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Previous research has investigated motivations for reading by examining positive or affirming motivations, including intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Related to them, we examined two negative, or undermining, motivations consisting of avoidance and perceived difficulty. We proposed that the motivations of intrinsic motivation and avoidance are relatively independent and thus can be combined to form meaningful profiles consisting of avid, ambivalent, apathetic, and averse readers. With...

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsShaun R. HarperShaun R. Harper is assistant professor of higher education management at the University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School of Education.Lori D. PattonLori D. Patton is assistant professor of higher education at Iowa State University.Ontario S. WoodenOntario S. Wooden is associate dean of University College at North Carolina Central University.

Abstract Two international conferences held in southern Africa in 2005 gathered education and language experts to discuss practical, theoretical, and political aspects of the development of African languages for education. Despite the diversity of the participants, there was unanimous agreement that the economic and social benefits of providing mother-tongue education far outweigh the costs. Furthermore, the predominant view was that mother-tongue education in minority languages should be...

The purpose of this paper is to review current issues in pre- and primary school reform and to pose questions on the long-term implications of present day solutions. Such an exercise will open up discussion on the probable effects of educational policy decisions with a view to minimize negative effects brought on by new policies. Because data collection in Sierra Leone is embryonic and unreliable, it is difficult to be definitive in planning future reform in education based on available...

The educational changes brought about by the South African Constitution and the Language in Education policy have resulted in many previously monolingual classrooms in South Africa becoming multilingual. Teachers in these classrooms now teach children whose mother tongue differs from the Language of Learning and Teaching (LOLT) of their particular school. The focus of the inquiry was therefore to ascertain how these teachers make sense of teaching in such classrooms. Much of the current...

The research examined disparity in the implementation of preventive discipline practices by principals of secondary schools in Nigeria. Employing the ex-post facto design, a survey of principals, teachers, students and other stakeholders was carried out. Data analyzed revealed clear disparity between male and female principals. Findings also show that general implementation of the preventive model was low among principals. The implication is that the quality of school discipline is low. It...

This thesis focuses on the social exclusion of children of primary school age in India and Mozambique by examining two related aspects: the policies that have been adopted in both countries to tackle social exclusion and the indicators they have used to identify it. It is argued that existing policy indicators in both countries can provide a partial answer to the question of how far they have been able to address social exclusion but that indicators and analyses need to be more fine grained...

This study examined the relationship between parental influence and the school readiness of African American boys, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: ECLS-K, Parents' influence, via their academic beliefs and behaviors, was associated with the cognitive performance of African American boys during kindergarten. While previous research has produced similar results, the present study indicates there are differences in which academic beliefs and parenting behaviors are most...

To the Editor: Recent advancements in technology and telecommunications have created special opportunities to use teledermatology in resource-poor settings. There are very few teledermatology programs active in sub-Saharan Africa, and most of these are targeted to specific countries or regions.1Schmid-Grendelmeier P. Masenga E.J. Haeffner A. Burg G. Teledermatology as a new tool in sub-saharan Africa: an experience from Tanzania.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 42: 833-835Abstract Full Text Full...

Abstract The effective use of assessment by teachers can have a significant impact on improving learning. However, teachers require adequate support and appropriate resources to enhance their classroom assessment practices. This article reports on the results of a study which evaluated the effectiveness of Assessment Resource Banks (ARBs) for supporting teachers in rural primary schools to improve their classroom assessment practices. These ARBs are teacher booklets that comprise sets of...

Teacher preparation programs have come under close scrutiny and teacher educators are being called to shift the center of gravity from traditional approaches to more transformative and urban‐focused curricula that will better prepare teacher candidates (TCs) to become effective and caring teachers of diverse pupils, particularly in urban sites. Critical race praxis scholars and practitioners have long argued that colleges of education have been complicit in maintaining the education...

Abstract Knowledge of the needs of graduate counselling students can assist counsellor education faculty in understanding the unique concerns of this student population and thus assist in the development of adjunct services to address these important issues. This study compared the needs of graduate counselling students from the United States (U.S.) and Nigeria and found that they shared many of the same concerns, with time management as the highest-ranked concern. The implications of these...

Introduction Information technology has permanently altered traditional librarianship and the duties of librarians and support staff. Before the advent of information and communication technology (ICT), academic libraries were the sole custodians of information, which was mostly in print (Annunobi 2008). Information technologies have also had an impact on healthcare workers. The Internet brings access and communication on an unprecedented scale (Masys 2005). Sources of information are...

Fieldwork conducted in 1998 and 2005 in six previously segregated Cape Town schools illustrates the results of post-apartheid education policies. The apartheid legacy was one of gross racial, urban-rural and provincial inequalities, and the racially divided education system was a key target of the liberation struggle, but despite increased spending on coloured, Indian and black African education in the 1980s it had undergone no radical change by 1994.Desegregation has occurred in urban...

We examine data from the rural Arusha region in Tanzania in which households are asked to recall the illness episodes of randomly chosen other households in their village. We interviewed 502 randomly selected households from 22 villages in 20 wards of Arusha. We analyze the probability that a household can recall another illness episode as a function of the characteristics of the illness, the location and type of health care chosen and the outcome experienced. We found that households are...

Abstract Education is an important vehicle for the achievement of overall sustainable development. Moreover, international organisations have encouraged governments around the world to work towards achieving education for all. The notion of inclusive education has been useful in ensuring that country-level educational policies and practices incorporate and serve the interests of learners coming from diverse socio-cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Language facilitation has been earmarked...

This study examines the spatial awareness of HIV-AIDS among students of tertiary institutions in Edo State Nigeria. Four higher institutions were selected for this study in the state and primary data were obtained from these institutions using questionnaire and personal observation. Secondary data used were obtained from published materials. The analysis of the data showed that awareness of HIV-AIDS in the high institutions is relatively high and most of the students were aware of its...

Changes in the coastal upwelling ecosystems need to be accounted for as these structures are responsible for an important percentage of the global fish catch, for the primary and secondary productivity and for the atmosphere-ocean exchange. In this sense, our work aims to assess its impact in the coastal upwelling regions located in the northwest African coast (latitudes 5° to 36°N and longitudes 5° to 30°W). This area is one of the major upwelling regions in the world, so, it is important...