate change impacts on groundwater recharge in semi-arid Uganda and the role of groundwater in livelihood adaptation and peacebuilding. - Gavigan, J.; Mackay, R.; Cuthbert, Mark O. (IAHS-AISH publication, 2009)
Simulations of groundwater recharge in northeastern Uganda reproduce observed groundwater level fluctuations and provide estimates of recharge ranging from 140 mm·year -1 in Teso to 30 mm·year -1 in Karamoja. Simulations and available data strongly suggest that recharge occurs predominantly through indirect or localised mechanisms. If so, the impacts of higher air temperatures as a result of climate change may be more than offset by the projected increases in precipitation leading to a net increase in the available groundwater resources. Adaptive strategies to climate change in northeastern Uganda will likely depend on groundwater use if current environmental and socio-political trends continue. Further research is essential to confirm the mechanisms of recharge in these regions and sustainability of development activities relying upon groundwater. Given the role of natural resources within the current conflict dynamics, groundwater science may have a significant role to play in peacebuilding within this region for years to come.
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Differential thinning and small scale convection during formation of non-volcanic conjugate Morocco - Nova Scotia passive margins: Insights from thermo-mechanical modeling - Gouiza, Mohamed; Huismans, Ritske S.; Bertotti, G. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Teacher motivation and how it affects the academic performance of students in Kesses Division, Wareng District Kenya - Grace, Kiptanui Jerotich (2009)
Research report presented to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award degree bachelor of Education of Kampala International University
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Education for democracy: Using the classroom community of inquiry to develop habits of reflective judgement in South African schools - Green, Lena (Thinking Skills and Creativity, 2009)
This paper reports on an initiative to introduce, not the Philosophy for Children (P4C) programme itself, but its principles and some of its practices, into South African schools. The paper points out the conceptual links between P4C and the understanding of human development that underpins the new South African curriculum, and provides a brief review of the current context of education in South Africa. Thereafter it explains briefly why it was necessary to create new materials rather than simply using the original P4C stories and manuals. This is followed by a description of the new materials together with some illustrative extracts. Finally the paper gives an account of efforts to obtain empirical evidence regarding the impact of the materials and indicates possible future developments.
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Perceptions of curriculum innovation among educators in South African dental schools - an explorative study - Gugushe, Tshepo Sipho (2009)
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Inclusion of children with special educational needs in mainstream schools in Ghana: influence of teachers’ and children’s characteristics - Gyimah, Emmanuel Kofi; Sugden, David; Pearson, Sue (International Journal of Inclusive Education, 2009)
Abstract The issue of where to teach children with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities has been a great concern as countries respond to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Salamanca Statement on inclusion of 1994. In this study, the responses of 500 trained and untrained mainstream primary school teachers selected from three of the ten regions of Ghana were analysed to investigate their attitudes to including children with SEN and disabilities in mainstream schools in Ghana. These attitudes were examined alongside teachers’ characteristics such as gender, age, length and level of teaching experience, and knowledge of SEN, and also the type, nature and degree of children’s SEN. The results showed that teachers in Ghana were positive towards the inclusion of children with SEN and disabilities with a few reservations which are elaborated. On the basis of the findings, conclusions were drawn that the inclusion agenda should be subject to national and local interpretation, aimed at ensuring that policies and regulations on SEN are fashioned to meet local situations and standards. Keywords: inclusiondisabilityteachers’ attitudesmainstreamspecial educational needssegregationGhanaSalamanca statement Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the participating teachers and authorities of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports in Ghana for granting permission for the research to be carried out in selected schools in the country.
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Regional climate change projections over southern Africa: Benefits of a high resolution climate change simulation - Haensler, Andreas; Hagemann, Stefan; Jacob, Daniela (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Effect of c-myc on the ultrastructural structure of cochleae in guinea pigs with noise induced hearing loss - Han, Yu; Zhong, Cuiping; Hong, Liu; Wang, Ye; Qiao, Li; Qiu, Jianhua (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2009)
Noise over-stimulation may induce hair cells loss and hearing deficit. The c-myc oncogene is a major regulator for cell proliferation, growth, and apoptosis. However, the role of this gene in the mammalian cochlea is still unclear. The study was designed to firstly investigate its function under noise condition, from the aspect of cochlear ultrastructural changes. We had established the adenoviral vector of c-myc gene and delivered the adenovirus suspension into the scala tympani of guinea pigs 4 days before noise exposure. The empty adenoviral vectors were injected as control. Then, all subjects were exposed to 4-kHz octave-band noise at 110dB SPL for 8h/day, 3 days consecutively. Auditory thresholds were assessed by auditory brainstem response, prior to and 7 days following noise exposure. On the seventh days after noise exposure, the cochlear sensory epithelia surface was observed microscopically and the cochleae were taken to study the ultrastructural changes. The results indicated that auditory threshold shift after noise exposure was higher in the ears treated with Ad.EGFP than that treated with Ad.c-myc-EGFP. Stereocilia loss and the disarrangement of outer hair cells were observed, with greater changes found in the Ad.EGFP group. Also, the ultrastructure changes were severe in the Ad.EGFP group, but not obvious in the Ad.c-myc-EGFP group. Therefore, c-myc gene might play an unexpected role in hearing functional and morphological protection from acoustic trauma.
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Degassing from a Mafic Alkaline Shield Volcano: Nyamulagira, D.R. Congo - Head, Elisabet; Carn, S. A.; Sims, K. W.; Shaw, A. M.; Wallace, Paul; Maclean, Alan M. (AGUFM, 2009)
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Climate change and poverty in Africa - Hope, Kempe Ronald (International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 2009)
Africa is most vulnerable to climate change, although it makes the least contribution to factors that result in global and regional climatic changes. High levels of vulnerability and low adaptive capacity across the continent have been linked to, among other things, poverty. This paper discusses and analyses the relationship between climate change and poverty in Africa. It investigates the relationship between climate change and poverty patterns in Africa, analyses the resultant impact, and discusses potential adaptation policies for moderating the consequences of climatic changes on poverty in the region. The record shows that climate change is happening. What is not discussed or is little researched is the potential devastating impact of climate change on socio-economic development in Africa and the policy measures available to the continent for adaptation.
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Late Quaternary climate and landscape changes in Southern Africa based on integrative analyses of geoarchives - Huerkamp, K.; Voelkel, J.; Heine, Klaus; Bens, Oliver; Winkelbauer, Jennifer (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Investigation of the genetic aetiology of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in South African populations - Human, H.J. (2009)
Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Molecular Biology and Human Genetics))–University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
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Teachers' perspectives of mental health needs in Nigerian schools - Ibeziako, Patricia; Bella, Tolulope; Omigbodun, Olayinka; Belfer, Myron L. (Journal of child and adolescent mental health (Print), 2009)
Objective: This study assessed teachers' perspectives on children's mental health needs and the development of school-based mental health programmes in South-West Nigeria. Method: Focus group discussions were held with teachers from randomly selected urban and rural primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Teachers identified significant mental health problems in school-age children and described a variety of bio-psychosocial contributing factors. These ranged from problems with primary support systems to poverty, spiritual factors, medical illnesses and genetic vulnerability. The school environment was recognised as an ideal place for dealing with child mental health issues despite deficiencies in teachers' knowledge, skills and resources. A school mental health programme that would provide training for teachers and awareness campaigns as well as human, material and financial resources was proposed. Conclusions: The findings from this study provide a background for understanding the current state of interventions to address child mental health problems in a resource poor country in sub- Saharan Africa and specific areas where future program development is most likely to have an impact.
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Parent/school interface: current communication practices and their implication for Somali parents - Ibrahim, Hassan Haji; Small, David B.; Grimley, Michael (New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 2009)
openalex: W2268934186 mag: 2268934186
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DISTANCE LEARNING IN NIGERIA AND THE ROLE OF THE VIRTUAL LIBRARY - Idiegbeyan-Ose, Jerome; Akpoghome, Theresa U. (2009)
This paper discusses distance learning in Nigeria and the role of the virtual library. Literatures were reviewed from similar studies. The history of distance learning and the impact of technology on higher education were discussed. The paper also looked at the role of libraries in providing a variety of services, resources and technology needed to support this steadily growing facet of the academic institution. It also examined the virtual library as a critical element in distance learning education. The advantages and problems of distance learning programmes and the place of virtual library in solving these problems were a/so discussed. It was found that virtual library plays an important role in distance learning education and based on these findings, recommendations were made.
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‘Growing’ education in difficult environments promoting problem solving: a case from Palestine - Jabr, Dua (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2009)
This paper presents a collaborative educational experiment ‘The Death of the Dead Sea: A Problem Based Learning’ that was applied in two governmental high schools in Ramallah, Palestine in the school year 2006–2007. The students' role was to raise awareness to the phenomenon of the saltiest lake that shrinks towards extinction. In spite of the enormous challenges in Palestine, the project was achieved successfully. Students learned cooperatively to fully understand the problem, its causes, consequences and possible solutions. The learning process oriented learners toward meaning‐making over fact‐collecting. They expressed their own views and opinions in creative modes and outcomes and celebrated their work in an exhibition that illustrated the problem to other students, teachers and to the local community.
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