Manufacturing training systems in developing countries - A Libyan case study - Afshouk, A.; Shelton, Paul (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of childhood malignant tumours in a teaching hospital in south‐western Nigeria - Agboola, Ayodeji; Adekanmbi, Folashade; Musa, A.A.; Sotimehin, Adetoun S; Deji-Agboola, Anotu Mopelola; Shonubi, A.M.O.; Oyebadejo, T Y; Banjo, Adekunbi A F (Medical Journal of Australia, 2009)
Objective: To document general baseline data on the patterns of childhood malignant tumours at a teaching hospital in south-western Nigeria. Design, setting and participants: A retrospective study of childhood malignancy at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria, during an 11-year period, from January 1996 to December 2006. Results: 77 children were diagnosed with malignant tumours (an average of seven diagnoses per year); 46 were boys (60%), giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 : 1. The age distribution of patients was 1–18 years. There were 42 diagnoses (55%) in the 1–5-year age group and 68 malignancies (88%) were diagnosed at ages of 12 years or younger. Lymphomas were the most prevalent malignancy identified, accounting for 31 diagnoses (40%). Burkitt's lymphoma constituted the majority of malignancies (28 cases; 36%), followed by retinoblastoma (16 cases; 21%) and nephroblastoma (11 cases; 14%). Other malignancies included germ cell tumours (6), neuroblastomas (4), osteosarcomas (3), rhabdomyosarcomas (3) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (3). One case each of medullary thyroid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the rectum, invasive mucinous carcinoma of the colon were also identified. Conclusion: These data suggest that Burkitt's lymphoma is the most common childhood malignant tumour in our geographic area of south-western Nigeria. With the rising incidence of childhood malignancy in resource-poor countries, measuring the baseline occurrence of such tumours is imperative to provide much-needed resource allocation.
Keywords: openalex:import

Determinants of Student Dropout from Two External Degree Programmes of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda - Aguti, Jessica Norah; Nakibuuka, Dorothy; Kajumbula, Richard (2009)
This paper reports on the results of an analytical, cross-sectional, comparative study adopting tracer methodologies to establish the determinants of student dropout from two external degree programmes of Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Distance education (DE) has the capacity to increase access to education as an alternative to face-to-face instruction. Using stratified sampling, continuing students and students who dropped out of the Bachelor of Education (External) degree and the Commonwealth diploma in Youth in Development Work were selected as samples while purposive sampling was used to select lecturers and administrators. Findings showed that socio-cultural and financial factors mainly contributed to the student dropout. Other factors included environmental factors like the teaching and learning environment, transfers from one working place to another, loss of jobs, demanding jobs, sickness and feelings of isolation. It is recommended that there should be advocacy for the decentralisation of support activities so that services are moved nearer to students, hence reducing their expenses; materials should be printed and made available while funds should also be solicited by the Department of DE to construct a building that can accommodate the unique activities required by DE students. Employers of students should also be sensitised about the advantages of studying by distance so that they support the students and give them soft loans to enable them to meet the requirements for university study. Abstrak
Keywords: openalex:import

Lexical, cultural and grammatical translation problems encountered by senior palestinian EFL learners at the Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine - Ahmed, M El Haj (2009)
The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze and classify the lexical, cultural and grammatical problems encountered by senior Palestinian EFL university learners in their English-Arabic translations and to find out any gender differences regarding their translation problems. The translation test used in this empirical study consisted of 18 texts covering three types: descriptive, argumentative and instructional. These texts were translated by 28 students chosen randomly from the Department of English at the Islamic University of Gaza. The students also responded to a questionnaire regarding the level of difficulty of each translated text. The analysis of students’ translations was based on the linguistic judgments of a group of Arabic specialists including the researcher’s assessment, a rater’s assessment, the target readership assessment and the work of a professional translator. The results showed that Palestinian EFL student translators committed errors on three levels: lexical, cultural and grammatical. The most frequent errors were grammatical errors, followed by lexical errors and cultural errors. Grammatical errors were mainly attributed to linguistic differences between English and Arabic as well as students’ lack of linguistic competence. Lexical errors were mainly attributed to students’ tendency to adopt literal translation and their total dependence on existing bilingual dictionaries. Cultural errors on the other hand resulted from students’ unfamiliarity with the source language culture and lack of knowledge of the target culture. The study also revealed that male students committed more errors than female students at lexical and grammatical levels. However, male students committed fewer errors than female students at the cultural level. The results of the questionnaire showed that argumentative texts were regarded by students as the most difficult, followed by instructional and finally descriptive texts.
Keywords: openalex:import

Promoting cessation and a tobacco free future: willingness of pharmacy students at the University of Lagos, Nigeria - Aina, B A; Onajole, AT; Lawal, Babatunde Mo; Oyerinde, Omowunmi (Tobacco Induced Diseases, 2009)
Tobacco use is projected to cause nearly 450 million deaths worldwide during the next 50 years. Health professionals can have a critical role in reducing tobacco use. Therefore, one of the strategies to reduce the number of smoking-related deaths is to encourage the involvement of health professionals in tobacco-use prevention and cessation counseling. As future health care providers, pharmacy students should consider providing assistance to others to overcome tobacco use and be involved in promoting a tobacco free future as part of their professional responsibility. This research was to determine the knowledge of tobacco/smoking policy, willingness to be involved in tobacco cessation, attitude to keeping a tobacco free environment and the smoking habit among pharmacy students at the University of Lagos.Data was collected by the use of self administered questionnaire which was aimed at assessing their smoking habit, determining their knowledge and attitude to smoking policy and willingness to be involved in smoking cessation. The population sample was all the pharmacy students in their professional years (200 to 500 Levels) at Idi-Araba Campus of the University of Lagos.Out of 327 qualified participants, 297 responded to the questionnaire which was about 91% participation rate but out of these only 291 questionnaires were useful which came to 89%. There seemed to be no statistically significant difference between the smoking habits among the different levels (p > 0.05). Overall, the current smoking prevalence was 5.5% which is lower than the national prevalence rate of 8.9%. Awareness of WHO FCTC global tobacco treaty was low (9.3%) among pharmacy students but they agreed that pharmacists and pharmacy students should be involved in quit smoking program (93.1%) and they were willing to be involved in helping smokers to quit (85.9%). Majority agreed that smoking should not be permitted in pharmacies (87.9%) and at pharmacy students' events (86.9%).From this study it can be concluded that smoking prevalence is low among pharmacy students at the University of Lagos. Awareness of global policy is low but they are willing to be involved in smoking cessation and promoting a tobacco free future.
Keywords: openalex:import

Organic agriculture in higher education in West Africa. - Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O.; Harris, P.J.C.; Trenchard, Liz; Atungwu, J. J. (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Staff Training As Correlate Of Workers’ Productivity In Selected Service Industries In Osun State, Nigeria - Ajala, E. M. (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2009)
Training is a process of developing and improving skills that are related to performance. Many studies have been carried out on the relationship between training and productivity of workers but none has been carried out on the correlation of training on the individual indices of productivity and workers productivity. It is against this background that this paper investigate the correlation of training on indices of workers productivity. The expost facto research design was used for the study. The random sampling technique was used to select three hundred respondents from three service industries in Osun State. A structured questionnaire tagged “Staff Training and Workers Productivity Questionnaire – STWPQ” with reliability coefficient of r=.85 was used to collect data. The finding showed that staff training correlated positively and significantly with workers’ productivity (r=.99; P absenteeism (r = .969; P<0.05) were highly and positively correlated with training hence increase in workers’ productivity. The study recommended that a training department, that is autonomous of the personnel department, should be created in every organization so as to train and prepare workers for future position and promote productivity through reduction in the rate of accidents, absenteeism and improved service delivery.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effect Of School Feeding Programme On Primary School Attendance In Rural Areas Of Lagos State, Nigeria - Ajani, Oiy (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2009)
This study was carried out to determine the effect of School Feeding Programme (SFP) on primary school children attendance in Epe Local government Area (LGA) of Lagos.. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect information from 220 school pupils in the state. The result of the regression analysis showed that punctuality; absenteeism; child’s gender; child’s age; child’s birth order; household size; years of education of the household head and SFP were significant variables which affect attendance of children in school. The t-test revealed that the school-feeding programme [SFP] succeeded in increasing parent’s income. The result of the test of structural difference in the two samples taken using the chow test revealed that SFP improves attendance of children in school and that there was significant difference in attendance of children in class with and without SFP. It was recommended that government should extend the School Feeding Programme to all the states and all primary school classes in Nigeria so as to increase attendance of school age children and improve enrolment of children in schools. The economic implications of this are that it helps to increase parents’ income, thereby alleviating extreme poverty and hunger among pupils and parents.
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of the Teaching and the Effect of Library Use Course at the Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Nigeria - Ajegbomogun, Fredrick Olatunji (Library Herald, 2009)
This paper evaluates the teaching and effect of library use course at the Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Questionnaire method was used to obtain data in the five (5) schools in the college. Out of 550 copies of questionnaires sent out to students, 540 were returned giving a response rate of 98% and 100% for librarians. The result showed that professional librarian give adequate instructions to users despite limited facilities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Legume and cereal seed production for improved crop yields in Nigeria: proceedings of the training workshop on production of legume and cereal seeds held on 24 January10 February, 2008 at IITAKano Station, Kano, Nigeria - Ajeigbe, H A; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Chikoye, David (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Environmental Education in Botswana - Ajiboye, Josiah O. (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

An assessment of the role of school counsellors in preventing HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Osun State, Nigeria. - Ajila, M. A.; Ajila, Chris O.; Adeyemo, D. O.; Owojori, A. A. (2009)
The study investigated the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Osun State, It assessed the precautionary measures taken by secondary school students against the transmission of HIV/AIDS and appraised the activities of school counsellors in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The study was an ex-post facto. Data were collected through a survey that was conducted among secondary school students in ten Local Government Areas (LGA) of Osun State. The results showed that level of awareness of HIV/AIDS among the students was high. Majority of the respondents (99.0%) indicated that they had heard about AIDS. Also, 98.0% believed that there is AIDS. However, 67.9% indicated that they have never seen an AIDS patient. With regard to how AIDS can be contacted, majority of the respondents (85.7%) indicated through sharing of syringes, blade and shaving kits, sexual intercourse with an infected person (82.0%), transfusion of infected blood (81.3%) and homosexuality (63.8%). Awareness of HIV/AIDS had a positive relationship with the practice of precautionary measures against the transmission of the disease (r= 0.20, p 0.05). The study concluded that school counsellors are indispensable in the prevention of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students and that effective health education is the antidote for the prevention and spread of the pandemic. Introduction One of the leading causes of premature death in the last twenty years has been the scourge of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The disease, AIDS, was first heard of in 1981. Within twenty years, it spread to all continents of the world and remains a great killer to which no man has found a solution. In 1988 alone, about 5.8 million new cases occurred, bringing the total number of people living with Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/AIDS by December, 1998 to approximately 33.4 million. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, 2007) estimates that there are now 40 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide. Since the beginning of the epidemic, AIDS has killed more than 25 million people worldwide. It has replaced malaria and tuberculosis as the world’s deadliest infectious disease among adults and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Fifteen million children have been orphaned by the epidemic. Young people worldwide are the sub-group most affected while about * Department of Educational Foundations and Councelling, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ** Department of Psychology, Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, Nigeria *** Depratment of Local Government Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria **** Department of Accounting & Business Education,University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria half of new HIV cases are occurring in people aged 15-24. According to Okonofua (1999) it is no longer news that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is now well established in Nigeria. Although the virus was first identified in Nigeria in 1988, over 4 million Nigerians were estimated to have contacted the virus by the end of 1998. This makes Nigeria the second country in Africa with the heaviest burden of the disease, in terms of absolute number of those afflicted, second only to South Africa. The disease has now permeated the entire Nigeria society. It affected men and women in urban and rural areas, as well as adolescents, commercial sex workers, traders, high profile politicians and socialites, servicemen and women, truck drivers and students. Indeed, everyone must feel vulnerable to the disease, which is fast rampaging the most productive age groups in the Nigerian population. Several thousands have died from the disease, and this has brought untold hardship and disorganization to many Nigeria families. In Nigeria, the burden of HIV/AIDS on the citizenry is alarming. Statistics on the spread of the disease show that Nigeria records about 1,400 new infections every day. This figure represents one new infection per minute. By October 1998, it is believed that Nigeria records about 571,036 cases of HIV infection. In the hierarchy of the world’s most infected AIDS nations, Nigeria is said to occupy the 27 position, constituting 8.9 percent of global infection and 12.5 percent of the African HIV/AIDS burden. Professor Debo Adeyemi, one time health minister in Nigeria, describes the spread of HIV/AIDS as alarming. According to him, about 25 million adults in Nigeria are already infected with the disease. He reasons that with his figure, assuming that there are no new cases of infection, fatality from the disease will surpass the totality of deaths recorded from the Nigeria civil war by the year 2010. The disease up till now has got no cure despite many years of drug and vaccine research activities. Although few drugs are now available that could prolong the lives of infected persons through reduction of the load of the virus and improvement in the number of white blood cells. Such drugs are, however, very expensive, globally, and quite scarce in Nigeria. Good nutrition and prompt treatment of presenting diseases can also prolong the life of an infected person. Thus, the only effective way of controlling HIV/AIDS, presently, is by prevention, with education as the main thrust of this approach. How counsellors react to a counsellee and how they communicate these feelings are of critical importance in counselling. Adolescents come to the counsellor for help and understanding. They bring to the counsellor confused feeling, ideas, fears and hopes with which they are struggling. The counsellors attitudes toward them determine in large measure the extent to which they will attempt to cope constructively with their problems and undertake positive actions. If the counsellor demonstrates a genuine acceptance of these adolescents, they will feel that they are received. Inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents, particularly secondary school students calls for a study that will assess the role of school counselors in the prevention of the disease. This study specifically investigated the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Osun State and assessed the precautionary measures taken by secondary school students against the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This was with a view to assessing the role of school counselors in the prevention of the pandemic among secondary school students in Osun State. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are to (a) investigate the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Osun State; (b). assess the precautionary measures taken by secondary school students against the transmission of HIV/AIDS; (c). appraise the activities of school counsellors in the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of HCV among Yemeni patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at AI-Thawra teaching hospital. - Ak, Salem (PubMed, 2009)
Epidemiological studies in different parts of the world have revealed controversial results on the association between HCV infection and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This discrepancy suggests that HCV lymphotropism and its effect on host lymphocytes may be influenced by regional and racial factors as well as by viral genomic variations.To determine the prevalence of HCV infection in Yemeni patients with NHLs diagnosed and treated in our hospital and to evaluate the association between the two diseases.All consecutive patients with NHL treated in our Haematology/Oncology Unit between January 2005 and January 2007 were screened for anti- HCV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of HCV infection in patients with NHLs was compared to that in a non-lymphomatous control group consisted of all patients checked for HCV infection with several acute medical conditions in the same hospital who were coming from different parts of the country.A total of 192 patients with NHLs were tested for anti-HCV antibodies. One hundred seventeen patients (60.94%) were males and 75 patients (39.06%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 41.30+/-19.15 SD and range between 5-80 years. Twenty-nine (15.1%) of the 192 patients were found positive for HCV infection. Twenty-one (17.6%) of 29 positive patients were male and only 8 (10.7%) patients were female. The mostly involved age group was 41-60 representing 24.6%. A total of 20329 patients from different departments were investigated for anti-HCV antibodies and used as a control. Of the 12274 control (60.4%) were males and 8055 (39.6%) were females. A total of 814 (4%) controls were found positive for HCV antibodies. Of the positive controls, 529 (4.3%) were males and 285 (3.5%) were females. The association between HCV infection and NHLs was assessed using logistic regression models. There was a significant association of HCV with NHLs, the unadjusted OR [4.27, 95% CI 2.86-6.37] which differ slightly by gender in males the OR [4.86, 95% CI 3.01 - 7.85] and in female the OR [3.26, 95%CI 1.55- 6.84]. For separate NHL subtypes, the numbers of HCV infected cases were limited. Nonetheless, positive associations were noted for indolent type [OR=4.49, 95% CI 1.87-10.78] and for aggressive type as well [OR=4.2195% CI 2.69-6.59]. The prevalence of HCV antibodies in cases and controls was more frequent in males and in the age group above 40 years.In conclusion the results of the present study indicate a higher prevalence of HCV infection among Yemeni patients with NHL than among persons in the control group. Therefore our study demonstrates an association between HCV infection and NHLs. HCV infection may play a role in causing NHLs.
Keywords: openalex:import

The role of literature in teaching reading skills in secondary schools in Kenya: a study of Lugari District - Akala, Maurice L; Otunga, Ruth N. (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effect of Gender Division of Labour on the Education of Rural School Children The case of two primary schools in Medig,Cameroon - Akam, Priscilia Eni (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Community Education and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria - Akande, J.O. (The International journal of diversity in organisations, communities and nations (Online), 2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Antibiotic prescription pattern and cost at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. - Akande, Tunji; Ologe, MO; Medubi, G. F. (International Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2009)
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School-based Management Committees: The Nigerian Experience - Akinola, Oluwatoyin Bolanle (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender Differences in Adolescent on Problems of Adolescent Delinquency in Nigeria Universities: Implications on Management, Policy and Planning of School Based HIV/Aids Education. - Akinsolu, Abiodun Olatoun (2009)
This paper examines gender differences in adolescent on problems of adolescent delinquency in Nigeria Universities and its implication on qualitative management of school based HIV/Aids education. It was a descriptive survey study. 400 university students were purposively sampled for this study. A validated and tested reliable questionnaire was used to elicit response of these adolescents students on common forms of their anti- social behaviour .Data was analysed with the use of both descriptive (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferential statistic (X2) to ascertain whether these students response was related to gender. Findings revealed that from the fifteen items analysed, three of them were not gender related. It was further revealed that the most common form of administrative measures used in controlling this anti – social behaviour are suspension, expulsion ,panel setting and verbal rebuke. The implications of this study on qualitative management of school based HIV/Aids education were highlighted in this study.
Keywords: openalex:import

Nigeria : higher education and the challenge of access - Akinyoade, Akinyinka; Akpan, Wilson (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education as Freedom: African American Educational Thought and Activism - Akom, Antwi; Banks, Ojeya Cruz; Hurley, Eric A.; Johnson, Karen A.; King-Calnek, Judith; Perlstein, Daniel; Ross, Sabrina N. (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

ENTRPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION (EE) FOR ALL STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIs) IN NIGERIA: A MEANS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - Akpomi, Margaret E. (2009)
A sustainable work system can be described as a work system that consciously strives towards simultaneous development at different levels: individual, group/firm, and regional/society. Only a system that is in a continuous state of development can be called sustainable. The move towards self employment and sustainability is and will continue to become, an increasingly important element in economic growth and development. If the unemployment issue in Nigeria is to be tackled, it is critical that the correct infrastructure be put in place. One critical aspect of this infrastructure is the creation of an enterprise culture which will encourage graduates to take the risk of starting a business. This paper examines entrepreneurship education and training and how various disciplines can be taught entrepreneurship to foster the interest in enterprise as a way of sustaining development. It emphasizes the need to teach entrepreneurship to non-business students in HEIs and suggests a module, tripartite, and practical means (involving students, entrepreneurs, and academics) of delivery, as well as assessment procedures. This, the author believes, will eventually lead to sustainability of development.
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ACADEMIC FREEDOM (AF) AND TEACHING AND LEARNING (TL) IN UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA - Akpomi, Margaret E.; Amesi, Joy; Adolphus, Telima (Interscience management review, 2009)
The research was conducted to determine the impact of the exercise of academic freedom of lecturers on teaching and learning in tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria. 110 lecturers from eleven universities selected from the northern, eastern, southern and western parts of Nigeria as well as federal, state and private made up the sample for study. The Two research questions posed and two hypotheses formulated were answered and tested respectively. A questionnaire titled "AFTeL " was used to collect data. Analysis of data revealed that lecturers exercised academic freedom to a large extent but ii has some negative impact on teaching and learning. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that Academic Freedom should continue to be encouraged but that there should be strict enforcement of professional ethics and lecturers checked to remove the negative impact.
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Las tecnologías multimedia y reforma educativa en África: el caso de Ghana Making the Introduction of Multi-media Technologies Count in Education Reform in Africa: the Case of Ghana - Akyeampong, Kwame (2009)
RESUMEN La presente contribucion da un repaso a la introduccion de las tecnologias antiguas y nuevas de la informacion en el sector educativo de Ghana. Senala como la reciente proliferacion de las tecnologias mul timedia en el pais ha alentado finalmente la introduccion de las TIC en la educacion. Sin embargo, el autor sostiene que buena parte de la motivacion para introducir estas nuevas tecnologias en los centros educativos e institutos superiores no ha reflejado la necesidad de reconceptualizar las practicas curriculares en la formacion docente, con el fin de fundamentarlas en ideas constructivistas sobre los conocimientos y su produccion. Sin esto, las reformas para introducir las nuevas tecnologias de in formacion y comunicacion en las aulas corren el riesgo de ser meramente herramientas que nuevamente se utilizan para reforzar las viejas tradiciones de ensenanza y aprendizaje en base a la trasmision de los conocimientos sin ningun pensamiento critico. Finalmente, el autor insiste en que los cambios curriculares en la formacion docente en Ghana, y en otras partes de Africa, tambien deben reflejar las nuevas identidades de aprendizaje profesional y experiencias de aprendizaje que deben fomentar las TIC y otras herramientas mediaticas en el aula.
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Community participation in education in Ghana: politics, power and gender - Akyeampong, Kwame; Dunne, Michael (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

Review of Research on Basic Education Provision in Nigeria (Draft) - Akyeampong, Kwame; Sabatés, Ricardo; Hunt, Fran; Anthony, Jane (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

E-Learning Designing and the Implementation in the Light of the Australian Flexible Learning Framework: The Syrian Virtual University Roadmap to Success - Al-Badowi, Ayub; Çelebi, Erbuğ (2009)
This paper reviews the feedback and expected outcomes for the surveyed students of the Syrian virtual university (SVU) in designing and implementation of e-learning based on Australian flexible learning framework (AFLF). This research used soft systems methodology (SSM) to analyze and understand the complex and 'messy' situation of the current case study. The study emphasizes the effective use of e-business services available in the e-learning. An outline for the steps for designing and implementation of e-learning is included. Goals are defined as broad objectives of a survey that are measured after students responded, whereas outcomes are defined as recommendations. How far is the Syrian virtual university from Australian flexible learning framework? How can the Syrian virtual university design e-learning contents based on Australian flexible learning framework? How can the Syrian virtual university assess its performance based on Australian flexible learning framework? These important questions and some others will be the main titles for this research as an attempt to formulate the e-learning concept and e-learning Web services context. The study finished that e-learning constantly creates new market needs to be resolved by qualified the e-business services to progress towards a new concept of knowledge helps both students and SVU to achieve their goals. The application of SSM allowed more introspection than was expected. The basic approach was not ldquoproblem solvingrdquo but finding a way to improve the situation.
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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON WATER RESOURCES IN AFRICA WITH EMPHASIS ON GROUNDWATER - Al-Gamal, Samir; Dodo, A.; Observatory, Sahel (2009)
Journal of Environmental Hydrology Volume 17 Paper 2 January 2009 1 Climate change is likely to impact groundwater resources, either directly, e.g. via changing precipitation patterns, or indirectly, e.g. through the interaction of changing precipitation patterns with changing land-use practices and water demand. These changes may affect both groundwater quantity and quality. Climate change will affect groundwater recharge rates and groundwater levels. Any decrease in groundwater recharge will exacerbate the effect of sealevel rise in coastal areas. In inland aquifers, a decrease in groundwater recharge can lead to saltwater intrusion from underlying saline aquifers, and increased evapotranspiration in semiarid and arid regions may lead to the salinization of shallow aquifers. In Africa, climate change and variability have the potential to impose additional pressures on water availability, water accessibility and water demand. A 1°C increase in temperature could change runoff by 10%, assuming that precipitation levels remain constant. If such an annual decrease in runoff were to occur, the impacts could be equivalent to the loss of one large dam per year in a given watershed. Temperature and precipitation in the African Sahel are negatively correlated seasonal warming was accompanied by late 20th century drying. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON WATER RESOURCES IN AFRICA WITH EMPHASIS ON GROUNDWATER
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Water Management with Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Desalination, and Conveyance to Counteract Climate Change in the Gaza Strip - Al-Juaidi, Ahmed E. M.; Rosenberg, David E.; Kaluarachchi, Jagath J. (2009)
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THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGES LEARNING IN A GLOBALISED AND A DIVERSE WORLD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELECTED LEARNING GROUPS IN SYRIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM - Al-Kurdi, R. Ayassou (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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Advancing Environmental Education and Training for Sustainable Management of Environmental Resources in Palestine - Al‐Sa'ed, Rashed; Abu-Madi, Maher; Heun, J.C. (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
This article describes the various capacity-building activities at the Institute of Environmental and Water Studies of Birzeit University during the past 10 years. It highlights the gained experience in advancing environmental science and engineering education and training programs as components of sustainable water and environmental management schemes. Furthermore, the major constraints faced, and future plans to sustain and enhance the capacity-building activities, are also introduced and discussed. Critical analysis of the past and ongoing educational and training programs provided clear evidence that environmental education and research capacity building in Palestine is still underutilized and threatened by a persistent lack of financial resources. The data presented should also be of interest to international agencies engaged in strengthening higher education.
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A Roadmap For Integrating Web 2.0 Tools Into Is Teaching & Rerearch In A Developing Country Context: The Egyptian Perspective - Alaa, Ghada; Hussein, Dina (MCIS, 2009)
Web 2.0 covers technological advancements in peer-peer networks and Internet open architecture that facilitate better user interaction, participation and multimedia file sharing. This marks a new Web paradigm where the Internet becomes a huge social networking, collaborative forum. In this paper innovative Web 2.0 examples and enabling technologies are gathered to elaborate the significance of the new paradigm. Based on this analysis characteristics of Web 2.0 applications will be derived showing potential usage and benefits in teaching, learning and research. A case study, Faculty of Computers & Information, Cairo University, Egypt will be investigated in order to highlight limitations and/or prosperities of current IS education and research in a developing country context. It is argued that the digital divide gap represented in scarce technical infrastructure, skill shortage in specific areas like communication skills, business and management knowledge, as well as a bias towards heavy weight computer science areas, such as image processing and intelligent agents are hindering IS advancements in Egypt. Based on these findings the paper suggests how Web 2.0 tools can be integrated within current shortcomings and barriers showing a roadmap for Web 2.0 adoption in learning, teaching and research in a developing country context.
Keywords: openalex:import

Blended Learning and Technology-assisted Teaching of Biology in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Aladejana, Francisca; Ao, Sio-Iong (AIP Conference Proceedings, 2009)
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Francisca Aladejana; Blended Learning and Technology‐assisted Teaching of Biology in Nigerian Secondary Schools. AIP Conf. Proc. 8 May 2009; 1127 (1): 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3146184 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
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Youth Organisation Activities in Complementing the Improvement and Effective Use of Classroom Instruction in Agriculture in Nigerian Schools - Alademerin, Edwards A. (International journal of technology, knowledge and society, 2009)
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Climate Change and Conflict over Natural Resources in Africa - Alao, Charles Abiodun (2009)
Keywords: openalex:import

On the road to institutionalising entrepreneurship education in Nigerian universities - Alarape, Aderemi. I. (The International Journal of Management Education, 2009)
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A novel missense mutation in the Connexin 26 gene associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in a consanguineous Tunisian family - Alemanno, Maria Stella; Cama, Elona; Santarelli, Rosamaria; Carella, Massimo; Zelante, Leopoldo; Toffolatti, Luisa; Palladino, Teresa; Melchionda, Salvatore; Arslan, Edoardo (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2009)
Nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment is inherited in a predominantly autosomal recessive manner in up to 70% of cases. The gene more often involved is GJB2, encoding the gap junction protein Connexin 26. We report here a novel missense mutation in the GJB2 gene found in a Tunisian family. A homozygous change C/G at nucleotide 263 was detected in the 4-year-old girl of this family, affected by congenital moderate hearing loss. This transversion leads to the replacement of a highly conserved alanine with glycine at codon 88 (A88G). The consanguineous parents of the child are healthy carriers of the mutation.
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Hydrological modelling and possible climate change impacts in a wetland system: the case of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. - Alemaw, Berhanu F. (IAHS-AISH publication, 2009)
An attempt has been made to model the flooding patterns of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, with the objective of reproducing the historical flooding patterns as well as water resources situation, and then to study the impact of possible regional climate change on the flooding patterns and/or size of the delta. The study employed a spatially-distributed surface water―groundwater interaction model which was calibrated for the current climate and then coupled with global climate model (GCM)-based climate change scenarios. The HadCM2 and UKTR simulated changes in the 2050s in relation to the baseline climate, and resulted in reductions in precipitation of 5.6 and 2%, and increases in temperature of 2.5 and 1.7°C, respectively. The simulated average annual recharge of the delta for the baseline period (1961―1990) was found to be 6.3 mm/year, which is 12% of the mean annual rainfall of 485 mm, and also comparable with regional recharge values. The 2050s GCM simulations with HadCM2 and UKTR scenarios were found to result in recharge values of 6.2 and 5.8 mm/year, respectively.
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Knowledge and Practice on Emergency Contraception among High School Students of Jimma University Community High School, Jimma, South West Ethiopia - Alemu, Tekie; Tema, Tekleberhan (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health, 2009)
AbstractBackground: Emergency contraceptive (EC) reduces the risk of occurrence of unwanted pregnancy in situations of unprotected sexual intercourse.Objective: To measure and analyze the knowledge and practices of EC among female students of Jimma University Community High School.Method: A cross sectional descriptive study involving all grade 9-12 female students enrolled at Jimma University Community High School in Jimma town, South West Ethiopia was undertaken from February 26- 29, 2006.Results: There were a t5otal of 106 respondents, the majority 95(89.6%) being in the group 14-17 and few were between the age of 18-21(10.3%). Most of them were single 94(88.7%). Seventeen (16%) were sexually active, five (4.7%) have given a history of previous pregnancy and two had a history of induced abortion. Sixty eight (64.1%) had heard about EC and the most cited sources of information were school teachers and health professionals. Out of those who have heard about EC, only 13(19%) of the respondents were able to tell correctly the recommended time for EC use (i.e. within 72 hours of unprotected sex). Awareness about EC was not found to be associated with either age or education level (p>0>1). EC use among those with prior knowledge was found to be very low 3(4.4%).Conclusion: This study has shown that though a significant number were practicing sex where as the general awareness, detailed knowledge and practice of EC among adolescent high school student very low. It is recommended that adolescent reproductive health/family planning programs be initiated/expanded in school. Furthermore ensuring on sex practices and access to adolescent friendly EC information and services should be promoted.Keywords: Emergency contraception, knowledge, practice, family planning
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What's so special about special education? A critical study of white general education teachers' perceptions regarding the referrals of African American students for special education services - Alexander, Dustyn Rae (2009)
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Mother Tongue Based Bilingual Education in Africa: A Cultural and Intellectual Imperative - Alexander, Neville (2009)
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INNOVATION AND CHANGE IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION: A CRITICAL REFLECTION ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF EFL IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN ALGERIA - Ali, Baiche (2009)
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Insecticide-treated nets usage and malaria episodes among boarding students in Zaria, Northern Nigeria - Aliyu, AA; Alti-Mu'azu, M (Annals of African Medicine, 2009)
Despite malaria being the largest public health problem in Africa South of Sahara with over one million associated deaths each year, there has been little progress in its prevention/control during the past decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and the prevalence of malaria episodes among boarding secondary school pupils in Zaria, Nigeria.A multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample five (5) secondary schools within Zaria, from which six classes (JSS 1 - 3 and SS 1- 3) of respondents were then randomly selected. Structured, closed-ended self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and use of ITNs, reasons for non-use and malaria episodes in last 12 months.A total of 150 students from the five (5) boarding secondary schools were interviewed, majority were in the age group 15-17 (53.3%) with a mean (x) SD of 16.8 0.8 years. Males were 60% and females 40% of respondents. Majority of the respondents (87.3%) knew about and had actually seen an ITN; only 43.3% were current users. Most of the current users of ITN noticed a significant reduction in malaria episodes in the last 12 months. This was statistically significant (P=0.004). Cost and availability were reasons sited by non-ITN users.There is urgent need on the part of all the three tiers of Government for public health awareness campaigns through information, education and communication (IEC) to create positive ITN culture and usage. It is also suggested that ITN usage among boarding school pupils should be incorporated into school health service.
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Air pollution in Bejaia City (Algeria): measurements and forecasts - Alkama, Rezak; Adjabi, S; Idir, F Ait; Slimani, Zakaria (Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2009)
Out study was designed to investigate the levels of air pollutants in the environment of Bejaia (Algeria) and the effects of meteorological factors. The present investigation includes measurements of carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and sulphur dioxide during the period of March 2005 to December 2006. The measurements were realized near six polluting areas: a heavy traffic area, a public discharge and 4 factories (wood, tar, cork, ceramic). We measured simultaneously the emissions of the three pollutants at chimney exits and at different distances from the sources. The regression between concentration and distance is an exponential decrease. The amount of pollution in the chimney and in the immediate environment sometimes exceeds the thresholds dictated by regulations. Meteorological effects are also studied. Pollutant levels have an inverse relationship to wind speed. Also, the relationship of humidity with SO2 and NO indicate the ability of the acid gases to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid in the atmosphere of Bejaia. The increase in ambient temperature causes a decrease of CO level and an increase of NO and SO2 levels. The diurnal and seasonal variations of air pollution showed that measured concentrations are strongly correlated with industrial activity and heavy traffic in the centre of Bejaia city. Applying the Box-Jenking method to the measured pollutant concentrations during 2006, we established a forecasting model for the following year.
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Air pollution in Bejaia City (Algeria): measurements and forecasts - Alkama, Rezak; Adjabi, S; Idir, F Ait; Slimani, Zakaria (Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2009)
Out study was designed to investigate the levels of air pollutants in the environment of Bejaia (Algeria) and the effects of meteorological factors. The present investigation includes measurements of carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and sulphur dioxide during the period of March 2005 to December 2006. The measurements were realized near six polluting areas: a heavy traffic area, a public discharge and 4 factories (wood, tar, cork, ceramic). We measured simultaneously the emissions of the three pollutants at chimney exits and at different distances from the sources. The regression between concentration and distance is an exponential decrease. The amount of pollution in the chimney and in the immediate environment sometimes exceeds the thresholds dictated by regulations. Meteorological effects are also studied. Pollutant levels have an inverse relationship to wind speed. Also, the relationship of humidity with SO2 and NO indicate the ability of the acid gases to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid in the atmosphere of Bejaia. The increase in ambient temperature causes a decrease of CO level and an increase of NO and SO2 levels. The diurnal and seasonal variations of air pollution showed that measured concentrations are strongly correlated with industrial activity and heavy traffic in the centre of Bejaia city. Applying the Box-Jenking method to the measured pollutant concentrations during 2006, we established a forecasting model for the following year.
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Climate Change Impact on Livelihood, Vulnerability and Coping Mechanisms: A Case Study of West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia - Alkan, Johanna (2009)
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Analysis of the Impacts of Climate Change on the Herpetofauna of the Papuan Region (New Guinea to the Solomon Islands) - Allison, Allen; Leisz, Stephen J. (2009)
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Potential biosphere response to climate change and its impact on hydrology and regional climate prediction over western Africa - Alo, C. A. (2009)
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The Reality of Media Education in The Palestinian Universities in light of the Implementation of the Comprehensive Assessment. applied on the media departments in the Palestinian universities in Gaza. - alsaid, Ahmed abo (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
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A critical race ecocultural agency theory of education framework: (Re)conceptualizing African American students' transitions from high school to college - Amah, Ifeoma A. (2009)
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GUIDANCE NEEDS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WASSA AMENFI WEST AND EAST DISTRICTS OF THE WESTERN REGION OF GHANA - Amaning, Daniel Yaw (2009)
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Gendering the Ethiopian Knowledge Diasporas: Addressing Gender Inequality and Inequity in Public Higher Education - Amazan, Rose (2009)
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Innovative Aspects in the Teaching of Italian at the Somali National University - Ambroso, Serena (2009)
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Ghana – Towards FCUBE (Free and Compulsory Universal Basic Education) - Amedahe, Francis K.; Chandramohan, Balasubramanyam (2009)
This first case-study takes the recent educational history of Ghana, the earliest African country to regain independence from British rule and the one with, at the time, the strongest economy. It focuses on the experience of Ghana in developing and implementing strategies to achieve Universal Primary Education – UP(B)E. It maps the period from the 1950s to the present in terms of progress, achievements, external and internal drivers and factors that contributed to success and later regression in different aspects of UP(B)E. Based on this discussion, the study identifies particular areas, old and new, where ongoing efforts need to be made to achieve UPE goals, in terms of both enrolment and progression and with increased emphasis on quality.
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English Language Teaching in Algeria: An Analysis of the Contents and Implementation of the New Syllabi in the Middle and Secondary Education - Ameziane, Hamid (2009)
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Access to Education in Ghana: Growth, Missed Opportunities and Promising Pathways - Ampiah-Ghartey, J.; Sabatés, Ricardo; Akyeampong, Kwame (2009)
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Assessment of climate change-induced hazards, impacts and responses in the southern lowlands of Ethiopia - Amsalu, Aklilu; Adem, Alebachew (2009)
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Cultural diversity in music education: indigenous Ghanaian music in the curriculum of a higher institution in Ghana - Amuah, Isaac R. (International Journal of Research, 2009)
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An investigation of the causes of indiscipline in Secondary Schools in Tongaren division of Bungoma North District - Kenya. - Amukowa, Danson (2009)
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Studies in the economic history of Kenya : land, water, railways, education, and entrepreneurship - Amutabi, Maurice N.; Maxon, Robert M. (2009)
The Political Economy of Railway Development in Kenya - John M Mwaruvie Land Problems in Kenya: Population Explosion and Limits of Agrarian Transformation in Western Kenya, 1920-1950 - Martin Shanguhyia Micro-economic Development in Rural Kenya: The Case of South Nyanza, 1870-1920 - Timothy Onduru Colonial Legacy and Underdevelopment in Northern Kenya- Maurice Amutabi Religion, Women and Economic Growth in Kenya - Mary Nyangweso Wangila The Role of Women Groups in Development in Kenya: The Case of Makueni District - Jacinta Mueni Ndambuki Feeding the Cities: Gambogi Women Traders and Horticultural Crops in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya - Fibian Lukalo Munoko Market Women and International Trade in Kenya - Maurice Nyamanga Amutabi From an Extractive State to a Rentier Economy: Roots of Kenya's Development Impasse - Shadrack Wanjala Nasong'o Water and Development in Kenya: Problems and Potential- Maurice Nyamanga Amutabi The Fishing Industry in Kenya: A Window of Opportunity for Development - Peninah Aloo Irrigation and Agriculture in Kenya: The Case of Narok District - Bramwel Matui and Joshua Kwonyike The Political Economy of Land Clashes in Post Independent Kenya: The case of the Ogieks of the Rift Valley Province of Kenya - Philip B. Buchere and Fred Jonyo The Livestock Sector in Kenya - Maurice Nyamanga Amutabi The Post Colonial Government and the Political Framing of Drought and Hunger in Kenya - Eric E. Otenyo and Esther N. Mwangi The Miganda Economy and Men's Self-Help Groups in Bungoma Districts, Kenya - Godwin Siundu Entrepreneurship in Kenya: From Jua Kali to 'Silicon Valley' - X. N Iraki The Role of Formal Education in Economic Development in Kenya - Jonah Nyaga Kindiki and Ruth Otunga.
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Reflections on the role of lifelong learning in Africa - Amutabi, Maurice N.; Oketch, Moses (2009)
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Assessment of Noise and Associated Health Impacts at Selected Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria - Ana, Godson; Shendell, Derek G.; Brown, G. E.; Sridhar, M. K. C. (Journal of environmental and public health (Print), 2009)
Most schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, are located near major roads (mobile line sources). We conducted an initial assessment of noise levels and adverse noise-related health and learning effects.For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, four schools were selected randomly from eight participating in overall project. We administered 200 questionnaires, 50 per school, assessing health and learning-related outcomes. Noise levels (A-weighted decibels, dBA) were measured with calibrated sound level meters. Traffic density was assessed for school with the highest measured dBA. Observational checklists assessed noise control parameters and building physical attributes.Short-term, cross-sectional school-day noise levels ranged 68.3-84.7 dBA. Over 60% of respondents reported that vehicular traffic was major source of noise, and over 70% complained being disturbed by noise. Three schools reported tiredness, and one school lack of concentration, as the most prevalent noise-related health problems.Secondary school occupants in Ibadan, Nigeria were potentially affected by exposure to noise from mobile line sources.
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Identification and Initial Characterization of Prominent Air Pollution Sources and Respiratory Health at Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria - Ana, Godson; Shendell, Derek G.; Odeshi, T. A.; Sridhar, M. K. C. (Journal of Asthma, 2009)
Objective. Research on air quality in and around schools, and the associated vulnerability of school-age children, is limited in less developed countries (LDCs), particularly Africa. The main objective of this study was to conduct an initial assessment of sources of air pollution in and around schools as a surrogate for air quality and report adverse health effects among students at selected secondary schools in urban Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving eight secondary schools selected purposively, defined with eight acronyms (listed alphabetically): ABHS, AGS, BOHS, CDSS, IGS, LC, MGS, and OAHS. We used pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires, observational checklists to assess certain environmental health indicators, and interviews. The questionnaire was divided into five sections including environmental and health conditions. A total of 400 students from senior secondary classes, 50 from each school, were selected through stratified random sampling. Results. The school's location, especially if close to high traffic roadways, contributed to reported perceived poor air quality of school environments. The majority of students believed air pollution sources in the school environment were mainly refuse burning and car emissions from nearby roadways. Cough and asthma were the most frequently reported adverse health outcomes. The highest prevalence of reported recent asthma episodes (symptoms) were recorded at BOHS (84%) and at CDSS (62%); furthermore, at ABHS it was nearly 1-in-2 students and at OAHS about 1-in-5 students. BOHS and OAHS each reported over 10% for prevalence of bronchitis. Conclusions. Proximity of study schools to certain sources and activities such as refuse burning and major roadways seemed to present substantial risk factors for reported respiratory morbidity among secondary students in urban Ibadan, Nigeria. Future research should quantify source emissions and exposure and further characterize frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms, among other parameters, at schools in Nigeria and other sprawling urban areas of Africa.
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Comparative Education at universities in Tanzania and in South Africa and the expectations and motivations of students - Anangisye, Wal; Russel, James E.; Kandel, I. L. (2009)
In view of the northern hemispheric hegemony in education and in view of contemporary curriculum theory which prescribes an input by students as clients, the authors of two Southern countries, Tanzania and South Africa, surveyed their students’ expectations of a comparative education course, in an attempt to contribute to the establishment of a more meaningful comparative education for the South. The survey revealed startling divergences regarding South African and Tanzanian students’ expectations of comparative education. South African students looked onto comparative education to enlighten the domestic education reform project, and to improve their (students’) teaching strategies. In contrast, the Tanzanian students had a more detached (from their day-today education needs) and purely intellectual view of comparative education, expecting the subjects to contribute to their intellectual moulding and development. The authors relate these differences to contextual differences between South Africa and Tanzania, and conclude that contextual factors should be taken into account when designing comparative education courses. Introduction Globally, scholars appear to share the view that comparative education has a long history (Makatiani, 2006; Pampanini, 2004). It was institutionalised as a university academic discipline in the beginning of the twentieth century in the United States of America (USA). Steiner-Khamsi (2000) reports that James E. Russel taught the first cooperative education course in the world, at Columbia University in the spring of 1900. Following the pace setting course of Isaac L. Kandel at Teachers College, Columbia University, courses in Comparative Education proliferated in the USA after 1920 (Wolhuter, 2008). By the mid-twentieth century, comparative education had a visible presence at universities of the North. In the countries of the South, comparative education at universities is a fairly recent development, dating back to the 1960s (cf. Anangisye, 2008; Muganda & Alphonce, 2006; Wolhuter et al., 2007). The authors judged the survey of students of two southern countries, South Africa and Tanzania, about their expectations of a comparative education course, as a worthwhile
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Digital literacy and teacher education in Uganda : the case of Bondo Primary Teachers' College (PTC) - Andema, Samuel (2009)
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Education as Freedom: African American Educational Thought and Activism - Anderson, Noel S.; Kharem, Haroon (2009)
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Local assessment of vulnerability to climate change impacts on water resources in the Upper Thukela River Basin, South Africa Recommendations for Adaptation - Andersson, Lotta; Wilk, Julie; Graham, Phil; Warburton, Michele (2009)
This report originates from a project entitled Participatory Modelling for Assessment of Local Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Water Resources (PAMO), financed by the Swedish Development Agency and Research Links cooperation (NRF and the Swedish Research Council). The project is based on interactions between stakeholders in the Mhlwazini/Bergville area of the Thukela River basin, climate and water researchers from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus) and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) during a series of workshops held in 2007-2009. Between the workshops, the researcher’s compiled locally relevant climate change related information, based on requests from the workshop participants, as a basis for this adaptation plan. The aim is to provide a local assessment of vulnerability to climate change impacts on water resources and adaptation strategies. The assessment identifies existing climate-water related problems, current adaptation strategies and recommendations for future action based on likelihoods for change and the severity if such changes will occur.
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Intention Toward Entrepreneurship : The Case of Libyan Master's Students in Universiti Utara Malaysia and Garyounis University - Aneizi, Ibrahim Othman (2009)
The main objective of this study is to determine whether there is difference in the intention toward entrepreneurship between Libyan male students studying in University Utara Malaysia (UUM) and Garyounis University (GU). In order to measure that, three dimensions of entrepreneurship which are attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control were used. Data were gathered through questionnaire survey of 120 Libyan male masters student studying under College of Business in UUM (n=28) and GU (n=92). Correlation, independent group t-test, and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship, the differences between the variables and the extent of contribution of the variables to entrepreneurship intention. The result indicated that the level attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control and intention toward entrepreneurship for UUM’s students is higher than GU's students.UUM being the university that stress an exposure to entrepreneurship environment (formal and informal education) shows higher intention toward entrepreneurship compared to those in GU who are not exposed to entrepreneurship environment.
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INTENTION TOWARD ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE CASE OF LIBYAN MASTER'S STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA AND GARYOUNIS UNIVERSITY A thesis submitted to COLLEGE of BUSINESS in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science Management UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA - Aneizi, Ibrahim Otman (2009)
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Education and poverty impact on health: evidence from Morocco in recent years. - Angeli, Aurora; Abdelkhalek, Touhami; Cherkaoui, Mouna (2009)
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Determinants of perinatal outcome in preterm caesarean section in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital - Aniebue, UU (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Background: Preterm Caesarean section may most probably, add further pressure to the already existing poorly developed facilities for intensive perinatal care in low resource countries. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the perinatal outcome following preterm Caesarean section in a low resource centre, to comparing the perinatal outcome of term and preterm Caesarean sections and identify predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in preterm Caesarean section.Method: A retrospective case controlled study to examine the pattern, outcome and predictors of adverse perinatal outcome in preterm caesarean section. A control of two term to one preterm Caesarean section was selected and their outcome compared. Chisquare test and Odds ratio were used for statistical analysis. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered significant.Result: Of the 3037 deliveries 733 (24.1%) were caesarean sections and 109 (14.9%) of these were preterm Caesarean sections. Maternal medical diseases (28.4%) and poor progress of labor (19.0%) were the commonest indication for preterm caesarean sections. Perinatalmortality was 178/1000 births in preterm Caesarean sections compared to 74/1000 births in the control (p = 0.004; odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-5.8). Birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of perinatal mortality in both groups. Low Apgar score (< 7) wascommoner in the preterm group than control (P < 0.001; odds ratio 2.8, CI 1.6-4.8).Conclusion: Preterm Cesarean section constitutes a significant burden in perinatal care. The most important predictor for poor perinatal outcome on multivariate analysis was gestational age. In most indications of preterm Caesarean sections in this study operative deliveries could not be averted easily however planned surgery significantly improvedperinatal outcome.
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The Context of Sexual Risk among African-American Female College Students - Annang, Lucy; Johnson, Steven; Pepper-Washington, Malaika A. (Journal of health disparities research and practice, 2009)
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Earthquake hazard of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: An intra-plate setting - Anton, Lawrence; McCue, Kevein; Gibson, Gary (2009)
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Original Article Post-traumatic stress disorder in a school in Darfur, Western Sudan - Anwar, Mohammed Moustapha (2009)
Objective To determine the prevalence and predictors of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescents in a war zone. Methods Two hundred displaced 10-18 years old school children and adolescents randomly selected from a resettlement camp in Al Geneina City, Western Sudan, were interviewed using a war-related trauma checklist, the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic scale (PDS) and the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Results The 200 students reported 255 and 586 warrelated personally experienced and witnessed events respectively. The prevalence of PTSD was 55% with no significant gender difference. Multiple traumatic events were the rule. The strongest predictor of PTSD was exposure to gunfire followed by hearing about sexual assaults. PTSD followed a chronic course in all victims, the onset being within six months after the disaster. The most common PTSD symptom cluster was increased arousal followed by reexperiencing the traumatic events; the least
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The Impacts of Tuition Fees on Higher Education Accessibility and Equity: The Case of the University of Ghana - Anyan, James (2009)
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Analysis of Climate Change Perception and Adaptation among Arable Food Crop Farmers in South Western Nigeria. - Apata, Temidayo Gabriel; Samuel, Kim; Adeola, Ajayi (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
This study acknowledges the comments of Dr(Mrs) Olasimbo Apata and Dr. M.A.Y. Rahji. financial assistance of JABU Management is also acknowledge.
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Analysis of Climate Change Perception and Adaptation among Arable Food Crop Farmers in South Western Nigeria - Apata, Temidayo Gabriel; Samuel, Kim; Adeola, Ajayi (2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China, 2009)
Agriculture places a heavy burden on the environment in the process of providing humanity with food and fibres. It is recognized that agriculture has positive externalities such as the environmental services and amenities that it provides, for example through the creation or maintenance of rural landscapes which is given high priority by some developed countries. Trade-offs between food security and the environment is what is being practiced in most developing countries. There are strong indications and already evidence that the agricultural and food system as well as the rural areas across the world are experiencing major change. This change has drastically reduced soil fertility and poor agricultural outputs particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is evidenced in some notable towns and communities in South Western Nigeria that are noted for the production of a peculiar agricultural commodity. Recently, these commodities are gradually going into extinction and the community involved cannot explain why this is so, majority of the respondents attached this incidence to spiritual dimension and not changes in climate. This study therefore examined the people’s perception about climate change and strategies employed to adapt. This study conclude that there is a need for agricultural economists and other stakeholders in environmental management and agricultural sustainability in developing countries to come to terms with negative impacts of climate change and likely positive and beneficial response strategies to global warming.
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Post-war Politics and Higher Education Students in Eritrea - Araia, Berhane Berhe (2009)
Recent research projects have focused on students and youth in Africa. The situation of youth and students is the best barometer of a society’s political and economic well being. The collapsing economies of African countries, neo-liberal and global ideologies, information technology and the image of the West are at the centre of discussions of structural constraints on youth and the agentic decisions young people make amid all the social problems. Africa, as a continent, has had diverse politico-economic experiences resulting in different challenges for young people. Several African countries have plied a course of political developments from communal economy, autocratic governments to liberalized economy and electoral governance. In the 1980s and early 1990s, regime change occurred in several countries mainly as a result of pressure from civil society.1 The pressures came not significantly in the form of deliberative and rational discussion that many theories advocate, but as a result of protests and demonstrations in major urban centers. Youth and students, in particular, figured prominently (as they have always been) in the history of post-colonial Africa. As Mahmood Mamdani put it,2 the urban population rediscovered the discourse of ‘rights’ again for the second time since opposition to colonial governments. Since then, however, the situation of youth has not improved. It seems as if globalization is presenting youth and students with tastes that they cannot satisfy in their countries. Such a persistent problem has led some scholars to use the label ‘lost generation’.3 The marginalization of young people, at least in its present-day form, may be the overall structural consequence of the rise of neo-liberal capitalism.4
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Adolescents with Disability and Reproductive Health in Kenya: A review of Policy - Arasa, Josephine; Wawire; Mugo (2009)
A book chapter by Dr. Josephine Arasa, a Faculty member in the Humanities and Social Sciences at USIU Africa
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'The school funding system in post-apartheid South Africa: Is the right to adequate basic education accessible to the rich only?' - Arendse, Lorette (2009)
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The Effect of e-learning Approach on Students' Achievement in Biomedical Instrumentation Course at Palestine Polytechnic University - Arman, Abdallah Moh’d; Shams, Ain; Elarif, Taha (2009)
E-learning is widely used in universities and other organizations all over the world, either to support classroom learning or on its own. The Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) is no exception. Usually, a special kind of web-based content management system is used for running elearning courses. These systems hold all the course content and information of the students and also provide the interactive tools to support learning process. While using such systems makes the e- learning experience much easier, it also induces some problems like the heterogeneous previous knowledge of the students. The attitude of students towards e-learning or learning content management systems is also an important factor in e-learning. There have not been any major surveys in the PPU in that regard. With newly developing multimedia technologies, incorporating simultaneous presentations of narration, images, and text, the possibilities for instruction are vast. Yet, how and when should educators use these technologies in the most effective ways to enhance learning? This is the driving question behind this research: What is the effectiveness and usefulness of using multimedia in e-learning approach in teaching the Biomedical Instrumentation course for students of Biomedical Engineering Program in the Palestine Polytechnic University? In this study, an experimental group of (14) students was examined after studying a course using e-learning approach. The instructional design approach was used. I have used the ElGazzar Instructional Design Model (2002) since it was proved to be simple and efficient. The course was implemented using MOODLE-LMS. The students’ achievement was examined before and after the experiment. The research results proved that there is a significant increase in gain in achievement. The e-learning has achieved efficiency greater than (80%) in achievement. Also, the e-learning has achieved efficiency greater than (1.2) measured with respect to Black’s Gain Ratio in achievement. Also, the e-learning has achieved efficiency greater than (0.6) measured with respect to McGugian’s Gain Ratio in achievement. The elearning has achieved larger effect size (more than 0.14) on achievement.
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Youth fitness testing in South African primary school children : national normative data, fitness and fatness, and effects of socioeconomic status - Armstrong, Miranda (2009)
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Teacher Wages in South Africa: How Attractive is the Teaching Profession? - Armstrong, Paula (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
This paper investigates the state of teacher pay in the South African labour market by comparing the remuneration received by teachers with that received by their non-teaching counterparts. It makes use of wage data from the Labour Force Surveys spanning 2000 to 2007, and 2010. This enables us to investigate the impact of the Occupation Specific Dispensation introduced in 2008 on the age-wage profile of the teaching profession. Remuneration is compared across educational attainment levels, years of experience and across age groups. A Lemieux Decomposition is used to determine what the distribution of teacher wages would look like if teachers were remunerated according to the same structure as non-teachers. It is found that the teaching profession is relatively unattractive to individuals at the top end of the skills distribution in the South African labour market, the result of which may be lower quality candidates entering the teaching profession.
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Youth citizenship, national unity and poverty alleviation: East and West African approaches to the education of a new generation - Arnot, Madeleine; Casely-Hayford, Leslie; Wainaina, Paul K.; Chege, Fatuma N.; Dovie, Delali Adjoa (26, 2009)
Youth citizenship is now on the international agenda. This paper explores what that concept might mean in the context of two African nations: Kenya and Ghana. Post independence, both countries focused on rethinking the colonial concept of citizenship in line with their political-cultural traditions, providing education for all youth and to encouraging new notions of national citizenship. Programmes for civic education were established that have been reshaped over the last fifty years. These citizenship education programmes display the tension between different political goals of national unity, economic progress and the promotion of human rights, working with diversity, and encouraging collective responsibility and individual development. The aim is to use the education of the citizen to encourage civic engagement although there is evidence that these programmes might not, for a variety of reasons, engage all young people into the nation building project. The paper considers evidence from a wide range of documentary and social scientific sources to open debate about how to encourage young people's citizenship within the project of poverty alleviation.
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RECOUP Working Paper 26. Youth citizenship, national unity and poverty alleviation: Eastand West African approaches to the education of a newgeneration. - Arnot, Madeleine; Casely-Hayford, Leslie; Wainaina, Paul K.; Dovie, Delali Adjoa; Chege, Fatuma N. (2009)
Youth citizenship is now on the international agenda. This paper explores what that concept might mean in the context of two African nations: Kenya and Ghana. Post independence, both countries focused on rethinking the colonial concept of citizenship in line with their political-cultural traditions, providing education for all youth and to encouraging new notions of national citizenship. Programmes for civic education were established that have been reshaped over the last fifty years. These citizenship education programmes display the tension between different political goals of national unity, economic progress and the promotion of human rights, working with diversity, and encouraging collective responsibility and individual development. The aim is to use the education of the citizen to encourage civic engagement although there is evidence that these programmes might not, for a variety of reasons, engage all young people into the nation building project. The paper considers evidence from a wide range of documentary and social scientific sources to open debate about how to encourage young people’s citizenship within the project of poverty alleviation. Contact details: Professor Madeleine Arnot, Faculty of Education University of Cambridge,184 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 8PQ. Tel: 00 44 (0)1223 767626. Email: mma1000@cam.ac.uk
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Factors shaping pre-service teacher identities in a South African HIV/AIDS context: An examination of experience, knowledge and perceptions - Arseneau, Robyn (2009)
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Tropical forests and climate change: developing a policy-oriented synergy for adaptation and mitigation in the Congo basin - Arts, B.J.M.; Somorin, Olufunso A. (2009)
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The development of a model for continuing professional development for professional nurses in South Africa - Arunachallam, Sathasivan (2009)
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Bediako of Africa: A Late 20th Century Outstanding Theologian and Teacher - Asamoah‐Gyadu, J. Kwabena (Mission Studies, 2009)
Abstract Kwame Bediako of the Akrofi-Christaller Memorial Institute of Theology, Mission and Culture based in Akropong-Akwapim in Ghana, was a stalwart in the field of African Christianity and Theology. He was called home to glory in June 2008 at the age of 63 years. Converted from atheism whilst studying for a doctorate degree in French and African literature at the University of Bordeaux in France, Bediako embraced a conservative evangelical faith. He went on to do a second PhD in Theology under the tutelage of Andrew F. Walls in Aberdeen. Bediako returned to Ghana in 1984 to found the then Akrofi-Christaller Memorial Center for Mission Research and Applied Theology. Through that initiative, now a fully accredited tertiary theological educational institute, Bediako pioneered a new way of doing theology through his emphasis on mother-tongue hermeneutics, oral or grassroots theology, and the study of primal religions as the sub-structure of Christian expression in the majority Two Thirds World. These ideas are outlined in his major publications, Theology and Identity, Christianity in Africa, Jesus of Africa, and the many forceful and insightful articles scattered in local and international journals in religion and theology. For many years to come, although living in glory, Bediako's evangelical intellectual heritage will continue as a leading reference point for all those seeking to understand Africa's place in the history of world Christianity.
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What the American Church Can Learn From the African Church - Asare, Fred (2009)
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Educational Wisdom of African Oral Literature: African Proverbs as Vehicles for Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills in Social Studies Education - Asimeng‐Boahene, Lewis (International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 2009)
Preparing children to function effectively as global citizens in today’s complex and ethnically polarized nations and the world, will require students who think critically about the knowledge of the histories, experiences, and the cultural practices of other parts of the world. This paper offers African cultural heritage through proverbs as a frame for developing critical thinking skills among American students in the United StatesXhosa (South Africa) Proverb: Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu ‘A person is a person through persons’
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Challenges facing female teachers in performing their duties: a case of secondary schools in Bumula Division, Kenya - Asingwa, Phellistas (2009)
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Climate Change in the Levant and North Africa Region: An Assessment of Implications for Water Resources, Regional State of Awareness and Preparedness, and the Road AheadEnglish Summary - Assaf, Hamed (2009)
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[Therapeutic features of cheloid scars at the Dermatology Unit of Treichville Teaching Hospital, Abidjan-Côte d'Ivoire]. - Assi, Kondo Claude; Kouamé, K.; Ecra, E.; Gbery, I.P.; Yoboué, Y. P.; Kanga, J. M. (PubMed, 2009)
Cheloid scars are common in black African. Treatment is not adequately codified and chronicity of these cheloid scars is responsible for frequent recurrences.To assess treatment of cheloid scars for their codification.This study has been conducted in the dermatology unit. It is a therapeutic and prognostic study over one year. All the patients bearing cheloid scars and who agree to take part in this study were included.Average age was 28 without any sex predominance. The most used treatment was the combination of surgery and corticoid injections in 66% of cases. We had achieved a rate of 94.5% of good results when combining injections, surgery and pressotherapy.Therapeutic method combining injection of corticoid to surgery and to other therapeutic means provide good outcomes. It should be done in accordance with the clinical features of the cheloid scar.
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Climate change in Africa, based on tree rings and stable isotope results and its potential for climatic teleconnections - Aster, G (2009)
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Strategies for Teaching Online Courses within the Sub-Saharan African Context: An Instructor's Recommendations - Asunka, Stephen; Chae, Hui Soo (2009)
To understand better the challenges of implementing online learning in developing countries, the authors studied two consecutive iterations of an online course at a private university in Ghana during the 2007-2008 academic year. Study participants were undergraduate pre-service teachers, and the course - Pedagogical Aspects of ICT which hitherto had been delivered as a classroom-based lecture, was redesigned and delivered online by the instructors who also served as the researchers. This served the dual purpose of introducing the students to collaborative online learning, and providing the setting for this empirical study. Working within Africa's peculiar context of limited and unreliable technology infrastructure, and with students who preferred the traditional instructor-led approach to student-centered self-directed learning, several issues and challenges came to light. The lessons learnt, instructional strategies adopted, as well as the perspectives that the students shared in their formative and summative evaluations of the course, form the basis of a set of recommendations outlined in this paper. These recommendations therefore mainly relate to strategies that may be relevant to instructors who wish to foster young students' engagement and participation in learner-centered collaborative online learning activities within the context of limited technology infrastructure as pertains in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Training of agricultural machinery operators and mechanics in Nigeria: AMMOTRAC perspective. - Atanda, E. O.; Salokhe, V. M.; Soni, Pooja Soni Pooja (2009)
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Volcanic Ash from the 1999 Eruption of Mount Cameroon Volcano: Characterization and Implications to Health Hazards - Atanga, Mbs; Meerve, AS Van der; Shemamg, EM; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Krüger, W; Njome; Asobo, NE (Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences, 2009)
Volcanic ash from the 1999 eruption of Mount Cameroon volcano has been characterized for its particle size and shape (by scanning electron microscopy, SEM), and mineralogy (by X-ray diffractometry, XRD). Also the total fluorine (F) content of the ash was determined by the selective ion electrode method. The results show that the Mount Cameroon ash particles have a variety of shapes including fibrous, rounded, subrounded, irregular, angular, eleongated and bladed. All the ash samples have a significant proportion (~ 30%) of ash < 4 ƒEm in size and this is classified in occupational medicine as 'thoracic' and 'respirable' ash that is considered harmful to health. The XRD patterns show that the ash contains plagioclase feldspar, enstatite, augite and chromite, which, if fine enough may cause irritation of the respiratory tract, but they are relatively insoluble in the alveolar region. The ash lacks free silica, the main mineral in volcanic ash responsible for causing silicosis. The F concentration in the ash ranges from 46 ƒEg/ g to 189ƒEg/g. This is high considering that the lethal dose of F is set internationally at ~ 100ƒEg/g. This study forms the basis for a long term monitoring of volcanic ash risk and possible mitigation measures of the Mount Cameroon volcano. Keywords : volcanic ash, Mt. Cameroon, health hazards Cendre de Volcan de L'Eruption de 1999 du Mont Cameroun: Caracterisation et Implications aux Risques Sanitaires. La cendre de volcan de l'eruption de 1999 du mont Cameroun a ete caracterisee pour la dimension et la forme de ces particules (en utilisant la microscopie electronique a balayant, SEM), et mineralogie (diffractometrie a rayon X, XRD). En outre toute la teneur en fluor (F) de la cendre a ete determinee par la methode selective d'electrode d'ion. Les resultats prouvent que les particules de cendre du mont Cameroun ont une variete de formes comprenant : les fibreux, les arrondies, les sous arrondies, les irreguliers, les angulaires et les ovales. Tous les echantillons de cendre ont une proportion significative de (~ 30 %) de cendre ayant la taille < 4 m et ceci est classifie dans la medecine du travail comme la cendre 'thoracique' et 'respirable' qui est consideree nocif a la sante. Les modeles de XRD montre que la cendre contient le feldspath de plagioclase, l'enstatite, l'augite et la chromite qui, s'ils sont assez fins, peuvent produire l'irritation de la cavite nasale mais sont relativement insolubles dans la region d'aveolaire. La cendre manque de la silice libre, qui est le minerai principal de la cendre volcanique responsable d'engendrer la silicose. La concentration de F dans la cendre s'echelonne de 189 g/g. Ceci est eleve considerant que la dose mortelle de F est place internationalement aux environs de ~ 100 g/g. Cette etude forme la base pour une surveillance a long terme du risque volcanique et des mesures possibles de reduction du volcan de mont Cameroun. Mots cles : cendre de volcan, Mont Cameroun, risques sanitaires
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Eruptive and earthquake activities related to the 2000 eruption of Mount Cameroon volcano (West Africa) - Ateba, Bekoa; Dorbath, Catherine; Dorbath, L.; Nfomou, Ntepe; Frogneux, M.; Aka, Festus Tongwa; Hell, J.V.; Delmond, J. C.; Manguelle, D. (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 2009)
Mount Cameroon is an active volcano located in the Gulf of Guinea, west of Central Africa. After the March–April 1999 eruption on the SW flank, another eruption of the volcano occurred in 2000. It took place from three sites on the southwest flank and near the summit. The first eruptive site was located 500 m to the southwest of the summit, at 3900 m altitude. Activity on this site was mainly explosive with no lava flow. The second site was located between 3220 and 3470 m altitude. Lava was emitted along NNE–SSE fissures from this site and flew towards Buea, the main city of the area, stopping ~ 4 km from the first houses. The last site was located in the south western flank at 2750 m altitude. The lava ejected from an old cone near the first 1999 eruptive site was divided into two branches, for a total length of around 1 km. The location of active volcanic cones in 1999 and 2000 seems to be linked to the local tectonics. The pre-eruptive period was characterized by a seismic swarm which may be a precursor recorded in March 2000 by an analogue seismic station. The main shock was a magnitude 3.2 event, and was felt by the population in Ekona town located on the eastern flank. It had a Modified Mercalli intensity of III–IV. When the eruption started, a temporary network of short period 3-component seismic stations was set up around the volcano to improve the monitoring of seismic activity. The co-eruptive period from late May to September was characterized by sequences of earthquake swarms, volcanic tremor and a family of earthquakes having similar waveform and appearing regularly in August and early September. Some of the earthquakes were felt by the population in Buea and its environments. The largest seismic event recorded had a magnitude of 4. During the post-eruptive period from mid-September to December, seismicity returned to its background level of 1–3 earthquakes per 3 days. Hypocenter locations reveal a linear narrow structure under the summit zone which could represent the magmatic conduit of the volcano. The frequency/magnitude relationship revealed a b-value of 1.43 higher than those previously determined, but more representative of volcanic media. Seismic energy release was gradual after the 2000 eruption started.
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Financing higher education through value added tax: a review of the contribution of the Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund) in fulfilment of the objectives of Act 581 - Atuahene, Francis (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2009)
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Redefining Leadership: Examination of African American Women Serving as Presidents in Institutions of Higher Education. - Ausmer, Nicole M. (2009)
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Chronicling African American Women Students at the University of Iowa - Averkamp, Shawn (Microform and Imaging Review, 2009)
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Grade 10 life science teachers' understanding and development of critical thinking skills in selected schools in Namibia - Avia, Ndiyakuphi (2009)
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Grade 10 life science teachers' understanding and development of critical thinking skills in selected schools in Namibia - Avia, Ndiyakuphi (2009)
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Teachers and Teaching in Africa - Awasom, Lawrence Chi (2009)
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Effects of temporal changes in climate variables on crop production in tropical sub-humid south-western Nigeria. - Awotoye, Olusegun Olufemi; Matthew, Olaniran J. (Journal of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Ecology, 2009)
Climate variability and change have been implicated to have significant impacts on global and regional food production particularly the common stable food crops performance in tropical sub-humid climatic zone. However, the extent and nature of these impacts still remain uncertain. In this study, records of crop yields and some climatic variables for a period of 17 years (1990 - 2006) were used to carry out a comprehensive study of the impacts of climate variability on some common classes of food crops (tubers, grains, legumes and vegetables) in South-western Nigeria with a view to determining their responses to observed varying climatic conditions. Crops differed markedly in their responses to the climate variables. Mean temperature varied with the tuber crop production compared with other food crops. Production of other food crops (grains, legumes and vegetables) was largely dependent on the seasonal and inter-annual change in rainfall. However, combinations of a number of interacting factors with both climatic and non-climatic components were responsible for the relatively low coefficient of correlation (r 0.4) between rainfall amount and the crop yields. The climate projections for Southwestern Nigeria by 2020 would have direct and adverse impacts on food production, distribution, infrastructure and livelihood assets in Nigeria.
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6. Increasing drought in arid and semiarid Kenya - Awuor, Cynthia (2009)
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Assessing the Learning Effectiveness of African Virtual University - Ayalew, Esubalew; Negash, Solomon; Amoroso, Donald L. (2009)
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Global Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in Sub-Sahara Africa - Ayanlade; Ayansina (地学前缘, 2009)
Health and climate have been linked since antiquity.The impact of climate change on human health has received increasing recognition since it was first mentioned in the IRCC(Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change).Climate change is widely considered to be a major driver of inter-annual variability of malaria incidence in Africa.Several researches have suggested that climate can affect infectious disease patterns because disease agents and
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Integrating ICT in Higher Education: A Case Study of Students with Visual Impairment in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana - Ayebi-Arthur, Kofi; Aidoo, Dora Baaba; Ntim, Edward Kofi; Tenkorang, Emmanuel Yamoah (2009)
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A study on the use of the Internet in Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. - Ayebi-Arthur, Kofi; Aidoo, Dora Baaba; Wilson, Kofi Bentum (2009)
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Urinary Abnormalities, Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Profiles Among Students in a Nigerian University - Ayodele, O. E.; Akanbi, O.O.; Akinwusi, PO; Hassan, A. O.; Ogunro, PO (Tropical Journal of Nephrology, 2009)
Reports from Nigeria indicate that young adults bear a disproportionate significant burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis which account for e” 70% of the causes of ESRD in Nigeria can be diagnosed at an early stage by measurement of blood pressure and urine examination. Early detection of these diseases will allow early initiation of appropriate therapies and educational strategies, which will in turn impact positively on kidney outcome. This study was embarked upon to determine the frequency of urinary abnormalities, blood pressure and anthropometric profiles of university students. We conducted a cross sectional study in 131 (68 males, 63 females), 400L medical students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, to determine the prevalence of urinary abnormalities, prehypertension, hypertension and overweight/obesity. The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in our cohort was 48% and 5% respectively. Overweight and obesity were found in 10.7% and 3.0% participants respectively. None of our study participants had a significant urinary abnormality. In conclusion, our study shows that prehypertension and hypertension thus occur among university students. Thus, there is need to promote the initiation and sustenance of lifestyle modifications at an early age since this may help in the prevention of hypertension or progression of prehypertension to hypertension.
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THE NATIONAL PROJECT OR THE NATIONAL PROGRAMME: AN EVALUATION OF TEMPUS PROGRAMME CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR IN SYRIA - Ayoubi, Rami; Al-Ahmar, Anas; Ahmar-Dakna, Susan (2009)
This study presents a preliminary analysis of TEMPUS contribution to the development and upgrading of the higher education sector in Syria. By comparing the priorities of Syrian higher education sector and the objectives of thirty three TEMPUS projects implemented in Syria, the study shows different levels of contribution of each project to the national priorities. An innovative concept of the National Project based on two dimensions was suggested. The two dimensions are the number of national priorities that the project meets, and the number of Syrian higher education institutions involved in each project. It is found that more than 50% of these projects meet the national priorities, and an individual project is relatively serving a few number of universities. In accordance with the concept of the national project that was proposed in this study, the results insist on the need for more nationaloriented projects in the future. To guarantee the sustainability of the Programme, the study suggests that TEMPUS Programme should stress on developing more national-oriented projects based on the concept of the national project suggested in this study. However, from macro point of view, the results indicate that TEMPUS Programme could be considered as a national Programme. Empirically, this study provides decision makers of the higher education sector in Syria with relevant information regarding the intended future directions of the projects, and their contribution to the higher education development process.
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The strategies of higher education versus the labour market requirements: An overview on business graduates employability in Syria - Ayoubi, Rami; Zarif, K (2009)
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A Retrospective Analysis of Mortality Distribution in Juba Teaching Hospital, Southern Sudan - Ayrton, James; Attwood, David; Lado, Dario Kuron (South Sudan Medical Journal, 2009)
Southern Sudan has just emerged after over 20 years of civil war and is rebuilding its infrastructure and healthcare system from virtually nothing. In Juba, the capital, Juba Teaching Hospital (JTH) is the largest tertiary referral centre in the country and has close ties with the Ministry of Health in the Government of Southern Sudan. St Mary’s, Isle of Wight has been linked with JTH since November 2007 as one of the global health partnerships affiliated to the Tropical Health and Education Trust. Two of us (JA and DA) have been working in JTH since August 2008 on attachment from the UK. Part of our brief from the directors at JTH has been to evaluate and improve the acute care delivered in the emergency department. Southern Sudan has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in world1. However there is very little reliable published data on admissions and mortality rates in secondary and tertiary care. Despite being a large teaching hospital, documentation at JTH is often poor and official statistics on admissions and mortality are sparse and their reliability is sometimes questionable. For this reason we undertook a retrospective descriptive analysis of hospital admissions and inpatient mortality rates during July 2008 In particular, [we address the question of] OR we looked at the chronological distribution of mortality, in order to ascertain/find out whether acute care services were in fact an area of priority in reducing total hospital mortality.
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Comparing the Private Cost of Education at Public, Private, and Faith-Based Schools in Cameroon - Backiny-Yetna, Prospère; Wodon, Quentin (MPRA Paper, 2009)
This paper uses recent household survey data for Cameroon to measure the cost for households of the education services that their children receive and assess how this cost varies according to the type of service provider. Contrary to what has been observed in some other countries, the data suggest that faith-based schools in Cameroon serve primarily better-off children, with public schools serving the poor more. Faith-based schools are also more expensive for households than private schools (possibly due to lower levels of public funding). This may be one of the reasons why the poor tend to go to public schools more than to faith-based schools.
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Policy as Practice: Local Appropriation of Language and Education Policies in Lesotho Primary Schools. - Backman, Stephen (2009)
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Abstract: redressing the apartheid legacy of social exclusion : social equity, redress and admission to higher education in democratic South Africa - Badat, Saleem (2009)
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Learning patterns of secondary school students in Ghana. Implications for Post-Secondary Distance Education - Badu-Nyarko, Samuel Kofi (2009)
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Literacy for Development in Africa: some issues and concerns. In: Promoting prisons education in Ghana through Distance Learning, edited by Sam Adema and Kate Aidoo Adeka - Badu-Nyarko, Samuel Kofi; Oduro-Mensah, Daniel (2009)
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Promoting Prisons Education in Ghana Through Distance Learning - Badu-Nyarko, Samuel Kofi; Oduro-Mensah, Daniel (2009)
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Learning orientation of part-time adult learners in Ghana - Badu-Nyarko, Samuel Kofi; Torto, Beatrice A. (2009)
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Barriers to the retention of Black African students in post graduate psychology. - Baig, Quraisha. (2009)
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Why context matters: understanding the material conditions of school-based caring in Zambia - Bajaj, Monisha (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
m This study utilized in-depth interviewing, participant observation, and student diaries completed by participants to examine the quality of teacher-student relationships at a low-cost private school in the townships of Ndola, Zambia. Amidst economic decline and the HIV/AIDS epidemic facing Zambia today, teachers and students developed strong relationships that differed from those found in government secondary schools and were shaped by the economic and social realities in the larger society. These caring relationships were facilitated by official school policy, deliberative spaces created for caring such as longer school hours and smaller class sizes, and strict oversight of teachers by the school administration. Teachers' efforts to provide students advice and resources related to the economic and health crises affecting their community resulted in the development of caring relationships that students noted were unique given their experiences in and exposure to government secondary schools. The findings of this study suggest that scholars of caring in the US and internationally should consider the material conditions of both students' and teachers' lives beyond the school environment in order to understand how caring relationships are structured, limited, and enabled in distinct moments by larger socioeconomic and political realities.
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What is the difference in achievement of learners in selected kiswahili and English medium primary schools in Tanzania - Bakahwemama, Jane Barongo (2009)
This study aimed at exploring the difference in learners‟ achievement in public and private primary schools in Tanzania. Three subjects namely Kiswahili, English and Mathematics were assessed to investigate the differences. The specific objectives of the study were; (1) to find out the difference in learners achievement (2) to investigate the factors contributing to the difference. Education for Self-Reliance (ESR) policy was used as theory to guide the study. ESR policy was formulated by Nyerere in 1967 as a critique to colonial education. I used ESR theory in order to make analysis at macro level. Privatization of education has similar impact like those of colonial education in Tanzanian community of today. The conceptual framework was developed from the idea of Sheikh (2006). I used the conceptual framework to make analysis at micro level. The model comprises three components such as enabling conditions, teaching and learning process and outcome. The study was designed in the form of case study. Purposeful and criterion sampling techniques were used to select 2 head teachers, 6 subject teachers, 10 parents and ten pupils who were interviewed. It also involved 102 pupils who did the tests which I administered for the sake of this study. This study was limited to primary schools under the LOITASA project in Tanzania, specifically in Dar es Salaam region. The study mainly employed a qualitative research approach but in some cases even a quantitative approach. Semi structure interviews, observation and documentary review were employed in this study. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The Findings indicated that private primary school pupils performed better than public school pupils. But in the grade four national examinations in mathematics, public primary school did better than private primary schools pupils. The findings also indicated that teachers in public schools lack motivation and commitment to their work due to too small salary, scarcity of teaching resources and denial of their rights and other benefits as well as low status accorded to teachers. The teachers in private schools do not face the above mentioned problems. They are committed and motivated to work hard. They spend most of their time at school performing their teaching roles effectively and efficiently. Moreover, the findings showed that private tuition, provision of sufficient exercises, home assignments and feedback, parental supports and availability of learning materials at home contribute much to learners‟ academic achievements. Learner centered methods and good classroom climate enhance good academic performance. I recommended that there is a need of conducting in-service training, seminars and workshops to teachers to strengthen their existing knowledge and skills. In the case of motivation, teachers‟ living condition can be improved by increasing their salaries. Other fridge benefits also, should be paid attention. Furthermore, there should be regular communication between parents and teachers so as to monitor pupils‟ academic progress.
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Agreement between clinicians' and care givers' assessment of intelligence in Nigerian children with intellectual disability: 'ratio IQ' as a viable option in the absence of standardized 'deviance IQ' tests in sub-Saharan Africa - Bakare, Muideen O.; Ubochi, Vincent N; Okoroikpa, Ifeoma N; Aguocha, Chinyere Mirian; Ebigbo, Peter O. (Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2009)
There may be need to assess intelligent quotient (IQ) scores in sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability, either for the purpose of educational needs assessment or research. However, modern intelligence scales developed in the western parts of the world suffer limitation of widespread use because of the influence of socio-cultural variations across the world. This study examined the agreement between IQ scores estimation among Nigerian children with intellectual disability using clinicians' judgment based on International Classification of Diseases, tenth Edition (ICD - 10) criteria for mental retardation and caregivers judgment based on 'ratio IQ' scores calculated from estimated mental age in the context of socio-cultural milieu of the children. It proposed a viable option of IQ score assessment among sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability, using a ratio of culture-specific estimated mental age and chronological age of the child in the absence of standardized alternatives, borne out of great diversity in socio-cultural context of sub-Saharan Africa. Clinicians and care-givers independently assessed the children in relation to their socio-cultural background. Clinicians assessed the IQ scores of the children based on the ICD - 10 diagnostic criteria for mental retardation. 'Ratio IQ' scores were calculated from the ratio of estimated mental age and chronological age of each child. The IQ scores as assessed by the clinicians were then compared with the 'ratio IQ' scores using correlation statistics. A total of forty-four (44) children with intellectual disability were assessed. There was a significant correlation between clinicians' assessed IQ scores and the 'ratio IQ' scores employing zero order correlation without controlling for the chronological age of the children (r = 0.47, df = 42, p = 0.001). First order correlation controlling for the chronological age of the children showed higher correlation score between clinicians' assessed IQ scores and 'ratio IQ' scores (r = 0.75, df = 41, p = 0.000). Agreement between clinicians' assessed IQ scores and 'ratio IQ' scores was good. 'Ratio IQ' test would provide a viable option of assessing IQ scores in sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability in the absence of culture-appropriate standardized intelligence scales, which is often the case because of great diversity in socio-cultural structures of sub-Saharan Africa.
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E-LEARNING IN THE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE - Bakare, T.V. (EDULEARN09 Proceedings, 2009)
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The Reproduction of Gendered Inequalities in Nigerian Secondary Schools - Bakari, Salihu (2009)
Nigeria, on the west coast of Africa, has an area of 923,769 square kilometres. In 2006, its population of 140,003,542 spoke more than 400 languages and belonged to more than 250 ethnic groups (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2007). It has a low Human Development Index ? ranked 158 out of 177 countries (UNDP, 2003) and high ethno-religious and regional tensions. The struggle for economic and political dominance leads to high-profile assassinations, religious intolerance and ethnic clashes at the slightest provocation. This situation, coupled with the political influence of kinship, lack of transparency in government and other factors creates space for corrupt practices and disregard for the rule of law. This in turn paves the way for marginalisation of less powerful groups and individuals.
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‘I Invited Her to My Office’: Normalising Sexual Violence in a Nigerian College of Education - Bakari, Salihu; Leach, Fiona (2009)
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Assessing indigenous knowledge for evaluation, propagation and conservation of indigenous multipurpose fodder trees towards enhancing climate change adaptation in Northern Ethiopia. - Balehegn, Mulubrhan; Eniang, Edem A.; Parotta, J. A.; Oteng-Yeboah, A.; Cobbinah, Joseph R. (2009)
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Problems in Reading Comprehension Skills among Secondary School Students in Yemen - Balfakeh, Suad Awad Dahman (2009)
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Redefining Responsibility: Welfare Reform, Low-Income African American Mothers, and Children with Disabilities - Balot, Michelle Magee (2009)
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AM-111 Reduces Hearing Loss in a Guinea Pig Model of Acute Labyrinthitis - Balough, B.J. (Yearbook of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, 2009)
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Cost-effectiveness of selected interventions for hearing impairment in Africa and Asia: A mathematical modelling approach - Baltussen, Rob; Smith, Andrew (International Journal of Audiology, 2009)
The purpose of this paper was to present estimates of costs and effects of selected interventions for hearing impairment in Africa and Asia. The method used mathematical simulation models on the basis of WHO burden of disease information, and WHO-CHOICE costing databases. Findings showed that in both regions, screening strategies for hearing impairment and delivery of hearing aids cost between I$1000 and I$1600 per DALY, with passive screening being the most efficient intervention. Active screening at schools and in the community are somewhat less cost-effective. In the treatment of chronic otitis media, aural toilet in combination with topical antibiotics costs is more efficient than aural toilet alone, and costs between I$11 and I$59 in both regions. The treatment of meningitis with ceftriaxone costs between I$55 and I$217 at low coverage levels, in both regions. In more absolute terms, the vast majority of all considered intervention strategies are cost-effective strategies according to international benchmarks, in both regions concerned. In conclusion, various strategies are economically attractive to reduce the disease burden of hearing impairment around the world.
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Diabetic retinopathy, visual impairment and ocular status among patients with diabetes mellitus in Yemen: A hospital-based study - Bamashmus, Mahfouth A.; Gunaid, Abdallah A.; Khandekar, Rajiv (Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009)
Background: We present a series of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who attended an eye hospital in Sana, Yemen during 2004. Aim: To determine the magnitude and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Ophthalmologists assessed vision, ocular pressure, ocular media and posterior segment to note ocular manifestations among patients with DM. DR was graded by using bio-microscope and Volk lens. The prevalence and 95% confidence interval of ocular complications of DM were calculated. Risk factors of DR like age, sex, duration of diabetes and hypertension were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: Univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Our series comprised 350 patients suffering from DM. The duration of diabetes was ≥15 years in 101 (29%) patients. Physician was treating 108 DM patients with insulin. The prevalence of DR was 55% (95% CI 49.6–60.1). The proportions of background diabetic retinopathy (BDR), preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (PPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema were 20%, 13%, 17% and 22% respectively. The prevalence of blindness among DM patients was 16%. The prevalence of cataract and glaucoma was 34.3% and 8.6%. Duration of DM was the predictor of DR. One-fifth of the patients had sight-threatening DR and needed laser treatment. Conclusions: DR was of public health magnitude among our patients. An organized approach is recommended to address DR in the study area.
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Regular Visits to a Diabetes Clinic Were Associated with Lower Magnitude of Visual Disability and Diabetic Retinopathy—A Hospital-Based Historical Cohort Study in Yemen - Bamashmus, Mahfouth A.; Gunaid, Abdallah A.; Khandekar, Rajiv (Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2009)
We associated regularity in visits to a diabetes clinic with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and visual disabilities.This historical cohort study was conducted in 2004. The physician reported details of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and other illness. The ophthalmologist examined eyes and noted visual acuity, DR, and other ocular morbidities. We calculated the relative risk (RR) of different complications of diabetes.Our cohort consisted of 228 patients (114 in each group, one that attended diabetes clinics regularly [group A] and one that had irregular attendance [group B]). DR was found in 47 (41.2%) and 68 (61.4%) patients, respectively. The risk of DR was significantly higher in group B (RR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 2.18). The severity of DR was also positively associated with irregularity in clinic visits (x(2) = 33.56, degrees of freedom = 5, P = 0.000003). The risk of bilateral blindness (RR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.38 to 11.6) and low vision disability (RR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.47) were higher in group B. The duration of diabetes and the regularity in clinic visits were the predictors of DR.The presence of DR and visual disabilities among patients with diabetes is associated with irregular attendance at diabetes clinics. The regularity of medical visits seems to be a proxy indicator of better primary prevention of eye complications of DM.
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Education for all (EFA) and the ‘African Indigenous Knowledge Systems (AIKS)’: The case of the Chewa people of Zambia - Banda, Dennis (International Journal of Educational Development, 2009)
This research is an investigation of whether 'African Indigenous Knowledge Systems (AIKS)' can enhance the achievement of Education for All (EFA) with particular reference to the Chewa people of Zambia. The study raises challenges that many countries have experienced in their effort to achieve EFA. Among the Chewa people of Zambia, quality, relevance and credibility of the education are some of the reasons affecting the provision of education to all. This research has argued that formal schooling education, in its current form may not be the right vehicle to deliver EFA goals. The research has proposed alternative forms of knowledge that could be hybridized with the formal schooling education to address some of the challenges identified. The research has tried to re-appropriate some Chewa AIKS to theorize curriculum and pedagogy reforms that could enhance the achievement of the EFA goals. I have used qualitative research methodology in the study. The respondents in this study were drawn from two areas of community of practice i.e. the Chewa traditional chiefs and elders as perceived custodians of the Chewa AIKS and the educationists, as implementers of education programs and policy and curriculum designers. Key issues identified by this research include the following: that a replacement of the formal schooling education by the AIKS is not an answer to the current challenges facing the provision of meaningful education to all; that through consultations, and co-ordination by all stakeholders and research in AIKS and formal schooling education, either system would shed off elements perceived as barriers to EFA; and be hybridized to complement each other to enhance the achievement of EFA goals; that the formal schooling education should not be considered to be superior to informal and non-formal education systems, but that all are critical components in this quest. Theories and frameworks of hybridization of forms of knowledge/education have been considered in this research. I have argued that hybridizing AIKS with the formal schooling system will only become significant if an economic value is added to the AIKS through some mechanisms put in place. The practical skills embedded in AIKS could foster career building, entrepreneurship and apprenticeship if linked to the money economy of employment and wealth creation. I have argued that there may be need to establish opportunities for AIKS holders to be accredited within the National Qualification Framework and policy framework on AIKS be enacted to regulate and protect IK, and guide the hybridization process. The study highlights three main frameworks on the hybridization of the AIKS and the formal schooling curriculum: (1) Mainstreaming/ Incorporation/ Integration/ infusion of the AIKS into the formal school curriculum. (2) Establishing IK as a core subject with a structure similar to those of other core subjects in the curriculum. (3) Teaching AIKS as a component of the seven official Zambian languages that are taught in schools.
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A critical analysis of the management of climate change risk among short-term insurers in South Africa: evidence from company annual reports - Banda, Musale Hamangaba (2009)
This study investigates the extent to which South African short-term insurance companies manage climate change risk, as evidenced in their annual and sustainability reporting. The study context takes into account the fact that the world’s climate has been changing at a more accelerated rate since the early 1970s, causing disasters that have negatively affected world economies in the last ten years. Insurers, due to their huge financial resource base, long history of spurring innovation around risk and encouraging loss-reducing behaviour as well as high levels of vulnerability, have been identified as one industry that could lead societies in finding solutions to climate change risk. A key element of such a corporate resolve involves taking a leadership position which makes business sense for insurers. As such, this research analyses how innovative solutions to change-related problems could result in reduced exposure to climate change in line with corporate triple bottom line objectives. Based on a purposive sampling of short-term insurance companies operating in the South African market during the 2007 financial year, the study uses the companies’ annual and sustainability reports in order to critically assess evidence of climate change-related performance. The assessment is undertaken against the best practice indicators of climate change risk management, as defined by Ceres – a global researcher on climate change management in the business context. The data analysis is largely qualitative, consisting of a narrative presentation of the results and a conceptual application of the results to the triple bottom line which forms the theoretical framework of this study. The study finds that the South African short-term insurers were generally not living up to the climate change management ideals, in comparison to their multinational counterparts. For the South African short-term insurers, corporate strategic product innovation and planning was insignificant. Also negligible was board involvement, as well as CEO involvement, though in at least one case of the 4 local short-term insurance, there was evidence of extensive CEO involvement in climate change risk management. On the whole, these findings represent a lapse in corporate governance inasmuch as climate change risk management is concerned. Local short-term insurers generally performed well in the area of public disclosure, with their scores ranging from insignificant to extensive. In contrast, multinational short-term insurers’ performance with regard to climate change risk intervention ranged from insignificant tointegrated, across the five governance areas of board oversight, management execution, public disclosure, emissions accounting and strategic planning. As such, the study broadly recommends that short-term insurers in South Africa should make climate change part of their overall risk management strategies in order for them to remain competitive in an environment of increased climate change-related risk. More specifically, the research project recommends that…
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Pattern of upper gastrointestinal tumors at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a ten-year review. - Bane, Abate; Ashenafi, Senait; Kassa, Endale (PubMed, 2009)
Due to lack of public awareness and cancer surveillance, patients in developing countries usually present with advanced and terminal malignancies. The absence of early diagnostic facilities and standard chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy services in low-income countries further confound the problem in the care of such patients. Moreover, the prevalence of cancers (including upper GI malignancies) is unknown in Ethiopia due to lack of national cancer registry.To assess the type and the pattern of upper GI tumors among the patients whose upper GI tract biopsies were seen at the Tikur Anbessa Hospital (TAH) during September 1, 1992 through August 31, 2002.A ten-year retrospective analysis of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) biopsy reports of adult patients was made at the Tikur Anbessa teaching Hospital.There were 608 UGIT biopsy specimens submitted to the pathology department of Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, from different hospitals and clinics in the country for histological studies. There were 369 males (67.7%) and 239 (39.3%) females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age for males was 50 years while 48 years for females. Although most of biopsies were submitted from Addis Ababa and Shewa, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were apparently predominant among the patients from Arsi and Bale areas as compared to Addis Ababa and other regions. The mean duration of major presenting symptoms was 4-6 months both for esophageal and gastric cancers. In this study, upper GI endoscopy had a 90% correlation with the histological diagnosis.Esophageal cancers were observed to be relatively common among the patients from Arsi and Bale zones while gastric cancers were apparently predominant among patients referred from Addis Ababa. Upper GI endoscopic diagnosis was also noted to correlate well with the histological diagnosis.
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Persons living with physical disabilities in the return process in Northern Uganda - Bannink, Femke; Lorschiedter, Ann; Amony, Agnes; Opok, Fred (2009)
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Islamic education, religious elites and the state in Kano, Nigeria. Summary paper. - Bano, Masooda (2009)
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Engaged yet Disengaged: Islamic Schools and the State in Kano, Nigeria. - Bano, Massoda (2009)
Madrasas (Islamic schools and seminaries) have been the focus of reform in most Muslim majority countries during recent decades. Post-September 11, concern has heightened in some countries. Reasons for state intervention vary but the usual explanation points to the modernizing ambitions of the secular elite in post-colonial Muslim states who, led by a vision of modernization and nation-building, have aimed to reform religious schools to bring them in line with the demands of modernity. In particular, the reforms have typically sought to introduce secular subjects into the curriculum to enable graduates to compete for jobs in government and the wider economy, pay and train some or all teachers, improve buildings and teaching materials, and, through curriculum reform, create a religious leadership that will propagate a more liberal interpretation of Islam. The State government's engagement with Islamic Schools in Kano, one of the most populous Muslim states of northern Nigeria, has been essentially tolerant of traditional religious authorities. Drawing on interviews with key informants from the state government, Muslim leaders and informed observers, this study examines the aim and content of attempts to reform various types of Muslim primary and secondary education, by encouraging the adoption of curricula containing both secular and religious subjects and providing other types of support. Unlike elsewhere, in Kano, the State government has not intervened in the higher levels of Islamic education.
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Deepening the Divide: The Differential Impact of Protracted Conflict on TVET Versus Academic Education in Palestine - Barakat, Bilal (2009)
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Researching the first year accounting problem : factors influencing success or failure at a South African higher education institutions - Barnes, Hayley; Dzansi, Dennis Yao; Wilkinson, Annette; Viljoen, M. F. (Journal for new generation sciences, 2009)
Under-performance and failure in first year accounting is a problem experienced in many higher education institutions world-wide as well as in South Africa. Literature shows that the problem is relatively well researched. Most of the research has taken place within the quantitative paradigm and in many cases focused on a search for determinants of possible success and / or failure in the subject or the factors contributing to the situation. The findings of all these research projects are varied and often inconclusive. It also becomes clear that the contexts of the studies are diverse, which makes it difficult for institutions and concerned lecturers to apply the findings in their specific situations. In this article the authors provide an overview of some of the most prominent research findings on factors determining or influencing success / failure in the field. They also attempt to organise these findings in a digestible way for the concerned lecturer and interested researcher. This is followed by a report on the first phase of an investigation into possible factors contributing to the low performance levels of students at a South African higher education institution. The unit of analysis is the first year accounting class of the first author (a lecturer at the institution). The research is quantitative in nature and statistical analyses are employed. In addition to factors such as age, gender, matric performance in key subjects, M-scores, class attendance and nationality, the investigation also looked at the levels of learning approach of the students as a possible determinant of success or failure. The findings are compared with the findings from literature and the implications of the research are discussed.
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The relationship among ethnic identity, psychological well -being, academic achievement and intergroup competence of African American high school adolescents - Barnett, Thomas D. (2009)
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Listening to the Voices of Disability: Experiences of Caring for Children with Cerebral Palsy in a Rural South African Setting - Barratt, Joanne; Penn, Claire (2009)
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Emerging Evidence on Vouchers and Faith-based Providers in Education : Case Studies from Africa, Latin America, and Asia - Barrera‐Osorio, Felipe; Patrinos, Harry Anthony; Wodon, Quentin (World Bank Publications, 2009)
The case studies in this book provide useful information on the characteristics of students and the performance of various types of schools that benefit from public-private partnerships. While these case studies are empirically grounded, their results are not necessarily of universal application, because context also matters. The authors are careful to point out that while one of the case studies is based on an experiment, the other case studies use instruments or matching methods that have their limitations. Yet a key result from this work is that sound analyses of existing data are feasible and can yield useful conclusions about the contribution that private service providers can offer to educational development. These case studies will encourage more researchers to undertake similar work to demonstrate the many options that developing countries have to reach their education goals.
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Higher education quality assurance in Ghana : how NAB is coping with the balance between improvement and accountability - Baryeh, Jones Obeng Boampong (2009)
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Changing the Trajectory : Education and Training for Youth in Democratic Republic of Congo - Bashir, Sajitha (World Bank Publications - Books, 2009)
This report, Changing the Trajectory: education and training for young people in the Democratic Republic of Congo, provides an analysis of the current educational attainment and current school enrollment of youth in the 12 to 24 years age group and the educational opportunities and training available to them in the formal and informal sectors. Using the results of a simulation model that incorporates enrollment in alternative education programs and the educational level attained by out-of-school population, the report explains the various scenarios for the development of the post-primary sector. The results of each scenario are evaluated according to their impact on the human capital accumulation of young people and sustainability of public expenditures. The report offers various options for rapidly raising the educational achievements of young people who will enter the labor market in the next two decades, including expanding opportunities for alternative education and training for school children, extension of the primary cycle and the reorganization of secondary education and technical/vocational education to reduce early specialization. This study is of interest to other African countries, education professionals and staff development organizations struggling to grapple with the challenge of expanding access to post-primary education in a context of low primary achievement and limited resources.
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Assessment of the role of forum theatre in HIV/AIDS behavioral change process among secondary school adolescents in Butare province, Rwanda - Basinga, Paulin; Bizimana, Jean de Dieu; Munyanshongore, Cyprien (International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 2009)
Article Assessment of the role of forum theatre in HIV/AIDS behavioral change process among secondary school adolescents in Butare province, Rwanda was published on June 1, 2009 in the journal International Journal on Disability and Human Development (volume 8, issue 2).
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Influence of Principals’ Administrative Style on the Job Performance of Secondary School Teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria - Bassey, JE; Obim, RE; Okure, SJ; Otu, BD (Annals of Modern Education, 2009)
The objective was to evaluate the administrative style of secondary school principals in relation to teachers’ job performance in Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of four hundred (400) teachers and one thousand two hundred (1200) students were randomly sampled for the study, using Ex-post facto research design with standard questionnaires for data collection. The results showed that the leadership and motivational behaviour of the principal significantly affected the job performance of his teachers in terms of lesson note preparation, supervision of co-curricular activities, classroom teaching, students discipline and use of teaching aids. It is recommended that Principals should share their administrative responsibilities with their staff by delegating certain functions to them. Keywords: Principal’s administrative style, co-curricular, job performance, organizational task
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Correlates of Examination Malpractice in Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria - Bassey, JE; Okure, SJ; Otu, BD; Omang, JD (Annals of Modern Education, 2009)
The main purpose of this study was to investigate correlates and factors of examination malpractice in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. One thousand two hundred (1200) students were randomly sampled for the study, using ex-post facto research design with standard questionnaires for data collection. Our hypotheses were there is no significant influence of: 1) location of school on students’ involvement in examination malpractice and 2) level of examination supervision on examination malpractice. The results showed that school location and level of examination supervision do significantly influence examination malpractice in the secondary schools. Schools located in the hinterland were more likely to engage in malpractice because accessibility is very difficult and government offici als and other examination syndicates could hardly monitor examinations. Loose supervision enabled students to adopt different methods of carrying extraneous materials into examination halls without the knowledge of those supervising. Modalities and suggestions for curbing examination malpractices in public and private examinations and schools were suggested.
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The Impact of Education on the Subjective Discount Rate in Ugandan Villages - Bauer, Michal; Chytilová, Julie (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
Heterogeneity in time discounting may reinforce the existing barriers to save and invest faced by rural populations in developing countries. We elicit a subjective discount rate for a varied sample of Ugandan villagers. In accordance with other studies, we have found the discount rate to decrease with education. We examine this correlation further by testing the causal effect of education and exploit two different sources of its variation: school frequency across villages and the number of the respondents' school-going years that overlap with the era of the dictator Idi Amin's rule. For men, we find that education has a significant impact on their discount rate, similar in magnitude for both types of instruments and robust to observable characteristics. This finding highlights the importance of education in development.
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Towards comprehensive approach to address HIV/AIDS education in the curriculum of teacher training institutions in Mozambique - Baúle, S.H. (2009)
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Farmers become filmmakers: climate change adaptation in Malawi - Baumhardt, F.; Lasage, R.; Suarez, Pablo; Chadza, C. (2009)
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Linking Parental Education, Child Health and Economic Well-being in Cameroon 1 - Baye, Francis Menjo; Fambon, Samuel (2009)
This paper examines empirical impacts of parental education on child health, and child health on economic well-being. Using Cameroon household Consumption survey data collected by the government statistics office in 2001 and a range of econometric methods, the existence of prominent spill-over effects linking parental literacy to better child health (weight-given age) is empirically validated, while controlling for other correlates. Results equally portray better child health as being significantly associated with high levels of production, surrogated by log of household total expenditures per adult – an observation attributable to complementary effects of child health on household economic well-being. The magnitudes of these influences vary by gender. Households headed by literate males appear more instrumental in seeking useful health practices than those by their female counterparts. This finding is attributable to the observation that female heads are typically single parents, while their male counterparts often work in synergy with their spouses when seeking healthcare technologies. Meanwhile, results linking child health to household production imply that female headed households would exploit the resulting extra-time, budgetary savings and peace of mind at work, because of better child health, to enhance economic well-being more effectively than those by their male counterparts. These results have implications for public interventions that enable women to take additional advantage of labour market/training opportunities as a means of improving household economic well-being. In addition, public expenditures on adult literacy/training programmes can have intergenerational implications for reproductive health, economic growth and household economic well-being.
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Linking Parental Education, Child Health and Economic Well-being in Cameroon 1 - Baye, Francis Menjo; Fambon, Samuel (2009)
This paper examines empirical impacts of parental education on child health, and child health on economic well-being. Using Cameroon household Consumption survey data collected by the government statistics office in 2001 and a range of econometric methods, the existence of prominent spill-over effects linking parental literacy to better child health (weight-given age) is empirically validated, while controlling for other correlates. Results equally portray better child health as being significantly associated with high levels of production, surrogated by log of household total expenditures per adult – an observation attributable to complementary effects of child health on household economic well-being. The magnitudes of these influences vary by gender. Households headed by literate males appear more instrumental in seeking useful health practices than those by their female counterparts. This finding is attributable to the observation that female heads are typically single parents, while their male counterparts often work in synergy with their spouses when seeking healthcare technologies. Meanwhile, results linking child health to household production imply that female headed households would exploit the resulting extra-time, budgetary savings and peace of mind at work, because of better child health, to enhance economic well-being more effectively than those by their male counterparts. These results have implications for public interventions that enable women to take additional advantage of labour market/training opportunities as a means of improving household economic well-being. In addition, public expenditures on adult literacy/training programmes can have intergenerational implications for reproductive health, economic growth and household economic well-being.
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Linking Parental Education, Child Health and Economic Well-being in Cameroon 1 - Baye, Francis Menjo; Fambon, Samuel (2009)
This paper examines empirical impacts of parental education on child health, and child health on economic well-being. Using Cameroon household Consumption survey data collected by the government statistics office in 2001 and a range of econometric methods, the existence of prominent spill-over effects linking parental literacy to better child health (weight-given age) is empirically validated, while controlling for other correlates. Results equally portray better child health as being significantly associated with high levels of production, surrogated by log of household total expenditures per adult – an observation attributable to complementary effects of child health on household economic well-being. The magnitudes of these influences vary by gender. Households headed by literate males appear more instrumental in seeking useful health practices than those by their female counterparts. This finding is attributable to the observation that female heads are typically single parents, while their male counterparts often work in synergy with their spouses when seeking healthcare technologies. Meanwhile, results linking child health to household production imply that female headed households would exploit the resulting extra-time, budgetary savings and peace of mind at work, because of better child health, to enhance economic well-being more effectively than those by their male counterparts. These results have implications for public interventions that enable women to take additional advantage of labour market/training opportunities as a means of improving household economic well-being. In addition, public expenditures on adult literacy/training programmes can have intergenerational implications for reproductive health, economic growth and household economic well-being.
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Knowledge and attitude of senior secondary school students in Benin City, Nigeria to sickle cell disease - Bazuaye, GN; Olayemi, Edeghonghon (2009)
Since the discovery of sickle cell disease by DR J.B. Herrick in 1904, the disease has been given several names by various tribes based on their understanding. In Nigeria about 30,000 children are born each year with sickle cell disease. There is no legislation in Nigeria on premarital screening and only about 63.6% of university students know their Haemoglobin genotype. This descriptive study was carried out from January to march 2007 with 850 senior secondary school students in the urban areas of Benin City. Analysed data showed that majority of the student were above 16yrs (54%), females (60.9%), Christians (94.9%), indigene of Edo (48%) and had educated parents (64.9% secondary and above). Only 32% of the respondent knew their genotype, 12.9% claimed ABO blood group for their Hb genotype, while 55.1% did not know their Hb genotype. Also only 18% of the respondent had some/correct idea about sickle cell disease, 36% of the students knew the importance of premarital Hb genotype and only 15.1% believes that the disease is curable.18% of the students will show wrong attitude including stigmatization towards patients with sickle cell disease. This study has shown that majority of the senior secondary school students are in the premarital phase. Majority of the students do not know their Hb genotype, have a poor understanding of the disease and some will stigmatize patients with sickle cell disease. We need to encourage the education of our student about the disease and encourage premarital Hb genotype screening even at a lower level of secondary school.
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Predictors of students′performance in the pre-clinical MBBS programme in a Nigerian University - Be, Egbewale; Adeeyo, OA; Ogunro, P S; Olowu, AO; Adeoti, ML; Adewole, T A (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
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The role of education in economic development : a study of NetTel@Africa in Tanzania - Beattie, Mark (2009)
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Issues and Challenges in Education in Africa: : The Need for a 'New' Teacher - Beckmann, Johan; Aluko, Folake Ruth (Teacher Education through Flexible Learning in Africa (TETFLE), 2009)
DETA CONFERENCE 2009 PROCEEDINGS Foreword The Distance Education and Teachers’ Training in Africa (DETA) Conference is a biennial conference that was initiated to provide a platform for educationists in Africa to meet and deliberate on educational issues in Africa. Since its inception, it has enabled educationists to exchange knowledge and enhance their capacity to engage with opportunities and challenges in education on the continent. DETA’s major objectives are to contribute to the debate on teacher training in Africa and to build capacity for the delivery of teacher training programmes in Africa. These objectives represent ways in which the conference can support NEPAD, various protocols on education and training in Africa, the Millennium Development Goals, and some of the recommendations of the All-Africa Education Ministers’ Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education. The conferences are co-hosted by the organisers and other educational institutions and organisations. The 3rd conference, co-hosted by the University of Pretoria, the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, and the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, was held at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana, from 3 to 6 August 2009. The theme was Issues and challenges in education in Africa – The need for a ‘new’ teacher. Subthemes included the following: - Distance education in teacher education - Teacher education, and curriculum studies and development - Special needs education and education management, law and policies, and technology in education in Africa - Mathematics and science education, language and literacy education, religious and moral education, and HIV and AIDS education More than 200 delegates from 14 African countries (Botswana, the DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and three other countries (Canada, the UK and the USA) attended the conference. Fifty papers were read.
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A Village without Borders: Umoja Programs Level the Playing Field for African-American Students. - Beebe, Anthony E.; Burgess, Terrence; Carroll, Constance M.; Charlens, Erin (Community College Journal, 2009)
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Reflections on teaching and implications for Higher Education in South Africa : an autobiographical account - Beets, Peter (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
According to Martin, Benjamin, Prosser, and Trigwell (1999), the scholarship associated with teaching consists of three related activities which integrate the key functions of higher education, namely engagement with the existing knowledge on teaching and learning; self-reflection on teaching and learning in one's discipline; and the public sharing of ideas about teaching and learning within the discipline. This article attempts to address these three aspects. In this account I reflect systematically on my teaching as it has developed over three decades. I reflect on my actions and those of my learners and later my students; I make careful judgments about my observations, while integrating insights gained from related research; I (re)evaluate the intended educational outcomes - all in an attempt developed a 'scholarship of teaching', but more specifically pedagogies that will optimize the learning of my students. These reflections, however, cannot be isolated from my lived experiences - those from my childhood, the teachings that I received, and the teaching in which I have been involved in the past. Likewise, my thinking about my thinking of and on teaching cannot be divorced from my role as a teacher educator and the local realities that teachers face. I will start my reflections by going back to my experiences in my first teaching post. This will be followed by reflections on my experience as a teacher educator in the former colleges of education, on my time at a provincial education department and then on my current teaching. I will end this narrative by attempting to synthesise my personal reflections against the background of my perceived academic task.
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Towards Integrated Assessment in South African Higher Education - Beets, Peter (2009)
Assessment defines what students regard as important, how they spend their time, and how they come to see themselves as students and then as graduates.It follows, then, that it is not the curriculum which shapes assessment, but assessment which shapes the curriculum and embodies the purposes of higher education.
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The functioning of accreditation in Ethiopia : a study focusing on the views of private higher education institutions - Bekele, Essete Abebe (2009)
Many higher education systems are undergoing transformations in the face of today‟s highly changing environment. One such change has to do with the establishment of external quality assurance systems. In Ethiopia, the number of private higher education institutions (HEIs) has increased significantly over the past decade. The government of Ethiopia has set up, as the main mechanism of overseeing the performance of private HEIs, an accreditation system. Higher education relevance and quality agency (HERQA) is the main agency appointed by the government to undertake the accreditation system. This study analyzes the functioning of the accreditation system in Ethiopian higher education with an emphasis on the opinions of private HEIs about the current accreditation methods and procedures. To explore this topic, the study draws on relevant literature to identify the rationality behind the set up of the Ethiopian accreditation system. Both quantitative and qualitative study approaches are used. In addition, questionnaires, document analysis and personal communication through email are used as the main data collection tools. The study shows that the Ethiopian accreditation system is more inclined to accountability rather than improvement. Moreover, the private HEIs identify delays, stringent standards, a focus on input and a general negative attitude held towards them as major weaknesses of the accreditation system. Nevertheless, the private HEIs concur that the accreditation system has to be implemented in Ethiopia to enhance the contribution of private higher education to the country‟s development goals.
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HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools a study of government bilingual high schools in Yaoundé, Cameroon - Bekeny, Yvonne (2009)
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Policy review on the level of attention given to forests for climate change adaptation : Some observations from Cameroon - Bele, Mekou Youssoufa; Somorin, Olufunso A.; Sonwa, D.J.; Nkem, Johnson; Locatelli, Bruno (2009)
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Medical education in Libya: The challenges - Benamer, Hani Ts; Bakoush, Omran (Medical Teacher, 2009)
The history of medical education in Libya spans over a period of 40 years. Medical schools had a good and promising start in the 1970s. The graduates of the first few classes had a good impact on the health services in Libya. However, the medical schools did not embrace the immense changes that medical education experienced over the last two decades. This article aims to give a background on the medical education in Libya and explore the challenges facing it, which may help in gaining the initial momentum that seems to have been lost.
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Long-Term Partners for Serving Los Angeles' African American and Latino Students: USC's Center for Urban Education and Los Angeles Southwest College - Bensimon, Estela Mara; Dowd, Alicia C.; Daniels, Jack E.; Bensimon, Mara (2009)
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Weather-index drought insurance in Burkina-Faso: assessment of its potential interest to farmers using historical data - Berg, Alexis; Quirion, Philippe; Sultan, Benjamin (2009)
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Signalling performance: An analysis of continuous assessment and matriculation examination marks in South Africa schools - Berg, Servaas van der (2009)
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MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INTRODUCING ICT INTO THE INSTRUCTION OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS, AND EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES IN THE THREE MIDDLE SCHOOL LEVELS IN MOROCCO - Berrado, Abdelaziz; Darhmaoui, H.; Asli, Abdelghani El; Legrouri, A.; Loudiyi, Khalid; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Ouardaoui, Abdelkarim; Sendide, Khalid; Smith, K. (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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South African Child Gauge 2008/2009: children and education - Berry, Lizette; Hall, Katharine; Lake, Lori; Marera, Domnic; Pendlebury, Shirley; Smith, C. B. (2009)
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RAINWATER HARVESTING AS A LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY IN THE DROUGHT-PRONE AREAS OF THE AMHARA REGION OF ETHIOPIA - Bewket, Woldeamlak (2009)
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Disability Equality Rights In South Africa: Concepts, Interpretation And The Transformation Imperative - Bhabha, Faisal (South African Journal on Human Rights, 2009)
The Bill of Rights expressly prohibits unfair discrimination on the basis of disability, however the Constitutional Court has not yet addressed the meaning or scope of disability equality. This article seeks to develop an indigenous model of conceptualising and interpreting equality for people with disabilities in South Africa. It draws from scholarship that has emerged from the global disability studies movement, and incorporates contemporary thinking about disability rights as a core component of international human rights. The article adopts the purposive, generous and inter-dependent approach of the Constitutional Court to interpreting the provisions of the Bill of Rights. The model of equality used in the article grows out of the transformative imperatives embodied in key legal instruments, prioritising the enhancement of capabilities, the realisation of self-worth and individual potential, the preservation of human dignity and the promotion of individual and collective self-determination. Pivotal in this analysis is a conception of equality that understands difference as not necessarily a basis of disadvantage, but as a source of richness and inherent value. Constitutional and statutory instruments provide the legal tools for pursuing a project of transformation in disability equality. They outline more than just an aspiration of equality, but create positive rights, provide access to remedies and establish an institutional framework for monitoring and enforcement. In exploring how the concept of disability, as a ground of equality protection, can be developed and applied, the article also seeks to promote a programme of broader societal transformation for people with disabilities.
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Disability Equality Rights in South Africa: Concepts, Interpretation and the Transformation Imperative - Bhabha, Faisal (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
The Bill of Rights expressly prohibits unfair discrimination on the basis of disability; however the Constitutional Court has not yet addressed the meaning or scope of disability equality. This article seeks to develop an indigenous model of conceptualizing and interpreting equality for people with disabilities in South Africa. It draws form scholarship that has emerged from the global disability studies movement, and incorporates contemporary thinking about disability rights as a core component of international human rights. The article adopts the purposive, generous and inter-dependent approach of the Constitutional Court to interpreting the provisions of the Bill of Rights. The model of equality used in the article grows out of the transformative imperatives embodied in key legal instruments, prioritizing the enhancement of capabilities, the realization of self-worth and individual potential, the preservation of human dignity and the promotion of individual and collective self-determination. Pivotal in the analysis is a conception of equality that understands difference as not necessarily a basis of disadvantage, but as a source of richness and inherent value. Constitutional and statutory instruments provide the legal tools for pursuing a project of transformation in disability equality. They outline more than just an aspiration of equality, but create positive rights, provide access to remedies and establish an institutional framework for monitoring and enforcement. In exploring how the concept of disability, as a ground of equality protection, can be developed and applied, the article also seeks to promote a programme of broader societal transformation for people with disabilities.
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Coaches and parents as sources of positive youth development : Caucasian and African American girls' life skills learning through sport - Bhalla, Jennifer A. (2009)
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Gender and Education in Developing Contexts: Postcolonial Reflections on Africa - Bhana, Deevia; Morrell, Robert; Pattman, Rob (2009)
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Veterinary education in South Africa at a crossroad - Bigalke, R.D. (Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 2009)
There recently has been legitimate criticism, by especially the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, that the research output of the Onderstepoort Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Pretoria is inadequate and that there is overtraining of aspiring veterinarians. The inverse relationship between these deficiencies is obvious. A quantum curricular leap is essential if any serious attempt is to be made to address them. This leap firstly should entail much more teaching of basic principles, as contained in basic sciences such as genetics and evolution, ecology and epidemiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology and their mother subjects of physics, chemistry and zoology, and encouraging the many gifted students, of which the Faculty has an oversupply, to work out the details of the applied veterinary subjects for themselves. This would not only facilitate the development of a research culture in the students but also make much more research time available for the teaching staff. Although greatest exposure of undergraduates to research invariably occurs whilst they are studying basic sciences, involvement in active research should be mandatory. Active research results in exposure to role-models and wetting of research appetites, both powerful incentives for selecting a research career and establishing a research culture. Three examples illustrate the crucial practical importance of knowledge of basic subjects such as genetics and evolution for veterinary and other medically orientated sciences and show why a research ethos is so important to modern veterinary science.
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Achievement goals, engagement and achievement of African American and White middle school students - Billotti, Shari (2009)
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Expressions of traditional wisdom: what Africa can teach the world today - Binsbergen, Wim van (2009)
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Challenges and opportunities for African agriculture and food security: high food prices, climate change, population growth, and HIV and AIDS. - Binswanger, Hans P. (2009)
Over the past decade, economic and agricultural growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has resumed. The secular downward trend in agricultural prices ended in the early 1990s; growing incomes in Asia and Africa, combined with continued rapid population growth, are fueling food demand, which is expected to lead to a gradual upward trend in international real agricultural prices. For Africa the major agricultural growth opportunities will be in regional and domestic markets for food staples. Economic and agricultural growth have resumed despite continued high population, the AIDS crisis, and the onset of measurable climate change. Climate change will provide both challenges and opportunities, and countries need to strengthen their general capacities to deal with stresses and weather shocks in line with general agricultural development priorities. Population growth adds to the challenge of increasing per capita income and feeding Africa. It will also drive further agricultural intensification and in many place has led to improvements, rather than deterioration in the natural resource base. The fight against HIV and AIDS in rural areas is lagging badly and will need to be intensified via participatory approaches to prevention, expansion of HIV and AIDS treatment to rural areas, and massive improvements in rural safety nets. To seize the agricultural growth opportunities that derive from recent policy and price trends, SSA will have to support economic growth via continued sound macroeconomic policies, further improvements in the investment climate, and investments in infrastructure and institutions. More specifically in the agricultural sector, SSA will have to (i) further reduce agricultural dis-protection in countries and commodities that still practice it; (ii) reduce barriers to intra-regional trade in food and other agricultural commodities and properly finance the regional institutions that support regional trade, quality and phyto-sanitary controls, and other regional agricultural public goods; (iii) sharply increase domestic and regional funding of agricultural science, science education, and research; and thereby regain the technology agenda from the donors; and (iv) assist in the deepening of domestic markets and foster sharp improvements in smallholder services. 1 Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize is Professor Extraordinaire at the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation at the Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. I am grateful to Alex McCalla for his collaboration on the research that is partly reflected in this paper, and to the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the African Development Bank who supported us. And I am indebted to Ira Matuschke for great editorial support. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2 FAO Expert meeting on How to feed the World in 2050
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EVALUATING AND ASSESSING DATA QUALITY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN EDUCATION SECTOR - Bisgard, Jay C.; Michael, Andrew J.; Ravenscroft, G.; Fridjhon, P.; Patel, Fay (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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Cheating Tendency in Examinations among Secondary School Students in Nigeria: A Case Study of Schools in the Odukpani Local Government Area, Cross River State - Bisong, Nonso; Akpama, Felicia; Edet, Pauline B. (Policy futures in education (Online), 2009)
This study is designed to examine cheating tendency among secondary school students in Nigeria, with evidence from schools in the Odukpani Local Government Area of Cross River State. A total of 331 respondents in Senior Secondary 3 classes were randomly selected from 10 post-primary schools in the area. A survey questionnaire was used to elicit information on cheating tendency, the level of supervision, forms of cheating behaviour, and gender influence on cheating tendency. The data were analysed using percentages and chi-square statistics to highlight mean differences with respect to the identified variables. The results revealed some levels of statistically significant differences in respect of cheating tendencies on the identified variables. Based on these findings, it is recommended that an ethical reorientation programme, combined with the implementation of a stiff penalty, will reduce cheating tendency in all levels of the Nigerian educational system.
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Higher Education in South Africa - A scholarly look behind the scenes - Bitzer, Eli (2009)
CITATION: Bitzer, E. (ed). 2009. Higher Education in South Africa – A scholarly look behind the scenes. Stellenbosch: SUN MeDIA. doi:10.18820/9781920338183.
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Prevalence of urinary schistosomosis among school aged pupils in Maiduguri, Nigeria - Biu, A. A.; Akpan, MA (2009)
This study on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in primary/nursery school children in Maiduguri was conducted in September, 2006. A total of 300 urine samples were examined using the sedimentation technique, which revealed an overall prevalence of 5.7% made up of 12(6.3%) males and 5(4.6%) females (p>0.05).Age groups of 4-7 years, >7-12 years, and >12-15 years had 2 (4.1%); 6 (4.3%); and 9 (8.2%) respectively (p of the disease was low in this study but medically significant. Consequently, efforts for containment should be emphasized among the pupils.
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Prevalence of ascariasis among patients attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Biu, A. A.; Fatima, Kaniz (2009)
A study on human ascariasis amongst patients attending University of Maiduguri, Teaching Hospital between January 2000 and September, 2004 was conducted using the formal -ether concentration method. Of the 6868 patients stool examined 108 (1.6%) were infected with (58.3%) as male and (41.7%) as female (p>0.05). Ages between 5- 15 and 16-25 years were most infected represented as (33.3%) and (55.6%) respectively. The disease could be described as endemic since it was recorded throughout the five year period of this study. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Teaching Business in Tanzania: Evaluating Participation and Performance - Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Tungodden, Bertil (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
There is increased awareness that success among small scale entrepreneurs in developing countries requires more than microfinance, and that an important limiting factor for business growth is the level of human capital among the entrepreneurs. The present paper uses a randomized control trial to evaluate a business training program in Tanzania. Our results show that there is a positive average treatment effect on business knowledge. It also appears that training has a stronger effect on the entrepreneurs with less formal education. Paradoxically, these entrepreneurs are also less consistent in their participation in the training program. An important implication from our study is therefore that when providing business training, special care should be given to ensure high participation rates.
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Critical Race Theory: A Framework to Study the Early Reading Intervention Strategies for Primary Teachers Working with African American Male Students. - Blair, Carlos L. (2009)
CRITICAL RACE THEORY: A FRAMEWORK TO STUDY THE EARLY READING INTERVENTION STRATEGIES OF PRIMARY GRADE TEACHERS WORKING WITH AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE STUDENTS
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A holistic Learner-centred interpretation model for South African Education as an Interdisciplinary Social Science - Blignaut, A. Seugnet; Toit, Charlene Du; Christo, J. (2009)
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Agriculture production's sensitivity to changes in climate in South Africa - Blignaut, James Nelson; Ueckermann, Liza; Aronson, James (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
South Africa in general has been approximately 2% hotter and at least 6% drier over the ten years between 1997 and 2006 compared to the 1970s. The use of water has also increased greatly over this same period. By 2000, 98.6% of that year's surface water yield and 41% of the annual utilisable potential of groundwater was allocated to use. Irrigation agriculture, comprising 60% of total consumption, is by far the largest single consumer of water. Given these climatic and water use changes as a backdrop, we employed a panel data econometric model to estimate how sensitive the nation's agriculture may be to changes in rainfall. Net agricultural income in the provinces, contributing 10% or more to total production of both field crops and horticulture, is likely to be negatively affected by a decline in rainfall, especially rain-fed agriculture. For the country as a whole, each 1% decline in rainfall is likely to lead to a 1.1% decline in the production of maize (a summer grain) and a 0.5% decline in winter wheat. These results are discussed with respect to both established and emerging farmers, and the type of agriculture that should be favoured or phased out in different parts of the country, in view of current and projected trends in climate, increasing water use, and declining water availability.
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The Political Economy of IMF and World Bank Interventions: Is Tunisia Really a Model Student? - Blin, Myriam (2009)
Since it adopted stabilisation and structural reforms in 1986 under the International Monetary Fund and World Bank auspices, Tunisia has been hailed as a model student. The country has never defaulted on its debt repayment, has managed to sustain a healthy growth rate, has stabilised its macroeconomic indicators, and substantially reduced poverty rates (Lamloun and Hibou 2002). Compared to Tunisia most of the rest of the MENA region seems to have had somewhat disappointing results after implementing Structural Adjustment Programmes (Dasgupta et al 2001, Nabli and Veganzones-Varoudakis 2007).
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Students Misconceptions about Light in Algeria - Blizak, Djanette; Chafiqi, F.; Kendil, D. (Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, 2009)
Physics education research has shown that students have difficulties in learning essential optics concepts.Therefore, in this present work we deal with student’s conceptions in geometrical optics field. Our objective is to show the Algerian students misconceptions. We proposed to 246 students in first year university (aged 18–21) a closed questionnaire where most of its questions were already used by other researchers. The misunderstandings identified were compared with those in literature.The results show that our students have the same misconceptions, related to the propagation of the light, the vision, the refraction and the reflexion, as the students in other countries (Andersson, Çiğdem ŞAHİN, Galili, Goldberg, Viennot,…).We investigate new students “misconception” concerning the propagation of the light in the vacuum.
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The Education Roadmap in South Africa - Bloch, Graeme (2009)
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STAFF DEVELOPMENT AS AN INTERVENTION STRATEGY FOR TEACHER PROFESSIONAL GROWTH IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE EASTERN FREE STATE OF SOUTH AFRICA - Boaduo, Nana Adu-Pipim; Milondzo, Khazamula Samson (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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Free Primary Education in Kenya: Enrolment, Achievement and Local Accountability. - Bold, Tessa; Sandefur, Justin; Kimenyi, Mwangi S.; Mwabu, Germano (2009)
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Perceptions of faculty and students of important influences on the classroom learning of African American students at predominately White institutions - Bonaparte, Eric Stanley (2009)
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African Americans' Continuing Struggle for Quality Education in Milwaukee, Wisconsin - Bonds, Michael; Farmer-Hinton, Raquel L.; Epps, Edgar G. (Journal of Negro Education, 2009)
This article summarizes African Americans' ongoing struggle for quality education in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by utilizing school district data and secondary sources. The historic integration effort in the Milwaukee Public Schools system is outlined and the impact of sustained segregation, in the midst of significant changes to Milwaukee's social and economic context, is discussed. The historic integration movement and the social and economic context are used to contextualize and critique current racially segregated choice programs, which have been touted as remedies for inferior educational opportunities in Milwaukee. Theoretically, the Negro needs neither segregated nor mixed schools. What he needs is education. What he must remember that there is no magic either in mixed schools or in segregated schools. A mixed school with poor and unsympathetic teachers with hostile public opinion and no teaching concerning Black folk is bad. (Du Bois, 1935, p. 335) The desire for equal educational opportunity is a long-standing feature of African American communities (Anderson, 1988; Walker, 1996). Unfortunately, their quest for equal educational opportunity has not been realized. From legally segregated schools that offered inferior facilities and resources to modern-day resegregated schools that also offer subpar facilities and resources, African American children have continually faced unequal opportunities to learn (Anyon, 1997; Caldas & Bankston, 2007; Mirel, 1993; Orfield & Eaton, 1996). In spite of its good intentions, the implementation of the decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which ordered the dismantling of the legal system supporting the segregation of schools, did not lead to sustained integration of most school systems and, ultimately, much of its early impact has been negated by White resistance and White flight from the central cities of large urban metropolitan areas (Caldas & Bankston, 2007; Orfield & Eaton, 1996). Without resolving the problem of unequal educational opportunity, the educational vestiges of urban school districts' segregationist pasts continue to invade its contemporary school systems (Anyon, 1997; FarmerHinton, 2002; Ladson-Billings, 2006; Weiler, 1998). The inability to effectively address educational vestiges is particularly harmful considering the impact of deindustrialization and concentrated poverty on urban communities (Anyon, 1997; Farmer-Hinton, 2002). In fact, Ladson-Billings (2006) argued that our generational divestment of equal schooling opportunities, equal school funding, social justice, and social responsibility from African American communities is the core reason for current achievement disparities. She goes on to argue that the continual refusal to acknowledge the impact of this generational divestment will only lead to further misguided attempts to provide educational opportunities for African American communities (Ladson-Billings, 2006). Market-based school reforms, which use choice and competition as the basis to improve schools, are reflective of these misguided reforms that mask the inherent problem of educational vestiges and unequal educational opportunities (Berliner & Biddle, 1995; Wells, 2002). In this article, the authors draw on school district data and secondary sources to discuss the on-going struggle for equal educational opportunity in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This study is organized by three themes that reflect this struggle. The first theme is the perpetuation of school segregation, which summarizes the historic integration effort in the Milwaukee Public School (MPS) system. The second theme discussed is the changing Milwaukee landscape, which reflects how the shifting social and economic conditions further complicated the historic lack of educational opportunity in Milwaukee. The third theme discussed is veiled opportunities, which outlines and critiques current school choice policies that are disguised as opportunities for African American students. …
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Growth and population dynamics of ABC species in response to climate change in Ethiopia - Bongers, Frans; Sass‐Klaassen, Ute; Sterck, Frank J.; Feyissa, Motuma Tolera (2009)
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