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This study aimed to investigate how confident and comfortable teachers at Tanzanian and South African urban and rural schools are in teaching HIV/AIDS and sexuality. It also aimed at identifying factors associated with teacher confidence and investigated how reported confidence was associated with the implementation of educational programmes on HIV/AIDS and sexuality.A survey was conducted among South African grade 8 and 9 Life Orientation teachers, and among science teachers for grade 5 to...

The purpose of this study was to a) investigate hardiness behavior and organizational loyalty levels among secondary school teachers in the northern districts of the West Bank in Palestine and b) determine the effect of teachers’ gender and years of experience. The sample consisted of 396 male and female secondary school teachers, which were selected randomly from the target population. The questionnaire used in the study contained 42 items on hardiness behavior domain and 28 items for...

The purpose of this study was to a) investigate hardiness behavior and organizational loyalty levels among secondary school teachers in the northern districts of the West Bank in Palestine and b) determine the effect of teachers’ gender and years of experience. The sample consisted of 396 male and female secondary school teachers, which were selected randomly from the target population. The questionnaire used in the study contained 42 items on hardiness behavior domain and 28 items for...

This study examines and reports the prevalence of plasmodium species between gender of freshmen (first year students) of Nnamdi Azikwe University, Akwa, South-Eastern, Nigeria.Blood film examination for malaria parasites in 200 (100.0%)freshmen; 82 (41.0%) males and 118 (59.0%) females was carried out over a 6-month period.Microscopic examinations of both thick and thin blood films techniques were employed for this study.A high malaria parasite prevalence rate of 80% was noted in these...

This research identified factors associated with urban-rural difference in private sector participation in the provision and management of education in Nigeria. Using data gathered from existing official records, including interviews of community leaders, private school proprietors and other stakeholders in education, our findings revealed that private sector participation in the provision and management of education was higher in urban than rural communities, because the indices on levels...

Objective: To report attitudes to psychiatry before and after their psychiatric posting, among final-year medical students of a Nigerian University using the 30-item Attitude To Psychiatry questionnaire. Participants and Methods: A total of 126 students participated pre-clerkship, while 135 students participated in the post-clerkship phase of the study. Results: Approximately 54% of the students scored above the Attitude To Psychiatry questionnaire midpoint (90) at the pre-clerkship...

Abstract The aim of this study was twofold, namely to examine (1) the effect of learner misbehaviour on identified symptoms of educator burnout and stress, and (2) the possible association between demographic variables and symptoms of educator stress and burnout as a direct result of learner misbehaviour. The quantitative empirical approach was used in this study. A self-reporting questionnaire was completed by 511 educators. The data were analysed by means of frequencies, the Student's...

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may...

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may...

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may...

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may...

The difficulties diagnosing infants and children with HIV infection have been cited as barriers to increasing the number of children receiving antiretroviral therapy worldwide.We implemented routine HIV antibody counseling and testing for pediatric patients hospitalized at the University Teaching Hospital, a national reference center, in Lusaka, Zambia. We also introduced HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for early infant diagnosis.Caregivers/parents of children admitted to the...

This paper uses a prospective randomized trial to assess the impact of two school feeding schemes on health and education outcomes for children from low-income households in northern rural Burkina Faso. The two school feeding programs under consideration are, on the one hand, school meals where students are provided with lunch each school day, and, on the other hand, take-home rations that provide girls with10 kg of cereal flour each month, conditional on 90 percent attendance rate. After...

Lower crustal earthquakes are commonly observed in continental rifts at depths where temperatures should be too high for brittle failure to occur. Here we present accurately located earthquakes in central Ethiopia, covering an incipient oceanic plate boundary in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Seismicity is evaluated using the combination of exceptionally well resolved seismic structure of the crust and upper mantle, electromagnetic properties of the crust, rock geochemistry, and geological data....

This study is anchored in the field of interlanguage pragmatics (ITP), and the approach taken is speech-act based.In particular, our investigation compares Spanish and Moroccan university learners in the way they perceive analogies, requests and refusals with a view to shedding light on their pragmatic knowledge and strategy differences.Data were collected by a Multiple-choice discourse completion tasks questionnaire.Results show that Spanish and Moroccan speakers performed equally in terms...

This qualitative study explores how young Ugandans perceive and experience the role of parents in preventing the spread of HIV among youths. Data were gathered from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 16 in-school youths, ages 18-20, residing in Kampala. A key finding is that the youths perceived parenting styles as influencing HIV prevention among youths. The participants identified several harmful consequences from a lack of parental guidance or inadequate parenting and they...