Unmodified electroconvulsive therapy: changes in knowledge and attitudes of Nigerian medical students. - James, Bawo Onesirosan; Omoaregba, O J; Igberase, Osayi; Olotu, SO (PubMed, 2009)
The relevance of ECT as a treatment option for some psychiatric disorders continues to generate debate in professional and lay circles. Scientific evidence as to the effectiveness of ECT (with anaesthesia) abounds. In some developing countries, the process of change towards the full implementation and use of modified ECT has been slow. The unmodified format is still used for largely economic reasons despite the ethical concerns it raises.We assessed the effect of an intervention (60 minute lecture on ECT, viewing a live ECT session, following up a patient who had received ECT) during a clinical psychiatry rotation, on medical students' knowledge of and attitude toward unmodified electroconvulsive therapyA 14-item self administered questionnaire was administered to 5(th) year medical students at the commencement of their psychiatry rotation, then 4 weeks later to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward unmodified ECT RESULTS: There were significant improvements in knowledge and change in attitude measures to myth about ECT following our intervention. However, viewing live unmodified ECT sessions did not improve the students' acceptability of the procedure.Exposure of medical students to ECT and lectures are important in changing negative attitudes during clerkships and should be incorporated in their teaching curriculum. We may infer that future psychiatrists would prefer the modified form of ECT and acceptability would be better with this format.
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ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN NIGERIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM - Jekayinfa, Oyeyemi Jumoke (2009)
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Hearing impairment in Tanzanians with albinism - Jiwaji, Zoeb; Parker, Emily R.A.; Thevanayagam, Jonarthan; Naburi, Alfred; Grossmann, Henning (International Health, 2009)
Community-based studies have suggested that those affected with albinism, an important condition in East Africa, may be at a greater risk of developing hearing problems. This study shows that the prevalence of hearing loss is increased in Tanzanians with albinism and that hearing loss is associated with fewer years in education. 64 participants with albinism and 90 controls without were recruited from clinics held in the Western Kilimanjaro area. Hearing was evaluated using pure-tone audiometry at frequencies between 250 Hz to 8000 Hz and patients completed a questionnaire to evaluate their educational history. Of the participants with albinism, 33 (51.6% [95% CI: 39.3-63.8%]) had hearing impairment. This was significantly greater than the control group, where 20 (22.2% [95% CI: 13.6-30.8%]) had a similar hearing impairment (P < 0.001). Within the albinism group those with hearing impairment spent a mean of 6.9 years in education compared with those with normal hearing who spent a mean of 8.3 years in education (P = 0.046). Further studies are now required to determine the cause of these differences. Healthcare providers should be aware of hearing impairments when managing those with albinism and make the appropriate specialist referrals if further evaluation and treatment is required.
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Enhancing identity development and sense of community among African American males in higher education - Johnson, Jonathan Lee; Cuyjet, Michael J. (2009)
There is an African proverb that says, “I am because we are, and, because we are, therefore, I am.” One aspect of this blended perspective is that one's identity is tied to a larger body than the self. This proverb not only characterizes the wisdom and philosophy of African people, it serves as a point of reference in how one might begin to understand the self and one's distinct group identity or consciousness (Cross, 1995; Jackson, 2001; Kambon, 1992). In this lies the dilemma, unfortunately, of oppressed people whose identity have been racialized and suppressed by derogatory epithets, who have been labeled and called by a variety of racial and cultural categorizations – notoriously branded as Negro, nigger, Colored, Black, African, Afro-American, African American, etc. (Jackson, 2001; Kennedy, 2002).
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Disabilities in older African-American women: understanding the current state of the literature. - Jones, Debbie (Journal of National Black Nurses' Association: JNBNA, 2009)
The purpose of this review sought to address the following question: What does the current literature report regarding older African-American women with disabilities? A search of PubMed database was done for research on African-American women, ages 45 years and older, who have a disability. Sixty-one articles were reviewed and categorized into groups according to themes. The term disability was only defined in one of the studies. Overall, the studies reviewed revealed racial and ethnic disparities among African-American women with disabilities that included increased hospital days, poor health days, hospitalizations, being functionally totally dependent, and having increased primary and repeat amputations when compared to their White counterparts.
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A Secret Decoder Ring for Volcanic Tremor: Method and Application to Erta 'Ale, Ethiopia - Jones, J. A. A.; Carniel, Roberto; Malone, Stephen D. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Neurology research and teaching in Malawi - Jung, Agam; Raman, Ashok; Mallewa, Macpherson; Solomon, Tom (Clinical Medicine, 2009)
In this article, British neurologists share their experiences of neurology in Malawi – as educators and researchers. Malawi is a resource-poor country in Central Africa. The spectrum of neurological illnesses is varied and primarily related to HIV and neuroinfections. Structured overseas training programmes for residents can lead to academic exchange with mutual benefit. New links can be established which can then be used to launch international health initiatives. Such visits can also lead to the development of institutional links, the fostering of which can have a role in the achievement of the global health agenda.
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Neurology research and teaching in Malawi - Jung, Agam; Raman, Ashok; Mallewa, Macpherson; Solomon, Tom (Clinical Medicine, 2009)
In this article, British neurologists share their experiences of neurology in Malawi – as educators and researchers. Malawi is a resource-poor country in Central Africa. The spectrum of neurological illnesses is varied and primarily related to HIV and neuroinfections. Structured overseas training programmes for residents can lead to academic exchange with mutual benefit. New links can be established which can then be used to launch international health initiatives. Such visits can also lead to the development of institutional links, the fostering of which can have a role in the achievement of the global health agenda.
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Challenges facing regular teachers' teaching learners with physical handicap in regular schools in Kamukun.It Division, Nairobi Kenya - Kabii, Thiongo (2009)
A research report submitted to the Institute Of Open And Distance Learning in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award Of the Bachelor’s Degree in Education (Arts) Of Kampala International University
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The Need For Networks Among Public, Academic, and School Libraries in Metropolitan Sierra Leone - Kargbo, John Abdul (Public Library Quarterly, 2009)
Metropolitan Sierra Leone is made up of Freetown, the capital city and its environs. Within its bounds are dispersed a variety of libraries, each with the mission of providing adequate, relevant and up‐to‐date materials tailored to the needs of their numerous clientele. However, because of stringent budget cuts and a lack of human and material resources, these institutions are unable to carry out their missions. One way to improve this situation is through collaboration in the provision of materials and services. This article explores the need for the establishment for networks among public, academic and school libraries in metropolitan Sierra Leone. The article begins by defining metropolis followed by a brief recounting of some features of a metropolis, the library scene in metropolitan Sierra Leone and a consideration of plausible areas for networks among these libraries. The article concludes with a discussion of some issues that have to be faced if the proposed network is to materialise.
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The Constitution in the Classroom : Law and Education in South Africa (1994-2008), Stu Woolman and Brahm Fleisch : book review - Keet, André (Perspectives in Education, 2009)
After weaving through a myriad of legal and educational analyses whilst engaged with this book, I was left with two divergent viewpoints. On the one hand, this book represents an impressive portrait of educational law as well as education and the law, and on the other it confirms the growing dominance of the juridical discourse in almost every aspect of our lives brought about by the weakness of the political public sphere. In fact, the authors acknowledged that they needed to focus on six themes and thus a vast body of knowledge, regulatory frames and practices are not considered. However the themes, which range from school choice to school fees, have been well chosen and cover some of the pertinent questions in educational law.
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Attitudes and perceptions of students and teachers about problem based learning in the radiography curriculum at Makerere University, Uganda - Kiguli-Malwadde, E.; Francis, Businge; Gonzaga, Mubuuke Aloysius (European Journal of Radiography, 2009)
The College of Health Sciences, Makerere University has been training health professionals since 1924 using a lecture based curriculum. After a curriculum review, the curriculum was changed to Problem Based Learning (PBL)/Community Based Education and Service (PBL/COBES) for all undergraduate programmes of which radiography is part. This study was carried out to find the attitudes and perceptions of students and faculty about PBL in the radiography curriculum. To find out the attitudes and perceptions of students and teachers about PBL in the radiography curriculum. The study was conducted at the College of Health Sciences, Makerere University. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which self-administered questionnaires were used and focus group discussions conducted with both radiography students and faculty. All the students and 80% of teachers rated PBL highly as a good instructional method. 100% of the students and 100% of the teachers reported that PBL is a gateway to the acquisition of key generic skills like team work, problem-solving and self-directed learning. In adequate learning resources as well as student assessment in PBL were noted as the major challenges. Both students and teachers affirmed that PBL is an excellent method of training radiographers. There is need however to avail students with adequate learning resources in order to sustain the programme.
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Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia1 - Kim, Ungtae; Kaluarachchi, Jagath J. (Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2009)
Kim, Ungtae and Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, 2009. Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1361‐1378. Abstract: Climate change affects water resources availability of international river basins that are vulnerable to runoff variability of upstream countries especially with increasing water demands. The upper Blue Nile River Basin is a good example because its downstream countries, Sudan and Egypt, depend solely on Nile waters for their economic development. In this study, the impacts of climate change on both hydrology and water resources operations were analyzed using the outcomes of six different general circulation models (GCMs) for the 2050s. The outcomes of these six GCMs were weighted to provide average future changes. Hydrologic sensitivity, flow statistics, a drought index, and water resources assessment indices (reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability) were used as quantitative indicators. The changes in outflows from the two proposed dams (Karadobi and Border) to downstream countries were also assessed. Given the uncertainty of different GCMs, the simulation results of the weighted scenario suggested mild increases in hydrologic variables (precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and runoff) across the study area. The weighted scenario also showed that low‐flow statistics and the reliability of streamflows are increased and severe drought events are decreased mainly due to increased precipitation. Joint dam operation performed better than single dam operation in terms of both hydropower generation and mean annual storage without affecting the runoff volume to downstream countries, but enhancing flow characteristics and the robustness of streamflows. This study provides useful information to decision makers for the planning and management of future water resources of the study area and downstream countries.
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âYou opened our eyesâ: care-giving after learning a childâs positive HIV status in rural South Africa - Kimani-Murage, Elizabeth; Manderson, Lenore Hilda; Norris, Shane A.; Kahn, Kathleen (Health & Social Care in The Community, 2009)
Caregivers of young children identified as HIV positive, residing in Agincourt, rural South Africa were advised of their child's status. How was this knowledge received, and how did it influence care-giving and support? Interviews were conducted in May to June 2008 with caregivers of HIV positive children aged 1-5 years, 1 year following the child's HIV test and disclosure of status. Drawing on data from 31 semi-structured questionnaires and 21 in-depth interviews, we describe caregivers' attitudes, reactions, fears and aspirations after learning a child's HIV status, the perceived usefulness of the knowledge, barriers to care-giving and support received. Sociodemographic data collected through the questionnaire were analysed using Stata. Qualitative data were coded in NVIVO 8 and analysed inductively to identify themes and their repetitions and variations. Although almost half of the caregivers responded negatively initially, 1 year later, almost all had accepted and valued knowing their child's HIV status as this had enhanced their competency in care-giving. Counselling from health providers and personal spirituality helped caregivers to accept the child's status and cope with its implications. Most caregivers had high aspirations for the child's future, despite some expressed difficulties associated with care-giving, including financial constraints, information gaps and barriers to healthcare. The results indicate an opportunity for paediatric HIV screening in communities with high HIV prevalence. This would facilitate early uptake of available interventions, so enhancing the survival of HIV positive children.
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The impact of Teachers Attitudes in the Implementation of Inclusive Education and Performance of Learners in inclusive settings in Central Division, Macha Kos District, Kenya. - Kisungu, Denis Kioko (2009)
A research report presented to the Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Ward of Degree of Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood and Primary Education of Kampala International University.
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Seismic Anisotropy Beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line from SKS and SKKS Splitting Analysis - Koch, Franklin W.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Nyblade, A.; Reusch, A. M.; Euler, G. G.; Shore, P. (AGUFM, 2009)
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Community support for girl-child education in the Dormaa municipality of the Brong-Ahafo region, Ghana - Kyere-Boakye, Theresa (2009)
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Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, behaviour and education needs of in-school adolescents in northern Nigeria. - La, Adeokun; Ol, Ricketts; Aj, Ajuwon; Oa, Ladipo (PubMed, 2009)
Adolescence is marked by progression from the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics to sexual and reproductive maturity. Curiosity about bodily changes is heightened. However, adolescents' perceived sexuality education needs have been poorly documented. A survey of 989 adolescents from 24 North-Eastern Nigerian secondary schools yielded information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive health knowledge, sexual activities and sexuality education needs. Of the interviewed respondents, 72% of females had experienced menstruation. Overall, 9% were sexually active, 3.1% knew when ovulation occurs, 47% knew pregnancy could result from first coitus and 56% knew of contraception. 84% opined that adolescents should be given sexuality education but only 48.3% had received any. Sexuality education should be provided for in-school adolescents through their preferred and reliable sources of information.
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HIV/AIDS’ knowledge and condom usage as preventive measure among university students in South West Nigeria - ‘Lanre, Olaitan Olukunmi (Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. G, Microbiology, 2009)
The studyinvestigated HIV/AIDS knowledge and the use of condom as prevention among theuniversity students in south west Nigeria. A total of 750 studentswere chosen as subjects using a multistage sampling technique, and a structuredquestionnaire was used to gather information from the subjects. Researchquestions were raised and research hypothesis was formulated. Descriptivestatistic were used for the socio demographic characteristics, and researchquestion, while the inferential statistics of pearson product moment correlationcoefficient was employed to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant.The findings showed that, there existed a significant relationship between thestudents knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the use of condom as prevention. It wasrecommended among these that, adequate knowledge about reproductive health,especially sex education should be given priority in our school from secondaryand tertiary levels, and government should emphasize on health education asintroduce health science back into the secondary school curriculum, because theuniversity students who is expected to pass through this level of educationwould have gained adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and use of condom, sincethis time usually the experimental stage for sexual activity
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Sexual behaviour of university students in south west nigeria - ‘Lanre, Olaitan Olukunmi (Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B, Zoology (Print), 2009)
The research investigated sexual behavior of Universitystudents in south west Nigeria.Four hundred and fifty (450) students selected from south west Nigeria FederalUniversities were used for the study. Questionnaires were used for datacollection and Chi-square (x) statistical method was employed to analyze dataand to test the hypothesis at a=0.05 level of significance. The researcherdeduced that all the variables considered had significant influence on thebehaviour of students towards sex. The results revealed that the behavior ofstudents towards sex was significantly influenced by their gender, culture,religion and educational status. Based on the outcome of this research, it was recommendedthat sexual program should be organized in our higher institutions to enlightenstudents on how to behave, so as to avert the nauseating problem of sexuallytransmitted infections as well as unwanted pregnancies.
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Stress triggering in en echelon thrust ruptures and related tear faults: The 2003 M=6.9 Zemmouri, Algeria, earthquake and fault interactions - Lin, Jessica; Stein, Ross S.; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Toda, Shigeru; Ayadi, Abdelhakim; Dorbath, Catherine; Belabbès, Samir (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Leadership and management training: comparing Europe, China and Africa - Liu, Jonathan; Wilson, J. A.; Murray, Robert (2009)
This paper seeks to explore the methods used for training and developing senior and executive managers across three continents. The paper outlines the methods used to identify training needs, selection of trainers and trainees, curriculum development and implementation of delivery. The paper further considers the evaluation criteria used to gauge the success of training in meeting training needs and provides an insight into the challenges faced by designers and course deliverers.
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Abrupt changes and climate feedbacks in North Africa climate-ecosystem. A combined paleo and modern perspective. (Invited) - Liu, Z. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Sigtuna Think Piece 8: Piecing Together Conceptual Framings for Climate Change Education Research in Southern African Contexts - Lotz‐Sisitka, Heila (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
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Rifting, volcanism, and magma genesis at the northern end of the Danakil Depression: The Alid volcanic center of Eritrea (Invited) - Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Clynne, Michael A.; Duffield, Wendell A.; Smith, Julie; Woldegiorgis, L. (AGUFM, 2009)
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Investigating The Styles Of Teaching And Learning In The RE Curriculum In Botswana Secondary Schools - Lumadi, Mutendwahothe Walter; Awino, J.O. (Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 2009)
This is part of a larger study that investigated the impact of democratic pedagogy in the Religious Education (RE) curriculum in Botswana secondary schools. It investigated the teaching and learning styles in the RE curriculum in Botswana secondary schools. This was intended to explore how far the democratic space has been appropriated in the Botswana RE classroom. The literature review focused on some studies that focused on the need to promote democratic pedagogy in the classroom. The research methodology employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data generated for this study, as projected by graphical analysis in Table 1 and Figure 1, indicate how in most of the 4-minute observation intervals the teacher tallies on the rate of class participation exceeded those of students. This provides evidence that RE teachers tend to restrict participation of learners. RE teachers, therefore, might need to vary their classroom roles from being dominative to emphasize facilitation of more learners’ active classroom participation.
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Catastrophic Drought Insurance based on the Remotely Sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe - Makaudze, Ephias; Miranda, Manoel Albino Coelho de (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
Index insurance, which indemnifies agricultural producers based on an objectively observable variable that is highly correlated with production losses but which cannot be influenced by the producer, can provide adequate protection against catastrophic droughts without suffering from the moral hazard and adverse selection problems that typically cause conventional agricultural insurance programs to fail. Using historical maize and cotton yield data from nine districts in Zimbabwe, we find that catastrophic drought insurance contracts based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be constructed whose indemnities exhibit higher correlations with yield losses compared to the conventional rainfall index. In addition the NDVI contracts can be offered within the 5–10 per cent premium range considered reasonably affordable to many poor smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe.
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The relevance of language in the process of indigenising life skills education in South Africa : a social work perspective : IKS community development and resilience - Makhubele, Jabulani Calvin; Qalinge, Lulama (Indilinga: African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 2009)
Language is perhaps the single most important factor in educational efficiency and highlights the long term consequences for academic achievement. Language enhances positive academic achievement when one learns to read and write in a language he does speak well. The article therefore seeks to highlight the importance of language in indigenizing life skills education. To this end the authors argue that effective teaching of life skills education should firstly be characterised by the use of more suitable local languages, the use of sufficient teaching techniques, a culturally adequate curriculum content and sufficient financial material resources.
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Analysis of Students’ Performance in Junior Secondary School Mathematics Examination in Bayelsa State of Nigeria - Maliki, Agnes Ebi; Ngban, Anthony Ntol; Ibu, Julie E. (Studies on home and community science, 2009)
Mathematics is the bedrock of all science and technologically based subjects. The poor performance of students in mathematics tests has become a thing of great concern to all stakeholders such as: parents, teachers, and government. This paper therefore looked at the influence of sex, school location and school type on the academic achievement of secondary school students in mathematics. The paper found out that student performance in mathematics in junior secondary school Examination for 2006 was high, male students performed better than their female counterparts in the examination, students from the rural school performed better than students from urban schools in mathematics examination and also students from private schools performed better than those from public schools.
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Geochemistry and age of the Essimingor volcano, northern Tanzania (East Africa) - Mana, Sara; Mollel, Godwin F.; Feigenson, Mark D.; Carr, Michael J.; Turrin, B. D.; Furman, Tanya; Swisher, Carl C. (AGUFM, 2009)
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Mobility, Climate Change and Cultural Development. A Revised View from the Lower Tilemsi Valley, Northeastern Mali - Manning, Katie (Azania:Archaeological Research in Africa, 2009)
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Nonparametric bounds on returns to education in South Africa: overcoming ability and selection bias - Mariotti, Martine (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
[The authors'] objective is to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of education on earnings for African men in South Africa. Estimation of the ATE in [the] data is difficult because of omitted ability bias and a high degree of sample selection due to low labor force participation. Manski and Pepper (2000) suggest a promising nonparametric identification strategy but it only helps with the problem of omitted ability bias. [The authors] propose an extension of their identification strategy to deal with the sample selection problem. Accounting for ability and selection bias, [the authors] compute upper bounds on the ATE for the years 1995 and 2000. [The authors] estimate an upper bound of 12.64 per cent in 1995 and 10.68 per cent in 2000. Compared to parametric estimation [the authors'] bounds are informative: the [ordinary least squares] OLS returns to schooling equal 15.59 per cent in 1995 and 15.31 per cent in 2000. [The] results suggest that many parametric estimates are severely upwards biased, which results from unobserved heterogeneity.
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Suicide-Related Behaviours among Secondary School Adolescents in the Welkom and Bethlehem Areas of the Free State Province (South Africa) - Mashego, T-A.B.; Madu, Sylvester Ntomchukwu (South African Journal of Psychology, 2009)
Our aim was to investigate suicide-related behaviours among secondary school adolescents in the Free State province, South Africa. Participants in this study were 142 secondary school adolescents selected from urban and rural schools around Welkom and Bethlehem, in the Free State. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the schools. Eighty-six (60.6%) participants were female, and 56 (39.4%) were male. They were aged between 12 and 19 years, with a mean age of 16.18 years ( SD = 1.72). A questionnaire was used to obtain participants' demographic data, suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, thoughts, plans, and attempts), the severity of the suicidal attempt (where applicable) and how often suicidal attempts took place. Results show that the prevalence of extreme (pervasive) cases of suicidal ideation (i.e. almost every day in the past two weeks) is 12.0% (10.7% for males and 12.8% for females). There is no significant difference between suicidal ideation among males and among females. The prevalence of suicidal plans in the past two weeks and ‘ever’ (lifetime) were 7.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal attempts in the past two weeks and ‘ever’ (lifetime) were 4.2% and 14.8%, respectively. There is no significant difference between the prevalence among males and females, early adolescents and late adolescents, adolescents from the Southern Sotho background and those from non-Southern Sotho speaking groups. Mental health workers and educators should use the above findings as baseline information when planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for the minimization of suicidal behaviours among adolescents in the province. The findings should also be considered when making policies on the health priority areas for funding.
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Services and attitudes to people living with HIV/AIDS among college students in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. - Maswanya, Edward; Brown, Graham V.; Merriman, Gareth (PubMed, 2009)
The objective of this study was to evaluate acceptability of voluntary testing, counselling and treatment services and attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS from young people's point of view.Qualitative study (face-to-face interviews in which tapes were used) were carried out in 20 interviewed college students aged between 19-24 years of both sexes based in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.Results showed that voluntary counselling and testing services were limited in the study area at the time of study. Participants complained of unfriendly services and unco-operative staff, poor counselling services and shortage of facilities and staff. There was fear of HIV/AIDS related stigma toward people living with HIV and AIDS, thus fostering stigma and isolation against them. Results further demonstrate that HIV/AIDS related stigma is still a very serious problem in Tanzania. Lack of HIV/AIDS related knowledge and the life-threatening character of the disease were seen as the most important determinants of AIDS-related stigma. The main benefit to go for VCT was 'knowing your status before marriage', whereas main barriers for testing were 'fear of being stigmatised' and 'fear of knowing your HIV positive status'.The results suggest that there is need of VCT specific intervention programs for young people in colleges in Tanzania to emphasize of importance of VCT services and HIV/AIDS education program to educate students' understanding of people living with HIV/AIDS, thus reducing stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS.
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United theological college : a centre for ecumenical education in Zimbabwe? - Matikiti, Robert (Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae, 2009)
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African Students at the University of East London: Issues ofParticipation and Retention in Higher Education - Matsvai, Paul (2009)
Issues of Participation and Retention in Higher Education have become topical themes in higher education provision in the UK primarily driven by an agenda of human capital development which places a high premium on higher education qualifications to enhance international competitiveness on the global stage. Pursuant of this goal, it has become imperative to target citizens from lower socio-economic backgrounds and those from ethnic minority groups who have been perceived as being under- represented in higher education. Given the backdrop that studies of ethnic minority students in the UK higher education system had largely failed to disaggregate the relative higher education experiences of different ethnic minority students, this study focused on a qualitative analysis of the experiences of thirty university students of African descent enrolled at the University of East London (UEL). The study was conducted between 2005- 2007. Its key concern was to unravel the trajectories characterising the respective experiences of both Home and international students of African descent as higher education provision in the UK is not only concerned about optimising participation of all its citizens but is keenly aware of the benefits accruing from the overseas student market. The principal data collection method used was indepth, semi-structured interviews supplemented by observation, documents analysis and use of selected students' diaries. The main theoretical framework informing the study was Critical Race Theory with its key postulate of racism as being endemic rather than aberrational foregrounding the study. The study found that, notwithstanding the negative impact of racism, higher education qualifications remain an extremely valued conduit for upward social mobility and to that end; quite a wide array of avenues were adopted in the quest to circumvent problems which the students experienced both prior to enrolment and during their respective experiences on campus.
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621: Evaluating knowledge improvement after a midwife training program in rural Ethiopia - Mehta, S; Scott, Rachel; Nathan, Lisa; Delecha, Desalegn; Alato, Alemu; Kassa, Melkamu Dugassa; Levine, Lisa; Tropper, Pamela; Chazotte, Cynthia; Merkatz, Irwin R.; Wright, Rodney (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2009)
The United Nation's development goals include decreasing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 3/4. Approximately 8% of maternal deaths in 2000 were due to obstructed labor. In a large prospective trial, the World Health Organization (WHO) showed that partograph use during labor management significantly reduces prolonged labor, reduces intrapartum stillbirth, and improves perinatal outcomes. Recently we found that the partograph is rarely used at 14 health centers in the Kembata-Tembaro Zone (KTZ) of Southern Ethiopia, which serve approximately 425, 000 rural women. Therefore, we piloted an education program training midwifes in the use of the WHO partograph, and identification of labor emergencies. Our objective was to evaluate whether training improved understanding of the use of the partograph and labor emergencies. We conducted a prospective study using pre- and post-education exams administered to all midwife attendees of a training program focused on partograph use and labor emergencies. Exams included the completion of a partograph as well as questions related to labor management and obstetric emergency. Exams were scored by a single physician. Scores were analyzed using paired Student t-test. 12 of 45 KTZ midwives attended the training and completed pre-and post-tests. Significant improvement was seen in all areas examined. Training improved understanding of the WHO partograph by 25.3% (38.0% v. 63.3%; p=0.0002). A 22.7% improvement was noted on labor/emergency questions (51.1% v. 73.8 % ; p= 0.002). Overall scores revealed 24.2% improvement (43.3% v. 67.5%; p=0.0001). The WHO partograph is a valuable tool to reduce obstructed labor and thereby the MMR in Ethiopia. Results revealed that baseline partograph understanding was inadequate. Training did significantly improve knowledge about partograph use and labor emergencies among KTZ midwives. Further research is planned on the impact of such trainings on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Horn of Africa Food Crisis: Perfect Storm - Middleton, Roger (2009)
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Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of stunting, underweight, and overweight among Palestinian school adolescents (13-15 years) in two major governorates in the West Bank - Mikki, Nahed; Abdul‐Rahim, Hanan F.; Awartani, Faisal; Holmboe‐Ottesen, Gerd (BMC Public Health, 2009)
There is little information about height and weight status of Palestinian adolescents. The objective of this paper was to assess the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight/obesity among Palestinian school adolescents (13-15 years) and associated sociodemographic factors in 2 major governorates in the West Bank.A Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2005 comprising 1942 students in 65 schools in Ramallah and Hebron governorates. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from students and parents. Weights and heights were measured. Overweight and obesity were assessed using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Stunting and underweight were assessed using the 2000 CDC reference.Overweight/obesity was more prevalent in Ramallah than in Hebron and affected more girls than boys. Using the 2000 CDC reference, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ramallah among boys was 9.6% and 8.2%, respectively versus 15.6% and 6.0% among girls (P < 0.01). In Hebron, the corresponding figures were 8.5% and 4.9% for boys and 13.5% and 3.4% for girls (P < 0.01). Using the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys in Ramallah was 13.3% and 5.2%, respectively versus 18.9% and 3.3% for girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys in Hebron was 10.9% and 2.2%, respectively versus 14.9% and 2.0% for girls. Overweight/obesity was associated with high standard of living (STL) among boys and with the onset of puberty among girls. More boys were underweight than girls, and the prevalence was higher in Hebron (12.9% and 6.0% in boys and girls, respectively (P < 0.01)) than in Ramallah (9.7% and 3.1% in boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.01)). The prevalence of stunting was similar in both governorates, and was higher among boys (9.2% and 9.4% in Ramallah and Hebron, respectively) than among girls (5.9% and 4.2% in Ramallah and Hebron, respectively). Stunting was negatively associated with father's education among boys and with urban residence, medium STL and onset of puberty among girls.Under- and overnutrition co-exist among Palestinian adolescents, with differences between sexes. Region, residence, STL, and onset of puberty were associated factors.
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Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of stunting, underweight, and overweight among Palestinian school adolescents (13-15 years) in two major governorates in the West Bank - Mikki, Nahed; Abdul‐Rahim, Hanan F.; Awartani, Faisal; Holmboe‐Ottesen, Gerd (BMC Public Health, 2009)
There is little information about height and weight status of Palestinian adolescents. The objective of this paper was to assess the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight/obesity among Palestinian school adolescents (13-15 years) and associated sociodemographic factors in 2 major governorates in the West Bank.A Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2005 comprising 1942 students in 65 schools in Ramallah and Hebron governorates. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from students and parents. Weights and heights were measured. Overweight and obesity were assessed using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Stunting and underweight were assessed using the 2000 CDC reference.Overweight/obesity was more prevalent in Ramallah than in Hebron and affected more girls than boys. Using the 2000 CDC reference, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ramallah among boys was 9.6% and 8.2%, respectively versus 15.6% and 6.0% among girls (P < 0.01). In Hebron, the corresponding figures were 8.5% and 4.9% for boys and 13.5% and 3.4% for girls (P < 0.01). Using the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys in Ramallah was 13.3% and 5.2%, respectively versus 18.9% and 3.3% for girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys in Hebron was 10.9% and 2.2%, respectively versus 14.9% and 2.0% for girls. Overweight/obesity was associated with high standard of living (STL) among boys and with the onset of puberty among girls. More boys were underweight than girls, and the prevalence was higher in Hebron (12.9% and 6.0% in boys and girls, respectively (P < 0.01)) than in Ramallah (9.7% and 3.1% in boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.01)). The prevalence of stunting was similar in both governorates, and was higher among boys (9.2% and 9.4% in Ramallah and Hebron, respectively) than among girls (5.9% and 4.2% in Ramallah and Hebron, respectively). Stunting was negatively associated with father's education among boys and with urban residence, medium STL and onset of puberty among girls.Under- and overnutrition co-exist among Palestinian adolescents, with differences between sexes. Region, residence, STL, and onset of puberty were associated factors.
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UNESCO’s New Earth Science Education Initiative for Africa - Missotten, R.; Gaines, Steven; Mulder, E. F. de (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Editorial: The impact of chronic illness in Africa - Mogotlane, Sophie (2009)
Africa, one of the poorest and most underdeveloped continents, is home to weak, unstable and corrupt governments and failed economies. As a consequence, poor governance; civil strifes; displacements; physical, sexual and emotional abuse of especially women and children; high levels of illiteracy and poor health systems are but a few challenges to be mentioned in relation to the violation of human rights. In addition, the burden of poverty, unemployment and malnutrition coupled with untoward climatic changes like global warming, extended periods of drought and floods impact on agricultural activities, as well as the type and nature of emergent pathogens, making the citizens in Africa much more vulnerable to preventable and avoidable diseases. Diseases like ebola, sars, malaria, extreme multiple and/or extreme drug resistant (MDR and XDR respectively) tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS; incidences of high fertility, infant and maternal mortality rates and inadequate immunization coverage all threaten to derail whatever gains have been made towards addressing the health-related millennium development goals (MDGs). In Africa, HIV/AIDS has been observed to be a factor in all other illnesses and diseases, acute and chronic. For example, tuberculosis has always been an index diagnosis for HIV/AIDS and recently the emergence of MDR TB has posed an added challenge in the management of HIV/AIDS. Tuberculosis alone carries a morbidity of more than 10 million people worldwide. The morbidity of HIV/AIDS is not only medical and physical but it is also psychosocial, economic and political. It is estimated that of the 39·5 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 67% of these are in Sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2008). The most affected countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa) have a prevalence of HIV/AIDS among adults of more than 20% (http://www.avert.org/aidsimpact.htm, http://www.avert.org/hiv_aids_africa.htm). Women are the most affected as they constitute 59% of all adults living with HIV. In 2007, Swaziland alone had the highest adult HIV prevalence of 26·1%, a prevalence rate of 42% among pregnant women and a reduced life expectancy of 31 years (UNAIDS, 2008). The pandemic has caused immense suffering to individuals, families, communities and industries in the form of disease, social ills such as abuse, abandonment and loss in terms of death, income, assets, body and self-image, self-worth (stigma), childbearing potential and change in lifestyle. Since 1981, when the HIV virus was first identified, more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS and AIDS-related illnesses, eight million of these were mothers and more than three million children were born HIV positive. It is estimated that 1·5 million people have died as a result of AIDS in 2007 alone (http://www.avert.org/aidsimpact.htm). Maternal death rate is recorded at 150 per 100 000 pregnancies and without the dual therapy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), the risk is 30% higher (Department of Health, South Africa 2008). Everywhere there are reports of huge societal stress imposed by constant bereavements and rising levels of premature orphanhood with all the attendant family disruptions and dysfunctions (granny headed households, school deficiencies and, lately, child-headed households). In Sub-Saharan Africa, there are 12 million children under the age of 18 that are reportedly orphaned by AIDS (http://www.avert.org/subaadults.htm). The AIDS orphans are especially vulnerable as these children are not able to realise the fundamental rights of childhood. The child-headed household phenomenon accelerates children’s maturity, depriving these children (some of whom are infected with the HI virus), of their childhood; a right that is paramount for normal growth and development. Some of the orphans are bitter because parents almost invariably do not disclose their status and children only learn about this at the time of death or thereafter. This has been reported as a foundation for a bitter and depressed society. In the era of HIV/AIDS, malaria has also emerged with new strains that are resistant to the known remedies. A combination of malaria and HIV/AIDS is thus fatal with the vital systems, cardio-vascular, haematological and lymphatic, respiratory and nervous systems, being the most affected. Apart from HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria, there are the non-communicable diseases (NCD) that are chronic and brought about by long exposure to unhealthy lifestyle, hence the name ‘Diseases of lifestyle. Like HIV and AIDS, diseases of lifestyle are based on behaviour, like smoking, alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, inadequate rest and lack of exercise. The diseases include obesity, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, cancers of all systems, constipation, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, emphysema, Alzheimer’s disease and other mental health problems as evidenced by stress and depression (http://www.naturalhealthperspective.com/home/civilization.html, http://en.Wikipedia.org/Wiki/lifestyle-diseases). These diseases carry high morbidity and mortality rates, for example cerebro-vascular accidents (stroke) and heart attacks. As Africa is increasingly becoming industrialised and westernised, its people are also being acculturated, whereupon the translation from the rural culture-bound habitat results in a change in their diets, eating habits, general behaviour and activity. Drug abuse including Alcoholism is now a pandemic that is affecting rich and poor nations and all sectors and class (high, middle and low class) of the population, literate and illiterate alike. Alcoholism has resulted in family disorganization, loss of employment, early drop out from school, poverty, violence and crime. People under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs are much more likely to spread the HI virus rendering prevention much more difficult. In sub-Saharan Africa, the causes of the diseases of lifestyle are often mistaken for wealth and because they are insidious, diagnosis is usually late. The current burden of chronic diseases reflects the cumulative effect of unhealthy lifestyles. For example, the impact of alcohol consumption by a pregnant mother may be evidenced by the infant’s birthweight, characteristic features and mental retardation. In their study, Steyn and Damasceno (2006) have confirmed that cigarette smoking and diet high in fat and salt and low in roughage lead to the emergence of chronic risk factors. The authors have also pointed out that diets in Sub-Saharan Africa are protective because they are low in fat and high in unrefined carbohydrates. Africans who move to the urban areas however tend to change their foods and eating habits to consume large amounts of saturated fats, sugar, eggs and less fibre, and also tend to walk less, hence the increased prevalence of the chronic diseases of western countries. The impact of violence in the health of individuals can be profound. Violence can be painful and protracted at the time it occurs. Its consequences may be chronic sometimes permanent. Violence can be at a country level as well as at an individual level. At a country level, unstable governments and weak or poor governance lead to conflicts, wars, displacements of citizens and abuse, especially that of women and children. This alone is a violation of the rights of citizens to safe and secure environments. Violence at a country level results in untold difficulties. Displaced citizens, usually women, children, the older and infirm people, are beaten, raped and sometimes killed. They loose their property, belongings, documents; families may in some instances disperse never to meet again and their health is compromised due to the poor living conditions they are exposed to. The psychological impact of displacement results in mental disorders that may never be cured as evidenced by a permanent state of depression among those affected. At an individual level, trauma from domestic violence has become a global and a human rights concern. This includes gender violence, intimate partner violence, child and older people abuse. Health practitioners are not immune from violence. Health workers can also experience violence at work at the hands of patients or their seniors. The violence can be physical, sexual, emotional or can take the form of intimidation, humiliation, economic deprivation, threats of violence. Another form of individual violence is that of road motor vehicle accidents whereupon pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers, especially the young males are particularly affected. The consequences of violence may be such that chronic illnesses are precipitated with pain as the main symptom and loss of ability to work predisposing victims to poverty. Poverty is another challenge that impacts on the health of citizens, the development of nations, the economy of the world, communication, governance and many others. Poverty is chronic in nature. Simply defined, it is the shortage of common requirements basic to survival such as food, clothing, shelter, safe drinking water all of which determine the standard and quality of life. It also includes lack of access to opportunities such as education and employment. According to the World Bank report (2001), poverty can either be absolute or relative. Absolute poverty relates to those people who live on less than US$1·25 per day if in extreme poverty or US$2·50 if in moderate poverty. In 2005, an estimated 1·1 billion people were living below the US$1 mark while over three billion people were reported to be living on less than US$2·50 a day, lacked shelter, did not have access to education and health, were unemployed. Nearly a billion poor people entered the 21st century unable to read or write. This is especially so in Africa where the few who get educated leave the continent for better employment and remuneration opportunities abroad. It is also reported that 27–30 000 children die everyday from malnutrition and preventable diseases and illnesses (Kaler & Rennert 2008). Relative poverty is socially defined and it is measured in terms of inequality rather than material deprivation and hardship. According to this explanation then, relative poverty may be understood as an aspect of unequal social status and inequitable social relationships experienced as social exclusion, dependency, diminished capacity to participate in politics, low self-esteem and no dignity. This impacts on governance where issues of democracy are highly compromised, where in developing poor nations government policies are instrumental in enhancing unstable government systems resulting in corruption, lack of development, constant internal conflicts and wars, displacements of citizens and the affected countries falling prey to developed countries. Poor governance in developing countries results in poor leadership and this tends to encourage the dominance of developed countries over those in the developing stages. According to the Global Monitoring report (2004) of the Development bank, countries, both developing and developed, have committed to, by 2015, halve poverty rates. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the projection is that the 44·6% of the people living on US$2 per day should be halved by 2015. What this means is that governments need to improve relations with other governments, control their borders and give direction in the form of good governance. Similarly, countries need to increase trade and employment opportunities for their citizens; reduce levels of illiteracy, improve access to health facilities to ensure healthy nations. It is imperative that poor countries like those on the African continent must increase trade amongst themselves instead of trading only with the developed countries because this practice perpetuates the economic imbalance in favour of the rich. Poverty cuts across all aspects of health-illness and disease. Poverty and disease are inextricably linked. Diseases of poverty are associated with poor living conditions as is characteristic of growing democracies. The indicators include political strifes, unemployment, poor housing, overcrowding, poor sanitation, malnutrition, illiteracy, violence and destructive behaviours such as prostitution, alcoholism and drug abuse. HIV/AIDS is now a pandemic that is adding pressure to the health systems. Presently the medical costs (excluding antiretroviral therapy) have been estimated at about US$30 per year for every infected person while the overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year for most African countries (http://www.avert.org/aidsimpact.htm). As the pandemic matures, the demand for care for those living with the virus increases, as does the toll of AIDS on the health workers. Poverty and its associated diseases present as a challenge as management of these depends on how poverty alleviation programmes are managed inter and intra-sectorally within countries. A comprehensive developmental approach in addressing the challenges presented here is recommended. The effectiveness of programmes relating to poverty alleviation, malaria control and prevention of transmission of HIV/AIDS from person to person as well as from mother to child needs to be monitored and evaluated. Coordination and collaboration amongst countries should be supported as it has become clear that individual country efforts are not likely to succeed. At regional level, dynamic leadership and political commitment at all levels of government are required to devise strategies whereupon government, business and nursing formations can jointly negotiate people-centred multi sectoral mechanisms to address these issues.
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The Consequences of Inaction: Climate Change and the Challenges for Rural and Agrarian Policy in Africa - Molua, Ernest L. (2009)
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Preference for teaching as a career among students at the University of Botswana - Montsi, Mercy R.; Nenty, H. Johnson (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2009)
The lack of favourable affective inputs by teacher trainees into their training programme hampers the effectiveness of the programme as well as resulting in products that are psychological 'misfits' in the field. Given this problem, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which preference for teaching as a career by teacher trainees at the University of Botswana (UB), along with the programme into which they are enrolled, influences some anticipated teaching-related behaviour among students. Data for the inferential survey study was collected using a validated questionnaire from a sample of 452 PGDE and BEd UB teacher trainees. Analyses using chi-square and two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test statistical techniques were done to test seven research hypotheses in the null form. The findings showed that the programme into which UB teacher trainees have enrolled (PGDE or BEd) significantly determines their level of preference for teaching as a career and this has a significant influence on their affective inputs into the programme as well as into teaching. These findings were discussed and recommendations made.
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Teacher trainees’ level of preparedness for inclusive education in Botswana schools: need for change - Moswela, Emmanuel; Mukhopadhyay, Sourav; Molosiwa, Serefete (2009)
The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which the University of Botswana special education teacher-training programme. Inclusive education has gained significant currency nationally and internationally. Inclusive education demands that the teacher should be able to meet the needs of students with disabilities in a regular/ordinary classroom. The success of inclusive education rests on quality teacher preparation gearing towards inclusive education. How teachers are prepared is intrinsically linked to the quality of education provided in the schools. Qualitative research method was used to explore how teachers are prepared for inclusive education in Botswana. Eighteen final year special education student teachers were involved in two focus group discussions. Findings of this study revealed that special education student-teachers were not prepared to meet the learning needs of diverse categories of learners with disabilities in inclusive settings. Based on the findings of this study, a teacher preparation model is proposed for successful implementation of inclusive basic education in Botswana.
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Challenges facing the Education of Hearing Impairments Learners in Schools in Masinga Division, Yatta District, Kenya. - Muinde, Aderson M (2009)
A research report submitted to Institute of Open and Distance Learning in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of a Degree in Special Needs Education of Kampala International University Uganda.
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THE 1994-1995 MANYARA AND KWAMTORO EARTHQUAKE SWARMS: VARIATION IN THE DEPTH EXTENT OF SEISMICITY IN NORTHERN TANZANIA - Mulibo, G. D.; Nyblade, A. (South African Journal of Geology, 2009)
Research Article| December 01, 2009 THE 1994–1995 MANYARA AND KWAMTORO EARTHQUAKE SWARMS: VARIATION IN THE DEPTH EXTENT OF SEISMICITY IN NORTHERN TANZANIA G.D. MULIBO; G.D. MULIBO Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States of America, email: gmulibo@geosc.psu.edu, andy@geosc.psu.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A.A. NYBLADE A.A. NYBLADE Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States of America, email: gmulibo@geosc.psu.edu, andy@geosc.psu.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information G.D. MULIBO Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States of America, email: gmulibo@geosc.psu.edu, andy@geosc.psu.edu A.A. NYBLADE Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States of America, email: gmulibo@geosc.psu.edu, andy@geosc.psu.edu Publisher: Geological Society of South Africa First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1996-8590 Print ISSN: 1012-0750 © 2009 Geological Society of South Africa South African Journal of Geology (2009) 112 (3-4): 387–404. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.112.3-4.387 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation G.D. MULIBO, A.A. NYBLADE; THE 1994–1995 MANYARA AND KWAMTORO EARTHQUAKE SWARMS: VARIATION IN THE DEPTH EXTENT OF SEISMICITY IN NORTHERN TANZANIA. South African Journal of Geology 2009;; 112 (3-4): 387–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.112.3-4.387 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySouth African Journal of Geology Search Advanced Search Abstract Seismicity within two earthquake swarms (mb 1.0 to 4.0) in northern Tanzania recorded by the 1994–1995 Tanzania Broadband Seismic Experiment has been investigated through event relocation, modelling of regional depth phases and examination of focal mechanisms. In the Manyara swarm, seismicity is distributed over a region ~20 km wide and extends to >30 km depth. Hypocenters correlate well with the Manyara Rift, and focal mechanisms of many events show normal faulting with nodal planes having the same north-northeast orientation as the Manyara Rift border fault. This result indicates that the events are consistent with slip along the border fault and related faults beneath the Manyara Rift, and shows that the faults extend into the lower crust. Seismicity in the KwaMtoro swarm is distributed over a region ~10 km wide but extends only to ~12 km depth. There are no mapped faults above the swarm, but a strong correlation between the north to south orientation of the swarm, the north to south orientation of nodal planes in focal mechanisms, and north to south striking extensional structures nearby, suggest that events in this swarm could be caused by slip on a system of rift faults. However, a magma-driven origin for either swarm cannot be ruled out either. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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An assessment of partnerships between technical vocational education and training and its stakeholders in the development of Ethiopian SMEs - Munzwa, Killian (Economia: Seria Management, 2009)
This paper examines Ethiopian technical, vocational education and training (TVET) in terms of policy, strategies, curriculum, implementation, practice and challenges faced on the ground by both the TVET program and the nation in meeting the skills needs of industry and human capital development in general as enunciated in the goals of [Education Sector Development Programme] ESDP III, (Ministry of Education, 2005). In doing this the paper reviews the skills needs of industry against the capacity of the institutions of higher educations’ capacity to meet these needs. It is in this context that the appropriateness of the curriculum and its implementation in respect of the TVET goals is scrutinized (Ministry of Education, 2008). Furthermore, government policies and strategies in the identification and selection of appropriate candidates for the TVET program and the incorporation of stakeholders are examined.
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Managing change in schools of the Kavango region in Namibia - Muyeghu, Augustinus (2009)
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Behavioural Changevis-à-visHIV&AIDS Knowledge Mismatch among Adolescents. The Case of Some Selected Schools in Zomba, Malawi - Mwale, Marisen (South African Journal of Psychology, 2009)
Most researchers on adolescent reproductive health and related susceptibility to contracting HIV&AIDS have highlighted the ironical mismatch preponderant between adolescent knowledge of HIV&AIDS transmission dynamics and behavioural change exemplified in part by abstinence but also condom use. The paradox is compounded by the fact that survey data appear to depict heightened knowledge of the dynamics per se. Empirical data have previously posited variables such as peer pressure and other psychosocial factors as the crisis in adolescence in explaining the anomaly. Results in the current study, however, reveal the culture of silence; the disdain towards AIDS messages and retrogressive cultural practices as alternative explanation. The results were obtained through survey data from adolescent students in selected schools in Zomba, a district in southern Malawi, and are discussed within the larger context of the applicability of cognitive dissonance theory to the AIDS pandemic.
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Patient satisfaction with oral health care among secondary school students in Manyoni town, Tanzania - Mwalutambi, Samwel; Kikwilu, EN (Tanzania Dental Journal, 2009)
Aim: To determine patient satisfaction with oral care among ordinary-level secondary school students in Manyoni town.Study Design: Cross sectional school-based study.Study participants and methods: 207 students aged 13-21 years old from all 4 ordinary-level secondary schools in Manyoni town who ever received oral care before filled in a self administered 4-point Likert's scale questionnaire on patient satisfaction.Data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5.Chi-square test was used to determine the differences in the distribution of individuals over satisfaction scale.Significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results:Of 222 questionnaires distributed, 207 were returned (93.2% response rate).Overall 77.8% of the respondents were satisfied with oral care.Explanation of treatment, treatment received and cleanliness of clinic were the most satisfying aspects of oral care, while waiting time was the most dissatisfying aspect.Respondents whose parents were businessmen/women were more dissatisfied with explanation of treatment than respondents whose parents were peasants or employed (p = 0.02).Respondents who had received scaling were more dissatisfied with the cleanliness of the clinic (p < 0.0001); and cost of the treatment (p < 0.0001).Respondents who received tooth extraction were more satisfied with treatment received (p = 0.01) and reception (p < 0.05) than their counterparts who received scaling and or a restoration.Conclusion: Majority of secondary school students were satisfied with oral care.Respondents who had received periodontal treatment were more dissatisfied with oral care than those who had received tooth extraction or restoration.
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Occurrences and Effects of Drought across Africa - Mwangi, Margaret (AGUFM, 2009)
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Perceptions of Principals’ Responsibilities in-Loco-Parentis in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Nakpodia, E. D. (International journal of educational sciences, 2009)
This paper reviewed the perceptions of principals’ responsibilities in-loco-parentis in Nigerian secondary schools, using the theoretical method, applied precedent cases and administrative examples. This work also suggested that possible modifications may be needed especially where past laws of operations have been revised. This approach could allow for more harmony among parents, students, teachers and principals, in assuming a peaceful teaching and learning atmosphere, thereby discouraging unnecessary litigations based on unreasonable rules and regulations.
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Aftershock activity of a M2 earthquake in a deep South African gold mine - spatial distribution and magnitude-frequency relation - Naoi, Makoto; Nakatani, Masao; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Plenkers, Katrin; Yabe, Yasuo (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Under the big tree : challenges and accomplishments of Gqaina, a primary school for Ju/'hoan children in Omaheke, Namibia - Ninova, Velina Ninkova (2009)
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Hidden and subtle effects of racism in law and school policy in post-apartheid South Africa - Ntshoe, Isaac (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2009)
Despite major achievements in terms of passing legislation and developing policies to desegregate and deracialise schools globally, hidden and covert racism in the application of law and school policy stubbornly remains a challenge for many nations. The purpose of this article is to examine school desegregation and deracialisation in a school district, referred to as District Two, in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It further draws parallels with Zimbabwe's experiences of school desegregation and deracialisation. Its focus is on hidden and covert racism in law and school policy and practice. The article argues that the expected disharmony between different pieces of legislation and policies on school desegregation and deracialisation in post-apartheid South Africa has created space for contradictory interpretations of the policies. This contradiction has opened opportunities for some schools to practise racism, albeit hidden, covert and subtle. The article concludes that the neutrality and objectivity of jurisprudence and the decentralisation of policy implementation to schools have the potential to recreate and reproduce historical inequities and inequalities in education in post-apartheid South Africa. The article also demonstrates that implementation will always be subjected to diverse interpretation, even if the law and policy are clearly and unambiguously crafted.
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Colonialism, education and social change in the British Empire: the cases of Australia, Papua New Guinea and Ireland - O’Donoghue, Tom (Paedagogica Historica, 2009)
This paper focuses on the history of relations between colonialism, schooling and social change in Australia, Papua New Guinea and Ireland, countries that were once part of the British Empire. It indicates that responses to schooling ranged from acceptance and tolerance, to modification and rejection, depending on the country, the issue, and the historical period. There were also differences in the historical connections in schooling between Britain itself and each country: regarding Australia, the relationship was predominantly unidirectional, from the centre to the Antipodes; in PNG British educational ideas which arrived were filtered through the Australian administration; while in Ireland, British initiatives in schooling contributed not only to social change there, but also helped produce loyal personnel to work in Britain and the colonies. Attention is also given to areas of interdependence and interconnectedness, and to illustrating how conducting such case studies is important in order to help counter alternative interpretations promoted by powerful sectors in society in the interest of reproducing their social privilege.
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Impact on ecotourism by water pollution in the Olifants River catchment, South Africa - Oberholster, Paul Johan (2009)
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Referral mode and pattern of malocclusion among patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Od, Oluranti; Lu, Ifeoma (PubMed, 2009)
In Nigeria, the awareness of the dentition and its role in the overall facial beauty is increasing, especially in the urban areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the demand for orthodontic treatment and the pattern of malocclusion in patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.A 5-year retrospective study of 633 patients, 288 males (45.5%) and 345 females (54.5%) attending the orthodontic unit of the hospital.The patients seen ranged from 1 to 50 years with the most frequent age group being that of 12-17 years constituting 37.5% of the total patients seen. Adult patients made up 30.7% of attending patients. Self-referred patients constituted 64.1% of this population. Class I molar relationship was predominantly occurring seen in 76.7% of patients. Anterior segment crowding was recorded in 38.7% and 43.2% of the patients for the upper and lower arch respectively. Marked increase in overjet was observed in 32.2%. Overbite discrepancies were recorded with 26.2% of patients with deep bite and 11.2% of patients with anterior open bite. A history or ongoing oral habit was recorded in 61.8% of patients.
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Referral mode and pattern of malocclusion among patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Od, Oluranti; Lu, Ifeoma (PubMed, 2009)
In Nigeria, the awareness of the dentition and its role in the overall facial beauty is increasing, especially in the urban areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the demand for orthodontic treatment and the pattern of malocclusion in patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.A 5-year retrospective study of 633 patients, 288 males (45.5%) and 345 females (54.5%) attending the orthodontic unit of the hospital.The patients seen ranged from 1 to 50 years with the most frequent age group being that of 12-17 years constituting 37.5% of the total patients seen. Adult patients made up 30.7% of attending patients. Self-referred patients constituted 64.1% of this population. Class I molar relationship was predominantly occurring seen in 76.7% of patients. Anterior segment crowding was recorded in 38.7% and 43.2% of the patients for the upper and lower arch respectively. Marked increase in overjet was observed in 32.2%. Overbite discrepancies were recorded with 26.2% of patients with deep bite and 11.2% of patients with anterior open bite. A history or ongoing oral habit was recorded in 61.8% of patients.
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Referral mode and pattern of malocclusion among patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Od, Oluranti; Lu, Ifeoma (PubMed, 2009)
In Nigeria, the awareness of the dentition and its role in the overall facial beauty is increasing, especially in the urban areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the demand for orthodontic treatment and the pattern of malocclusion in patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.A 5-year retrospective study of 633 patients, 288 males (45.5%) and 345 females (54.5%) attending the orthodontic unit of the hospital.The patients seen ranged from 1 to 50 years with the most frequent age group being that of 12-17 years constituting 37.5% of the total patients seen. Adult patients made up 30.7% of attending patients. Self-referred patients constituted 64.1% of this population. Class I molar relationship was predominantly occurring seen in 76.7% of patients. Anterior segment crowding was recorded in 38.7% and 43.2% of the patients for the upper and lower arch respectively. Marked increase in overjet was observed in 32.2%. Overbite discrepancies were recorded with 26.2% of patients with deep bite and 11.2% of patients with anterior open bite. A history or ongoing oral habit was recorded in 61.8% of patients.
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Non-Governmental Organisation and the Promotion of American Education in Nigeria, 1941-1953 - Ogbeidi, Michael M. (Nebula, 2009)
Introduction The end of World War II signalled the beginning of a period of massive expansion of higher education in the United States. One important consequence of this was that Nigerians who had received their higher education in America agitated for the application of what they perceived be the greater adaptability of American educational model the needs of Nigeria. Against this background, this paper discusses the activities of some nongovernmental organisation in propagating the American educational model, particularly in Nigeria and Africa a whole. Furthermore, these organisations came into existence towards the end and immediately after World War II. These organisations had a common aim of encouraging interactions between Nigerian youths who were hungry for higher education and American schools, colleges and universities. Many Nigerians and indeed Africans who were resident in the United States of America during and immediately after World War II took upon themselves the burden of performing the duties of unaccredited cultural ambassadors. (1) Many of these Africans expounded their views on politics, economy, culture and education among other issues, to receptive audiences in churches, voluntary organisation, newspapers, and journals of opinion, usually but not always run by African-Americans committed cultural nationalism. (2) In line with their new titles the 'unaccredited cultural ambassadors of Nigeria,' some Nigerians and other fellow Africans went ahead establish organisations, such the African Students Association of the United States and Canada (A.S.A) in 1941, the African Academy of Arts and Research (A.A.A.R.) in 1943, and the American Council on African Education (A.C.A.E.) in 1944. (3) These organisations were established by their promoters mainly promote and facilitate the admission of Nigerians and other Africans into American schools and colleges and protect the welfare of their members. The contributions of these organisations the acquisition of American diplomas and degrees mainly by Nigerians form the primary focus of our discussion. However, it is important mention that of less significance our study is the A.S.A. because this organization was a mere umbrella body for all African students in the United States and Canada. It was set up mainly by Nigerian students who were studying at Lincoln University in 1941. (4) Though this organization was primarily interested in the welfare of its members, yet it succeeded a large extent in creating awareness back home about the benefits inherent in the acquisition of American education. The African Academy of Arts and Research (A.A.A.R.) Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe, a Nigerian, had a strong conviction that there should be an organization provide a meeting ground for mutual exchange of views between the peoples of America and Africa; out of this conviction was the A.A.A.R born in New York in November, 1943. (5) The A.A.A.R. was founded primarily with the aim of positively projecting African culture and also facilitate educational and cultural exchanges between Africa and Other objectives of the A.A.A.R. included the promotion of research, information, and news a way educate Americans about African culture and promote African independence. What is more, as part of its exchange programme, the A.A.A.R. aimed secure scholarship in American schools for African students and promote the exchange of teachers between Africa and America. (6) To fulfil some of its objectives, the academy embarked on the promotion of African culture in the United States through cultural shows for which it sponsored well acclaimed African Dance Festivals at Carnegie Hall in 1943, 1945 and 1946 spark American interest in African culture. The academy also published two journals in 1945 titled Africa Today and Tomorrow, a collection of eighteen essays on African history, culture and politics, and The African Eagle, both under the editorship of H. …
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Sigtuna Think Piece 1: Climate Change Education in Africa - Ogbuigwe, Akpezi (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Climate change has placed the environment firmly on the international agenda. It is one subject that all nations of the world must relate to and address. Africa is not left out. Though Africa produces less than 10% of total greenhouse gas emissions, the continent was noted as one of the most vulnerable to climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007). There is therefore a justifiable call for adaptation and mitigation policies to help Africa cope with the challenges of climate change. This will require the involvement of every sector and individual; and this is where climate change education is seen as critical in empowering citizens and leadership and mobilising positive response to the climate change challenge. This think piece highlights the present uncertainties surrounding climate change science, identifies other critical areas of study and argues for a cross-disciplinary research agenda for Africa that will create opportunities for knowledge sharing within the continent with an emphasis on provision of solutions to the continent’s problems, preferably in the context of indigenous knowledge systems. It concludes by emphasising that climate change education should not be viewed in isolation of the critical foundation provided by environmental education. Africa needs to build its climate education strategy and research agenda on the already existing worldwide effort to bring about environmental citizenship in all spheres of society through environmental education. For Africa, this means domesticating environmental education in order that it addresses the present and foreseen environmental challenges that the continent is facing, laying a particular emphasis on adaptation and mitigation of climate change effects.
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Internationalisation of higher education in a South African university: A phenomenographic study of students' conceptions - Ojo, Emmanuel; Booth, Shirley (Education As Change, 2009)
This paper concerns the internationalisation of higher education, and presents specifically the results of an empirical study of postgraduate students at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. The work uses a qualitative methodology – phenomenography – that aims to explore the qualitatively different ways in which a group of people experience a specific phenomenon, in this case internationalisation of higher education. Four qualitatively different ways of experiencing it are described, constituting the phenomenographic outcome space. The results are discussed in terms of a model that has been devised, grounded in Bernstein's concepts of domains of socialisation. The aim of the work is to inform and influence a holistic policy for internationalisation at the University by relating these experiences to the context of the university, thereby creating an enhanced teaching and learning environment.
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P1.154 Frequency of cognitive impairment and depression in Nigerians with Parkinson's disease - Ojo, Oluwadamilola O.; Okubadejo, Njide (Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 2009)
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Corporate Establishments' Preferences and the Quest for Overseas' Qualifications by Nigerian University Students. - Okunola, Rashidi Akanji; Ikuomola, Adediran Daniel (Educational Research Review, 2009)
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Introduction of general education courses to engineering programmes at the University of Botswana - Oladiran, M. Tunde; Uziak, J. (International Journal of Engineering Education, 2009)
Complementary studies are fundamental for accreditation of engineering programmes in line with the Washington Accord. This paper presents the experiences of the University of Botswana in introducing General Education Courses (GECs) for the purpose of broadening the educational experience of all students, with particular reference to engineering students. Students registration data captured in the Integrated Tertiary Software (ITS) were analysed using Excel software. The five-year study period was from 2002 to 2007. Results indicate that engineering students mainly took GECs offered by the science and technology disciplines. It is concluded that GECs should be retained within the engineering programmes but the student advisory system should be improved and skills (e.g. IT competencies) that are important for professional development should be embedded in core courses instead of in general education.
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Instructional Technology in Higher Education: A Case of Selected Universities in the Niger Delta - Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince; Eke, Paul; Uzorka, Michael Chukwuwieke; Ekpenyong, Nkereuwem Stephen; Nte, Ngboawaji Daniel (Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 2009)
This article examines the effectiveness of instructional technology in higher education institutions in relation to the role and usage of Information Communication Technology (ICT), its effectiveness in faculty teaching and its impact on student learning in universities in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This study applied the Need Assessment Approach (NAA). A self-designed questionnaire, that employed benchmarks from similar studies conducted in the West, was used to collect data for this study. One hundred and twenty five (n = 125) respondents participated in the study. The results suggest that there are significant relationships between the impact of instructional technology, the usage of instructional technology and students’ academic achievement. An absence of ICT instructional materials, ineffective policy implementation and a lack of other resources (infrastructures) to aid teaching and learning are responsible for short comings in the effective implementation of ICT in education. The study revealed that experience makes it easier to employ and exhibit greater proficiency when using ICT instructional material in the teaching and learning process. The findings and nature of this study bare implications for higher education administrators, faculty and researchers. By design, this research was based on a narrow field of literature and a small sample size. Consequently, it is recommended that further studies are based on a more widespread survey of literature and a larger sample size, which might also involve multiple case studies.
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African students from refugee backgrounds in Australian TAFE institutes: A case for transformative learning goals and processes - Onsando, Gerald; Billett, Stephen (The international journal of training research, 2009)
Australian Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes are perhaps the most heterogeneous of the nation’s educational sectors. However, TAFE institutes’ capacity to provide inclusive education is constrained by their curriculum focus and pedagogical practices and culturally premised assumptions that may inhibit learning for students from diverse cultural backgrounds and life experiences. This paper reports from a study that investigated the experiences of learning for African students from refugee backgrounds in TAFE institutes. Adopting phenomenological methodology, the study illuminates ways in which the students’ earlier and current experiences shape their learning at TAFE institutes. The findings indicate that, while greatly appreciating being in a safe environment, African students from refugee backgrounds nevertheless experience racial discrimination and social exclusion as they resettle in Australia. Also, the pedagogical practices at TAFE institutes do not always recognise or accommodate the students’ socio-cultural backgrounds and refugee life experiences. In all, the ‘experienced curriculum’ created unhelpful dissonances for these students. Consequently, the paper argues that in order to benefit more fully from their educational experiences in TAFE and also to effectively engage more in the wider Australian society activities, including employment, these students require particular interventions from these institutes and those who teach in them. It is proposed that a social inclusive transformative learning approach intervention is required for African students from refugee backgrounds to attain meaningful educational outcomes in TAFE institutes.
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Teacher Quality and Student Achievement in Kiswahili in Primary Schools of Kasipul Division, South Rachuonyo District, Nyanza Province Of Kenya - Oscar, Jonyo Okeyo (2009)
A Research Report Submitted to the Institute of Continuing and Distance Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor of Education Arts (Primary) of Kampala International University
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Inflate, Pause, Erupt, Recharge: the 2008 Alu eruption in the Erta ‘Ale volcanic system (Ethiopia) - Pagli, Carolina; Wright, T. J.; Ebinger, C. J.; Barnie, Talfan; Ayele, Atalay (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Atmospheric dust contribution to budget of U-series nuclides in weathering profiles. The Mount Cameroon volcano - Pelt, Éric; Chabaux, François; Innocent, Christophe; Ghaleb, Bassam (AGUFM, 2009)
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Temporal evolution of diffuse CO2 emission from the summit crater of Fogo volcano, Cape Verde - Perez, P. A. Hernandez; Tavares, Pedro Fernandes; Melián, Gladys V.; Fonseca, J.; Calvo, David; Victoria, S. M. Silva; Padrón, Eleazar; Rodriguez, J. A. P.; Rodríguez, Fátima; Cabral, Jeremías; Gomes, A.; Padilla, Germán D.; et al. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Shallow and Deep Earthquake Sequences Captured in the North Tanzanian Divergence, East Africa: Inferences on Seismogenic Processes and Rheology - Perrot, Julie; Deschamps, A.; Déverchère, Jacques; Albaric, Julie; Gall, Bernard Le; Richard, Ferdinandi (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Sigtuna Think Piece 6: A Case of Exploring Learning Interactions in Rural Farming Communities of Practice in Manicaland, Zimbabwe - Pesanayi, Tichaona (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Food insecurity is one of the major threats to sustainable development in Africa, and particularly southern Africa. Climate change is increasingly having negative impacts on food production, further increasing the vulnerability of resource-poor communities. This paper outlines a research study conducted in two Zimbabwean smallholder communities of practice, with the aim of understanding learning interactions taking place within the community of practice that influence its choice of cultivated food plants. This would hopefully inform capability-centred teaching and learning. The study was conducted in the context of vulnerability to environment risk, socio-political pressures and a market-oriented agro-based economy in recession. Various causal mechanisms influencing plant-food choice were identified using critical realist ontological analysis. These included mixed messages from external influences in conflict with local knowledge due to power knowledge relationships. A number of learning interactions were found to be important in promoting the adaptive capacity of the farmers to chronic drought, which included inter-generational knowledge sharing; farmer to farmer exchange and reflective dialogue; experiential learning; farmers ‘passing on’ part of their harvests to other farmers; farming communities learning from risk and responding to risk; and learning from trying things out. The implications for capability-centred social learning processes were that it is important to understand the causal mechanisms that influence choices; and to confront tensions, while reducing ambivalence. A focus on more sustainable alternatives, feasible and practical for farmers, was recommended. These findings, in the context of one case study, create research questions to be examined in other case contexts in environmental education research focusing on climate change learning and adaptation.
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Apartheid and Post-Apartheid Intern Clinical Psychology Training in South Africa - Pillay, Anand (Psychological Reports, 2009)
An analysis of race and sex of clinical psychology interns was undertaken at a major training hospital complex during the Apartheid and Post-apartheid periods. 7 of 87 (8.1%) interns trained in the apartheid period were Black African. Significantly more Black Africans and women were trained during the Post-apartheid period. The results were discussed within the context of South Africa's social and political transition, as well as international trends relating to sex and professional psychology.
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The information needs of student library users and the fulfilment thereof at the University of South Africa - Ramasodi, Busisiwe (2009)
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Slums, climate change and human health in sub-Saharan Africa - Ramin, Brodie (Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2009)
Infec-tious disease outbreaks are also precipi-tated by the high population density found in these areas, with overcrowding triggering epidemic-prone infections like pertussis and influenza.Children bear a disproportionate burden of disease in slums. In Ethiopia and the Niger, rates of child malnutri-tion in both urban slums and rural areas are around 40%.
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Constraining Formation Models for the Cameroon Volcanic Line Using Broadband Seismic Data - Reusch, A. M.; Nyblade, A. A.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Tibi, Rigobert; Shore, P.; Euler, G. G. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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The Tsunami Triggered by the El Asnam (Algeria) Earthquake of 1980: a New Hypothesis of Generation - Roger, Jean; Hébert, Hélène; Briole, Pierre (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Knowledge, attitude and practices study on reproductive health among secondary school students in Bolgatanga, upper east region, Ghana. - Rondini, Simona; Krugu, John K. (PubMed, 2009)
This study was conducted within the secondary school student population of the Bolgatanga community, in Northern Ghana, to learn about knowledge, attitude and practices of reproductive health of this adolescent student population. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected on adolescence perception, STIs and HIV/AIDS, family planning, male-female relationship, and vulnerability to sexual violence. The data collected show a concerning low familiarity of the student population with family planning methods and HIV/AIDS transmission, which, combined with minimal contraceptive use, pose them at high risk for unwanted pregnancies and sexual infections transmission. We argue that poor infrastructures and low accessibility of these rural areas in Northern Ghana may have led to uneven distribution of reproductive health educational programs in the country, urging more programs and interventions aimed particularly at these high risk groups.
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Steps Towards Averting Desertification in the Sefiane Rural Community, Algeria: The Role of Environmental Education - Roux, Cheryl le; Bouazid, Tayeb (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Desertification reflects and contributes towards societal problems such as poverty, underdevelopment and lack of food security. For mere survival purposes, many people feel they have no option but to engage in environmentally unsustainable activities that further contribute to desertification and perpetuate the cycle. Constraints in successfully dealing with desertification have been identified as being a lack of adequate and validated information on the different aspects of the phenomenon in individual areas, a lack of sustainable development plans for desertified areas, a lack of active awareness-raising campaigns, a lack of appropriate training on assessment and mitigation of desertification and the neglect of local stakeholder involvement in addressing land degradation and desertification. This paper provides a contextual profile of desertification and land degradation processes in the Sefiane rural community in Algeria, focusing on how the community’s survival is affected by their current farming activities. A qualitative study using a snowball sampling technique to identify respondents was conducted. Data collection tools included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The research findings, which highlighted activities that farmers engage in that compromise their ability to sustain their environment and their livelihood, were considered and used as a guideline to develop a framework for a contextually relevant environmental education programme that could empower the local community to address the land degradation and sustainable agricultural concerns in their community.
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E-learning for healthcare professionals towards HIS in Egypt - Safwat, Amena; Pourabdollah, Amir (2009)
E-learning systems such as computer based training (CBT) and Web based training (WBT) are globally proving their reliability and importance with respect to traditional knowledge gaining methods. In healthcare, a huge potential to apply these techniques is observed and consequently, new research opportunities are increasingly taking our attentions (e.g., Telemedicine). The integration of e-learning and healthcare systems is expected to leave a huge impact on countries wherein certain knowledge is hardly available (i.e., developing nations). Egypt is the case study selected for having major problems in healthcare. This research methodology is qualitative with proof of some empirical data, gathered from experiments held online for a group of Egyptian healthcare professionals using two different delivery techniques of content with the same pedagogical strategies. In an attempt to analyze the driven results after delivering this e-course using two different techniques, it was concluded that the WBT method was better as a more learner-centered, motivating, content-focused, allowing collaboration and discussion between peers, at effective timing, however it was harder to implement. While the CBT method which was distributed at a larger scale, as a stand-alone solution where people took at their convenient time and place, but it was neither interactive nor the objectives were clear. Comparing both techniques would help future work in this area.
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E-learning for healthcare professionals towards HIS in Egypt - Safwat, Amena; Pourabdollah, Amir (2009)
E-learning systems such as computer based training (CBT) and Web based training (WBT) are globally proving their reliability and importance with respect to traditional knowledge gaining methods. In healthcare, a huge potential to apply these techniques is observed and consequently, new research opportunities are increasingly taking our attentions (e.g., Telemedicine). The integration of e-learning and healthcare systems is expected to leave a huge impact on countries wherein certain knowledge is hardly available (i.e., developing nations). Egypt is the case study selected for having major problems in healthcare. This research methodology is qualitative with proof of some empirical data, gathered from experiments held online for a group of Egyptian healthcare professionals using two different delivery techniques of content with the same pedagogical strategies. In an attempt to analyze the driven results after delivering this e-course using two different techniques, it was concluded that the WBT method was better as a more learner-centered, motivating, content-focused, allowing collaboration and discussion between peers, at effective timing, however it was harder to implement. While the CBT method which was distributed at a larger scale, as a stand-alone solution where people took at their convenient time and place, but it was neither interactive nor the objectives were clear. Comparing both techniques would help future work in this area.
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A Comparative Study of Returns to Education of Urban Men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey - Salehi‐Isfahani, Djavad; Tunalı, İnsan; Assaad, Ragui (2009)
This paper presents a comparative study of private returns to schooling of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey using similar survey data and a uniform methodology. We employ three surveys for each country that span nearly two decades, from the 1980s to 2006, and, to increase the comparability of the estimates across surveys, we focus on urban men 20–54 years old and in full time wage and salary employment. Our aim is to learn how the monetary signals of rewards that guide individual decisions to invest in education are shaped by the institutions of education and labor markets in these countries. Our estimates generally support the stylized facts of the institutions of education and labor markets in Middle Eastern countries. Their labor markets have been described as dominated by the public sector and therefore relatively inflexible, and their education systems as more focused on secondary and tertiary degrees than teaching practical and productive skills. Returns in all countries are increasing in years of schooling, which is contrary to the Mincer assumption of linear returns but consistent with overemphasis on secondary and tertiary degrees. Low returns to vocational training relative to general upper secondary, which have been observed in many developing countries, are observed in Egypt and Iran, but not Turkey. This pattern of returns across countries seems to correspond to how students are selected into vocational and general upper secondary tracks, which is an important part of the education institutions of these countries, and the fact that Turkey's economy is more open than the other two. Greater competitiveness in all three countries over time seems to have increased returns to university education and in few cases to vocational education, but not to general high school.
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The Effect of Climate Change on Water Balance Components in the Senegal River Basin - Sandholt, Inge; Ridler, Marc; Stisen, Simon; MacKellar, Neil; Christensen, J. H.; Nielsen, C. N.; Rasmussen, Kristen L. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Investigating projected regional climate change over West Africa from a nesting strategy ECHAM5-RegCM3 - Sarr, Alassane (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Motivators and barriers to blood donation in African American college students - Shaz, Beth H.; Demmons, Derrick G.; Crittenden, Colleen P.; Carnevale, Claudine V.; Lee, Mark; Burnett, Miriam; Easley, Kirk A.; Hillyer, Christopher D. (Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 2009)
An adequate blood supply depends on volunteer non-remunerated blood donors. African Americans have lower blood donation rates than whites. To improve African American blood donation rates, the motivators and barriers to African Americans must be explored. This study investigated the differences in motivators and barriers to blood donation between donor and non-donor African American college students.African Americans college students at two Historically Black Colleges and Universities completed a 41-item, self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant's donation frequency, motivators and barriers toward donation, and knowledge and beliefs towards blood donation.Three hundred and sixty four primarily female college students (96% African Americans, 93% female) completed the questionnaire. Forty-nine percent reported prior blood donation experience (donors) and 51% were non-donors. The primary motivator for donors and non-donors was convenience (89% donor, 82% non-donor). Donors were more likely than non-donors to disagree with statements regarding blood donation as being too painful (82% donor, 44% non-donor), resulting in feeling faint, dizzy, or nauseated (61% donor, 29% non-donor). Donors more often agreed that the blood supply is safe (77% donor, 58% non-donor), less often concerned about receiving a transfusion (61% donor, 73% non-donor), and more often aware of local blood shortages (50% donor, 35% non-donor).African Americans female college students are willing to donate blood given convenience and support from their university. Educational campaigns to increase knowledge regarding the safety of the blood donation process and the ongoing needs of an adequate blood supply might be effective methods to increase blood donation.
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Exploring Learner Participation in Waste-Management Activities in a Rural Botswana Primary School - Silo, Nthalivi (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
In Botswana, participation in environmental learning activities has been perceived as a central component of environmental education in formal education. Driven by the need to implement the objective of making the participatory approach part of the infusion of environmental education in the school curriculum as prescribed by the infusion policy, Botswana schools have come up with initiatives to involve learners in environmental education activities that seem to have ‘a direct, perceived benefit to the learners’ (NEESAP, 2007:9). Within this approach it is expected that learners should participate in these activities. However, Ketlhoilwe (2007) revealed that there has been a normalisation of environmental education into existing school culture through equating waste-management activities with environmental education. This generally entails cleaning activities by learners to maintain ‘clean schools’, which is directly associated with environmental education. Drawing from detailed case study data in one rural primary school with Standard 6 learners, I used Cultural Historical Activity Theory to investigate and explain how learners participate in these waste-management activities. Findings from this study revealed that attempts by teachers to meet the policy imperative through prescription of rules, and ascribing roles to learners in waste-management activities, create tensions. This gave rise to an elusive object of learner participation, as the purpose for their participation in these activities is not clear.
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An Ecological Approach to Examining Body Satisfaction in Caucasian and African American Female College Students - Sira, Natalia; Ballard, Sharon M. (Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2009)
Body satisfaction is a multifaceted concept that depends upon inner biological, psychological, social, and cultural components. Although research has demonstrated the influence of culture and family on the etiology of eating disorders, few studies have examined how these variables are associated with body satisfaction in a nonclinical, racially diverse college population. This study explores the mediating role of race in the assessment of family environment, associated with body satisfaction in college females. More specifically, body mass index (BMI), self‐worth, eating behavior, parental attachment, parental control, and media influence are examined in relation to perceived body satisfaction. Females in a southeastern university (231 Caucasians, 80 African Americans) aged 18–24, completed two subscales of Harter’s Self‐Perception Scale for College Students assessing self‐worth and body satisfaction. Participants reported height and weight to calculate BMI and completed an eating behavior (EAT‐26) scale. Attachment to both parents was measured by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Perception of media was assessed by the Media Influence Scale, developed specifically for this study. For both groups, BMI was a predictor of body satisfaction. Self‐worth, parental attitudes, media influence, and eating behaviors demonstrated unique interplay with regard to perceived body satisfaction for each race. Findings indicate that body satisfaction, an essential part of self‐worth, is constructed differently by each race, and associated with familial variables in distinctive ways.
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A Quantification of GHG and SST Forcing in West African Climate Change - Skinner, Christopher B.; Ashfaq, Moetasim; Diffenbaugh, Noah S. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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The Absence of African-American Men in Higher Education and Veterinary Medicine - Strayhorn, Terrell L. (Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2009)
Many studies have consistently indicated that the educational outcomes of Black men and boys are not on par with those of their White and female counterparts. Recent data suggest the same holds true for Black men in veterinary medicine. Drawing on national statistics and findings from an analysis of National Educational Longitudinal Study data, I present several recommendations for future policy and practice that can help combat the absence of Black men in the profession.
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African-American males and the logic of a geospatial higher education project - Tate, William F. (2009)
Should the higher education pipeline be viewed as a kind of geospatial production function? In this chapter, factors influencing the higher education pipeline for African-American males will be briefly examined. A specific focus will be on potential geospatial factors associated with educational attainment and life course outcomes.
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Attitude and perception of patients towards amputation as a form of surgical treatment in the University of Calabar teaching hospital, Nigeria. - Udosen, A M; Ngim, Ngim; Etokidem, A J; Ikpeme, Anthonia; Urom, Samuel; Marwa, A (PubMed, 2009)
A survey of the attitude and perception of a cross- section of residents of Calabar to therapeutic limb amputation was done to determine the level of knowledge and understanding of the indications, advantages as well as the prospects for the amputees in our environment.Structured questionnaires were administered to adults at the Orthopaedic Unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Data obtained from the study was analyzed using EPI Info software version 2002.One hundred and fifty-five respondents participated in this study. There were 88 (57%) males. One hundred and forty respondents (90%) had knowledge of amputation as a treatment method; 134 (86%) knew that amputation is beneficial. Fifty participants (32%) indicated that they had no alternative to amputation when indicated while 36 (36%) of those who would refuse believed in divine and traditional treatment. Eight six regard amputees as normal people with potentials while 14 (9%) regard them as .invalids.. One hundred and five (68%) were aware of the importance of artificial limb while 38 (25%) had no knowledge. One hundred and thirty-one (85%) of respondents regard physicians who do amputation as life savers while 3 (2%) and 9 (6%) regard them as people who take pleasure in amputating limbs and as people who are indifferent to patients' plight respectively.Though majority of respondents have a fair knowledge of amputation and would accept or advice others to accept it, there is still need to create more awareness on the importance of amputation and it indications.
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Transition from the 6-3-3-4 to the 9-3-4 System of Education in Nigeria: An Assessment of Its Implementation on Technology Subjects - Uwaifo, V. O.; Uddin, P. S. O. (Studies on home and community science, 2009)
The 6-3-3-4 system of education came into being in Nigeria in 1983 with the primary focus of meeting the educational needs of its citizenry and equipping the youths with sellable skills that will make them to be self reliant. Today, twenty-five years after, a new system of education called the Universal Basic Education (UBE) otherwise known as the 9-3-4 has been re-introduced, whose curriculum is expected to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2020. This paper specifically examines the implementation of the technology subjects’ aspect of the 6-3-3-4 system of education using Ekpoma as a case study; it examined the student-teacher ratio, laboratory or workshop-student ratio and availability of instructional materials for the teaching of the technology subjects particularly at the Junior Secondary School (JSS) classes. The results indicate that the problem of implementation is partly due to non-availability of personnel, materials, funds and administrative will. This programme has failed to achieve much not solely because of lack of human and material resources but largely due to poor implementation. The paper finally proffered various options towards solving the identified problems in the 6-3-3-4 system, so that the goals of the newly introduced 9-3-4 system will be attainable.
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The demography of African American males in higher education - Verdugo, Richard R.; Henderson, Ronald D. (2009)
In 1980, there were 1,106.8 million African Americans enrolled in college. Of this number, 463,700 were males and 643,100 were females. In other words, among African Americans enrolled in higher education, 58.1% were female. By the year 2004, of the 2,164.7 million African Americans enrolled in higher education, 65% were female. Thus, between 1980 and 2004, the gender gap in higher education within the African American community increased by nearly 7 percentage points. What happened to African American males? Why are they not enrolling in higher education at higher rates?
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Training requirements for school sport managers : the South African context : physical education and sport science - Vosloo, Johannes Jacques; Burnett, Christopher F.; Hollander, W. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009)
The professionalisation of sport has reached the domain of schools as a grass root incubator for sporting talent and for providing positive experiences that might lead to lifelong engagement in physical activity. It has inevitably also led to the development of specialized human resources such as high quality coaches and well-trained sport managers. In the South African context, a variety of sport management programmes exist, but need to be continually updated and adapted to address the needs of the market and workplace. In addressing this need, this study aims to compare the current and projected competencies of the school sport managers with reference to their functional components and professional requirements, in order to provide guidelines and recommendations for appropriate education and training. The sample of the respondents represented 70 principals who returned completed questionnaires, and 87 (53.3%) school sport representatives from 165 secondary public schools (former model-C schools) in 5 districts in Gauteng also completed questionnaires. This was followed by interviewing 12 school sport managers for in-depth and contextual information. The results indicated that the management of school sport is varied, politicized and complex. There is a statistically significant difference between the required competencies of school sport managers, and what they currently have. Various potential shortcomings with varying scope in the competencies of the school sport manager were identified in the survey. It is therefore suggested that higher education takes cognisance of the currently limited competencies of school sport managers to provide appropriate education and training for school sport managers in order to enhance their competencies and skills.
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Care for people living with disabilities in the West Nile region of Uganda - Waelkens, Maria-Pia; Bakaitwoha, Everd Maniple; Nakiwala, Stella Regina (2009)
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Report of the UNESCO Training-the-Trainers (TTT) Workshop, Alexandria, Egypt, 4–6 November 2008 - Wastawy, Sohair (International Information & Library Review, 2009)
When the Bibliotheca Alexandrina organized the UNESCO's “Training-the-Trainers in Information Literacy” workshop, it was the 9th workshop in the program series that was adopted by the Information-F...
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Report of the UNESCO Training-the-Trainers (TTT) Workshop, Alexandria, Egypt, 4–6 November 2008 - Wastawy, Sohair (International Information & Library Review, 2009)
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Alumoåkermanite, (Ca,Na)2(AI,Mg,Fe2+)(Si2O7), a new mineral from the active carbonatite-nephelinite-phonolite volcano Oldoinyo Lengai, northern Tanzania - Wiedenmann, D.; Zaitsev, A. N.; Britvin, S. N.; Krivovichev, S. V.; Keller, J. (Mineralogical Magazine, 2009)
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Kilima-Mrota is not A Worm: The Effect of Conservation Education and a Local Naming Contest on the Perspectives Held by the Peoples of Sagalla Hill, Kenya Toward the Sagalla Caecilian Boulengerula Niedeni - Wojnowski, David; Malonza, Patrick K. (Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum, 2009)
An investigation was conducted on the effects of a naming contest for the Sagalla caecilian Boulengerula niedeni on Sagalla peoples' perspectives about this critically endangered subterranean amphibian. The study found that having an indigenous name, “kilima-mrota”, for this amphibian allowed local people to differentiate it from earthworms and snakes, which is helpful in promoting its conservation.
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Mass media and sexual health behaviour of college students in Nigeria: a study of Lagos State University. - Wusu, Onipede (PubMed, 2009)
This paper examines the effects of mass media on the sexual health behaviour of single college students in Nigeria. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted. A total of 300 pre-coded questionnaires were administered in study population. Data analysis reveals that the respondents are more frequently exposed to the internet (75%), TV (77%) and radio (75%). More frequent exposure to print, home video and internet media are significantly related to rising level of sexual activities among female respondents. Frequent exposure to radio (over 3 times) and internet (4 times) are more likely to influence condom use positively among male respondents. Among their female counterparts, more frequent internet utilization (almost twice) is more likely to raise the level of condom use. Thus, an international accord on the content of the mass media, especially on their moral implications for the younger generation is imperative.
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Earthquakes along the East African Rift System: A multi-scale, continent-wide perspective - Yang, Zhaorong; Chen, W. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2009)
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Study the quality of school environment as new habitat for allergenc mites in Cairo, Egypt - Yassin, Mohammad K; Ashmawy, Zakia E.; Hasanin, Aml A. (Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B, Zoology, 2009)
Thepresentstudy was conducted on eight schools representing four different districts inCairo Governorate from December 2006 till November 2007. The total annualnumber of school dust mites collected was relatively low (66 individuals). ShoberaAl-khama schools embraced the highest population mite density (65.15%) followedby Al- Abassia (16.16%), Al-Salam city (9.09%) and Nasr city recorded thelowest population density (7.58%). The most abundant family collected wasPyroglyphidae representing 27.27% of the total number distributed between twodifferent species of the Genus Dermatophagoides (D.pteronyssinusand D. farinae). This followed by families Cheyletidae andDermanyssidae, each comprises 25.75% of the total with a single species foreach; Cheyletus malccensis and Dermanyssus sp., respectively.Family Acaridae was represented by (21.21% of the total) and came later in abundance.The average number /5 gm. dust ranged between only one individual during Apriland July and 20 individuals during November, however completely absent duringMarch and September. dermanyssids and acarids were present in seven months, cheyletidsin six months and pyroglyphids in five months. All mite species were recordedwith relatively higher rate during cold months reaching its maximum in Januaryfor Pyroglyphidae and Acaridae and during October and November for Cheyletidaeand Dermanyssidae. The lower rate of these mites obtained during hot months.These results indicate that the lower the temperature, the higher populationdensity of school dust mites.
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Chemical composition of nyerereite and gregoryite from natrocarbonatites of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania - Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Keller, Jörg; Spratt, John; Jeffries, Teresa; Sharygin, Victor V. (Geology of Ore Deposits, 2009)
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Globalization, information revolution and Higher Education in Nigeria: The challenging roles of library professionals - Echezona, R. I.; Ezema, Ifeanyi J.; Asogwa, Brendan Eze (International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2009)
The influence of globalization and information revolution on higher education in Nigeria was investigated through the authors’ structured questionnaire. The design of the study was descriptive survey. Fifty-three professional librarians from Nnamdi Azikiwe Library University of Nigeria Nsukka, lecturers from Department of Library and Information Science University of Nigeria, Nsukka and librarians in Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) library were surveyed. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and observation.  Findings from the investigation reveal that globalization and information revolution have positively impacted on higher education in Nigeria in terms of access to information, collaboration and contact among faculty members, better and faster scholarly communication among researchers as well as students throughout the world. The implication of these revelation is that professional librarians in this environment should try to embrace these new technologies through retraining, retooling and then adopt new strategies which would improve information services delivery that would meet international best practices. Key words: Globalization, information revolution, higher education, libraries, librarians information professionals, Nigeria.
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Exploring the Understanding and Common Use of Scientific and Everyday Knowledge and Students’ Agency in a Kenyan High School - Gitari, Wanja (Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 2009)
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Evaluation of the physical components in Algerian high-school pupils (16-19 years): Determination of the somatotype in relation to choice of sports activity - Mohamed, Sebbane; Remaoun, M.; Harchaoui, Y.; AbdelKader, Atef; Karrou, M. (Educational Research Review, 2009)
This study aims to explore the somatotype of Algerian high-school pupils of 16-19 years old. Various works in the field of sport have shown that athletic performance is a result of multiple factors that could be classified under psychological, physiological and physical. This last factor relates to the physical aspects. It gathers anthropometric dimensions, the body indices and the somatotypes. The result reveals that the mesomorp, the ectomorph and the somatotype are physical components, but most important of them all is the somatotype among young boys of 16-19 years old. On the other hand, in the girls, the mesomorp seems to be more important; it is explained by the peak speed of the weight occurrence between the16-19 years old.
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Conservation Education and the Attitudes of Local Communities Living Adjacent to Mt. Elgon National Park, Uganda - Oonyu, Joseph (Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 2009)
A study of attitudes of 328 people living around Mt. Elgon National Park showed that more than three-quarters had favorable attitudes toward the conservation of the Park's forest and wildlife resources. They also had favorable attitudes toward the conservation education efforts of various agencies that operated in the area, particularly those of Mt. Elgon Conservation and Development Project and the Mt. Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation Program. Peoples' attitudes varied form one community to another, and were influenced by perceived benefits of conservation to local people, exposure to conservation education, conflicts over the use of the Park's resources and other socioeconomic factors. However, it was concluded that the present positive attitudes of local communities could change if the pressure from the rapidly expanding human and livestock population continues unabated, and if conservation education is not intensified. A multipronged approach involving education, conflict resolution, law enforcement, and measures to reduce the rate of population increase in adjacent areas is necessary in order to ensure the integrity of the Park.
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Environment in Jeopardy: Consequences of climate change in Egypt - Saber, Mohamed (Journal of ecology and the natural environment, 2009)
Egypt is at risk to the possessions of global warming and potentially facing catastrophic consequences in sea level rise (SLR), water scarcity, agriculture and food insufficiency, loss of biodiversity and habitats and new pressures on human health and national economy. To confront these adverse impacts, the Prime Minister re-established in 2007 a National Climate Change Committee consists of scientists and experts from different ministries and relevant bodies responsible to manage climate in Egypt and to set a strategy to adapt to potential global changes. Key words: Environment, sea level rise, water scarcity, agriculture and food Insufficiency, biodiversity and human health.
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Effective Parent Connectedness Components in Sexuality Education Interventions for African American Youth: A Review of the Literature - Vidourek, Rebecca A.; Bernard, A; King, Keith A. (American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2009)
African American youth are at risk for negative sexual behaviors such as early initiation and unplanned pregnancy. The purpose of the article is to identify the effective parent connectedness components in sexuality education interventions solely targeting African American youth. A total of 12 articles were found describing six intervention programs that met inclusion criteria. A summary of each was developed, and commonly used parent connectedness components were identified. In this manner, effective strategies and lessons learned from the research regarding parental connectedness and African American sexual risk reduction could be more clearly discussed. Recommendations for future programming are offered.
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Interdependencies of Health, Education & Poverty in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey Using Demographic and Health Survey - Driouchi, Ahmed; Baijou, Ahmad (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
The interdependencies of health, education and poverty that are common knowledge to individuals are also present at the aggregate levels of countries and internationally. The assessment of these interdependencies is the central task of this research but based on the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) of Egypt, Morocco and Turkey. The results attained through dependency tests and probit models, confirm the existence of major interdependencies at the levels of households. These findings support the need for accelerating and developing further integrated and transversal economic and social policies.
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Adaptation to Climate Change to Save Biodiversity: Lessons Learned from African and European Experiences - Erens, S.M.C.; Verschuuren, J.M.; Bastmeijer, Kees (2009)
9. Adaptation to climate change to save biodiversity: lessons learned from African and European experiences Saja Erens, Jonathan Verschuuren and Kees Bastmeijer* 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change is increasing the pressure on the dwindling biodiversi...
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Policy and Legal Dimensions of CDM Projects in the Forestry Sector: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Uganda - Kasimbazi, Emmanuel (2009)
This timely book examines the legal and policy challenges in international, regional and national settings, faced by developing countries in mitigating and adapting to climate change.
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IMPROVING MALARIA RECOGNITION, TREATMENT AND REFERRAL PRACTICES BY TRAINING CARETAKERS IN RURAL NIGERIA - Okeke, TC (Journal of Biosocial Science, 2009)
Summary A caretaker training programme was carried out in Ugwuogo-Nike, a rural area in south-east Nigeria, based on formative research within the community. A training of trainers workshop was organized for 30 leaders of women groups who subsequently trained other mothers in their group. Community information activities, which lasted for a period of eight months, included the use of posters, drama group and jingles. The programme was evaluated using the quantitative and qualitative methods that were employed at baseline, which included community survey and focus group discussions (FGDs). For the community survey, households with children under five years of age were identified and provided the sampling frame, from which 300 households were chosen using the systematic sampling method. The target population for the FGDs were caretakers of children under five years. Post-intervention evaluation of the programme showed significant ( p <0.05) improvements in knowledge, home management of malaria and referral practices for severe malaria. Those who correctly reported that mosquitoes were the cause of malaria rose markedly from 39.7% to 88.7%. Knowledge of symptoms of mild and severe malaria also increased significantly. Only 1.5% of caretakers were aware of the correct dose of anti-malarial before intervention, but this increased to 41.5%. The impact of intervention brought about a dramatic change in the practice of taking severely ill children, especially those with convulsion, to a traditional healer. A minority (6.7%) of caretakers took a severely ill child to a traditional healer as against 60% pre-intervention. There was also a significant increase in use of formal health facilities for the treatment of severely ill children. The study findings support the view that training of mothers to recognize, treat appropriately and refer severe cases of malaria is feasible and may lead to a reduction in the incidence of severe disease.
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Surveying health professionals' satisfaction with the Integrated Management of Adult and Adolescent Illness Chronic HIV Care training programme: The Papua New Guinea experience - Clark, Geoffrey A.; Chapman, Ysanne; Francis, Karen (International Journal of Nursing Practice, 2009)
This study reports findings from a survey of Papua New Guinean registered nurse who completed the Integrated Management of Adult and Adolescent Illness (IMAI) Chronic HIV Care training conducted between November 2005 and December 2006. The survey conducted is one component of a mixed method evaluation of the IMAI program in Papua New Guinea. Data from the questionnaires were entered into version 16 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program. The responses on the effect of the IMAI training program had on various aspects of how care is provided, learning needs and other program outcomes were analysed with a chi‐square test being applied to detect any difference in the response given by the different demographic subgroups in terms of gender, age, care status, current employer and past educational attainment. The survey revealed that all thirty‐five respondents have a positive impression of the IMAI program and expressed the view that the IMAI program had a positive effect on various aspects of patient care and their learning and experience. Overall, the survey identified that registered nurses who participated in the IMAI Chronic HIV Care training program perceive the program to be beneficial for improving the way HIV care is provided.
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediment and Polychaete Worms from the Mzinga Creek and Ras Dege Mangrove Ecosystems, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Mtanga, Augustina; Machiwa, John F. (Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2009)
Metal pollution in the Mzinga creek mangrove stand was assessed and compared with a relatively pristine mangrove forest at Ras Dege in Dar es Salaam.The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc in sediment and polychaete worms (Capitella sp.) were analyzed by ICP-AES and mercury was analyzed by a semi-automatic analyzer.Concentrations of most of the metals analyzed were higher in samples from Mzinga creek than from Ras Dege.Sediment samples from the Mzinga creek were enriched with Cu (EF = 7.4), Hg (EF = 5.3) and Cr (EF = 3.3) relative to sediment samples from Ras Dege, which were mostly at natural background levels.Polychaete worm samples from the Mzinga creek also accumulated high amounts of metals when compared to samples from Ras Dege.The data show perturbation of the Mzinga creek from human activities in the catchment.
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Agronomic evaluation of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landrace populations under drought stress conditions in low-rainfall areas of Ethiopia - Abera, Kiflu Tarekegn (2009)
Drought is the main factor limiting the yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in drought prone areas of Ethiopia because rainfall is scarce, unevenly distributed and temperatures are high during grain filling period. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield performance and some agronomic traits of 20 barley landrace populations and three long-term checks (Bentu, Aruso and Saesa-a) for drought tolerance at Endayesus, Mekelle, Tigray. The design used was randomized complete block with three replications. In addition to the field experiment, a filter paper experiment was carried out to observe early root development so as to relate the fastest root growth with the overall field performance of the varieties. Accession numbers 235238, 235264 and 237320 significantly differed from the other varieties including the check varieties in attaining 50 percent heading and 75 percent maturity (P<0.01). Similarly, accession numbers 235238, 235259, 231191 and 235299 significantly out yielded all the other varieties including the two checks) at the 0.01 level of probability. Varieties also significantly differed in their thousand seed weight, a trait known to have positive correlation with yield. Accordingly, accession numbers 235299, 235264, 235238, 223191, 237327, 235285 and 235259 had the highest thousand seed weight. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlation of root length with grain yield and harvest index. Similarly, harvest index with grain yield, thousand seed weight with grain yield, and with productive tillers had positive correlations. Overall, accession numbers 235238, 235264 and the local check, Saesa-a have significantly proven superiority over the others in their overall performance in the field and also consistently demonstrated the fastest root development in the filter paper experimentation. The strong positive correlation of root length with thousand seed weight, harvest index and grain yield in combination with other agronomic performances in the field could be used as selection criteria for drought tolerance.
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Printed And Electronic Resources Utilization By Agricultural Science Students In Nigerian Universities - Agboola, I.S. (Information Technologist (The), 2009)
This paper examines the use of printed and electronic resources by agricultural science students in three Nigerian universities. A two-part questionnaire was designed to elicit necessary information from the respondents selected for the study. One thousand three hundred (1300) respondents from faculties of Agriculture in three Nigerian universities were selected for the study. A total of 912 respondents duly completed the questionnaires. Frequency and simple percentages were used to analyze the results. The results revealed that students rely mostly on textbooks among the printed resources available in their libraries. The Essential Electronic Agricultural Library (TEEAL) was the most widely consulted electronic database resources while electronic mail was mostly used amongthe internet facilities listed. Respondents adjudged the library collection of one of the universities to be poor. Major problems faced by the students include inadequate provision of full internet connectivity and lack of skill to use the electronic databases available. The study recommends restructuring of the yearly orientation programme to meet the information use and retrieval needs of library users. Other recommendations include the establishment of internet ready computer centres to compliment teaching, learning and research in the library and organisation of training for users on databases search.
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Attitudes of Out-of-School Youths towards Tree Planting Activities in Central Uganda: A Case Study of Masaka District - Agea, Jacob Godfrey; Nansereko, Susan; Obua, J.; Waiswa, Daniel; Buyinza, Mukadasi; Yikii, Fred (Discovery and Innovation, 2009)
This study assessed the attitudes of out-of-school youths towards tree planting activities in Masaka district, centralUganda. Data were collected using 104 semi-structured questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to show theinfluence of demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents on their attitudes towards treeplanting. Summative attitudes index varied from 320 for those who liked very much tree planting activities to 6 forthose who disliked very much tree planting activities. Opinions on willingness to plant and tender trees also variedwidely from summative index of 305 for those who would very much plant and manage the trees to 5 for those whowould very much not plant and manage the trees. Sex, age, education, occupation, distance to the nearest tradingcentre and land ownership significantly contributed to variation in the attitudes. Factors such as lack of capital;land and tree tenure security; long payback period from planted trees; bad beliefs, taboos and superstitions aboutcertain trees hindered out-of-school youths’ efforts. There is a need to develop clear policies and by-laws to guideand induce the out-of-school youths to plant trees as a livelihood opportunity.
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Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap) Of School Teachers On Malaria, Helminthiasis And Associated Risk Factors In Primary Schools In Onitsha, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria - Metuh, Ogochukwu Anthonia; Ikpeze, Obiora Osegboka (Animal Research International, 2009)
Structured questionnaires were administered to 160 teachers from different Nursery and Primary Schools in GRA Onitsha, Nigeria to assess their knowledge, atttude and practices (KAP) on malaria, helminthiass and associated risk factors in the schools’ premises. Educational attainments of the teachers were Masters Degree (0.8 %), Bachelors Degree (39.2 %), Diploma Certcate (50.8 %), and Secondary School Certificate (9.2 %). There were more female (99.2 %) than males (0.8 %). A high percentage o the teachers (754 %) attributed malaria to eating too much oily food, hereditary (0.7 %), intense sunlight (2.1 %), drinking of dirty water (0.7 %), butter (3.5 %), and fried foods (1.4 %). On malaria prevention, about 64.2 % of teachers heard about insecticide treated net (ITN) but have never used it. Other preventive measures mentioned were use of clean environment (31.9 %), mosquito nets (20.2 %), and antmalarial drugs (12.3 %). KAP on helminthiass indicated that some of teachers attributed worm infection to eating sugary foods (19.2 %), drinking dirty water (9.3 %), natural occurrence (1.3 %), eating with diry hands (13.9 %), unwashed fruits and vegetables (10.6 %), unripe fruits (3.3 %), and over ripped fruits (2.0 %). About 48.33 % had seen worms in pupil’s stool., while 375 % had de-wormed pupils; 533 % of them using Ketrax®. Teachers’ perceved methods o preventing worm infection were avoidanceof sugary foods (27.9 %), washing hands before eating (10.46%), washing fruits and vegetables before consumption (26.2 %), and drinking clean water (10.46 %), while 22.1-30 % dd not knowhow to prevent nor treat helminthiasis Risk factorsfor parasitic infections observed in most of theschools included indiscriminate defecation, unhygienic lavatories, blocked drainages, container breeding habitats and open dumping of wastes. Health education for teachers in nursery and primary schools on transmission, prevention and treatment of malaria and helminthiass is hghly advocated. Keywords: Malaria, Helminthiasis, Parasitic infections, Risk factors, Primary schools children, KAP,
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Library, Information And Communication Technology Use In Teaching Non-Regular Students In Nigerian Universities - Ogunbote, KO; Odunewu, AO (Information Technologist (The), 2009)
The study probed into the library and ICT facilities used in teaching of the non-regular students (part-time) of the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Data were gathered by administering 109 copies of a structured questionnaire to respondents randomly selected. These were collated and analysed. The research work revealed that majority of the respondents do not use the library resources for teaching endeavours; and they perceived the library resources as inadequate. It was also revealed that availability and accessibility of ICT in the university is below average; and that respondents were yet to adopt ICT in their teaching endeavour, whereas,majority of them use it for other academic tasks. The study recommended among others, electrical power stability in the university, library’s display of recent accessions in the faculties and aggressive acquisition and provision of ICT and its resources use in teaching as well as a policy position on ICT in the university.
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Career Choice Of Students Of Library And Information Science In Tertiary Institution In Imo State, Nigeria - Okoro, CC (Information Technologist (The), 2009)
Library and Information Science is not a top rank choice of course by candidates seeking admission into tertiary institutions in Imo State. Most of those who eventually get enrolled for the programme are not interested in practicing librarianship upon graduation. They prefer careers in other establishments even if they are to perform non – professional duties. Using athree part questionnaire, this study sought reponses on career choice from trainee librarians. Sixty (60) copies of the instrument were distributed, completed and returned, representing 100% response rate. Survey results indicated that respondents are ignorant of a librarian’s job schedule, prefer jobs in other areas and are not willing to make careers out of librarianship. Recommendations are made for re-tooling and retention of both trainee and practicing librarians in the profession.
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Re-Positioning Librarianship Education And Practice For ICT Challenges In Nigerian University Libraries - Omoniyi, JO; Akinboro, EO (Information Technologist (The), 2009)
This paper examined issues concerning the need to reposition librarianship to enable university libraries in Nigeria cope with challenges that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) may pose. Two hundred Librarians who attended the 2006 annual conference of the Nigerian Library Association in Abuja participated in the study. Researchers’- designed ICT Awareness Questionnaire of 22 questions was used to obtain information from the respondents. Means score and Standard Deviation statistic was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that: many library staff lacked ICT skills required for effective performance of jobs; librarianship curriculum was not comprehensive enough to facilitate the acquisition of ICT skills by Library Science students; adequate/appropriate ICT facilities were not available in many Nigerian libraries. The paper thus recommended the inclusion of more ICT courses in Library Science curriculum; library personnel should be trained and re-trained regularly on ICT skills; ICT learning infrastructural facilities including guided tour of ICT installations and application should be adequately provided for Library Science students.
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Teaching & Learning Guide for: The Changing Significance of Race: African Americans and the Hebrew Bible - Reid, Stephen (Religion compass, 2009)
Author’s Introduction African American interpretation and use of the Hebrew Bible have shifted as the understandings of race have adjusted in the last 30 years. Therefore, African American biblical studies cannot be appreciated with a linear presentation. A more helpful approach examines the impact of generational studies as used by Neil Howe and William Strauss. Each generation of scholars are shaped by events in the civil rights struggle that then informs the perspective they bring to the reading of the Hebrew Bible. Background Reading Neil Strauss and William Howe bring the developmental theory of Erik Erikson to a broader view of historiography. Each generation is shaped by certain event that occurs in the watersheds of human development that orients the generations approach to the world. This article argues that the best way to understand the development of African American studies of the Hebrew Bible is well served by such an approach. Williams describes the shifting terrain of race in North America. This is all the more in the United States when some claim that this is a so‐called post‐racial era. West provides a typology of responses to racism that forms the background for the article. Strauss, W. and Howe, N. 1991, Generations: The History of America’s Future, 1584 to 2069 , Perennial: New York. West, C. 1982, Prophesy Deliverance: An Afro‐American Revolutionary Christianity , Westminster Press: Philadelphia. William J. W. 1980, The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions, Second Edition, University of Chicago Press: Chicago. Erikson, E. 1986, “Eight Ages of Man,” in Childhood and Society , W.W. Norton: New York, pp. 247–74. Sample Syllabus 1. Recovery of Black Biblical Presence: G.I./Silent Generation: A Modern Alternative to “Jim Crow” People, Concepts, and Questions: What is “Jim Crow”? How did it create a cultural context for African American scholars coming of age during this period? What was the curse of Ham and how did it provide a biblical buttress to the enslavement of Africans? Charles Copher John Waters Cain Hope Felder Reading Copher, C.B. 1991, “The Black Presence in the Old Testament,” in Stony the Road We Trod , C.H. Felder ed. Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis, pp. 146–64. Copher, C.B. 1988, “The Bible and the African Experience: The Biblical Period,” The Journal of the Interdenominational Theological Center , 13, pp. 32–50. Felder, C.H. 1991, “Race, Racism, and the Biblical Narratives,” in Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation , ed. Cain Hope, Felder Augsburg Fortress, Minneapolis, pp. 127–40. Felder, C.H. 1989, Troubling Biblical Waters: Race, Class, and Family , Orbis: Maryknoll. Online Resources http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/psychology/history_3.htm Marlowe C. Embree “A generational Analysis/Critique of Erikson’s Theory” 2. Recovery of Black Biblical Presence: Baby Boomers People, Concepts, and Questions John Fitzgerald Kennedy Lyndon Baines Johnson Randall C. Bailey Brown vs. Board of Education Civil Rights legislation How the exceptionalist response to racism was replaced with the humanist response to racism? Reading Bailey, R.C. 1995a, “Is that any name for a nice Hebrew boy?” Exodus 2:1–10: The De‐Africanization of an Israelite Hero,” in The Recovery of the Black Presence: An Interdisciplinary Exploration , Randall C. Bailey and Jacquelyn Grant, eds. Abingdon: Nashville, pp. 25–36. Bailey, R. C. 1995b, “They are Nothing but Incestuous Bastards: The Polemic Use of Sex and Sexuality in Hebrew Canon Narratives,” in Reading from This Place: Social Location and Biblical Interaction in the United States, Fernando F. Segovia and Mary Ann Talbert, eds. Augsburg Fortress Minneapolis, pp. 122. Bailey, R. C. 2000, “Academic Biblical Interpretation among African Americans in the United States,” in African Americans and the Bible: Sacred Texts and Social Structures , V. L. Wimbush ed. Continuum: New York, pp. 696–711. Bailey, R. C. 2004, “For and With Whom are You Reading? Who’s Pregnant and Who’s Passionate?” Pregnant Passion: Gender, Sex, and Violence in the Bible, C. A. Kirk‐Duggan, ed. E.J. Brill: Leiden, pp. 85–91. 3. Recovery of Black Biblical Presence: GenXers People, Concepts, and Questions Rodney Steven Sadler, Jr. Is this a return to exceptionalism? Reading Sadler, Rodney Steven, Jr. 2005, Can a Cushite change his skin? An Examination of Race, Ethnicity, and Othering in the Hebrew Bible, Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies, 425, T&T Clark: London. 4. The Hebrew Bible as ecclesial and cultural object in the life of the African American community: G.I./Silent Generation People, Concepts, and Questions David Shannon John Waters Robert A. Bennett How does Shannon embody an exceptionalist or humanist cultural criticism? How does Waters depict the relationship between African American biblical scholarship and the African American church? Reading Bennett, R. A. Jan 1971, “Black Experience and the Bible” Theology Today , 27, pp.422–33. Shannon, D. T. 1991, “‘An Ante‐Bellum Sermon’ A Resource for An African American Hermeneutic,” in Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation ed. Cain Hope Felder, Augsburg Fortress: Minneapolis, pp. 98–126. Waters, J.W. 1991, “Who is Hagar?” in Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation ed. Cain Hope Felder, Augsburg Fortress: Minneapolis, pp. 187–145. Waters, J. W. 1995, “When the Vultures Are Finished, Can There Be Life? The Valley of Dry Bones and the Future of the Black Church,” in The Recovery of Black Presence: An Interdisciplinary Exploration , R. C. Bailey and J. Grant, eds. Abingdon: Nashville, pp. 95–106. 5. Baby Boomers: The Hebrew Bible as a Dangerous and Cultural Object Persons, Concepts, and Questions W.E.B. DuBois Womanist interpretation Randall C. Bailey Sheila Briggs Stephen Breck Reid Renita J. Weems How would you characterize this as emerging cultural criticism of these writers? Reading Bailey, R. C. 2000, “Academic Biblical Interpretation among African Americans in the United States,” in African Americans and the Bible: Sacred Texts and Social Structures , V. L. Wimbush ed. Continuum: New York, pp. 696–711. Bailey, R. C. 2004, “For and With Whom are You Reading? Who’s Pregnant and Who’s Passionate?” Pregnant Passion: Gender, Sex, and Violence in the Bible ed. C. A. Kirk‐Duggan, E.J. Brill: Leiden, pp. 85–91. Briggs, S., 1989, “Can an Enslaved God Liberate? Hermeneutical Reflections on Philipians 2:6–11,” Semeia 47139. Reid, S. B. 1995a “The Role of Reading in Multicultural Exegesis,” in Text & Experience: Towards a Cultural Exegesis of the Bible , Daniel Smith‐Christopher ed. The Biblical Seminar 35 Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, pp. 210–24. Reid, S. B. 1995b “The Theology of the Book of Daniel and the Political Theory of W.E.B. Du Bois,” in The Recovery of Black Presence: An Interdisciplinary Exploration , R. C. Bailey and J. Grant, eds. Abingdon: Nashville. pp. 37–50. Reid, S. B. 1990, Experience and Tradition: A Primer in Black biblical Hermeneutics , Abingdon: Nashville. Reid, S. B.1997, Listening In: A Multicultural Reading of the Psalms Abingdon: Nashville. Weems, R. J. 1991, “Reading Her Way through the Struggle: African American Women and the Bible” in Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation ed. Cain Hope Felder Augsburg Fortress: Minneapolis. Weems, R. J. 1988, Just a Sister Away: A Womanist Vision of Women’s Relationships in the Bible , San Diego: LauraMedia. 6. GenX scholarship on the Hebrew Bible and African American Culture People, Concepts, and Questions Wilma Ann Bailey Valerie C. Cooper Cheryl Kirk‐Duggan Hugh Rowland Page Jr. Harold V. Bennett How can you describe the horizon of gender, culture and race? Reading Bailey, W. A. 2003, “The Sorrow Songs: Laments from Ancient Israel and the African American Diaspora,” in Yet with a Steady Beat: Contemporary U.S. Afrocentric Biblical Interpretation , R. Bailey ed. Semeia Studies 42, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, pp. 61–83. Bennett, H. V. 2003 “Triennial Tithes and the Underdog: A Revisionist Reading of Deuteronomy 14:22–29 and 26:12–15,” in Yet with a Steady Beat: Contemporary U.S. Afrocentric Biblical Interpretation , R. Bailey ed. Semeia Studies 42, Society of Biblical Literature: Atlanta, pp. 7–18. Cooper, V. C. 2004, “Some Place to Cry: Jephthah’s Daughter and the Double Dilemma of Black Women in America,” in Pregnant Passion: Gender, Sex, and Violence in the Bible , C. A. Kirk‐Duggan ed. Semeia Studies: E.J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 181–2. Kirk‐Duggan, C. A. 2000, “Hot Buttered Soulful Tunes and Cold Icy Passionate Truths: The Hermeneutics of Biblicao Interpolation in R & B (Rhythm and Blues),” in African Americans and the Bible: Sacred Texts and Social Structures , V. L. Wimbush ed. Continuum, New York, pp. 782–803. Kirk‐Duggan, C. A. 2003, “Let my People Go! Threads of Exodus in African American Narratives,” in R. Bailey, ed. Yet with a Steady Beat: Contemporary U.S. Afrocentric Biblical Interpretation Semeia Studies 42, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, pp. 123–43. Page, H. R. 1996, The Myth of Cosmic Rebellion: A Study of Its Reflexes in Ugaritic and Biblical Literature , Vetus Testamentum, Supplement, vol. 65. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 7. Gender, African American Women and the Hebrew Bible Person, Concepts, and Questions Cheryl Anderson Mignon Jacobs Madeline McClenney‐Sadler Renita Weems How has womanist readings developed over the years? Reading Anderson, C. B. 2004, Women Ideology and Violence: Critical Theory and the construction of Gender in the Book of the Covenant and Deuteronomic Law, T & T Clark: London. Jacobs, M. R. 2004, “Love, Honor, and Violence: Socioconceptual Matrix in Genesis 34” in Pregnant Passion: Gender, Sex, and Violence in the Bible ed. Cheryl Kirk‐Duggan Semeia 44, E. J. Brill: Leiden, pp. 11–35. Jacobs, M. R. 2007, Gender, Power, and Persuasion: The Genesis Narratives and Contemporary Portraits , Baker: Grand Rapids. McClenney‐Sadler, M. 2004, “Cry Witch! The Embers Still Burn,” in Pregnant Passion: Gender, Sex, and Violence in the Bible ed. Cheryl Kirk‐Duggan Semeia 44, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 117–41. Weems, R. J. 1991, “Reading Her Way through the Struggle: African American Women and the Bible,” in Stony the Road We Trod: African American Biblical Interpretation ed. Cain Hope Felder, Augsburg Fortress: Minneapolis. Weems, R. J. 1988, Just a Sister Away: A Womanist Vision of Women’s Relationships in the Bible , San Diego, LauraMedia.
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Examining the Relation Between Racial Identity Attitude Clusters and Psychological Health Outcomes in African American College Students - Whittaker, Valene A.; Neville, Helen A. (Journal of Black Psychology, 2009)
Using Cross’s expanded Nigrescence theory, this study examined the relation between patterns of racial identity attitudes and mental health outcomes among a sample of 317 Black American college students. Racial identity attitudes were operationalized using the Cross Racial Identity Scale, and the mental health outcomes assessed included subjective well-being, hardiness, and general psychological health. Results from a cluster analysis indicated a five-cluster solution (Low Race Salience, Multiculturalist, Self-Hatred, Immersion, and Afrocentric), which for the most part is consistent with previous research. In addition, differential associations were found between cluster groups and psychological health outcomes, where participants in the Multiculturalist cluster reported greater levels of psychological well-being and those in the Immersion cluster group reported the lowest levels. The implications for these findings with respect to future research are discussed.
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Spatial analysis of Schistosoma Haematobium infection among school children in a rural sub-district of South Africa: an application of geographical information systems (2009) - Azongo, Kwaku Daniel (2009)
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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised in an African American Community Sample - Lyon, Aaron R. (Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2009)
The current study used confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate the construct validity of the child version of the School Refusal Assessment Scale—Revised (SRAS-R) in a community sample of low socioeconomic status (SES), urban, African American, fifth and sixth graders ( n = 174). The SRAS-R is the best-researched measure of school refusal behavior in youth and typically yields four functional dimensions. Results of the investigation suggested that a modified version of the four-factor model, in which three items from the tangible reinforcement dimension are removed, may have construct validity in the current sample of youth. In addition, youth endorsement of the dimension measuring avoidance of social and/or evaluative situations was positively associated with unexcused absences. Implications for further psychometric research and early identification and prevention of problematic absenteeism in low SES, ethnic minority, community samples are highlighted.
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Predicting intention to treat HIV-infected patients among Tanzanian and Sudanese medical and dental students using the theory of planned behaviour - a cross sectional study - Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug; Nasir, Elwalid Fadul (BMC Health Services Research, 2009)
The HIV epidemic poses significant challenges to the low income countries in sub Saharan Africa (SSA), affecting the attrition rate among health care workers, their level of motivation, and absenteeism from work. Little is known about how to deal with deterioration of human resources in the health care systems. This study aimed to predict the intention to provide surgical treatment to HIV infected patients among medical- and dental students in Tanzania and Sudan using an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Four hundred and seventy five medical- and dental students at the University of Dar es Salaam (mean age, 25 yr) and 642 dental students attending 6 public and private dental faculties in Khartoum (mean age 21.7 yr) completed self-administered TPB questionnaires in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Both Tanzanian and Sudanese students demonstrated strong intentions to provide care for people with HIV and AIDS. Stepwise linear regression revealed that the TPB accounted for 51% (43% in Tanzania and Sudan) of the variance in intention across study sites. After having controlled for country and past behaviour, the TPB in terms of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control accounted for 34% and moral norms for an additional 2,3% of the explainable variance in intention. Across both study sites, attitudes were the strongest predictor of intention followed in descending order by subjective norms, moral norms and perceived behavioural control. The TPB is applicable to students' care delivery intentions in the context of HIV and AIDS across the two SSA countries investigated. It is suggested that attitudes, subjective norms, moral norms and perceived behavioural control are key factors in students' willingness to treat AIDS and HIV infected patients and should be targets of interventions aimed at improving the quality of health care delivery in this context.
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Revolutionising Human Rights Education in African Universities the African Human Rights Moot Court Competition - Heyns, Christof; Taku, Norman; Viljoen, Frans (2009)
Moot Court competitions constitute an alternative model of human rights training, giving students the skills to contribute to the development of international human rights law and thus make them qualified advocates for human rights change in their home countries and abroad. By focusing on the perfection of oral as well as written skills, participants are more likely to be successful not only in cases brought before their home courts, but in front of international tribunals and other organs. Such competitions have opened the doorway for more human rights classes in law schools, more clinical training programs, more NGOs dedicated to human rights law, and overall more lawyers dedicated to participating in an expanded notion of a human rights community. As demonstrated in this volume, moot court competitions have revolutionized human rights legal education in Africa, Europe and the Americas. The yearly Inter-American Human Rights Moot Court Competition was established in 1995. The full text of the hypothetical cases, bench memoranda, and winning memorials from the first ten years of this Competition are included as a resource to be used creatively by scholars, NGOs, international organizations, governments, practitioners, students, etc., to further promote human rights legal obligations.
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Improving childhood malaria treatment and referral practices by training patent medicine vendors in rural south-east Nigeria - Okeke, TC; Uzochukwu, Benjamin (Malaria Journal, 2009)
Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age in Nigeria. Most of the early treatments for fever and malaria occur through self-medication with anti-malarials bought over-the-counter (OTC) from untrained drug vendors. Self-medication through drug vendors can be ineffective, with increased risks of drug toxicity and development of drug resistance. Global malaria control initiatives highlights the potential role of drug vendors to improve access to early effective malaria treatment, which underscores the need for interventions to improve treatment obtained from these outlets. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and impact of training rural drug vendors on community-based malaria treatment and advice with referral of severe cases to a health facility.A drug vendor-training programme was carried out between 2003 and 2005 in Ugwuogo-Nike, a rural community in south-east Nigeria. A total of 16 drug vendors were trained and monitored for eight months. The programme was evaluated to measure changes in drug vendor practice and knowledge using exit interviews. In addition, home visits were conducted to measure compliance with referral.The intervention achieved major improvements in drug selling and referral practices and knowledge. Exit interviews confirmed significant increases in appropriate anti-malarial drug dispensing, correct history questions asked and advice given. Improvements in malaria knowledge was established and 80% compliance with referred cases was observed during the study period,The remarkable change in knowledge and practices observed indicates that training of drug vendors, as a means of communication in the community, is feasible and strongly supports their inclusion in control strategies aimed at improving prompt effective treatment of malaria with referral of severe cases.
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Traumatized South African university students : the way in which they interpret facial expressions. - Olst, Van; Jane, Sarah (2009)
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Education aux médias au Burkina Faso : enjeux et perspectives pour une éducation à la citoyenneté - Bazyomo, Emile Pierre (2009)
La mondialisation de l’information et de la communication fait apparaitre un choc plus ou moins violent entre cultures et visions du monde. La reduction des distances physiques n’a fait en realite et de facon paradoxale qu’accroitre les distances culturelles. En Afrique, une angoisse terrifie : comment eduquer ses enfants ? Comment negocier la distance entre « l’enfant qui est de son temps » et les valeurs culturelles, morales, traditionnelles? Comment, en effet, s’ouvrir a la modernite, symbole d’europeanisation tout en preservant son identite culturelle ? Cette these qui dresse le rapport des eleves aux medias au Burkina Faso s’efforce de decrire l’univers referentiel des parents et educateurs qui se heurte au quotidien des enfants envahis par les medias. L’education aux medias qui s’impose n’a par consequent pas pour cible que les enfants. Au Burkina Faso, si l’adoption de la signaletique jeunesse est en soi une des reponses a cette problematique violente, son application quotidienne est une gymnastique. Comment par exemple affirmer qu’une scene est indecente, et pour qui ? Comment concilier les desirs de liberte des jeunes assouvis par la consommation des productions mediatiques generalement venues d’ailleurs et la necessite de les proteger des contenus inadaptes? Le contemporain est certes une realite temporelle. Il est aussi et surtout spatial. En d’autres termes, ce qui est autorise, admissible, permis ou tolerable aujourd’hui et qui ne l’etait pas hier, peut etre, dans le meme temps et sous d’autres cieux, impensable, inadmissible, intolerable et condamnable. La lecture analytique des programmes scolaires du pays a montre l’urgence que l’ecole burkinabe a a prendre en charge la problematique des medias dans un contexte ou, d’une part la rivalite entre les deux institutions reste une realite, et d’autre part la democratie est en construction.
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Media education in Burkina Faso - Bazyomo, Emile Pierre (2009)
The globalization of information and communication leads to a relatively violent shock between domestic cultures and world visions. The reduction of physical distances has increased cultural distances. In the head of Africa, people are troubled by the questions: how to educate their children? How to negotiate the distance between the child who is of his time and traditional cultural values? How to be both to the modern world, itself a symbol of europeanisation, while preserving one’s cultural identity? This thesis studies the relation of students and the media in Burkina Faso; it strives to describe the mentality and valors of parents and educators who daily face of media-saturated children. To avoid the latent generational conflict, media education does not target only the children. In Burkina Faso, while the adoption of signs icons targeting the young is itself a response to this major problem, its application is a daily exercise. How, for example ram one assert that a scene is indecent, violates morality and for whom? How to reconcile the desire for freedom of young people saturated by the media mostly produced and broadcast from elsewhere and the need to protect them from expose to content inappropriate? In other words, what is allowed, permissible, permitted or tolerated today was not so yesterday, may and indeed has been elsewhere, unthinkable, unacceptable, intolerable and reprehensible. An analysis of the curricula of the Burkina Faso shows that the burkinabe education system must urgently face the issue of the media in a context where, on one hand the rivalry between the media and the school systems remains a reality, and where on other hand democracy is still “work-in-progress”.
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Attitudes of high school pupils towards African languages - Gamede, Thobekile (2009)
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The African Teledermatology Project: Providing access to dermatologic care and education in sub-Saharan Africa. - Weinberg, Jennifer L.; Kaddu, Steven; Gabler, Gerald; Kovarik, Carrie L. (PubMed, 2009)
Telemedicine allows health providers in remote areas to transfer information for medical consultation anywhere in the world and serves to support local health workers through discussion and access to pertinent educational materials. Many developing nations have a dire shortage of doctors and other health resources. Therefore, affordable, easy-to-use technologies are imperative for providing care and much needed educational opportunities as well as reducing the limitations imposed by scarce resources.To identify the current extent of the Africa Teledermatology Project and key areas for improvements, an analysis of all consultations received to date was completed.Between February 2007 and February 2009, 345 consultations from sites in thirteen Sub-Saharan African nations were received and processed via the project website. Although a wide range of mucocutaneous conditions were seen, the most frequent diagnoses included adverse drug reactions, atopic dermatitis and eczema, cutaneous infections, psoriasis and HIV/AIDS-related cutaneous diseases. Educational materials were designed to target these conditions.This research supports the value of store-and-forward teledermatology services for facilitating access to assistance in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous disease and increasing access to educational materials. The work demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness for a teledermatology network such as the African Teldermatology Project in improving the provision of care for skin diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, this technology can be seen as a practical and effective manner to distribute information to local health workers with the hope of significantly improving their ability to recognize, diagnose and treat cutaneous conditions.
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Evaluation of climate change effects in a coastal aquifer in Morocco using a density-dependent numerical model - Carneiro, Júlio; Boughriba, Mimoun; Correia, A.; Zarhloule, Yassine; Rimi, Abdelkrim; Houadi, Boubker El (Environmental Earth Sciences, 2009)
A density-dependent numerical groundwater model was applied to study the climate change impact in a shallow aquifer in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, the Saïdia aquifer. The stresses imposed to the model were derived from the IPCC emission scenarios and included recharge variation and sea level rise. The main effect of the climate change in the Saïdia aquifer will be a decrease in renewable resources, which in the worst-case scenario may decrease to 50–60% of present-day values, due to the decline in recharge and to a reduced inflow from the adjacent Triffa aquifer. The water quality will be affected mostly in the area immediately adjacent to the seashore, where salinity may increase up to 30 g/l. Localised areas may see a decrease in salinity due to the induced freshwater recharge from Oued Moulouya River and diminished inflow from high-salinity springs.
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Pollution characteristics of alluvial groundwater from springs and bore wells in semi-urban informal settlements of Douala, Cameroon, Western Africa - Takem, Gloria Eneke; Chandrasekharam, D.; Ayonghe, Samuel N.; Thambidurai, P. (Environmental Earth Sciences, 2009)
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Difficulty in Understanding Statistics: Medical Students’ Perspectives in a Nigerian University - Adeleye, OA; Ofili, AN (International Journal of Health Research, 2009)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international
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Sexual Risk Behaviour Among In-School Adolescents in Public Secondary Schools in a Southwestern City in Nigeria - Bello, AI Olugbenga; Adebimpe, WO; Abodunrin, Olugbemiga Lanre (International Journal of Health Research, 2009)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international
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Pharmacists and Nurses Perception of Medication Errors in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital - Demehin, Adeolu I; Babalola, Oladipo O; Erhun, Wilson O. (International Journal of Health Research, 2009)
The International Journal of Health Research is an online international journal allowing free unlimited access to abstract and full-text of published articles.The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
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Dermatology and early Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) recognition in Faith Alive Clinic Jos, Nigeria: a third year medical student experience - Durosaro, Olayemi; Comfere, Nneka I.; Silas, Gbenga; Isichei, Chris; el‐Azhary, Rokea A. (International Journal of Dermatology, 2009)
International Journal of DermatologyVolume 48, Issue 12 p. 1334-1337 Dermatology and early Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) recognition in Faith Alive Clinic Jos, Nigeria: a third year medical student experience Olayemi Durosaro BS, Olayemi Durosaro BS Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorNneka Comfere MD, Nneka Comfere MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorGbenga Silas MD, Gbenga Silas MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorChris Isichei MD, Chris Isichei MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorRokea El-Azhary MD, PhD, Rokea El-Azhary MD, PhD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author Olayemi Durosaro BS, Olayemi Durosaro BS Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorNneka Comfere MD, Nneka Comfere MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorGbenga Silas MD, Gbenga Silas MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorChris Isichei MD, Chris Isichei MD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorRokea El-Azhary MD, PhD, Rokea El-Azhary MD, PhD Student Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and Faith Alive Clinic, Jos, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 November 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04196.x Dr Nneka Comfere, MDDepartment of DermatologyMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochester, MN 55905E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume48, Issue12December 2009Pages 1334-1337 RelatedInformation
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Pharmacy Students Perception of the Application of Learning Management System in Patient-oriented Pharmacy Education: University of Benin Experience - Erah, Patrick O; Dairo, Emmanuel A (International Journal of Health Research, 2009)
The journal is devoted to the promotion of health sciences and related disciplines (including medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, and related engineering fields).It seeks particularly (but not exclusively) to encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, the industry and the healthcare professionals.It will also provide an international forum for the communication and evaluation of data, methods and findings in health sciences and related disciplines.The journal welcomes original research papers, reviews and case reports on current topics of special interest and relevance.All manuscripts will be subject to rapid peer review.Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for
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Implementing the Social and Economic Promise of the Constitution: The Role of South African Legal Education - Jones, Susan R.; Maisel, Peggy (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
The South African Constitution recognizes socio-economic rights as a necessary foundation for the enjoyment of civil and political rights. The South African Constitution, one of the most progressive in the world, contains many important protections such as the rights to equality, housing, and education. The Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Law (BEE) was designated to address the economic inequities of apartheid. South Africa’s commitment to economic justice is also evidenced by the fact that it is a signatory to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The challenge is translating these rights into opportunities for social and economic advancement by the vast majority of South Africans living in poverty. This chapter first identifies ways in which legal education must continue to change in order to educate lawyers who are able to assist with South Africa’s development. Second, it analyzes the contributions of clinical legal education since apartheid and some of the obstacles to its growth. Third, the chapter discusses community economic development (CED) law school clinics in the United States and the ways they may provide new ideas for South African legal education. Finally, the chapter discusses specific CED opportunities that exist in South Africa. The article argues that legal education in contemporary Africa must relate to the development needs of the country.
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Biomarker and stable carbon isotope analyses of sedimentary organic matter from Lake Tswaing: evidence for deglacial wetness and early Holocene drought from South Africa - Kristen, I.; Wilkes, Heinz; Vieth, Andrea; Zink, Klaus-Gerhard; Plessen, Birgit; Thorpe, J.; Partridge, T. C.; Oberhänsli, Hedi (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2009)
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Community Awareness on Microbial Water Pollution and Its Effects on Health Development in Urban Tanzania: A Case Study of Tabata and Kiwalani Wards in Ilala District in Dar es Salaam Region - Lyimo, CW; Shayo, Rose; Lyimo, TJ (Tanzania journal of development studies, 2009)
This article is based on a study that investigated community awareness on the problem of water pollution and established its relationship to socio-economic development in urban Tanzania, with a focus on a case study of Ilala Municipality in Dar es Salaam region. A sample of 160 respondents (men and women) from Tabata and Kiwalani wards in Ilala district were randomly selected and interviewed. Data was collected through questionnaire, focus group discussions, participant observation, and documentary reviews. Findings revealed that water pollution has been a major problem confronting most of Dar es Salaam residents. Ignorance on effects of microbial water pollution has resulted in tremendous ill health, which, in turn, has had negative consequences on socio-economic development. Indeed, frequent endemic water-borne diseases in the studied area were found to be a result of lack of awareness on water pollution. The majority of respondents 156 (97.5%) rely on dug wells that are very close to pit latrines, and drink water without boiling. In addition, 54 respondents (33.8%) had little knowledge on what causes water pollution. Although some respondents were aware of the possibility of acquiring diseases from untreated water, they continue using water from wells and boreholes due to the lack of safe tap water and poverty (ability to boil water). In addition, many of the respondents did not know the status of their water, although there are many scientific reports indicating that most of the well water in this area is faecal-polluted. As such, knowledge on water pollution is lacking. The study recommends government intervention by supplying safe-water and educating people in order to avoid occurrence of gastro-intestinal diseases. In addition, there is a need to give feedback of scientific results obtained from scientific research to the society.
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Community violence exposure and post-traumatic stress reactions among Gambian youth: the moderating role of positive school climate - O’Donnell, Deborah A.; Roberts, William C.; Schwab‐Stone, Mary (Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology (Print), 2009)
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Linking Home-School Dissonance to School-Based Outcomes for African American High School Students - Tyler, Kenneth M.; Brown-Wright, Lynda; Stevens‐Watkins, Danelle; Thomas, Deneia; Stevens, Ruby; Roan-Belle, Clarissa; Gadson, Nadia; Smith, La Toya (Journal of Black Psychology, 2009)
The current study examined associations between home-school dissonance and several academic and psychological variables among 239 African American high school students. Regression analyses revealed that home-school dissonance significantly predicted multiple academic and psychological variables, including academic cheating, disruptive classroom behavior, performance avoidant and performance approach goal orientations, and poor self-reported English and math grades. Implications of this research include a more systematic incorporation of African American high school students’ out-of-school experiences into their classroom learning experiences.
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‘We've moved away from disability as a health issue, it's a human rights issue’: reflecting on 10 years of the right to equality in South Africa - Heap, Marion; Lorenzo, Theresa; Thomas, Jacky T. (Disability & Society, 2009)
The South African Constitution (no. 108, 1996) enshrines the rights of disabled people to equality – an almost unprecedented attainment achieved by disabled people. Ten years on this paper reflects on what this has meant for disabled people in South Africa. It uses secondary sources and draws on the work and research experience of the authors. Human rights are viewed as a bundle of interrelated, interdependent and mutually supporting civil and political, as well as socio‐economic, rights. A brief description of the context introduces the body of the paper. The paper demonstrates that legislative and administrative measures have been put in place to protect the rights of disabled people but these have yet to be experienced at the everyday level of social life. The scale of the inequality that still exists requires disabled people to move beyond the courts of law and to adopt a human rights approach. However, this approach will require reviving the successful strategies and the spirit of collective action that realised disabled people's constitutional right to equality.
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Gauging Students’ Untutored Ability in Argumentation about Experimental Data: A South African case study - Lubben, Fred; Sadeck, Melanie; Scholtz, Zena; Braund, Martin (International Journal of Science Education, 2009)
Abstract This paper reports on a study into the untutored ability of Grade 10 students to engage in argumentation about the interpretation of experimental data, and the effect of unsupported small group discussions on this ability. In this study, argumentation intends to promote critical thinking. The sample includes 266 students from five South African schools across the resource spectrum, forming 70 friendship groups. Students are required to provide written interpretations of experimental data, and justify these interpretations based on the evidence and concepts of measurement. Individual responses form the basis of small group discussions after which students again provide written justified interpretations of the readings. The data show an initial low level of argumentation, with significant variation according to school resource levels. Considerable improvement in the level of argumentation occurs merely through small group discussions unsupported by the teacher. The findings suggest several factors influencing argumentation ability such as experience with practical work, perceptions of the purpose of small group discussions, the language ability to articulate ideas and cultural influences. Methodological issues arising from the study and implications for teaching and assessment are discussed. Keywords: ArgumentationExperimental evidenceCritical thinkingScience resource levelSecondary educationSmall group discussionsSouth Africa
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NATIONAL ATTEMPTS CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: THE CASE OF THE SYRIAN NATIONAL STANDARD MEDICAL TEST - Massoud, Hiba; Youef, L.; Ayoubi, Rami (2009)
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The Knowledge and Views of Teachers in Government EducationalInstitutions in Kampala District on the Proposed Social HealthInsurance Scheme in Uganda - Byabashaija, Aine Aloysious (2009)
The government of Uganda intends to introduce Social Health Insurance (SHI), starting with formal employees in the public and private sectors. For its successful implementation, key stakeholders need to be brought on board at the planning and design stage of the scheme. They need to understand and accept the principles, rationale and procedures of the scheme. Teachers, though low earners in the Ugandan setting, are the majority cadre of formal employees and thus key stakeholders in the proposed SHI scheme in Uganda. This study set out to find their knowledge and attitudes about the proposed scheme, just before the scheme started in July 2007. It was conducted on teachers in government educational institutions of the urban Kampala District, including primary and secondary schools and three universities. It was found that almost 60% of the teachers were ignorant about the proposed policy and the rest had scanty and often incorrect information. They did not want extra deductions from their meager salaries of between US$ 100 - 200 per month and the majority preferred single annual contributions, not monthly deductions. They felt they had been neither sufficiently educated nor consulted about the scheme. They were wary of a possibility of management of the scheme by the government and had no confidence in a government mechanism, due to recent history of corruption and mismanagement of public funds. They expected to get a wide benefit package for their entire families, which was beyond what is in the proposed scheme. The paper recommends intensified education about the proposed scheme for key stakeholders such as teachers, and their involvement in the design of their scheme, passing through their professional associations. It also recommends that government engages in confidence-building activities with the stakeholders of the scheme, to ensure acceptability of a government-mooted programme.
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Southern Africa Summer Drought and Heat Waves: Observations and Coupled Model Behavior - Lyon, Bradfield (Journal of Climate, 2009)
Abstract Observations of daily maximum temperature (Tx) and monthly precipitation and their counterpart fields from three coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) archive have been used for exploratory research into the behavior of heat waves, drought, and their joint occurrence across the southern Africa subcontinent. The focus is on seasonal drought and heat waves during austral summer [December–February (DJF)] for land areas south of 15°S. Observational results (Tx available only for South Africa) are compared with those based on CMIP3 twentieth-century climate runs for a common analysis period of 1961–2000 while climate projections for the twenty-first century are also considered using the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B forcing scenario. Heat waves were defined when daily Tx values exceeded the 90th percentile for at least 3 consecutive days, while drought was identified via a standardized index of seasonal precipitation. When assessed over the entire study domain the unconditional probability of a heat wave, and its conditional probability given drought conditions, were similar in the models and (for a smaller domain) observations. The models exhibited less ability in reproducing the observed conditional probability of a heat wave given El Niño conditions. This appears to be related to a comparatively weak seasonal precipitation teleconnection pattern into southern Africa in the models during El Niño when drought conditions often develop. The heat wave–drought relationship did not substantially change in climate projections when computing anomalies from future climate means. However, relative to a 1981–2000 base period, the probability of a heat wave increases by over 3.5 times relative to the current climate. Projections across the three models suggest a future drying trend during DJF although this was found to be a model-dependent result, consistent with other studies. However, a decreasing trend in the evaporative fraction was identified across models, indicating that evaluation of future drought conditions needs to take into account both the supply (precipitation) and demand (evaporation) side of the surface water balance.
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Soil Moisture and Droughts in Africa - Fahnbulleh, Gilbert (The Fifth Education and Science Forum, 2009)
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The re-organisation of rural education in the Cape province of the Union of South Africa - Malan, Johannes Rossouw (2009)
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Curriculum innovation in teacher education : exploring conceptions among Tanzanian teacher educators - Meena, Wilberforce (2009)
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Globalization, Social Justice, and Education in Africa: Neoliberalism, Knowledge Capitalism in Sub-Saharan Africa - Banya, Kingsley (2009)
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Politicizing the Contemporary Learner: Implications for African Schooling and Education - Dei, George J. Sefa (2009)
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Teaching Africa: “Development” and Decolonization - Dei, George J. Sefa (2009)
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Teaching and Learning African History - Dei, George J. Sefa (2009)
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Linking graduate research to market-oriented agricultural development: IPMS experience with Ethiopian higher learning institutions - Lemma, Tesfaye; Tegegne, Azage; Hoekstra, Dirk (2009)
Graduate programs in agriculture and allied disciplines in Ethiopia are expected to make concrete contribution to market-oriented development of smallholder agriculture. This, among others, calls for realignment and engagement of the programs with smallholder farmers and, value chain, R&D and policy actors. No panacea exists, however, as to how to ensure effective linkages, and thereby responsiveness. Lessons from initiatives on the ground in the country and beyond is thus crucial to inform the development of appropriate policy and innovative strategy. With the same purpose, this paper discusses the key challenges facing the graduate programs and IPMS initiative to enhance the relevance of graduate research to challenges in commodity value chain development. The paper draws lessons and identifies strategic options based on the insights from IPMS experience as well as other emerging opportunities to improving the relevance and quality of research and learning in the graduate programs. The paper concludes by explicitly recognizing that improving the quality and relevance of graduate research and learning is a daunting task, requiring a holistic approach, multi-pronged and multi-level strategies, and long term commitment. =============================================================== ® paper presented at the 5 International Conference on Ethiopian Development Studies, November 1214.2009, Adama University, Ethiopia © Corresponding author t.lemma@cgiar.org
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Education, Social Justice, and Development in South Africa and Cuba: Comparisons and Connections - Napier, Diane Brook (2009)
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Legal Frameworks for Higher Education Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa - Saint, William (Higher Education Policy, 2009)
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Climate change and population health in Africa: where are the scientists? - Byass, Peter (Global Health Action, 2009)
Despite a growing awareness of Africans’ vulnerability to climate change, there is relatively little empirical evidence published about the effects of climate on population health in Africa. This review brings together some of the generalised predictions about the potential continent-wide effects of climate change with examples of the relatively few locally documented population studies in which climate change and health interact. Although ecologically determined diseases such as malaria are obvious candidates for susceptibility to climate change, wider health effects also need to be considered, particularly among populations where adequacy of food and water supplies may already be marginal.
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Africanized honeybees are slower learners than their European counterparts - Couvillon, Margaret J.; DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Gronenberg, Wulfila (The Science of Nature, 2009)
Does cognitive ability always correlate with a positive fitness consequence? Previous research in both vertebrates and invertebrates provides mixed results. Here, we compare the learning and memory abilities of Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata hybrid) and European honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica). The range of the Africanized honeybee continues to expand, superseding the European honeybee, which led us to hypothesize that they might possess greater cognitive capabilities as revealed by a classical conditioning assay. Surprisingly, we found that fewer Africanized honeybees learn to associate an odor with a reward. Additionally, fewer Africanized honeybees remembered the association a day later. While Africanized honeybees are replacing European honeybees, our results show that they do so despite displaying a relatively poorer performance on an associative learning paradigm.
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Effects of Integrated Connection to a Neighborhood Storytelling Network (ICSN) and Education on Chronic Disease Knowledge Gaps among African Americans and Latinos in Los Angeles - Kim, Yongchan; Wilkin, Holley A.; Moran, Meghan Bridgid; Ball‐Rokeach, Sandra J. (2009)
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Perceptions of teachers on the benefits of teacher development programmes in one province of South Africa - Mestry, Raj; Hendricks, Ilona; Bisschoff, Tom (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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Personal characteristics that predict South Africans’ participation in activities of their children’s schools - Mmotlane, Ronnie; Winnaar, Lolita; Kivilu, Mbithi wa (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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Meta-synthesis on learners’ experience of aggression in secondary schools in South Africa - Myburgh, Chris; Poggenpoel, Marie (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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The representation of women in a sample of post-1994 South African school History textbooks - Schoeman, Sonja (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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A comparison between the views of teachers in South Africa and six other countries on involvement in school change - Swanepoel, Cassie (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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A comparison between the views of teachers in South Africa and six other countries on involvement in school change - Swanepoel, Cassie (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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Risks Prevention Plans (RPP) and the vulnerability of peoples around volcanoes: Case study of Mt. Cameroon - Zogning, Appolinaire; Spinetti, Claudia; Ngouanet, Chrétien; Tchoudam, David; Thierry, P.; Bignami, Christian; Kouokam, Emmanuel; Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia; Apa, Maria Ilaria Pannaccione (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2009)
Located at the bottom of the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon is exposed to a large variety of natural hazards, some of which are linked to volcanic activity. These are concentrated around the active volcano Mt. Cameroon which combines effusive and explosive types of activity. The threatened stakes are numerous and diversely exposed. They include people, habitat, industrial plantations, a petrol refinery complex and many other industries, equipments and infrastructures. In order to understand and strengthen civil protection measures, for the security of the population faced with natural hazards, the French Embassy in Cameroon, within the framework of a financial convention between Cameroon and France, put in place the GRINP (Management of Natural Risks and Civil Protection) project whose objective was to reinforce the capacity of Cameroon's civil protection department and thus, contribute to the improvement of the security of the population faced with catastrophes. At the end of the 2 years working program focused on the “Elaboration of the risk zoning map of the Mount Cameroon”, which corresponds to the 1st phase of the 1st component of the GRINP project, some key recommendations were made to Cameroonian authorities. In the framework of the implementation of recommendation n°1, it was deemed necessary to carry on a risk prevention plan (RPP) project, which was the 2nd phase of the 1st component, with the aim of reducing the vulnerability of the stakes. The objective was to realize a Risk Prevention Plan at a local council scale, and taking into consideration the specific natural risks of each zone. The general objective of the RPP was to clearly draw land use maps for risks zones, showing the overlay of stakes with risk of different intensities. This then led to the setting up of regulations that can reduce the impact of natural catastrophes on human lives and properties.
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Impact of home types, religion and gender on adolescent social adjustment among Ogun State Secondary Schools students in Nigeria - Adeoye, AO (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
The study examined the combined and relative effect of Home types, Religion and Gender on adolescent social adjustment. It made used of random sampling technique in selecting 200 adolescents from Ikenne Local Government of Ogun State Nigerian. The age range of the adolescent was between 12 and 18 years with a mean age of 15.5 and a standard deviation of 3.21. The ex-post – facto research design was employed. A 30- item self-developed questionnaire measuring adolescent social adjustment was used in generating data for the study. Data analysis involved the use of Multiple regression (enter procedure) and a t-test of independent means. The result indicated that the predictor variable accounted for 19.6% of the determinant of adolescent social adjustment and were significant. There was no significant different in male and female adolescent social adjustment (t-cal=1.68
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Indigenous counseling: A needed area in school counseling in Nigeria - Ahmadu, Y (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
Indigenous counselling has not been given attention in Nigeria’s school counselling programme. This counselling gap was created by European colonialism, which succeeded in developing in the minds of the African that anything indigenous is local, unscientific and unorthodox. Indigenous counselling is one of the casualties of colonial mentality. Counselling which is supposed to be a culturally loaded process for helping individuals to either regain or take direction for their lives is dominated by Western counselling. This neglect of indigenous counselling in the school counselling, forms the basis of this paper. The paper examines the relevant aspects of indigenous counselling and the need for indigenous counselling in Nigeria’s school counselling programme. The paper recommends a synthetic counselling curriculum made up of indigenous and western counselling for the school. Indigenous counselling should have an association of their own as the western trained counsellors in order to keep the ethics of their profession. Government should continue the training of more counsellors to make it possible for most schools to benefit from the counsellors’ services. There is also the need for indigenous counsellors to complement the efforts of the western counsellors in order to assist the students maximize their potentials as best as possible.
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Counselling and Nigeria National Policy on Education: The question of relevance and competence - Alao, Ireti Folasade (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
The provision for guidance and counseling in the Nigeria National Policy on Education has been an issue of concern to professional counselors for some time now. A critical appraisal of this provision reveals an obvious non-recognition, ignorance and neglect of the crucial contributions of counseling to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the National Policy on Education. Every fiscal year, much financial allocation is given to the education sector but without corresponding results to show for this huge investment. Counseling has been with man since time immemorial, and it has been found to be effective in producing long term results and positive effects. Even in the vicarious non formal indigenous education system, counseling still took the pride of place. It is therefore an issue of great concern to observe the terse provision made for counseling in organized formal education settings in Nigeria. The paper interrogates these concerns, investigating especially the relevance of counseling and the competence of school guidance counselors in the school system. Specifically, the paper focuses on the secondary school system to be able to make specific recommendations in defining the way forward as regards effective utilization of guidance and counseling for this sector of the educational system. The paper makes a brief review and analysis of the Nigeria National Policy on Education (NPE) (2004), thereby presenting a position on the recognition of guidance and counseling, and making recommendations on effective implementation of guidance and counseling in secondary schools in Nigeria.
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Preference for sources of counselling among parents of children with hearing impairments in Zimbabwe - Charema, John (Mass communication journal, 2009)
This article explores whether or not the gender of parents of children with hearing impairments has a part to play in their preference for sources of counseling. Discussions on sources of counseling and implications for counselors and the counseling field are provided. Out of a population of all parents of identified school going age children with hearing impairments in Zimbabwe, a sample of two hundred and seventy parents was obtained through simple random sampling procedure to take part in the study. Parents of children with hearing impairments participated in this exploratory study by completing questionnaires indicating their preferences for sources of counseling according to their (parents) gender. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data through the use of chi-square tests. When the first group of sources of counseling were grouped as follows; (a) special schools, (b) counseling organizations, churches and hospitals (c) relatives, individuals and friends, results indicate a fairly strong association between first source of counseling information and gender of parents. When source (a) was eliminated results indicate a moderate association between source (b) of counseling information and the gender of the participants in the study. With (a) and (b) eliminated results indicate a fairly strong relationship between gender and the third source of counseling information. If these results are found to be stable in future research, clients can be classified and referred to the most appropriate sources of counseling.
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Guidance and Counselling in the Universal Basic Education Scheme in Nigeria: relevance and challenges - Gesinde, AM (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme is a relatively new policy agenda in Nigeria. The adoption of this programme has set the pace for an improved educational system. The successful implementation of the policy agenda, however, depends on a number of factors. One of such factors is the human resource required for its successful implementation. Quite a number of personnel has significant and diverse roles to play. The guidance counsellor whose role is to provide indispensable guidance services is the primary focus of this paper. The paper justifies the relevance of guidance services to the UBE scheme and also isolates a number of challenges facing the guidance counsellor in the process of contributing to the successful implementation of UBE proramme. The paper, in conclusion, recommended among others that guidance and counselling curricula at the university level should incorporate acquisition of skills and techniques of counselling children.
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The study strategy–performance function among students in three Teachers’ Colleges in Masvingo and Harare, Zimbabwe - Mushoriwa, T.D. (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
This article summarises the results of a relatively large study that investigated the study strategy – performance function among college students. The study employed the survey research design to gather data, using a questionnaire which was administered to 300 students (150 males and 150 females) randomly selected from three Teachers’ Colleges. The study basically assumed that college students use different study strategies and that these study strategies are significantly related to gender, type of college (private or government) and learning outcome. A Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to explore the interaction between study strategy, gender, type of college and learning outcome. The study found that while college students use both deep and surface study strategies, there were more deep strategy users than surface strategy users in the sample. A significant relationship between study strategy and learning outcome was observed. Gender was not significantly related to both study strategy and learning outcome. While type of college was significantly related to learning outcome, it was not significantly related to study strategy. The study made recommendations for educational practice, chiefly that students should be helped to develop and use effective and task-appropriate study strategies.
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“Ain't nobody gonna get me down”: An Examination of the Educational Experiences of Four African American Women Labeled With Disabilities - Petersen, Amy J. (Equity & Excellence in Education, 2009)
This study used qualitative research methods to explore the educational experiences of four African American women with disabilities, revealing how each participant developed a critical consciousness in response to the dominant ideology surrounding the discourses of African American, woman, and disabled. The development of a critical consciousness led participants to counter the oppressive nature of their educational experiences by engaging in acts of resistance. Recommendations are made with regard to how K-18 educators might support and capitalize upon students' critical consciousness to facilitate equitable classroom communities.
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Education and youth development in Eritrea: A discourse - Rena, Ravinder (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
The efficiency of any education and training system is often judged by how well this system prepares the recipients for gainful employment and thus bring about a positive social and economic change in them. Students in Eritrea are expected to acquire appropriate knowledge and skills as part of their education and training. This paper focuses mainly on education and economic development, education and youth. In addition, it also highlights some of the problems and challenges of education in post-independent Eritrea. The methodology used in this paper is essentially a descriptive analysis of data obtained from secondary sources, mainly government and Ministry of Education documents, survey reports, research articles, books and other published, and unpublished, materials on Eritrea.
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Higher Education in Papua New Guinea - Imperatives, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities in the Context of Globalisation - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
Education has long been considered as a corner stone in economic development. The 21st century has brought new challenges and opportunities for higher education. In the wake of the transition from elitist to mass education, universities worldwide are under pressure to enhance access and equity, on the one hand, and to maintain high standards of quality and excellence, on the other. Papua New Guinea is a developing but an emerging economy in the South Pacific strenuously working to improvise its higher education in accordance with global changes. This paper analyse the effect of globalisation on education and also discusses about the impact of globalisation on higher education, regulations, culture etc. This paper presents an overview of globalisation and higher education. It also explores the Papua New Guinean higher education and its challenges. This paper also highlights the significant impacts that globalization has brought to higher education, and suggest why higher education institutions in PNG should make structural changes in response to the globalization
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The tsunami triggered by the 21 May 2003 Boumerdès-Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake: field investigations on the French Mediterranean coast and tsunami modelling - Sahal, Alexandre; Roger, Jean; Allgeyer, S.; Lemaire, Bruno J.; Hébert, Hélène; Schindelé, François; Lavigne, Franck (Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print), 2009)
Abstract. A field survey was organized on the French Mediterranean coasts to investigate the effects of the tsunami induced by the 21 May 2003 Boumerdès-Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake (Mw=6.9). The results show that eight harbours were affected by important sea level disturbances that caused material loss. Unfortunately, the low sampling rate of the French tide gage records (10 min) does not allow for a proper evaluation of the tsunami wave amplitudes since these amplitudes were probably underestimated in the harbours where these sensors are installed. The survey brings to light regional and local contrasts among the harbours' hydrological responses to the tsunami. To better understand these contrasts, a numerical simulation of the sea level elevations induced by the tsunami was conducted. The simulation showed a certain correlation between the field results and the wave amplification along the coast; however it underestimated the observed phenomena. Another simulation was then conducted using high resolution bathymetric grids (space step of 3 m) centred more specifically on 3 neighbouring harbours, however, again the simulation results did not match the amplitudes recorded through the observations. In order to better understand the wave amplification mechanisms inside each grid, a Gaussian signal was virtually broadcasted from the source to the harbours. Virtual sensors identified the periods which are stimulated – or not – by the arrival of the signal in each grid. Comparing these periods with those previously recorded emphasizes the proper period of each waterbody. This paper evaluates the limitations of such a study, focusing specifically on (1) the importance of having accurate and precise data about the source (the lack of information about the signal amplitude leads to an underestimation of the tsunami, thus reproducing only a fourth to a third of the observed phenomenon), (2) the need for networked tide gages with high resolution records and short sampling rates, and (3) the importance of conducting field studies immediately after a tsunami occurs.
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Reforms in Nigerian education sector: Implications for Science and Technology Education - Uwaifo, VO; Uwaifo, IU (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2009)
This paper examines the state of Education in Nigeria, the current educational reforms and their implications for science and technology education. It reviews various score sheets for the state of the countries educational system pointing to indicators of the system being inefficient, and attendantly calling for a reformation. The paper looks into the present educational reforms and reveals that all the federal government policies on educational reforms since 1999 have been informed and dictated by the goals of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS.) Its implications for the rejuvenation of science and technology teaching and learning in the country. It concludes that educational reforms are necessary in the life of any development oriented social system.
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Collection and Transfusion of Blood in Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Nigeria, 2000 – 2005 - Egesie, OJ; Joseph, DE; Egesie, UG; Abdullahi, Asara M. (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2009)
Objective: This study was embarked on to investigate the pattern of blood collection and transfusion in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos between 2000 and 2005 in the face of the present human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic.Methodology: Blood bank records of blood donors and transfusions were obtained. Comparison of the blood collected against the demand for each year studied was done. Records of pre donation screening for transfusion transmissible infections were also obtained.Results: A total of 21,123 units of whole blood all of which were homologous donations were collected. Approximately three thousand units were donated yearly. A total of 19,786 units were actually transfused.A steady increase in the demand for blood was observed. Mean percentage of seropositivity for Anti- HBsAg, HCV and HIV antibodies were 21, 7.3 and 6.9 respectively. There were no screenings for Syphilis during the period under review.Conclusion: We conclude that blood collection and transfusion in JUTH is on the increase with anti- HIV positivity still being high. There is therefore, an urgent need to further improve the safety of blood transfused through provision of appropriate screening methods, encouragement of autologousdonations and ensuring good laboratory practice.
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Similarities and mutual understanding: exchange experiences in Malawi for host and guest students - Hagen, Lawrence T; Munkhondya, Berlington; Myhre, Kristin (International Nursing Review, 2009)
Background: A Malawian nursing college and a Norwegian university college have agreed to cooperate in facilitating clinical exchanges for nursing students at their respective institutions. This study describes the experiences of students in an innovative exchange. Norwegian and Malawian nursing students shared clinical placement in pairs of two in Malawi for 8 weeks. This study shows that both host and guest students benefit from the clinical placement as it enhances development of clinical competence. Methods: The design of the study is phenomenological/hermeneutical. The theoretical foundation is based upon Campinha‐Bacote's model for the development of cultural competence. All participating nursing students were interviewed. Their stories provided the rationale for the three main categories that are discussed. Findings: Students experience both similarities and differences in practice, but similarities are regarded as the stronger impression. Learning relational skills is the primary learning outcome, but learning how to nurse patients is also an important outcome. During the exchange period all students developed cultural competence. This way of organizing shared placements for guest and host students from different countries is valuable for all students. It also met the curricular demands in both countries.
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Helminthiasis among School Age Children in Osogbo Municipality, Osun State, Nigeria - Hassan, A K R; Amoo, A.O.; Hassan, RO (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2009)
A study of intestinal helminth parasites was carried out in three primary schools in Osogbo metropolis between January 2007 and October 2007, feacal samples from 479 pupils were examined using direct smear and formol ether concentration methods out of these 365 (76.2%) were positive. Five helminthic parasites were identified in the feacal samples; Ascaris lumbricoides (50.70%), hookworm (23.00%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.85%), Trichuris trichuria (0.42%) and Schistosoma mansoni (1.30%) with mixed infection of Ascaris lumbricoids and hookworm (3.34%), Ascaris lumbricoids and Trichuris trichuria (0.21%) and S. mansoni (0.63%). None of the parasites was sex – dependent since the parasites were found in both sexes and all age groups in varying degrees. The infections were school dependent, public schools have significantly higher prevalence (p
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Home Economics Students’ Perception of the Relevance of Consumer Education to Clothing Choice in Nigeria - Arubayi, DO (African research review, 2009)
The purpose of this research work was to appraise Home Economicsstudents’ perception of the Relevance of Consumer Education to ClothingChoice. To carry out this work three research questions were raised. All 78300 and 400 levels Home Economics students enrolled in Delta StateUniversity in the 2008 academic session made up the population of the study. The study adopted an ex-post facto descriptive research design. A structured Questionnaire was used to elicit response from the respondents. The data collected were analysed using simple frequency counts and percentages. Findings revealed that students’ rating of their knowledge of Consumer Education was 100%. However, it was revealed that sex and class level influenced students perception of the relevance of Consumer Education to the clothing Choice. Based on the findings some recommendations were made.
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Classroom Climate and Students’ Academic Achievement in Social Studies in Cross River, Nigeria - Ekpo, K; Akpan, OE; Essien, E. E.; Imo-Obot, MM (African Research Review, 2009)
This research project examined “Classroom climate and its relationship with students’ academic achievement in Social Studies”. Ex post facto design was adopted. The population of the study comprised 14,297 JSS III students and the sample was 1,200 JSS III students selected through stratified random technique from the three Educational Zones in State Secondary Education Board, Cross River State. The instrument used was a structured six-point Likert scale questionnaire, the reliability estimate of which ranged from 0.7 to 0.8 and achievement test adapted from Junior Secondary School Certificate Examination, Ministry of Education, Cross River State (2004) were used to collect information used in the study. The data collected were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression. The hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance and 1198 and F (9,1190) degree of freedom. Based on the findings, it was concludedthat all the independent variables mentioned in this study jointly contribute to the variance in students’ academic achievement in Social Studies. It was recommended that Social Studies teachers should be trained to improve their skills on an encouraging classroom climate for students’ confidence and initiative through seminars, conferences and in-service programmes.
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Intervention Models of Non-formal Education for the Reintegration of Abused Children in South-Western, Nigeria - Iyamade, OT (African research review, 2009)
This study examined application of models in the design of non-formal education programmes for capacity building among abused children for societal reintegration.It is observed that various strategies for enhancing capacity building for abused children, most of whom are victims of the maladjustment and inadequacies of the formal educational system, have suffered neglect and unsustainable.The study adopted the survey research design.Using a sample size of 898 participants selected purposively from trainees, instructors and organizers of technical capacity building programmes for abused children, a 4-point rating scale validate questionnaire tagged: "Non-Formal Education Reintegration Scale (NERS), (0.56) was used for data collection complemented with focus Group Discussion (FGD).The test of the two null hypotheses raised with t-test and chi-square (x 2 ) at 0.05 alpha level shows that: Non-formal education intervention models were effective strategies for capacitating and reintegrating abused children into the society (x 2 = 534.5;p < 0.05).There was no significance difference among gender on the effectiveness of non-formal education intervention models in enhancing capacity building among abused children for their reintegration into society (t = 1.797; p < 0.05).Based on these findings, it was advanced that models of non-formal education should be accorded more resources for social and economic re-integration of abused children for their selfactualization.
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What Is the African American’s Experience Following Imago Education? - Martin, Tanya L.; Bielawski, Dawn M. (Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 2009)
The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the African American’s experience following Imago education. Six women and six men were interviewed for this study. Qualitative data analysis resulted in the following themes: (a) improved communication between partners, (b) increased understanding of self, (c) increased understanding of partner, (d) increased understanding of one’s own and one’s partner’s childhood, (e) revealed more of one’s authentic self, and (f) expressed need for more education about Imago therapy within the African American community. Information gained from this study will be of value to the field of psychology, providing culturally pertinent insight about African Americans and how they experience relationships and psychotherapy. The findings are presented and summarized through themes, individual quotes, a composite depiction, and a creative synthesis. Future research in this area would examine the long-term effects of Imago education in this population.
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Organizational Climate as Correlates of Students’ Academic Achievement in Secondary School Economics in Oyo State, Nigeria - Ojelabi, SA (African Research Review, 2009)
The introduction of organizational climate as a variable that affect students' performance has attracted the interest of economics educators and researchers.This concern arose from the fact that students' achievements in the Secondary School Certificate Economics have remained poor.Several studies have explained students' poor performance in economics through the isolation of one factor but this study combined student and school factors It is against this background that this study investigated the relationship among organizational climate (sense of belonging; human relations and leadership credibility) and secondary school students' achievement in economics.The study adopted survey research design of the ex-post facto type.A purposive sampling technique was used to select sample for this.Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation and multiple regression statistics.The three variables have a joint positive multiple correlation with student achievement in economics (R=.638).The three independent variables also accounted for 40.4% of the variance of student achievement in economics (Adjusted R 2 =.404).Leadership credibility made the most significant contribution to achievement in economics (β=.445;P<0.05)It was also revealed that human relations (B = 4.006E-02; t = 2.982; p<.05) and leader credibility (B=-3.250;t=-16.468;p<.05) could predict student
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Study Habit, Self-Concept and Science Achievement of Public and Private Junior Secondary School Students in Ogun State, Nigeria - Olatoye, Rafiu Ademola (African Research Review, 2009)
This study compared study habit, self-concept and science achievement of students in public and private junior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria.Twelve secondary schools were randomly selected from Egba and Ijebu divisions of the state.A sample of three hundred and sixty (360) students participated in the study.Three research instruments were used to collect data.There was no significant difference in study habit and selfconcept of students in public and private schools.However, private school students performed significantly better than their public school counterparts in integrated science (t = 3.400, p<0.05).In both public and private schools student study habit and self-concept combined together and singularly predicted science achievement.Counsellors should encourage students to study and also train them on how to improve their self-concept in order to improve science achievement.
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Schistosomiasis Haematobium Prevalence and Risk Factors in a School-age Population of Peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia - Agnew-Blais, Jessica; Carnevale, Julia; Gropper, Adrienne B.; Shilika, Edgar; Bail, Richard; Ngoma, Mary Shilalukey (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2009)
Given association of the parasite Schistosoma haematobium with coastal and rural/agricultural populations, there is little documentation to date of infection patterns in today’s rapidly urbanizing non-coastal regions. We conducted an observational study of 5–17-year-old school children (N = 1583) in peri-urban compounds of Lusaka, Zambia. Demographic information, medical history, physical examination findings and urinalysis results were recorded. Prevalence of schistosomiasis in the population was 20.72%. Significant risk factors for infection were male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.42], age of 9–12 years or 13–17 years (OR 3.33 and 3.26, respectively, compared with 5–8-year-olds) and single and/or double orphan status (OR 1.43). Clinical officers detected schistosomiasis with a sensitivity of 24.70% and a specificity of 98.17% after history and physical examination. These results reveal that peri-urban populations have a significant but under-recognized vulnerability to infection, and suggest that only history and physical examination are inadequate for identifying a treatment population.
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Curbing the Global Culture of Violence in Nigerian Secondary Schools: The Role of School Administrators - Akpan, Roselene John (African research review, 2009)
The interactions of learners from distant contrasting cultures through the use of modern communication technologies are integral part of global learning experience leading to globalization.Globalization rides on the crest of technological and information revolution and has numerous gains.Unfortunately, globalization also breeds violence and conflicts.In Nigeria today, violence is one of the major causes of death for the adolescents.Teaching and earning have been impaired by violence in schools.This paper suggests administrative strategies to curb the escalation of violence among the youths so that Nigerians can maximally enjoy the benefits of globalization.The interaction of learners from distant contrasting cultures through the use of modern communication technologies is an integral part of global learning experience leading to globalization.Globalization is a new phenomenon aimed at achieving millennium development goals (MDGS).According to Emetarom (2001), MDGS comprises prevention of HIV/Aids and other health hazards on global scales, extermination of child labour and human trafficking, conflicts resolutions, protection of human and peoples rights, gender equity, protection of the environment, prevention of drug trafficking and drug abuse, reduction of prostitution and eradication of corruption in
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Information Communication Technologies in the Management of Education for Sustainable Development in Africa - Bassey, SU; Okodoko, Diepreye; Akpanumoh, UD (African research review, 2009)
The growing complexities of university governance and the challenges posed to university managers in Africa makes the application of Hi-Tech information and ICTs indispensable for quality assurance and goal attainment.The crucial role that ICTs play in effective management of university education for sustainable development in Africa was the focus of the paper.The paper analyzed the variables ICTs in students' learning, ICTs in teaching and research, ICTs in university administration, and challenges of ICT application in African universities.On the basis of the foregoing analysis, proprietors of public and private universities and their top management were challenged to embrace the ICT revolution, integrate them into all areas of university life and properly fund the timely initiative.The need for this decision is both urgent and demanding.
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The Relationship between Principals’ Managerial Approaches and Student Discipline in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Bosire, Joseph (African research review, 2009)
Students' discipline is critical to the attainment of positive school outcomes.This paper presents and discusses findings of a study on the relationship between principals' management approaches and the level of student discipline in selected public secondary schools in Kenya.The premise of the study was that the level of students' discipline depends on whether the principals' discipline management approach is inclusive or exclusive of teachers' and parents' involvement.Data were collected using a selfadministered questionnaire from a sample of 211 teachers, 28 principals and 22 chairpersons of the Parent-Teachers Association.The raw data were analysed using frequency counts, the mean and standard deviation and hypotheses tested using the t-test and one way ANOVA at alpha level of 0.05.Key findings indicated that female principals applied more inclusive
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Between Disability and Womanhood: The Everyday Struggles and Triumphs of a Kenyan Woman - Gathecha, Beneditta Ngina (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2009)
no abstract available
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Childhood overweight and obesity among Kenyan pre-school children: association with maternal and early child nutritional factors - Gewa, Constance (Public health nutrition (Wallingford), 2009)
To report on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-school children in Kenya and examine the associations between childhood overweight and selected maternal and child-related factors.Demographic Health Survey data, multistage stratified cluster sampling methodology.Rural and urban areas of Kenya.A total of 1495 children between the ages of 3 and 5 years in Kenya.Over 30 % of the children were stunted, approximately 16 % were underweight, 4 % were wasted, approximately 18 % were overweight and 4 % were obese; 8 % were both overweight/obese and stunted. Maternal overweight and obesity, higher levels of maternal education, being a large or very large child at birth, and being stunted were each associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity among Kenyan children. Older children and large household size were each associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among Kenyan children.The analysis demonstrates the presence of under- and overnutrition among Kenyan pre-school children and the importance of focusing on expanding efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition within this population. It also identifies some of the modifiable factors that can be targeted in these efforts.
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