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Over the years, national school examinations in Zambia have been used for the certification and selection of candidates at primary, junior secondary and senior secondary school levels. School-based continuous assessment marks have been neither considered nor used for certification and selection except in some practical subjects. In 1977, educational reforms provided for the use of continuous assessment, but this provision has not generally been applied. The Ministry of Education policy...

Uganda is one of the African countries that have decentralized its education system. This country-specific paper examines the implementation process and the way forward to decentralizing education in a developing country. There have been gains and challenges from decentralization and processes linked to it. While the implementation of Universal Primary Education in 1997 increased significantly school enrollment aas well as the number of classrooms; on the other hand, student-teacher and...

The prevalence and frequency of bullying in Nairobi public secondary schools in particular and in Kenyan schools in general is not known. Knowledge of the extent of the problem is essential in developing effective interventions.To study the prevalence and frequency of bullying in Nairobi public secondary schools, Kenya.A self-report sociodemographic questionnaire and the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire of 1991 were administered to 1 012 students from a stratified sample of public secondary...

Few topics seem to rile students as much as genital cutting (FGC), even in a classroom characterized by moderate discussion. Two discussion threads usually emerge: one is outright condemnation of the practice, including labeling it female genital mutilation, and the other is some display of cultural relativity which leads, for the most part, to its reluctant acceptance. These responses replicate the basic arguments used today in a variety of forums in and outside of Africa, and range from...

Background. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) introduced a new definition of the metabolic syndrome (MS) that emphasises ethnic-specific cut-offs for waist circumference (WC).Objective. To compare MS prevalence rates using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP: ATP III) and IDF definitions.Methods. Anthropometric data, fasting biochemical variables and MS prevalence rates were measured in 40 black patients with established coronary artery...

To evaluate the causes, clinical features and treatment of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.Patients with traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane from August 2003 to February 2005 were evaluated clinically to determine the cause and the site of perforation. They had pure tone audiometry done. Treated by non- surgical means and followed up.Fifty- eight (8.6%) patients with traumatic perforation were seen among 676 patients with...

Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are among the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which have recently implemented policies for free primary education, motivated in part by renewed democratic accountability following the re-emergence of multi-party politics in the 1990s. However, it is not the first time that the goal of expanding primary education has been pursued by these three neighbouring countries which have much in common. Since the 1960s, they have attempted to expand access at various levels...

This study evaluated the perceptions of Nigerian university students concerning the influence of cigarette advertisement on their smoking habit. It also assessed the influences of smokers' age and significant others on their smoking habits. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD) technique from 566 smokers (503 males and 63 females) selected from among students of six universities in south-western Nigeria. Information obtained from the FGD was...

This study was motivated by the premise that no nation grows further than the quality of its education. The paper presents an investigation on the relationships between funding, ICT, selection processes, administration and planning and the standard of science teacher education in Nigeria. The data for the study was gathered through a two page questionnaire administered to 180 respondents who were accessible in the Faculties of Education and Schools of Education of selected institutions. In...

This paper addresses the issue of funding the education sector which has assumed the centre-stage of discourse of education in Nigeria in recent times with particular reference to the Nigerian university system. The study sampled various stakeholders in the sector including parents, university management and administrators, students, academic staff, tax-payers, company executives with a view to determining the level to which funds are available to the university system in Nigeria, the...

BACKGROUND: Enugu State typifies a Third World environment where most deliveries occur outside the hospital setting. In such circumstances, hospital-based data about congenital defects are unreliable and call for special methods of approach. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and pattern of male external genital defects in Igbo male secondary school students in Nigeria. METHOD: Samples of male students aged 10 years and above seen in randomly selected secondary schools in Enugu State, of...

An out line of the scheme of training specialists in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) in South Africa is given and the difference with Indian training discussed

With only two students in the final year, the class of 1930 was the 2nd smallest in the history of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Noteworthy is that the class photograph is composed of individual shots of the graduates and that 1 photograph was taken several years after qualification. The photograph of the Class of 1931 is the more customary composite one. The Dean, Prof. P J du Toit, does not feature in either. Concise descriptions are given of the life histories of the 8 graduates. Again their...

What is the most effective way to increase primary school enrolment and student learning? We argue that innovations in governance of social services may yield the highest return since social service delivery in developing countries is often plagued by inefficiencies and corruption. We examine this hypothesis by exploiting an unusual policy experiment: A newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with information to monitor local...

What is the most effective way to increase primary school enrolment and student learning? We argue that innovations in governance of social services may yield the highest return since social service delivery in developing countries is often plagued by inefficiencies and corruption. We examine this hypothesis by exploiting an unusual policy experiment: A newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with information to monitor local...

The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of why African electoral systems should be reformed and how to do so in order to improve the quality of representation, participation, and government effectiveness.We attempt to offer a generic framework, a menu, so to speak, whereby African political parties and policy makers can reflect on the current state of play vis-à-vis their electoral systems and then decide whether a comprehensive or partial electoral reform...

Journal Article Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province Get access A. Samie, A. Samie * aDepartment of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South AfricabCenter for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA *Corresponding author. Present address: Center for Global...