Factors affecting student performance in mathematics: a case of secondary school students in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya - Osena, Caroline K (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Antimalarial Prescriptions for Children Presenting with Uncomplicated Malaria to a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria after the Change of National Guidelines for Malaria Treatment - Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola (2007)
Malaria is still a major public health problem in Nigeria. It is the leading cause of infant and childhood mortality in Nigeria. The cornerstones of its management are prevention, early and appropriate diagnosis and prompt, adequate and appropriate treatment. The conformity of the prescribed antimalarials for the children that presented to the paediatric outpatient clinic to the World Health Organisation's recommendation and the national guidelines for malaria treatment in Nigeria was the aim of this research. The case files of children that presented to the paediatric outpatient clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between March and September, 2006 were studied prospectively. The case files were coded and selected randomly. A total of 3500 case files were studied. Information of the patients with regards to their ages, gender, weights, body temperatures, diagnosis of malaria (provisional or confirmatory) and the types of antimalarials prescribed were extracted from the case files. Antimalarials constituted the highest group of drugs prescribed as indicated in 2824 (80.1%) of the case files. Children aged 12 to 72 months constituted the highest percentage (47.6%) and those with ages 0 to 1 month constituted the least (1.3%) patients treated for malaria. Artemesinin based combination drugs constituted 26.2% of all the antimalarials prescribed followed by Sulphadoxine+Pyrimethamine 564 (20.0%). Artemether+lumefantrine was the least 40 (1.4%). Majority of these drugs were prescribed based on provisional diagnosis rather than on diagnostic investigations. Most of the prescriptions including Sulphadoxine+Pyrimethamine were written in their brand names and were associated more with underdosage errors. It was concluded that more efforts should be geared towards malaria prevention than chemotherapy. Nigeria policy for malaria treatment should include continuous surveillance of rational prescription of the available drugs, especially the artemesinin combined drugs and implementation of the new guidelines.
Keywords: openalex:import

Maslovian Theory of Human Needs: Implications for Adult Education Curriculum in Nigeria - Osuji, Sydney Nwanakponna (Essays in Education, 2007)
The objective of this paper is to probe the relevance of the Maslovian theory of hierarchy of human needs to adult education curriculum in Nigeria. A historical sketch of adult education curriculum in the country revealed congruence between contents of programmes and students’ aspirations and vice versa. Therefore, to infest adult education curriculum in the country with the tenets of Maslow’s theory, there should be a survey to ascertain the needs and interests of different categories of adults; provision for different interests; efficient and effective delivery machinery including units for monitoring achievements; and above all, efficient professionals capable of affording students opportunities to satisfy their needs and interests.
Keywords: openalex:import

Mainstreaming Environment and Sustainability in Pupils' Perception: Challenge for Tertiary Education in Kenya - Otewa, John Odhiambo; Kerich, Richard; Otor, S.C.J.; Otiende, James E. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

An Assessment of the role of teaching and support staff in maintenance of resources: a case of Majengo secondary school, Bondo district, Nyanza province in Kenya - Othieno, Indira Ogonjo (2007)
A project submitted to Institute of Humanities, Education and Development Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Postgraduate diploma in Educational Management
Keywords: openalex:import

Occupational Health Injuries among Health Care Workers at Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya - Otieno, Camlus (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Identification of fig genotypes tolerant to drought in Morocco. - Oukabli, Ahmed; Bari, Abdallah; Mekkaoui, Abderrahmane; Lahlou, M. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Action-oriented Health Education in the context of Kenyan Primary schools. - Ouma, Onyago W (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Developing and maintaining high standards of discipline among students in public secondary schools in Nyando District, Nyanza province, Kenya - Owiso, Mark O (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

A Comparative Study of the Physical Fitness of Physical Education and Non-physical Education University Students in Botswana - Owolabi, Emmanuel O.; Motale, R.; Marais, Richard (International journal of physical education, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Involvement of patients in pharmacy education in Ghana. - Owusu-Daaku, Frances; Buabeng, KO; Panyin, AB; Shah, Rahul; Fw, Smith (International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Treatment Of Heart Failure In A Teaching Hospital In Ghana, West Africa - Owusu, Isaac Kofi (The internet journal of the third world medicine, 2007)
This study was done to compare the treatment of heart failure at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. Patients above twelve years admitted to the medical wards with heart failure were recruited. Detailed history was obtained. Clinical examination, and laboratory investigations were done. Treatments received by the patients whilst on admission were studied and compared with the ESC guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. Hundred patients were studied; 52 males and 48 females, aged 14-100 years with mean 56.15 ( 18.50) years. Every patient received frusemide. ACE-I were used in 83.3%, 51.7 % and 55.4 % of the patients with NYHA classes II, III, and IV respectively. Beta-blockers were used in 33.3%, 20.7% and 12.3% of patients with NYHA classes II, III and IV respectively. In conclusion, frusemide and ACE-I were the two most common drugs prescribed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Africa's Education Enigma? The Nigerian Story - Oyelere, Ruth Uwaifo (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
In the last two decades, the social and economic benefits of formal education in Sub-Saharan Africa have been debated. Anecdotal evidence points to low returns to education in Africa. Unfortunately, there is limited econometric evidence to support these claims at the micro level. In this study, I focus on Nigeria a country that holds 1/5 of Africa's population. I use instruments based on the exogenous timing of the implementation and withdrawal of free primary education across regions in this country to consistently estimate the returns to education in the late 1990s. The results show the average returns to education are particularly low in the 90s, in contrast to conventional wisdom for developing countries (2.8% for every extra year of schooling between 1997 and 1999). Surprisingly, I find no significant differences between OLS and IV estimates of returns to education when necessary controls are included in the wage equation. The low returns to education results shed new light on both the changes in demand for education in Nigeria and the increased emigration rates from African countries that characterized the 90s.
Keywords: openalex:import

Helminthic reduction with albendazole among school children in riverine communities of Nigeria - Oyewole, Funmilayo C; Ariyo, F; Oyibo, Wellington; Sanyaolu, A.A.A.; Faweya, T.; Monye, P.; Ukpong, Mercy; Soremekun, B.; Okoro, Chinyere K.; Fagbenro-Beyioku, A F; Olufunlayo, TF (Journal of Rural and Tropical Public Health, 2007)
The objective of this study is to report the prevalence and reduction in geohelminthic infection among Primary School children living in riverine communities of Delta State, Nigeria. Stool samples from randomly selected Primary School pupils were obtained before and after treatment with a single 200 mg dose of albendazole. The Kato-Katz method was used in the processing of the stool specimens as well as the quantification of infection. Very brief information on hygienic practices and environmental sanitation practices were obtained from the children, Teachers, Health Officer, parents etc through questionnaires, in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussions. In riverine communities of Warri North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria, 697 (77%) of the school children studied were infected with intestinal helminthes. Trichuris trichiura infection occurred more (57%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (54%) and Hookworm (5%). Multiple helminthic infections were recorded, with Ascaris-Trichuris having the highest prevalence among the children. The low level of environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, absence of potable drinking water, and lack of awareness of the effect of nematode infection generally were identified as possible reasons for the high rate of infectivity. Post-treatment intervention with albendazole brought about reductions in the infectivity level of Trichuris trichiura to 25.4%, Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Hookworm (1.8%). Estimated rate of reduction was 95.6%, 64% and 56.1% for Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura respectively. All the teachers interviewed expressed their willingness to participate in regular de-worming programmes in their schools. The 77% prevalence of intestinal geohelminthiasis before deworming the children with albendazole was reduced to 34% post-treatment. Regular deworming of members of this community will reduce infectivity with geohelminthes and thus the consequences especially in children. Though the relationship between hygienic and sanitation practices were not properly investigated, provision of toilet facilities, hand wash after using the toilet and before eating will be useful. In addition, the availability of potable water for utility purpose and mobilization with health education messages on the good hygienic practices will be useful. The willingness of the Primary School Teachers to participate in future deworming programmes is an impetus to the establishment of sustainable and regular deworming programme in the community.
Keywords: openalex:import

Knowledge, attitude, and willingness of Nigerian physiotherapy students to provide care for patients living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y.; Utti, Victor; Oyeyemi, Luqman; Onigbinde, Ayodele Teslim (Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2007)
In the current AIDS pandemics, equipping health professional students with adequate knowledge and positive attitude is necessary to produce graduates who can deliver appropriate intervention to patients infected with HIV or who have developed AIDS. The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the Nigerian physiotherapy students' knowledge, attitude, and their willingness to provide care for patients living with AIDS (PWA) and to 2) determine the sociodemographic variables that could influence the students' attitude and willingness to provide care for PWA. Physiotherapy students (N = 104) in four training programs in Nigeria were surveyed using a two-part questionnaire. Part I elicited sociodemographic and previous AIDS encounter information, and Part II assessed knowledge, attitude, and willingness to provide care to PWA. Nigerian students showed unsatisfactory knowledge, harbored negative attitude, and many of them were unwilling to render care for PWA. Religious affiliation, training programs, long-term career goals, and previous instructions on AIDS influenced the students' attitude. The study identified the need for a comprehensive AIDS curriculum and recommend that all programs in Nigeria include clinical clerkship, small group discussions, and seminars on ethical and medico-legal issues on AIDS in their curriculum.
Keywords: openalex:import

Academic integrity in language teaching and learning in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Oyinloye, Gbeminiyi (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

A Study about the Important Tasks of Teaching the Bible in Korean Church : Based on the Educational Insights from Biblical Interpretation and Education of African - American Teology - PaikEunMi (Journal of Christian Education in Korea, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education, Training and Labour Market Outcomes in Ghana: A Review of the Evidence - Palmer, Robert (9, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher remuneration: a critical policy review in Botswana - Pansiri, Nkobi Owen (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Human-elephant conflict mitigation: a training course for community-based approaches in Africa (participant's manual) - Parker, Guy; Osborn, F.V.; Hoarse, R.E. (2007)
Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) is a complex and pervasive problem that occurs throughout the range of the African elephant wherever elephants and people share the same habitat, often competing for the same resources. [adapted from author] This training manual aims to train African wildlife managers in HEC mitigation. This is the second of two volumes: a trainers manual (seefurther information)and a participants manual. The course consists of five modules each including an introductory presentation, trainer presentations, group discussions and activities. Activities include measuring crop fields and damage areas, constructing mitigation measures, conducting practice interviews and how to use a range of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques. Modules include: What is human elephant conflict and whose responsibility is it? Elephant behaviour and ecology in conflict situations Mitigation Measures used in HEC The importance of recording, reportingand analysis of problem incidents Developing community based HEC mitigation The participants manual provides all the background and technical information to be covered by the course.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education for livelihoods and civic participation inpost-conflict countries: conceptualizing a holistic approach to TVET planning and programming in Sub-Saharan Africa - Paulson, Julia; Kane, Liam; Barakat, Bilal (2007)
Conceptualizing a Holistic Approach to TVET Planning and Programming in Sub-Saharan Africa This UNEVOC Discussion Paper conceptualizes a holistic approach to TVET programming and planning in selected post-conflict countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides a review of relevant literature and elaborates the principal theoretical and practical issues shaping the current delivery of TVET in these countries. The second half of the paper introduces literature-based case studies of education and training arrangements in Liberia, Uganda and southern Sudan.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Colonial Era in the Gambian Secondary School History Teaching - Pedersen, Josefine (2007)
The aim of this thesis is to study and analyse how the manifestation of the British colonial era is presented and interpreted in Gambian secondary school history teaching. The sources used in this ...
Keywords: openalex:import

Market Movements: African American Involvement in School Voucher Reform - Pedroni, Thomas C. (2007)
Winner of the 2009 Critics Choice Book Award of the American Educational Studies Association (AESA) Through careful ethnographic research, Market Movements represents community leaders, school officials, and most importantly, African American working class families who have used vouchers as a means of removing their children from public schools they deemed unacceptable. The book works to discern the overlaps and tensions between the educational visions of African American voucher families and those of powerful conservative educational forces in U.S. society which purport to be allied with them. To the extent that there are points of divergence with the educational right, and points of convergence with educational progressives, this book provides a hopeful message and a practical vision. It seeks to accomplish some of the critical empirical and conceptual groundwork that is necessary in order to renew the increasingly fractious relations between those social actors—teachers, communities of color, critical researchers, and labor unions—most likely to defend and expand previous social democratic victories.
Keywords: openalex:import

The End of the Comprehensive High School? African American Support for Private School Vouchers - Pedroni, Thomas C. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The experimental research on the asthma grain of YANG HE learns the varity to the asthma model guinea pig lung function and the appearance - Peng, Bo (Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2007)
Aim Observe the influence on the asthma guinea pig lung function and the organism under electron microscope,inquiry into the mechanism that it cures asthma.Method 120 miscellaneous color guinea pigs(sixty male guinea pigs and sixty female guinea pigs) was divided into 6 groups randomly and separately.Give after using the egg albumin to induct the guinea pig asthma successfully YANG HE asthma grain,hexadecadrol,the GUI LONG asthma capsule to carry on a treatment,observing the varity of lung function and the organism under the electron microscope or light microscope.Result Compared with the normal control group,the index of the lung function in the model set show inhale resistance(Ri) and breathe out resistance(Re) all conspicuously incresed,the lung conformance(Cldyn) descend,Manifestation of the lung organism under electron microscope:the lung organism of the animal was infiltrated lamellarly by eosinophile granulocyte in the model set.A part of type II cell 's mitochondrial crista was disapeared,expanded.the lamellar body was reduced,with some empty cell.The lacuna vasorumis is becoming narrow,the capillary endothelium swell,the nucleus is concentrated,the elder pith corpuscle could be seen in cytoplasm(denaturationof the organelle),and the structure of basilar membrane isn't clear.Conclusion YANG HE asthma grain can improve the lung function of the damage,attain a purpose of cureing the asthma.
Keywords: openalex:import

Community-based rehabilitation and orthopaedic surgery for children with motor impairment in an African context - Penny, Norgrove; Zulianello, Regina; Dreise, Marieke M.; Steenbeek, Michiel (Disability and Rehabilitation, 2007)
Purpose. To report on the development of a program to treat and rehabilitate children with chronic orthopaedic disabilities in the sub-Saharan African context incorporating orthopaedic reconstructive surgery within community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programs.Method. Practice of rehabilitation descriptive report.Results. In a six-year period between 1996 and 2002, a comprehensive project addressing the rehabilitative and orthopaedic surgery needs of children with motor impairments was established in Uganda. Using the principles of CBR, more than 5000 children annually were assisted with 875 receiving orthopaedic reconstructive surgery. CBR proved a powerful tool in creating awareness and facilitating access to care amongst rural populations living in the circumstances of extreme poverty. By networking the services of several non-governmental development organizations, government agencies, service providers and community groups, a large number of children could be reached in an integrated way. The ‘recipe for success’ of rehabilitation required access to and integration of all of the following ingredients: CBR, a transportation system, rehabilitation hostels, physiotherapy, orthopaedic surgery, and orthopaedic appliance technology.Conclusions. CBR played a vital role in ensuring access to rehabilitative care and the success of orthopaedic reconstructive surgery.
Keywords: openalex:import

Structural lineaments in a volcanic island evaluated through remote sensing techniques The case of Santiago Island (Cape Verde) - Pereira, Alcides; Victória, Sónia Silva; Vicente, Ana; Neves, Luís (2007)
The remote sensing data (optical and radar) was used with the purpose of identify the structural lineaments that crosscut the geological formations that composed the bedrock of the south part of Santiago island (Cape Verde). Besides tectonics, this study also provided new insights to the understanding of the hydrogeological system of the volcanic island.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Magic Wand in Making Constitutions Endure in Africa: Anything (Lessons) to Learn from East Africa? - Peter, Chris Maina (African and Asian Studies, 2007)
Abstract Most African countries got their flag independence in the 1960s. Soon thereafter, one after the other, the new states began falling into the hands of new military strongmen. Those lucky fell under one-party dictatorships. Democracy and rule of law became alien to the continent. Using the case study of East Africa, this paper asks what should be done to improve the situation in the continent. Many in the continent thought that the introduction of a multiparty political system in the 1990s would improve the situation. It did not happen. The same military juntas had traded military fatigues with designer suits and got themselves “elected” into the same offices they got in by force in the first place. Constitutions in Africa are not worth the paper they are written on. They are amended just like any other inferior law. This paper attempts to propose what could be done to make constitutions in Africa endure time and become more stable. It is being proposed that Africa needs to respect the main tenets of constitutionalism. These are rule of law, independence of judiciary and clear separation of powers in the state. These principles should be complemented by development of a culture of peace, respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, equal access of all citizens to the natural wealth and resources of the country, and limited leadership. As a model for constitutionalism, the East African region has nothing to offer to the continent.
Keywords: openalex:import

The perceptions of African American fourth grade students about their school experience - Peters, Katie Coleman (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparative analysis of reflectance spectroscopy and laboratory based assessment of asbestos pollution in the rehabilitated mining environment, South Africa - Petja, Brilliant Mareme; Twumasi, Yaw A.; Tengbeh, George (2007)
Asbestos minerals (Amosite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Tremolite, Anthophylite) were mined extensively in South Africa for more than ninety years. The mines were later closed because of the negative health and environmental impacts, thereafter commissioning the mine rehabilitation process in 1986. Since then, there has not been an effectively coordinated monitoring procedure to assess the progress of mine rehabilitation in mitigating asbestos pollution. Field evidence shows that traces of different asbestos minerals appear scattered even after the rehabilitation process has been conducted. This study uses remote sensing techniques to spectrally distinguish different types of asbestos minerals in the post-mining environment for use in pollution monitoring. Laboratory based techniques (X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy) were performed to detect the presence of asbestos minerals in soil and water of the rehabilitated environments. Analytical spectral devices (ASD) field spectrometer was used to collect spectra of asbestos minerals and that of soil and water samples analyzed in the laboratory in order to detect the presence of these minerals using spectral characteristics, and to compare the output with laboratory results. Results show that very low quantities of asbestos in water (<1 ppm) cannot be clearly detected using spectral data. The results were correlated to examine the potential use of remote sensing techniques in monitoring the asbestos polluted environment.
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS education in South Africa: knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of high school learners in Paarl and Wellington - Pharaoh, Hamilton; Frantz, José M.; Rhoda, Anthea (Journal of Community and Health Sciences, 2007)
IntroductionIn South Africa about 1500 people become HIV infected every day. More than half of these new infections occur in young people. HIV/AIDS programmes have been implemented to combat the disease, but yet the incidences are still on the increase.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of high school learners about HIV/AIDS in the Paarl and Wellington area.MethodologyThis study made use of a quantitative study design, by means of a self-administered questionnaire in order to reflect the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of high school learners in the Paarl and Wellington areas regarding HIV/AIDS. Convenient sampling was used to obtain a large enough sample size to represent the learner population represented by the high schools in Paarl and Wellington. Data analysis was done usingthe SPSS version 10.0 to obtain frequencies, means and percentages. Cross-tabulations were done to determine relationships between variables.ResultsThis study confirms that the learners have basic knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. The learners make use of this knowledge during some stages of their decision-making but a lack of more in-depth knowledge in certainareas may put them at risk of becoming HIV infected. They might not perceive themselves to be at risk. Their beliefs and attitudes in some instances did afford them the opportunity to make certain safer choicesregarding their sexual health.ConclusionIt is evident that the HIV/AIDS education programmes is making an impact to improve the knowledge of the learners. Further research is however needed to find even more effectives means to provide learners andthe rest of the population with more in-depth knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: openalex:import

The School Functioning of Individuals with Childhood Experiences of Sexual Abuse: Results and Implications of a South African Study - Phasha, Tlakale Nareadi (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2007)
This study investigated the school functioning of individuals with childhood sexual experiences in South Africa. The nature of the study was qualitative, and employed two data collection strategies: in-depth individual interviews with 22 survivors of child sexual abuse and focus interviews with two groups of teachers. The study revealed that participants' emotional reaction to the abuse affected three broad areas of school functioning: concentration, interest in school-related activities and school adjustment. The intensity of these problems varied across participants. The findings are consistent with Finkelhor and Browne's (1986) traumagenic model, which suggests that the experience of child sexual abuse often results in feelings that interfere with one's cognitive development and emotional orientations to the world and causes trauma by distorting the victim's self concept and worldview.
Keywords: openalex:import

Experiences of diversity in a South African public school - Phatlane, Rakgadi (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Partners, Parents, and Peers' Effects on African American Youths' School Achievement - Phelps, Kenyatta (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Policy Implications of Droughts and Food Insecurity in Malawi and Zambia - Philipose, Anandita (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Transforming Higher Education For Effective Technical And Vocational Skills Delivery In Zimbabwe - Phuthi, Nduduzo; Maphosa, Nobuhle (2007)
Presented at a Research seminar in Accra,Ghana,from 22 to 24 march 2007 on the theme ?The Contribution of Higher education to National Education Systems: Current Challenges for Africa?.,The major thrust of technical and vocational education (TVE) worldwide is to address issues of youth unemployment, poverty and international competitiveness in skills development towards current and projected opportunities and challenges (McGrath, 2005). Such issues are crucial to Africa?s dignity and survival in the fast-changing global environment. African countries and their governments have been challenged to take cues from their industrialized counterparts to seriously consider the role of higher education and training in the quest for economic emancipation and social stability. In developed countries, higher education, for its part, is facilitating the elevation of human intellectual capital well above other forms of human endowment. The International Bank for Development and Reconstruction/World Bank (2000) has observed that: ?Today, global wealth is concentrated less and less in factories, land, tools, and machinery. ? Human capital in the United States is now estimated to be at least three times more important than physical capital. ? The developed world is reacting quickly, with education a major political priority. High quality human capital is developed in high quality education systems, with tertiary education providing the advanced skills that command a premium in today?s workplace.? TVE has played an important role in charting the course for human civilization into modern times. Most of today?s increasingly more complex and specialized technical jobs require systematic strategies of handing down vital cumulative skills to younger generations. It has been noted that in developing countries, TVE is one of those sections of education given much less priority in policy formulation, funding and monitoring than other sections such as basic education. In this paper we analyze some pertinent developments and report on a survey of major policies and activities that promote and recognize the place and role of technical and vocational education in Zimbabwe in relation to the demands of this type of education for the economic development of the country. The challenge to transformation in our developing economies as always is whether to emphasize cultural and contextual differences and national idiosyncrasies instead of international similarities, competitiveness and comparative indicators. (Watson,1994). In order to play its part well as leading and advising, higher education must itself be seen to transform.
Keywords: openalex:import

Introducing unit standards-based education and training methodology for security practitioners - a South African perspective - Pillay, K. (Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 2007)
Over the past 20 years, as the private security industry in South Africa grew at a rapid rate, there have been ongoing concerns raised at the generally low levels of professionalisation and specialisation within the broader private security sector. Furthermore, with the provision of various training courses - often of short duration and suspect quality - by unregulated or non-accredited training centres, many of the fly-by-night variety or using unqualified trainers, there have been justifiable concerns on the side of various roleplayers and industry commentators at the lack of quality control and standardisation. Originally in the late 1980s, the regulatory body responsible for the industry, the Security Officers' Board, developed standard training courses; however these were only aimed at guards (levels E-A). With the growing sophistication of the industry as a whole, and the need for further professionalisation and training beyond that of the ground-level practitioner (i e guard) level, a limited number of educational institutions developed certificate, diploma and national diploma tertiary qualifications for security practitioners in the mid-1990s, and at a later stage a degree for security management. While these efforts assisted in the further professionalisation and growth of a security manager cadre for the industry, the need for better quality control and content evaluation of all the available training course offerings in South Africa arose. In addition, the technical and specialisation demands of the changing operations of the industry as a whole placed additional demands on training providers for the industry. These changes were made in conjunction with the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) requirements for the generation of unit standards by the industry Standard Generating Boards (SGBs). This process was further facilitated by the recent Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the current regulatory agency, the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (SIRA,) and the Safety & Security Sector Education & Training Authority (SASSETA - formerly the POSLEC SETA), in terms of which SASSETA would assist SGBs with the generation of unit standards as well as the accreditation of training service providers. However, these initiatives were limited to training up to SAQA level 4. In respect of SAQA levels 5-9 it remained the prerogative of the tertiary institutions themselves to recurriculate and develop new courses. This article traces some of these processes, the problems encountered, and looks at future training and educational needs that might arise in the private security industry in South Africa in order to service and provide for the ever more complex training needs of this particular industry.
Keywords: openalex:import

African women with disabilities : the victims of multilayered discrimination - Plessis, Ilze Grobbelaar-du (SA Publiekreg = SA Public Law, 2007)
People with disabilities face many obstacles in their struggle for equality. Both men and women who are physically or mentally challenged are subject to discrimination, but women with disabilities are further disadvantaged, not only because they are disabled, but because they are 'disabled women'. Initially disability research assumed that gender and social dimensions such as race, class, culture and religion were irrelevant. Similarly, disability studies traditionally followed a gender-blind approach, and therefore neglected to explore the influence of gender, culture and religion on the lives of men and women with disabilities. According to Traustadottir the major unifying factor of women with disabilities is the conceptualisation that they are a group with multiple-minority status. According to Human Rights Watch, women are more likely than men to become disadvantage during their lives, due in part to gender bias in the allocation of scarce resources and in access to service. According to their website, women are less likely than men to make use of existing social services, including residential services due to social, cultural and religious factors. Disabled women and girls face the same spectrum of human rights abuses that able-bodied women face. However, these abuses are magnified due to the social isolation and dependence of the women concerned. In some countries laws overtly discriminate against disabled women, and even where the laws are not discriminatory, disabled women and girls face a host of abuses at the hands of their caregivers, communities and the state. The discrimination these women face is deeply embedded in the cultural, religious and gender biased societies they live in. Persistence of certain cultural, religious and gender-based barriers makes women and girls with disabilities the victims of multi-discrimination. These women often lack the opportunities of the mainstream population, making them the most marginalised group in society.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and learning in South African schools - Plessis, Pierre du; Conley, Lloyd; Plessis, Elize du (2007)
Teaching and learning in South African schools offers sound, detailed and practical direction to help new and experienced educators and student educators move with ease within the framework of teaching and learning. This title will enable them to understand the management of teaching and learning in schools, apply the relevant roles of the educator to teaching practice; ensure staff development and partnerships with parents and communities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and learning in South African schools - Plessis, Pierre du; Conley, Lloyd; Plessis, Elize du (2007)
Teaching and learning in South African schools offers sound, detailed and practical direction to help new and experienced educators and student educators move with ease within the framework of teaching and learning. This title will enable them to understand the management of teaching and learning in schools, apply the relevant roles of the educator to teaching practice; ensure staff development and partnerships with parents and communities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and learning in South African schools - Plessis, Pierre du; Conley, Lloyd; Plessis, Elize du (2007)
Teaching and learning in South African schools offers sound, detailed and practical direction to help new and experienced educators and student educators move with ease within the framework of teaching and learning. This title will enable them to understand the management of teaching and learning in schools, apply the relevant roles of the educator to teaching practice; ensure staff development and partnerships with parents and communities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and learning in South African schools - Plessis, Pierre du; Conley, Lloyd; Plessis, Elize du (2007)
Teaching and learning in South African schools offers sound, detailed and practical direction to help new and experienced educators and student educators move with ease within the framework of teaching and learning. This title will enable them to understand the management of teaching and learning in schools, apply the relevant roles of the educator to teaching practice; ensure staff development and partnerships with parents and communities.
Keywords: openalex:import

Pro-poor education : an analysis of key policies guiding funding to basic education at a primary level in South Africa - Poggenpoel, Sasha (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Caregiver Education as a Prevention Strategy for Communication Disorders in South Africa - Popich, Elsa; Louw, Brenda; Eloff, Irma (Infants and Young Children, 2007)
Many early interventionists in clinical practice still do not appear to be wholeheartedly committed to participating in the prevention of communication disorders and the promotion of optimal development, which have been identified as primary roles for all professionals (ASHA, 1991). Owing to the prevalence of risk factors such as HIV/AIDS and poverty, infants and young children in developing countries such as South Africa are at an even higher risk for developing communication disorders, resulting in a greater need for early interventionists to focus on the prevention of communication disorders and the tools needed to achieve this. The purpose of this article is to (1) highlight the need for prevention of communication disorders and discuss the different types of prevention strategies used with special reference made to the needs within South Africa; (2) to highlight the potential benefits of caregiver education programs on communication development, including a discussion on a South African study that developed a tool that could be used for caregiver education; and (3) to encourage early interventionists to participate in prevention actions through the provision of practical guidelines and strategies.
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender, Media and Disabilities in Tanzania - Possi, Mwajabu K. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender, media and disabilities in Tanzania: a critical analysis - Possi, Mwajabu K. (Journal of Adult Education, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender is society: Inclusive lawmaking in Rwandas Parliament. - Powley, Elizabeth; Pearson, Elizabeth (2007)
In August 2006 eight members of the Rwandan Parliament introduced a wide-ranging bill to combat gender-based violence (GBV). Because Rwanda leads the world in womens political representation-48.8 percent of its lower house of Parliament is female-it is perhaps unsurprising that criminalizing GBV is a legislative priority. What is remarkable however is the extent to which women and men worked together on this issue; the bill known as Draft Law on the Prevention Protection and Punishment of Any Gender-Based Violence was co-sponsored by four women and four men. While the legacy of the 1994 genocide permeates all aspects of life in Rwanda including contemporary politics and gender relations this article does not attempt to comprehensively address the relationship between the genocide or its attendant trauma and current gender relations. Instead it explores one case of postconflict policymaking and posits that it is emblematic of the state of gender relations in Rwanda today. Based on field research during the summer of 2006 this article examines the ways in which women parliamentarians engaged male colleagues in the fight against GBV. Motivated by principle and strategic concerns Rwandan women parliamentarians created a cooperative rather than adversarial legislative campaign. The development and drafting of the GBV bill which passed through to committee without objection but awaits a final vote in Parliament provides a successful model for engaging men in traditionally womens issues. (excerpt)
Keywords: openalex:import

TEACHING FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND LATINO STUDENTS - Pratt, Hannah Chin (2007)
This paper examines the contextual situation of students of color within the public education system and identifies effective strategies for teaching for social justice in a diverse secondary foreign language classroom. An investigation into the history of the educational experiences for African American and Mexican American students reveals educational racism and deculturalization for these students. In addition, historical background on educational movements for social change foreshadows some of the results from the research literature. A critical review of the literature shows that caring for the whole student, student-centered pedagogy, fostering school-home connections, developing cultural sensitivity and valuing biculturalism, and utilizing cooperative learning are effective strategies for helping students of color empower themselves to be agents of change in pursuit of social justice. Suggestions for future research and a discussion of classroom implications are provided to answer the question of effective strategies for teaching for social justice in a diverse foreign language classroom.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching professionalism: a South African perspective - Preez, R. R. Du; Pickworth, Glynis Ellen; Rooyen, Marietjie Van (Medical Teacher, 2007)
Incorporating the teaching and assessment of professionalism in an undergraduate medical curriculum is a challenging process. There are two components that require attention: the cognitive and the experiential. This article outlines how the School of Medicine at the University of Pretoria (UP), South Africa is addressing the teaching and assessment of professionalism.To embed teaching and assessment of professionalism in a revised six-year undergraduate medical curriculum.This is a descriptive paper of a curriculum process that has stretched over a number of years. The eight principles regarding teaching professionalism provided by Cruess & Cruess (2006) are used to reflect on the current strengths and weaknesses of teaching and assessing professionalism in the UP undergraduate medical curriculum. The cognitive component of the curriculum has been addressed by introducing a series of stage appropriate, contextualized assignments in each year of the curriculum. Faculty committee structures supported the development and implementation of this component. Students' responses to an assignment on the influence of role models provided insight into how the experiential component impacts on their professional development.The teaching and assessment of the cognitive component were relatively easy to put in place. The challenge is to maintain this component. The experiential component appears to be much the same as it was prior to revision.Our way forward is to expand the teaching and assessment of professionalism in the experiential component. We want to facilitate faculty to develop a charter on professionalism. The principles and commitments of the charter will underlie a white coat ceremony for undergraduates. These principles will also provide guidelines for role models in their supervision of experiential learning and can inform criteria for assessment. An assessment strategy to assess professionalism in the experiential component needs to be developed and implemented.
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching Democracy BeforeBrown: Civic Education in Georgia's African American Schools, 1930–1954 - Preston–Grimes, Patrice (Theory and Research in Social Education, 2007)
Abstract Research on the history of civic education in United States has rarely reflected the perspectives of African American teachers and students. Through analysis of archival data, I document how African American educators in one Southern state reported teaching civic values to students in a racially segregated society before the modern Civil Rights era. These efforts occurred in spite of the inherent contradiction of teaching citizenship beliefs and practices in a society that denied African Americans their constitutional rights. In this empirical study, I explain the ways in which Georgia's African American educators crafted new curricula for their segregated public schools that included the study of African American life and culture, and describe how some African American students participated in specific social studies and civic–related classroom activities. In the process, civic education in Georgia's schools before 1954 may have shaped African American students' perspectives of agency, democracy, and equality.
Keywords: openalex:import

Perception of educational experiences by at-risk African-American students in an undergraduate teacher education program - Pride-McRae, Sharman (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Operating room nursing science learning programmes in South Africa - Prince, Jacqueline Yvonne (2007)
Operating room nurses form the corner-stone of the operating room because perioperative care of the patient rests mainly in the hands of the nursing personnel. Unique challenges face nurses functioning in the stressful surgical environment where anticipation to prevent or cope with life-threatening situations is the order of the day. The operating room nurse must be knowledgeable, skilled and alert, as he/she is held accountable for all acts of commission and omission. To ensure that nurses are appropriately educated and trained and able to keep trend with the changing technology in the operating room, it is essential that learning programmes meet the minimum standards for registration as prescribed by the South African Nursing Council. Reviewing and evaluating learning programmes on a regular basis by specialist nursing educationists, are therefore essential to ensure that the standards of education and training are maintained and upgraded if required. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the various Operating Room Nursing Science Learning Programmes offered at accredited Higher Education Institutions, utilized for the education and training of the operating room nursing students in South Africa. The proposed research is based on a qualitative paradigm and the theoretical grounding is found in Bergman’s model for professional accountability (Bergman, 1982:8). A document analysis of five approved comprehensive Operating Room Nursing Science Learning Programmes from higher education institutions in South Africa (nursing colleges and universities) was carried out, together with a sixth programme, the Operating Theatre Learning Programme, as suggested by the Standard Generating Body. Requests for permission were forwarded to the management of the selected colleges or universities for inclusion of the respective programmes in the study. The researcher formulated and utilized thirty-four essential criteria derived from three documents, the first being a document entitled “Proposed Standards for Nursing and Midwifery Qualifications” submitted to the SANC and SAQA by the SGB for Nursing and Midwifery (2001-2004). The second document entitled the Public and Private Higher Education Institutions format template for criteria for the Generation and Evaluation of Qualifications and Standards within the National Qualifications Framework was also utilized (SAQA, 1430/00) and thirdly the researcher included the most relevant criteria from the list of criteria for curriculum development as indicated by the South African Nursing Council. Various tables were compiled, to reflect the findings of the document analysis according to the thirty-three criteria indicated above, to provide a clear and broad overview of the specific data in the respective six Operating Room Nursing Science Learning Programmes utilized in the study. In conclusion recommendations for a broad macro-curriculum were made to facilitate formulation of programmes in Operating Room Nursing Science relevant to the South African context.
Keywords: openalex:import

The HIV/AIDS prevention project for vulnerable youth in northern Nigeria: Community advocates training manual - Projects, Information; Trust, Islamic Education (2007)
This Community Advocates training manual contains a curriculum developed by the Population Council, Nigeria, under the HIV Prevention Project for Vulnerable Youth in Northern Nigeria funded by USAID/Nigeria. The curriculum was developed as a tool for training community advocates in conducting advocacy activities on the issues of early marriage, HIV/AIDS, and reproductive health. The curriculum aims to improve knowledge and strengthen the skills of community representatives from the northern region of Nigeria so they can openly discuss sensitive issues relating to HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, and marriage. Designed to be adapted or implemented as written, the curriculum is based on the needs of the facilitators and trainees. This training manual is intended as a resource for the project communities as well as other partners/organizations interested in mobilizing and engaging community representatives in advocacy efforts on HIV/AIDS and reproductive health issues.
Keywords: openalex:import

Water Pollution by Industries in Lesotho - Pullanikatil, Deepa (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Severe convective storm risk in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa - Pyle, Desmond Mark (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Substance Use Among University Students in the Gaza Strip - Qamar, K bu; Thabet, Abdel Aziz Mousa; Vostanis, Panos (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

FROM LITTLE ROCK CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL TO LAERSKOOL POTGITERSRUS: EDUCATION AND RACIAL CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA. - Racial, Cambio (2007)
In both South Africa and the United States South, education stands and has stood historically as a vital cultural and economic center for its people. In both cases school integration has proved to be profoundly contentious. Certainly much of the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. was centered on integrating schools from the elementary school playground to the university campus. An interesting and important parallel between South Africa’s segregationists and those in America also emerged in the Potgietersrus conflict: the push for private, segregated schools.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of 1950s Banning of Some South African Writers on Teaching African Literature Today - Rafapa, Lesibana (2007)
The article sprung from my doctoral research with the English department of the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa.
Keywords: openalex:import

Music -based radio and youth education in South Africa. - Rahfaldt, Michal J. (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The status of technical/technology education in the Ethekwini district in South Africa. - Ramdutt, N.K. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

What are the factors that militate against or facilitate parental involvement in school governance? A comparative case study of two public primary schools in the northern suburbs of PIetermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. - Ramisur, Praversh. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Analysing the response of a teacher training institution to HIV and AIDS: a case study from Zambia. - Ramos, L. Merino (2007)
This study sought to examine the extent to which a teacher training institution in Zambia was able to address the problem of HIV and AIDS. The report contributes to existing knowledge in the field by using a qualitative in-depth case study approach of a single teacher training college located in a high prevalence province of Zambia. It offers insight into the response through an examination of current policy and practice at both the ministerial and institutional level. The research identifies the impact of HIV and AIDS on staff and students in the college and the existence of institutional policies, structures, teaching programmes and strategies for addressing HIV and AIDS. It describes barriers to effective teaching on HIV and AIDS and the causes for weaknesses in the overall response. The study found that while attempts were made to establish structures and integrate HIV and AIDS into the current teaching programmes, the response needs much strengthening and improvement. Issues such as lecturer-student sexual relationships, peer pressure, lack of teaching materials, selective teaching practices and discomfort with the subject and lack of policies were all identified as major barriers to adequately address the epidemic and equip future teachers with the skills, attitudes and knowledge for effective teaching on HIV and AIDS. The research concludes that the teacher training college is being only partially responsive to the future needs of teachers and needs much more support from the Ministry of Education and other partners.
Keywords: openalex:import

Mannar Volcanics - Implications for Madagascar Breakup - Rana, M. S.; Chakraborty, Chandan; Sharma, Rajesh (2007)
Summary Mannar sub basin of Cauvery basin is the southern- most of the Mesozoic rift basins existing along eastern continental margin of India and lies between Indian coast and Sri Lanka. The volcanic activities within Turonian sediments so typical of Gulf of Mannar are seen in almost all the drilled wells but have not been reported from any of the other sub basins of Cauvery basin. This is also reported in Pearl-1 well of Mannar sub basin in Sri Lankan offshore. Taking clue from the pattern of reflectors corresponding to intrusions, seismic study has been extended to the deeper part of Gulf of Mannar and also in its western part (towards Comorin ridge side) and observed the spread of this igneous activity which covers quite a large area. Recent dating through 40 Ar- 39 Ar studies carried out on one core sample of drilled well GM-E-A is around 89.1+0.65 Ma (Rathore et al., 2007). This age of the intrusive matches excellently with radiometric age for the Madagascar flood basalt province, the felsic volcanics of St Mary’s Island (SMI), two late Cretaceous mafic dykes around Huliyardurga, Karnataka and two regional dykes from Kerala region of South-western India. Together, therefore, the volcanic activities around these places may be associated with the break up of Greater India (India plus Seychelles) and Madagascar, envisaged to have occurred in Upper Cretaceous at  88Ma.
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender Equality in Education in Rwanda: What is happening to our Girls? - Randell, Shirley (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

A survey of the perceptions of the senior students on the achievement of the Jesuit educational ideals in two Jesuit secondary schools in Madagascar - Randrianaivo, Jean de Dieu (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationship between training and employee performance in organizations in Kenya - Rapando, Mediatrix M. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

CHALLENGES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION IN ERITREA IN THE POST-INDEPENDENT PERIOD TO THE PRESENT- A CASE OF ASMARA UNIVERSITY - Rena, Ravinder (Market Forces, 2007)
Eritrean higher education faced numerous challenges over many years. It was particularly suffered during the colonial periods. Eritrea exerted its efforts to develop its dilapidated educational system with the advent of its independence. Eritrea celebrated its sixteenth birthday recently. However, the educational challenges in higher education still remain high. The government of Eritrea established different colleges in different administrative regions. The University of Asmara is the only university in the country that had to be revitalized after its devastation by the 30-year war of independence. Since independence, the University has been able to contribute to the nation’s skill manpower considerably. This paper examines higher education of Eritrea for about 60 years period. It delves the University of Asmara and its birth, development and apogee. The paper also gives some insights on recent educational development in Eritrea.
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges for higher education in eritrea in the post-independent period to the present – a case of asmara university - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Eritrean higher education faced numerous challenges over many years. It was particularly suffered during the colonial periods. Eritrea exerted its efforts to develop its dilapidated educational system with the advent of its independence. Eritrea celebrated its sixteenth birthday recently. However, the educational challenges in higher education still remain high. The government of Eritrea established different colleges in different administrative regions. The University of Asmara is the only university in the country that had to be revitalized after its devastation by the 30-year war of independence. Since independence, the University has been able to contribute to the nation’s skill manpower considerably. This paper examines higher education of Eritrea for about 60 years period. It delves the University of Asmara and its birth, development and apogee. The paper also gives some insights on recent educational development in Eritrea.
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges in Introducing Distance Education Programme in Eritrea: Some Observations and Implications - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea is a newly independent country in Africa is been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It did not have more educational institutions at tertiary level. Thus the distance learning is the best option for this country. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss various problems related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes so far undertaken in the country with concluding remarks.
Keywords: openalex:import

Distance Education and its Potential for the Red Sea Nation, Eritrea: A Discourse - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea, a newly independent country in Africa has been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It does not have sufficient educational institutions at tertiary level, thus, distance learning which is more cost effective, could be an alternative method of higher education for this country. The distance education programme could promote higher education by providing access to large number of urban people and disadvantaged groups in rural and remote areas including working people, fighters, women and other adults. An attempt has been made in this paper to discuss various issues related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes that so far undertaken in Eritrea and highlights the potential for the distance education in the country.
Keywords: openalex:import

DISTANCE EDUCATION AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR THE RED SEA NATION ERITREA: A DISCOURSE - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea, a newly independent country in Africa has been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It does not have sufficient educational institutions at tertiary level, thus, distance learning which is more cost effective, could be an alternative method of higher education for this country. The distance education programme could promote higher education by providing access to large number of urban people and disadvantaged groups in rural and remote areas including working people, fighters, women and other adults. An attempt has been made in this paper to discuss various issues related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes that so far undertaken in Eritrea and highlights the potential for the distance education in the country.
Keywords: openalex:import

Distance Education And Its Potential For The Red Sea Nation Eritrea: A Discourse - Rena, Ravinder (MPRA Paper, 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea, a newly independent country in Africa has been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It does not have sufficient educational institutions at tertiary level, thus, distance learning which is more cost effective, could be an alternative method of higher education for this country. The distance education programme could promote higher education by providing access to large number of urban people and disadvantaged groups in rural and remote areas including working people, fighters, women and other adults. An attempt has been made in this paper to discuss various issues related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes that so far undertaken in Eritrea and highlights the potential for the distance education in the country.
Keywords: openalex:import

FINANCING EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ERITREA – SOME IMPLICATIONS - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
Education has long been recognized as a central element in development. The human capital formation is receiving increased attention from policy makers and scholars in different parts of the world particularly in developing countries. Eritrea is a newly born nation in Africa and is striving hard to develop its higher education. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the sources of finance, the strategies and challenges for higher educational development in the country. Furthermore, the paper also delves the development of higher education in the country since independence. The paper provides some implications for the for the policy purpose to develop higher education so as to curb the use of expatriate manpower in different sectors of the economy.
Keywords: openalex:import

FINANCING EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ERITREA – SOME IMPLICATIONS - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Education has long been recognized as a central element in development. The human capital formation is receiving increased attention from policy makers and scholars in different parts of the world particularly in developing countries. Eritrea is a newly born nation in Africa and is striving hard to develop its higher education. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the sources of finance, the strategies and challenges for higher educational development in the country. Furthermore, the paper also delves the development of higher education in the country since independence. The paper provides some implications for the for the policy purpose to develop higher education so as to curb the use of expatriate manpower in different sectors of the economy.
Keywords: openalex:import

Financing Education And Development In Eritrea – Some Implications - Rena, Ravinder (MPRA Paper, 2007)
Education has long been recognized as a central element in development. The human capital formation is receiving increased attention from policy makers and scholars in different parts of the world particularly in developing countries. Eritrea is a newly born nation in Africa and is striving hard to develop its higher education. An attempt is made in this paper to analyze the sources of finance, the strategies and challenges for higher educational development in the country. Furthermore, the paper also delves the development of higher education in the country since independence. The paper provides some implications for the for the policy purpose to develop higher education so as to curb the use of expatriate manpower in different sectors of the economy.
Keywords: openalex:import

Higher Education Trends in Eritrea - Rena, Ravinder (MPRA Paper, 2007)
Higher education has been viewed as a potential instrument of national economic development. Human resource development in Eritrea is important for making the nation self-reliant thus the efforts are exerted to achieve this objective. However, Eritrea has been facing so many challenges in its way to develop its own human resources. The objective of this paper is to delve the current changes in higher education in the country. An attempt is made to highlight what may be termed as tentative issues and lessons emerging from Eritrean higher education. By way of a summing up, some random thoughts are set out to provoke analysis and debate on the subject.
Keywords: openalex:import

THE IMPACT OF HIV/ AIDS ON POVERTY AND EDUCATION IN AFRICA - Rena, Ravinder (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This article deals with the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on poverty and education in Africa. It considers the scale and scope of the pandemic and its anticipated impact on education systems in heavily infected sub-Saharan African countries. It looks for lessons derived from twenty years of coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The paper concludes by suggesting how the education sector can improve its management response to the pandemic in order to protect education provision and quality, and to mitigate the distress of increasing numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC).
Keywords: openalex:import

THE IMPACT OF HIV/ AIDS ON POVERTY AND EDUCATION IN AFRICA - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
This article deals with the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on poverty and education in Africa. It considers the scale and scope of the pandemic and its anticipated impact on education systems in heavily infected sub-Saharan African countries. It looks for lessons derived from twenty years of coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The paper concludes by suggesting how the education sector can improve its management response to the pandemic in order to protect education provision and quality, and to mitigate the distress of increasing numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC).
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact Of Hiv/ Aids On Poverty And Education In Africa - Rena, Ravinder (MPRA Paper, 2007)
This article deals with the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on poverty and education in Africa. It considers the scale and scope of the pandemic and its anticipated impact on education systems in heavily infected sub-Saharan African countries. It looks for lessons derived from twenty years of coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The paper concludes by suggesting how the education sector can improve its management response to the pandemic in order to protect education provision and quality, and to mitigate the distress of increasing numbers of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC).
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenging Inequality – Anti-Bias Education in South Africa - Richard, Vanita Secslawati (2007)
Der Band stellt die Frage nach den gewalteindämmenden oder gewaltfördernden Potenzialen von Gerechtigkeit, Demokratie und Frieden. Friedens- und Konfliktforscher sind in der Regel normativ auf diese Leitbegriffe hin orientiert, erwarten sie sich doch von der Durchsetzung dieser Konzepte eine beträchtliche Eindämmung oder effektive Einhegung von Gewalt. Dies ist zumindest in theoretischer Hinsicht auch unstreitig. Zieht man allerdings die realpolitische Seite mit in Betracht, dann offenbaren sich auch die in den Konzeptionen steckenden Schwierigkeiten und Ambivalenzen: Über die „richtige“ Lesart von Gerechtigkeit, Demokratie und Frieden wird bekanntlich heftig gestritten. Die unterschiedlichen Auffassungen hierzu produzieren wiederum Konflikte beträchtlichen Ausmaßes. Nicht zuletzt dienen Gerechtigkeit und Demokratie heute vielerorts dazu, Frieden auch gewaltsam durchzusetzen.
Keywords: openalex:import

Increasing access to free primary education in Kenya for children in especially difficult circumstances - Riechi, Andrew; Rasugu, Grace Kwamboka (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The teacher state: Remaking the nation amidst political instability and policy change in Eritrean secondary schools - Riggan, Jennifer (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

An Examination Of Time Use Patterns Influence On Academic Achievement Among African American And Hispanic Male High School Stude - Riley, Keith D. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Exploring social identities in the South African landscape : a study of young, white, South African student teachers. - Rimensberger, Nicole (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and Learning in Ghana - Riordan, Tanya (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Website of Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile Region (RiPPLE) - RiPPLE (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

In-service teacher training : a case study of primary school's untrained teachers in Northern Ghana - Riske, Amanda K. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Moving from sustainable management to sustainable governance of natural resources: The role of social learning processes in rural India, Bolivia and Mali - Rist, Stephan; Chidambaranathan, Mani; Escobar, Cesar; Wiesmann, Urs; Zimmermann, Anne (Journal of Rural Studies, 2007)
The present paper discusses a conceptual, methodological and practical framework within which the limitations of the conventional notion of natural resource management (NRM) can be overcome. NRM is understood as the application of scientific ecological knowledge to resource management. By including a consideration of the normative imperatives that arise from scientific ecological knowledge and submitting them to public scrutiny, ‘sustainable management of natural resources’ can be recontextualised as ‘sustainable governance of natural resources’. This in turn makes it possible to place the politically neutralising discourse of ‘management’ in a space for wider societal debate, in which the different actors involved can deliberate and negotiate the norms, rules and power relations related to natural resource use and sustainable development. The transformation of sustainable management into sustainable governance of natural resources can be conceptualised as a social learning process involving scientists, experts, politicians and local actors, and their corresponding scientific and non-scientific knowledges. The social learning process is the result of what Habermas has described as ‘communicative action’, in contrast to ‘strategic action’. Sustainable governance of natural resources thus requires a new space for communicative action aiming at shared, intersubjectively validated definitions of actual situations and the goals and means required for transforming current norms, rules and power relations in order to achieve sustainable development. Case studies from rural India, Bolivia and Mali explore the potentials and limitations for broadening communicative action through an intensification of social learning processes at the interface of local and external knowledge. Key factors that enable or hinder the transformation of sustainable management into sustainable governance of natural resources through social learning processes and communicative action are discussed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Empowering the Poor? Civic Education and Local Level Participation in Rural Tanzania and Zambia - Riutta, Satu (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher preparation for diversity at three South African universities - Robinson, Denise; Zinn, Maureen (Journal of Education, 2007)
This article reports on a study into how lecturers at three universities offering pre-service teacher education in the Western Cape are preparing future primary school teachers for diversity in classrooms and schools. The study is located within a social justice orientation to education, where teacher preparation aims to reduce barriers to learning experienced by learners from a variety of social settings. It descriptionbes how these teacher educators are responding and/or contributing to this challenge. The findings highlight the demographics of the lecturers and student teachers in the cohort, as well as lecturersi?½ orientation to the topic and their specific classroom interventions. The article concludes by arguing for greater coherence in this work and for recognition of the systemic issues impacting on teacher preparation for diversity.
Keywords: openalex:import

Social integration between African American and European American children in majority black, majority white, and multicultural elementary classrooms - Rodkin, Philip C.; Wilson, Travis; Ahn, Hai-Jeong (New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2007)
How are African American and European American children getting along in integrated elementary schools? The authors find substantial integration in majority black and multicultural classrooms, but ethnic segregation and cross-ethnic antipathies are more common in majority white classrooms.
Keywords: openalex:import

School cultural features and practices that influence inclusive education in Papua New Guinea: A consideration of schools in Southern Highlands Province. - Rombo, John L. (2007)
Inclusive education is a recent phenomenon in the education system in Papua New Guinea. It is about giving equal educational opportunities to all children, whether with disabilities or not in the regular school or classroom. Schools are considered as social institutions that should endeavour to enhance all children’s lives through appropriate teaching and learning practices. However, the school culture, which is generally defined as ‘how things are done here’ is vital for the promotion of inclusive practices. The main aim of this study was to identify the school cultural features and practices that influenced or did not influence inclusive education, and the impact on inclusion. Teachers and school administrators appeared to play a vital role in enhancing inclusive practices through their practices. The study was based on an interpretive/naturalistic research paradigm, the qualitative research approach and the case study methodology. Four schools were studied and categorised as rural and urban settings. The main purpose of categorisation was to identify some similarities and differences in terms of how inclusion was promoted in these schools. Teachers and school administrators were chosen as the main participants. The primary source of data collection was semi-structured interviews. Interview questions were developed for both teachers and school administrators respectively. A non-participant observation method was used as a support instrument to collect more data from selected research participants based on the preliminary interview data. The results suggested the existence of four broad school cultural features and practices. These included staff understanding of special and inclusive education concepts, leadership and organisation, school cultural features/practices and implications for staff, and policies. Teachers and school administrators appeared to have limited knowledge and understanding about what constitutes special and inclusive education practices. However, the school leadership, collaboration and inspection practices minimally
Keywords: openalex:import

Critical issues in African indigenous education as practiced among Kipsigis pre-colonial society of Kenya - Ronoh, Thomas Kipkorir; Micheni, Stephen Linus; Ogola, Fredrick Onyango (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Info at the push of a telephone button for southern Africa : health and disabilities - Rooyen, Biffy Van (CSIR Science Scope, 2007)
Access to reliable information as part of service delivery is vital to economic development and social well-being. Two projects by the Meraka Institute's human language technologies (HLT) research group - one in Botswana and one in South Africa - are fast-tracking the delivery of service information through novel information and communications technology (ICT) interventions. The Meraka Institute is a national research centre managed by the CSIR.
Keywords: openalex:import

487 BRAIN DRAIN: THE NEXT GENERATION? PERCEPTIONS OF UGANDAN MEDICAL STUDENTS. - Ropers, S.; Nguyen, Lisa (2007)
Background Emigration of African doctors to Western countries has left African countries with inadequate coverage and the unsatisfying situation of educating doctors but losing them soon after their graduation. Gaining a better understanding of the perceptions that medical students have toward emigration will help address its causes and possibly limit the loss of health care personnel. We hypothesized that medical students at Makerere University develop a more favorable attitude toward emigration in the course of their medical training. Study Design and Methods We conducted the research at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to medical students across the 5 years of classes and collected from 258 students. Time commitment was about 15 minutes per questionnaire. Results The hypothesis could not be proven as stated. Medical students in upper years (3, 4, and 5) were not more likely to indicate a desire to work in another country than students in lower years (1 and 2). However, it was found that upper years were significantly more likely than lower years to be willing to move abroad if the financial offer was better (79.2% vs 67%, p = .031). Upper-year men were significantly more likely to express interest in moving abroad for a better financial offer than lower-year men (83.2% vs 63.5%, p = .007). Whereas 68.3% of upper years thought it was likely or very likely that they would experience occupational risk working in Uganda, only 52.6% of lower years thought so (p = .014). There was a strong correlation between interest in working in the private sector and willingness to leave the country for a better financial offer (p = .004). Students interested in working in a rural setting after their training were less likely to say that they would move to another country for a higher-paying job than students interested in urban settings. Conclusion Results suggest that to prevent further physician efflux in years to come, it will be necessary to improve the pay for doctors, to improve safety conditions in hospitals, and to start modifying the admissions process in medical school by adding personal interviews. This would allow admitting more students interested in working in rural areas and admitting fewer students interested in careers in the private sector.
Keywords: openalex:import

BRAIN DRAIN: THE NEXT GENERATION? PERCEPTIONS OF UGANDAN MEDICAL STUDENTS. - Ropers, S.; Nguyen, Lynda M. (Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Intimate partner violence in female African-American college students - Ross, Ashley O. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Overview of Research Conducted in the Area of Climate Change Migration in Africa - Rotberg, Fiona (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenging community norms: models for inclusive and equitable sexual and reproductive health services in Malawi. - Rubardt, Marcie; Klouda, T; Igras, Susan (2007)
Malawi is one of the poorest countries in central Africa with some two-thirds of the population living in poverty. Chronic food insecurity weak governance and an underdeveloped health imfrastructure exacerbate the situation and are reflected in among other things the countrys high rates of maternal and infant morality. In response the MINESRH (Models for Inclusive and Equitable Sexual and Reproductive Health Services) project is using the social-challenge process to address root causes of poverty and poor maternal and newborn health (MNH) in Malawi - specifically issues of equity social exclusion and gender. MINESRH targets 4500 people living in three areas of Malawis rural Ntchisi district a 2.5-hour drive along poor roads from the capital Lilongwe. These individuals live in a traditional patriarchal society in which men typically make reproductive health decision and sex or sexuality is not generally discussed across genders or age groups except in particular circumstances suchas initiation rites. Health services in Ntchisi are limited with medical assistants and nurses providing services at three health centers and a district hospital. This project helps community members confront the reasons why some mothers and their children receive better support and services than others and it challenges leaders institutions and the community members themselves to change the situation through reflection mobilization and action. (excerpt)
Keywords: openalex:import

Suicidal Ideation and Associated Factors Among School-Going Adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe - Rudatsikira, Emmanuel; Siziya, Seter; Muula, Adamson S (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 2007)
This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data on 1970 respondents were obtained from a cross sectional study of the Global School-based health survey. Respondents were selected using a two-stage probability sampling technique. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.6%. Males were less likely to have suicidal ideation than females (OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.54,0.91). Worrying (OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.29,2.56), feeling of loneliness (OR=2.04; 95% CI 1.43,2.90), cigarette smoking (OR=1.87; 95% CI 1.11, 3.16), and drinking alcohol (OR=1.74; 95% CI 1.17, 2.60) were associated with suicidal ideation. Public health programs designed to control cigarette smoking and alcohol use may also impact positively on suicidal ideation.
Keywords: openalex:import

The future of school hostels in Namibia - Rukoro, Manfred V. (2007)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Public Policy and Administration
Keywords: openalex:import

Little Ice Age drought in equatorial Africa: Intertropical Convergence Zone migrations and El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability - Russell, James M.; Johnson, Thomas C. (Geology, 2007)
Research Article| January 01, 2007 Little Ice Age drought in equatorial Africa: Intertropical Convergence Zone migrations and El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability J.M. Russell; J.M. Russell 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar T.C. Johnson T.C. Johnson 2Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota–Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55108, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information J.M. Russell 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA T.C. Johnson 2Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota–Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55108, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 23 Jun 2006 Revision Received: 03 Aug 2006 Accepted: 08 Aug 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2007) 35 (1): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1130/G23125A.1 Article history Received: 23 Jun 2006 Revision Received: 03 Aug 2006 Accepted: 08 Aug 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation J.M. Russell, T.C. Johnson; Little Ice Age drought in equatorial Africa: Intertropical Convergence Zone migrations and El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. Geology 2007;; 35 (1): 21–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G23125A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract High-resolution analyses of the Mg concentration in authigenic calcite in five cores from Lake Edward provide a water balance history of central equatorial Africa spanning the past 1400 yr. A high ratio of Mg to Ca (%Mg) indicates strong droughts in central Africa during the Little Ice Age (A.D. 1400–1750), in contrast to records from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, which suggest a wet Little Ice Age. This spatial pattern in Africa likely arose due to coupled changes in the high latitudes, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. Our results further suggest that the patterns and variability of twentieth-century rainfall in central Africa have been unusually conducive to human welfare in the context of the past 1400 yr. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Keywords: openalex:import

Partnership with schools in the preparation and development of teachers in Kenya: the case of the School of Education at Moi University - Rutto-Korir, Rose; Mugondo, S.M.; Simwa, Kefa Lidundu (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT EDUCATION PROGRAMMES IN SOUTH AFRICA - ADDRESSING THE GAP - Rwelamila, Pantaleo Mutajwaa Daniel (2007)
In South Africa, like in most other countries, people become construction project managers by accident. The usual path to become a project manager is through expertise in a technical speciality - civil engineering, quantity surveying, architecture, water engineering, construction management and other related disciplines. From time immemorial those with these technical skills are told to run construction projects (as project managers under numerous titles) that are using them. However, the technical part of a construction project is often the smallest and easiest part. Technical success does not necessarily lead to construction project success; it is necessary but not sufficient. Most projects are mismanaged and mismanagement has been accepted as a norm. This sorry state of the South African construction industry (SACI) has created demand for training in construction project management (CPM). Various higher learning institutions - specifically the traditional universities (TU) and universities of technology (UT) - herein referred to as higher learning institutions and other private institutions, have responded by providing training in construction project management in order to address the 'accidental construction project management syndrome'. But taking a closer look at various programmes in construction project management, one is confronted with programmes which are falling short of what is required/expected - programmes characterized by a significant gap in what is taught. There are strong indications to suggest that those leading these programmes are not aware of what is required and in most situations are misled by various prominent project management knowledge bases, which seem to provide partial project management knowledge frameworks. This paper takes a turbulent journey of using three randomly selected construction project management (CPM) programmes from three higher learning institutions in South Africa to identify the knowledge base gap. Using the project success bridge as a basis of arguing for a fully fledged construction project management (CPM) programme, the paper takes a critical analysis of what is considered as authoritative project management knowledge base and identifies the missing salient parts. Furthermore, based on the analysis, an appropriate construction project management (CPM) programme framework is recommended.
Keywords: openalex:import

Past environmental and climate changes in northern Tanzania : Vegetation and lake level variability in Empakaai Crater - Ryner, Maria (2007)
This thesis presents palaeoenvironmental data from equatorial Africa covering two important time intervals; i) the warming period forming the Pleistocene/Holocene transition and ii) the last millen ...
Keywords: openalex:import

Language Policy for Education and Development in Tanzania - Sa, Eleuthera (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

'Keeping Up Appearances': Sex and Religion amongst University Students in Uganda - Sadgrove, Joanna (Journal of Religion in Africa, 2007)
Abstract Students of Uganda's Makerere University currently find themselves in the middle of an emerging clash of sexual ideologies, perpetuated by different peer groups. Transactional sex is one of the most evident social dynamics around the campus. For most women, particularly those from poorer backgrounds, having sex with often older, wealthier men is the quickest and easiest way to secure the material goods and lifestyles exemplified by their wealthier peers. This dynamic, known as 'detoothing', whereby a woman will analogously extract a man's teeth one by one until he is left with nothing, appears the most salient determinant of sexual behaviour amongst university students. This paper aims to examine how the increasingly popular theologies and social structures of Pentecostalism are creating new 'born-again' peer groups with their own standards for social and sexual behaviour. The promotion of sexual abstinence and an anti-materialist rhetoric challenge the central tenets of the prevailing sexual patterns amongst students. However the impact of the born-again discourse on actual sexual behaviour is complicated by broader socio-economic dynamics that influence the ways in which theologies are received and acted upon by church members.
Keywords: openalex:import

Inequality and Poverty in Africa in an Era of Globalization: Looking Beyond Income to Health and Education - Sahn, David E.; Younger, Stephen D. (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
This paper describes changes over the past 15-20 years in non-income measures of wellbeing education and health – in Africa. We expected to find, as we did in Latin America, that progress in the provision of public services and the focus of public spending in the social sector would contribute to declining poverty and inequality in health and education, even in an environment of stagnant or worsening levels of income poverty. Unfortunately, our results indicate that in the area of health, little progress is being made in terms of reducing pre-school age stunting, a clear manifestation of poor overall health. Likewise, our health inequality measure showed that while there were a few instances of reduced inequality along this dimension, there was, on balance, little evidence of success in improving equality of outcomes. Similar results were found in our examination of underweight women as an indicator of general current health status of adults. With regard to education, the story is somewhat more positive. However, the overall picture gives little cause for complacency or optimism that Africa has, or will soon reap the potential benefits of the process of globalization.
Keywords: openalex:import

University interventions in improving the teaching of science and mathematics in community day secondary schools in Malawi: assessment of the impact - Saiti, Alice (2007)
Alice Saiti’s paper assesses the impact of university interventions in improving the teaching of science and mathematics in community day secondary schools in Malawi where the shortage of qualified teachers is a major problem. The majority of science teachers have only a primary school teaching qualification and an academic qualification equivalent to the O-Level. It is against this background that the Faculty of Education at Mzuzu University undertook an intervention, the Secondary School Teacher Improvement Programme (SSTIP), to provide the teachers with content and training in pedagogy in a bid to improve their performance. The Intervention Process included a needs assessment to determine the areas in which the teachers required the most help, and the development of a curriculum for the programme that included science and mathematics content at a level slightly higher than the level that the teachers themselves taught, methodology courses, an emphasis on cooperative learning, and the use of continuous assessment to evaluate a large number of capabilities, skills and areas of the content. The conclusions from the study suggest that universities have expertise that could be used to improve science and mathematics teacher performance, even where the teachers cannot be accepted into conventional classes. In cases where teachers’ content knowledge of the subjects is poor and the method of teaching very traditionally authoritarian, a short spell of exposure to a higher level of thinking with hands-on experience of progressive teaching methods can have a dramatic effect. By improving the knowledge and pedagogic skills of a few very weak teachers in many schools, pupils in a wide area benefit from teachers with a broader understanding of their subject and improved ability to inspire learners.
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationships of Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy to Work Attitudes Among Secondary School Teachers in Southwestern Nigeria. - Salami, Samuel O. (Essays in Education, 2007)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy to work attitudes of secondary school teachers in southwestern Nigeria. The sample consists of 475 secondary school teachers (males = 230, females = 245) randomly selected from southwestern Nigeria. Measures of demographic data form, career commitment, organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and work-family conflict were administered to the teachers. Data collected were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results of the study indicate that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had significant relationships with work attitudes. However, age, sex and work experience had none. The implications of the findings for selection, training, counselling and retention of teachers were discussed. It was recommended that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of the teachers should be enhanced to improve their work attitudes.
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationships of Emotional Intelligence and Self- Efficiary to Work Attitudes among Secondary School Teachers in Southwestern Nigeria - Salami, Samuel O. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS IN AMINU KANO TEACHING HOSPITAL, KANO, NIGERIA - Sale, Shehu (2007)
Objectives:: The aim of the stud y was to determine the prevalence of depression among HIV//AAIDS patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AAKTH)).. A second aim was to determine the socio - demographic,, medic al and psycho - social factors associated with depression in HIV//AAIDS patients at AKTH.. Design:: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study.. Setting:: Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AAKTH)),, North - western Nigeria.. Subjects:: Two hundred and fifty patients were selected using systematic sampling methods from all the patients attending the HIV//AAIDS clinic of by the Department of Internal Medicine of the hospital.. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months (MMay - October)) in 2006.. Methods:: The socio - demog raphic data was collected using a structured pretested questionnaire . Thereafter,, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HHAD)) questionnaire was administered to the responden t s to screen for depression.. Those who scored 8 and above on the HAD scale were as sessed for depression using Composite International Diagnostic Interview((CCIDI))..SSe verity of the depression of was rated into mild,, moderate and severe using CIDI and Hamilton Dpression Ra ting scale (HHDRS)).. Results:: The prevalence of depression among HIV//AAI DS patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano was 35%%.. Using the CIDI further categorized the patients into mild depression 60.9((770%%)),, moderate depression 25.23((229%%)) and severe depression 0.87((11%%)).. More patients with depression had a past history of psyc hiatric illness compared to those without depression (pp==00.04)).. Perception of the illness and feelings of stigma showed significant difference in depressed and non - depressed subjects (pp =00.00,, p==00.00 respectively)).. The proportion of patients with job problems significantly differed in the two group studied (pp==00.00)).. There were more sexual and educational problems in HIV//AAIDS patients with depression compared to those without depression (pp =00.00,, p==00.00 respectively)).. Problem with the opposite sex (rregression co - efficient = 2.1787)) and patients’’ perception of illness (rregression co - efficient = 3.2517)) were found to be significant predictors of depression.. The mean CD4 counts at diagnosis and a t present were significantly lower in HIV//AAIDS patients with depression compared to the non - depressed HIV//AAIDS patients (pp==00.00,, p==00.01 respectively)).. Only 6((66.9%%)) of the 87 depressed patients were identified as having depression by the attending physician s at the HIV//AAIDS clinic.. Conclusion:: The prevalence of depression among HIV//AAIDS patients in AKTH was 35%%,, majority of who were unidentified and untreated by attending physicians .
Keywords: openalex:import

Geo-information Technology and Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing the Tectonic and Earthquakes Data: a Case Study for Syrian Active Fault Zones - Saleh, H.M. Saleh H.M.; Rukieh, M. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Early Warning Decision Support System based Geo-information Technology & Spatial Planning for Earthquakes Reduction and Assessment in Syria - Saleh, Hussain Aziz; Allaert, Georges (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Grand Endeavors and Economic Realities: System-Wide Structural Changes to Ugandan Higher Education in the Face of Private Expansion - Salerno, C.S.; Beverwijk, J.M.R. (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2007)
Uganda’s higher education system has undergone a number of dramatic changes in recent years as part of a three-pronged effort to accommodate rapidly-expanding enrolments, improve the system’s economic efficiency and provide education opportunities that are better matched to the nation’s labour market needs. This paper examines these key developments in light of the country’s rapidly-expanding private higher education market. The economic rationale for government regulation of private providers is discussed along with a cost/benefit analysis of three key private higher education related issues that we believe will need to be addressed in the coming years. At the end, we consider how applicable the Ugandan case is to the broader debate and policies associated with private expansion in other developing systems.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education for all in Africa: Still a distant dream - Samoff, Joel; Carrol, Bidemi (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education Exclusion and Inclusion: Policy and Implementation in South Africa and India. Researching the Issues 72 - Samuel, Michael; Sayed, Yusuf; Subrahmanian, Ramya; Soudien, Crain; Carrim, Nazir; Balgopalan, Sarada; Nekhwevha, Fhulu (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Promoting non-formal education in Swaziland: any role for the University of Swaziland? - Samukelo, Walter; Sukati, C.W.S. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Student perceptions of classroom discussions in an African American institution of higher learning - Sandidge, Oneal C. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Integrating Dual- Disciplinary Learning in a Cross-Cultural Setting: Reflections on Field Education in South Africa - Sanford, Emily (Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping (Click on Current or Archives; Registration Optional), 2007)
In this personal narrative, a dual degree student in divinity and social work explores how her understanding of the integration of Christian ministry and social work practice were enriched by a summer field education placement in South Africa. Encounters with language barriers highlighted the importance of building relationships based upon establishing rapport and listening with empathy. The lessons from this cross-cultural experience have implications for interdisciplinary education.
Keywords: openalex:import

A three-year review of mortality patterns in the medical wards of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria - Sani, MU; Mohammed, AZ; Bapp, A; Borodo, MM (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Social returns to education in the Republic of Mauritius - Sanmukhiya, Chintamanee (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Cassava utilization training for bakers, caterers, and processors in the southsouth and southeast of Nigeria - Sanni, L.O.; Maziya-Dixon, B.; Okoruwa, Augustine; Arowosafe, B.E.; Lemchi, J.; Ogbe, F.; Ezedinma, C.; Okechukwu, R.U.; Akoroda, M. O.; Okoro, Eucharia Chidinma; Ilona, P.; Babaleye, Taye; et al. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Rethinking literacy, education and social development in Nigeria - Sarumi, Abidoye; Adepoju, Tunji A.; Ojokheta, K. O. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparing Boys and Girls Performance on Tanzanias High School Completion Examination - Sawe, Caroline; Cook, Kathleen E. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education exclusion and inclusion: Policy and implementation in South Africa and India - Sayed, Yusuf; Subrahmanian, Ramya; Soudien, Crain; Carrim, Nazir; Balgopalan, Sarada; Nekhwevha, Fhulu; Samuel, Michael (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching the Archaeology of the African Diaspora and its Consequences: Thoughts about Entangling Education - Scarlett, Timothy (African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter, 2007)
In the Spring of 2007, I scrapped my standard syllabus for my undergraduate Historical Archaeology Class. I had become increasingly dissatisfied with my course's evolution. While the content and structure were fine, and the students learned about the discipline of historical archaeology, I felt the course fell short of its educational potential. When I realized that 2007 was the 200th anniversary of the British empire's ban on the international slave trade as well as the 400th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown, I was inspired to adopt the slave trade and its consequences as my new theme.
Keywords: openalex:import

CONTEXT PREFERENCES OF TEACHERS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND SOUTH KOREA FOR MATHEMATICS IN SCHOOLS - Schalkwyk, Gregory Peter. Van (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education in the new South Africa: An obstacle to social justice? - Schlemmer, Lawrence (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Reconstruction of oceanic currents and climate change in the Transkei Basin, South African gateway - Schlüter, Philip J. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Reconstruction of oceanic currents and climate change in the Transkei Basin, South African gateway (Rekonstruktion von Ozeanströmungen und Klimaschwankungen im Transkei Becken, Südafrikanischer gateway) - Schlüter, Philip J. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Cultural Disparities of SAT Scores and the Influe nce on Higher Education Opportunities for African American and Latino Students - Scholar, Dominican (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Instructional Quality In Lesotho: A Critical Case Study Examinination Of Disparities Between National Policies And Actual Teaching In Primary Schools - Schweitzer, Mary Lu (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

"I don't think about being a black student and going through school" : an exploration into the development of academic identity in African American students - Seagraves, James M. (2007)
narrative project explored the educational experiences and academic identity of sixteen African American students as they traveled through the socially constructed context of schooling. examined how these African American students construct meaning from experiences in regards to identity development within the context of school. Review of existing research regarding African American students and achievement is numerous; nevertheless, still missing from this vast body of these studies is the voice of the African American student as it specifically relates to their schooling experiences, achievement, and identity development. grounded my approach to inquiry and research design within the narrative framework. This method of inquiry was designed because of its appropriateness in intertwining personal, lived experiences as an African American student with the theoretical and/or social constructs of academic identity and achievement that could not be investigated adequately in any other research form. These narratives are a collection of experiences that allow the participants to disclose not only themselves as individuals in the context of I but also regarding themselves in the context of we. Six themes emerged from the data that was collected from the participants: 1) the significance of high expectations in shaping academic identity; 2) the function of school diversity in developing academic identity; 3) the nurturing role of teachers influencing academic identity; 4) the development of a positive conceptual framework regarding the meaning of school as a means to mold academic identity; 5) plans for attending college as an essential element of academic identity; and 6) the influential role of supportive parents and family in the development of academic identity. The narratives from these participants support the need for positive educational experiences and healthy academic identities as essential when trying to enhance full, optimal development of our young African American students within the context of school. The knowledge and skills gained during this developmental stage is critical in that it empowers African American youth as democratic citizens. Empowerment enhances participation within democratic structures while improving beneficial opportunities through its functions.--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Keywords: openalex:import

Policy discourses about teaching excellence in a transforming South Africa - Searle, Ruth; McKenna, Sioux (2007)
Our analysis underpinning this chapter attempts to deconstruct the ways in which teaching is framed within various national policies and documents in the South African higher education arena. In looking at these texts we wanted to consider not only the ways in which teaching is positioned in the South African context but also the implications of such positioning for the classroom. Foucault (1980: 100) uses the term ‘discourse’ to describe how institutions name, define and regulate their practices such that a discourse is the place where ‘power and knowledge are joined together’. Discourses are thus very powerful in structuring both knowledge and social practices. The discourses of teaching that we refer to in this chapter are not only direct references to teaching but also the ways in which teaching practices are framed and constructed within the documents. For example, The National Plan for Higher Education (DoE, 2001), describes in detail the multiple aims of higher education but makes scant reference to the role educators should play in realizing these aims.
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors influencing adoption and non-adoption of acquired knowledge and technologies at Denman Rural Training Centre, Gaberone agricultural region, Botswana - Sebadieta, RB; Terblanché, S.E.; Ngomane, Tsakani (2007)
This paper investigates the factors that influence adoption and non-adoption of agricultural technologies presented to farmers who attended training courses at the Denman Rural Training Centre in Botswana. . A structured questionnaire was administered to 223 respondents, from these respondents 153 attended training at Denman Rural Training Centre, twenty-one respondents were never trained, thirty-three were extension agents, nine support staff, five instructors and two managers. The findings of the study show that most of the respondents (61%) are implementing the acquired technologies, while 39% are not implementing. More than half (65%) of trained respondents indicated that they were never involved in identification of the courses they attended. Eighty percent reported that courses were suggested by extension agents. Thirty-six percent of respondents indicated that training had no impact at all on their production efficiency, while 45% indicated a moderate impact on their production to ensure that the training will be effective. More than half of all extension staff (64%) reported that the status of implementation for acquired technologies is usually negative, indicating that there was less or no implementation. The most important factor revealed by the study contributing to nonadoption of technologies is lack of resources. The study concluded that extension has to address the needs and perception of trainees to ensure that the training will be effective. Keywords : Adoption, non-adoption, acquired knowledge, technologies, extension agents. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension Vol. 36 (1) 2007: pp. 124-142
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges of Rebuilding Education in Crisis: Access to Universal Primary Education in Africa - Semali, Ladislaus M. (2007)
This chapter outlines the enormity of the task of achieving universal primary education in Africa with over 40 million children currently out of school in sub-Saharan Africa. Several questions are addressed with reference to global trends and using World Bank and national enrollment data. For example: Why does Africa seem unable to secure “education for all” for school-age children? Is it simply the relative poverty levels of African countries, or are there grounds for thinking that other factors might be at work? And, what challenges do these countries face in the wake of the HIV/AIDS pandemic? This chapter also notes that some countries are at higher risk of not achieving universal primary completion and gender equality by 2015. What must politicians and policy-makers do to reverse these trends? As observed by Blair's Commission for Africa, the challenges are immense and if Africa continues on its current path then the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for halving poverty, universal primary education and the elimination of avoidable infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa will not be delivered in 2015 but instead between 100 and 150 years late. The challenge is to find short- and long- term policies and solutions to address this global policy.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education decentralization in the Omaheke Region of Namibia - Semba, Pecka (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceived Relevance of the National University of Lesotho’s Programmes: Views of Some of Former Students of the National University of Lesotho - Seotsanyana, Mampho (Lesotho Social Sciences Review, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Nutrition education for food security in Kenya through programmes in the Kenyan school curriculum - Serrem, Charlotte A.; Mbagaya, Grace M. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Africanise our education in South Africa - Sesanti, S (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Physical attributes of the public school students and community who are aged (10-12) years in the city of Mukalla (Yemen) - Shalash, Djaaz Falah; Abdullah, Iyad Mohammed (Sciences Journal Of Physical Education, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The educationally-related challenges faced by teenage mothers on returning to school: a Namibian case study - Shaningwa, Lilia Mariro (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Difficulties Facing English Department Junior and Senior Students at the Islamic University of Gaza in Learning Drama - Shaqfa, Mahmoud Dawoud (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Poverty and disease burden vs medical education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Shehu, BB; Ameh, Emmanuel A. (Annals of African Medicine, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Mapping Physical Education Student Teacher Competencies and Developmental Needs: Insights from the University of Botswana Teaching Practice Assessment Dataset 1998-2004 - Shehu, Jimoh; Mokgwathi, Martin M. (International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 2007)
In the brave new world of physical education teacher education, subjecting teaching performance scores and the professional practices associated with these scores to regular theoretical and empirical scrutiny is necessary to root out preconceptions, stimulate pedagogical innovations, and provide cogent justifications for institutional investments in teaching practicum and clinical supervision. This study examines both the instruments used at the University of Botswana (UB) to evaluate the professional behaviours and personal attributes of physical education student teachers, and how the students have performed on these clinical evaluation scales. The dataset for the study contains the observation reports on 1,776 lessons taught by about 550 physical education student teachers from 1998-2004. Although students generally achieved high thresholds on various teaching skills and abilities, the results of rank ordering of aggregate points suggest a pattern of performance in which the supervisors consistently assigned highest ratings to some competencies and lowest ratings to others. In particular, students tended to receive lowest ratings on critical dimensions of teaching. Because high quality pedagogy is essential to student outcomes, teaching method courses in the context of UB must be redesigned to enhance students` competence in lesson preparation, presentation, conclusion, evaluation and creation of supportive environment for learner engagement.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Trend of Innovation of Teacher Education System in Nigeria and Its Inspiration - Shi-zho, Lou (Comparative Education Review, 2007)
After entering into 21st century, Nigeria makes efforts to promote its primary education by issuing compulsory education law and carrying out universal education program. To this end, the government made new plan for teacher education development and implemented a series of measures to enhance specialization of teachers. It also adjusts the structure of teacher education system and reform curriculum system of teacher education, etc. This article analyses the general trend of Nigerian innovation of teacher education system at three levels. It then compares and analyzes them in combination with teacher education system reform in our country.
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of employee benefits on teacher turnover in the public secondary education system, Namibia - Shihomeka, Sandrag P. (2007)
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration in General Management
Keywords: openalex:import

The challenge of providing tertiary care for renal disease in children admitted to the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Zambia - Shilalukey-Ngoma, M.; Shakankale, G. M.; Mutiti, Anthony; Mutale, Wilbroad; Sinyinza, Frederick (Medical journal of Zambia, 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Social Justice and (Non) Support: Teacher Well-Being in Postwar Liberia - Shriberg, Janet (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Primary teachers' recontextualization of a curriculum innovation in Uganda - Sikoyo, Leah Namarome (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The contribution of higher education to national systems: the case of Zambia - Sikwibele, Anne L. (2007)
This paper explores the contribution of higher education in the national education systems.  Higher education in Zambia has a critical role to play in developing and advancing the national education system through generating and disseminating research knowledge in areas such as curriculum, teacher training, reading, financing, management, quality of teaching, gender, equity, education management, policy and planning.  The higher education sector is small but influential at other levels and in all sectors of national development and it functions as the only source of qualified professionals, managers and leaders.    Higher education has a core function of research.  However, the issue has attracted discussions in relation to the quality, relevance and utility of the research in relation to other levels of education, national development and international research agendas.  Most research is done by individual or teams of researchers and there has been little institutional engagement in funded research except at research institutes.  Higher education has not been given priority in funding because it was seen to be expensive and elitist and thus research funding has been a constraint.  Recent global thinking advocates for improved funding for higher education to enable it to contribute effectively to other levels of education.  Campaigns for increased funding for higher education are due to its perceived contribution in national development and in achieving Millennium Development Goals of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development.  Current policy in Zambia acknowledges the role of research in the operation and development of the education system.  The policy framework is in place affirming that decision making in education will be informed by research done in collaboration with higher education.
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceptions of funding higher education : a comparative study of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland - Simelane, Salebona Sicelo (2007)
Inadequate funding of higher education in sub-Saharan Africa is a perennial problem. The inadequacy of financial resources is undermining the efforts of universities to produce educated citizens to engage in productive careers. Public universities' reliance on their governments for funding when there are many competing needs for public resources calls for attention. This thesis is an exploration of perceptions of university academics and administrators and government officials of current and future strategies for funding higher education in the small Commonwealth countries: Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. A combination of human capital and social capital theories was used as a guide for the development of this study. It is a qualitative study whose data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis between March and June 2005. The data were analysed using a thematic comparative method. The findings reveal that government funding, student tuition fees, residence and meal fees and bank interest are the main sources of funding for each of the universities. The governments allocate funds to the universities in simple block grants for manpower development and for providing access to higher education. This is in a range of 54 to 68% which is significantly different from trends in sub-Saharan Africa. Each institution centrally allocates funds to its faculties and departments in accordance with prepared budgets. Budget holders in the offices of Deans of Faculty and Heads of Department control the resource spending at their levels. The universities prepare annual audited financial statements as a means of being accountable to stakeholders. The study also found that there are some innovations that are either in place or due to be implemented as future funding strategies. In each case government funding will continue, with governments planning to introduce cost-sharing with parents/students. Each university has ventured into revenue diversification or income generating activities in order to meet the shortfall in government funding. Notably, the University of Botswana and the University of Swaziland have each established a foundation to fundraise with the private sector, international organisations and alumni. Thus, social capital is built onto the universities' fundraising activities. There are challenges facing the three universities. University strategic plans are not being implemented in all three universities. All three universities cannot increase student fees at will. Government requires all parastatal organisations to declare unused funds at the end of the year in Botswana. This has implications on funding for the following year. The establishment of a second university in Botswana poses some funding uncertainties at the University of Botswana. Similarly, future funding may be negatively affected at the University of Swaziland and the National University of Lesotho because the former sometimes approaches the Chancellor for extra funding, a thing that could sour relations between the Government of Swaziland and the University. The National University of Lesotho's delay in producing and submitting audited financial statements to Government is cause for concern in Lesotho.
Keywords: openalex:import

An investigation into masculine-atypical behaviour : a study among Moi university students Western Kenya - Simiyu, Catherine (2007)
We are presented with a situation in which ‘the male identity is a fragile and tentative thing with no secure anchorage in the contemporary world’ (Brittan, 1989:3). However, empirical evidence surrounding the commonly perceived contemporary crisis of masculinity fails to support any overall crisis of masculinity thesis (Edwards, 2006:16). Instead, the different perceptions of the crisis tend to rest on at least one of the three propositions pointed out by Edwards (2006:17): Firstly; masculinity as a set of values, practices or dispositions may be suffering a crisis in so far as it is being undermined and devalued, or, moreover that masculinity per see is now to a greater or lesser degree equated with a series of negative rather than positive associations and connotations. Secondly; masculinity may be in crisis due to its perceived tendency to implore into femininity, whether through an undermining of any gender role distinctions or through feminization of some forms of masculinity as, for example, in the case of the rise of contemporary consumerist, fashion conscious or sexually uncertain masculinities such as metrosexuality. Thirdly, the crisis of masculinity may relate to the sense that masculinity in terms of the male sex role is itself ipso facto crisis-inducing. In this sense, masculinity is not in crisis, it is crisis. This study was based on the second proposition. In the patriarchal Kenyan society where gender roles are fairly traditional, and the male person perceived superior to the female and male things valued above female things, the aspect of feminization of masculinity is not just new but indeed strange. This investigation was intended to find explanations for the feminizing behaviour by males. The sex role paradigm developed in the 1970s explains acquisition of masculinity through socialization, sex role learning and social control. These mainstream theories of learning gender were explored in the assumption that they form the basis for the contemporary theories, and further, although much had changed with the times, a large part of the society still perceived gender roles from this traditional viewpoint. The masculine crisis theory and the constructionist views of gender constituted the theoretical framework of the study. This was due to the researcher’s acknowledgement that individuals were active participants in the construction of their own gender identity, and that there was likelihood for the individuals to deviate from the social expectations of what masculinity means and should be. As a result they could construct a masculinity that did not reflect normality, hence portraying a crisis. Data relating to the respondents’ perception of and reasons for feminine behaviour among young male adults was gathered from young males, young females, and both male and female parents through questionnaire and interview methods. Information about the home environment of the respondents was also necessary to help explore environmental factors that contribute to gender construction. In addition, observation was…
Keywords: openalex:import

Overview of Physical Education and School Sports in the enhancement of fitness levels of students in schools in Africa - Simiyu, Wycliffe W Njororai (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Religious education and the problem of faith commitment in Zambia - Simuchimba, Melvin (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Recruiting African American male teachers using an athletic model. Strategies for diversifying the teaching force - Singer, John N.; Mumford, Vincent E; Lewis, Cameron D (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Head teachers' and teachers' perceptions on the execution of the processes of management in secondary schools: the case of Western Province, Kenya - Sisungo, Z.W.M.; Kathuri, Nephat J. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Democratization and the remaking of teachers in South African schools - Sj, Berkhout (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Institutional and governmental challenges for journalism education in East Africa - Skjerdal, T. S.; Ngugi, C. M. (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
Journalism education and training in Eastern Africa has commonly been a result of fragmented initiatives by Western donor organisations, but there is now a growing tendency to formalise programmes in established colleges and universities. The merger of existing journalism programmes, as has happened recently in Ethiopia and Tanzania, is a notable trend. Generally, while a major challenge for journalism in East Africa is fighting institutional and government corruption, as well the regulation of journalism training, an acute challenge for journalism on the Horn of Africa is the insecure situation for journalists due to state actions against the media and consequently also journalism education, even if it is in a more subtle form.
Keywords: openalex:import

Institutional and governmental challenges for journalism education in East Africa - Skjerdal, Terje; Ngugi, Charles Muiru (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
Journalism education and training in Eastern Africa has commonly been a result of fragmented initiatives by Western donor organisations, but there is now a growing tendency to formalise programmes in established colleges and universities. The merger of existing journalism programmes, as has happened recently in Ethiopia and Tanzania, is a notable trend. Generally, while a major challenge for journalism in East Africa is fighting institutional and government corruption, as well the regulation of journalism training, an acute challenge for journalism on the Horn of Africa is the insecure situation for journalists due to state actions against the media and consequently also journalism education, even if it is in a more subtle form.
Keywords: openalex:import

Practitioner and institutional perspectives on lifelong learning at a South African university - Small, Janet (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The power of music to form identity, and the implications for education in South Africa. - Smit, M.J. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and agropastoralist settlement in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa: AD 880 to 1700 - Smith, Jeanette M.; Lee‐Thorp, Julia A.; Hall, S (South African Archaeological Bulletin, 2007)
The expansion and decline of complex socio-politicalfarming systems in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa, has been linked to large-scale climate shifts in which increased rainfall favoured intensified agropastoral production and expanded settlement, while the onset of arid conditions led to collapse and abandonment of the area. This study uses stable nitrogen isotope ratios (C5Nf4N) from modern and archaeological fauna to construct a proxy-rainfall sequencefor the regionfrom AD 880 onwards. The resulting sequence provides a revised climatic context for agropastoral settlement of the river basin and evidence of greater climatic variation than previously documented. Stable nitrogen isotope data from the bone collagen of archaeological fauna show that settlement by Zhizo agropastoralists between AD 880 and 1010 took place under semi-arid conditions, with average annual rainfall of <500 mm. Results for sites dating between AD 1010 to 1290 are consistent with previous interpretations that the Leopard's Kopje A and B cultural period 'capitals' of K2 and Mapungubwe, respectively, rose to prominence under a trend towards increased average annual rainfall that was 2500 mm. The data indicate also that the phase of increased moisture extended beyond the abandonment of Mapungubwe at AD 1290 and continued to be evident in fauna dating to the Moloko/Icon cultural period between AD 1310 and 1415. Datafrom the Moloko/Khami cultural period sites suggest that markedly drier conditions were not evident in the area until after AD 1450. Based on the isotope data, increased rainfall appears to have coincided with the expansion and intensification of settlement in the Shashe-Limpopo River Basin. Reconsideration, however, needs to be given to the correlation between the abandonment of Mapungubwe with the onset of arid conditions unfavourable for agropastoralism; other explanations, encompassing socio-economic and political choices, also must be sought.
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluating English Writing Assessment in the 10th Grade at Gaza Schools with Regards to the Contemporary Trends - Sobeh, Hosni Mohammad (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Pollution control of groundwater within an industrial zone (Skikda, Algeria) - Sofiane; Labar; Azzedine; Hani; Colin; Cunningham; Younsi, Abedelkader (2007)
Contamination of groundwater due to industrial and waste management activity is therefore of great concern. In this study the physico-chemical characteristics and the nature and extent groundwater contamination from industrial effluents was examined. Groundwater in the study area was shallow (0.8 - 7 m), found in the relatively permeable miopliocene alluviums comprised of sand and gravels. To evaluate groundwater pollution due to this industrial effluent, piezometric level and physico-chemical analyses have been monitored for eight months using 17 piezometers. The industrial effluents were sampled from a drainage channel within the industrial zone. The average results of physico-chemical analyses (Dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, PO4, TSS, Total Hydrocarbons and some metals) showed an important qualitative degradation of the groundwater, especially in the parts situated in the down gradient area and in direct proximity of the drainage channel. Key factors influencing the extent of groundwater contamination include the depth of the water table, permeability of the soil and therefore infiltration rate. In order to prevent further deterioration of groundwater quality, effluent must be transported via pipes or impervious channels for treatment prior to discharge. The treatment of water polluted with crude oil and toxic metals can be efficiently carried out by bioremediation means of a constructed wetland with a proper size and located in regions with suitable geological and hydrogeological conditions.
Keywords: openalex:import

The contradiction between the Ethiopian government rhetoric of new education policy and the reality of adaptation of earlier unsuccessful reform proposal - Solomon, Ajape Temitope (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

On Writing African History: Schools of Thought and their (Mis)Representation - Sonderegger, Arno (Journal of African Studies, 2007)
There are many different opinions on how to write African history properly. One US-American historian, J.E. Philips, recently opined his views quite dogmatically. In an article published in 2005 he compared the writing of African history in three countries – Japan, France, and the US. His comparison follows three premises: Firstly, UShistoriography of Africa is the most progressive. Secondly, Japanese history writing on Africa, in contrast, is characterized by ignorance, falsity, and bad faith. Thirdly, Philips holds responsible for this allegedly bad state of the discipline in Japan the influence of the – allegedly anti-historical – French social anthropologists Georges
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: A Research Agenda - Sørensen, Olav Jull (African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 2007)
Although Africa currently receives a limited amount of foreign investment flows compared to most other developing countries, the impact of these investments on economic growth can be greatly enhanced through the optimisation of the knowledge generated by the investors in the African economies. This paper presents a variety of modes of learning that can be used in transferring knowledge between developed country firms and their collaborative partners in Africa. It also highlights the characteristics of knowledge providers and knowledge receivers that would facilitate the transfer process. It has been observed that limited empirical investigations have been conducted in African countries to determine the manner in which the knowledge transfer process is currently organised. This paper calls for more research in the area and suggests five main propositions that can guide future research in the area.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Challenges of Teaching Oral English in a Nigerian Non-Conventional University: A Teacher’s Experience - Sotiloye, S B (2007)
Speaking is a very important skill in communication. It is the next logical step to listening in any       language acquisition process. It has been said that effective speaking is the key to success in life. In other words, an effective speaker triumphs in other communication skills. It is, however, saddening that this all-important skill has not received adequate interest and attention in the teaching of the English language from students, school authorities, and the government. The English language which is the official medium of instruction and communication in these institutions has not enjoyed much acceptance from the people. This makes it difficult for the teacher to impart the basic tools needed for effective  communications in these communities. The experience of the writer shows that the neglect of the speaking skill affects the students such that after having spent four or five years in the university, little or no impact is made on the student’s spoken English. This is worse in non-conventional universities where the students see no need for the Use of English course. The various forms of challenges the teacher of Oral English faces are the focus of this paper. Some recommendations which would help alleviate these problems are given.
Keywords: openalex:import

Caste, Class and Race: Continuities and Discontinuities across Indian and South African Schools - Soudien, Crain (South African Historical Journal, 2007)
(2007). Caste, Class and Race: Continuities and Discontinuities across Indian and South African Schools. South African Historical Journal: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 113-133.
Keywords: openalex:import

First African-American Female School Superintendent in Georgia: Reflec tions from the Field to the Forefront - Southern, Georgia; Averitt, Jack N.; Herring, Lisa Nicole (2007)
This inquiry explores the career pathway, career barriers and personal and professional experiences of Mrs. Beauty Poole Baldwin, the first, African-American female school superintendent in the state of Georgia. This study emerged from the discovery of limited research on African-American female school superintendents in the United States. I video recorded an in-depth interview with Mrs. Beauty Poole Baldwin, Georgia’s first African-American female superintendent. The purpose of this inquiry was to gain information from Mrs. Baldwin about career strategies that she used throughout her professional career, and recommendations from her, to other African-American women aspiring to become educational leaders. Mrs. Baldwin’s experiences provided several recommendations in the field of educational leadership. Issues regarding interpersonal relationships in the community and workplace, securing a mentor, educational preparedness of educators, work ethics and career decision making strategies were discovered through the in-depth interview. The relevance of the findings reported,
Keywords: openalex:import

Forum on Flexible Education: Reaching Nomadic Populations in Africa - Souza, Alba de (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Book Review: Teaching in the New South Africa at Merrydale High School by Everard Weber - Spreen, Carol Anne (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Tools for Remotely Assessing Riparian Buffers Protecting Streams from Sediment Pollution in Nzoia Basin, Kenya - Ssegane, Herbert; Tollner, E. W. (2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007, 2007)
A software package was assembled and evaluated for assessing soil erosion potential due to agricultural developments in Nzoia River basin (Kenya). Google Earth Pro was used to define site characteristics. Extensive analysis of components of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the US environmental protection agency (USEPA) sediment delivery ratio method was made to determine erosion potential and sediment yield respectively. A paired t-test comparison between GPS and Google Earth derived elevations showed difference between the elevations but the error margin was within the GPS units error margin of 5 meters. The ground truth results obtained from measured data of ten small watersheds yielded mean absolute error of 0.76 tons ha-1 yr-1 with R2 of 0.95. With regard to the field of application of the tools described in this study, the accuracy levels are acceptable. The Moore and Sergoit bridge sites located near Eldoret, Kenya were analyzed. The predicted average soil loss and sediment yield at Moores bridge site was 192 and 1.8 tons ha-1 yr-1 respectively while at Sergoit site was 5.3 and 0.05 tons ha-1 yr-1 respectively. It was deduced that Google Earth Pro is useful for initial surveys in extracting site topographic and land use patterns. The Preliminary results suggested that agricultural pollution is not a threat in this particular region but would become as more riparian zones are cleared. Also, the rainfall energy, crops grown, and soils of the region are similar to those of southeast US. Therefore, the US experience would be applicable.
Keywords: openalex:import

VEGETABLE GARDENING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND ITS IMPACT ON COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS IN UGANDA - Ssekyewa, Charles; Kudamba, C. A. L.; Mwine, Julius; Emurwon, O.; Kasekende, J. (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2007)
A pilot study of agriculture and vegetable growing in particular was conducted in 40 schools and 50 homesteads around 10 schools. Meetings were convened with district agriculture staff. Structured questionnaires were administered and interviews conducted. It was established that at least 95% for the schools and communities visited were growing vegetables and consuming them. Results showed differences among urban, per-urban and village schools. Farming knowledge availability was found to be average and not matching identified consumption levels. There were no variations in knowledge among UPE schools in respect of having been supported in vegetable gardening or not. Farmers' ideas on improvement of agriculture in schools and its impact on development were collected. Key research issues to improve during subsequent studies are reported.
Keywords: openalex:import

Funding higher education in Uganda: a case for the liberalisation of fees - Ssempebwa, Jude (2007)
Two decades after the liberalisation of higher education in Uganda, a disturbing dilemma facing educationists is that of declining levels of quality assurance despite widespread propositions associating liberalisation with quality assurance. An enormous body of literature implicates institutional and systemic under funding for this paradox. Nonetheless, a recent study involving 11 universities, the National Council for Higher Education and the Ministry of Education and Sports finds that, in fact, this has been consequent upon the management of the liberalisation of higher education. It notes that while liberalisation of higher education resulted into the expansion of student enrollment and contraction of government funding, regulation, in principle politicking, has kept public universities from charging competitive levels of fees. This is because under funding has been accepted as an alternative, after which piteous concerns, like access for the poor, have been invoked to justify uncompetitive charging as expedient. Grounded on a systemic analysis of the higher education operating environment and known opportunities for reform worldwide, this paper calls for an outright refusal of uncompetitive pricing in higher education and, subsequently, placing of overriding attention on the meeting of the rising cost of supplying quality higher education—through the subsidisation of fees and higher education institutions; institution of student loan schemes; efficient resources utilisation; and philanthropy, the dynamics of whose practicability in Uganda’s peculiar context are explored.
Keywords: openalex:import

Individual and School Structural Effects on African American High School Students' Academic Achievement - Stewart, Endya B. (The High School journal, 2007)
The research examining the correlates of academic achievement is immense. In particular, scores of studies have examined individual- and family-level variables that influence student achievement. Based upon Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological theory of human development, this study extends one step beyond previous studies and incorporates school-level characteristics into an investigation of the factors that influence adolescents' academic achievement. Using regression-based techniques that account for within-school clustering of students, this research examined the extent to which individual-level and school structural variables predict academic achievement among a sample of 10th grade African American students abstracted from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) database. The results suggest that individual-level predictors, such as student effort, parent-child discussion, and associations with positive peers, play a substantial role in increasing students' achievement. Further, the results also suggest that school climate, in particular the sense of school cohesion felt by students, teachers, and administrators, is important to successful student outcomes. Given these findings, the author suggests that an ecological approach which encompasses individual-, family-, and school-level variables be considered when examining predictors of academic achievement. Also, policy and interventions aimed at improving academic achievement need to take into consideration the impact of individual-level and school structural factors on students and their ability to succeed.
Keywords: openalex:import

'Unity in diversity' in South African education: inciting ideas from Europe - Steyn, Hennie; Alkan, Metin; Tupan, M; Oeyen, Sandra; Limburg, Katolieke Hogeschool (2007)
Summary The motto of the South African Coat of Arms is ‘Unity in Diversity’. Interest groups are of the opinion that the present situation in education constitutes the unity, ignoring the principle of diversity, and that it does not support the provision of quality education for all. The aim of this article is to present some opinions from the Netherlands and Belgium regarding the education rights of minorities in South Africa. In-depth interviews, characteristic of qualitative research, as well as a literature study were employed as methods of research. The advice may be summarised as follows: • In terms of quality education provision, the general characteristics of education should be adhered to, especially regarding the usual differentiated support according to the unique needs of all learners. • Mother-tongue education is an important prerequisite to achieve quality education. The need to acquire suitable competence in a lingua franca is emphasised. • The concepts ‘unity’ and ‘diversity’ in education should not be regarded as opposing concepts. • Do not force the issue of unity and diversity in education. • Educators and school officials committed to the principles of unity and diversity, language rights of minority groups and equality of educational opportunities should play a more prominent role in the political process of educational policy and decision making.
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning & living democracy : non-formal adult education in Sweden and South Africa - Ström, Marie-Louise (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Feasibility of Risk Financing Schemes for Climate Adaptation: The Case of Malawi - Suarez, Pablo; Linnerooth-Bayer, J.; Mechler, Reinhard (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

School Factors Associated with Student Violence in Secondary Schools in Nandi South District, Kenya - Sugut, William Kiplagat; Mugasia, Felix Amadi (2007)
This paper examines the school factors associated with violence in secondary schools based on a study of schools in Nandi South District. The paper specifically discusses the research findings on the school factors associated with violence in terms of head teacher, teacher, student, drug abuse, facilities and food factors as well as identifying the leading school factor associated with violence in secondary schools in Nandi South District. The research was descriptive in nature. The target population consisted of head teachers, teachers and Form Three students in secondary schools in Nandi South District. The study established that the presence of drugs, lack of enough facilities and food causes, students who have a negative attitude towards their schools, who do not do well in exams, who feel teachers do not understand their behaviour, receive peer influence and often resort to violence, to express their dissatisfaction; all were the major causes of violence in schools. Moreover, students who have a negative attitude towards head teachers in terms of leadership styles, communication and rules and regulations turn violent to express dissatisfaction. Students also resort to violence to react against shortage, transfer, teaching methods and emphasis on exams by teachers. It is recommended that head teachers, as chief executive officers of schools, should ensure that their schools have adequate facilities and food for smooth running of programmes.
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS and Islamic religious education in Kisumu, Kenya - Svensson, Jonas (International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 2007)
The aim of this article is to describe and critically discuss the discourse on HIV/AIDS within the framework of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in Kisumu, Kenya. It is based on data collected mainly through participant observation and interviews during five fieldwork sessions in the period 2003–2006. The context is the research project Islamic education and social development in Kisumu, Kenya, financed by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The article describes how the issue of HIV/AIDS is present in the context of IRE, mainly in secondary schools in Kisumu, an area heavily affected by the pandemic. The framework in which teachers and students address the issue is one conditioned by notions of religiously correct and incorrect sexual behaviour and gender, and by the fact that Muslims constitute a religious minority in Kisumu. The article argues that the main role of the local discourse on HIV/AIDS and Islam in the context of IRE is to strengthen notions of religious and moral superiority, and hence boost the self-esteem of the Muslim students. Furthermore, it provides support for dominant views and norms relating to Islam, gender and sexuality.
Keywords: openalex:import

’We don’t go deep’ : Educational choices among IRE-teachers in Kisumu, Kenya - Svensson, Jonas (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Indiscipline Here, Indiscipline There, Indiscipline Everywhere: The Role of Adult Education in Ensuring Discipline in Ghana - Tagoe, Michael (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The implementation of an institutional language policy in a multilingual South African higher education society - Tait, Edward (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Access of In-School Young People with Disability to Sexuality Education in Osun State, South West, Nigeria. - Taiwo, Modupe Oladunni (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Discourse Acts in Antenatal Clinic Literacy Classroom in South-Western Nigeria - Taiwo, Rotimi; Salami, Foluke (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss happened in the offspring which be produced by the female guinea pigs with special humoral(including antibodies against inner ear antigens) transmit immunity - Tan, Cheng (Journal of Nanjing Railway Medical College, 2007)
Objective To demonstrate that the congenital sensorineural hearing loss of offspring guinea pigs is mainly caused by special antibodies against inner ear tissue antigens through placenta.Methods The crude conspecific inner ear antigens(CIEAgs) were prepared and used to immunize guinea pigs which resulted in the animal models of autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss(ASNHL)(the contents of the antibodies against CIEAgs were measured with ELISA and the hearing function was tested with electrocochleography(EcochG)).Then the serum of the ASNHL animal models were taken out and in series transferred to other normal gravid geuiea pigs as passive immunity.The EcochG(including acoustic nerve compound active potential,summation potential and cochlear microphonic potentital) were recorded and analyzed within the passive immunity pregnant female guinea pigs and all of offspring guinea pigs.After hearing examination,all of animal's temporal bone were taken out.Celloidin-embedded and sections 25~30 μm in thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were observed with a light microscope.Results The deferent level of hearing loss happened in 5/8(7 ears) pregnant guinea pigs with ASNHL animal's serum transfer immunization and 6/8(10 ears) their offspring,and in 1/5(2 ears) offspring guinea pig produced by the control pregnant guinea pig with non-ASNHL animal's(means the hearing function have no change following CIEAgs immunity in these guinea pigs) serum transfer immunization.The dominating histological manifestations included various degrees of spiral ganglion cells edema,modiolar vein with a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate,and the floss substance in scala tympani.The endolymphatic hydrops appeared in 3 ear in the offspring produced by the female guinea pigs with ASNHL animal's serum transfer immunization.Conclusions The conspecific humoral transfer immunity with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss animal's sera can induce sensorineural hearing loss and inner ear pathologic morphologic changes in the passive immunized female animals.These disorders also could be showed in their offspring.These hearing dysfunction and inner ear disorders could mainly be caused by the specific antibodies rooting in female guinea pigs through placenta.
Keywords: openalex:import

Local and Global Peacebuilding: A Case Study of the Training Program Peace Leadership for Rwandan Women by Karuna Center for Peacebuilding - Taniguchi, Maki (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of Light Pollution on Development of Myopia in Guinea Pigs - Tao, Yuan (Journal of Environmental Health, 2007)
Objective To study the effects of flashing light exposure on development of myopia in guinea pigs. Methods Sixty pigmented guinea pigs aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into six groups. Animals in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were exposed to the flashing light(including red, yellow, green and white respectively)for 6 weeks. The illumination cycle was 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark. The flashing intensity was 800 lux, every flash includes 2 seconds light and 2 seconds dark. The above four groups were reared in the closed tightly paper box. Animals in group Ⅴ were reared in the closed tightly paper box with natural light, but group Ⅵ in a sight-widen cage and irradiated by natural light. After 6 weeks of treatment, the effects of flashing light on eye myopia and axial development were assessed by cycloplegic retinoscopy, A-scan ultrasonography. Results At the end of the treatment, guinea pigs reared in flashing light(including Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ group) exhibited -8.75 D, -6.56 D, -3.88 D and -4.84 D myopia respectively, eye axial elongated compared with the results of the beginning of the experiment. Conclusion Flashing light can cause the eye axial elongated and induce myopia in pigmented guinea pigs. Different wavelength of unique flashing light has different influence, the rank is red light (750 nm)yellow light(550 nm)white light(500 nm) green light(480 nm).
Keywords: openalex:import

The nature, scale and appropriateness of information, education and communication materials on HIV and AIDS in Zambia: a preliminary research report. - Tavares-Goodman, N.; Pyke, A.; Regan, C. M. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Rainfall erosion risk mapping in volcanic soils of Santiago Island, Cape Verde Archipelago - Tavares, Jacques de Pina; Amiotte‐Suchet, Philippe (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007)
Surface runoff and soil erosion are major threats to sustainable agriculture and mapping regional erosion risk is increasingly needed by local, national and international environment agencies. Because erosion results from the interaction of several parameters which vary in space and time, no simple model can take into account all relevant factors, particularly in cultivated areas where human influences are predominant. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology based firstly on Le Bissonnais's model and to apply it to evaluate the erosion risk on the Santiago Island in Cape Verde archipelago. According to the model, the rainfall erosion map revealed that Santiago Island may be broadly divided into five major erosion risk zones. While bare soils and rain fed sectors are respectively in the severe to extremely severe erosion risk zone with 916 km 2 , this is 91 % of Santiago's area. The coastal sector of Santiago is generally in the low erosion risk zone; the irrigation and forest sectors are in the very low erosion risk zone; the arbored sector is generally in the moderate erosion risk zone.
Keywords: openalex:import

Yield response of Arabica coffee to spacing and training methods in Southwestern Ethiopia. - Taye, Endale; Netsere, Anteneh; Shimber, Tesfaye; Kufa, Taye; Asfaw, F. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

The association between HIV testing and sexual behaviour amongst rural Zulu high school students in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa - Taylor, Myra; Dlamini, Sarah; Nyawo, N; Vries, Hein de; Sathiparsad, Reshma; Jinabhai, C C; Huver, Rosemarie; Sullivan, Keith (The Southern African journal of epidemiology & infection, 2007)
AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of HIV testing amongst South African high school students, their perceptions about HIV testing, and the influence of HIV testing on their sexual behaviour. Grade 10 students at 28 high schools completed a questionnaire based on the I-Change Model. Of 1,192 students, 57 (4.8%) had been tested for HIV. More tested students knew a person with HIV/AIDS (p<0.005), knew other people who had been tested (p<0.005), perceived support from family (p<0.005) and friends (p=0.003), and reported self-efficacy and further intentions to be tested (p<0.005). HIV counselling and testing can promote prevention messages to reduce the prevalence of HIV infection amongst HIVseronegative people, and decrease transmission amongst those HIV-seropositive. Early diagnosis and care can improve outcomes for HIV/AIDS. Encouraging HIV testing among school students may contribute to a reduction in HIV incidence and persuade students to reduce risky sexual behaviour.
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and the aquatic ecosystems of the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda - Taylor, RG; Rose, NL; Mackay, AW; Panizzo; Mileham, Lucinda; Ssemmanda, Immaculate; Tindimugaya, Callist; Nakileza, Bob; Muwanga, Andrew; Hau, Jorge L. (2007)
The Rwenzori Mountains are home to one of the last remaining tropical icefields outside of the Andes. Over the last century, equatorial icefields of the East African highlands have been steadily shrinking but the precise climate tropical alpine glaciers remain unclear. More than a decade had passed since the last detailed measurements of glacial cover were made in the Rwenzori Mountains. Recent evidence from Kilimanjaro suggests that its icecap will disappear entirely by the year 2020(1). The Rwenzori glaciers contribute meltwater flows to aquatic ecosystems of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, a Word Heritage Site featuring spectacular, rare Afroalpine flora and fauna, and are headwaters of the River Nile. With the overall aim of assessing the impact of recent climate change on alpine aquatic ecosystems of the Rwenzori Mountains, a collaborative, international research team led by the University College London (United Kingdom) and Makerere University (Uganda), and involving the Institut fur Geographie from the University of Innsbruck (Austria) and Water Resources Management Department (Uganda) was assembled in order to pursue three primary scientific objectives: • to assess the magnitude of current glacial recession; • to assess the impact of glacial recession on alpine riverflow; and • to assess recent environmental change from observational datasets and available, environmental archives stored in lake sediment and glacial ice.
Keywords: openalex:import

African American College Students' Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS: Implications for Historically Black Colleges and Universities. - Taylor, Sandra; Jones, Tara (Challenge, 2007)
This paper investigated African American college students’ responses to a set of interview questions selected from a larger survey instrument in an exploratory study of basic attitudes about HIV/ AIDS. Forty-two participants responded to an interview schedule in an investigation of student attitudinal domains regarding the HIV/ AIDS epidemic. Results show that while most students’ attitudes were consistent with expectations, a number of students expressed attitudes that are counterproductive in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Given the epidemic within the African American community, such findings appear ominous and implore strategies, in particular, from the institution whose primary function is the education of its populace. Unless aggressive steps are taken to address the problem across college and university campuses, there can be no lessening of the epidemic’s impact within this community, and thereby no positive impact toward the goal of U.S. lowered rates consistent with recent global trends. ______________________ Please direct all correspondence to Sandra E. Taylor, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA 30314 or email to: staylor@cau.edu. Taylor, Jones 1 1 Taylor and Jones: African American Students' Attitudes Published by DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2007
Keywords: openalex:import

Higher Education and Work in Africa - Teichler, Ulrich; Mugabushaka, Alexis-Michel; Schomburg, Harald; Omoifo, Christy; Omeje, Kenneth; Kaijage, Erasmus (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Thirty years of implementing universal primary education in Tanzania: 1974-2003: a concern for quality and sustainability - Temu, E.B. (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

Neonatal surgical emergencies at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret -Kenya - Tenge-Kuremu, R; Kituyi, PW; Tenge, CN; Kerubo, J (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2007)
Background : Success in the management of neonatal surgical emergencies depends on prompt diagnosis, adequate resuscitation, good nursing care, safe anaesthesia and competent surgery. Considering that centres for paediatric surgery are few in the developing world, an added requirement is application of the principles of neonatal transport, when neonates are transported to these centres from wherever they are born. These are the challenges that Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital (MTRH) faces in the provision of emergency service to neonates. The hospital serves the Western Kenya region with a population of about 15 million. This study was aimed at determining the pattern and the outcome of neonatal emergency surgery at MTRH. Methods : This was a retrospective descriptive study done at The Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret-Kenya. The study population included all neonates with emergencies managed by the paediatric surgical service between July 2003 and July 2006. Data was obtained from the theatre register and patients’ files. Results : Sixty nine neonates were operated between July 2003 and July 2006 but only 56 files were completed for analysis. Of the 56 neonates, 35 were male and 21 female (M: F ratio of 1.7:1). The median age of presentation was 3 days with a range of 1 – 22 days. Referrals represented 32 (60%). The leading three diagnoses were anorectal malformation 19 (34%) intestinal atresia 8 (14%) and anterior abdominal wall defects 7 (13%). 14 (25%) of the neonates had low birth weight. Application of principles of neonatal transport was poor. Inadequacy of fluid therapy was noted in 26 (45%) of the neonates. Challenges of providing parental nutrition were encountered in 11 (20%). Sepsis was the leading complication and major cause of mortality. Overall mortality was 18 (24%) but was 14 (44%) among the referrals. Conclusion : Morbidity and mortality was high in the management of neonates with surgical emergencies. Reversing the trend will require: early referral and presentation; overcoming the challenges of providing infrastructure that will enable good nursing care, and improving neonatal transport in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import