Studies on the quality of the waters of Morocco and training in environmental geochemistry - Wartiti, M. El; Bahaj, Tarik; Saddiki, Naima; Malaki, Amina Al; Caboi, Rafaele (IAHS-AISH publication, 2009)
The collaboration of the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Cagliari, Italy, with the Ministry of Energy and Mines of the Reign of Morocco initially, and later with the University Mohammed V of Rabat-Agdal, started in the mid 1990s. The objective of the collaboration project was two-fold: (i) the hydrogeochemical characterisation of the qualities of Morocco's surface and groundwaters, and (ii) the training of technicians and researchers in Environmental Geochemistry, in particular in the protection of water resources. Morocco faces a serious challenge in terms of water resources management over the near-and medium-terms, both in terms of quantity and quality. The Sebou River basin holds 30% of the country's surface water resources and 20% of its underground water. Although it represents only 6% of the total land area of Morocco, 18% of the country's population live in the basin. It is therefore very densely populated and polluted. The basin is very rich in water resources, agricultural land and forest reserves, with the Middle Atlas as its highlight. It also has great tourism and economic potentials and contains some major economic hubs, such as Fes, Meknes and Kenitra. All of these activities result in significant wastewater discharges from household, industrial and agricultural sources. In the catchment of Oued Sebou, the most important watercourse of northern Morocco, the Sebou River is the primary source of water for a variety of purposes (i.e. drinking, agriculture, industry, recreation). However, it receives waste from vast rural areas and several large cities along its banks. We analysed different physico-chemical parameters to determine the level of pollution of the Sebou River basin. The results indicate that sites located close to the most urbanized and industrialized areas are severely impaired. This often condemns tens of kilometres of the Sebou and leads to a threat and an important handicap for some reaches of water located downstream of the towns of Fes and Meknes. At times the groundwater presents anomalous values which can be attributed to the fertiliser and antiparasite compounds used in agriculture, in the case of NO 3 and some metals (Cu, Hg).
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An empirical investigation on private returns to education in Kenya - Warugongo, John N (2009)
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Somalis Express Frustration with Lewiston Schools - Washuk, Bonnie (2009)
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Leadership Challenges for Higher Education in Southern Africa - Watson, Pam; Motala, Enver; Kotecha, Piyushi (2009)
The Southern African Regional Universities Association (SARUA) research published in 'Towards a common future: higher education in the SADC region' presents findings from the following studies: A profile of higher education in the region; Higher education funding frameworks in SADC; The state of public science in the SADC region; University-firm interaction in the region. The research highlights a range of development areas not only directed at higher education institutions but also at the environment within which these higher education institutions function and towards which they are required to contribute. This brief publication takes these issues forward by identifying, from the research conducted, 20 specific leadership challenges for higher education in the South African Development Community (SADC) region.
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The January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC) captured by InSAR - Wauthier, C.; Cayol, W.; Kervyn, F.; d’Oreye, Nicolas (2009)
On 17 th January 2002, Nyiragongo erupted along an approximately 20 km long fracture network extending from the volcano to the city of Goma and its airport. The event was captured by InSAR data from the ERS-2 and RADARSAT-1 satellites acquired in three different geometries. These data show complex ground displacements, with several overlapping fringe patterns, associated to a combination of sources of magmatic and tectonics origins. A combination of 3D numerical modeling and inversions is used in order to interpret these displacements. Synthetic tests indicate that with one to three INSAR geometries, the best fit and mean models are within the confidence intervals whether the source of displacements is a single dike, a dike combined with a west dipping normal fault or a dike combined with an ellipsoid. Increasing the number of InSAR geometries makes the confidence intervals smaller and the inversions faster. At this stage of the study, only the area close to the eruptive fissures was analyzed assuming displacements were caused by a single dike. The best-fit dike model obtained with a simultaneous inversion of the three InSAR geometries is subvertical, and has a low overpressure. Both characteristics are consistent with the rift context.
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Should issues of sexuality and HIV and AIDS be a rehabilitation concern? The voices of young South Africans with physical disabilities - Wazakili, Margaret; Mpofu, Ratie; Devlieger, Patrick (Disability and Rehabilitation, 2009)
Purpose. Although rehabilitation is an integral part of the lives of many young people with physical disabilities, sexuality education and HIV and AIDS prevention services are not. The purpose of this study was to record the voices of disabled young people regarding their experiences of sexuality and HIV and AIDS and to determine the role of rehabilitation professionals in this regard.Methods. Sixteen young people with physical disabilities, aged 15–24 years participated in the study. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with each participant, followed by focus group discussions comprising four to six participants. Responses were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Textual and contextual features of the Atlas.ti computer programme were used to support the thematic analysis of the data.Results. The results indicated that most participants had received some form of rehabilitation for their physical impairment, yet sexuality and HIV and AIDS matters were not part of the rehabilitation process. Although the majority were aware of sexuality and HIV and AIDS issues, their limited factual knowledge did not persuade them to change their sexual behaviour or take preventive measures against contracting HIV infection.Conclusion. Rehabilitation professionals need to widen their scope of practice to include the promotion of good sexual and reproductive health for disabled young people.
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Serving Students: A Conversation with Chad H. Webb - Webb, Chad H.; Alford, Kenneth L. (Religious Educator: Perspectives on the Restored Gospel, 2009)
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Final report project Overcoming magnesium deficiency in oil palm crops on volcanic ash soils of Papua New Guinea - Webb, Michael J.; Berthelsen, S.; Nelson, Paul N.; Rees, Harm van; Keerthisinghe, G. (2009)
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Sanctioning, Clientelism and Politicization: The Impact of Ethnicity on Primary and Secondary Education in Africa - Weber, Anke (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
Ethnic diversity is widely assumed to negatively affect a country’s education outcomes. Yet, comprehensive explanations for this link are still missing. This paper combines the existing theory of the sanctioning ability of villages with general theories on clientelism and politicized ethnicity. The theories are tested using a novel dataset of district level school enrollment in 31 African countries in combination with newly coded indicators for district ethnic diversity, district shares of presidents’ co-ethnics and existing ethnic parties. Estimating a hierarchical model supports the sanctioning and clientelism theory and provides first evidence for a positive effect of ethnic parties on enrollment. Low-income countries with weak institutions benefit significantly from the existence of ethnic parties by an increase in enrollment of over 30 percent. Moreover, nation building policies targeted at uniting diverse populations are not found to provide a cure to the ethnic diversity problem.
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PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPUTER CLASSES INITIATIVE FOR AFRICA (PSCCI) - Weichselbaum, I. (INTED2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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Overview of the NEPAD e-school initiative in the promotion of community health literacy in African schools - Were, Edwin (2009)
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The introduction of problem based learning in Hospitality Management at the Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa - Wet, Magrieta Aletta De (Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, 2009)
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a learner-centred strategy that can be used to achieve the objectives of Outcomes Based Education (OBE). The Hospitality management program has no evidence of a fixed learner-centred didactic approach such as PBL, E-learning or Resource-based learning (RBL). In considering PBL, we raised questions: Why PBL? To what extent are staff and learners prepared for PBL? What are the characteristics of the curriculum when implementing PBL etc? This paper highlights these and other questions. The outcome shows that principles of PBL are extremely applicable to Hospitality but that timetabling within the program is a concern.
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Newspapers' portrayal of school violence in South Africa - Wet, NC De (Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 2009)
This article reports on findings from a qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles on school violence that was published from June to September 2008, in South Africa. The presentation of the findings is divided into five categories. Identified themes are discussed and supported by direct quotations from the newspaper articles, as well as by references to the literature. The newspaper articles paint a grim picture of learners, educators and parents as perpetrators of school violence. Some of the victims - learners and educators - are described in a sensitive way, while others remain faceless. The analysis also sheds light on the pervasiveness of the problem. Individual, educational, as well as social causes of school violence were identified. The content analysis also revealed two approaches to violence prevention, namely punitive and security measures.
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Management accounting as a tool to measure the viability of performance management for the acedemia [sic] in higher education in South Africa - Weyers, Ana Cristina Gonçalves (2009)
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Coffy, YouTube, and Uncle Ben: The Use of Film and New Media in the Teaching of African American Studies at the University of Hawai'i. - White, Elisa Joy (Educational Perspectives, 2009)
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An exploratory study: school social workers' perceptions of effective truancy interventions for African American high school students - White, Garrick (2009)
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Up Close and Personal: Using Narrative Inquiry to Examine Persistence Strategies of Non-Traditional African American Women Students on a Traditionally Oriented University Campus. - White, Sharon Lee (2009)
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Why is the choice of the language of instruction in which students learn best seldom made? A closer look at results from LOITASA project in Tanzania - Wilhite, Zehlia Babaci (2009)
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Stress, coping behaviour and the psychological well–being of a group of South African teachers : the SABPA study - Willers, Marilize (2009)
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The Perceptions of School Psychologists in a Southern District Regarding Response to Intervention's Possible Impact on the Disproportionate Representation of African American Student in Special Education - Williams-McCray, Tiffany Nicole (2009)
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Doctors and Imams: Investigating the Integrated Schools of Mombasa, Kenya - Williams, Beth Ann (2009)
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E-Granary, digital literacy, and the identities of Ugandan students - Williams, Carrie-Jane (2009)
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E-Granary, digital literacy, and the identities of Ugandan students - Williams, Carrie-Jane (2009)
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The choice for public school: An investigation into the failure of low -income African-American parents to utilize school vouchers in the Cleveland School District - Williams, Clark; Marie, Sylvia (2009)
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British Colonial Education in Africa: Policy and Practice in the Era of Trusteeship - Windel, Aaron (History Compass, 2009)
Abstract Historians continue to debate the role of the colonial state in the history of Africa and whether and how the state addressed problems of social welfare. In the early twentieth century, plans for Native Education were central to the construed mission of the state to serve as “Trustees for native peoples.” This article surveys the theories, aims, and practice of British education in Africa, focusing on the period between WWI and WWII when the colonial state took an unprecedented role in crafting an education policy for the whole of its African territory. It examines the role of American philanthropy, the controversy of English vs. vernacular language education, the relationship between settler communities and African labor, and African and metropolitan social movements in forming and executing education policy.
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From Crisis to Reconciliation - Effects of Conflict Trainings and Trauma Therapies in Norther Uganda - Winkler, Nina; Ruf, Martina; Pfeiffer, Anett; Ertl, Verena; Elbert, Thomas (2009)
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An Exploratory Study of Race and Religion in the Emotional Experience of African-American Female Teachers - Winograd, Ken (2009)
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Literacy and Numeracy in Faith-Based and Government Schools in Sierra Leone - Wodon, Quentin; Ying, Yvonne (MPRA Paper, 2009)
This paper provides a comparative assessment of the market share, reach to the poor, and performance of faith-based and public schools in Sierra Leone using data from the 2004 Integrated Household Survey. One-third of primary school students attend government schools and more than half are in faith-based government-assisted schools. Faith-based schools tend to serve children who live in poverty more than public schools, and after controlling for student and household characteristics and school choice, they also perform slightly better than public schools.
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Community College Model: Desideratum in the South African Higher Education Landscape - Wolhuter, Charl C. (2009)
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Addressing the discipline problem in South African schools by increasing the supply of social capital in society: a position paper - Wolhuter, Charl C.; Potgieter, Ferdinand J.; Walt, J.L. Van der (2009)
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Gender differences in South African educators' experience and handling of learner discipline problems at schools - Wolhuter, Charl C.; Staden, J.G. Van (2009)
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The influence of health education on the prevalence, intensity and morbidity of Schistosoma haematobium infections in children over a two-year period in the Limpopo Province, South Africa - Wolmarans, C. T.; Kock, K. N. de (The Southern African journal of epidemiology & infection, 2009)
The infuence of health education on the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infections, as well as on the related morbidity, was studied in schoolchildren between the ages of 4 and 14. Three groups of children were selected for this investigation. The 67 children in the experimental group received chemotherapy before health education was implemented, as well as when they got re-infected during the study. Health education was presented in mother tongue by means of a puppet show. The 99 children in one of the control groups received treatment only after the study while the 80 children in the remaining control group were treated as those in the experimental group, except that no intervention by means of education was applied. Health education, parasitological screens and snail surveys were done during the rainy, cold-dry and hot-dry seasons between 2004 and 2006. The prevalence and intensity of infection, as well as the morbidity (degree of haematuria) due to the infections, were determined after the urine samples, collected from each child, were screened. Signifcant differences (p<0.05) were found between the initial prevalence of infection (100%) and all the values recorded from survey 2 to survey 7. With regard to the intensity of infection, signifcant differences were found in all cases between the experimental and the treated control groups except in the heavy category (p=0.84). Statistical comparisons between the mean percentages calculated for corresponding categories of haematuria between the different groups revealed signifcant differences in all cases except between the experimental and treated control groups in the heavy category (3+) of haematuria.
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THE IMPACT OF URBAN STORM WATER RUNOFF AND DOMESTIC WASTE EFFLUENT ON WATER QUALITY OF LAKE TANA AND LOCAL GROUNDWATER NEAR THE CITY OF BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA - Wondie, Tenagne Addisu (2009)
In urban areas, the main task of town planners and engineers is providing drainage structures to prevent flooding. Recently the effect of these drainage structures on water quality has become a concern. However, little is known about the magnitude of the pollution. There fore the objective of this study is to characterize pollution loads from one Ethiopian urban area, Bahir Dar, on the southern end of Lake Tana which is experiencing dramatic expansion. In particular this research measured the quantity and quality of storm runoff and ground water. To determine the pollutant concentration and its effect on the quality of ground water, three shallow wells were installed. Urban storm water runoffs at six storm drains, which empty to Lake Tana, were instrumented for discharge and water quality measurements. The quality parameters considered were the total coliform, dissolved oxygen, total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), pH, and conductivity. Three-rainfall event samples were taken in each month during rainy season (July, August, September and October) for a total of 9 rainfall events. Magnitude of pollutant load concentration flowing in to Lake Tana during low and high storm flow and contributions to groundwater were determined. In addition low flow characteristics (base flow) was determined once in a month. The results indicate that the water quality parameters like total nitrogen; total phosphorus and total suspended solids are found to be high with an average concentration load of 22.8mg/l, 0.46mg/l and 365mg/l respectively. The average concentration for dissolved solid, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen COD, and total coliform are178mg/l, 338μ/cm, 2.8mg/l, and 3.28mg/l and169coli/100ml respectively. From the six sub watersheds assessed in this study, the sub watershed that drains the hotel discharge (station-5) had the elevated concentration for all pollutant except dissolved oxygen. All runoff concentration means found in this study area except the mean recorded for chemical oxygen demand, are higher than the means found in the data base for North American cities (CDM and NURP) and it shows that the Bahir Dar storm water runoff pollutant load is in excess of the North
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Striking a Balance Policy Briefing Papers: 5. Wetland Use as an Adaptive Response to Climate Change in E & S Africa: Sustainable Wetland Management & the Functional Landscape Approach - Wood, Alison; Dixon, Alan (2009)
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Post conflict provision of water supply, sanitation and hygiene education: the case of Southern Sudan - Wood, Michael; Mahal, Peter (2009)
This paper will critically assess how the GoSS is tackling the challenge of providing improved water supplies and sanitation and hygiene awareness both through funding mechanisms such as the Multi Donor Trust Fund for Southern Sudan and from funding through other donors like USAID and the European Union. The paper will look at how the $86m MDTF is being implemented and the drawbacks that this funding mechanism is facing.
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Pathways through early childhood education in Ethiopia, India and Peru: Rights, equity and diversity. Young Lives Working Paper 54 - Woodhead, Martin (2009)
The potential of quality early childhood and primary education to help break inter-generational poverty cycles is widely recognised. My focus is on how far this potential is being translated into reality, through implementing positive early childhood policies in practice. The paper summarises evidence from Young Lives research into early transitions, based on both survey and in-depth qualitative research with 2,000 Young Lives younger cohort children in Ethiopia, Andhra Pradesh (India) and Peru. Primary education is still being consolidated in Ethiopia, and pre-school is a minority urban experience, mainly offered by the private sector. Peru offers a very different story, with a well-established government primary and pre-school system but concerns about quality and coordination between sectors. Andhra Pradesh offers the most complex set of challenges, with a long-established government system of ECCE, but an increasing trend towards use of private services, including amongst the poorest communities. The paper offers five broad conclusions, about the importance of: ensuring quality and equity in early education; better coordinated pre-school and school systems; targeting the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children; recognising the full range of equity issues; and ensuring more effective governance, including governance of the private sector.
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Equity and quality? : challenges for early childhood and primary education in Ethiopia, India and Peru - Woodhead, Martin; Ames, Patricia; Vennam, Uma; Abebe, Workneh; Streuli, Natalia (2009)
Part of the Studies in Early Transitions series, this Working Paper draws on interviews and observations carried out as part of Young Lives, a 15-year longitudinal study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam based at the University of Oxford’s Department of International Development. This paper focuses on the challenges of translating into practice the potential of quality early childhood care and education to transform young lives. These include building a positive equity agenda, setting clear policy objectives, raising quality standards, building the skills and motivation of teachers, and recognising where equity goals can be incompatible with a market-led private system. The paper asks which children do and do not have access to an early childhood programme, and explores children’s and parents’ views about the quality of what is on offer.
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Working Paper 55. Equity and Quality? Challenges for Early Childhood and Primary Education in Ethiopia, India and Peru. - Woodhead, Martin; Ames, Patricia; Vennam, Uma; Abebe, Workneh; Streuli, Natalia (2009)
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Learning to Listen, Learning to Be: African-American Girls and Hip-Hop at a Durham, NC Boys and Girls Club - Woodruff, Jennifer A. (2009)
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Malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections in school children of Gondar, North West Ethiopia. - Worku, Netsanet; Erko, Berhanu; Torben, Workineh; Belay, Mulugeta; Kasssu, Afework; Fetene, Teshome; Huruy, Kahsay (PubMed, 2009)
In developing countries, malnutrition is a considerable health problem with prevalence ranges of 4-46%, with 1-10% severely malnourished.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal parasitoses and identify risk factors of malnutrition in schoolchildren.A cross-sectional study was carried out on 322 schoolchildren, of age 6 to 14 years, attending private and government primary schools, in Gonder town, North West Ethiopia. The study was conducted from December 2006 to February 2007. Nutritional status of these children was determined using anthropometric parameters (weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height). Epi Info 2000 software was used to evaluate anthropometric results of each individual and formol-ether concentration technique was employed to identify parasites.The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and intestinal parasitoses was 34.8%, 27%, 50% and 55.6%, respectively. Parasites encountered during the study were Ascaris lumbricoides (17.8%), Trichuiris trichiura (3.4%), hookworm (4.3%), Giardia lamblia (9%), Entamoeba histolytica (2.1%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.4%), Hymenolepis nana (4.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.31%), respectively, in single infections. Only two cases of Strongyloides stercoralis was found in multiple infections and none in single infections. The prevalence of multiple parasitoses was 10.9%. Maternal literacy status, sex and age of the child were significantly associated with malnutrition (p < 0.05).Even though chronic type of malnutrition (stunting) was decreasing, indicators of acute type of malnutrition were increasing at a higher rate in the area. Implementation of maternal education and school feeding programs, avoidance of students from getting in contact with waste and river water were recommended to avoid malnutrition and intestinal parasitoses in children of the study area.
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PROMOTING UNDERUTILIZED FOOD PLANT SPECIES FOR FOOD SECURITY IN ETHIOPIA: A RESEARCH-BASED TRAINING PROGRAMME - Woube, M. (Acta horticulturae, 2009)
Underutilized food plant species are indispensable for food and nutrition security and will have a greater potential for income generation and environmental services. Despite the availability of abundant food plants, food insecurity remains a persistent problem in Ethiopia. Evidently, drought and abnormal floods exacerbate the food insecurity situations but neglect of local knowledge is believed to be one of the root causes of food insecurity in the country where high quality food plant species are underutilized and mismanaged. Thus, Biodifood Association (BDFA) aims at enhancing food security and improved livelihood through research-based practical training on demonstration plots applying participatory method. Promoting the conservation and sustainable utilization of underutilized food plant species are among the components of strategies to maintain biodiversity and fight food insecurity in the country. The paper presents plans for community-based plant collection and adaptation, utilization and practical training methods, short and long-term strategies, and the progress made in this program.
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Students', teachers', and parents' perspectives of an African centered program: Ile Omode - Wright, Tiffany S. (2009)
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On the History and the Current Situation of Female Basic Education in Kenya - Xiu-lan, Wan (Studies in Foreign Education, 2009)
Under the interaction of the patriarchy,racism and economic structure,the subordinative status of women in Kenya restricted their rate of participation in education during colonial period. After the Independency,accelerated by international and national related notions and policies,the female basic education in Kenya has importantly developed, but still distinctly drops behind Kenyan male education on such aspect as enrolment rate,graduation rate,and rate of participation in scientific curriculum. The reasons consist in the whole lowness of Kenyan development level,which behaves in ways of economic basis,policy management, ideology,custom,and educational traditions,etc..
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Aftershock activity of an M2.1 earthquake in a deep South African gold mine observed by a high frequency seismic network - Yabe, Yasuo; Naoi, Makoto; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Philipp, Joachim; Plenkers, Katrin; Nakatani, Masao; Igarashi, Toshihiro (2009)
Objective Overview of our observation Aftershock activity of an M2.1 earthquake. spatial distribution temporal decay Conclusions
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Rough Set Analysis for Sudan School Certificate - Yahia, Moawia Elfaki; Arabi, Nasrin Dalil (2009)
This paper has applied the decision analysis of the rough set theory to see the affect of each factor in the result of the Sudan School Certificate Examination. Through the analysis, we have compared between the percentage of success in male and female, and we have tried to answer which type of schools has the biggest number of examined students and which state in Sudan has the highest concentration of examined students. To answer these questions and to achieve good results, the paper has applied the concepts of reduction and rule generation.
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An Appraisal of the Objectives of Health Education Programme in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Way Forward in the 21st Centuray - Yakubu, Kajang Gorah (2009)
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‘Traditions’ and cultural production: character training at the Achimota School in colonial Ghana - Yamada, Shoko (History of Education, 2009)
This paper investigates the educational philosophy and practices of Achimota School, which was established in the Gold Coast Colony (the southern part of today’s Ghana) in 1927 as the governmental model school for leadership education. Achimota’s education aimed to develop leaders who were ‘Western in intellectual attitude’, ‘African in sympathy’. To fulfil this objective, Achimota attempted to develop a curriculum that took into account the sociocultural background of African students while trying to provide an education on a par with that available at English public schools. The paper first examines the discourse surrounding the establishment of a model secondary school for African leadership, which involved diverse groups of people – colonial officials, missionaries, European educationists, traditional chiefs and African nationalists – and then reviews the relevant educational philosophies of the twentieth century. Finally, the paper describes the Achimota education as experienced by students, a mixed product of English public school tradition and ‘African tradition’. Regardless of the efforts to balance the two ‘traditions’, what was actually created was a new Achimota culture that selected essences from different ‘traditions’ and remoulded them for a novel purpose.
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Community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drought-resistant plants, Moringa spp., in semiarid regions in Madagascar and Uganda - Yamato, Masahide; Ikeda, Shōzō; Iwase, Koji (Mycoscience, 2009)
The community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots of drought-resistant trees, Moringa spp., was examined in semiarid regions in Madagascar and Uganda. Root samples were collected from 8 individuals of M. hildebrandtii and 2 individuals of M. drouhardii in Madagascar and from 21 individuals of M. oleifera in Uganda. Total DNA was extracted from the root samples, and partial nSSU rDNA of AM fungi was amplified using a universal eukaryotic primer NS31 and an AM fungalspecific primer AM1. The PCR products were cloned and divided by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with HinfI and RsaI. Some representatives in each RFLP types were sequenced, and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis was conducted for the obtained sequences with analogous sequences of AM fungi. The RFLP and phylogenetic analyses showed that AM fungi closely related to Glomus intraradices or G. sinuosum were detected in many samples. The AM fungal groups frequently detected in the Moringa spp. might be widely distributed species in semiarid environments.
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The Seismo-Volcanic Crisis on the Dabbahu Magmatic Segment,Afar Rift,Ethiopia - Yaregal; Yenealem; Gezahegn; Yirgu (地学前缘, 2009)
The Afar depression is located at the junction among Red sea,Gulf of Aden and the East African Rifts.Tectonic and magmatic activities in Northern Afar have localized to approximately 60 km long, seismically and volcanically active magmatic segments. In September 2005 a seismo-volcanic event of unprecedented scale and intensity took place along the Dabbahu magmatic segment.This activity ruptured
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Gender policy disjunction in education in Kenya: silence, spaces and the implications of vacuum - Yates, Chris (2009)
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Locus Of Control And Academic Achievement: A Study Of Gender And Grade Level Differences Among Low-Income African-American Students In A Middle School - Yates, Renea Maxine (2009)
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The Impact of Training on SME's Longevity in Mozambique - Yeh, Ron Chuen (2009)
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) employ more lab or-intensive production processes, make income distribution more equitable, provide simple opportunities for value-adding processing activitie s, making the rationale to support them a will to incr ease production, and technology transfer. A pertine nt question arises when it is asked to what extent we should rely on them in respect to period of operati on. Duration analysis, which is here, the study of long evity among SMEs in service and non-service that benefited from outsider-based capacity building (OB CB) in their first to third year of operation in Mozambique. The overriding research backbone guidin g this research asks if the life span behavior pattern SMEs in Mozambique track after engaging in OBCB follow traditional literature, whereby outsider-based guidance, company revenue, sharehold er funds, net profit have a significant impact on t he longevity of the enterprise? And if there is an imp act proffered by the number of employees an SME possess? And if SMEs don’t endure for longer period , how long is this time for cases in Mozambique?
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Correlates of condom use among sexually experienced secondary school male students in Nairobi, Kenya - Yotebieng, Marcel; Halpern, Carolyn Tucker; Mitchell, Ellen MH; Adimora, Ada A. (Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), 2009)
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Climate change impacts in Ethiopia hydro-economic modeling projections - You, Gene Jiing‐Yun; Ringler, Claudia (2009)
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The Case for Degree Completion: African American Transfer Students at a Traditionally White Institution - Younger, Toyia K. (2009)
Title of Document: THE CASE FOR DEGREE COMPLETION: AFRICAN AMERICAN TRANSFER STUDENTS AT A TRADITIONALLY WHITE INSTITUTION Toyia K. Younger, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Sharon Fries-Britt, Associate Professor Department of Education Leadership, Higher Education and International Education The purpose of this dissertation was to identify and understand the factors that contribute to the degree completion of African American transfer students at a traditionally White institution. Through qualitative methods and a case study design, the current study provides an examination of the educational journey of thirteen, African American recent college graduates. Using semi-structured individual interviews, data from the participants were collected, transcribed, and analyzed drawing from several major theoretical perspectives on college student persistence. Variables examined included interactions with faculty and with peers, racial experiences on campus, and support services offered to transfer students by the institution. Findings indicated that African American transfer students identified strong support networks, confidence in their ability to learn, intrinsic motivation and having clear educational goals as factors which contributed to their degree completion at a traditionally White institution. Implications for campus policies and practices, as well as recommendations for future research are presented.
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Geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from Chad basins,Africa. - Yu, Lu (Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009)
The boreholes exposed that,during Mesozoic-Cenozoic times,numerous basalts had erupted within Chad basins which are poorly documented.They are mainly olivine tholeiitic basalts,whereas quartz tholeiitic basalts and alkaline basalts are very scarce. Major- and trace elements as well as Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry studies exhibit that magmas which the basalts in Chad basins derived from were produced by fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene and had not do suffered from crustal contamination. These basalts are prominently enriched light rare earth elements(LREE),large-ion lithophile elements(LILE) and high field strength elements(HFSE),and have positive Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf anomalies.The late Cretaceous basalts have higher(~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr)_i ratios (0.704167～0.706564) than the Paleogene basalts(0.703545～0.705380),whereas have lower(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i ratios(0.512451～0.512703) than the latter(0.512690～0.512847).Thee_(Nd)(t) values of the late Cretaceous basalts have a wide range(-1.4～3.5) and evidently lower than those of the Paleogene basalts(2.6～5.6),but they have a analogical radiogenic Pb(~(206) pb/~(204) Pb = 18.14～18.96,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb = 15.56～15.62,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb =38.33～38.88).It is possible that the basalts from Chad basins mainly formed by mixing of depleted mantle(DM) and enriched mantle(EMII) sources and the parental melts were probably generated by high degree partial melting of garnet peridotite(15%).The mantle components with temporal change observed in basalts from Chad basins were probably correlated with the asthenospheric mantle upwelling and lithospheric thinning in Central and Western Africa since Mesozoic.
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The Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of Women Higher Education in Kenya - Yu, Xiaolin (Comparative Education Review, 2009)
The development of female Higher Education in Kenya mainly happens after the independency, but it has distinct problems such as disparity in female and male enrolment,major and institution distribution of female students,development environment as well as achievement of female students.The reasons behind include the problems in legislation systems,social economy and culture,basic education,college policies of admission,as well as design and teaching of science curriculum.Although many countermeasures have been put forward by Kenyan scholars,it still needs time for Kenyan government to implement them for various reasons.
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Accelerating catch-up tertiary education for growth in Sub-Saharan Africa - Yusuf, Shahid (2009)
The revival of economic growth across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the beginning of the millennium is a heartening development. Sustaining it over the indefinite future is not only a necessity, but also a challenge of the first order. The key to economic success in a globalized world lies increasingly in how effectively a country can assimilate the available knowledge and build comparative advantage in selected areas with good growth prospects. Increasing the relevance of tertiary education and research in Sub-Saharan Africa will enable the region to increase its comparative advantage by pushing the frontiers of technology through innovation, encourage the diversification of products and services, and maximize returns from capital assets through more efficient allocation and management. African countries have gone far in achieving high levels of literacy and raising primary enrollments. This progress is providing a foundation for future development. Now it is necessary to move quickly to acquire the higher-order skills and expertise that will allow African countries to add value in existing economic activities and enter new industries and services. [This publication] compellingly spells out the case for more knowledge-intensive growth and demands increasing attention to secondary and, most importantly, post-secondary education. It demonstrates why tertiary education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa must become better aligned with national economic development and poverty reduction strategies, and has identified the benefits likely to be associated with such a shift in perspective.
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Adaptation to climate change : a vulnerability assessment for Sudan - Zakieldeen, Sumaya (2009)
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Typology of Natural Hazards and Assessment of Associated Risks in the Mount Bambouto Caidera （Cameroon Line, West Cameroon） - Zangmo; Tefogoum; Ghislain; Kagou; Dongmo; Armand; Nkouathio; David, M; Guimolaire; Wandji; Pierre (地质学报：英文版, 2009)
Mount Bambouto is a polygenic stratovolcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line,built between 21 Ma and 4.5 Ma(Nkouathio et al.,2008).It is situated at about 200 km NE of mount Cameroon,at 09°55′and 10°15′East and,05°25′and 05°50′North.This volcano covers an area of 500 Km~2 and culminates at 2740 m at Meletan hill and bears a collapsed elliptical caldera at the summit(13×8 km).Mount Bambouto
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Turning to Africa: Politics and Student Resistance in Africa since 1968 - Zeilig, Leo (2009)
The year 1968 was the high-point of student unrest and politics for more than one continent. Despite a few honourable exceptions one of the problems with the huge amount of literature that poured out of the social movements in the late 1960s and 1970s was its significant Eurocentrism. The decade was also, in many ways, as important for student activists in Africa as it was in Europe and North America. Similarly, 1968 was a crucial year for student revolutionaries on the continent. In Senegal, in events that some have claimed predated the upheavals in France, students were central to the worst political crisis the president, Leopold Senghor, had faced since independence eight years previously. Forcing him to flee the capital and call in the French army to restore order, after only eight years of independence. This chapter looks explicitly at the nature of the student revolts in Africa in the late 1960s and 1970s. The chapter seeks to pull our attention away from Europe and North America, the privileged sites for discussing 1968, to focus on other voices that began to craft a new politics that year. The chapter argues that students at independence were pampered members of a privileged group who could expect state employment in the formal sectors after graduation, but the conditions of higher education on the continent changed quickly. It considers the nature of the student as a privileged political actor in the transformation of the modern world.
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Turning to Africa: Politics and Student Resistance in Africa since 1968 - Zeilig, Leo (2009)
The year 1968 was the high-point of student unrest and politics for more than one continent. Despite a few honourable exceptions one of the problems with the huge amount of literature that poured out of the social movements in the late 1960s and 1970s was its significant Eurocentrism. The decade was also, in many ways, as important for student activists in Africa as it was in Europe and North America. Similarly, 1968 was a crucial year for student revolutionaries on the continent. In Senegal, in events that some have claimed predated the upheavals in France, students were central to the worst political crisis the president, Leopold Senghor, had faced since independence eight years previously. Forcing him to flee the capital and call in the French army to restore order, after only eight years of independence. This chapter looks explicitly at the nature of the student revolts in Africa in the late 1960s and 1970s. The chapter seeks to pull our attention away from Europe and North America, the privileged sites for discussing 1968, to focus on other voices that began to craft a new politics that year. The chapter argues that students at independence were pampered members of a privileged group who could expect state employment in the formal sectors after graduation, but the conditions of higher education on the continent changed quickly. It considers the nature of the student as a privileged political actor in the transformation of the modern world.
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Turning to Africa: Politics and Student Resistance in Africa since 1968 - Zeilig, Leo (2009)
The year 1968 was the high-point of student unrest and politics for more than one continent. Despite a few honourable exceptions one of the problems with the huge amount of literature that poured out of the social movements in the late 1960s and 1970s was its significant Eurocentrism. The decade was also, in many ways, as important for student activists in Africa as it was in Europe and North America. Similarly, 1968 was a crucial year for student revolutionaries on the continent. In Senegal, in events that some have claimed predated the upheavals in France, students were central to the worst political crisis the president, Leopold Senghor, had faced since independence eight years previously. Forcing him to flee the capital and call in the French army to restore order, after only eight years of independence. This chapter looks explicitly at the nature of the student revolts in Africa in the late 1960s and 1970s. The chapter seeks to pull our attention away from Europe and North America, the privileged sites for discussing 1968, to focus on other voices that began to craft a new politics that year. The chapter argues that students at independence were pampered members of a privileged group who could expect state employment in the formal sectors after graduation, but the conditions of higher education on the continent changed quickly. It considers the nature of the student as a privileged political actor in the transformation of the modern world.
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Staff mobility, recruitment and professional development in Ethiopian higher education - Zeleke, Aytaged Sisay (2009)
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A summative evaluation of a HIV/AIDS Early Childhood Care, Education and Development Teacher Training Workshop in Mongu, Zambia - Zesch, Jessica Rene (2009)
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The impact of the new Ethiopian education policy on empowerment of women 1994 to 2006 - Zewide, Gennet (2009)
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The Review of "The Strategy of Revitalizing Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Africa" - Zhi-yua, Sun (Comparative Education Review, 2009)
This paper introduces The of Revitalizing Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)in Africa.The Strategy is expected to enhance the attractiveness of TVET programs,to integrate the existing resources,and to carry out integrated management,as well as to guarantee the trainees’ employment.The Strategy,however,is not so easy to implement,and the aid to Africa's education from China should be designed in accordance with this strategy.
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Pre-primary Education in Mauritius: Perspectives on Play for Development in Diversified Contexts - Ziegler, Gudrun (2009)
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Reflections on mass action, ethics and rationality - a glimpse into unionised activity in the education and health sectors in South Africa - Zulu, Paulus (2009)
This paper is more of a proposal, than an analysis, that calls for research in order to facilitate an informed understanding of the motives for the behaviour demonstrated by the public sector unions during the recent mass action in South Africa. The paper begins by locating the constituencies that make up the public sector unions within the broader union movement in the class struggle, and proceeds to explore the contradictions first in the composition of the trade union movement and secondly in the behaviour of the public sector unions vis-a-vis the democratic ethos of the country and concludes with an examination of the mode of protest culture. The paper advances two hypotheses for research: the first seeks to explain the composition of unions and the second seeks to understand the behavioural aspect. There is a subtle thread that constitutes the big question which runs throughout the paper: was this just only a strike intended to achieve better remuneration and better working conditions of service, or was there more to it than meets the eye?
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Associations of advertisement-promotion-sponsorship-related factors with current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Zambia - Zulu, Richard; Siziya, Seter; Muula, Adamson S; Rudatsikira, Emmanuel (Annals of African Medicine, 2009)
Tobacco use is the leading cause of noncommunicable disease morbidity and mortality. Most smokers initiate the smoking habit as adolescents or young adults.Survey data from the 2007 Lusaka (Zambia) Global Youth Tobacco Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of current cigarette smoking and assess whether exposure to pro-tobacco media and perception of the potential harm of secondhand smoke are associated with adolescents' smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations.Altogether, 2378 students, of whom 56.8% were females, participated in the study. Overall, 10.5% of the students (9.3% among males and 12.1% among females) smoked cigarettes in the 30 days prior to the survey. Students who favored banning smoking in public places were 33% (OR = 0.67; 95% CI [0.47, 0.96]) less likely to smoke cigarettes compared to those who were not in favor of the ban. Seeing actors smoking in TV shows, videos or movies was positively associated with smoking (OR = 1.90; 95% CI [1.26, 2.88]). However, possessing an item with a cigarette brand logo on it, seeing advertisements of cigarettes on billboards and being ever offered a free cigarette by a cigarette sales representative were negatively associated with smoking (OR=0.39, 95% CI [0.26, 0.58]; OR=0.63, 95% CI [0.43, 0.92]; and OR=0.43, 95% CI [0.29, 0.65], respectively).Findings from this study indicate that TV advertisement-promotion-sponsorship was positively associated with smoking, while it was the opposite with other forms of advertisement; there is a need for further studies.
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Chronic diseases among teachers in South Africa - should we be concerned? - Zungu, Nompumelelo; Phaswana‐Mafuya, Nancy; Zuma, Khangelani (2009)
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Understanding South African Financial Markets : Milpark Business School Edition Ed. 3 - Zyl, Cecilia van; Botha, Ziets; Skerritt, Peter (2009)
Understanding South African financial markets is an introductory text that should serve as a useful reference and guide for commerce students, public servants and members of the business fraternity alike. It gives the reader an overview of how the various institutions in the South African financial system operate, as well as the different financial markets in the South African economy and the instruments traded in those markets. Some of the chapters were written by practitioners from the financial markets and others by experienced faculty members in Economics and Financial Management. The book is aimed particularly at South African students. Each chapter starts with study objectives relevant to the material covered. Jargon that may be unfamiliar is explained in lay terms. The book refers throughout to both international and local market practices and norms where relevant. Students in financial management and monetary economics will find this a helpful aid to understanding the financial markets in South Africa. Karin van Wyk is the CEO of the South African Institute of Financial Markets, a professional institute that conducts examinations for the financial markets and the JSE. She holds a BA (Law) and an LLB from the University of Pretoria and a BCom from Unisa. Ziets Botha is a senior manager responsible for the design and implementation of training programmes in financial markets and related fields at a large institution in the financial sector. He also serves on the educational committee of the board of the South African Institute of Financial Markets. He holds an MCom in Economics from the University of Johannesburg. Ingrid Goodspeed has over 20 years’ banking and financial markets experience in the areas of treasury, risk management, compliance, investment analysis, economic research and information technology. She holds an MBL (cum laude), a BCom Honours (Economics) and an LLB from Unisa.
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Yemeni family structure and their impact on future stages of the first instruction students valuable Yemen"Hodeidah model for the study"(Analysis of aspects of the economic values of Education) - الدين, د . طلال عبدالستار محيي (Al-Fatih journal, 2009)
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School health activity in the Republic of Niger - 上村, 弘子 (Japanese journal of school health, 2009)
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Effect of Maternal Education and Outreach Services on Child Mortality in a Zambian Village - 塩田, 勉; 田宮, 菜奈子; 田淵, 幸一郎; 吉田, 修; 山本, 秀樹 (国際保健医療, 2009)
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Instructional Analysis and Design of e-Learning Skills Training for University of The Gambia - 杜佑舒 (2009)
This era of digital technology has evidenced an institutional rush for embracement of e-learning delivery techniques in education. Hence institutions that are digitally disadvantaged are as well wanting in their provision of effective and efficient education to students. The Gambia’s only university that is supposed to train its human capital for national development is still trapped in the traditional face-to-face delivery system. However, the same university has been selected as a pilot site for Pan African e-Network; a project that is supposed to collaborate more than twenty universities in Africa with universities in India through a viable e-learning system. But, is the University of The Gambia (UTG) ready for e-learning implementation? If UTG is ready, what proposed design could be used in this implementation? It is against this backdrop that this research looks at the readiness status of the young University in order to propose an instructional design of an e-learning training programme for lecturers. ADDIE model of instructional design has been adopted to analyse readiness and to propose an instructional design or strategy of the proposed content. As such quantitative and qualitative methods have been employed to analyse data from The Gambia through descriptive and nonparametric statistics, and expert interview data on relevance and delivery, monitoring and evaluation of training content, respectively. Eventually, UTG’s readiness was revealed at marginal levels for three of the support systems; infrastructure, training and human capital, and material and financial capacity, and has been found wanting in incentives for promotion of e-learning. The researcher thereafter draws a strategic map for delivery of a thoroughly analysed e-learning content. This research study therefore does not only reveal UTG’s e-learning readiness status, but also outlined a process that could be utilised by other institutions to appraise their e-learning readiness status. Again, it does not only give UTG a competitive advantage over other institutions, but also provides an ADDIE adopted instructional design of e-learning skills training that is applicable in other institutions and corporate entities for staff training.
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Free primary education policy, decentralization and parental participation : the case of Malawi - 荘所, 真理 (2009)
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Networking Strategy for the Development of Quality Assurance and Accreditation Policy in Higher Education in Egypt - 학회자료 (한국행정학회 추계학술발표논문집, 2009)
Quality assurance and accreditation are the major milestones in the national programme to reform higher education in Egypt. They represent a new paradigm for the Egyptian higher education policy which has recently emerged aiming the development of educational systems and the improvement of quality and academic standards within public and private universities and colleges. In this paper, the researcher mainly seeks to draw up an analysis showing the relationship between the National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Education (NAQAAE) and the Egyptian Universities (HEIs), especially in the context of the formulation of these new policies. The importance of this research could be highlighted in this respect because the concerns of the researchers for this topic seem recent and the studies carried out are still preliminary. Recent literature explains that, today, the approach of policy networks is considered as a principal stream of thought within the field of public policy analysis. Therefore, resorting to this framework of analysis makes it possible to approach differently the subject studied while trying to understand the interactions between the different actors concerned. The study supports that the current networking between the National Authority and the Egyptian universities tends to be more clientelist structure. Moreover, this paper testifies that many efforts have to be invested to reshape this relationship to be more pluralistic, if the Egyptian government wishes to continue to develop its educational policies in accordance with the principles of good governance, notably openness, transparency, participation, equity and accountability based on evidence-based reporting and decision-making.
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