Patterns of Drug Abuse in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya - Ndetei, David M.; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Mutiso, Victoria; Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca; Kokonya, Donald (Substance abuse, 2009)
The objective of this study was to establish the association between substance abuse and the sociodemographic characteristics of secondary school students. All the students of 17 randomly stratified public secondary schools in Nairobi were required to complete self-administered sociodemographic and the School Toolkit questionnaires in a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Nearly all (96.6%; 1252/1296) the students, comprising more males (62.5%) than females, completed all the items on the questionnaires. Their mean age was 17 years. Alcohol and cigarette use were common and began as early as before age 11. No significant correlation was found between fathers' education and substance abuse. Mothers' education had a significant but negative correlation. There were increased rates of substance abuse compared to past surveys. Campaigns against drug use should include those aged 11 years and should focus on education on the dangers of alcohol and tobacco use, as these are gateways to use of other drugs.
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Psychosocial and Health Aspects of Drug Use by Students in Public Secondary Schools in Nairobi, Kenya - Ndetei, David M.; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Mutiso, Victoria; Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca; Kokonya, Donald (Substance abuse, 2009)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of family, psychosocial, health, demographic, and behavioral characteristics on regular drug use. All the students of 17 randomly stratified public secondary schools in Nairobi were required to complete self-administered sociodemographic and the Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised (DUSI-R) questionnaires in a cross-sectional descriptive study. All the 1328 students, of whom 58.9% were male, responded to all the questions, giving a response rate of 100%. The mean age of the respondents was 16 years and 78.1% were in boarding school. One third (33.9%) scored positively for substance abuse. Significant correlations were found between several domains of substance abuse and school, class, mode of school attendance, age, and gender. Students abusing drugs have multiple comorbidity of medical, psychological, and social pathologies. There are evidence-based intervention entry points for drug abuse that go beyond mere impartation on knowledge about the harmful effects of drugs.
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Culture and climate change nexus: The case of Ghana - Nsiah, Michael Kofi (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Culture and climate change nexus: The case of Ghana - Nsiah, Michael Kofi (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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A global "School for Surgeons" could help bridge the Healthcare Human Resource Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa - Oduor; Ogendo, Stephen; Ogendo, Stephen (2009)
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Potential impacts of climate changes on the availability of water resources in the basin of Okpara in Benin (West Africa) - Ogouwale, Romaric; Totin, H; Boko, M (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Potential impacts of climate changes on the availability of water resources in the basin of Okpara in Benin (West Africa) - Ogouwale, Romaric; Totin, Henri; Boko, Michel (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Effectiveness of public communication campaigns in promoting adaptation to climate change in Africa - Okaka, Wilson (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Effectiveness of public communication campaigns in promoting adaptation to climate change in Africa - Okaka, Wilson (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Library and Information Needs and Barriers to the Use of Information Sources by Continuing Education Students at the University of Botswana - Oladokun, Olugbade; Aina, L.O. (Information Development, 2009)
A study to determine the library and information needs of 80 continuing education students of the University of Botswana pursuing Diploma in Accounting and Business Studies was carried out in two locations in Botswana, with the objectives of identifying the library and information needs of the part-time evening students; identifying the barriers to the use of information sources; and establishing the extent of knowledge of computing and information skills by the part-time evening students. The findings reveal that major areas of information need related to course of study: job opportunities; career development and further education after diploma programme. The study also reveals that the University of Botswana Library does not adequately cater for the library and information needs of the students. The study recommends that the University of Botswana Library should ask for a space in the local public library, a secondary school or any school library to keep some materials for their use, that the University should negotiate access to and/or install computer with Internet facilities for them in a local library and lastly, the University Library or its branch should run a mobile library that would visit the satellite centres occasionally.
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Risk communication in climate change and adaptation: Policy issues and challenges for Nigeria - Olorunfemi, Felix (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Risk communication in climate change and adaptation: Policy issues and challenges for Nigeria - Olorunfemi, Felix (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Climate change, urban vulnerability and disasters: A preliminary analysis of selected Nigerian cities - Olorunfemi, Felix; Gbadegesin, A; Raheem, U (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Climate change, urban vulnerability and disasters: A preliminary analysis of selected Nigerian cities - Olorunfemi, Felix; Gbadegesin, Adeniyi; Raheem, Usman A. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Inter-ethnic relations and adaptation to climate change in a small West African village - Østergaard, Jonas (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Inter-ethnic relations and adaptation to climate change in a small West African village - Østergaard, Jonas (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Will the native fruit tree Parkia Biglobosa remain adapted in the West African parklands? Preparing for the future climate - Ouadraogo, M; Ræbild, Anders; Kjær, Erik Dahl (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Will the native fruit tree Parkia Biglobosa remain adapted in the West African parklands? Preparing for the future climate - Ouadraogo, M; Ræbild, Anders; Kjær, Erik Dahl (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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African fisheries to be hit hardest by climate change - Pearce, Fred (New Scientist, 2009)
The world food crisis is forcing the planet's poor to rely more on fish but a combination of climate change and unsustainable fishing could wipe out this vital source of protein
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gender-Based Violence Committed by Male College Students in Awassa, Ethiopia - Philpart, Marc; Goshu, Miruts; Gelaye, Bizu; Williams, Michelle A.; Berhane, Yemane (Violence & Victims, 2009)
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Freshwater conservation and climate change adaptation – a case study of the Great Ruaha River Catchment in Tanzania - Rajabu, K; Kashaisili, Japhet; Masolwa, P (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Freshwater conservation and climate change adaptation – a case study of the Great Ruaha River Catchment in Tanzania - Rajabu, Kossa R.M.; Kashaisili, Japhet; Masolwa, Petro (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Climate change and water resource management in the Senegal River basin - Rasmussen, Kjeld; Stisen, S; Christensen, Jeppe Hagstrup; Sandholt, I (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Climate change and water resource management in the Senegal River basin - Rasmussen, Kjeld; Stisen, Simon; Christensen, Jens Hesselbjerg; Sandholt, Inge (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Acute ethanol impairs photic and nonphotic circadian phase resetting in the Syrian hamster - Ruby, Christina L.; Prosser, Rebecca A.; DePaul, Marc A.; Roberts, Randy J.; Glass, John D. (American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2009)
Disrupted circadian rhythmicity is associated with ethanol (EtOH) abuse, yet little is known about how EtOH affects the mammalian circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Clock timing is regulated by photic and nonphotic inputs to the SCN involving glutamate release from the retinohypothalamic tract and serotonin (5-HT) from the midbrain raphe, respectively. Our recent in vitro studies in the SCN slice revealed that EtOH blocks photic phase-resetting action of glutamate and enhances the nonphotic phase-resetting action of the 5-HT 1A,7 agonist, 8-OH-DPAT. To explore the basis of these effects in the whole animal, we used microdialysis to characterize the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal injection of EtOH in the hamster SCN extracellular fluid compartment and then studied the effects of such EtOH treatment on photic and serotonergic phase resetting of the circadian locomotor activity rhythm. Peak EtOH levels (∼50 mM) from a 2 g/kg injection occurred within 20–40 min with a half-life of ∼3 h. EtOH treatment dose-dependently attenuated photic phase advances but had no effect on phase delays and, contrary to in vitro findings, markedly attenuated 8-OH-DPAT-induced phase advances. In a complementary experiment using reverse microdialysis to deliver a timed SCN perfusion of EtOH during a phase-advancing light pulse, the phase advances were blocked, similar to systemic EtOH treatment. These results are evidence that acute EtOH significantly affects photic and nonphotic phase-resetting responses critical to circadian clock regulation. Notably, EtOH inhibition of photic signaling is manifest through direct action in the SCN. Such actions could underlie the disruption of circadian rhythmicity associated with alcohol abuse.
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A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ON ENGINEERING EDUCATION IMPERATIVES - Sandenbergh, Roelof F (2009)
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Linking climate change and urbanization in Kano Metropolis and environs in the Sudano-Sahelian Belt of Nigeria - Sanni, D; Okhimamhe, A. A. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
This paper presents the preliminary results of a study linking urbanization to the changes being observed in the climate of Kano Metropolis and environs.Kano is regarded as one of the ancient "ports" of the Sahara in the core region of Hausaland (Udo 1970), an open city characterized by "great concentration of rural population involved in intense farming and dominance of groundnuts in the rural economy".It is located in the heart of a belt experiencing increasing incidences of droughts and desertification, which would definitely be exacerbated by climate change.Using LANDSAT images and climate data (temperature and rainfall), extent of urban growth was determined and the interconnection between this growth and the changing climate was discussed, while the implication on human health, among others was highlighted.
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Linking climate change and urbanization in Kano Metropolis and environs in the Sudano-Sahelian Belt of Nigeria - Sanni, David Olabanjo; Okhimamhe, A. A. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
This paper presents the preliminary results of a study linking urbanization to the changes being observed in the climate of Kano Metropolis and environs.Kano is regarded as one of the ancient "ports" of the Sahara in the core region of Hausaland (Udo 1970), an open city characterized by "great concentration of rural population involved in intense farming and dominance of groundnuts in the rural economy".It is located in the heart of a belt experiencing increasing incidences of droughts and desertification, which would definitely be exacerbated by climate change.Using LANDSAT images and climate data (temperature and rainfall), extent of urban growth was determined and the interconnection between this growth and the changing climate was discussed, while the implication on human health, among others was highlighted.
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Factors that impede the formation of basic scientific concepts during teacher training in Ghana - Sarfo, Solomon (2009)
There has been some concern in Ghana regarding teacher trainees’ low understanding of basic science concepts. This study was conducted in colleges of education in the Ashanti region of Ghana with the purpose of identifying factors that accounted for the teacher trainees’ low understanding of basic scientific concepts and appropriate strategies needed to address this problem. Questionnaires were administered to 80 teacher trainees from four colleges in Ghana to find out their background in science, their attitude towards science, their interest in science and the use of teaching and learning materials in science lessons. These questionnaires also sought to find out the teacher trainees’ study techniques and their recommendations for the improvement of teaching and learning of science. In addition, we attended lessons received by teacher trainees and observed teaching strategies in these classes. This was followed by analysis of the questionnaires. We found that the teacher trainees’ poor background in science, inflexible teaching methods they received in their science lessons, such as lecturing and provision of pointers to correct answers by their lectures, insufficient use of media integration in science lessons and teacher trainees’ poor attitudes towards science learning were some of the factors contributing to this state of affairs. We then recommended that teacher trainees be given activities which included reading assignments, involving them in laboratory work, media integration and by guiding teacher trainees by providing them with plausible explanations with evidence to help the trainees to reject their prior misconceptions.
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Scenarios of agricultural land-use change in Africa under changing climate conditions - Schaldach, Rüdiger; Alcamo, Joseph; Koch, Jennifer; Lapola, David M. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Scenarios of agricultural land-use change in Africa under changing climate conditions - Schaldach, Rüdiger; Alcamo, Joseph; Koch, Jennifer; Lapola, David M. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Global climate change and sustainable water management for energy production in the Niger Basin of Nigeria - Sola, Attah Peter; Adeniran, J G (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Global climate change and sustainable water management for energy production in the Niger Basin of Nigeria - Sola, Attah Peter; Adeniran, J G (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Carbon stock in smallholder chocolate forest in southern Cameroon and potential role in climate change mitigation - Sonwa, D.J.; Weise, Stéphan; Nkongmeneck, Bernard‐Aloys; Tchatat, M.; Janssens, Marc J. J. (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Carbon stock in smallholder chocolate forest in southern Cameroon and potential role in climate change mitigation - Sonwa, D.J.; Weise, Stéphan; Nkongmeneck, Bernard‐Aloys; Tchatat, M.; Janssens, Marc J. J. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Using climate information for priority setting and to target risk management and adaptation strategies in Africa - Stees, Jeannette van de; Kinyangi, J; Notenbaert, A; Thornton, P; Herrero, M (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Using climate information for priority setting and to target risk management and adaptation strategies in Africa - Stees, Jeannette van de; Kinyangi, James; Notenbaert, An Maria Omer; Thornton, Philip K.; Herrero, Mario (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Potential impacts of climate change on snail-borne disease in sub-Saharan Africa – b) experiences from sub-Saharan Africa - Stensgaard, Anna‐Sofie; Kristensen, T K; Rahbek, C; Møhlenberg, F (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Potential impacts of climate change on snail-borne disease in sub-Saharan Africa – b) experiences from sub-Saharan Africa - Stensgaard, Anna‐Sofie; Kristensen, Troels; Rahbek, Carsten; Møhlenberg, Flemming (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Combined effects of temperature due to e.g. climate change and endocrine disruptors on sex steroid titres in the African frog, Xenopus laevis - Styrishave, Bjarne; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Hansen, Martin; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Halling-Sørensen, Bent (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Combined effects of temperature due to e.g. climate change and endocrine disruptors on sex steroid titres in the African frog, Xenopus laevis - Styrishave, Bjarne; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Hansen, Martin; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Halling-Sørensen, Bent (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Education reform in Botswana: reflections on policy contradictions and paradoxes - Tabulawa, Richard (Comparative Education, 2009)
Literature on globalisation claims that changed global patterns of production and industrial organisation have intensified international economic competition, prompting nations globally to restructure their education systems in an attempt to position themselves favourably in an increasingly competitive economic environment. This is an environment that now requires a new kind of worker, what Castells terms the self‐programmable worker. This has put education under pressure to produce the learner‐equivalent of the self‐programmable worker. This self‐programmable learner is characterised by such psychosocial traits as independence of thought, innovativeness, creativity and flexibility. Botswana's Revised National Policy on Education (RNPE) of 1994 represents the country's response to globalisation. It purports to produce the self‐programmable learner for an economy undergoing rapid transformation. In this paper I take a critical view of the policy's intent. By analysing two of its central constructs (pre‐vocational preparation strategy and the behaviourist model adopted in the review of the curriculum), upon which the production of the self‐programmable learner hinges, I conclude that it is unlikely that the preferred learner would be produced. The two constructs are identified as paradoxes in that their effects are most likely to be the opposite of what is intended.
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Simulation of forest vulnerability to land use land cover and climate change in Ghana - Tachie-Obeng, E; Idinoba, Monica; Nkem, J (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Simulation of forest vulnerability to land use land cover and climate change in Ghana - Tachie-Obeng, E.; Idinoba, Monica; Nkem, Johnson (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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The Al Hoceima (Morocco) earthquake of 24 February 2004, analysis and interpretation of data from ENVISAT ASAR and SPOT5 validated by ground-based observations - Tahayt, Abdelilah; Feigl, K. L.; Mourabit, Taoufik; Rigo, Alexis; Reilinger, R. E.; McClusky, S.; Fadil, A.; Berthier, Étienne; Dorbath, L.; Serroukh, M.; Gomez, Francisco; Sari, D. Ben (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009)
The magnitude Mw = 6.3 earthquake in Al Hoceima, Morocco of 24 February, 2004 occurred in the active plate boundary accommodating the oblique convergence between Africa and Eurasia. Three different sets of estimates of its source parameters have already been published. We try to resolve the discrepancies between them by using additional data including two remote sensing satellite systems (ENVISAT and SPOT5). Using a model with a dislocation in an elastic half-space, we constrain the source parameters. The hypothesis of two subevents on distinct faults as inferred from seismological inversions is confirmed here by adopting a cross-fault mechanism. The rupture began on a left-lateral strike-slip fault striking at N10° azimuth with 90 cm of horizontal slip and then transferred to a right-lateral strike-slip fault striking at N312° azimuth with 85 cm of horizontal slip. The first fault is at 500 m depth from the free surface and the second fault is at 3 km depth. This model is consistent with ground-based observations, including GPS, seismology, and mapped surface fissures. The pair of faults activated in 2004 appears to constitute part of a complex seismogenic structure striking NNE–SSW that separates the Rif tectonic blocks.
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Can groundwater enable communities in sub-Saharan Africa to adapt to predicted impacts of climate change on freshwater resources? - Taylor, Richard G.; Tindimugaya, Callist (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Can groundwater enable communities in sub-Saharan Africa to adapt to predicted impacts of climate change on freshwater resources? - Taylor, Richard G.; Tindimugaya, Callist (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Climate change and agricultural production – analysis of interrelationship and evaluation of food security in coastal area of Benin - Teka, Oscar; Mallick, Bishawjit; Vogt, Joachim (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Climate change and agricultural production – analysis of interrelationship and evaluation of food security in coastal area of Benin - Teka, Oscar; Mallick, Bishawjit; Vogt, Joachim (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Developing new adaptation strategies to climate change in Ghana: the potential of underutilized bamboo resources - Tekpetey, Stephen Lartey; Quartey, G A; Tekpetey, R (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Developing new adaptation strategies to climate change in Ghana: the potential of underutilized bamboo resources - Tekpetey, Stephen Lartey; Quartey, G A; Tekpetey, R (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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The Pursuit of Postsecondary Education: A Comparison of First Nations, African, Asian, and European Canadian Youth* - Thiessen, Victor (Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 2009)
Utilisant l'Enquête auprès des jeunes en transition (EJET), sondage longitudinal nationalement représentatif, l'auteur examine l'argument voulant que les résultats éducationnels inférieurs de diverses minorités visibles et d'immigrants seraient attribués à leurs désavantages socioéconomiques, tandis que les résultats supérieurs des autres minorités visibles auraient pour cause leur soutien culturel. Les analyses rapportent des inégalités non négligeables dans le parcours pédagogique des Premières nations, des minorités visibles et des immigrants. Cependant, ni leur emplacement structurel ni leurs attributs culturels (ni les deux ensemble) n'expliquent entièrement les différences de leur parcours pédagogique ni ne peuvent être réduits à un simple modèle dans lequel les désavantages structurels détermineraient les résultats inférieurs et les facteurs culturels les supérieurs. Using the nationally representative longitudinal Youth in Transition Survey, this paper examines the argument that inferior educational outcomes of various visible minorities and immigrants can be attributed to their socio‐economic disadvantages, while superior outcomes of other visible minorities is due to their cultural supports. The analyses document sizeable inequalities in educational pathways of First Nations, visible minorities, and immigrants. However, neither structural location nor cultural attributes (nor both in conjunction) totally account for differences in their educational pathways nor can they be reduced to a simple pattern whereby structural disadvantages account for inferior pathways and cultural factors for superior ones.
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Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa - Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Alagarswamy, G.; Andresen, Jeff (Global Environmental Change, 2009)
There is general consensus that the impacts of climate change on agriculture will add significantly to the development challenges of ensuring food security and reducing poverty, particularly in Africa. While these changes will influence agriculture at a broad scale, regional or country-level assessments can miss critical detail. We use high-resolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for a combination of different future emission scenarios and climate models to drive detailed simulation models of the maize and bean crops. For the East African region, there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in this crop response. We evaluate the response of maize and beans to a changing climate, as a prelude to detailed targeting of options that can help smallholder households adapt. The results argue strongly against the idea of large, spatially contiguous development domains for identifying and implementing adaptation options, particularly in regions with large variations in topography and current average temperatures. Rather, they underline the importance of localised, community-based efforts to increase local adaptive capacity, take advantage of changes that may lead to increased crop and livestock productivity where this is possible, and to buffer the situations where increased stresses are likely.
Keywords: openalex:import

Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa - Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Alagarswamy, G.; Andresen, Jeff (Global Environmental Change, 2009)
There is general consensus that the impacts of climate change on agriculture will add significantly to the development challenges of ensuring food security and reducing poverty, particularly in Africa. While these changes will influence agriculture at a broad scale, regional or country-level assessments can miss critical detail. We use high-resolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for a combination of different future emission scenarios and climate models to drive detailed simulation models of the maize and bean crops. For the East African region, there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in this crop response. We evaluate the response of maize and beans to a changing climate, as a prelude to detailed targeting of options that can help smallholder households adapt. The results argue strongly against the idea of large, spatially contiguous development domains for identifying and implementing adaptation options, particularly in regions with large variations in topography and current average temperatures. Rather, they underline the importance of localised, community-based efforts to increase local adaptive capacity, take advantage of changes that may lead to increased crop and livestock productivity where this is possible, and to buffer the situations where increased stresses are likely.
Keywords: openalex:import

Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa - Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Alagarswamy, G.; Andresen, Jeff (Global Environmental Change, 2009)
There is general consensus that the impacts of climate change on agriculture will add significantly to the development challenges of ensuring food security and reducing poverty, particularly in Africa. While these changes will influence agriculture at a broad scale, regional or country-level assessments can miss critical detail. We use high-resolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for a combination of different future emission scenarios and climate models to drive detailed simulation models of the maize and bean crops. For the East African region, there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in this crop response. We evaluate the response of maize and beans to a changing climate, as a prelude to detailed targeting of options that can help smallholder households adapt. The results argue strongly against the idea of large, spatially contiguous development domains for identifying and implementing adaptation options, particularly in regions with large variations in topography and current average temperatures. Rather, they underline the importance of localised, community-based efforts to increase local adaptive capacity, take advantage of changes that may lead to increased crop and livestock productivity where this is possible, and to buffer the situations where increased stresses are likely.
Keywords: openalex:import

Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa - Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Alagarswamy, G.; Andresen, Jeff (Global Environmental Change, 2009)
There is general consensus that the impacts of climate change on agriculture will add significantly to the development challenges of ensuring food security and reducing poverty, particularly in Africa. While these changes will influence agriculture at a broad scale, regional or country-level assessments can miss critical detail. We use high-resolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for a combination of different future emission scenarios and climate models to drive detailed simulation models of the maize and bean crops. For the East African region, there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in this crop response. We evaluate the response of maize and beans to a changing climate, as a prelude to detailed targeting of options that can help smallholder households adapt. The results argue strongly against the idea of large, spatially contiguous development domains for identifying and implementing adaptation options, particularly in regions with large variations in topography and current average temperatures. Rather, they underline the importance of localised, community-based efforts to increase local adaptive capacity, take advantage of changes that may lead to increased crop and livestock productivity where this is possible, and to buffer the situations where increased stresses are likely.
Keywords: openalex:import

Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa - Thornton, Philip K.; Jones, Peter G.; Alagarswamy, G.; Andresen, Jeff (Global Environmental Change, 2009)
There is general consensus that the impacts of climate change on agriculture will add significantly to the development challenges of ensuring food security and reducing poverty, particularly in Africa. While these changes will influence agriculture at a broad scale, regional or country-level assessments can miss critical detail. We use high-resolution methods to generate characteristic daily weather data for a combination of different future emission scenarios and climate models to drive detailed simulation models of the maize and bean crops. For the East African region, there is considerable spatial and temporal variation in this crop response. We evaluate the response of maize and beans to a changing climate, as a prelude to detailed targeting of options that can help smallholder households adapt. The results argue strongly against the idea of large, spatially contiguous development domains for identifying and implementing adaptation options, particularly in regions with large variations in topography and current average temperatures. Rather, they underline the importance of localised, community-based efforts to increase local adaptive capacity, take advantage of changes that may lead to increased crop and livestock productivity where this is possible, and to buffer the situations where increased stresses are likely.
Keywords: openalex:import

Low-Income African-American Caregivers' Experiences of Being Referred to Mental Health Services by the School Counselor: Implications for Best Practices - Tucker, Catherine (Professional School Counseling, 2009)
Referring students for mental health care is a core job function for school counselors, and one that is often stressful for all parties involved. In this phenomenological study, six low-income African-American caregivers were interviewed about their experiences of having a son or grandson referred for mental health care by the school counselor. Issues of how the participants viewed the school, mental health care, and the process of being referred were explored. Key findings include the caregivers' experiences of alienation in the face of a rigid system for parent involvement in educational decision making, caregivers' perceived lack of power, and caregivers' lack of understanding of school administrative processes. Recommendations for school counseling practice are given, along with suggestions for school counselor education.
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Low-Income African-American Caregivers’ Experiences of Being Referred to Mental Health Services by the School Counselor: Implications for Best Practices - Tucker, Catherine (Professional School Counseling, 2009)
Referring students for mental health care is a core job function for school counselors, and one that is often stressful for all parties involved. In this phenomenological study, six low-income African-American caregivers were interviewed about their experiences of having a son or grandson referred for mental health care by the school counselor. Issues of how the participants viewed the school, mental health care, and the process of being referred were explored. Key findings include the caregivers’ experiences of alienation in the face of a rigid system for parent involvement in educational decision making, caregivers’ perceived lack of power, and caregivers’ lack of understanding of school administrative processes. Recommendations for school counseling practice are given, along with suggestions for school counselor education.
Keywords: openalex:import

Adaptation to climate change among agropastoral systems: Case for Zimbabwe - Unganai, Leonard (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Adaptation to climate change among agropastoral systems: Case for Zimbabwe - Unganai, Leonard (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Community adaptation to climate change and other environmental changes in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria - Uyigue, Etiosa; Agho, M. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Community adaptation to climate change and other environmental changes in the Niger Delta region of Southern Nigeria - Uyigue, Etiosa; Agho, M (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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The extent and practice of inclusion in independent schools in South Africa - Walton, Elizabeth; Nel, Norma; Hugo, Anna J.; Müller, Hélène (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
In line with international trends in education, South Africa has embraced inclusive education as the means by which learners who experience barriers to learning will be educated. As inclusion is beginning to be realised in South African schools, a gap in the emerging research base on inclusive education is that of inclusion in the independent sector. A study was undertaken to establish the extent to which learners who experience barriers to learning are included in independent schools belonging to ISASA (the largest independent schools association in South Africa) and the practices that facilitate inclusion. The results of a survey administered to principals were analysed quantitatively and reveal that most ISASA schools include learners who experience various barriers to learning and employ inclusive practices that are described in the international literature. We report on salient aspects emerging from the study and focus on the diversity of learners found in ISASA schools, as well as the inclusive practices found at school-wide, classroom, and individual levels. The practices described are the provision of on-site specialist personnel, support for teachers, building modifications to ensure access by persons using wheelchairs and various instructional practices and assessment adaptations. Recommendations arising from the study may give direction to South African schools pursuing inclusivity. South African Journal of Education Vol. 29 (1) 2009: pp. 105-126
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Enhancing adaptation of the pastoralists to climate change through drought contingency measures in arid Northern Kenya - Warui, H. (IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science (Online), 2009)
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Enhancing adaptation of the pastoralists to climate change through drought contingency measures in arid Northern Kenya - Warui, H. (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009)
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Recurrence of Large Earthquakes in Magmatic Continental Rifts: Insights from a Paleoseismic Study along the Laikipia-Marmanet Fault, Subukia Valley, Kenya Rift - Zielke, Olaf; Strecker, Manfred R. (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2009)
The seismicity of the Kenya rift is characterized by high-frequency low-magnitude events concentrated along the rift axis. Its seismic character is typical for magmatically active continental rifts, where igneous material at a shallow depth causes extensive grid faulting and geothermal activity. Thermal overprinting and dike intrusion prohibit the buildup of large elastic strains, therefore prohibiting the gen- eration of large-magnitude earthquakes. On 6 January 1928, the MS 6:9 Subukia earthquake occurred on the Laikipia-Marmanet fault, the eastern rift-bounding struc- ture of the central Kenya rift. It is the largest instrumentally recorded seismic event in the Kenya rift, standing in contrast to the current model of the rift's seismic character in which large earthquakes are not anticipated. Furthermore, the proximity of the rup- tured fault and the rift axis is intriguing: The rift-bounding structure that ruptured in 1928 remains seismically active, capable of generating large-magnitude earthquakes, even though thermally weakened crust and better oriented structures are present along the rift axis nearby, prohibiting any significant buildup of elastic strain. We excavated the surface rupture of the 1928 Subukia earthquake to find evidence for preceding ground-rupturing earthquakes. We also made a total station survey of the site topography and mapped the site geology. We show that the Laikipia-Marmanet fault was repeatedly activated during the late Quaternary. We found evidence for six ground-rupturing earthquakes, includ- ing the 1928 earthquake. The topographic survey around the trench site revealed a degraded fault scarp of ≈7:5 m in height, offsetting a small debris slide. Using scarp-diffusion modeling, we estimated an uplift rate of U 0:09-0:15 mm=yr, con- straining the scarp age to 50-85 ka. Assuming an average fault dip of 55°-75°, the preferred uplift rate (0:15 mm=yr) accommodates approximately 10%-20% of the recent rate of extension (0:5 mm=yr) across the Kenya rift.
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10. Playing Catch-Up: Evaluating a Mathematics Intervention for Disadvantaged Learners in South Africa - Mouton, Johann; Wildschut, Lauren (2009)
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Can the Bologna Process Make the Move Faster towards the Development of an International Space for Higher Education where Africa would find its place? - Charlier, Jean-Émile; Croché, Sarah (Métropole (Rabat), 2009)
The Bologna Process is presented to the political and academic officials of Southern countries as the bearer of form constraints – the division of higher education studies into three main cycles (a bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate degree in respectively three, five, and eight years after the completion of upper secondary education) – and the calculation of the relative importance of subjects according to a credit mechanism. As unmenacing as it may look to decision-makers, reality is more complex. Form constraints soon turn into structural constraints that are only gradually revealed – mobility implies the transnational harmonization of academic timetables, the division of teachings and assessments into semesters, etc. The implementation of the ‘Bologna spirit’ also calls for interdependent universities whereas previously each only had to comply with their national constraints. In Africa, this interdependence is a strong asset for academic officials when they have to negotiate with their authorities. As it was the case in Europe, the solution to national problems will probably entail striking international agreements whose binding force will derive precisely from their international character. Functional interdependence may enhance dialogue between academic officials. African universities should seize the opportunity of the call for dialogue as ex- pressed during the London summit in 2007 to have their qualifications certified according to international standards and thus weigh on the definition of quality that will bind the international space for higher education in the near future.
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Principals' and students' perceptions on parental contribution to financial management in secondary schools in Kenya - Koross, Peter Kiplangat; Ngware, Moses; Sang, Anthony K. (Quality Assurance in Education, 2009)
Purpose The management of secondary schools in Kenya has faced a number of challenges over the past few years. These challenges have been manifested in the many ways including lack of financial transparency, which culminate in unaffordable secondary schools fees. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of an investigation into the contribution of parents to the financial management of secondary schools in Kericho district of Kenya. Design/methodology/approach The study was exploratory in approach with a descriptive survey being used as a method of inquiry. A sample size of 30 (47 percent) was selected from 64 secondary schools in the district. From this sample, proportional sampling was then used to get seven provincial and 23 district schools into the sample. Purposive sampling was used to get the schools from each category and the respondents from each school into the sample. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to solicit information and perceptions from principals and students. Findings The findings of this study indicated that Principals and students perceived parental involvement in financial management as present to some degree in most schools. The results also indicated that parental involvement had positive influence on financial management outcomes. Since schools' finance is critical in school management outcomes, it is therefore important for education stakeholders to increase parental involvement . Practical implications Parental participation can have positive impacts on the processes of teaching and learning with active and frequent contacts between parents and school administration improving school's financial accountability and transparency. Participation will strengthen the partnership between parent teacher associations, community and school administration in addition to democratizing school governance. Originality/value Based on the findings of the study, parental involvement in the area of financial management is still low in the district. It was also noted that parental involvement greatly influenced the way finances in schools were managed. From these observations, parental levels of involvement in the area of school finances affect financial transparency in schools.
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A fourteen-year review of maternal mortality at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri Nigeria - Mairiga, AG; Kawuwa, MB; Kyari, O (Nigerian Hospital Practice, 2009)
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The perceptions of parents of their role in the democratic governance of schools in South Africa: Are they on board? - Mncube, Vuzi (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ON PEACE EDUCATION: UBUNTU LESSONS IN RECONCILIATION - Murithi, Tim (International Review of Education, 2009)
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The extent and practice of inclusion in independent schools in South Africa - Walton, Elizabeth; Nel, Norma; Hugo, Anna J.; Müller, Hélène (South African Journal of Education, 2009)
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Modernization and development of higher education in the Republic of Yemen - مطهر, د.محمد بن محمد (Queen Arwa University Journal, 2009)
تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى استعراض موجز لتطوير التعليم العالي في اليمن، والواقع الحالي للتعليم العالي مع التركيز على أوجه القوة والضعف والفرص والتحديثات التي تواجه التعليم العالي والجهود الحالية والمستقبلية لتطوير مؤسسات التعليم العالي على المستوى الوطني وعلى المستوى المؤسسي مع التركيز على بشكل خاص على التعليم الجامعي، وأخيراً تقدم الورقة عدداً من التوصيات التي ستساعد على الانتقال بالتعليم العالي من الوضع الحالي إلى الوضع المستقبلي المنشود.
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Continuing medical education and the medical school in South Africa - Beaton, George (Medical Education, 2009)
Medical EducationVolume 8, Issue 2 p. 145-150 Continuing medical education and the medical school in South Africa G. R. BEATON, Corresponding Author G. R. BEATON Medical Graduates' Association and Division of Continuing Medical Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaRequests for reprints to Dr G. R. Beaton, Medical Graduates Association, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, Hospital Street, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2001.Search for more papers by this author G. R. BEATON, Corresponding Author G. R. BEATON Medical Graduates' Association and Division of Continuing Medical Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaRequests for reprints to Dr G. R. Beaton, Medical Graduates Association, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, Hospital Street, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2001.Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1974.tb02056.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume8, Issue2June 1974Pages 145-150 RelatedInformation
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“I am because we are:” collectivism as a foundational characteristic of African American college student identity and academic achievement - Carson, Leslie R. (Social Psychology of Education, 2009)
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Experience with multiple choice question papers in Nigeria A practical guide to their use in a new medical school - Davidson, Neil; Parry, Eldryd (Medical education (Oxford. Print), 2009)
Medical EducationVolume 9, Issue 2 p. 106-113 Experience with multiple choice question papers in Nigeria A practical guide to their use in a new medical school N. McD. DAVIDSON, Corresponding Author N. McD. DAVIDSON Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaRequests for reprints to Dr N. McD. Davidson. Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW.Search for more papers by this authorE. H. O. PARRY, E. H. O. PARRY Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author N. McD. DAVIDSON, Corresponding Author N. McD. DAVIDSON Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaRequests for reprints to Dr N. McD. Davidson. Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW.Search for more papers by this authorE. H. O. PARRY, E. H. O. PARRY Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1975.tb01904.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume9, Issue2June 1975Pages 106-113 RelatedInformation
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Knowledge and attitudes of teachers towards epilepsy in Zimbabwe - Mielke, Jens; Adamolekun, Bola; Ball, Douglas E.; Mundanda, T. (Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2009)
As a preliminary to designing a health education programme on epilepsy for teachers in Zimbabwe, we evaluated the knowledge and attitudes to epilepsy of teachers in Epworth, a poor, high density suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe.All teachers in Epworth were invited to awareness workshops on epilepsy. A questionnaire on knowledge and attitude of epilepsy was distributed to all consenting participants.165 teachers (Male:Female 1:1.9) responded. Of the respondents 89% had heard or read about epilepsy, while 70.6% had observed an epileptic seizure. Epilepsy was considered hereditary by 34.6%, while 12.6% thought it was a form of insanity. Only 0.6% thought evil spirits were a cause, 22.6% thought that epilepsy was contagious, 82% would allow their child to play with an epileptic child, 76% would marry an epileptic while 55.7% would employ an epileptic. The majority would accommodate an epileptic and teach an epileptic child in class.These positive attitudes towards epilepsy by teachers may be attributed to their higher level of education and may imply that with increasing levels of formal education in the general African population, a more tolerant attitude towards epilepsy can be expected.
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Teaching Public Health in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan - Yousif, Mamoun (Medical Education, 2009)
Medical EducationVolume 1, Issue 4 p. 294-295 Teaching Public Health in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan MAMOUN YOUSIF, MAMOUN YOUSIF University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author MAMOUN YOUSIF, MAMOUN YOUSIF University of KhartoumSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1967 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1967.tb01719.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue4September 1967Pages 294-295 RelatedInformation
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German-Algerian University Exchange from the Perspective of Students and Teachers - Döring, Nicola; Lahmar, Kamel; Bouabdallah, Mohamed; Bouafia, Mohamed; Bouzid, D.; Gobsch, G.; Runge, Erich (Journal of Studies in International Education, 2009)
Academic exchange programs provide students and teachers with the opportunity to study or work temporarily at educational institutions abroad. For exchange programs to be successful in promoting intercultural education, they must be designed with their participants in mind. The present study constitutes an investigation of attitudes and expectations of students and teachers with respect to a German—Algerian university exchange program. Germany and Algeria belong to separate cultural spheres—the Western/European and the Arabic/Islamic—and almost no academic exchange has taken place between them to date. The survey’s four participant groups were German ( n = 270) and Algerian students ( n = 214), and German ( n = 24) and Algerian teachers ( n = 43). The study revealed large differences in the hopes and fears that German and Algerian university students and teachers attach to reciprocal academic exchange. The study’s ramifications for the future planning of a German—Algerian university exchange program are discussed.
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Analysing the Effectiveness of Sector Support: Primary Education in Uganda and Zambia - Kemp, Antonie de (IDS Bulletin, 2009)
The resource can be accessed at the following external link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00431.x/abstract
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Africa University students struggle to pay fees - Stevens, Andra (2009)
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Promoting library education and training: the role of the Malawi Library Association - Uta, Joseph J (Innovation (Pietermaritzburg), 2009)
This article provides an account of how the Malawi Library Association (MALA) and its small band of graduate professional librarians (numbering no more than ten in 2005) have provided training at non-graduate certificate level for over 600 Malawians since 1979. MALA was founded in 1976 and inaugurated in 1977. Professional education and training has always been one of its main objectives, and unlike practitioners in most other countries in recent decades, senior librarians designed the certificate curriculum and did the actual teaching. Mzuzu University in the north of Malawi has recently introduced a Diploma in Library and Information Science and a BSc in Information and Communication Technology, the latter being the highest level qualification in the information field in Malawi at present. Innovation Vol. 31 2005: 50-56
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The Experiences of South-African High-School Girls in a Fab Lab Environment - Dlodlo, Nomusa; Beyers, Ronald Noel (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2009)
Proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology (WASET), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, January 2009
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The dilemma of conducting research back in your own country as a returning student – reflections of research fieldwork in Zimbabwe - Mandiyanike, David (Area, 2009)
The research process is more like finding one's way through a complex maze. ‘Home is where the heart is’, but foreign students face a number of problems upon their return home to do research. This paper chronicles the dilemma of a Zimbabwean student conducting fieldwork for his UK‐based doctoral studies in his own country. The dilemmas were critical in that the fieldwork was undertaken during the ‘Zimbabwe crisis’ and the inherent problems of researching government‐related organisations. This has a bearing on any research process and invokes use of the etic/emic dilemma. This paper contributes to the gaps and growing literature on methods and techniques for conducting qualitative research in human geography.
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Oral Health And Diabetes: A Review Of 150 Patients Attending The Weekly Diabetic Clinic At The University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria. - Bassey, GO; Anyanechi, CE; Chukwuneke, FN (Ebonyi Medical Journal, 2009)
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which may have an effect on the gingival status and may aggravate pre-existing oral disease. Routine dental evaluation is therefore necessary in its management. The purpose of this article is to investigate the oral health status of one 150 Diabetic patients who attend the weekly diabetic clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Patients and Methods: This is a cross sectional questionnaire-based descriptive study. Patients who attended the diabetic clinic of the hospital between January 1st 2004 and December 31st 2006 and consented were randomly recruited for the study. Results: There were 60 (40%) males and 90 (60%) females giving a male-tofemale ratio of 1:1.5. Most of the patients were between 41 and 50 years of age. The diagnosis of a major percentage of the patients were over five years prior to the time of this study. One hundred and eighteen (78%) out of the 150 patients had never visited the dental clinic before presentation. Conclusion: Most diabetic patients in our environment have poor perception and awareness of their diabetic condition as it relates to their oral health. It is important to have a collaborative and combined approach among physicians and the dental surgeons in the management diabetes mellitus Keywords: Assessment, Awareness, Calabar, Diabetes, Oral. Ebonyi Medical Journal Vol. 7 (1&2) 2008: pp. 31-35
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In Utero Ethanol Exposure Impairs Defenses Against Experimental Group B Streptococcus in the Term Guinea Pig Lung - Gauthier, Theresa W.; Young, Paula A.; Gabelaia, Levan; Tang, Sonja M.; Ping, Xiao-Du; Harris, Frank L.; Brown, Lou Ann S. (Alcohol: Clinical & Experimental Research, 2009)
Background: The effects of fetal alcohol exposure on the risks of neonatal lung injury and infection remain under investigation. The resident alveolar macrophage (AM) is the first line of immune defense against pulmonary infections. In utero ethanol (ETOH) exposure deranges the function of both premature and term guinea pig AM. We hypothesized that fetal ETOH exposure would increase the risk of pulmonary infection in vivo. Methods: We developed a novel in vivo model of group B Streptococcus ( GBS ) pneumonia using our established guinea pig model of fetal ETOH exposure. Timed‐pregnant guinea pigs were pair fed ±ETOH and some were supplemented with the glutathione (GSH) precursor S ‐adenosyl‐methionine (SAM‐e). Term pups were given GBS intratracheally while some were pretreated with inhaled GSH prior to the experimental GBS . Neonatal lung and whole blood were evaluated for GBS while isolated AM were evaluated using fluorescent microscopy for GBS phagocytosis. Results: Ethanol‐exposed pups demonstrated increased lung infection and sepsis while AM phagocytosis of GBS was deficient compared with control. When SAM‐e was added to the maternal diet containing ETOH, neonatal lung and systemic infection from GBS was attenuated and AM phagocytosis was improved. Inhaled GSH therapy prior to GBS similarly protected the ETOH‐exposed pup from lung and systemic infection. Conclusions: In utero ETOH exposure impaired the neonatal lung’s defense against experimental GBS , while maintaining GSH availability protected the ETOH‐exposed lung. This study suggested that fetal alcohol exposure deranges the neonatal lung’s defense against bacterial infection, and support further investigations into the potential therapeutic role for exogenous GSH to augment neonatal AM function.
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Fractionation of Peralkaline Silicic Magmas: the Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex, Kenya Rift Valley - Marshall, A. S.; MacDonald, Raymond J.; Rogers, N. W.; Fitton, J. Godfrey; Tindle, A. G.; Nejbert, Krzysztof; Hinton, R. W. (Journal of Petrology, 2009)
The Greater Olkaria Volcanic Complex is a young (≤20 ka) multi-centred system in the central Kenya Rift Valley, mainly represented at outcrop by peralkaline rhyolites. The rhyolites show significant compositional variation; peralkalinity [mol. (Na2O + K2O)/Al2O3] varies from 1·01 to 1·55, Zr contents from 442 to 3640 ppm and Rb contents from 262 to 1056 ppm. More peralkaline rhyolites were generated along multiple, but generally closely similar, liquid lines of descent by ∼ 75% fractional crystallization of alkali feldspar–quartz-dominated assemblages from mildly peralkaline parental magmas, themselves probably derived by fractionation of trachytic magmas. Crystal fractionation took place at more than one upper crustal level. The rhyolite magmas were erupted from 13 centres, each having an eruptive history and geochemical evolution broadly similar to, but distinct from, those of the other centres. For most of the life span of the Olkaria system, almost the whole spectrum of peralkaline rhyolite compositions was erupted from vents in the complex at any one time. Apparent partition coefficients are presented for 34 trace elements in sanidine, fayalite, ferrohedenbergite, amphibole, biotite, ilmenite and chevkinite-(Ce). With the exception of certain values for Ba, Rb and Sr in sanidine, most coefficients vary systematically with whole-rock composition.
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Plume derived mantle heterogeneity beneath the Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa: A study of peridotite xenoliths - Matsukage, Kyoko N.; Oya, Mami (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009)
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Agents of the Upper Respiratory Tract of School Children in Buea, Cameroon - Ndip, Roland N.; Ntiege, E A; Ndip, Lucy; Nkwelang, Gerald; Akoachere, Jane Francis; T, Nkuo Akenji (Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 2009)
The study was aimed at determining bacterial agents of the upper respiratory tract and the susceptibility patterns of isolates to antibiotics. In total, 200 throat swabs were obtained from students attending differÂent boarding schools within the Buea Municipality and screened to obtain the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and to understand the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates using standard microbiologiÂcal procedure and the disc-diffusion test. Of the 200 samples screened, 112 (56%) had positive cultures with the dominant bacterial pathogens being Haemophilus influenzae (20%), followed by Streptococcus pneuÂmoniae (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%). Although 56% of the isolates were recovered from females compared to 44% from males, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the pathogens were isolated from the age-group of 10-13 years, 19.6% from the age-group of 14-17 years, and 12.5% from the age-group of 18-21 years. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that gentamicin (92%) and cefuroxime (88.4%) were the most effective antibiotics against the isolates. Generally, susceptibility ranged from 0% to 92% depending on the antibiotic and the species of microorganism. Penicillin had the highest (100%) resistance to all the isolates. The findings revealed that students living in boarding schools in the Buea Municipality were at risk of acquiring upper respiraÂtory tract infections from their peers since the upper respiratory tract of more than 50% of the students was colonized with respiratory pathogens. Although multidrug-resistant strains of organisms were identiÂfied, gentamicin and cefuroxime are recommended as the first-line antibiotics of choice against the pathoÂgens. There is, therefore, a need for surveillance of nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant strains of these organisms, especially H. influenzae in unhealthy school children since the vaccine is yet to be introduced in Cameroon. The findings have clinical and epidemiological significance. Key words: Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Child; Drug resistance, Microbial; Influenza; MicroÂbial susceptibility tests; Pneumonia; Respiratory tract infections; Cameroon doi:10.3329/jhpn.v26i4.1881 J Health Popul Nutr 2008 Dec:26(4):397-404
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Factors Influencing The Implementation Of Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Nursing Mothers Attending Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba, Abia State Nigeria. - Onyearugha, C. N.; Onyire, NB (Ebonyi Medical Journal, 2009)
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Pattern Of Eye Diseases In Nigerian Children Seen At Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital (EBSUTH), Abakaliki, Nigeria - Onyekonwu, GC (Ebonyi Medical Journal, 2009)
Background: Ocular diseases influence a child's educational, emotional and social development. Objective: To ascertain the pattern of eye diseases in children that presented to the eye clinic of EBSUTH, Abakaliki between May 2004 and June 2005. Methods: This is a retrospective, hospital based study of new patients less than 16 years of age with ocular diseases who presented to the eye clinic within the study period. The medical records of 1022 new patients (adult and children) within the study period were retrieved and 175(17.1%) belonging to children were reviewed. Data on age, sex, visual acuity, intraocular pressure and diagnosis were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 11.0 software. Results: Of the 175 patients presenting with eye complaints within the study period, 92 (52.6%) were males and 83 were females (47.4%) with a male to female ratio of 1.1: 1.0. Of these, 66 patients (37.8%) were 5 years of age or below while 68 patients (38.9%) were above 10 years. Leading ocular diseases encountered were allergic conjunctivitis 70 (40%), refractive errors 21(12%), trauma 20 (11.4%) infective conjunctivitis 19 (10.9%), corneal lesions eight (4.6%) and cataract 7 (3.4%). Strabismus two (1.1%), nasolacrimal duct obstruction two (1.1%), dermoid cyst one (0.6%) and nystagmus 1(0.6%) were the congenital eye diseases seen but were not common. Two patients (1.9%) were blind (Visual acuity of
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Students see hope for Africa in Obama presidency - Stevens, Andra (2009)
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An Assessment of Academic Stress among Undergraduate Students: The Case of University of Botswana. - Agolla, Joseph Evans; Ongori, Henry (Educational Research Review, 2009)
This research finding is based on the responses obtained from the undergraduate students at a higher learning institution (University) in Botswana. This paper investigated the stressors, symptoms and effects that are likely to be experienced by the undergraduate students in higher institutions (Universities). Stressors related to time, academic pressure, and academic environments were explored. A total of 320 students participated in this study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires that were randomly distributed to the students during lecture time. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics and Tables. The open ended question was thematically analysed and the result presented in Table 5. It was found out that, academic workload, inadequate resources, low motivation, poor performance in academic, continuous poor performance in academic, overcrowded lecture halls, and uncertainty of getting job after graduating from the university lead to stress among students. It is hoped that, these findings will help the individual students, lecturers, career and counselling centres, and the university administrators to put in place mechanisms that mitigate the effects of stress at the University. In addition, the finding will also spur a scholarly debate on academic stress among students in higher institutions. We therefore suggest that, other researchers should consider using triangulation method. The limitation of our study was the sample size and lack of geographical coverage since our study only concentrated on one university. Therefore, the findings of this study cannot be generalised and as such the researchers suggest replication of this study using larger samples from other parts of the world to validate our findings. Key words: Students, higher institutions, university, stress, stressors.
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Empowering Farmers Through Discovery Learning: A Case Study Of Farmer Field School (Ffs) Training On Cocoa Integrated Pest Management (Ipm) In Ondo State, Nigeria - Ajayi, MT; Banmeke, Toa; Okafor, Chris (Journal of Environmental Extension, 2009)
The study assessed the effectiveness of Farmer Field School (FFS) training on farmers\' competence in Integrated Pest Management of cocoa and the transfer of knowledge to others in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using structured questionnaire and interview schedule, data from 60 randomly selected respondents made up of 30 trained FFS graduates (primary trainees) and 30 others trained by FFS graduates (secondary trainees) were used for the study. Findings show that a higher proportion of the respondents in both categories of trainees are males and a majority are married and belong to 31 –50 years age bracket. The result shows that about 63% of the primary trainees transferred the knowledge to others while the secondary trainees did not transfer the knowledge. Respondents from both categories of trainees found the FFS training to be more efficient than other trainings. FFS was found to improve the competence level of both categories of trainees especially on ability to conduct field studies and making observation themselves and also improve farmers\' confidence and reduction in agrochemicals use. However, the effectiveness of FFS was more pronounced in primary trainees than the secondary trainees. Respondents\' level of education (b = 2.765), number of years of cocoa farming (b=1.785) and participation in Farmer Field School training (b = 2.364) had significance influence on the respondents\' competence in cocoa IPM. For better efficiency, the inclusion of Farmer Field School training in agricultural extension programmes in addition to T&V system is recommended. Keywords: Empowering farmers, discovery learning, Farmer Field School, Cocoa. Journal of Environmental Extension Vol. 7 2008: pp. 37-42
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A Study On The Environmental Education In The Metropolis Schools Of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Sulaiman, Hameed; Semegne, Hailu; Ananth, P. N. (Journal of Environmental Extension, 2009)
The machinery “Environmental Education” is to work towards sustainable development at different levels. Arguments exist on the factors accountable towards environmental damages. Human intervention, ranging from local to global level on environmental issues has been realized. Hence, formal and informal education is the identified tool for transformation. Environmental education at school level is one of the sources to infuse the young generation with a concern and responsive act towards environmental protection and conservation. Policies on envisaging environmental education in schools have not gone beyond the blackboard. Ethiopia is not an exemption of such environmental problems and the intended goals of environmental education through schools have not produced the desired results. The paper draws on a research conducted by the authors on the effectiveness of environmental education in the Metropolis schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The paper argues that EE in Ethiopia has been given through infusion approach and mainly focus on Chalk and Talk system, which focuses on root memorization of factual knowledge about the environment. Keywords: Environmental Education, environment al issues, Ethiopian Schools, knowledge level Journal of Environmental Extension Vol. 7 2008: pp. 22-30
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Condom Access in South African Schools: Law, Policy, and Practice - Han, Juliana; Bennish, Michael L. (PLOS Medicine, 2009)
Summary points of the article are: 1) South Africas recently adopted Childrens Act provides children the right to access reproductive health services as a way of addressing the HIV pandemic but there remains confusion about how socially divisive rights provided for by the Act such as condom access for youth will be achieved; 2) The Childrens Act together with South African government policies allows individual schools to decide whether to distribute condoms but most school staff are unaware of South African policy and regulations governing condom provision in schools; 3) Because of confusing and contradictory government policies and public pronouncements regarding provision of condoms in public schools few schools have undertaken to provide condoms leaving students especially in rural areas with few options for obtaining them; 4) PEPFAR regulations potentially conflict with South African law by prohibiting PEPFAR-funded organizations from distributing condoms in schools or providing condom information to youth aged 14 and under; and 5) The current South African governments policy of leaving the decision of whether to distribute condoms in schools to the School Governing Body of individual schools rather than enacting a clear national policy is unlikely to be an effective public health strategy for improving access to condoms for the population of youths at high risk for HIV.
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Prevalence Distribution and Risk Factors for Schistosoma hematobium Infection among School Children in Blantyre, Malawi - Kapito-Tembo, Atupele; Mwapasa, Victor; Meshnick, Steven R.; Samanyika, Young; Banda, Dan; Bowie, Cameron; Radke, Sarah (PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2009)
Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Malawi but estimates of its prevalence vary widely. There is need for updated information on the extent of disease burden, communities at risk and factors associated with infection at the district and sub-district level to facilitate effective prioritization and monitoring while ensuring ownership and sustainability of prevention and control programs at the local level.We conducted a cross-sectional study between May and July 2006 among pupils in Blantyre district from a stratified random sample of 23 primary schools. Information on socio-demographic factors, schistosomiasis symptoms and other risk factors was obtained using questionnaires. Urine samples were examined for Schistosoma hematobium ova using filtration method. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions with robust estimates were used to assess risk factors for S. hematobium. One thousand one hundred and fifty (1,150) pupils were enrolled with a mean age of 10.5 years and 51.5% of them were boys. One thousand one hundred and thirty-nine (1,139) pupils submitted urine and S. hematobium ova were detected in 10.4% (95%CI 5.43-15.41%). Male gender (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.06-3.07), child's knowledge of an existing open water source (includes river, dam, springs, lake, etc.) in the area (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.14-3.46), history of urinary schistosomiasis in the past month (OR 3.65; 95% CI 2.22-6.00), distance of less than 1 km from school to the nearest open water source (OR 5.39; 95% CI 1.67-17.42) and age 8-10 years (OR 4.55; 95% CI 1.53-13.50) compared to those 14 years or older were associated with infection. Using urine microscopy as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported hematuria was 68.3% and 73.6%, respectively. However, the positive predictive value was low at 23.9% and was associated with age.The study provides an important update on the status of infection in this part of sub-Saharan Africa and exemplifies the success of deliberate national efforts to advance active participation in schistosomiasis prevention and control activities at the sub-national or sub-district levels. In this population, children who attend schools close to open water sources are at an increased risk of infection and self-reported hematuria may still be useful in older children in this region.
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New Patterns of Segregation: Latino and African American Students in Metro Atlanta High Schools - Tarasawa, Beth (Southern Spaces, 2009)
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African Meridian B-Field Education and Research (AMBER) Array - Yizengaw, E.; Moldwin, M. B. (Earth, moon, and planets (Print), 2009)
The AMBER array contains four magnetometers and spans across the geomagnetic equator from L of 1 to an L of 1.4. In addition to filling the largest land-based gap in global magnetometer coverage, the AMBER array will address two fundamental areas of space physics: (1) the processes governing electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere as a function of latitude (or L-shell), local time, longitude, magnetic activity, and season, and (2) ULF pulsation strength and its connection with equatorial electrojet strength at low/mid-latitude regions. Satellite observations show unique equatorial ionospheric structures in the African sector, though these have not been confirmed by observation from the ground due to lack of ground-based instruments in the region. In order to have a complete global understanding of equatorial ionosphere motions, deployment of ground-based magnetometers in Africa is essential. One focus of IHY is the deployment of networks of small instruments, including the development of research infrastructure in developing nations through the United Nations Basic Space Science (UNBSS) Small Instrument Array. Therefore, AMBER magnetometer array in partnership with parallel US funded GPS receivers in Africa will allow us to understand the electrodynamics that governs equatorial ionosphere motions. While AMBER routinely observes the F region plasma drift mechanism (E × B drift), the GPS stations will monitor the structure of plasma at low/mid-latitudes in the African sectors. In addition to new scientific discoveries and advancing the space science research into Africa by establishing scientific collaborations between scientists in the developing and developed nations, the AMBER project also contributes to developing the basic science of heliophysics through cross-disciplinary studies of universal process. This includes the creation of sustainable research/training infrastructure within the developing nations (Africa).
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Student Encyclopedia of African Literature - Duckett, Bob (Reference reviews, 2009)
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Distributed communities of practice : an exploration of a distributed community of practice of South African Life Science teachers - Mckay, Robert Forbes (2009)
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Access to Mainstream Microfinance Services for Persons with Disabilities – Lessons Learned from Uganda - Bwire, Flavia Nakabuye; Mukasa, George; Mersland, Roy (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2009)
This article reports from a pilot project in Uganda where the aim is to enable persons with disabilities to have access to mainstream microfinance services. Several lessons have already been learned: 1) entrepreneurs with disabilities are an untapped market opportunity for Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs); 2) to influence MFIs it is important to understand their business model and team up with key actors from the industry; 3) persons with disabilities are often misinformed about MFIs’ terms and services and don’t know how to tap these opportunities. Gradually a change in attitudes in MFIs and Disabled Peoples Organizations (DPOs) is observed. All MFIs participating in the project now report an increase in the number of clients with disabilities served. This is happening without the use of any economic incentives.
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Programme evaluation training for health professionals in francophone Africa: process, competence acquisition and use - Ridde, Valéry; Fournier, Pierre; Baya, Bocar; Tourigny, Caroline; Ouédraogo, D (Human Resources for Health, 2009)
While evaluation is, in theory, a component of training programmes in health planning, training needs in this area remain significant. Improving health systems necessarily calls for having more professionals who are skilled in evaluation. Thus, the Université de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and the Université de Montréal (Canada) have partnered to establish, in Burkina Faso, a master's-degree programme in population and health with a course in programme evaluation. This article describes the four-week (150-hour) course taken by two cohorts (2005–2006/2006–2007) of health professionals from 11 francophone African countries. We discuss how the course came to be, its content, its teaching processes and the master's programme results for students. The conceptual framework was adapted from Kirkpatrick's (1996) four-level evaluation model: reaction, learning, behaviour, results. Reaction was evaluated based on a standardized questionnaire for all the master's courses and lessons. Learning and behaviour competences were assessed by means of a questionnaire (pretest/post-test, one year after) adapted from the work of Stevahn L, King JA, Ghere G, Minnema J: Establishing Essential Competencies for Program Evaluators. Am J Eval 2005, 26(1):43–59. Master's programme effects were tested by comparing the difference in mean scores between times (before, after, one year after) using pretest/post-test designs. Paired sample tests were used to compare mean scores. The teaching is skills-based, interactive and participative. Students of the first cohort gave the evaluation course the highest score (4.4/5) for overall satisfaction among the 16 courses (3.4–4.4) in the master's programme. What they most appreciated was that the forms of evaluation were well adapted to the content and format of the learning activities. By the end of the master's programme, both cohorts of students considered that they had greatly improved their mastery of the 60 competences (p < 0.001). This level was maintained one year after completing the master's degree, except for reflective practice (p < 0.05). Those who had carried out an evaluation in the intervening 12 months reported a negative gap between their declared mastery and their actual application. However, this is only statistically significant for reflective practice (p < 0.05). This study shows the importance of integrating summative evaluation into the learning process. Skills-based teaching is much appreciated and well-adapted. Creating a master's programme in population and health in Africa and providing training in evaluation to high-level health professionals from many countries augurs well for scaling up the practice of evaluation in African health systems.
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Developing A Narrative Paradigm To Teach 1 Corinthians To The Maasai In Kenya - Calvert, Robert Louis (2009)
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Sero-prevalence of immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C and syphilis among blood donors at ElObeid Teaching Hospital, West Sudan - Elfaki, Amh; Eldour, Aaa; Elsheikh, Nmh (Sudan journal of medical sciences, 2009)
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs), namely immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C and syphilis among blood donors. Setting: The study was carried in the blood bank at ElObeid Teaching Hospital. Material and methods: The study included 260 blood donor. Informed consent was obtained from each. Personal and socio-demographic data, information about risk factors such as blood transfusion, sexual partners, intravenous drug usage, tattooing and past history of jaundice all were included in a well designed questionnaire. Screening of blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Treponema pallidum antibodies were done using immunochromatographic (ICT) strips. Result: The study included 260 blood donor. All were males. The screening result for antibodies against HIV and Treponema pallidum was positive in 2 (0.8%) and 40 (15%) donors respectively. HBsAg was detected in 26 (10%) donors. Screening result for antibodies against hepatitis C virus was negative in all samples. Conclusion:This study showed that the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and syphilis was high in our study population. This mandates very strict criteria for selection of blood donors and also methods of laboratory assays for detection of infectious agents must be improved. On the other hand indications for blood transfusion should be restricted. . Keywords: Blood donors, Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Syphilis. Sudan Journal of Medical Science Vol. 3 (4) 2008: pp. 333-338
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Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Surgical personnel in National Ribat University Teaching Hospital-Khartoum-Sudan - Hassan, AN; Hashim, EA; Musa, OH; Elsayed, DE (Sudan journal of medical sciences, 2009)
Introduction:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common causes of both community and hospital acquired bacterial infection.There is strong correlation between S aureus nasal carriage and disease progress.Nasal carriage is high among health care workers.Inappropriate usage of antibiotic may lead to emergence of resistant strains which has serious consequences.Objective: The objective of this study is to reveal the frequency of S aureus nasal carriage and its drug resistance among surgical personnel in National Ribat Teaching Hospital Khartoum Sudan.Methods: This is a hospital-based case study.Nasal smears were taken from medical workers in the surgical department and operational theater at National Ribat Teaching Hospital in Khartoum State, Sudan.Samples were processed, cultured, then susceptibility tests were performed using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion methods following recommendations of National Committee for Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Results were analyzed and discussed.Results: Sixty three samples were taken.Thirty were males.Growth was achieved in only eight (12.6%).Majority showed resistance to penicillin.However, alls strain were sensitive to amoxicillin/calvunalic acid, vancomycin and oxacillin.Conclusion: this study gives an early alarm on the problems related to S. aureus colonization rate and its drug resistance.Nevertheless, the small number of our study group is a bit fall.Key words: drug resistance,
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From “Abjectivity” to Subjectivity: Education Research and Resistance in South Africa (2009)
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Global and Neoliberal Forces at Work in Education in Burkina Faso: The Resistance of Education Workers TOUOROUZOU HERVÉ SOMÉ (2009)
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Visual impairment from fibrous dysplasia in a middle-aged African man: a case report - Bekibele, CO; Fasola, O.; Okojie, Vickie N; Komolafe, Opeyemi; Oluwasola, Olayiwola; Emejulu, J K C; Ajaiyeoba, AI; Baiyeroju, Aderonke Mojisola (Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2009)
Fibrous dysplasia is a benign tumour of the bones and is a disease of unknown aetiology. This report discusses a case of proptosis and visual deterioration with associated bony mass involving the right orbit.A 32-year-old Nigerian man of Yoruba ethnic origin presented to the eye clinic of our hospital with right-eye proptosis and visual deterioration of 7-year duration. Presentation was preceded by a history of trauma. Proptosis was preceded by trauma but was non-pulsatile with no thrill or bruit but was associated with bony orbital mass. The patient reported no weight loss. Examination of his right eye showed visual acuity of 6/60 with relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundal examination revealed optic atrophy. Computed tomography showed an expansile bony mass involving all the walls of the orbit. The bony orbital mass was diagnosed histologically as fibrous dysplasia. Treatment included orbital exploration and orbital shaping to create room for the globe and relieve pressure on the optic nerve.Fibrous dysplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of slowly developing proptosis with associated visual loss in young adults.
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Assessment of Awareness, Attitudes and Perceptions of Students on HIV Vaccine Trials at the University of Dar es salaam, Tanzania - Haraka, Frederick; Bakari, Muhammad (Tanzania Medical Journal, 2009)
Objective: To assess the awareness, attitude and perceptions on HIV AND AIDS vaccine trials among students at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Study design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study Setting: University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Results: A total of 384 were recruited in the study. Out of these 41.7% reported that HIV vaccine can not prevent the spread of HIV. One hundred and four (26.8%) were of the opinion that an HIV vaccine can cause infection to the person vaccinated. A total of 317 (82.0%) perceived an HIV vaccine as an addition rather than a substitute to other existing preventive measures such as condom use, in the fight against HIV and AIDS. The attitude towards an HIV vaccine trial was positive in 87.5% of the students, but only 19.8% would be willing to participate in a vaccine trial with their current level of information. However, 48.2% would participate if they are better informed. Conclusion: The perception and attitude of University of Dar es Salaam students towards HIV vaccine trials were generally positive. However misconceptions were common. Recommendations: The community should be educated more on HIV vaccine trials, and more socio-behavioral studies need to be done among different social groups on HIV vaccine trials. Tanzania Medical Journal Vol. 23 (2) 2008: pp. 5-8
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Xenoliths of dunites, wehrlites and clinopyroxenites in the basanites from Batoke volcanic cone (Mount Cameroon, Central Africa): petrogenetic implications - Wandji, Pierre; Tsafack, J. P. F.; Bardintzeff, Jacques-Marie; Nkouathio, D. G.; Dongmo, Armand Kagou; Bellón, Hervé; Guillou, Hervé (Mineralogy and Petrology, 2009)
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Anger expression, violent behavior, and symptoms of depression among male college students in Ethiopia - Terasaki, Dale; Gelaye, Bizu; Berhane, Yemane; Williams, Michelle A. (BMC Public Health, 2009)
Depression is an important global public health problem. Given the scarcity of studies involving African youths, this study was conducted to evaluate the associations of anger expression and violent behavior with symptoms of depression among male college students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics and violent behavior among 1,176 college students in Awassa, Ethiopia in June, 2006. The questionnaire incorporated the Spielberger Anger-Out Expression (SAOE) scale and symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Symptoms of depression were evident in 23.6% of participants. Some 54.3% of students reported committing at least one act of violence in the current academic year; and 29.3% of students reported high (SAOE score ≥ 15) levels of anger-expression. In multivariate analysis, moderate (OR = 1.97; 95%CI 1.33–2.93) and high (OR = 3.23; 95%CI 2.14–4.88) outward anger were statistically significantly associated with increased risks of depressive symptoms. Violent behavior was noted to be associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.82; 95%CI 1.37–2.40). Further research should be conducted to better characterize community and individual level determinants of anger-expression, violent behavior and depression among youths.
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Nutritional monitoring of pre-school children in DRC - Bisimwa, Ghislain (2009)
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Effects Of Code Switching On English Language Learning And Teaching In Bilingual Classrooms: A Case Of Bureti District- Kenya - Hilary, siele Siele C. (2009)
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Cardiovascular Healthcare in Sudan: Education, Planning & Delivery - Abdelaal, Eltigani (2009)
This paper attempts to outlines the major challenges facing the Cardiovascular Medicine in Sudan.However it is not possible to cover such a broad subject within the timescale for the conference, but nevertheless, below is merely an outline in an attempt to highlight important concepts.Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in Sudan, but with poorly studied statistics, if at all.Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors is equally high, poorly understood, underestimated by official bodies, and poorly tackled by healthcare professionals.Moreover, patients often have limited understanding of health issues and rarely taught how to take command of their own health, or be actively involved in ensuring their wellbeing.
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Optometric Education in Sudan & the Future - Ismail, Galal Mohamed (2009)
This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness globally and in Sudan, based on the best available evidence derived from the recent studies.The paper aimed to highlight the significant role of optometric profession in the detection, screening, evaluation, monitoring and treatment of the visually impaired individuals and prevention of the curable blindness in Sudan.The optometric education in Sudan established in 1956 and urgently need an upgrade.The educational syllabi and the profession as whole need a scrutiny and update to match the international optometric level and to meet the future challenges in the primary eye health care expected in Sudan.
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The Higher Education Qualifications Framework and the changing environment of LIS education and training in South Africa: some observations - Minishi-Majanja, Mabel K. (South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 2009)
Technological, economic and other changes continually reshape the library and information science landscape. In South Africa, the Library and Information Science (LIS) education and training sector is caught up in developments that include new directions in higher education such as the new Higher Education Qualifications Framework (HEQF). This paper provides some observations on the implications of the HEQF on LIS education and training, amid other changes that influence the discipline. While establishing common parameters and criteria for designing qualifications, the HEQF poses challenges to the LIS education needs and practices including names, levels and articulation of qualifications, as well as titles of posts and hierarchies in the workplace. The paper further expounds on the other challenges that need to be simultaneously tackled while reshaping the future. At this critical juncture, the education and training for the information professions in South Africa requires a mixture of ardent focus on understanding the market forces on the one hand, so as to attract students and produce employable graduates and on the other hand a dogged determination to uphold a noble profession in spite of encroaching competition.
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Teaching Histology and Histopathology as a Surgical Registrar in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe - Biswas, Seema (Teaching and learning in medicine, 2009)
Background: Medical schools in the developing world have huge shortages in teaching personnel. The medical school in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, is educating medical students to become doctors in a country facing huge economic hardships and with a health care system in crisis. Summary: I traveled to Bulawayo to work as a surgical registrar and taught histology and histopathology in the local medical school. Using the local hospital libraries and Internet resources and recruiting busy clinicians in Bulawayo to teach, we were able to set up the first Histopathology course taught in the medical school. The curriculum was decided by local clinicians and emphasized diseases that are prevalent in Zimbabwe. Conclusions: In an environment of a lack of university lecturers, local clinicians may be an excellent teaching resource. Teaching sessions and locations may be slightly unorthodox but basic science teaching can be delivered in clinical contexts that highlight the clinical relevance of factual information.
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Academic Freedom Discourse in Post-Colonial Africa: A Quest for Transformation and Appropriation of Relevant Knowledge in Higher Education - Murove, Munyaradzi Felix; Mazibuko, Fikile (Africa insight, 2009)
This article argues that in post-apartheid South Africa, the discourse on academic freedom is conjoined with the African experiences of apartheid and colonialism. The majority of black academics see academic freedom as an opportunity for the total emancipation of the African university from the vestiges of colonialism and apartheid. A symbiotic relationship exists between colonialism and Eurocentric knowledge. The main argument is that it is imperative that transformation is on the basis of the quality of knowledge that is disseminated at African universities. However, it is also argued that those who are against transformation at African universities have appealed to academic freedom to imply that their inherited colonial privileges should never be tampered with. Africa Insight Vol. 38 (2) 2008: pp. 101-114
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'Being and doing' in a new academic environment: challenges faced by seven Chinese post-graduate students at a South African university. - Shen, Chunyan (2009)
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Constructing culture and negotiating identity in a local South African EFL classroom : unsettling pedagogies. - Harris, Nicola (2009)
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Small Farmers' Access To High-Value Markets: What Can We Learn From The Malawi Pigeonpea Value Chain? - Makoka, Donald (MPRA Paper, 2009)
Access to high-value markets remains one of the major challenges facing smallholder farmers in Africa. The paper applies a value chain analysis to the pigeonpea sub-sector in Malawi to determine ways of improving the access of small farmers to the global pigeonpea markets. The value chain analysis, complemented by primary data from a sample of 200 farmers, investigates the nature of the pigeonpea value chain by highlighting the main actors and the sources of inefficiency along the chain. The study shows that pigeonpea production is dominated by smallholder farmers with limited access to market information and who are also faced with lack of access to improved varieties. For the Malawian exporters, their competitiveness is being undermined by high freight costs and low pigeonpea grain quality. Policies to improve market institutional innovations through the use of the leading farmer organization, NASFAM, have the potential of improving the competitiveness of the producers.
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Small farmers' access to high-value markets: what can we learn from the Malawi pigeopea value chain? - Makoka, Donald (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
Access to high-value markets remains one of the major challenges facing smallholder farmers in Africa. The paper applies a value chain analysis to the pigeonpea sub-sector in Malawi to determine ways of improving the access of small farmers to the global pigeonpea markets. The value chain analysis, complemented by primary data from a sample of 200 farmers, investigates the nature of the pigeonpea value chain by highlighting the main actors and the sources of inefficiency along the chain. The study shows that pigeonpea production is dominated by smallholder farmers with limited access to market information and who are also faced with lack of access to improved varieties. For the Malawian exporters, their competitiveness is being undermined by high freight costs and low pigeonpea grain quality. Policies to improve market institutional innovations through the use of the leading farmer organization, NASFAM, have the potential of improving the competitiveness of the producers.
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A ten-year retrospective study of the prevalence of parasitic infections of dogs at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Mbaya, AW; Aliyu, M. A.; Nwosu, C. O.; Ibrahim, UI; Shallanguwa, JM (Nigeria veterinary journal, 2009)
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Motivating African-American Students Through Information Literacy Instruction: Exploring the Link Between Encouragement and Academic Self-Concept - Mortimore, Jeffrey; Wall, Amanda (The Reference Librarian, 2009)
This article argues that information literacy instruction has a unique role to play in increasing academic motivation among African-American college students. Drawing on recent work in student motivation, this article argues that perception of faculty encouragement is the single most important predictor of African-American college students' academic self-concept, trumping both academic performance (e.g., grades) and school environment (i.e., historically Black colleges or universities vs. predominantly White colleges or universities). Given this link between encouragement and academic self-concept, information literacy instruction becomes an arena in which librarians may support the development of students' self-concept, thus increasing motivation. This article discusses the role of encouragement in information literacy instruction and suggests how to achieve greater perception of encouragement both during and after instruction. Lastly, this article considers ramifications for instructional services programs at historically Black colleges or universities by reviewing recent experiences at Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina.
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Investigating the use of psychological assessment in South African schools. - Setshedi, Monyeki John (2009)
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The effectiveness of Farmer Field School (FFS) training on farmers competence in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Cocoa in Ondo state, Nigeria. - Ajayi, MT; Banmeke, T. O.A.; Okafor, Chris (Bowen Journal of Agriculture, 2009)
The study assessed the effectiveness of Farmer Field School (FFS) training on farmers\' competence in Integrated Pest Management of cocoa and the transfer of knowledge to others in Ondo State, Nigeria. Using structured questionnaire and interview schedule, data from 60 randomly selected respondents made up of 30 trained FFS graduates (primary trainees) and 30 others trained by FFS graduates (secondary trainees) were used for the study. Findings showed that a higher proportion of the respondents in both categories of trainees were males and a majority were married and belong to 31 –50 years age bracket. The result shows that about 63% of the primary trainees transferred the knowledge to others while the secondary trainees did not transfer the knowledge. Respondents from both categories of trainees found the FFS training to be more efficient than other trainings. FFS was found to improve the competence level of both categories of trainees especially on ability to conduct field studies and making observation themselves and also improve farmers\' confidence and reduction in agrochemicals use. However, the effectiveness of FFS was more pronounced in primary trainees than the secondary trainees. Respondents\' level of education (b = 2.765), number of years of cocoa farming (b=1.785) and participation in Farmer Field School training (b = 2.364) had significance influence on the respondents\' competence in cocoa IPM. For better efficiency, the inclusion of Farmer Field School training in agricultural extension programmes in addition to T&V system is recommended. Keywords: Effectiveness, farmer field school, training, farmers\' competence, Cocoa.Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 (1&2) 2008: pp. 109-118
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Perceived training needs of cassava farmers in Ovia north east local government area of Edo State. Nigeria - Ajayi, MT; Okoedo-Okojie, DU (Bowen Journal of Agriculture, 2009)
This study examined training needs of cassava farmers in Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State. A total of 80 randomly selected cassava farmers were the respondents for the study. Data were collected using interview schedule and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that majority of the farmers (57.5%) were males, higher percentage of the respondents (63.8%) belongs to the age group 30 – 49years and 47.5 percent of the respondents were married. Majority of the respondents (60.0%) had both primary and secondary qualifications while 32.5 percent had no formal education. Findings further show that respondents attached great importance to the use of improved variety ( &#935=4.37), rapid multiplication of planting materials (&#935 = 4.18) weeding (&#935 =4.15) and storage of planting material (&#935 =3.85). They also identified quality flour making (&#935 = 4.72), rapid multiplication of planting materials ( &#935= 4.68), industrial utilization of cassava (&#935 =4.53) identification of improved varieties (&#935 = 4.42). as areas where training is highly required. There were significant association between respondents\' age, educational level and farm size and their training needs. It was therefore recommended that there is a need for organizing training for farmers in areas such as rapid multiplication of planting materials, quality cassava flour production and identification of improved cassava varieties. Keywords: Assessment, training needs, cassava farmers.Bowen Journal of Agriculture Vol. 5 (1&2) 2008: pp. 128-134
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Education decentralisation in Malawi : current trends and developments. - Kufaine, Noel Drake (2009)
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Bias in a binary risk behaviour model subject to inconsistent reports and dropout in a South African high school cohort study - Chikobvu, Perpetual; Lombard, Carl; Flisher, Alan J.; King, Gary; Townsend, Loraine; Muller, Martie (Statistics in Medicine, 2009)
We describe a methodology for analysing self-reported risk behaviour transitional patterns in a binary outcome variable, subject to misclassification and a large loss to follow-up. The motivation stems from the analysis of self-reported transitional patterns in responses to the question 'have you ever smoked a whole cigarette?' in a cohort of South African school children. The partially complete records analysis (PCRA) introduced, estimates the transitional probability as: the ratio of the joint probability of the response at two time points based on the complete records for this time sequence over the marginal probabilities of the response based on the complete records at the first time point, and assumes a non-informative missing pattern. A comparison was made using un-weighted complete records and inverse probability weighted logistic regression. The estimates of the probabilities of reporting ever having smoked a cigarette obtained from the three methods were similar for a particular transition. The PCRA method lacked precision compared with the inverse probability weighted logistic regression. A simulation study indicated an association between bias and reporting error in all three methods. The PCRA method can be considered as a method for the estimation of transition probabilities in a cohort study where there is consistency in the self-reported risk behaviour pattern and the sample size is large at baseline. The inverse probability weighting approach is more precise and is suitable for this setting in order to determine risk factors for the incidence of self-reported substance used in a cohort with a high dropout rate.
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So much for the practice, now what about the theory? : Vygotskian principles in higher education in South Africa. - Mooney, Gavin (2009)
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A 6-Year Review Of Maternal Deaths In A Teaching Hospital In South-South, Nigeria (The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics, 2009)
Objective: To establish the maternal mortality rate, identify causes of maternal deaths and recommend intervention measures to prevent them. Methods: The case notes of all maternal deaths at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo over a six year period were reviewed.Results: During the period of study, there were 3531 live births and 91 maternal deaths resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 2,577/100,000 live births. Nulliparous women formed the largest single group (30.1%). 50.7% of the women were aged between 21-30 years while majority (83.6%) were in social classes IV and V. About 26.0% of the women booked for antenatal care, while 74.0% were unbooked. Most of the antenatal clinic defaulters (52.6%) and the unbooked women (81.5%) were brought from traditional birth attendants homes. Majority of the deaths occurred postpartum (72.6%) and within 24 hours of admission in hospital (63.0%). The most common causes of maternal deaths were eclampsia (28.8%), puerperal sepsis (17.8%) and obstetric haemorrhage (11.0%).Conclusion: Our maternal mortality rate is one of the highest in the country. Encouraging women in our environment to avail themselves of orthodox antenatal care, abolishing user fees for pregnant women and the training and integration of more professional midwives in our community are advocated.
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Adaptation to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Investigation of Capacity-Building and National Adaptation Programs of Action (2009)
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Audiological Pattern Of Hearing Loss At Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile - Ife, Nigeria (The Internet journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2009)
Objectives: To determine the etiology, and pattern of hearing loss (HL) among patients seen in our clinic over an 18 months period. Methods: Questionnaire was administered to one thousand first attendee patients with HL. They were examined clinically, followed by pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. Result: There were 595 males and 405 females, ages between 1-100 years with a mean of 35.2±22.68 years. Over 80% of patients within the 1st decade of life, presented as deaf mutes, chronic discharging ear was the commonest cause of HL within the 2nd and 3rd decade, and presbyacusis among 40yrs and above. Sensorineural HL (SNHL) was found in 51.5%, conductive HL (CHL) in 17.2%, and mixed HL 24.6%. Overall, 50% had severe to profound HL. Jergers Type A tympanogram was seen in 582(58.2%), type B in 366(36.6%), type C, As and Ad accounted for 52(5.2%). Bilateral SNHL of unknown causes were found in 412(41.2%), followed by infective diseases. Conclusion: SNHL was the commonest type of HL in this study. Otosclerosis accounted for 3.2%. It may be commoner among Negroids than previously documented.
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Global climate change and Africa (2009)
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Histoplasmosis Masquerading As A Burkitt’s Tumor And Challenges In Diagnosis: A Case Finding At University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital, South-South Nigeria (The Internet journal of ophthalmology & visual science, 2009)
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Impact Of Urinary Schistosomiasis On Nutritional Status Of School Children In South-Eastern Nigeria (The Internet journal of health, 2009)
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Knowledge of first aid measures of avulsion and replantation of teeth in Nigerian school children. (The Internet Journal of Dental Science, 2009)
The aim of this study was to assess the present knowledge level of tooth avulsion in Nigerian school children. A 12-stemmed questionnaire was distributed to 495 Nigerian school children ( 228 boys, 267 girls) aged 7 15 year-old in Ife Central Local Government, Ile-Ife, Nigeria in February 2008 to score several areas of knowledge about tooth avulsion and replantation. The results of this study showed that 39.2% of the children had experienced dental trauma in the past, 62.8% had never received information on first-aid on dental trauma. More than half of the participants 51.5% reported that an avulsed tooth would be left on the ground, 38.2% would throw it on top of the roof and 17.8% would replant. Overall assessment of the children showed a low level of knowledge regarding tooth avulsion and replantation principle. Cultural belief of throwing a knock out or exfoliated tooth on the roof had influence on the children. There is need for comprehensive dental educational programmes and oral health promotions amongst Nigerian school children to improve their knowledge on tooth avulsion and replantation.
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Oral Health Related Knowledge and Behavior Among Nursing Students in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. (The Internet Journal of Dental Science, 2009)
Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate oral health knowledge and behaviour amongst nursing students in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital on respondents aged 17 to 40 years, using self administered structured questionnaire. Result: From oral health knowledge variables, only level of study, knowledge of calculus and orthodontics and role of fluoride in caries aetiology were significant. However, no oral health behaviour variable was significantly associated with oral health knowledge. About 11.0% of the respondents had visited the dentist within the last 12 months as against 68% that had never. About 53% brushed once daily, 43% brushed more than once a day and 2.7% brushed occasionally. Conclusion: The respondents had good oral health knowledge, but further improvements, especially on oral health behaviour should be stepped up.
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Orthodromic Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia Presenting To The Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana (The internet journal of the third world medicine, 2009)
In Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern pre-excitation, an accessory pathway known as the bundle of Kent conducts electric impulses directly from the atrial to the ventricles. Patients with WPW pre-excitation are therefore predisposed to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The PSVT can be a narrow QRS complex tachycardia or broad QRS complex tachycardia. This presentation is on a patient with WPW pattern pre-excitation presenting as a narrow QRS complex tachycardia.
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Prevalence and distribution of caries in the 12-15 year urban school children in Enugu, Nigeria. (The Internet Journal of Dental Science, 2009)
Aim: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of dental caries among 12 to 15 year old urban school children in Enugu, South-East, Nigeria.Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select the 353 school children that were studied. Presence of caries was identified by using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaires, mouth mirror and blunt probe under natural illumination. Data on presence of caries were recorded using WHO criteria of 1997.Results: Caries were diagnosed in 85 (24.1%) of the 353children. The total mean DMFT for the 353 children was 0.45 ± 0.53. The mean DMFT for boys was 0.35 ± 0.33 and for girls it was 0.54 ± 0.86. There was a general increase in mean DMFT with age. Caries was most prevalent in first molars (46.5%) while canines and first premolars were caries free. Caries were also observed more in the mandibular molars (23.29%).Conclusion: Caries prevalence was low compared to those obtained from previous studies. The prevalence gets worse with increasing age. To sustain the low prevalence, a cost effective preventive approach to caries should be used especially by the older children.
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Promoting Efficient and Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation in Nigeria: Policy, Legislative and Regulatory Challenges (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
Energy is essential for development. No developing society can hope to achieve economic sustainability without adequate energy supplies. Virtually every aspect of economic and social activity demands energy. The unavailability of modern forms of energy to some two billion of the world’s population, and inadequate supplies to an estimated additional two billion people, is a major challenge to the achievement of the poverty, gender and health objectives of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. At the same time, energy generation using fossil fuels is the principal source of greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. The mining and processing of fossil fuels can also endanger the lives of miners, cause severe land disruption and pollute land, air and waters. Furthermore, burning fossil fuels emits nitrogen and sulphuric oxides that are themselves toxic and are the precursors of urban smog and acid rain, while coal-burning power stations are responsible for mercury emissions that bio-accumulate in ecosystems, presenting a threat to human health as well as the environment. Providing the energy essential for development while minimising environmental hazards is one of the principal challenges in the 21st century.Energy efficiency offers perhaps the greatest potential to greatly reduce the amount of polluting energy needed to achieve current and future development targets. By eliminating waste, efficiency can often be accomplished at a profit or with a very short payback period of a year or two. Renewable energy, in the form of energy produced from solar, wind, sustainably managed hydro, geothermal and biomass resources, offers the potential to significantly displace the need for polluting fuels. These renewable resources are emphasised in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. This chapter therefore contends that, while much has been written about the science, technology and policies for promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy, little has been written about the legislative and regulatory options necessary to implement these technologies and policies that make a reality in practice. By promoting clean and efficient energy use at the legislative and regulatory levels, governments can ensure that all stakeholders have the opportunity and incentives to adopt new practices that will help to mitigate climate change and reduce pollution while keeping on the path of economic and social development. It is against this background that this chapter seeks to realise the following objectives: 1) To underscore the importance of efficient and renewable energy to produce electricity for the mitigation of climate change and sustainable development in Nigeria; 2) To provide an overview of the policy, legislative and regulatory measures available to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy as well as climate; change mitigation and adaptation in Nigeria; 3) To highlight the challenges and strategies to overcome the barriers to use and regulation of renewable and efficient energy for electricity in Nigeria.
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Rate Of Blinking Among Medical Students In Delta State Nigeria: Is The Eyelid A Polygraph? (The Internet journal of ophthalmology & visual science, 2009)
The rate of blinking, which is the rapid closing and opening of the eyelid was studied in 24 volunteers students of both sexes, male (n=18) and female (n=6) of Delta state university medical school. Five different test modalities were used in this study, which include reading aloud a page of written prose, recounting of all meals and snacks taken in the past 24 hours, serial seven subtraction from one hundred, creation of false identity story and subject being asked about awareness of interruption of vision by blinking. Navigators have been known to use the eye blink method as a shortcut to roughly estimate distance-off. Also children with disabilities have also been known to use eye blink method to manipulate a computer. The aim of this study therefore was to find out if the eyelid can also be used as a polygraph. It was observed that the rate of blinking was lowest when a subject was focused on the paper and reading. This was used as Baseline. There was a large increase in the rate during activities which involve memory, calculation, and creating a story. This therefore can be used to detect a mental fabrication in Progress. Most subjects were not aware of the blinking activity. In conclusion: mental activities which involve memory recall, concentration and calculations and fabrications of stories increase the rate of blinking up to 25 times from the value when reading. This can be used to detect lies in an unsuspecting subject. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these findings be carried out.
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Relationship of intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition among school children in Makurdi, Benue State - Nigeria (The Internet Journal of Epidemiology, 2009)
Malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections are common public health problems of children in developing countries. Malnutrition is typically caused by a combination of inadequate food intake and infection which impairs the body’s ability to absorb or assimilate food. Anthropometric measurements with regards to W.H.O standard consisting of height and weight were taken using tape measure on a wooden stick and weighing scale respectively. The body mass index (B.M.I) was determined by dividing the weight in kilogram by the squared value of the height in metre. Examinations of stool specimens were done using direct smear examination and sedimentation and flotation techniques. The nutritional status and parasitosis was studied in 569 (272 male and 297 female) school children aged 10 to 18 years. 330 (57.99%) of the samples were found positive for various intestinal parasites with hookworm species accounting for the highest 173 (52.24%) and Schistosoma mansoni the lowest 3 (0.9%). The relationship between the prevalence and the nutritional status of the children showed that 247 (74.84%) of the infected children are malnourished (P 0.05) of malnutrition between infected and non–infected children. The study confirmed that malnutrition and parasitosis were important child health problems. Therefore, it is recommended that the local health sectors should make provision for regular examination and treatment for intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Makurdi.
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Study Of Aflatoxin B1 As A Risk Factor That Impair The Reproductive Performance In Females- Egypt (The Internet Journal of Toxicology, 2009)
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The Islamic University Of Gaza, The Students And Islamism (2009)
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The Kinetics of β-lactamase Positive and Negative Staphylococci Species to Ampicillin in The University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. (The Internet journal of microbiology, 2009)
≤- Lactamase production by some bacteria is a cause of decreased clearance of bacteria in infected tissue by ≤ Lactam antibiotics like ampicillin and cephalosporin's. A total of two hundred and fifty clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus (n=180) and coagulase negative staphylococci (n=70) from different urine samples were obtained from the microbiology laboratory of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City had their kinetics to ampicillin tested using different concentrations of the drugs. This study comparatively assessed the effectiveness of ampicillin on ≤-lactamase negative and positive staphylococcus. We also determined the minimum therapeutic dose of ampicillin through the MIC against ≤-Lactamase positive and negative staphylococci. Finally, the study also determined the pattern of kinetics of ampicillin against the various staphylococcus species. This study revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin was 10µg/ml for ≤-Lactamase negative staphylococci. However, there was no complete inhibition of the ≤-Lactamase producing staphylococci when subjected to ampicillin. There was a reduction of 58% from the initial colony forming unit per ml (cfu/ml) of 4.8 ◊ 10 v to 2.05 ◊ 10 v in 10hours at a concentration of 25µg/ml of ampicillin for ≤-Lactamase producing strains. Conclusively, the ≤-Lactamase negative staphylococci were more sensitive to ampicillin than the ≤-lactamase positive staphylococci.
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The Teaching of African Literature in the UK: Theoretical and Pedagogical Implications (2009)
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Urinary Tract Infections Among Female Students Of The University Of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria (The Internet journal of microbiology, 2009)
Samples of urine and High Vagina Swabs (HVS) were collected from 213 volunteer female students in the female hostel of University of Agriculture, Makurdi, and examined for pathogenic organisms. Of these samples, 204 (95.77%) had at least one infection. The organisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus which had the highest prevalence of 120(56.34%) in urine and 108(50.70%) in HVS samples; Escherichia coli was next with 60 (28.17%) in urine, others were Streptococcus pyogenes in 18(8.45%) urine and 39 (18.31%) HVS samples. Trichomonas vaginalis was identified only in 12 (5.63%) HVS samples. The age group 20 – 24 years had the highest prevalence. Mixed infections were also observed. The implications of these findings were discussed.
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Zambia Student Assessment (2009)
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The range of abdominal surgical emergencies in children older than 1 year at the komfo anokye teaching hospital, Kumasi, Ghana - Abantanga, FA; Nimako, Boateng; Amoah, Michael (Annals of African Medicine, 2009)
Acute abdominal conditions are a common reason for emergency admission of children. Little is available in the literature about such conditions in our subregion, especially Ghana.The aim of this study was to investigate the range of emergency abdominal surgical conditions amongst children in the subregion, with particular reference to Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. A prospective survey of all children older than 1 year undergoing an emergency abdominal surgery was carried out.Details of all children (except infants) operated for an acute surgical abdominal condition over a 5-year period were entered into a specially designed form, capturing patient characteristics, surgical causes of the emergency, operative procedure, complications, morbidity and mortality rates.Nine hundred fifty-five children aged > 1 year but < 15 years were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 8.8 +/- 3.2 years. The leading causes of surgical abdominal emergencies were typhoid perforation (TP) of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), 68%; acute appendicitis, 16%; abdominal trauma and intestinal obstruction (including intussusception), 4.7% each; irreducible external hernias, 2.5%; primary peritonitis, 1.0%; gallbladder disease and gastric perforation, 0.8% each. Many children died from the TP group; case fatality for TP alone was 12.6%. The overall mortality was 9.7%. Morbidity was influenced by the presence of major peritoneal contamination, continuing peritonitis and surgical site infections (SSIs), which led to long hospital stay.In our hospital, TP of the GIT, acute appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, irreducible external hernias and primary peritonitis were the most common abdominal emergencies encountered in children after infancy. The high morbidity and mortality in TP is attributable to ignorance, poor sanitation and delay in reporting to hospital for treatment.
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Prognosis of per abortum uterine perforations at the University Teaching Hospital of Cocody (Abidjan, Ivory Coast). - Abauleth, R.; N’guessan, Kouakou Edouard; Charles, Kakou; Konan, K. J.; Akpadza, Koffi; Diebli, I.; Boni, S. (Médecine d'Afrique Noire, 2009)
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Professional Development Through Applied Engagement: Egyptian Teacher Opportunities for Professional Growth Grants - Abd‐El‐Khalick, Fouad (2009)
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Effect of pollution of drinking water by lead on cattle grazed around sugarcane factory in Upper Egypt. - Abd-El-Salam, M. N.; Ibrahim, Hossam; El-Magd, M. M. A.; Fatma, M. M. (2009)
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Recentering the Philosophical Foundations of Knowledge: The Case of Africa With a Special Focus on the Global Role of Teachers - Abdi, Ali A. (Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 2009)
The historical and actual marginalizations of African thought systems and knowledge constructions have been expansively responsible for the effectiveness of the dominant educational and governance systems imposed on Africa. The idea as well as the practice of these realities would conform to what Said (1993), Fanon (1967, 1968), and Memmi (1991) have called the cultural and psychosocial colonizations of both the physical and mental spaces of the conquered. The reality also speaks about the role of Europe’s most important thinkers such as Kant, Hobbes, and Voltaire, who all directly or indirectly paved the way for the projects of “de-philosophization” and “de-epistemologization” that still affect people’s lives. With the emergence of new cosmopolitanisms now creating highly multicultured societies in especially the so-called liberal democracies of the West, new contexts have also emerged of what one might counterintuitively call the “multiculturalization of knowledge marginalizations.” Thus there is an urgent need to aim for knowledge and learning multicentricities that both theoretically and pragmatically rewrite the learning trajectories of both the old colonized space and the new, still alienating multicultural classrooms. This article engages the historical and actual problematizations of the case and suggests some ideas for better possibilities that could enhance the schooling lives of current globally located learners.
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Analysis of trends in education and training of the financial accounting professionals _ a comparative study between Yemen and India - Abdrabbuh, Sayed; Al, Salah (2009)
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Sports management in tertiary education: Panacea for vices in tertiary institutions in Nigeria - Abdullahi, Yahaya (2009)
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THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES EDUCATION POLICY AND PRACTICES: A CASE FROM ETHIOPIA - Abebaw, Y. (EDULEARN09 Proceedings, 2009)
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Influences of Individual and Contextual Factors on Improving the Professional Development of TVET Teachers in Ethiopia - Abebe, Ayele Mamo (2009)
This Dissertation tried to provide insights into the influences of individual and contextual factors on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) teachers’ learning and professional development in Ethiopia. Specifically, this research focused on identifying and determining the influences of teachers’ self perception as learners and professionals, and investigates the impact of the context, process and content of their learning and experiences on their professional development. The knowledge of these factors and their impacts help in improving the learning and professional development of the TVET teachers and their professionalization. This research tried to provide answers for the following five research questions. (1) How do TVET teachers perceive themselves as active learners and as professionals? And what are the implications of their perceptions on their learning and development? (2) How do TVET teachers engage themselves in learning and professional development activities? (3) What contextual factors facilitated or hindered the TVET Teachers’ learning and professional development? (4) Which competencies are found critical for the TVET teachers’ learning and professional development? (5) What actions need to be considered to enhance and sustain TVET teachers learning and professional development in their context? It is believed that the research results are significant not only to the TVET teachers, but also to schools leaders, TVET Teacher Training Institutions, education experts and policy makers, researchers and others stakeholders in the TVET sector. The theoretical perspectives adopted in this research are based on the systemic constructivist approach to professional development. An integrated approach to professional development requires that the teachers’ learning and development activities to be taken as an adult education based on the principles of constructivism. Professional development is considered as context - specific and long-term process in which teachers are trusted, respected and empowered as professionals. Teachers’ development activities are sought as more of collaborative activities portraying the social nature of learning. Schools that facilitate the learning and development of teachers exhibit characteristics of a learning organisation culture where, professional collaboration, collegiality and shared leadership are practiced. This research has drawn also relevant point of views from studies and reports on vocational education and TVET teacher education programs and practices at international, continental and national levels. The research objectives and the types of research questions in this study implied the use of a qualitative inductive research approach as a research strategy. Primary data were collected from TVET teachers in four schools using a one-on-one qualitative in-depth interview method. These data were analyzed using a Qualitative Content Analysis method based on the inductive category development procedure. ATLAS.ti software was used for supporting the coding and categorization process. The research findings showed that most of the TVET teachers neither perceive themselves as professionals nor as active learners. These perceptions are found to be one of the major barriers to their learning and development. Professional collaborations in the schools are minimal and teaching is sought as an isolated individual activity; a secluded task for the teacher. Self-directed learning initiatives and individual learning projects are not strongly evident. The predominantly teacher-centered approach used in TVET teacher education and professional development programs put emphasis mainly to the development of technical competences and has limited the development of a range of competences essential to teachers’ professional development. Moreover, factors such as the TVET school culture, the society’s perception of the teaching profession, economic conditions, and weak links with industries and business sectors are among the major contextual factors that hindered the TVET teachers’ learning and professional development. A number of recommendations are forwarded to improve the professional development of the TVET teachers. These include change in the TVET schools culture, a paradigm shift in TVET teacher education approach and practice, and development of educational policies that support the professionalization of TVET teachers. Areas for further theoretical research and empirical enquiry are also suggested to support the learning and professional development of the TVET teachers in Ethiopia.
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Language ideologies and attitudes of Francophone learners towards English in Yaoundo, Cameroon - Abongdia, Jane-Francis Afungmeyu (2009)
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Investigating a Nigerian XXL-Cohort Wiki-Learning Experience: Observation, Feedback and Reflection. - Aborisade, Peter A. (Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 2009)
A regular feature of the Nigerian tertiary education context is large numbers of students crammed into small classrooms or lecture theatres. This context had long begged for the creation of innovative learning spaces and adoption of engaging pedagogies. Recourse to technology support and experimenting with the WIKI as a learning tool at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria gave us an insight into the benefits and challenges of the set-up and use of new knowledge technologies in our technology-poor context. This paper reports an experiment in an extra-large (XXL) class of freshmen (2000+) on a module of second language project writing using the WIKI. The paper emphasises the unique advantages of the WIKI in a large blended learning class and the affordances for socio-cultural and collaborative learning experience. In creating new learning teams and forging collaboration among learners leveraging one another’s abilities, the wiki experience extended the ‘classroom’ beyond the physical space, engaged students in interactional communication in the second language, encouraged negotiation of meaning, and challenged learners in finding their ‘solutions’ to real life problems around them, aside from acquisition of hands-on digital literacy. The paper reports on how learners experienced and participated in learning on a technology supported module. Data for the investigation and evaluation of students’ learning experiences were collected using teacher observation of team formation and collaboration on activities offline and tracked students’ logs, footprints and activities on group pages online; students’ feedback on the end-of-course learners’ evaluation forms; and their reflections as gleaned from their comments, encouraged and freely made continually by many from inception through to the end of the course, on the front page of our wiki. The report employs both qualitative and quantitative parameters. Results indicated a large number of students felt satisfied that the learning experience, though difficult, was worth their while; it opened up new vistas to the world; it got them working and learning to collaborate in groups; they developed a level of autonomy they would like to keep, and would like more of their courses supported by technology and thought the medium offered hope for the future, as it opened up new vistas in their learning.
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Putting smiles on pupils' faces? An assessment of the food-for-education programme in the West Mamprusi district, Northern Ghana - Abubakari, Abdulai (2009)
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Ghana have used various strategies, including the donation of teaching and learning materials, construction of classroom blocks, and the training of teachers to support primary education in Northern Ghana. One of t
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The African Science-base for Coastal Adaptation: a continental approach. A report to the African Union Commission (AUC) at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (7-18 December 2009). - Abuodha, Pamela (2009)
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Reaching the poorest through microfinance: Learning from saving for change program in Mali - Acharya, Mukul (2009)
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Relevance of Media rental services in quality education of the Nigerian school child - Achebe, N (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2009)
In the library and information sector, there are two flJethodi of service delivery namely the free service and fee-based service. Any of these two methods could be operated by either the public or private sector. Media rental services promote information and national development. It is a veritable means of providing quality education to the Nigerian school child. The media rental is also a place where the library and information  professionals carry out private practice for skill update and financial reward. Just as the teachers in schools engage in private practice,the school teacher librarian or media speCialist can also engage in private practice as desired The following issues are discussed in this paper, Quality  education and MDGS, media rental centres as  educational centres, concepts of media rental libraries and relevance to quality education of the Nigerian school child both at jubilee year and beyond, types and their services, basic infrastructure for setting up media rentals and feasibility study.
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Secondary school dropout in Kenya: who has the cure? - Achoka, J. S. K. (2009)
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Effects of dust storm on health in the Nigerian environment. - Achudume, A. C.; Oladipo, BO (Biology and medicine, 2009)
This paper assessed the ecotoxicity of dust storm on human health risk in the Nigerian environment. Samples of dusts on the rural road and outdoor dusts from the residences close to the road were collected. The common ecotoxicologic micro technique was used to analyze and detect native microbial agents. The results showed that rural environment is generally coated with dusts and visibility is relatively lower in dry than rainy season. These dusts contained typical microbial agents that correlate with those causing respiratory diseases. Adverse health effects arising from exposure may include pulmonary dysfunction, airways responsiveness, immunological factors and endotoxins. Planning implication may involve biological monitoring based on regular air sampling collection which may serve as an appropriate and non-invasive means of sampling exposure among the populace. The study equally highlights the potential hazard of dusts containing potential lethal microbial endotoxins that pose a risk for direct toxicity.
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Animal models of sensorineural hearing loss: comparison between the mouse and the guinea pig. - Ackerveken, Priscilla Van den; Poirrier, Anne‐Lise; Kim, Taesoo; Vandenbosch, Renaud; Nguyen, Laurent; Lefèbvre, Philippe; Malgrange, Brigitte (2009)
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Assessment of heavy metals pollution in sediments and surface water of River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria - Adamu, C. I.; Nganje, T. N. (Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009)
Levels of heavy metals were determined in the surface (1-6cm) and body core (45-50cm) sediments, as well as the overlying water of River Benue within the industrialized areas of Makurdi, Nigeria in order to assess the extent of anthropogenic influences. Samples were analyzed for their concentrations of these metals, using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of heavy metals show that the average contents of Fe (5.3%), Cr (70 ppm), Cd (0.4ppm) and Co (40ppm) in surface sediments are only slightly higher than corresponding contents in body core sediments; Fe (5.1%), Cr (66ppm), Cd (0.35ppm) and Co (37ppm). These chronic levels suggest similar geochemical control, which is most probably lithogenic. Conversely, the average contents of Mn (1910ppm), Cu (71ppm), Pb (26ppm) and Zn (340ppm) in surface sediments are much higher than corresponding contents in body core sediments; Mn (400ppm), Cu (30ppm), Pb (17ppm) and Zn (96ppm) respectively. These heavy metals are probably enhanced in surface sediments by anthropogenic activities. Results obtained from water analyses, are within the WHO 1991 maximum permissible level for most heavy metals in drinking water except for Mn (0.06-2.00ppm) and Pb (0.02-0.10ppm) close to point sources of pollution. Keywords: Heavy metals; Surface water; Sediments; River Benue Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Volume9,: 1-10
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Outcomes of Pre-Term Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana - Addo, V.N. (Tropical journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2009)
Context : Pre-term premature rupture of fetal membranes (pPROM) contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. These include chorioamnionitis, prematurity and still-births. Various microbial organisms have been implicated. Few studies have been done on pPROM in this environment. Objectives : To determine pregnancy outcomes and microbial organisms in cultures from the endocervix, high vagina and urine of patients with pPROM. Design : Cross-sectional descriptive survey. Setting : Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Ghana. Subjects : Patients admitted to KATH with fluid loss per vaginam during 1 st Apil, 2005 to 30 th September,2005. Methods : Structured pre-tested questionnaires were administered to patients who presented with fluid loss per vaginam followed by physical examination. Microbiology cultures were obtained from patients with proven pPROM between gestational ages 28 to 37 completed weeks. The data was analysed using Epi Info software. Main Outcome Measures : Maternal morbidity and mortality; delivery outcomes; microbial organisms from cultures and drug sensitivities. Results : Total antenatal admission was 1459 and eighty-five patients (5.8%) satisfied the study criteria. There was no maternal mortality but four patients (4.7%) developed chorioamnionitis.There were sixtyfour (75%) live births, nineteen (22%) stillbirths and liquor loss stopped in two (3%) resulting in normal term deliveries. The commonest organisms from the cultures were high vagina, Candida spp. (29%); endocervix, Candida spp. (23%); and urine, E. coli (19%). All bacterial isolates were sensitive to norfloxaxin Conclusions : Pregnancy outcomes in pPROM at KATH are unsatisfactory. Further controlled studies on pPROM are advocated and use of norfloxacin in pregnancy needs reconsideration. Keywords : Fetal membranes, microbial organisms.
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Musculoskeletal disorders: Epidemiology and treatment seeking behavior of secondary school students in a Nigerian community - Adegbehingbe, Olayinka O; Fatusi, Adesegun O.; Adegbenro, Caleb A.; Adeitan, Opeyemi O; Abass, Ganiyu O; Akintunde, Akintomiwa O (Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2009)
Epidemiological information paucity exists on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among secondary school students in Nigeria. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and treatment seeking behaviors (TSB) of MSD in Southwest, Nigeria.A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected secondary schools in Ile-Ife in 2007. All the students were screened for MSD using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical examination, which involved the use of a scoliometer and a goniometer. Affected children were recommended for follow-up treatment and a plain radiography taken.A total of 133 students had 204 MSD representing a 3.0% prevalence among the 4,441students screened. Eighty-one (60.9%) students had congenital disorders and 52 (39.1%) were acquired. The lower limbs (93.1%) were most commonly affected and 87 (65.4%) students presented with a knee deformity. Other abnormalities were limb length discrepancy 6.8%, scoliosis 4.4%, Pes planus 3.9%, and poliomyelitis 2.9%. A total of 100 students (75.2%) had no form of treatment, 18.8% receive treatment in the hospital, 3.7% received treatment in a traditional healing home and 2.3% received treatment in a church. Age, family, and school type were significant factors (P<0.05) in health-seeking behavior. The factors affecting treatment outcome were the place of treatment, hospital specific treatment, and reasons for stopping treatment.Treatable cases constitute a large proportion of MSD among secondary school students, but TSB was generally poor. Parental socio-economic and health services factors were related to the health-seeking behavior. Strengthening of school health services and improved linkage with orthopedic services, community education on MSD, and education of all cadres of health professionals are recommended.
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Musculoskeletal disorders: Epidemiology and treatment seeking behavior of secondary school students in a Nigerian community - Adegbehingbe, OlayinkaO; Fatusi, AdesegunO; Adegbenro, CalebA; Adeitan, OpeyemiO; Abass, GaniyuO; Akintunde, Akintomiwa (Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2009)
Epidemiological information paucity exists on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among secondary school students in Nigeria. We aimed to determine prevalence, pattern, and treatment seeking behaviors (TSB) of MSD in south-west Nigeria.A school-based cross sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected secondary schools in Ile-Ife in 2007. All the students were screened for MSD using interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical examination, which involved use of scoliometer and goniometer. Affected children were recommended for treatment and plain radiography taken.A total of 133 students had 204 MSD representing 3.0% prevalence among the 4,441students screened. Eighty-one (60.9%) students had congenital disorders and 52 (39.1%) were acquired. The lower limbs (93.1%) were most commonly affected and 87 (65.4%) students presented with knee deformity. Other abnormalities were limb length discrepancy 6.8%, scoliosis 4.4%, pes planus 3.9%, and poliomyelitis 2.9%. One hundred students (75.2%) had no form of treatment, 18.8% receive treatment in the hospital, 3.7% in traditional healing home and 2.3% in church. Age, family, and school type were significant factors (P < 0.05) in health seeking behavior. The factors affecting treatment outcome were the place of treatment, hospital specific treatment, and reasons for stopping treatment.Treatable cases constitute a large proportion of MSD among secondary school students, but TSB was generally poor. Parental socio-economic and health services factors were related to the health seeking behavior. Strengthening of school health services and improved linkage with orthopedic services, community education on MSD, and education of all cadres of health professionals are recommended.
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Teachers' Production, Utilization and Turnover Patterns in the Primary School Education System in Nigeria - Adegbesan, Sunday O.; Gbadamosi, Lasun (2009)
With regard to the quality of teachers produced in Nigeria, the quality of results and number of pupils who graduate to secondary schools have continued to fall. This claim has been blamed on the inadequate, inefficient and ineffectiveness of teachers among other factors still, institutions continue to train millions of teachers yet they are not adequate in the system. The call to address these issues of inadequacy, inefficiency and ineffectiveness yielded negative result by the government and other stakeholders because the magnitude of the problem is alarming and capable of causing crisis within the primary education system. This paper now critically looks at the state of teachers' production, utilization and turnover patterns at primary school level and gives suggestions as recommendation which would serve as solutions to the deficiencies highlighted.
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Outcome of term singleton breech deliveries at a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria - Adegbola, Omololu; Akindele, Olubukola Abosede (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
To determine the incidence, review the management as well as the maternal and perinatal outcome of singleton breech presentation at term at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH).A review of the 108 singleton term breech deliveries that took place at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over 30 months from 1st January 2005 to 30th June 2007.The incidence of singleton term breech delivery was 3.4% and eighty seven per cent of the delivery was by caesarean section. Babies delivered by caesarean section were more likely to have first and fifth minute Apgar Scores greater than 7 compared to those delivered vaginally (p < 0.001). The perinatal mortality rate was more than four times higher in singleton term breech deliveries when compared to singleton term cephalic deliveries. The mean estimated blood loss following caesarean delivery was 775.5 + 441.6 ml while that following assisted breech delivery was 253.6 + 217.9 ml and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean hospital stay of mothers following caesarean birth was 6.6 + 1.8 days while it was 3.1 + 1.5 days for those that had assisted breech delivery. This was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). However all the six women with puerperal complications occurred in women that had caesarean section.Babies delivered by caesarean section had better perinatal outcome compared with assisted vaginal breech delivery. Maternal morbidity occurring in the caesarean section group was not fatal.
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Achieving Egyptian higher education institutions' excellence through the application of the EFQM model: an investigative study - Adel, Riham (International Journal of Business Excellence, 2009)
Higher Education Quality (HEQ) has been a topic of interest for academicians and practitioners. It is evident from the published literature that this problem poses considerable challenges to higher education institutions worldwide in order for them to survive in the increasingly global market. Thus, to be competitive, the Egyptian Higher Education Institutions (EHEI) need to determine their current performance status constantly against a Business Excellence (BE) scale and identify their strengths and the areas where improvements can be made in different segments of the institutions to achieve sustainable excellence. A survey was carried out to identify the most significant enablers that trigger the EHEI to seek higher performance and facilitate the realisation of excellent results. The data was collected and analysed using AMOS 7.0, a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) software, which clearly revealed that the EHEI have core enablers that directly impact the results. Hence, the researcher asserts that improving these enablers will consequently improve the EHEI's overall excellence. The details of the study, the analysis and the results are presented in this paper.
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The Role of the Community in HIV/AIDS Education and Sexual Behaviour of Secondary School Students: A Study of a Rural Community in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Adelabu, Modupe Adeola (The international journal of interdisciplinary social sciences, 2009)
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RESPONSE OF THE AFRICAN EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE TO THE JAN 13-15, 1999 MAGNETIC STORM - Adeniyi, J.O.; Olawepo, A.O.; Obrou, O. K. (2009)
An analysis of the response of the equatorial ionosphere to the Jan 13-15, 1999 strong magnetic storm (Dst<-100nT) has been done using ionosonde data recorded at Korhogo (Lat. 9.30N, Long. 5.40 W; Dip -0.67). Parameters characterizing the F2-layer namely NmF2, hmF2, B0 and B1 were used. Deviations of these parameters from reference values revealed that the equatorial ionosphere shows both electron density enhancement (positivehase) and depletion (negative phase) during daytime and nighttime respectively. Of significance is the sharp collapse of ionization during the post noon hours.
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Africanization of Music Education in Nigeria within the Context of Globalization: A Critical Appraisal - Adeogun, AO; Mus, D (Journal of the Association of Nigerian Musicologists, 2009)
This paper investigates why culturally sensible music education which integrates the study of music into a larger social, cultural and historical framework has not taken place in Nigeria. It traces, historically, how music educators in Nigeria have come to present a monolithic, homogenous view of music education. It uses critical pedagogy to examine the relationship between knowledge and power, question the status quo and investigate “whose music” is/should be important in the Nigeria curriculum. It argues that, even in the context of globalization, the indigenous African musical way of being, thinking and generating knowledge should have the strongest emphasis.
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An Evaluation of the Study Patterns and Predictors of Women Distant Learners in Oyo and Osun States, Nigeria - Adepoju, Taiwo Lanre; Osuji, Sydney Nwanakponna (The International journal of learning (Online), 2009)
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An Evaluation of Private Sector Participation and Access to University Education in Nigeria - Adepoju, Taiwo Lanre; Owoade, R. O. (Journal of the world universities forum, 2009)
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Pattern and correlates of premenstrual symptomatology amongst Nigerian University students - Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Loto, Olabisi Morebise; Adewumi, Tomi A. (Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2009)
This study aimed to evaluate the pattern and correlates of premenstrual symptomatology amongst Nigerian female undergraduates. Female University students (n = 409) completed questionnaires detailing sociodemographic, menstruation/gynecological history and personality traits. They were then rated with a checklist for premenstrual symptoms. The most frequent premenstrual symptoms were 'breast tenderness' (35.5%), 'sleeplessness' (15.6%), 'decreased interest in usual activities' (15.4%), 'lethargy/easy fatigability/lack of energy' (13.2%) and 'change in appetite' (13.2%). The prevalence of premenstrual symptomatology was 50.1% and the correlates of increasing premenstrual symptomatology included increasing age, increasing severity of menstrual pain, personality traits of neuroticism and agreeableness and increasing body mass index. Although the rate of premenstrual symptomatology in sub-Saharan African women was comparable with that in the western cultures, there may be cross-cultural differences in the pattern of presentation. Dysmenorrhoea and personality traits should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing effective strategy to manage perimenstrual problems in this region.
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LOCUS OF CONTROL AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA - Adeyemi, B. A. (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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STUDENTS’ SELF CONCEPT, ATTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA - Adeyemi, B. A. (ICERI2009 Proceedings, 2009)
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Medical audit of diagnostic mammographic examination at the lagos university teaching hospital (luth), Nigeria - Adeyomoye, Adekunle; Awosanya, G O G; Adesanya, Adedoyin Adekunle; Anunobi, C C; Osibogun, Akin (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
We studied the performance of diagnostic mammography in predicting malignancy among patients presenting with signs and symptoms of malignancy.310 patients who presented to the surgical out-patients of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital with signs and symptoms of breast cancer, between January 2002 and December 2003 had mammographic evaluation with a dedicated mammography unit. The mammographic appearances were prospectively classified using the BI-RADS assessment categorisation, and histological confirmation following surgical excision was correlated with mammography.The overall sensitivity of mammography in the study was 82.8% (CI 78.6 - 87%) while specificity, Positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were 90.7% (CI 87.5-93.9%), 69.97% (CI 46.6 - 74.8%), and 89% (CI 85.5-92.5%) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that sensitivity and specificity generally declined as breast density increased.Diagnostic mammography is useful in characterising breast lesions. This study analyses the performance of mammography and shows that the resultant specificity is high, however it may have to be used in conjunction with needle biopsy to achieve improve sensitivity and avoid unnecessary benign surgical biopsies.
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The relationship between finance and academic performance of private secondary schools in Kenya a case study of Kisumu City Schools-Kenya - Adhiambo, Carren (2009)
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Misdiagnosis, Learning, and the Adoption of New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania - Adhvaryu, Achyuta (Social Science Research Network, 2009)
We examine the role of social learning in the adoption of a new and effective therapy for malaria. In our model, individuals learn about the effectiveness of the new therapy by observing the health outcomes of past adopters. We show that misdiagnosis of malaria -- which is common in resource-poor settings -- can slow the learning process and stifle adoption. Using data from a pilot program which distributed the new therapy through health facilities in Tanzania, we estimate a learning effect and test for the role of misdiagnosis in learning and adoption. Our empirical strategy accounts for various potential sources of bias, including persistence in the local disease environment and selection into adoption based on the severity of illness. We find that when past adopters have poor health outcomes, the subsequent probability of adoption decreases. This learning effect is smaller in villages where misdiagnosis is more prevalent, and adoption rates in these places are lower over time. Finally, we simulate pairing the introduction of the new therapy with a new diagnostic test for malaria. The results of the simulation show that when misdiagnosis is reduced, learning occurs more quickly and adoption rates are higher.
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Pesticide education for school children in Nigeria. - Adikuru, N.; Echereobia, C. (2009)
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Resistance from the Margin: Voices of African-Canadian Parents on Africentric Education - Adjei, Paul Banahene; Agyepong, Rosina (2009)
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ICT-based training in nuclear instrumentation in Algeria - Adjerad, Athmane (International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, 2009)
The Atomic Energy Commission (COMENA) has taken some active steps for the adoption of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-based training modules in the Maintenance of Nuclear Instrumentation (MNI). The overall objective of this programme is to establish a sustainable national capability to use the potential of ICT for training and education in nuclear science and applications. This article reviews a pilot experience launched from the telecentre of the Nuclear Research Center of Algiers (CRNA). It describes the organisational and material means for a good and successful training experience, the obstacles met, the challenges taken up and finally, some proposals for a better implementation of this training mode for nuclear instrumentation.
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Mathematics and science teacher education in South Africa: A review of research, policy and practice in times of change - Adler, Jill; Pournara, Craig; Taylor, Dale L.; Thorne, Barbara; Moletsane, Grace (African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 2009)
The social, political and educational policy changes in South Africa provide a backdrop to this paper. Its authors report recent (2000–2006) research into the education of science and mathematics teachers in this country. International research trends provide a frame for the survey. Findings suggest that most of the research in both science and mathematics teacher education consists of small scale qualitative studies, generally conducted in urban contexts and among teachers participating in formal in-service programmes. In science teacher education, research emphases appear to have shifted towards process skill development, nature of science (NOS) and indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) while still acknowledging the importance of content knowledge. In mathematics teacher education research, there is a strong emphasis on the specificity of mathematical knowledge for mathematics teaching and teacher learning, with curriculum reform recently in focus in both mathematics and science teacher education literature. Gaps in the research have also been identified, including the education of primary mathematics and science teachers, teacher education for life sciences and the education of teachers in and for rural contexts. The authors argue for further research into mathematics and science teacher education and conclude with a research agenda focused on an examination of teacher education practices, investigations into primary teacher education, studies into life sciences teacher education and empirical research across diverse schooling contexts, with particular attention being paid to rural education.
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Incidence of normal pineal and chroids plexus calcification on brain CT (computerized tomography) at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Admassie, Daniel; Mekonnen, Abebe (PubMed, 2009)
To determine the incidence of normal calcification of pineal gland and choroids plexus on Brain -CT (computerized Tomography) and to see its association with age and sex.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Radiology Department, Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 2001 to August 2002. A total of 518 patients; 312 males and 206 females underwent brain-CT without pineal or choroids plexus pathology.The over all incidence of normal pineal gland calcification was 72.0 % and that of choroid plexus 43.3 %. The incidence of normal pineal gland and choroids plexus calcification were higher in males than in females by 13.1% and 6.0% respectively. The frequency of pineal gland and choroids plexus calcification showed a steady increase with age on both sex groups.The incidence of normal pineal gland calcification in this study is similar to most of the findings of other studies while the incidence of choroids plexus calcification was lower as compared the finding of other studies.
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An Audit Of Otorhinolaryngological Practice In A Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Adoga, Adeyi A; Nimkur, Tonga L; Adekwu, Amali; Ma’an, Nuhu D (The Internet journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2009)
Background We sought to audit otorhinolaryngologic practice in our center with a view to providing recommendations for improved patient care. Method A prospective audit of patients presenting to our otorhinolaryngology clinic from June 2007 to May 2008 was done. Results Four hundred and eighty six new patients were seen aged between 3 months and 82 years. There were 262 (53.9%) males and 224 (46.1%) females. Otologic presentations accounted for 238 (49%) patients, nasal presentations177 (36%) patients, throat presentations65 (14%) patients and head and neck presentations6 (1%) patients. There were 154 admissions and 106 surgical procedures were performed with limited personnel, diagnostic and therapeutic facilities to administer patient care. Conclusion Adequate provision of diagnostic and therapeutic facilities with specialized personnel training will improve patient care and outcome.
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Nigerian Inservice Teachers' Self-Assessment in Core Technology Competences and Their Professional Development Needs in ICT - Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, Sam E.O. (Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 2009)
AbstractIt is no longer a question whether or not technology should be used in the classroom. The emphasis is ensuring that teachers use technology effectively to create new opportunities for students to learn and raise their achievement. The use of technology in the classroom requires teachers to be knowledgeable and competent in ICTs and to integrate them into the curriculum, align them with student learning goals, and use them to engage learners in a quest for meaningful academic development. This study was a survey designed to engage postgraduate inservice teachers from selected universities in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria in self-assessment of core technology competence. There were 238 participants, including 108 male and 130 female teachers, who responded to a 61-item Likert-type questionnaire. The study was also designed to determine the professional development needs of the inservice teachers and their preferred mode of professional development. Results revealed that the majority o...
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Availability and Utilization of Classroom Computers Across Urban and Rural Schools in Southwestern Nigeria - Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, Samuel Ereyi; Iyamu, Ede O. S. (International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 2009)
The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and use of classroom computers in urban and rural schools in Southwestern Nigeria. Since it is nearly a universal agreement that, when properly utilized, computers hold a great deal of promise to improve teaching and learning, it is pertinent to ascertain the availability of computer facilities and their use by teachers in secondary school in urban and rural schools in Southwestern Nigeria. Data for the study was collected through a structured questionnaire which was administered to 540 (300 male and 240m female) teachers in the schools. The result indicated that the urban schools were better equipped with computers than the rural schools. Also, it was found that the female teachers utilized computer facilities in their instructional activities than the male teachers. Recommendations were made as to how the situation can be improved in terms of computer supply and usage in the schools.
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Accreditation and Certification Issues in Nigerian Schools - Afemikhe, Omaze Anthony; Egbekuse, Jennifer; Imobekhai, Sylvanus (2009)
Education is a big industry in Nigeria. At the Primary and Secondary (High school) levels schools are being established on a regular basis. It is however not an all comers ‘market’ as certain guidelines must be followed as part of schools’ accreditation; and certification at the completion of school programmes. Education is on the concurrent legislative list, making these issues to vary from state to state. With public examining at the end of senor secondary school (SSS), issues having a bearing on accreditation and certification may show some uniformity. This paper attempts to explore the accreditation and certification issues as they relate to the nine-year basic education programme to bring out the similarities and differences across states. The same issues as they operate within the SSS programme would also be examined. In addition, commonalities and differences between the two levels are outlined and import for educational development particularly for developing countries are carefully examined.
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Home Grown School Feeding Programmes in Africa - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2009)
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Home Grown School Feeding Programmes in Africa - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2009)
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Impact of climate change on health and current policy responses in West Africa. - África, South (2009)
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