Multigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Uganda, Senegal, and The Gambia - Mulkeen, Aidan; Higgins, Cathal (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
Multigrade teaching is an increasingly important policy option for African countries as they seek to provide schooling for out-of-school children in areas of low population density. In multigrade teaching, a teacher works with students from two or more grade levels at the same time, in a single classroom. This study examines the challenges of implementing and supporting multigrade teaching through case studies of multigrade schooling in Uganda, Senegal, and The Gambia. These three countries offered different perspectives. In Uganda the schools observed mainly used one teacher to teach two grades, and had benefitted from a pilot project that had provided specialist training for teachers and additional learning materials. In Senegal, there were different models of multigrade schooling, including some experimental one-teacher schools. In The Gambia, multigrade teaching was being used largely by default, as shortages of teachers left some schools with more classes than teachers. From these three very varied cases, some general patterns emerged. Multigrade teaching was widely used in all three countries. It was estimated that 20 percent of primary schools in Uganda and 18 percent in Senegal had some multigrade classes. In most cases this use of multigrade teaching was not part of a planned initiative, but a practical response to teacher shortages. Multigrade teaching is a promising option for provision of education services in small schools. In Uganda the quality of the pilot multigrade schools was perceived to be comparable to monograde schools in the same area, attendance and retention were higher, and examination results were similar.
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Climate change impact on Sub-Saharan Africa : An overview and analysis of scenarios and models - Müller, Christoph (2009)
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Prevalence of Refractive errors among Primary School Pupils in Kilungu Division of Makueni District, Kenya - Muma, MK; Kimani, K; Wanyoike, MM Kariuki –; Ilako; Njuguna, M (Medical journal of Zambia, 2009)
Objective: To determine the magnitude and pattern of significant refractive errors in primary school children in Kilungu division of Makueni District, Kenya. Design: A cross – sectional primary school based study. Setting: Eight (8) Primary school in Kilungu division of Makueni District, Kenya. Target population: 1439 Primary school pupils aged between 12 and 15 years. Results: The prevalence of significant refractive error was 5.2%, 75/1439, (95% CI) being responsible for 92.6 % of all causes of poor eyesight. Hypermetropia accounted for 3.2% (95% CI), myopia 1.7% (95% CI) and astigmatism 0.3% (95% CI) of refractive errors. Myopia was more likely to be present in the pupils aged 14 to 15 years than those aged 12 to 13 years with OR 2.9 (0.1 – 9.2) which was statistically significant (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of significant refractive errors in pupils aged 12 to 15 years in Makueni's Kilungu division at 5.2% (95% CI) was high enough to justify a regular school eye screening in primary schools in Kenya. Keywords : Refractive errors, Children, Prevalence, Kenya
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Representative nature of scientific literacy themes in a high school chemistry course: the case of Zambia - Mumba, Frackson; Hunter, William J. (Chemistry Education. Research and Practice, 2009)
The purpose of this study was to find out how the scientific literacy themes are represented in the current Zambian high school chemistry syllabus, textbooks and grade twelve chemistry examination papers in an attempt to find out whether or not the chemistry course has adequate potential to contribute to the preparation of scientifically literate citizens. The results show some disparity among the high school chemistry course materials. The chemistry syllabus had a better representation of the scientific literacy themes than the chemistry textbooks and examination papers. The chemistry textbooks mostly emphasized science as a body of knowledge theme, whereas the examination papers mostly covered the investigative nature of science theme. Both the chemistry syllabus and examination paper 2 placed some emphasis on the interaction of science and technology theme. Despite the disparity in the representation of scientific literacy themes among the high school chemistry course materials, the course has adequate potential to contribute to the preparation of scientifically literate citizens.
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The status of music education in the selected high schools in Lusaka Province, Zambia - Mumpuka, Aloysio Katwishi (2009)
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Analysis of Climate Change and its Impacts on Productive Sectors, Particularly Agriculture in Tanzania - Munishi, Pkt (2009)
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The influence of family and community on school dropout among rural adolescents in Zambia - Munsaka, Ecloss (New Voices in Psychology, 2009)
Annual surveys conducted by the Ministry of Education in Zambia have repeatedly indicated that school dropout is most rampant among rural adolescents. Apart from these annual surveys, no study has been conducted in Zambia to ascertain why school dropout is more common among rural adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out how families and communities in which adolescents live influence school dropout. A qualitative sample of five female and five male dropouts aged between 18 and 22 years, who dropped out of school at adolescence was purposively selected for the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, which were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological analysis. The following themes emerged as factors which led adolescents to drop out of school: lack of role models; education is a waste of time; bad influence from peers; lack of parental involvement in the education of their children; and low socioeconomic status.
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Understanding school dropout among adolescents in a rural site of southern Zambia - Munsaka, Ecloss (2009)
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Phenotypic assessment and molecular diversity evaluation using simple sequence repeats of Kenyan sorghum germplasm under drought stress conditions - Munyiri, Arthur K (2009)
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The Causes of Dropping out inPrimary Schools in Mukogodo Division in Laikipia District, Kenya - Munyiri, Lucy W (2009)
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Adolescents Perceptions on Sexuality, HIV and AIDS in Selected Schools of Kwekwe District, Zimbabwe - Muparamoto, Nelson; Chigwenya, A. (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2009)
Conventional AIDS education programs, aimed at young people, but devised and implemented by adults, seem to have limited impact throughout Africa. All too often, such programs consist principally of imparting general information about HIV and AIDS, warning pupils of the dangers of sex before marriage and admonishing them to live according to a set of strict moral or religious precepts with little or no regard to the realities of sexuality as experienced in particular milieus. This study documented the perceptions of in-school adolescents on sex, HIV, and AIDS education programs in schools. In this era, where beneficiary participation is considered key in all development initiatives, it becomes obvious that pupils must be meaningfully involved in the formulation of HIV and AIDS prevention strategies. In this research sex, HIV, and AIDS education programs in schools are discussed within the context of poststructural arguments (Foucault), actor oriented approach (Long), and symbolic interactionism. Qualitative methodology was utilized in the collection and analysis of data because it enabled an indepth understanding of the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of adolescents’ perceptions and attitudes. The study unveiled that adolescents are the missing link in school based HIV and AIDS interventions and that unless and until they become the focal point through greater and meaningful participation, current initiatives will continue having minimal impact.
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The role of vocational education and technical training in economic growth: a case of Botswana - Mupimpila, Christopher; Narayana, N. (International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 2009)
Over time, there has been a significant rise in vocational education and technical training in Botswana. This article shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and vocational education and technical training in the country. However, job creation in the formal sector is limited, given the size of the domestic market. It is necessary that the expansion of vocational and technical training should be accompanied with appreciable growth in employment in the formal sector. Botswana should produce for the regional market in Southern Africa in order to circumvent the smallness of the domestic market. Outward-looking, export production can loosen the most binding constraints to economic growth with structural change in the country.
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A Review of the Training Needs for Revenue enhancem ent for local Authorities in Kenya - Murigu, Jennifer; Nzioki, Nicky; Kariuki, Catherine (2009)
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Factors associated with cohabitation among university students in Nairobi, Kenya - Muriithi, Joseph K.; Ngige, Lucy W.; Mugenda, Olive M. (2009)
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Texas Public School Counselors' Perceptions of Family Strengths in African American Hurricane Katrina Evacuee Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Study. - Murphy, Patricia Marie (2009)
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Teachers in Ghana - Murphy, Paud (2009)
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LEARNING TO LIVE TOGETHER: AN EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS OF MANAGING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN TEN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT CENTRES IN SOUTH AFRICA - Murray, Jaclyn; Casas, Enric Roca (2009)
This study explores how South African Early Childhood Development (ECD) Practitioners and families meet the needs of the increasing number of children from diverse cultural backgrounds in their care. Research participants were identified through ten ECD centres located in two urban communities in the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa. The values and attitudes held by Practitioners and families vis-a-vis cultural diversity was investigated, along with the knowledge and strategies they employ to manage cultural diversity in ECD programmes. The intercultural education model provides the necessary tools to address the challenges identified.
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Factors influencing performance of students in private primary teacher training colleges in Kenya - Murungu, Ann Jm (2009)
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Indigenous Language Rights in the Education of First-Graders of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. - Musehane, Nelson Mbulaheni (2009)
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Coping with water scarcity: The social and environmental impact of the1982-1992 droughts on Makokoba Township, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe - Musemwa, Muchaparara (2009)
This chapter analyses the social, environmental, and health implications of water scarcity and explores its effects on the daily lives of Makokoba. Problems associated with water scarcity for the residents of Makokoba and Bulawayo in Zimbabwe began with the BCCs panic responses to the impending water shortages. Enforcement measures included high fines and intermittent cutting off supplies to induce co-operation. The effects of the dry spell on the people of Makokoba were the increased cost of vegetables and diseases like diarrhoea and blisters, which happened due to lack of hygiene. The water rationing curtailed water supplies for the maintenance of eFusini , resulting in the drying up of the lawns. One of the most important coping strategies for residents in Makokoba was to rely on community networks. The chapter has demonstrated the extent to which decisions can create social, health and environmental costs that often only the poor pay for. Keywords: BCC; Bulawayo; diarrhoea; eFusini ; Makokoba; water scarcity; Zimbabwe
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Assessment of education interventions by world vision and compassion international on orphans and vulnerable children of Rakai District, Uganda - Musinguzi, Robert (2009)
A dissertation submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the master of arts degree in sociology of Makerere University.
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Tinkering with the Tinker: Meeting Training Needs in the Informal Sector of Chad - Muskin, Joshua A. (2009)
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Children, investments in education and poverty in Malawi - Mussa, Richard (2009)
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An analysis of performance in english at Kenya certificate of secondary education examination - Mutea, Zipporah K (2009)
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Climate change impacts and adaptation in the agricultural sector: the case of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. - Mutekwa, Vurayayi Timothy (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2009)
This paper discusses the findings of the research study that was carried out in Zimbabwe among predominantly smallholder farmers on their knowledge of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. The main aim of the research was to assess climate change and weather issues of relevance to smallholder farmers’ activities, views and knowledge about climate change, its impacts and adaptation strategies. These farmers are vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to their marginal location, low levels of technology, and lack of other essential farming resources. The paper utilizes information from interviews of agricultural extension officers, desk-based research, literature review, and questionnaire surveys administered to smallholder farmers in Murowa Ward, Zvishavane district. The majority of farmers indicated that prolonged wet, hot, and dry weather conditions affect the efficient use of their resources and investment decisions. Some specific impacts of these conditions include, among others, crop damage, death of livestock, soil erosion, bush fires, poor plant germination, pests, lower incomes, and deterioration of infrastructure. Some farmers professed ignorance about climate change and how it will affect their future farming activities. Other farmers pointed out high frequency and severity of drought, excessive precipitation, drying up of rivers, dams and wells, and changes in timing and pattern of seasons as evidence of climate change. Suggested adaptation strategies include strengthening and improving indigenous land and water management practices, use of decision support tools, such as seasonal weather forecast data, growing drought resistant crops, improving indigenous animal breeds, and development of irrigation infrastructure. It is, therefore, concluded that there is need to conscientise farmers about climate change and design adaptation strategies that take into cognizance existing local level knowledge and practices on land and water management. There is also need to avail agricultural research results relevant to the small holder farmers and train them on how to use the results to make informed on-farm investment decisions.
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Presence of schistosomiasis in genital biopsies from patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia - Mutengo, Mable; Mudenda, Victor; Mwansa, James; Kaonga, K.; Sianongo, Sandie; Wamulume, H.I.; Shinondo, CJ (Medical journal of Zambia, 2009)
Background: Ectopic localizations of the adult Schistosomes and ova in the genital tract of individuals living in schistosoma endemic areas are common. The infection can affect both male and female reproductive organs, and although it is predominant in adult women, case reports in girls younger than 15 years of age have been documented. Objective: The objective of this review was to determine and document the presence of genital schistosomiasis from biopsy specimens. M ethods: Patientslaboratory records at the University Teaching Hospital histopathology laboratory for the period 2001 to 2007 were retrieved and reviewed for reports on the presence of schistosomiasis. Data were analysed by age, sex and biopsy site. Results: Thirty eight (65.5%) of the 58 specimens with schistosomiasis were from the genital organs. Female genital tract schistosomiasis was more prevalent (84.2%) than male genital schistosomiasis (15.8%), p<0.001. Schistosomiasis was high in biopsy specimens collected from the cervix (34.2%), followed by those from the vulva (13.2%). In male patients, the distribution of the infection was 2 (5.3 %) each in the prostate, spermatic cord and testicular tissues. M alignancy was clinically suspected in 74% of genital schistosomiasis patients but histologically only 3 cases of malignancy were detected alongside the schistosoma infections. Conclusion: Our results indicate that genital schistosomiasis is common in Zambia. Uterine cervical schistosomiasis was the most prevalent form of female genital schistosomiasis and mostly affected middle aged women.
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Verbal Interactions in Physics Classrooms in Some Selected Secondary Schools in Matungulu Division, Kangundo District, Kenya. - Muteti, W. J. (2009)
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Challenges of budget implementation by the Kenya commission for higher education - Muthinji, Eutycus M (2009)
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Teachers perception of female head teachers' leadership styles in public secondary schools in nairobi province, Kenya - Muthondu, Grace W (2009)
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Vocational Training: Addressing Child Labour in Kenya - Mutie, PM (2009)
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Factors influencing performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) - Mutiso, Fredrick S (2009)
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A study of teachers' perceptions on supervisory duties of public primary schools headteachers in Ol-Joro-Orok Division, Nyandarua North District, Kenya. - Mutitu, Ayub N (2009)
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An investigation into the impact of sanitary towels availability on girls child performance in primary schools. the case of selected schools in Bungoma district, Kenya - Mutoro, Nasimiyu O (2009)
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Factors influencing participation of students in public secondary schools in Marakwet District, Kenya - Mutwol, Lawrence C K (2009)
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Physical trauma experience among school children in periurban Blantyre, Malawi - Muula, Adamson S; Misiri, Humphreys E (International archives of medicine, 2009)
Physical trauma is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Africa. There are however, few community-based reports on the subject on the continent. The present study was conducted to explore school children's experience of physical trauma in a disadvantaged periurban area of Blantyre, in Malawi.A cross sectional questionnaire study was carried out among school children in Ndirande-Blantyre, Malawi in 2004. Data were obtained to describe the following aspects of trauma experience: being a victim or observer of motor vehicular accidents involving pedestrians; history of falls from heights; and knowledge about road safety. Sex differences were determined for some of the variables in order to gain insights as to whether there is a difference in trauma experience between boys and girls.A total of 217 school children, 99 (45.6%) boys and 118 (54.4%) girls participated in the study. Eight of them reported to have ever been hit by a motor vehicle, 87 (40.1%) had witnessed a road accident where a pedestrian had been hit and 83 (38.2%) had witnessed a pedestrian they knew having been hit by a motor vehicle. Of those that reported to have ever been hit by motor vehicle, 2 (25%) reported that they had been hospitalized as a result of injury. With regard to falling from heights, 86 reported to have ever fallen from tree, 44 of these (51.2%) were injured from the fall and 14 (16.3%) were hospitalized as a result of injury sustained from the fall. Girls were more likely to fall from trees and getting injured as compared to males (p = 0.04 for both situations). Just under half (41.9%) of the study participants were able to report the correct procedure of crossing the road despite the fact that the majority (80%) reported having been taught road safety at home or school.Many school children in Blantyre, Malawi have been exposed to trauma either involving themselves or someone they observed. Prevention, including education, supervision and management of trauma must receive the necessary attention they deserve in terms of resources, surveillance and impact mitigation.
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Preparation of adolescent learners with down syndrome in cape metropole schools, South Africa, for transition to work - Muvua, Ancent Muli (2009)
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The participation of deaf pupils in religious activities at a mission school in Zimbabwe - MUZEMBE, Hannah Perpetua; Musengi, Martin; Makahamadze, Tompson (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2009)
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Challenges of implementing Moe’ strategic plan by girl’s public secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya. - Mwachia, Matilda T (2009)
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Behavioural change vis-á-vis HIV&AIDS knowledge mismatch among adolescents. The case of some selected schools in Zomba, Malawi - Mwale, Marisen (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2009)
Most researchers on adolescent reproductive health and related susceptibility to contracting HIV/AIDS have highlighted the ironical mismatch preponderant between adolescent knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics and behavioural change exemplified in part by abstinence but also condom use. The paradox is compounded by the fact that survey data seems to depict heightened knowledge of the dynamics per se. Empirical data has previously posited variables as peer pressure and other psychosocial factors as the crisis at adolescence as explaining the anomaly. Results in the current study however unveil the culture of silence; the disdain towards AIDS messages and retrogressive cultural practices as alternative explanation. The results were obtained through survey data from adolescent students in selected schools in Zomba, a district in southern Malawi, and are discussed within the larger context of the applicability of cognitive dissonance theory to the AIDS pandemic.
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Education in post conflict countries case study: The teaching of history and the genocide in Rwanda - Mwambari, David (2009)
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Arts and Sciences in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in International Relations
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Environmental and climate change in Africa Legal perspectives - Mwebaza, Rose; Kotzé, Louis J. (2009)
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Preparing North American Preservice Teachers for Global Perspectives: An International Teaching Practicum Experience in Africa. - Mwebi, Bosire Monari; Brigham, Susan M. (Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 2009)
Given the economic, political, and social conditions in the world today and the increased diversity in Canadian classrooms, schools require teachers who have a strong sense of self-awareness and understanding of global issues. This article is based on empirical research involving preservice teachers from an Atlantic Canadian university. The preservice teachers did six weeks of teaching practicum in Africa. We draw on the theories of Africentricity and transformative learning to inform our analysis. Our findings suggest that preservice teachers who did their practicum in Africa increased their self-awareness, and enhanced their personal efficacy and understanding of cross-cultural, diversity, and globalization issues, which has informed their subsequent teaching practice in public school systems. We conclude with recommendations for teacher education programs.
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Policy from Below: Should the Experiences of Teachers Working in Hardship Areas in Rural Schools in Kenya Count - N, Joseph Musembi (2009)
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The Politics of Naming and the Challenge for Recruiting and Retaining Teachers for Rural Remote Schools in Kenya. - N, Joseph Musembi (2009)
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Implications And Challenges Of Nigerian Universities As Learning Organizations - Nakpodia, E. D. (Academic Leadership The Online Journal, 2009)
University education as a learning organization started in Europe in the eleventh century, and one of thefirst universities in Africa was the one in Timbuktu. Fafunwa (1971) has indicated that the 1945 reportsof the Commission on Higher Education in the colonies have shown that since the world wars,Nigerians have always demonstrated an insuppressible desire for higher education because it wasseen as an important weapon against the colonial masters in the quest for emancipation and nationaldevelopment. As early as 1944 therefore, there were already about 10 Nigerians who were studying inSierra Leone at the Fourah Bay College of the University of Durham, about the same time educationalhistorians have reported that there were as many as 150 Nigerians studying for various first degrees inthe United Kingdom.
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The Influence Of Principals’ Leadership Styles On Teachers And Students In Nigerian Secondary Schools - Nakpodia, E. D.; null, null; null, null; null, null (Academic leadership (Murfreesboro, Tenn.), 2009)
In every organization there are basic characteristics such as: the systems are peopled. These peopleare inconstant interaction for a purpose, and the above interactions are interdependent. Theinterdependent nation of the interactions is built into institutions and organizations as it is in theecclesia. These institutions and organizations are usually sited in a particular geographical locationunder a sustainable leadership in the ecclesia are the laity subjected to effective leadership (Parks,2005).
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Barriers to Girls’ Secondary School Participation: Retention and Completion in Jinja District- Eastern Uganda - Namaganda, Jessica (2009)
The importance of female education is well acknowledged in development studies and practice. While attainment of basic education formed the initial concerns culminating into many developing country governments’ putting in place programs of compulsory and free primary schooling, policy focus has now shifted to; the completion of primary schooling, transition into secondary schooling, retention in these secondary schools and it’s subsequent completion for girls to be able to make meaningful economic contributions in their societies. This study uses Jinja district in Uganda as a case study to deduce the factors that all together work towards the barring of girls from participating in secondary schooling. The methodology of the study uses Universal Secondary Education (USE) Programme as a base to select schools which have been targeted with this free schooling, to show other factors other than lack of tuition fees that affect girls’ retention and completion of secondary schooling and how these factors interact while affecting girls schooling. Methods used to collect data are one-to-one interviews with teachers, education officials, girls and boys in and out of school and reviewed secondary data sources. The study uses the intersectionality theory borrowed from feminist literature to analyse the intersections of factors which affects girls schooling. Results of the study show an interlocking of factors of gender, rural residence and economic class as all together disempowering to girls education in secondary schooling. While the study is based on an analysis that looks at the intricate difference of girls as a social category, it does not aim to show which type of girls are more disadvantaged, but how an interlocking of these barriers happens, so as to give a better sense of information that can be used to formulate polices aimed at ensuring more girls have secondary schooling. Relevance to Development Studies The multifarious benefits of female education attainment are well understood in development work such as; improvement in women’s own health outcomes and life expectancy, lowering of child and infant mortality and reduced fertility rates. In many sub-Saharan African countries, the gender gap in schooling is wide, and gets even wider the higher the school level. For girls to be able to access enough education that can make an impact that enables the break away from the cycle of poverty there is increasing need to focus not only on enrolment, but also on retention and the completion of secondary schooling.
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Prevalence of and factors associated with pain in ambulatory HIV and AIDS patients at the two teaching and referral Hospitals in Uganda. - Namisango, Eve (2009)
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements of the award of a Degree of Master of Statistics of Makerere University
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Decentralisation and Education in Africa: The Case of Uganda - Namukas, Immaculate K.; Buye, Ronald (2009)
This country-specific chapter examines the implementation process and the effects of decentralizing education in a developing country. The government of Uganda perceives many merits in transferring financial, legal, administrative and political authority from the central government to autonomous local governments. The current Ugandan government began decentralizing some public services in the regions under its control while it was still a rebel group. When it came to power, the government rapidly phased in country-wide decentralization as one of the policies supported by donor agencies. To date most government-administered services, including healthcare and education, are decentralized. Education has been more decentralized at the elementary school level and for financial tasks. With the implementation of Universal Primary Education in 1997, along with privatization and cost-sharing in higher education, school enrollment has increased significantly. Evaluation and monitoring procedures have been put in place, but corruption and mismanagement of resources remain a challenge for public education. For education to benefit from decentralization, educators and policy makers may need to re-conceptualize decentralization as an educational reform rather than seeing it as only a political reform.
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The Church: A Salient Support System for African-American College Students - Nance, Odelet (Growth: The Journal of the Association for Christians in Student Development, 2009)
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Funding Higher Education in Uganda in an Era of Growth - Nannyonjo, Harriet; Mulindwa, Innocent; Usher, Alex (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2009)
This note presents a review of the system of funding higher education in Uganda and provides government and stakeholders with some options for meeting the twin goals of increasing participation and quality in higher education, especially in science-related disciplines. Part I provides an overview of the current situation of Ugandan higher education. It begins with a brief review of the country s recent social and political history and continues on to describe the historical development and current situation of the country s higher education system. The final section provides an overview of the current state of debate about the way forward in improving financing of higher education in Uganda. In part II, possible solutions are outlined. The Government of Uganda has two broad policy goals for higher education. The first is to increase the number of graduates, especially in the areas of science and technology. The second is to expand access to universities to a broader selection of the Ugandan population, allowing those of lower socio-economic status to benefit as much as possible from higher education. Policies to achieve both of these goals are presented in Part II.
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Funding Higher Education in Uganda in an Era of Growth - Nannyonjo, Harriet; Mulindwa, Innocent; Usher, Alex (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
This note presents a review of the system of funding higher education in Uganda and provides government and stakeholders with some options for meeting the twin goals of increasing participation and quality in higher education, especially in science-related disciplines. Part I provides an overview of the current situation of Ugandan higher education. It begins with a brief review of the country s recent social and political history and continues on to describe the historical development and current situation of the country s higher education system. The final section provides an overview of the current state of debate about the way forward in improving financing of higher education in Uganda. In part II, possible solutions are outlined. The Government of Uganda has two broad policy goals for higher education. The first is to increase the number of graduates, especially in the areas of science and technology. The second is to expand access to universities to a broader selection of the Ugandan population, allowing those of lower socio-economic status to benefit as much as possible from higher education. Policies to achieve both of these goals are presented in Part II.
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Adaptation Challenges to Climate Change Disasters in the Karamoja Cluster(Cattle Corridor) in Uganda - Nanteza; JAMIAT, JAMIAT (地学前缘, 2009)
One of the challenges the world is facing today is global climate change and its associated impacts. Uganda is a climate sensitive country with over 90% of the population dependent on climate sensitive sectors.Gradual and sudden variations in climatic parameters will therefore render the livelihoods of Ugandans very vulnerable.A number of approaches to enhance the resilience of communities to climate
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Modelling monetary policy in South Africa: Focus on inflation targeting era using a simple learning rule - Naraidoo, Ruthira; Gupta, Rangan (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009)
A simple empirical nonlinear framework is used to analyse monetary policy between 1983 and 2007 in South Africa, focusing on the policy of in?ation targeting introduced in Feb 2000, more precisely when the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) announced that an inflation zone targeting regime of 3-6% would be in place. We find that a model specification embodying a simple inflation learning rule for the future inflation rate seems to provide a better understanding of the decision process made by the SARB in its interest rate setting policy. The main findings are that the adoption of inflation targeting led to significant changes in monetary policy, secondly, post-2000 monetary policy is asymmetric as policy-makers respond more to downward deviation of inflation away from the target, thirdly, post-2000 policy-makers may be attempting to keep inflation within the 4.5%-6.9% range rather than pursuing a target zone of 3-6% as generally pre- announced and fourthly, the response of monetary policy to in?ation is nonlinear as interest rates respond more when inflation is further from the target.
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The effectiveness of human resources code :staff development and training at a Namibian polytechnic - Naris, Sylvia N. (2009)
Thesis (MTech (Human Resource Management)Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-123)
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Place, Space and Time: Adult Education Experiences of Learners and Librarians in South African Public Libraries - Nassimbeni, Mary; May, Bev (Libri, 2009)
Drawing on results of a national survey, this article examines adult education in South African public libraries from the perspective of adult learners and librarians. Quantitative data from 589 libraries from the total sample of 1295 libraries was collected. This was supplemented by qualitative data collected during site visits to eleven libraries selected to cover geographical spread. The activities of the 26.7% of the libraries involved in adult education are analysed with a view to understanding the interventions through the experience and perceptions of the participants, and so arriving at an understanding of the contribution of the libraries' role in the fight against illiteracy which is acknowledged by the South African government as a serious impediment to its development efforts. An attempt is made to assess the extent to which the experiences in the libraries can be said to be particular to the local situation, or whether the lessons learned form part of a broader pattern of adult education policy and practice observed in other parts of the world, especially developing countries. It is concluded that, in spite of the modest scale of the interventions, the impact is sufficiently encouraging to recommend intensifying and spreading initiatives in the public library's drive for social inclusion.
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Inclusion Education: The South African Experience - Naylor, Nikki (2009)
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Gender Inequality and HIV Risk in South Africa: Education and Socio-economic Empowerment of Women as Protective Factors Against HIV Infection - Ncube, Butho (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2009)
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Transformational leadership as a predictor of effectiveness, satisfaction and dropout rate in adult education learners in eastern province, Kenya - Nderitu, Ann (2009)
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Policies and incentives for health worker retention in east and southern Africa: Learning from country research - Ndetei, David M.; Iipinge, Sakaria M.; Dambisya, Yoswa M.; Loewenson, René; Chimbari, Moses John; Munga, Michael A; Sibandze, Sibusiso; Lugina, Helen (2009)
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The implementation of the new curriculum in Namibia, with an emphasis on the Junior Secondary Accounting Sallybus (JSAS) and its uptake by teachers - Ndeunyema, Alpha (2009)
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"It Is a Catch 22 Situation":The Challenge of Race in Post-Apartheid South African Desegregated Schools - Ndimande, Bekisizwe S. (2009)
This article is part of a special issue edited by Marianne N. Bloch and Beth Blue Swadener.
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Plantations for construction timber in equatorial Africa: the Mbalmayo Forestry School arboretum in Southern Cameroon. - Ndongo, Pierre André Owona; Peltier, Régis; Linjouom, Ibrahim; Louppe, Dominique; Smektala, Georges; Béligné, Vincent; Njoukam, Raphaël; Tieche, Bernard; Temgoua, Lucie Félicité (Bois Et Forets Des Tropiques, 2009)
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The pattern of surgical admissions in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria: 1997-1999. - Ndu, Afam; Uzochukwu, Benjamin; Aguwa, E. N. (International Journal of Medicine and Health Development, 2009)
Aim: To describe the pattern of surgical admissions in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from 1997 to 1999. Materials and methods: The study was a retrospective study. Data were collected from the theatre registers, ward admissions and casualty admission records at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Results: Three thousand four and fifteen surgical patients were operated upon between January1997 and December 1999 in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. This constituted 15.8% of total admissions into the hospital within that time period. The commonest age group that had surgery was 0 – 9 years. The mean age of all surgical patients was 32.7years. Adult to paediatric ratio was 2.5: 1. Hernia (20.0%), intestinal obstruction (12.6%), appendicitis (10.8%), benign prostate hypertrophy (11.4%), cancer of the breast (10.0%) and goiter (8.4%) were the commonest surgical conditions. The digestive system and genitourinary systems were the most commonly affected systems. Emergency admission accounted for 18.1% of all surgical admissions while elective admissions accounted for the rest. Conclusion: More detailed research on the pattern of admissions is important in planning and should be carried out regularly as a management tool. Better record keeping and computerization of the records department is recommended. Keywords: Surgical, Admissions, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital
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Legal education in Zambia and the challenge of internationalisation and development - Ndulo, Muna (Zambia Law Journal, 2009)
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Information ethics education in Library and Information Science departments and schools in South Africa - Ndwandwe, SC; Ocholla, Dennis N.; Dube, Luyanda (Mousaion, 2009)
This paper investigates the nature and level of information ethics education in library and information science (LIS) departments in South Africa. The study entailed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in that a survey and content analysis were conducted. The study involved all 12 LIS departments in South Africa. Within these departments, the heads of department, lecturers teaching the module, and the course outlines / study guides for information ethics modules formed the target population. Data was collected via questionnaires that were emailed to the heads of the various LIS departments, who were also requested to forward a separate questionnaire to the lecturers teaching an information ethics module. Responses were received from 7 of the 12 LIS departments to which questionnaires were sent. The study revealed that in most LIS departments, information ethics is incorporated into the content of other modules and is not taught as a stand-alone course. In the LIS departments that offer a stand-alone information ethics module, the module is offered for the first time in second year, the rationale being that at this level students are sufficiently mature to appreciate information ethics. With the exception of one lecturer, who had a background in both LIS and Philosophy, all the lecturers had backgrounds in LIS only. In light of the ethical dilemmas facing information professionals, it is recommended that information ethics be made a significant component of LIS education and training, in which case it would be offered as a full stand-alone module.
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Teaching and learning of Information ethics in Library and Information Science Departments/Schools in South Africa - Ndwandwe, Sipho Cyril (2009)
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Information Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009.
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The social role of the school teacher in Ethiopia, from ca. 1860 to 1960: An Intorduction - Negash, Tekeste (2009)
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The use of Competence Based Education and Training (CBET), Interactive Teaching Methods, Learning-by-Doing and Student Focused Teaching at Agricultural Colleges in South Africa - Nel, Johan Christiaan (2009)
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Education in Cross-Cultural Settings: Psychological Underpinnings of Achievement in Papua New Guinea - Nelson, Genevieve F; Green, Jasmine; McInerney, Dennis M.; Dowson, Martin; Schauble, Andrew C. (2009)
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6. Resilience, power, culture, and climate: a case study from semi-arid Tanzania - Nelson, Valerie; Stathers, T. (2009)
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YOUNG LEARNERS AND PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE PORTUGUESE MESOLECT OF CAPE VERDE ( - Neves, Ana Cristina (2009)
Only limited sociolinguistic research which takes special account of young learners has been carried out on creole contexts. In the case of Cape Verde, phonetic descriptions of the several varieties within the Capeverdean Language (CVL) have been reported by Cardoso (1989), Veiga (1982, 1996a, 2000) and Quint (2000a). This last author does refer to the mesolectal spectrum of Cape Verde, but there are no sociolinguistic surveys on young learners. — The subject under study is set between the Capeverdean language (CVL) and standard European Portuguese (EP); it is the indigenized variety (IV) of Portu- guese spoken in Cape Verde by children aged 8-16 at school, a mesolectal ele- ment in this linguistic continuum. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the acquisition of sounds which undergo phonological variation among young learners. — The findings of this paper demonstrate that the field of phonology is more susceptible to the horizontal continuum, i.e., between regions and islands, than to the vertical one, which is related to pupils' age and cognitive develop- ment. Tokens with /r/ and vowels prove to be more sensitive to phonological variation with effects on territorial delimitation. Interestingly, the geographical continuum of this IV at this stage does not correspond to the conventional divi- sion of the Cape Verdean language into northern and southern varieties. Instead, a division between western and eastern islands has emerged.
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Transmodal semiosis in classrooms : case studies from South Africa - Newfield, Denise Roleen (2009)
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Problem-based learning (PBL) and medical school libraries in South Africa - Ngcobo, Nonhlanhla; Hoskins, Ruth (Mousaion, 2009)
Problem-based learning or PBL as a method of teaching or learning was recently introduced to medical schools in South Africa. This has had implications for medical school libraries attached to higher education medical institutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect PBL has had on medical school libraries in South Africa. Using the survey method and a self-administered questionnaire, medical school librarians in South Africa were surveyed. The findings indicated medical school libraries have been affected by the introduction of PBL. Librarians had to change the way they conducted user education. Medical school libraries needed the appropriate facilities and financial resources to support PBL, while librarians required certain knowledge and skills to participate effectively in PBL.
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Investigating the impact of improved cookstoves in Kenyan schools on PM10, CO,CO2,CH4 and N2O levels - Ngeywo, Emmanuel C (2009)
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Climate change adaptation strategies: Water resources management options for smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa - Ngigi, Stephen N. (2009)
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Job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in Tanzania : the case of Njombe district - Ngimbudzi, Fredy Wilson (2009)
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Collaborative design of educational digital libraries for African higher education - Ngimwa, Pauline (Bull. IEEE Tech. Comm. Digit. Libr., 2009)
This thesis will develop a model that can be used to guide collaborative design of educational digital libraries that are relevant to the learning objectives and are appropriate to African Higher Education. Factors affecting connections between educational digital library capabilities, learning processes and learners’ needs in higher education will be identified and used to develop the model. These factors will be identified through qualitative studies with the key players (i.e. academics, information professionals, digital library technical designers and students). The model will be iteratively developed and later evaluated for correctness by some of the key players. So far a preliminary literature review has been done to locate related work and identify knowledge gaps. In addition, a pilot study has been carried out and identified some temporal factors that will be pursued further in the proposed study.
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Copyright Issues and their Impact on Flexible Education in Africa - Ngimwa, Pauline (2009)
Information about the book: In many international settings, developing economies are in danger of declining as the digital divide becomes the knowledge divide. This decline attacks the very fabric of cohesion and purpose for these regional societies delivering increased social, health, economic and sustainability problems. The examples in this book will provide leaders, policy developers, researchers, students and community with successful strategies and principles of ICT use in education to address these needs. This book will discuss how educational technology can be used to transform education and assist developing communities to close the knowledge divide. It will provide comprehensive coverage of educational technology in development in different professions and parts of world. The book will provide examples of best practice, case studies and principles for educators, community leaders, researchers and policy advisers on the use of educational technology for development. In particular, it will provide examples of how education can be provided more flexibly in order to provide access to hitherto disadvantaged communities and individuals.
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Factors influencing headteachers' role in administration of public secondary schools in Nakuru district, Kenya - Ngina, Ruth S (2009)
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Impact and factors associated with gastro-intestinal parasitic infections among pupils in Thika District, Kenya - Ngonjo, Teresia (2009)
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A knowledge analysis of grade 12 geography textbooks used in South African schools. - Ngubeni, Thokozani Derrick. (2009)
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Analytical overview of entrepreneurship education in Kenya - Ngugi, Joseph (2009)
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Nursing the Future: e-Learning and Clinical Care, in Kenya - Nguku, Angela (2009)
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African agriculture needs to adapt to climate change : Africa - Nhemachena, Charles (2009)
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Primary education in Sierra Leone and development partnership with Britain :progress towards achieving Education for All (EFA) - Nishimuko, Mikako (2009)
One of the world's poorest countries, Sierra Leone, experienced a civil war from 1991 to 2002. The government has since been in the process of rebuilding the nation, including the education sector. Yet, the challenge is that Sierra Leone is a very poor country with about half of its national budget being donor-funded. Sierra Leone's former colonial master and largest aid provider, Britain, is a particularly important development partner. With donor assistance, the government introduced a free primary education policy to achieve the international goal of EFA. The net primary enrolment ratio has rapidly increased, from 35 per cent in 1992 to 63.0 per cent in 2004. However, field research based on observations, interviews with government officials, teachers and people engaged in Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) such as Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Faith-based Organisations (FBOs), and questionnaires from pupils, parents, teachers, NGOs and government officials, reveals worrying trade-offs in the quality of education provided. In addition, schools charge parents school fees to run their schools under the free education policy. This is one of the barriers to regular schooling for the vulnerable. Such findings show that the government lacks the ability to provide adequate public services to the people. CSOs have filled this democratic deficit and greatly contributed to the provision of education. However, an investigation of donor-recipient relationships in this area showed that there is a gap between the rhetoric and practice of partnership and in the development relationship. Using three development theories — Modernisation theory, Dependency theory and Postcolonial theory to analyse aid modality and trends in education plans and strategies, this research argues that Sierra Leone has been in transition with regard to establishing ownership of its national development, working with Britain as its main partner.
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The Evolvement of Recruitment Policy of Public Higher Education in South Africa——From the Perspective of Educational Equity - Niu, Changsong (Studies in Foreign Education, 2009)
South African higher education enrolment opportunity is determined by the government recruitment policy. Since 1994,in order to redress the legacy of inequality of apartheid era,democratic government has broken the restriction of race and gender and given opportunity to black students to go to colleges. The recruitment policies in South African higher education have undertaken three distinct periods as follows: during the first period of 1995-2000,the overall policy was that diverse, during the second period of 2000-2004,the Ministry of Education concluded that more is not better. In the post-2005 period,the policy has been that more,but diverse and differentiated. From these changes,it can be seen that there are conflict and dilemma between government intervention and institutional counter-reaction,equity and efficiency,enrolment expanding and quality improvement.
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Causes of teacher turnover in Catholic Church managed secondary schools in Meru diocese, Kenya - Njeru, Lawrence Gitonga (2009)
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Teachers' perceptions of quality assuarance and standards officers supervision in public secondary schools of central division, Laikipia district, Kenya - Njira, Mwangi J (2009)
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Assessing the impact of climate variability and change on maize performance in semi-arid eastern Kenya - Njiru, E. N. (2009)
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The Mount Cameroon Volcano, West Africa: an Active Link Between Recent Eruptives and Mantle Signatures of the Deep Past Beneath the Margins of Africa - Njome, Manga S.; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Wit, Maarten J. de (11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition, 2009)
Mount Cameroon, a 4095 m high stratovolcano is arguably the most active volcano in Equatorial West Africa, with seven eruptions during the last century. It is the only active member of the 1600 km long volcanic belt – “Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL)” - with a history going back ~ 80 Ma at the initial opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean during the Cretaceous. In order to decipher recent petrogenetic and geotectonic evolution of the CVL at this volcano, Lava samples of unknown ages but older than all 20th century lavas are investigated for their mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry and compared with the 20th century lavas that have been the only focus of petrological investigations for the past three decades. The data show all lavas as within plate and lava types (basalt, basanite/trachy-basalt, hawaiite and basaltic trachy-andesite) indicating these historical eruptions involved even more evolved magmas than those of the 20th century. The lavas are nepheline normative and show an alkaline affinity associated with rift-graben structures, fed from fissures and central vents. Most samples are olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase feldspar phyric with additional Fe-Ti oxide phenocrysts. Mineral chemistry data show the compositional range of olivine for older lava samples to be very wide (Fo58%-84%) and a broader plagioclase composition extending to intermediate andesine, a composition which has not been reported for any 20th century lavas. Despite these differences, primitive mantle normalized trace element spidergrams show similar pattern for these older lavas as the 20th century lavas, similar to OIB, confirming they all have a common mantle source of HIMU type. Thus, whilst the precise origin of the CVL is still disputed, it is clear that its mantle source area is not a transient plume. This has major implications for understanding mantle processes marginal to evolving passive Atlantic margins.
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Factors affecting braille competency among learners with total loss of vision in Kenya - Njue, Serah W. (2009)
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Causes of Severe Visual Impairment and Blindness in Children in Schools for the Blind in Eastern Africa: Changes in the Last 14 Years - Njuguna, M; Msukwa, Gerald; Shilio, Bernadeth; Tumwesigye, Cillasy; Courtright, Paul; Lewallen, Susan (Ophthalmic epidemiology, 2009)
Purpose: To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children attending schools for the blind in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Tanzania and to compare the findings with those of a 1994 study. Methods: Children attending schools for the blind or annexes in 4 eastern African countries were examined. The major anatomical site of and underlying etiology of severe visual impairment and blindness was recorded using the standardized World Health Organization (WHO) reporting form. Results: A total of 1062 children aged below 16 years were examined of whom 701 (65.2%) had severe visual impairment or blindness. The major anatomical sites of visual loss overall (% and 95% CI) were cornea scar/phthisis bulbi (19%,16.1–21.9), whole globe lesions (15.7%,13.0–18.4), retina (15.4 %, 12.7–18.1), lens related disorders (13.1%, 10.7–15.5), and optic nerve disorders (12.3%, 9.9–14.7). Corneal scar/phthisis was not distributed equally among the countries and was highest in Malawi, similar to findings in 1995. The major etiology of visual loss was childhood factors (29.9%) and an estimated 40% of severe visual impairment and blindness was due to potentially avoidable causes. Conclusion: The major causes of severe visual impairment and blindness overall have not changed appreciably since 1995. There are important differences among countries, however, and using overall estimates for planning may be misleading.
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Determinants of contraceptive use and sexual activity amongst school-going adolescents in Lesotho. - Nkambule, Vuyelwa Mantombi. (2009)
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Biomedical Engineering Education and Training in Nigeria - Nkuma-Udah, K. I.; Okoye, G. C.; Ndubuka, Gideon I. (2009)
In response to the desire to continually enhance quality of medical services and health care delivery using up to date medical technologies, there is increased demand for biomedical engineering professionals and related sciences world wide to effect these technologies. This requires a properly planned manpower development for these professionals.Biomedical engineering education is the development of knowledge of engineering, biology and medicine for use in the integration of the engineering sciences with the biomedical science and clinical practice to improve human health. while biomedical engineering training is the development of skills to enable one to improve human health through his/her activities in biomedical engineering.The commencement of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in biomedical engineering by the Federal University of Technology, Owerri leading to the award of Bachelor of Technology. Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in several areas of biomedical engineering marked the beginning of the turning point of biomedical engineering education in Nigeria.Current national efforts by Nigerian Institute for Biomedical Engineering (NIBE) to evolve standard and enduring biomedical engineering training, in Nigeria especially given its continuing professional development programmes is a worthy venture for the development of biomedical engineering training in Nigeria.However, Government and Corporate bodies have a lot of roles to play in biomedical engineering education and training in Nigeria. This can be done by way of placing cash prices, scholarships and awards for research contributions; fellowships and grants for specific projects and training researches; sponsorships of individuals to national and international conferences; creation of special research centres within elected institutions; loans and subsidies for individual scientists on selected biomedical problem or research project.
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The Potentials of TiE (Theatre in Education) for Intercultural Integration in Nigeria - Nnanna, Ndubusi (2009)
This paper identifies the possibilities of TiE (Theatre in Education) as an interventionist tool for inculcating necessary and crucial citizenship values that emphasise ethnic commonalities and understate differences among students at the earliest school years as a way of ensuring intercultural understanding, and, therefore, integration at the earliest possible developmental stage. Drawing from research and drama projects executed in selected schools, as well as already established theories on diversity and national development, this paper proposes a pragmatic theatre mediated model for the management of the recurrent problems of tribal and sectarian induced conflicts with their attendant brunt on national security and development
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Do you feel me? : engaging African American males in an English composition classroom - Noesen, Cristin A. (CardinalScholar, 2009)
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A model for parent involvement in disadvantaged South African schools - Nojaja, John Mfundo (2009)
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Centralised Control: a barrier to shared decision making in Egyptian Schools - Norris, Nigel; Hammad, Waheed (2009)
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Centralised Control: a barrier to shared decision making in Egyptian Schools - Norris, Nigel; Hammad, Waheed (2009)
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Reconstruction of environmental and climate changes at Braamhoek wetland, eastern escarpment South Africa, during the last 16,000 years with emphasis on the Pleistocene–Holocene transition - Norström, Elin; Scott, Louis; Partridge, T. C.; Risberg, Jan; Holmgren, Karin (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009)
A paleo-environmental record covering the last 16 ka (16,000 cal yrs BP) from the eastern areas of the summer rainfall region in South Africa is presented. This area is until now sparsely investigated due to the lack of well preserved natural archives. For this study, we used a peat section from a wetland situated close to the Drakensberg escarpment, where the high annual rainfall amounts supported a continuous peat accumulation since c. 16 ka. One peat core was analysed in terms of fossil pollen composition, carbon and nitrogen content, isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N) and microscopic charcoal concentration. The greatest degree of temporal resolution was achieved from the late Pleistocene and early Holocene section, where proxy-records indicate relatively dry conditions between ca. 16–13.7 ka, 12.8–10.5 ka, 9.5–8.2 ka, and wet conditions between c. 13.7–12.8 ka and 10.5–9.5 ka. A weak moisture signal is also evident at c. 8.2–7.5 ka. The late Pleistocene to early Holocene period was relatively cool, while conditions became generally warmer after 11–8 ka. The interpretation of the mid- and late-Holocene sequence is limited due to a slow accumulation and low sample resolution, but the available data suggest relatively dry conditions until c. 1.5 ka, followed by more humid conditions until c. 0.5 ka. We suggest that the millennial scale variability within the record can be attributed to shifts in the circulation systems dominating the region, i.e. the latitudinal movements of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the dynamics of the mid-latitude low pressure belts.
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An Examination of Factors Influencing African-American Students' Choice to Attend Predominately White Colleges and Universities. - Norwood, Melvin C. (2009)
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Potential soil erosion, river sedimentation and pollution risks from selected watersheds at Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. - Nosiru, Nurudeen Adedoyin; Salako, F. K.; Martins, O.; Bello, N. J. (Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, 2009)
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Restructuring the Gambia Hotel School into a National Training Institute - Novelli, Marina (2009)
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A review of school nutrition interventions globally as an evidence base for the development of the HealthKick programme in the Western Cape, South Africa - Np, Steyn; Lambert, Estelle V.; Parker, Whadi-ah; Mchiza, Zandile June-Rose; Villiers, Anniza de (The South African journal of clinical nutrition, 2009)
AbstractAbstractAim: The aim of this study was to review all school interventions having a nutrition component, published in peer-reviewed literature between 1995 and 2006, and to document activities that were successful as well as those that were possible barriers in order to develop a best practice school intervention for the Western Cape Province, South Africa.Methodology: A systematic review of school studies revealed 85 interventions that complied with the predetermined search criteria. The following outcome measures were considered in the evaluation of the interventions: (i) changes in nutritional knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy and stage of change; (ii) changes in dietary behaviours; (iii) changes in clinical/physical markers such as body weight or body mass index, blood pressure or serum cholesterol concentrations; and (iv) process and/or policy outcomes.Results: Key success factors of school-based interventions appeared to be the following: A nutrition-based curriculum offered at school by trained teachers generally improved behavioural outcomes. A physical activity programme and parental component were associated with most of the best practice clinical and behavioural outcomes. Furthermore, all best practice studies were grounded on a firm theory of behaviour, such as social cognitive, social marketing or stages of change. Most of the interventions that included a food service component had best practice behavioural outcomes.Conclusions: Numerous school-based nutrition interventions have shown significant improvements in children’s nutritional behaviours. Consequently, it is necessary to plan programmes based on existing evidence of best practice. The lessons learnt from this review have been applied in the development of the HealthKick programme initiated in schools in the Western Cape in 2007.Key words:: school interventionnutritionphysical activityhealth promotion
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Are We There Yet? Towards the Development of Inclusive Education in One District in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Ntombela, Sithabile (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2009)
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Bacteriological Evaluation of Water Bottles Used by Nursery School Pupils in Owerri, Nigeria - Nwachukwu, MI; Duru, NC; Ukaga, CN; Nwachukwu, IO; Udujih, OS (International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2009)
Bacteriological evaluation of water bottles used by nursery school pupils in Owerri metropolis was carried out. Eleven bacterial genera were isolated from the water bottle samples. These included Bacillus, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Streptococcus species. All the eleven genera were isolated in the water bottle samples collected from Amazing Grace Nursery School, Mary Sumner Nursery School, FUTO Nursery School, IMSU Nursery School and St. Paul's International Nursery School. Absent from FSP and Alvan Nursery Schools were two genera namely Salmonella and Shigella. The genus Salmonella was not isolated from Assumpta and Welsely Nursery Schools. Overall percentage positive isolation of Enterobacter, Proteus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and E. coli were highest, ranging from 61 to 87.5%, while Salmonella, Shigella and Klebsiella were the least, ranging from 7.5 to 21%. Total aerobic and coliform counts in all the samples ranged between 1.1X 10 9 - 1.9X 10 9 cfu/ml and 8.0 x 10 5 -3. 6xl0 8 cfu/ml, while total staphylococcal and enterobacteriaceae counts in all samples ranged between 3.6X 10 5 - 8.0 x 10 7 cfu/ml and 7.2 x 10 6 - 6.0 x 10 7 cfu/ml. This study shows that all of the water bottles used by the nursery school pupils exceeded safe bacteria levels. Such magnitude of contamination associated predominantly with free-living microorganisms is of public health concerns. Keywords: Bacteriological quality, water bottles, nursery schools, Nigeria International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences , 5(4): 309-314, 2009
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Influence of Job Satisfaction on Job Performance of Business Studies Teachers in Benin Municipal Areas in Nigeria - Nwadiani; Ekpenyong, . (2009)
This study investigated the influence of perceived level of job satisfaction on job performance of Business Studies teachers in Benin Municipal Areas of Edo State. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to draw a sample of 180 subjects from both private and public schools. The instrument used for data collection comprised of two validated questionnaires with reliability coefficient of r = 0.89 and r = 0.90 respectively. The study revealed that job satisfaction of Business Studies Teachers was low with job satisfaction index of (X=66.05). The perceived level of job performance of Business Studies Teacher was high with job performance index of X= 57.55. Their job performance did not significantly differ in relation to marital status (Z=0.580), ownership of school (Z=0.334). For variables of gender Z=3.381 and qualification F=0.874, there is significant difference. The perceived level of job satisfaction did not significantly influence the job performance of Business Studies Teachers (r = 0.134). Some suggestions were made for policy implementation to enhance both job satisfaction and performance of Business Studies Teachers in Nigeria secondary schools ceteris paribus.
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Mental depression and coping strategies among medical students of University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus - Nwobi, EA; Ekwueme, OC; Ezeoke, Uchechukwu Enuma (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Background/Objectives : Many students are daily exposed academic, psychosocial and health related stressors which predispose them to mental depression. This in turn impairs students’ behavior, diminish learning and ultimately affect patient care. This study was carried out to ascertain the degrees of mental depression , predisposing factors and coping strategies in medical students . Methods : Study was cross-sectional with sample of 762 drawn by stratified random sampling from third, fourth, fifth and sixth year classes. A self administered questionnaire that incorporated the Becks Depression Inventory BDI-II to assess depression was used. Results :Mean age of respondents was 24.08 ± 2.41. Prevalence of minimal depression was 61.9%, mild depression 27.6%, moderate depression 8.9% and severe depression 1.6%. Statistically significant difference (p attitudes, finances, frequent examinations / tests, parental expectations, dual roles and poor relationship with parents. Coping strategies identified: 25% coped passively, 25% talked to friends/ classmates, 23.9% discussed it with their parents/guardians while 17.1% talked to a priest. About 11.5% resorted to alcohol, 4.7% to smoking / use of stimulants. Only 2.1% sought medical advice. Conclusions : The prevalence of mild to moderate depression among medical students is high . Factors related to the academic environment are associated with depression in students and only minimal proportion sought medical advice.
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The Politics of School Texts. The Struggle for the Literary Canon in Kenya - Nyachae, MJ (2009)
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Factors influencing teachers' implementation of Kiswahili curriculum in public primary schools in Kiambaa division, Kiambu east district, Kenya - Nyaga, Dorcas M (2009)
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Factors Influencing Adoption and Diffusion By Students in Kenyan Universities - Nyakwende, Emmanuel; Macharia, Jimmy (2009)
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KENYA: A CASE OF PUBLIC DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAIROBI PROVINCE - Nyambura, Maina Jennifer (2009)
Department of Educational Management Policy & Curriculum Studies, 156p. LC 67.58 .K4M3, 2009
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A Study Of The Links Between Primary School Boys’ Circumcision And Academic Performance In Gatanga Division, Kenya - Nyambura, W.N (2009)
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A Historical Analysis of Post-Genocide Rwandan Special Education: Lessons Derived and Future Directions. - Nyarambi, Arnold (2009)
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Postcolonial Analysis of Special Education in Zimbabwe - Nyarambi, Arnold; Zagumny, Lisa (2009)
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Internal efficiency measures in promoting access and completion rates in public secondary schools in Bungoma South District, Kenya. - Nyongesa, Lumuli C (2009)
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Gender Differences in Counseling Needs of High School Students in Kenya - Nyutu, Pius (2009)
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Utilization of new ICTs in communication among University students in Kenya: A case study of University of Nairobi journalism students - Nzau, Confred N (2009)
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Towards adapting the Nigerian video film into a teaching tool in primary and secondary schools - Nzekwu, G Gwam – (Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies, 2009)
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Human response and adaptation to drought in the arid zone: lessons from southern Africa - O'Farrell, P.J.; Anderson, Pippin; Milton, Suzanne J.; Dean, W.R.J. (South African Journal of Science, 2009)
Human adaptation and response to drought is primarily through evasion or endurance. A review of historical agricultural practices in southern Africa demonstrates evidence of drought evasion response strategies in well-established transhumance routes, where herders move livestock on a seasonal basis in order to exploit resources subject to different climatic regimes. European settlers to the arid regions of South Africa quickly recognised the necessity of these evasion options to survive drought, and adopted the transhumance practices of indigenous farmers. Areas of geographically diverse resource bases became hotly contested by settlers and indigenous farmers. The success of evasion systems are shown to hinge on good social and institutional support structures. When movement is not an option, drought endurance is pursued by attempting to limit the damage to the natural resource base. This is through a number of means such as forage conservation, varying livestock types and numbers, water and soil conservation and taking up alternative livelihood options. State responses to drought over the last century reflect the general South African pattern of racially divided and unjust policies relating to resource access. Historically the state provided considerable support to white commercial farmers. This support was frequently contradictory in its aims and generally was inadequate to enable farmers to cope with drought. Since the advent of democracy in 1994, the state has intervened less, with some support extended to previously disadvantaged and poor communal farmers. Climate change predictions suggest an increase in drought, suggesting that the adoption of mitigating strategies should be a matter of urgency. To do this South Africa needs to build social and institutional capacity, strive for better economic and environmental sustainability, embed drought-coping mechanisms into land restitution policy to ensure the success of this programme, and acknowledge the diversity of the agricultural sector.
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Equipping for Peace: How the Government of Uganda Promotes Peace through Education - O'Malley, Derek (2009)
This review of the educational tools developed to promote peace in Uganda sought to answer two primary questions through qualitative elite interviews and secondary research: is the Government of Uganda (GoU) actively trying to promote peace by promoting education? and what are the tools being used? A lens made of peace education theory was employed to assess those questions while the relationship between education, development and peace was likewise presented. It was demonstrated that education not only causes behavior change, but that it can act as an agent of peace. The primary source data collected through eight institution-level interviews revealed that the government had created the space for other actors like the UN and USAID to develop and implement peace education programs and projects. However, there was a lack of distinct leadership on the part of the GoU with concerns to peace education. As such, an array of tools created by national and international actors other than the government were present and competing for resources. (Less)
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Childhood Disability in Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone: An Exploratory Analysis - O’Sullivan, Cliona; MacLachlan, Malcolm (2009)
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Research Policy and Governance in the United Kingdom--Critical Perspective and Implications for South African Higher Education Research. - Oancea, Alis; Engelbrecht, Petra; Hoffman, Jonathan (South African journal of higher education, 2009)
This article begins with a critical consideration of five trends in social and educational research policy and environment in the UK and internationally : (1) the intensification of public criticisms of education research since the mid- and late-1990s; (2) the increasing emphasis on user involvement and focus on use; (3) the ever tighter accountability regimes and the adoption of selective, performance-related, funding procedures; (4) the demand for research syntheses and pressures towards cumulative development of research knowledge; and (5) growing researcher mobility and cross-national collaboration. The second part of the article reflects on these developments in relation to the South African context, on the background of historically significant issues such as the past exclusiveness of research cultures and the international isolation of the wider research community. The article argues that, while minding her position and needs as a developing country on the African continent, South Africa may be able to benefit critically from, while avoiding some of the pitfalls of, the 'learning trajectories' of other research systems, including that of the UK.
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Effects of headteachers' leadership styles on students'performance in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination in public schools in Homa Bay District, Kenya - Obama, Moses Ouma (2009)
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Air-borne SO2 Pollution Monitoring in the Upstream Petroleum Operation Areas of Niger-Delta, Nigeria - Obanijesu, Emmanuel; Adebiyi, F. M.; Sonibare, Jacob Ademola; Okelana, O. A. (Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects, 2009)
Abstract In the process of crude oil production, sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas is produced as a result of flaring and booming of crude oil associated gases. This paper presents the study carried out on the monitoring of SO2 emission from some oilfields in the crude oil producing areas of Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Six locations were studied while monitoring involved morning and evening times for four months using a Testo 350 Flue Gas Analyzer. Comparison of the mean measurements with Nigerian FEPA tolerance limits indicate that SO2 values from 60 m away from the point sources for all the fields were comparatively higher than their maximum tolerance limits of 50 μg/m3 for long term exposure and SO2 values were also comparatively higher than the emission limit range (30–300 μg/m3) for SO2 from stationary sources. It is concluded that this breach of tolerance level may result in acid rain formation, which can be detrimental to the environment while the long-term effect can alter the ecology of the areas. It is recommended that the environmental matrix quality for soil, water, and air be carried out for these areas periodically.
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Special needs of in-school HIV positive young people in Uganda - Obare, Francis; Birungi, Harriet; Katahoire, Anne; Nkayivu, Hannington; Kibenge, Aggrey David (2009)
studied in Uganda, and worked with art in the Kibera slum of Nairobi and currently lives in Kenya
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Globalization, the Bologna Process and African Universities: Limits and Contradictions of Market-oriented Higher Education Reforms - Obasi, Isaac N.; Olutayo, Akinpelu Olanrewaju (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2009)
One of the greatest challenges posed by neo-liberal capitalist globalization is competitiveness. The birth of the Bologna Process in 1999 and the launching of the Erasmus Mundus in 2004 were serious attempts by Europe to make its higher education one of the most competitive systems in the world. Both initiatives were aimed at enhancing the compatibility and comparability of European higher education among its members as well as its attractiveness to other regions of the world. The implementation of the Bologna Process has, however, exposed the limits and contradictions of market-oriented higher education reforms. The experience of Europe has shown that neo-liberal higher education reforms under globalization can be manipulated as dictated by the exigencies of national interests. Europe has declared higher education a public good to be made equally accessible to all and to remain a public responsibility. This paper contends that Africa has a lot to learn from the implementation of the Bologna Process. Furthermore, the paper raises policy concerns about the implications of the implementation of the Erasmus Mundus so far from 2004 to 2008, as some evidence suggests that the students benefiting from the Erasmus Mundus programme may end up being part of the brain drain rather than brain gain for Africa. This would therefore hinder rather than promote African development, which the programme ostensibly aims at achieving. Consequently, the paper recommends that policy-makers in Africa should be weary of attempts to use the Bologna Process and the Erasmus Mundus programme as a subtle and new launching pad promoting the brain drain in Africa.
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Inclusion of Learners with Cerebral Palsy in Reading and Writing A case study of teachers in two primary schools practising inclusive education in Kenya - Obiero, Nereah Atieno (2009)
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Effects Of School Feeding Program On Pupils' Participation In Public Day Primary Schools In Yala Division Kenya - Obonyo, Josephine Anyango (2009)
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The role of computer technology on principals' administration in secondary schools in Homa-bay district, kenya - Obuoda, Gilbert M (2009)
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Use of guidance and counselling in managing students stress : A case of public secondary schools in Kisumu city, Kenya. - Ochieng, Enos O (2009)
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Gender Issues in Professional Continuing Education Programmes in Nigeria - Odeyemi, Janet Olajumoke (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2009)
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The Prevalence and Predictors of Cigarette Smoking among Secondary School Students in Nigeria - Odeyemi, KA; Osibogun, Akin; Akinsete, A O; Sadiq, Lola K. (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students and identify factors that influence smoking amongst them.This descriptive and explorative study was conducted among 1,183 secondary school students, selected by multistage sampling from each of the 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data was collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaires.This study recorded a lifetime smoking prevalence of 26.4% and current smoking prevalence of 17.1% among secondary school students in Nigeria. Most (82%) of the students had seen warnings against smoking and most of them were aware that it is possible for cigarette smoking to damage body organs. Unfortunately, however, seeing such warnings had no significant effect on their decision to smoke or not. The students who smoke were introduced to smoking mainly by their friends (67.4 %), and the television (13.4%). Smoking habits of the respondents were influenced by parents' educational status (p<0.05), having friends who smoke (p<0.05) and living with a smoker (p<0.05).Over a quarter of secondary school students had ever smoked. Peer pressure was the main reason cited by respondents for initiating smoking. It is suggested that our smoking prevention programmes be reviewed and appropriate health education and smoking cessation programmes be developed and implemented in order to prevent and control smoking among Nigerian students.
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Comparative study of the e-learning platforms used in Kenyan Universities : a case study of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology and United States International University. - Odhiambo, Omondi (2009)
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Climate change adaptation mitigation carbon emissions control energy conservation Africa - Odingo, Richard S (2009)
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A Look at Climate Change and Human Mobility in Africa - Odingo, RS (2009)
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Global and regional impacts of Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Importance of Adaptation Programmes to reduce the resultant damage in vulnerable locations in the Continent - Odingo, RS (2009)
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The Impacts and Implications of Global Climate Change for Economic Development in Africa. Paper prepared to AERC workshop on Economic Development in Africa - Odingo, RS (2009)
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Attitude of Practising Primary School Teachers in Nigeria Toward Science Teaching - Odinko, Monica Ngozi (2009)
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The trend of public relations practice in education sector in Kenya: a study of orthodox college of Africa - Odongo, Oriaso S (2009)
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Promoting Teachers' Effectiveness through Sandwich Degree Programmes in Nigerian Universities - Odu, Bimbola; Akanle, Florence (2009)
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Education Expenditure and Human Capital Development in Nigeria - Odubunmi, Ayoola Sunkanmi (The international journal of knowledge, culture and change management, 2009)
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Gender Issues that Impinge on Access and Equity of the Master’s Programme in the Institute of Adult Education, University of Ghana. Legon - Oduro-Mensah, Daniel; Biney, Isaac Kofi; Ashong, G.A. (2009)
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES: IMPLEMENTATION AND WAY FORWARD - Oduwaiye, Rhoda Olape (2009)
The demand for university education in Nigeria, has made the scope to enlarge in the recent past. Teeming Nigerian youths leave the universities as job seekers, whereas one of the cardinal goals of higher education in the country is to enable the individuals to be self reliant. In line with this, a presidential directive was given that all the Nigerian universities should pursue and design a programme on entrepreneurial studies for undergraduate students. This paper set out to examine the course synopsis of the entrepreneurial studies. Operations of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), established by the Federal Government of Nigeria, to help the youth in their endeavour to be self reliant was studied. This was to find out the level of graduate participation in the Scheme. Finally, the paper conducted a survey on the perceptions of selected undergraduates to determine their opinions on becoming an entrepreneur. 62% of the respondents agreed that they would like to be self reliant rather than seeking for employment, while 82% of the respondents believed that entrepreneurship education can help prepare them for entrepreneurship in order to eradicate or alleviate poverty. It was then recommended, among others, that the entrepreneurial studies should be more practical oriented rather than theoretical while loans for the entrepreneurs should be better facilitated through the government and selected banks.
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Psychological morbidity, job satisfaction and intentions to quit among teachers in private secondary schools in edo-state, Nigeria - Ofili, AN; Usiholo, E A; Oronsaye, M O (Annals of African Medicine, 2009)
Background : Teachers are an inseparable corner stone of the society and their satisfaction will affect the quality of service they render. Poor job satisfaction could result in job stress and this could affect their psychological health. This study aims to ascertain the level, causes of job dissatisfaction, intentions to quit and psychological morbidity among teachers in private secondary schools in a developing country.Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers (392) in private secondary schools in Benin-City, Edo-State Nigeria, between June 2003 to November 2003. A total population of 400 teachers who had spent at least one year in the service were included in the study. The respondents completed a self - administered designed questionnaire and a standard instrument - The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28)Results : The response rate was 98%. Fifty- eight (14.8%) of the respondents had psychological morbidity (GHQ score of 4 and above). One hundred and seventy - eight (45.4%) teachers were very satisfied or satisfied with their jobs. A significant number (45.9%) of teachers would want to quit their jobs. The proportion of teachers with GHQ score 4 and above increased with the level of dissatisfaction but this was not found to be statistically significant. Poor salary was found to be the main cause of job dissatisfaction and major reason for wanting to quit the job.Conclusion : This study shows a low level of job satisfaction among Nigerian teachers. Poor salary was the major cause of job dissatisfaction and intension to quit. Further work need to be done to ascertain the association of psychological morbidity and job dissatisfaction.
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An Exploratory Study Of The Meaning And Perception Of Names Among Students In A Nigerian University - Ofovwe, CE; Awaritefe, Alfred (African Journal for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 2009)
In Nigeria, personal names particularly indigenous names are not arbitrarily given, they bear significant connotative meanings, reflecting the circumstance surrounding the birth of the bearer and the belief and philosophy of the name giver. The significance placed on names gives it immense psychological undertones. This study therefore sought to evaluate the knowledge students in a Nigerian University (comprising of 159 males and 86 females (Mean age= 24.61; SD = 4.16) possess of the names they bear (foreign and/or indigenous), their attitude towards such names and the likelihood of naming their offspring accordingly or otherwise. A self reported questionnaire developed by the authors was used to elicit relevant socio-demographic information as well as information on the subject of study. Data was treated descriptively. Our findings show that the possession of foreign and indigenous names is common and favourably embraced, however, indigenous names where assessed more positively, they were described as instructive, meaningful and prophetic. The general perception of names suggests that names can affect the bearer’s perception of his/herself as well as how he/she is perceived by others. The strong affirmation of the existence of bad and good names and the possible repercussion of a bad name call for careful deliberation in the giving of personal names.
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The role of critico-creative education in building a positive African image? - Ogalo, P.T. (Chiedza (Harare, Zimbabwe), 2009)
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Integrating APRM into University Education: Workshop for African Academics - Oganda, PA (2009)
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Semi-controlled Earthquake-generation Experiments in Deep Gold Mines, South Africa ^|^mdash; Monitoring at Closest Proximity to Elucidate Seismogenic Process ^|^mdash; - Ogasawara, Hiroshi; Kawakata, Hironori; Ishii, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Masao; Yabe, Yasuo; Iio, Yoshihisa (Jishin, 2009)
Experimental sites with potential earthquakes up to M ∼ 3 in coming few years are known beforehand from mining schedule at 2-3 km depths in South African gold mines, which allows us to deploy various borehole instruments including Ishii strainmeters, geophones, accelerometers and AE sensors. Deployment of these wide-dynamic-range and high-resolution observations in the past 15 years has led to many findings about the earthquake rupture and its preparation stage. High-sampling seismograms obtained at close proximity of M > 1 earthquakes have demonstrated similarities of these earthquakes to natural, greater earthquakes in many aspects, including stress drop, energy efficiency, and complexity of rupture propagation. Some of larger mine earthquakes are preceded by perceivable abnormal seismicity. However, no immediate precursors for earthquakes with M ∼ 2 were observed by our high-resolution strain and AE sensors installed within the dimension of mainshock rupture. In contrast, aseismic strain-step events that we had recently discovered were sometimes preceded by further slower forerunners. Ongoing projects bring in novel technologies such as field-scale AE monitoring and fast-response strainmeters, and novel targets including mines being flooded for closing operation.
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Analysis of Resources Management in Primary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria - Oghuvbu, Enamiroro Patrick (Academic leadership (Murfreesboro, Tenn.), 2009)
The State Primary Education Board is in charge of the management of primary education, especially the human resources. The board is in charge of management needs for human resources to be provided and deployed. She is greatly concerned with the, planning, monitoring and control to facilities the achievement of the objectives of primary education. The is involved in the process of achieving the objectives of primary education through efficient use of the resources and the planning, organization, co- ordination, direction and control of the activities of teaching and non- teaching staff in primary schools.
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Technology Mediated Support for the Life-Long Education Students in the National Open University of Nigeria - Ogidan, Rotimi (2009)
Technology mediated support is very crucial for the lifelong education students in the National Open University of Nigeria. This paper is therefore focused on giving account of the concept of lifelong education in this university and how technology is being used to transmit knowledge, reduce distance between learners and the facilitators, support the learners academically and psychologically and ensure that there is quality in all her provisions as an ODL institution. Some challenges were identified in the area of epileptic supply of electricity in Nigeria, very high cost of procuring and maintaining computers and telephone services particularly for telephone interactive discussion between the learners and the university staff and on the issue of effective use of the available array of technological options to provide support for the learners. It is recommended that television and teleconferencing programmes should be organized regularly to support the learners while the academic and non academic staff at the study centre need to be constantly trained on the availability and use of the modern technology in order for them to improve the quality of support rendered to the life long learners and that live teleconferencing facilities must be available in all the study Centers and must be connected to the university headquarters just as more information and communication technology experts must be employed to work particularly at the study centers.
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Changing pattern of maxillofacial fractures in a sub-urban nigerian teaching hospital - Oginni, F.O.; Ogboko, V I; Odusanya, S A (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
To ascertain the current pattern of facial fractures presenting in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital (OAUTH) and compare this with two earlier reports from the same institution.All patients presenting with facial bone fractures at the OAUTH between January 1996 and December 2004 were included in the study. Information obtained were patients' demographics, date, cause, site and type of injury. The interval before presentation in the hospital was documented. Data was analysed and compared with two earlier studies carried out in the same institution.451 patients (351 males and 100 females) presented with 632 facial bone fractures between January 1996 and December 2004. This shows a greater female involvement compared with earlier studies. Similar to earlier studies, majority of the patients (39.7%) were aged 21-30 years however, more cases occurred in the first decade of life in the present study than in the previous. Road traffic crashes remained the leading cause of fractures (74.7%), followed by fight/assaults (8.0%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of motorcycle related crashes and gunshot injuries. While the incidence of mandibular fractures declined, a statistically significant increase was observed for fractures of the middle face specifically Le Fort 1 and zygomatic complex fractures.Facial bone fractures appear to be on the increase in the studied location. More females and younger children are involved now. Road traffic crashes accounted for most facial bone fractures but violence related causes are on the increase.
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The abuse of training as an agent of change in organizations in Nigeria - Oginyi, Rcn (International Journal of Development and Management Review, 2009)
This study aims at examining the extent to which training brings about desired organizational change in terms of employee performance. According to Okpara (2005), organizations and companies are being encouraged to seek employee training and development because the growth rate of organizations is likely to be limited by their personnel than by any other factors. In the light of this scenario, therefore, this study probes into some perceived abuses that are associated with training in organizations/industries. In acknowledging the prevalence of this anomaly, Okpara, (2005) argues that training is gradually losing its grip as a catalyst of behaviour change in organizations in Nigeria because of some fundamental lapses. This review x-rays these lapses inherent in the use of training as a technique for changing behaviour. The work affirms that training should match learning principles and theories and an understanding. Key Words: Training, Abuse, Change, Organization, Learning of socio-cultural milieu under which the worker operates. Finally, some suggestions were proffered as a way of regaining the lost glory of training as catalyst of change in organizations.
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Relationship between the routes of training for owners of Small and Medium Scale Informal Industries in Kenya & Product Development - Ogola, JM (2009)
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Starting global learning: knowledge of Nigerian students about other parts of Africa - Ogundare, Samuel Folorunso (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2009)
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Prevalence and Patterns of Substance abuse among secondary School Students in Ngong Sub-District of Kajiado District in Kenya - Ogunde, Jane Awuor (2009)
A Thesis Submitted to the School of Arts & Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology
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The State of University Education in Nigeria and the Need for a Paradigm Shift - Ogundele, Ayodele Victor (Journal of the world universities forum, 2009)
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Education in Nigeria, Past and Present: Information Communication Technology for Sustainable Development - Ogunlade, Oyeronke Olufunmilola (2009)
Education is the key to a nation's development and it is a major indication for the social well being, standard of living and social justice in a society. In Nigeria, the rapid development of ICT has greatly influenced the delivery of education just as the education sector is reacting to the emergence of the information society. Today's education system faces the challenge to prepare individuals for the information society .One of the most important aims should be to handle information since the prevalence and rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education can transform the society. This paper is an expository one that examined education in the first republic, Universal Primary Education and Universal Basic Education and ICT for sustainable development. It was therefore concluded that since education is important, those at the apex of leadership should be more focussed since we learn from the past to improve on the present and project into the future. Recommendations were made on how to make education more productive and fruitful through ICT, among which are; provision of: ICTs in schools, stable power and enabling environment for teachers.
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Aetiology of bacteraemia among adult AIDS patients attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria - Ogunsola, F.T.; Arewa, DG; Akinsete, IE; Oduyebo, OO; Akanmu, Alani S; Odugbemi, T (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
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Male breast cancer in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Osogbo, South Western Nigeria - Oguntola, AS; Aderonmu, A O A; Adeoti, ML; Olatoke, Samuel; Akanbi, Olusola Anuoluwapo; Agodirin, Sulaiman Olayide (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2009)
To assess the prevalence, presentation, treatment and outcome of management of male breast cancer (MBC) in Osogbo, Nigeria.A review of all cases of MBC seen at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Osogbo between January 2004 and December 2006 was done. The age, presenting symptoms and signs, stage, histology, associated co-morbid illnesses, treatment and outcome of care were all retrieved and analysed.Seven (8.86%) out of seventy nine cases of breast cancers seen are males. Ages ranged between 38 and 80 years (mean 60.5 median 65 years). They all presented with advanced lesions after a 6 -36 months delay (mean-11.57 months). All were invasive ductal carcinoma. All the four with significant co-morbid illnesses died of them within one week to seven months. Only one patient had mastectomy.MBC constitutes 8.86% of all breast cancer, all presented late with advanced lesions and co-morbid illnesses contributed significantly to mortality.
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Does Free Secondary Education Enable The Poor To Gain Access? A Study from Rural Kenya - Ohba, Asayo (2009)
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The Immediate Assessment of the introduction of fee free secondary education in Kenya: Emerging issues. - Ohba, Asayo (2009)
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Serum zinc levels of school children on a corn-soy blend feeding trial in primary schools in Suba district, Kenya - Ohiokpehai, Omo; David, Dorcus Mbithe; Kamau, JW (Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2009)
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution in Kenya - Ohowa, Boaz O. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2009)
Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of the regulatory regime in the management of oil pollution on Kenya's marine and coastal environment. The prospect of chronic oil pollution along the Kenyan coastline and the port of Mombasa is discussed. A review of the vulnerable marine and coastal resources, commonly used indicators of effectiveness in oil pollution management and the legislation governing oil pollution is given. The author concludes by emphasising that despite having the right legislation in place, there is need for the establishment of criteria and indicators necessary for evaluation of policy effectiveness.
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Cognitive Dissonance and Deutero-learning Strategies among Yoruba Speaking Nigerian Children - Ojediran, Isaac Ayodele; Ehindero, Sherifat Adefunke (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2009)
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Making Schools Democratic Public Spheres: A Case Study of Starehe Boys Centre and School, Kenya. - Ojiambo, Peter C. Otiato (2009)
Nurturing freedom is vital in an education process. In this paper, a critical examination is made of one high school in Kenya: Starehe Boys Centre and School (SBC) and its attempts over the years to create a dialogical forum known as “Baraza” (Student Parliament) for its students to enable them participate in the administration process of the school. Specifically, the paper examines the literature on the significance of liberatory education; historical foundation of Starehe‟s Boys Centre and School Baraza system; and its functions and effects on management, leadership, and learning process of the school. In conclusion, the paper contends that education flourishes where there is partnering in the teaching and learning process and when partnering is viewed as a practice of freedom.
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Sexual health decisions amongst students of some tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. - Ojikutu, Rasheed Kola (2009)
The study examined sexual health decisions amongst students of some tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. With a sample of three hundred students randomly selected using stratified sampling technique, the study showed that the age at sexual debut amongst these students is as low as 12 years .While many respondents (41.3%) got involved in early sex as a result of attraction to their partner, some (34.1%) were influenced by their peers. It was discovered that there is significant relationship between age at debut and circumstance leading to the sexual involvement (χ =31.705, p 0.05) and also involvement in unintended pregnancy is independent of age at sexual debut (χ =11.396, p 0.05). About 86% of the predicted outcomes were found to be explained by the fitted regression line (Nagelkerke R square = 0.866) which showed that the probability that an individual student admitted into a tertiary institution in Lagos State is a function of many factors such as, Age of respondent, Gender of the respondent, Religion of the respondent, Ethnicity of the respondent, Current Educational attainment of the respondent, Current level at school, Respondents opinion about unprotected sexual involvement and many other factors.
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E-Learning And The Global Divide: The Challenges Facing Distance Education In Africa - Ojo, Bamidele A. (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2009)
This paper examines the question of distance education and its pivotal role in promoting social change and development in Africa. It also discussed within the context of the global digital divide and the ongoing need for collaborative effort at global education, the limitation imposed by the socio-economic and political environment on the continent. The paper in its findings conclude that the crisis within African societies constitutes a serious challenge to the implementation of and the effectiveness of distance education in Africa and therefore contributes to the widening of the digital divide rather than reducing it.
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Idealism, Education and Development: The Nigerian Experience - Ojong, KA; Asira, AE; Okpo, O (Annals of Modern Education, 2009)
Education developed from the human struggle for continual existence and enlightenment and may be formal or informal. The process of informal education includes all the agencies outside the formal school system which influence the child experience or learning. Informal education can be found at home, in the church or mosque, market and in the farm, among other places. Formal education, on the other hand, refers to the process by which teachers instruct the learners or students in courses of study within a school. And by this process the child is mentally developed to cope with the challenges of life. Here, we show that there cannot be any meaningful development in a given society without education. The development of the individual in the society results in the development of the society. Thus, education is used in developing man who will take his rightful place in the society. It generates the needed manpower, and such manpower builds the society. For no nation can progress beyond the knowledge of her manpower. But for any nation’s education to achieve its best result in the society, it has to be directed by sound philosophies. To this end, the philosophy of education is crucial in national development. In this paper therefore, we shall examine idealism as a philosophy of education and how it affects development in Nigeria. Keywords: Idealism, development, education, informal education, formal school system.
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THE EFFECT OF SCHOOL OWNERSHIP ON CANDIDATES' PERFORMANCE AT THE WEST AFRICAN SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (WASSCE) IN NIGERIA - Oke, Modupe (2009)
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Veterinary undergraduate training in Uganda: a model for decentralized service delivery. - Okech, Samuel George; Azuba-Musoke, R.; Muwazi, R. T.; Kabasa, John David; Katunguka-Rwakishaya, E. (2009)
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Needle stick injuries among medical interns at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Okeke, TC; Aguwa, EN (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
Objective : To evaluate needle stick injuries among medical interns in a Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Design: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Method : The study was undertaken in May 2004 and included all the 142 medical interns in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Data was obtained using semi-structured self administered questionnaires. Results : One hundred and fourteen (80.3%) of medical interns had needle prick injuries within the 12months of internship. Most injuries occurred while setting intravenous fluids. More males significantly had needle stick injuries than females (÷2 =33.67, df = 1,p=0.00). Only 39 (20.4%) of cases were reported. A few, 11.3%, did not treat the injury site within 1 hour of injury. Though most had heard of universal precautions only a few, 28(19.7%) were trained on the use of safe devices and safe handling of needles before starting internship. Conclusion : Prevalence of needle stick injuries is high among medical interns and many cases go unreported. Medical interns are not trained safe handling of needles and some are not provided with personal protection.
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Government level policy with respect to the effect of brain drain on Nigerian higher education institutions - Okemiri, Jonas Okorie (2009)
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Public–private mix in the provision of higher education in East Africa: stakeholders' perceptions - Oketch, Moses (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2009)
Arguments in the international literature suggest that public–private partnership (PPP) can positively transform [higher] education as it leads to increased access, competition, efficiency and quality. But there are those who disagree and question whether PPP can deliver any one or all of these. This article does two things. First, it presents a discussion on higher education in three East African countries with a common history in the establishment of higher education, mapping their emerging PPP pattern on to the global patterns of public–private differentiation. Second, it analyses perceptions by key stakeholders: university students, lecturers and administrators on East Africa's experience with public–private mix in higher education based on theories of public–private differentiation.
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The tension of elite vs. massified higher education systems: how prospective students perceive public and private universities in Kenya - Oketch, Moses (London Review of Education, 2009)
This article examines how recent changes, leading to a diversified supply in Kenya's university education system, is reflected in prospective students' aspirations, perceptions and preferences to undertake university education. The results, based on a combination of a convenience and snowball sampling of settings, within which random samples of final year high school students were selected, reveal that aspiration to undertake university education is high among all social groups, and that state universities are preferred by a majority of the students in spite of the rapid growth in the number of private universities of acceptable quality. By examining the aspirations of students and college choice, the paper engages the debates around elite vs . massified higher education in Kenya's context.
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Hybrid e-learning for rural secondary schools in Uganda: co-evolution in triple helix processes - Okidi-Lating, Peter (2009)
A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering of Makerere University
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Air Pollution Climatology in Spatial Planning for Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria - Okoko, Chima; Pius, Bożena (2009)
The paper, while highlighting the relevance of spatial planning in sustainable development, justifies the need for integration of air quality issues arising from climatologic understanding in such planning. The paper specifically underscored the role of air pollution climatology in providing an understanding of pollution diffusion and transport, and variation in spatiotemporal context. Data on wind speed and direction, pipelines and flow station, population density, and industrial vis-a-vis residential land use in a typical industrial urban area, were used. The land use and typical coastal meteorology of the region was also considered as determinants of direction of pollution concentration and spatial variation. Analysis was descriptive, with table and maps analyzed. These were used to illustrate the spatial and temporal variation of pollutant dispersion and concentration. This was attributed to wind influence, while the coastal meteorology contributes to pollutant concentration. In exploring the workability of integrating Air Population Climatology (APC) in spatial planning in a coastal milieu, the paper recommended the allocation of adequately wide right-of-way and distant residential areas from pollution source areas. In addition is the need for allocation of space for residential use upwind of pollution sources.
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Agency or structure? : Nigerian University students' perspectives of influences on sexual risk taking - Okonkwo, Amaechi D. (2009)
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Comparative Assessment of Music Education Practice in Nigeria and Selected Global Experiences - Okonkwo, Ngozi (Journal of the Association of Nigerian Musicologists, 2009)
Music education has been recognized from time as a firm attachment to any society and its growth, and has been in the educational curriculum from the early Greek education to the present day education worldwide. In Nigeria, the National Policy on Education has at several reviews on education insisted on the inclusion of music education as an imperative with several objectives at different tiers of education from primary to tertiary level. This is in recognition to its divergent roles in life of its citizens as it is the same worldwide. However, the field of music education in Nigeria seems to move in cyclical form instead of progressing forward. The aim of this paper is to review what is available vis-a-vis who is taught, who is teaching, who sponsors, the infrastructure and equipment available, in comparison to other nations. It looks at what can be benefited globally for a more effective, acceptable, successful, and progressive music education programme in Nigeria.
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Hydrological impact assessment of climate change on water resources of the Niger River basin using a water balance model and ANNs. - Okpara, J. N.; Perumal, Muthiah (IAHS-AISH publication, 2009)
The study explored and assessed the potential impacts of climate change on water resources of the Nigerian sector of the Niger River basin of sub-Saharan West Africa, with simulation models, the Thornthwaite water balance accounting scheme and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The water balance model uses mean monthly climate variables of precipitation, temperature, net radiation, as well as soil water holding capacity and potential evapotranspiration, for estimating water surpluses of five Niger sub-basins, linking the water surpluses of these sub-basins with the corresponding observed monthly average discharges using the ANNs model. Ninety-six months of data have been used for calibrating the ANNs and 24 months data were used for verification. Areally averaged temperature and precipitation changes from formulated climate change synthetic scenarios were imposed on each sub-basin for assessing climate change impacts on runoff (water surplus). ArcView GIS was vital for the hydrological modelling, especially the building of the grid containing the water holding capacity parameter of the soil, creating climatic surfaces and merging various spatial themes (data layers) that were useful in interpretation, analysis (soil water budgeting) and change detection of spatial structures and objects. Results show discernible evidence and the sensitivity of the Niger River basin to the changing climate; annual water surplus is highest over the south of Niger (1241.2 mm), followed by Lower Benue (973.6 mm), Lower Niger (729.4 mm), Upper Benue (495.3 mm) sub-basins and the least value is observed over Upper Niger sub-basin (360.7 mm). It is further observed that the water surplus is much more sensitive to the accuracy of potential evaporation estimate (that depends on temperature) in the humid climate than the arid climate. In addition, when temperature increases by 2°C, the mean monthly runoff on the average is expected to change by ―10 to ―50%, ―5 to -40% and 15 to 60%, respectively, for precipitation changes of ―20%, 0% and 20%. By implication then, water, hydro-power, health and food security of the country may be seriously threatened by climate change, unless rainfalls turnout to be on the increase and adequate management strategies are put in place. Necessary adaptation measures and nonconventional sources of water that can be exploited in the future are also highlighted.
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Nutrient Intakes of Adolescent Girls in Secondary Schools and Universities in Abia State of Nigeria - Okpara, Michael (2009)
3 Abstract: A total of 160 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years were surveyed for nutrient intake. Three-days weighed food intake was the technique used for this study. Subjects were from model secondary schools and universities in Abia State, Nigeria. The values for food nutrients were calculated using food composition tables. Foods that were not in the food composition tables were analyzed chemically in the laboratory to know their nutrient contents. Values from the chemical analysis were used for the calculation of food nutrients. The mean intakes in all the nutrients tested for adolescent female university students were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of adolescent female secondary school girls. Both adolescent female secondary school and university students, however, had nutrient intakes higher than FAO requirements except for iron intake where the secondary school girls did not meet the requirement for iron (36-42 g/day). Snacks contribution to the daily nutrient intakes of the adolescent female secondary school students were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the university students except for the carbohydrate intake (146.66 g vs 170.26 g) respectively. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the quality of meals and snacks served to both secondary school and university students to know their contribution to nutrient intake in order to alleviate the problem of malnutrition in adolescent female Nigerian students.
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The impact of HIV/AIDS prevention measures on behavior change among female teacher trainees: a survey in public primary teacher training colleges in Kenya - Okul, Margaret A (2009)
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Innovation in teaching and learning vocabulary in English as a second language: the Kenyan experience - Okwako, Eric (2009)
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ASSESSMENT OF E-LEARNING COURSE DELIVERY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA - Oladiran, M. Tunde; Uziak, J. (Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2009)
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Transforming higher education system in Nigeria for sustainable development. - Olaleye, Adedayo O. (2009)
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Assessment of Quality in Early Childhood Education in Ekiti-State Nigeria - Olaleye, Olajumoke Olayemi; Florence, Otonekwu Onyeisi (2009)
Early child-hood Education is the bedrock upon which excellent basic and sound education is built. This study examined the concept of quality in early childhood education in Ekiti State. It is a descriptive research design of the survey type, which aimed at assessing the quality of early-child-hood education in 12 randomly selected private nursery schools in Ado-Ekiti Local Government area of Ekiti State. Data were collected using a 20-item structured questionnaire administered on 120 respondents consisting teachers and head teachers. Data were analyzed using means and percentages. Findings showed that the quality of early childhood education is averagely good specifically the learning activities were found to be fair while that of learning environment of some schools were found to be good. The qualities of academic staff have been found to be low parents participation in schools' management was also found to be low. Recommendations were made towards achieving high quality childhood education in the state.
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School Characteristics and the Use of Computer Technology for secondary School Administration in south-West Nigeria - Olalusi, O (2009)
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Relevance of School Library Media Centre on social science subjects learning outcomes in senior secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria - Olaojo, Pius Olatunji (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2009)
The study detailed the vital nature of the school library media centre (SLMC) to any result oriented teaching-learning situation. The SLMC is seen as the hub on which the school curricula revolve. The place occupied by the SLMC in schools as provided in the National Policy on Education was carefully presented Efforts were also concentrated on showing the important nature of the social science subjects in senior secondary schools (SSS) · while the needed resources were carefolly identified. The study highlighted existing SLMC for SSS students in Oyo. State; determined the relevance of the available SLMC to the soCial science subjects and investigated the influence of SLMC utilization on learning outcomes in these subjects. The findings revealed that use of SLMC has significant effect on social science curricula implementation in SSS in Oyo State, Nigeria. Recommendations made include the provision for the  establishment of a functional SLMC in all SSS should be made. Relevant resources supportive to curricula implementation should be acquired by relevant stakeholders and maeje available for use of the teachers and students in the SSS.
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Evaluation of local maize (Zea mays L.) varieties from Burkina Faso as source of tolerance to drought. - Olaoye, G.; Menkir, Abebe; Ajala, S. O.; Jacob, Sherry Rachel (Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2009)
Objective: To evaluate local maize varieties from Burkina Faso under moisture deficiency to identify suitable genotypes to serve as sources of drought tolerance alleles for incorporation into improved cultivars. Methodology and results: Fourteen local maize varieties from Burkina Faso and a hybrid check were evaluated under well-watered condition and drought stress imposed by withdrawing irrigation from 23 days before 50% anthesis until harvest at Ikenne in Nigeria in 1999 and 2000. Moisture deficiency significantly (P<0.05) reduced the number of ears per plant by 22% and grain yield by 53%. Three local varieties (Bondokuy-1, Dogona-1 and Douana-1) had grain yields that were either comparable to or higher than that of the hybrid check under moisture deficit. Relative ranking of genotypes for grain yield under well-watered condition was different from those under moisture deficiency. Two major clusters were formed for genotypes tested under each irrigation treatment, with entries in cluster 2 combining high grain yield with shorter anthesis-silking interval and lower leaf senescence rating. Some local varieties exhibited comparable performance to the hybrid check, suggesting the possibility that genes for high grain yield and other desirable agronomic attributes may have been introgressed into the local maize varieties through pollen transfer from adjacent improved varieties that have been cultivated in the region and thus increasing their utility values. Conclusion and application of findings: Three genotypes, i.e. Bondokuy-1, Dogona-1 and Douana-1 had high grain yields under both well watered and moisture deficiency conditions. These accessions could serve as potential sources of favorable alleles for developing high yielding varieties adapted to areas affected by drought in West and Central Africa.
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Policy Options for E-Education in Nigeria - Olatokun, Wole Michael (2009)
Information and communication technology (ICT) has turned the world into a global village, and its impact is being felt in all spheres of life. Though it has been rightly said that what is wrong with education cannot be fixed with technology; there is no doubt that modern life is dominated by technology. In today’s globalized world, there is a universal recognition of the need to use ICT in education because the free flow of information via satellite and the Internet hold sway in global information dissemination of knowledge. The application of ICT to education brought about the concept of e-education. This chapter considers the concept of e-education vis a vis the provisions of the national policy for information technology, and gives a state of the art with regard to some e-education initiatives that have been embarked upon by the government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders in the country. It also identified the challenges constraining the effective deployment and exploitation of ICT for teaching and learning in the Nigerian education system, and recommends some policy options for the development of e-education in the country. The next section gives a background to the concept of e-education.
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Relationship between Teachers’ Attitude and Students’ Academic Achievement in Mathematics in Some Selected Senior Secondary Schools in Southwestern Nigeria - Olatunde, Yara Philias (European journal of social sciences, 2009)
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Musculoskeletal disorders: Epidemiology and treatment seeking behavior of secondary school students in a Nigerian community - Olayinka, Adegbehingbe; Adesegun, Fatusi; Caleb, Adegbenro; Opeyemi, Adeitan; Ganiyu, Abass; Akintomiwa, Akintunde (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009)
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Study of Sexuality among Adolescent Students of a Secondary School in Ilorin, Nigeria. - Olayiwole, O.A; Awodele, O; Anisu, DF; Kolawole, SO; Akande, T.M. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2009)
The relevant socio-demographic variables which may influence sexual behaviour and the level of awareness of the adolescents on risky sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases were assessed using a descriptive cross sectional survey of the sexual behaviour of 196 adolescent secondary school students (10 - 19yrs) in Ilorin-Nigeria. The subjects were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Forty-three percent of the subjects selected were females and fifty-seven percent were males. The results showed that the knowledge of the respondents was high on issues relating to STDs and HIV transmission and prevention but was low when awareness of individual STDs was considered. This study reveals that forty percent of the respondents had at least one previous experience of sexual intercourse and a higher proportion of males were sexually experienced. The subjects showed a clustering of age of sexual initiation between the ages of 14 and 18 years. The most frequent debut partners were schoolmates and neighbours accounting for seventy percent of the responses. Audio-visual means were the most common means by which the respondents obtained information on sex and sexuality with films being the single most important source for 25 percent of the respondents. The internet was also shown as an emerging source of information for adolescents. Finally, significant relationships were identified as existing between the gender of respondents and a history of previous sexual experience and also between their age and history of previous sexual experience. There was no significant relationship found between the religion and history of previous sexual experience among the respondents. Key Words : Adolescent, Sexuality, Sexually transmitted diseases
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Impact of primary education development plan in Tanzania: The case of Ngorongoro District - Olengaire, Joseph Loleku (2009)
Available in print form, East Africana Collection, Dr.Wilbert Chagula Library, (THS EAF LB1513.T34O43)
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Influence of provider training on quality of emergency obstetric care in Kenya - Olenja, Joyce; Godia, Pamela; Kibaru, Josephine; Egondi, Thaddaeus (2009)
In addition to infectious diseases, maternal and neonatal conditions account for a substantial part of the health gap between rich and poor countries. For example, more than 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in the developing world. The majority of the deaths are caused by direct obstetric complications, including haemorrhage, sepsis, eclampsia, obstructed labour, and unsafe abortion practices. In Kenya, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, translating to 414 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Although 88 percent of Kenyan women attend antenatal care, only 40 percent deliver in the health facilities, and only 42 percent of all deliveries have skilled attendance at delivery. In the Kenyan context, access to and use of quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) are essential to efforts aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. We examine data from the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment (KSPA) to assess the availability of EmOC services in Kenya, and to demonstrate the importance of health worker training in the delivery of these life-saving services. We find that less than 20 percent of maternal health workers interviewed had received training in focused antenatal or postnatal care in the last three years. Among caregivers providing delivery services, only 18 percent had received training in lifesaving skills, and only 37 percent had received training in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during the last three years. Our analysis also demonstrates that training is a critical element in the detection and management of complications. Recent training in relevant subject matter was found to be significantly and positively associated with the ability to provide quality care in the event of unsafe abortion and postpartum haemorrhage. Training was also positively associated with the ability to provide appropriate care in the event of a retained placenta. The obvious recommendation is to ensure that up-to-date, quality training is provided to a broad base of health workers at all types of facilities, particularly at the local facilities that are the first point of contact for women experiencing an obstetric emergency. It is recognized that there are logistical obstacles to increasing the number of health workers who receive training. Further, although we isolated the element of training for this analysis, it is clear from these findings that for optimal service outcome, quality-of-care training has to be undertaken within the context of improved infrastructure and as a support to service delivery.
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Attitudes hearing impaired children face from hearing people : a case study from Wollega, Ethiopia - Olika, Ruth Erin Liselott (2009)
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ICTs and Distance Education in Nigeria - Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince; Ubogu, Andrew Egba (2009)
Advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have posed complex problem for colleges and universities in Nigeria especially in their distance education programs (Ololube, 2006). Improving the quality of education through the diversification of contents and methods and promoting experimentation, innovation, the diffusion and sharing of information and best practices as well as policy dialogue are UNESCO’s strategic objectives in education (UNESCO, 2002, 2005). As such, information and communication technologies (ICTs) literacy rate have become key tools that have a revolutionary impact on how we see the world and how we live in it. This phenomenon has given birth to the contemporary and advances in our ways of life. ICTs are having a revolutionary impact on educational methodology. However, this revolution is not widespread and needs to be strengthened to reach a large percentage of the population through distance education. In a complex society, many factors affect distance education. Hence an interdisciplinary and integrated approach is very necessary to ensure the successful development of Nigeria’s economy and society (Mac-Ikemenjima, 2005).
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Family-Work Conflict, Information Use, and Social Competence: A Case Study of Married Postgraduate Students in the Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria - Olorunfemi, Doreen Yemisi (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2009)
Introduction Managing conflict between family and work obligations is an important issue. The demands of family and work pose critical challenges to individuals, researchers, and organisations. Because of openness of economy, political changes, and changes in societal values, balance of job and family obligations has shifted dramatically. In western part of Nigeria, men have traditionally played role of breadwinner in family. With shifts in family and work domains, individuals must face and adapt to inter-role conflict (Frone and Rice, 1987). Family-work conflict a source of pressure, and can cause problems with health, work performance, and so on. The growing number of dual career couples and working mothers with young children have made it more likely that both men and women have both family and work obligations. These changes have led to considerable scholarship on work and families, including research on work-family conflict (Greenhaus and Beutel, 1985). Family-work conflict has been associated with a number of dysfunctional outcomes (Bacharach, Bamberger, and Conley, 1990), decreased family and occupational well-being (Kinnunen and Mauno, 1998), and job and life dissatisfaction (Netermeyer, Boles, and McMurrian, 1996). Netermeyer, et al., (1996) observe that work and family are two important domains that are not compatible and that there are usually conflicts between two domains. The domain flexibility hypothesis predicts that work domain is a greater source of conflict than family domain for both men and women. The domain salience hypothesis predicts that family domain is a greater source of conflict for women and work domain a greater source of conflict for men (Izraeli 1988). Studies reveal that those most satisfied with their work tend to be less satisfied with family responsibilities and vice visa. Research shows participation in one role is made more difficult by virtue of participation in other (Greenhaus and Beutel, 1985). Information use by students is also an important topic. The amount of information needed and received depends on complexity of choice or question for which information is needed. Information is indispensable in human development, and is basis for progress of human civilization and society (Aboyade in Ikonne (1995). To Nzotta (1985), human beings and human societies depend so much on information for existence that it can be said information, No life, No society. Aiyepeku (1982), in his report on use of information by policymakers in Nigeria, states that, the level of information consciousness is a deterrent to use of information by these policymakers. He also reports that level of information familiarity could be an obstacle to use of any kind of information. Family and work are two important focal points in an adult's life. The role expectations of these domains lead to conflicts that have a connection to use of information. The ability to establish, maintain, and develop constructive social relationships with other people in work environment (Frone, et al., 1992) is related to psychological distress and mental dissatisfaction (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985). Researchers have assessed family-work conflict with other variables. According to Frone, et al., (1992), operationalization of work-family conflict varies from study to study, and limits ability to generalize. To Aryee, et al. (1999), increased participation of married women in labour force in US and other industrialized countries has led to a growing realization that work and family domains are highly interdependent. He observes that adults in dual earner and single parent households must constantly strive to balance work and family requirements. Research has also shown that those with a good level of social competence and ability to use information are more likely to withstand stresses and strains of life, compared with less educationally-privileged people (Netermeyer, Boles, and McMurrian, 1996). …
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Impact of Reciprocal Peer-Tutoring on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Large Physics Classes in Nigeria - Oludipe, Bimbola Dupe (Ubiquitous learning, 2009)
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