School Psychology in Zimbabwe - Mpofu, Elias; Mhaka-Mutepfa, Magen; Chireshe, Regis; Kasayira, Joseph M. (2007)
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Advanced Level Chemistry Students’ Understanding of Stoichiometry: Evidence from Four Schools in Zimbabwe - Mpofu, Vongai; Kushure, L. P.; Nhenga, J.; Zishura, G. (2007)
This study surveyed Zimbabwean Advanced Level chemistry students’ understanding of stoichiometry and related concepts.  The methods of exploring students’ understanding consisted of paper and pencil surveys (two-tier multiple-choice items) interviews.  Four schools of the thirteen (13 high schools offering Advanced level chemistry in Masvingo province were purposively sampled.  All the one hundred and three (103) students in the four sampled schools participated in the study.  Simple descriptive statistics was used to analyse data.  Some of the surveyed students revealed some unique misconceptions for stoichiometry and related concepts while other findings were consistent with those from earlier studies conducted in other countries.  Students had difficulty with:  (i) coefficients and subscripts (ii) interpretations of representations in equations and formulae (iii) understanding of molar quantities (iv) comprehension and identification of limiting reagents and (v) solving reaction efficiency problems.  The sources of these difficulties are largely attributed to the lack of understanding of fundamental stoichiometry concepts and meta language of expression.  Further research in unexplored areas such as, the influence of the school factor on the type and complexity of misconceptions is recommended.
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PROVISION OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES TO THE VISUALLY CHALLENGED STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON - Mrs, Ayiah; Mansa, Efua (2007)
Visually Challenged students (VCS) in University of Ghana, Legon face various constraints in accessing library and information services. The study was based on Ranganathan’s five principles of librarianship. Literature was reviewed on provision and access to library and information services. The researcher adopted case study, since the sample size was small they were all included in the study. Descriptive data analysis technique was used to analyze data. Tables and graphs were used to display information. Findings of the study indicated that there is no program for VCS, they were aware of technological developments in information communication technologies (ICT), access to information and library services was not in existence. It was recommended that the library and the University should make a conscious effortto upgrade it services to meet theacademic needs of VCS.
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Tanzania experince on the implementation of the Dakar agreement on education for all - Mrutu, Rose Judas (2007)
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Stakeholders' perception of their participation in environmental education in tanzania - Mtaita, Upendo Yonnah (2007)
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Mathematics teacher education in Zimbabwe - Mtetwa, David; Nyikahadzoyi, Maron; Nyaumwe, Lovemore J.; Chauraya, Million; Kwari, Rudo; Mukono, Shadreck (2007)
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A study of in school factors' contribution to primary school girls' drop out in Rumuruti Division, Laikipia District Kenya - Muchemi, Lydiah Njoki (2007)
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of master of education degree of Kenyatta University
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Challenges in training the ideal Doctor for Africa: lessons learned from Zimbabwe - Mufunda, J; Chatora, Rufaro; Ndambakuwa, Yustina; Samkange, Christopher; Sigola, Lynette B.; Vengesa, Pedzisai (Medical Teacher, 2007)
Limited competencies among doctors and reduced numbers from medical migration in Africa could be corrected through innovative curricula and retention of trained manpower. The University of Zimbabwe Medical School simultaneously decided to increase the quality and quantity of doctors to address shortages.To evaluate the outcome of innovative medical education at the University of Zimbabwe Medical School.A structured questionnaire was administered to a broad group of staff and student representatives. In addition, a desk review of academic documents and policies and procedures was carried out.Early patient contact and community attachment which were introduced to the traditional curriculum remained but other teaching methodologies were not sustained with traditional didactic training still taking centre stage with limited staff development and retention. Whilst the annual student enrolment increased from less than 80 to 200 per year the vacancy rate of academic staff increased to 50%.Innovative curricula were partially implemented. The annual student intake increased but the staff complement declined. There is an urgent need to monitor and evaluate outcomes of medical education in Africa to arrest further decline in the quality of health care services.
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Higher education and work in Africa : a comparative empirical study in selected countries - Mugabushaka, Alexis-Michel; Schomburg, Harald; Teichler, Ulrich (2007)
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FUNDING MECHANISMS FOR THE 'PRIVATE-NOT-FOR-PROFIT' HEALTH TRAINING INSTITUTIONS IN UGANDA - Mugisha, John Francis; Pemba, Senga; Petit, P (2007)
The Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP) aims to ensure access to basic health care by the Ugandan population through the delivery of the National Minimum Health Care Package (NMHCP). This requires availability of well-trained health professionals. This study demonstrates that the PrivateNot-For-Profit (PNFP) Health Training Institutions - the majority in Uganda - have remained grossly under-funded, which poses a threat to achievement of the HSSP. They are faced with decreasing income from fees, dwindling donor support and over-dependence on government grants which are both uncertain and erratic. Consequently, vital activities for students' training such as field trips, teaching and reading materials are left unsatisfied as a copying mechanism, but not without negative implications for quality. It is recommended that government increases and guarantees its support to these Health Training Institutions as a way of maintaining quality of health worker training. At the same time, the training institutions need to diversify their funding options to include designing short tailor-made courses, mobilizing alumni contributions, research and consultancies, self-help projects like farming, canteens and stationeries as well as fund-raising activities as a way of bridging their funding gap. This should be coupled with more efficiency mechanisms and prudent management to avoid wastage of the already scarce financial resources.
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Education and mitigation of child labour in Kenya - Mugo, John Kabutha (2007)
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A description of the perceptions and barriers that influence initial and consistent use of condoms amongst a sample of male and female students of the Polytechnic in Namibia - Muheua, Adam (2007)
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Factors influencing students' strikes in secondary schools in kilome division, makueni district, kenya - Muithya, Ronald K (2007)
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Gender and education in Tanzania: an annotated bibliography - Mukangara, Fenella; Matiyas, Marciano (2007)
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Educating Children with Emotional and/or Behavioral Disabilities in Kenya: A Right or a Privilege? - Mukuria, Gathogo; Korir, Jacqueline; Adera, Beatrice (2007)
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Communication, change and technology: an analysis of their applications to African extension education - Mukwa, Christopher Wekesa (2007)
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The Sexuality Education Needs of Teacher Trainees in Kenya. - Mulama, Stella (2007)
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Evaluation model for needs satisfaction in education change: evidence from Kakamega District, Kenya - Mulambula, Shikuku M.; Mukwa, C.; Simiyu, Aggrey Mukasa (2007)
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Prevalence of refractive errors among primary school children in Makueni District, Kenya - Mulenga, Kangwa M (2007)
A dissertation submitted as part fulfillment for the Degree of Masters of Medicine (Ophthalmology), University of Nairobi
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Understanding African values in teaching - Muleya, Wilson (2007)
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Recruiting, Retaining, and Retraining Secondary School Teachers and Principals in Sub-Saharan Africa - Mulkeen, Aidan; Chapman, David W.; DeJaeghere, Joan; Leu, Elizabeth (World Bank Publications, 2007)
This working paper is based on country case studies of Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Madagascar, Tanzania, and Uganda, and an extensive literature review. In many parts of Africa, the demand for secondary teachers substantially exceeds the supply, due to factors such as secondary teacher attrition, bottlenecks in the teacher preparation system, and perceived unattractive conditions of service. Few countries have strong policies, strategies, and programs for recruiting able secondary school graduates to secondary teaching. The paper suggests several critical and promising areas for improvement in the quality of secondary teachers through new approaches to recruitment; pre-service and in-service teacher development; and improvements in the deployment, utilization, compensation, and conditions of service for teachers.
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Opportunities and challenges in achieving universal primary education in Ethiopia - Mulugeta, Tilahun (2007)
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Prevalence of signifi cant refractive errors in primary school children of a rural district of Kenya - Muma, MK; Kariuki, M (2007)
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INQUIRY LEVELS AND SKILLS IN ZAMBIAN HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS, TEXTBOOKS AND PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS - Mumba, Frackson; Chabalengula, Vivien Mweene; Hunter, William C. (Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2007)
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Political Incumbency and Drought Relief in Africa - Munemo, Ngonidzashe (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
Since gaining independence, a number of African governments have responded to protect citizens from drought-induced threats of famine. Government relief has either involved limited disbursements of food aid and large income restoring labour-intensive public works programme for the able bodied (labour-based relief), or the universal distribution of free food aid (free food aid). This paper examines why some African governments select policies of universal food relief, while others adopt food-for-work or work-for-cash programmes. Through the use of the concept of the vulnerability of political incumbency, I explore the factors that shape policy selection by political leaderships. This idea is then tested in Botswana, Kenya and Zimbabwe. In find that that the political status of incumbents determines whether government relief comes in the form of universal aid or labour-based relief.
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Experimenting in distance education: The African virtual university (AVU) and the paradox of the World Bank in Kenya—A rejoinder - Munene, Ishmael I. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2007)
This rejoinder is in response to criticism against the African Virtual University (AVU), an internet-based education modality, by Amutabi and Oketch [2003. Experimenting in distance education: the African Virtual University (AVU) and the Paradox of World Bank in Kenya. International Journal of Educational Development 23, 57–73]. By closely focusing on AVU “foreignness”, its equity effects, as well as questions about its sustainability, this riposte argues that the origins, developments and modus operandi of the new virtual educational system mirrors that of the state universities in Kenya. The paper concludes by arguing in favor of the theory of isomorphism as a more comprehensive analytical framework for assessing complexities of the development and role of internet-based education in developing countries.
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Peer Reviewed Article Testing the Use of Lessac's Tonal NRG as a Voice Building Tool for Female Students at a South African University—A Perceptual Study - Munro, Marth; Wissing, Daan (Voice and Speech Review, 2007)
(2007). Peer Reviewed Article Testing the Use of Lessac's Tonal NRG as a Voice Building Tool for Female Students at a South African University—A Perceptual Study. Voice and Speech Review: Vol. 5, Voice and Gender, pp. 333-342.
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The role of headteachers in instructional supervision in public secondary schools in Mwala division- Machakos district, Kenya - Muoka, Victoria (2007)
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Needs For Education And Training In Radiation Protection: Kenya Experience - Mustapha, Alison; Kalambuka, H A; Maina, D M; Onyatta, J; Kioko, John; Masinza, S.A.; Kamande, J (2007)
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The Efficacy of the Legal Framework for Combating Climate Change in Uganda - Mustapher, Ntale (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
Climate change is one of the greatest environmental and economic threats facing the world today. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have increased the level of greenhouse gases, the primary contributors to global warming in the atmosphere. This accumulation is changing the Earth's weather patterns, resulting in higher global temperatures, rising sea levels and a potential shift in the distribution of the world's ecosystems. There is a growing need to develop strategies that will reduce current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and curtail future emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol represents an international strategy to combat these effects. The Kyoto Protocol establishes emission reduction targets for industrialized countries and incorporates a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for trading carbon credits generated by projects implemented in developing countries. Uganda, as a party to the protocol, has participated in CDM projects especially in the forestry sector. The UNFCCC requires State parties to take appropriate legislative measures to give effect to the terms of the convention. Uganda, as a party to the Convention, has the National Environment Act and other laws that protect against climate change. These laws however have some weaknesses in respect of climate change mitigation and it can be argued that this partly explains the persistence of the problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of the legal framework in Uganda for combating climate change. The study explores the strengths and weaknesses of both the international and national laws on climate change and makes appropriate recommendations for its improvement.
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Influence of maternal education on fertility in Kenya - Mutiga, Nancy N (2007)
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ICT intergarion in Botswana secondary schools: Digital divide factor and implications for information literacy - Mutula, Stephen M.; Mutula, Dorah Lyaka. (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2007)
No Abstract. African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science Vol. 17 (2) 2007: pp. 125-134
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Training Levy To Support Construction Craft Skills Training In Zambia - Muya, Mundia; Price, Andrew D.F. (2007)
Construction is a major industry with a significant contribution to the gross domestic product and the development strategy, especially of developing countries. However, the industry often faces many challenges, which include shortage of skilled craftspeople that often lead to cost and time overruns, and quality shortfalls. Improvements in productivity and quality require upgrading the knowledge and skills of all the workers in the industry, including those of craftspeople. Investment in training has been identified as being key to addressing the persistent problem of craft skills shortage in the industry, a view supported by surveyed contractors in Zambia. The surveyed contractors also supported the idea of introducing construction sector specific levy to support construction craft skills training.
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A phenomenological study of women primary school heads' experiences as educational leaders in post colonial Zimbabwe - Muzvidziwa, Irene (2007)
This research study was carried out in order to gain an understanding of the experiences of women primary school heads, their perceptions of their roles as leaders, the challenges they face and how they dealt with them. The study focused on the lived experiences of five women in Zimbabwe's primary schools. Literature relating to the issues and experiences of women in educational leadership within school contexts and the conceptual framework is examined. The importance of leadership has been emphasised in the literature of school effectiveness. Leadership theories tended to emphasise measurability and effectiveness of leadership, oversimplifying the complexity of leadership phenomenon. These features reflect research approach adopted by researchers from a positivist orientation. This study is an in-depth qualitative study conducted along the lines suggested by a phenomenological-interpretivist design with emphasis on rich contextual detail, close attention to individual's lived experience and the bracketing of pre-conceived notions of the phenomenon. Views and experiences based on the participants' perspectives are described through in-depth interviews which were dialogical in nature. Through this approach, I managed to grasp the essences of the lived experiences of women The research highlights the women's perceptions of themselves as educational leaders. What emerges is the variety of approaches to handling challenges. My findings show a rich and diverse culture of creativity in the way participants adopted a problem-solving strategy, which is not reflected in the mainstream leadership. Though educational leadership emerges as a complex phenomenon, with alternative approaches to educational research, there is high potential for increased understanding of woman's leadership, its importance and implications for school.%%%%KMBT_363%%%%Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Widening Participation in Higher Education in Ghana and Tanzania: Developing an Equity Scorecard - Mwaipopo, Rosemarie; Opare, James Adu; Morley, Louise; Lugg, Rosemary; Lihamba, Amandina; Leach, Fiona (2007)
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Provision of high quality preschool education as an economic development tool : the case of Ngaraba Nursery School in Mabibo Ward in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Mwakanema, Lydia Mgimwa (2007)
Mwakanema, L. M. (2007). Provision of high quality preschool education as an economic development tool: the case of Ngaraba Nursery School in Mabibo Ward in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.edu
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Ex ante evaluation of is projects in Institutions of higher learning in Kenya - Mwamburi, C M (2007)
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A peer education programme for San adolescents in Namibia : the Namibia Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Programme - Mwangi, M.; Mbeki, C.; Clewett, Janita (2007)
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Gender and Drought Hazards in the Rangelands of the Great Horn of Africa - Mwangi, Margaret (2007)
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Application of equity and efficiency principles in bursary allocation in secondary schools, Manyatta division, Embu district, Kenya. - Mwirichia, Njeru W (2007)
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Analysis of influences in soccer: the case of Kenya Science Teachers College - Mwisukha, A.; Rintaugu, Elijah G.; Nteere, Jacob S (2007)
A paper presented at joint congress 2007 SEA games & ASEAN para games scientific congress and 5th Bangkok ASPASP international congress on sport psychology, 1st - 4th December 2007, RAMA gardens hotel and resort, Bangkok, Thailand
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Challenges faced by principals in implementing strategy in public secondary schools in Nairobi province, Kenya. - Mwita, William (2007)
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The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Health and Education Spending and Outcomes: Evidence from Ethiopia - Naald, Vander; Philip, Brian (2007)
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Post dural puncture headache in obstetric patients: experience from a West African teaching hospital - Nafiu, Olubukola O.; Salam, Richard A.; Elegbe, E. O. (International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2007)
This prospective, non-randomised study examined the frequency and severity of post dural puncture headache in 96 Ghanaian women who consented to spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.Spinal anaesthesia was performed using 22-gauge (n = 22), 25-gauge (n = 46) or 26-gauge (n = 38) Quincke needles. Patients were followed up to determine the incidence and severity of post spinal headache.The overall incidence of post dural puncture headache was 8.3%, but was significantly higher (33%) in patients in whom 22-gauge Quincke needles were used than in the other two groups (4% and 5% respectively: P = 0.003). Most patients rated their headache as mild to moderate on a 10-cm visual analogue scale.In view of the high incidence of headache and the need for treatment associated with the use of the 22-gauge Quincke needle, we recommend that this should not be used in the obstetric population. We are also aware that the incidence of post dural puncture headache could be further reduced by the use of small calibre pencil-point needles but these are currently very expensive and many obstetric units in developing countries may not be able to afford them.
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Choice or Deprivation?: Primary School Drop outs in Malawi: The Case of Kasungu District - Namphande, Peter Ngwinjo William (2007)
For a country to develop, it needs an educated human resource. Besides the benefits of education to society, individuals have a better chance of escaping from poverty if they have the right kind an ...
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Training teachers for secondary mathematics and science: the challenge facing the University of Malawi - Nampota, Dorothy (2007)
This paper focuses on the development of human capacity in the science, mathematics and technology (SMT) which has been on the agenda of most developing countries.  The author examines the current situation regarding the adequacy of SMT teacher provision for secondary education.  It discusses the challenges facing secondary teacher training institutions in producing the desirable quantity and quality of SMT teachers for the country.  The analysis is based on the University of Malawi which hosts the oldest and main faculty of Education.  Nampota shows why a teacher is central in the teaching and learning environment and subsequently, in human capital development.
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Challenges of using English as a medium of instruction in the upper part of primary schools in rural Uganda : a case of one primary school in Mpigi district - Namuchwa, Cissy Edith (2007)
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Community participation in education programmes: the role of school management committees in school improvement in Busia District, Kenya - Namuyu, Robert Wawirie (2007)
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Community participation in education programmes: the role of school management committees in school improvement in Busia District, Kenya - Namuyu, Robert Wawirie (2007)
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National Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study of Malawi - Nangoma, Everhart (Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007), 2007)
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Education Inputs In Uganda : An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learning Achievement in Grade Six - Nannyonjo, Harriet (World Bank Publications, 2007)
This study on effective use of school inputs in Uganda is intended to contribute to the policy debate on how to make the best use of available resources to improve learning outcomes. It comes at an opportune time in Uganda when there are increasing demands on the education budget, yet it is unlikely that substantial increases in the sector budget envelope will be provided given other competing national priorities, as well as the need for additional resources to finance post primary education and training. This report emphasizes: the need for a balanced focus on resource availability and use, because without appropriate use or management, resources may not lead to improved learning; helping teachers to effectively teach large classes; and the importance of investing more in in-service training focused on pedagogical practices than on training teachers to acquire academic qualifications. The study also points to the need to examine and include teacher effectiveness as key criteria for determining teacher remuneration. With regard to automatic promotion, this study, and indeed the general literature suggest that repetition tends not to work within the same context and the same teaching styles. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the need to focus on school and classroom processes and better use of education resources focused on improvement of learning.
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Quality hgher education in the face of liberalization : a case of four universities in Uganda - Nantege, Ashabrick (2007)
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Foreign Direct Investment, Learning and Firm Upgrading in Ghana. In John Kuada (ed.) Internationalisation and Economic Growth Strategies in Ghana: A Business Perspective - Narteh, Bedman; Sorenson, Olav; Kuada, John (2007)
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Teaching African American Women’s Experiences With Intimate Male Partner Violence - Nash, Shondrah Tarrezz (Journal of Transformative Education, 2007)
In earlier research on religious coping and intimate male partner violence, the author interviewed African American women who had experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse by a spouse. This article describes how she uses these narrative accounts to help university students empathically experience the women’s responses to spousal abuse. Interview data, researcher accounts, and gender violence literature combine to validate both the universal and uncommon nature of Black women’s struggle with intimate male partner violence. Black feminist principles are used as a framework for exposing the multiple dynamics that intersect abused African American women’s experiences and worldviews.
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Hirschsprung's disease: 8 years experience in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Nasir, AA; Adeniran, JO; Abdur-Rahman, LO (Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 2007)
Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in children. Despite increased understanding of the disease and several techniques of treatment, significant complications continued to be associated with its management. Objective: To study the outcome of management of HD in the University Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of all children managed for HD between January 1998 and December 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, modes of presentation, methods of diagnosis, age at colostomy formation, age and type of definitive operations were noted from patients' records. Complications associated with colostomy, pre- and postoperative complications, final outcome and duration of follow-up were also noted. Results: Twenty-one patients (20 males, one female) managed for HD were reviewed. Eight (38%) were diagnosed in the neonatal period, the mean age at diagnosis being 22 months. Fourteen patients had completed the three stages of the operation, one is awaiting colostomy closure and two patients are waiting for definitive operations. Out of the 15 patients who had definitive surgery, nine had Swenson's pull-through operations while six had Duhamel operations. At presentation, six patients had enterocolitis, one of whom had spontaneous colonic perforation, two patients had sepsis. Colostomy-related complications recorded included sixteen patients with dermatitis, nine with colostomy prolapse, one patient with colostomy diarrhea and one with enterocolitis and sepsis. Following definitive surgery, three patients had wound infection, one partial intestinal obstruction, one postDuhamel hemorrhage and two enterocolitis. Complications after colostomy closure included two wound infections and one severe enterocolitis. There were five deaths (23.8%)-two from sepsis, two from enterocolitis and one from an adverse drug reaction. One of the children who had enterocotitis preoperatively died of enterocolitis after colostomy. Range of follow-up was six weeks- to eight years. Conclusions: Many complications from HD resulted from late presentation to our unit. Colostomy caused unacceptable morbidity. Most deaths were due to sepsis and enterocolitis. The Swenson's and Duhamel operations gave satisfactory results. Early presentation and improved facilities in our pediatric surgical unit will reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Development of effective discipline culture in selected public secondary schools in Thika district, Kenya - Ndaita, Justina (2007)
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Factors that influence performance of English at secondary schools level in Matungulu Division, Kangundo District, Kenya - Ndanu, Tabither (2007)
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Educational Provision for the Academically Gifted: Rhetoric or Reality? Case of Primary Schools in Nyandarua District, Kenya - Ndirangu, Mathenge wa; Mwangi, Joseph Kimani; Changeiywo, Johnson M. (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2007)
Some gifted people have made invaluable contributions to the world that shaped the destiny of humanity. Identification and development of gifts and talents of gifted children has been viewed as critical in tapping this valuable human resource. This study investigated the extent to which children who had demonstrated evidence of high academic capability are assisted in Kenyan primary schools to nurture their gifting. The study revealed varied practices but showed that a lot remains to be done. The findings of the study provide a useful empirical basis for action by policymakers, curriculum developers, education administrators, teachers, parents and other people interested in educational welfare of gifted children.
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Educational Provision for the Academically Gifted: Rhetoric or Reality? Case of Primary Schools in Nyandarua District, Kenya - Ndirangu, Mathenge wa; Mwangi, Joseph Kimani; Changeiywo, Johnson M. (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2007)
Some gifted people have made invaluable contributions to the world that shaped the destiny of humanity. Identification and development of gifts and talents of gifted children has been viewed as critical in tapping this valuable human resource. This study investigated the extent to which children who had demonstrated evidence of high academic capability are assisted in Kenyan primary schools to nurture their gifting. The study revealed varied practices but showed that a lot remains to be done. The findings of the study provide a useful empirical basis for action by policymakers, curriculum developers, education administrators, teachers, parents and other people interested in educational welfare of gifted children.
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Educational Provision for the Academically Gifted: Rhetoric or Reality? Case of Primary Schools in Nyandarua District, Kenya - Ndirangu, Mathenge wa; Mwangi, Joseph Kimani; Changeiywo, Johnson M. (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 2007)
Some gifted people have made invaluable contributions to the world that shaped the destiny of humanity. Identification and development of gifts and talents of gifted children has been viewed as critical in tapping this valuable human resource. This study investigated the extent to which children who had demonstrated evidence of high academic capability are assisted in Kenyan primary schools to nurture their gifting. The study revealed varied practices but showed that a lot remains to be done. The findings of the study provide a useful empirical basis for action by policymakers, curriculum developers, education administrators, teachers, parents and other people interested in educational welfare of gifted children.
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Characterization for phenotypic drought tolerance and resistance to storage pests in local coastal maize landraces in Kenya. - Ndiso, James; Mugo, Stephen; Kibe, A.M.; Pathak, R. S.; Likhayo, Paddy; Ahmed, K. Z. (8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007, 2007)
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Challenges of Starting and Managing a School for the Blind in a marginalized War, Torn Country-Somalia - Ndonye, F. M. (2007)
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Gifted students in Kenya secondary schools: constraint to their directed advancement - Ndurumo, MM; Nguru, JN (2007)
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Do African-American women learners perform better academically than African-American men at historically Black colleges and universities? - Nebolisa, Anozie (2007)
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Teaching in higher education: using reflexivity to construct a comparative analysis of tutor biographies between South Africa and the UK - Needham, D.B.; Lowe, N (2007)
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Care, communication and support relationships in the classroom : the case of pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties in Harari region, Ethiopia - Negassa, Dawit (2007)
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Introducing a school-to-work transition model for youth with disabilities in South Africa. - Nel, Leonora; Westhuyzen, Colette van der; Uys, Kitty (PubMed, 2007)
Historically, transition from the school into sustainable employment has been the outcome for very few who completed their schooling at the Pretoria School for Learners with Special Educational Needs. This resulted in the development of a transition model, based on models successfully implemented in the United States of America, which addresses the range of transition needs of youth with disabilities in the South African context. This article gives a short description of the content of the program, and the context within which it functions.
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The socio-economic and psychological determinants of student academic outcomes in Papua New Guinea - Nelson, Genevieve F (2007)
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Differences in students' motivation to learn secondary school mathematics in Kericho District, Kenya - Ng'eno, J.K.; Changeiywo, Johnson M. (2007)
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ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL AND SOIL RADON MEASUREMENT OF A VOLCANIC REGION IN CAMEROON - Ngachin, M.; Salam, Abdus; Garavaglia, M. (2007)
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Climate change and water challenges for Africa in the 21st Century - Ngaira, Josephine K. W. (2007)
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Intergenerational Learning in URLCODA’s Literacy Classes in Uganda: An Examination of its Motivation, Methods and Materials - Ngaka, Willy (The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review, 2007)
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An analysis of water pollution and sustainable development:a case study of Nairobi river in Kenya, 1980-2007 - Ngari, Grace W (2007)
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Challenges in Educational planning in arid and semi-arid Regions of Kenya: Abseenteeism and dropout in primary schools. - Ngesu, Lewis (2007)
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Effectiveness of board of governors in the management of public secondary schools in Londiani division of Kericho district, Kenya - Ngigi, John N (2007)
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Problems of Learning Science in a Multicultural and Multilingual Country: the Cameroon Experience - Ngoh, Nelson N. (2007)
Professor Nelson Ngoh's article discussing the problems of science education while dealing with many languages and cultures from his experience teaching in Cameroon.
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Cost Sharing in Higher Education in Kenya - Ngolovoi, Mary (The International journal of learning (Online), 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Comoros Country Report - Ngombo, Florence; Isaacs, Shafika (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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Challenges facing secondary schools' guidance counselors in Kenya - Ngumi, Owen; Ngari, S.M.; Mumiukha, Catherine (2007)
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Factors influencing the abuse of drugs in Kenyan secondary schools: : a case study of Mbeere district - Ngunyi, Wangari A (2007)
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Impact of in-service training on secondary school head teachers' managerial skills in Nyeri district, Kenya - Ngure, Dickson G (2007)
Keywords: openalex:import

WHERE AND WHY HAVE ALL THE NURSES GONE? PERCEPTIONS OF NURSING STUDENTS IN KAMPALA, UGANDA. - Nguyen, Lisa; Ropers, S. (Journal of investigative medicine, 2007)
Background Worldwide, countries from Uganda to the United States are reporting severe nursing shortages. While the United States has 773 nurses to 100,000 population, Uganda has a corresponding 6 nurses to 100,000 population. Contributing to this health crisis is the ever-increasing rate of “brain drain,” in which African health professionals are emigrating to work in these more developed countries. An added problem is the rural versus urban distribution of health workers remaining in the country. This is the first study to focus on the perceptions of students still in their nursing education about their views on emigration and practice location. A better understanding of these perceptions could lead to changes in current practices and policies that would encourage the retention of future nurses. Methods Anonymous, close-ended (Likert 5-point scale) questionnaires were distributed to all nursing students at the Makerere Medical School and Aga Khan University in Kampala, Uganda, during July 2006 using convenience sampling methods. Results Sense of profession and loyalty to country distinguished students wanting to work in rural/public/, or African countries compared with those wanting to work in urban/private /UK/ or US (p Conclusion Policy implications based on this study include the following: (1) more vigorous recruitment of nursing students from rural areas could lead to a more stable workforce in Uganda; (2) interviews, recommendations, and personal goal statements could be evaluated in the admission process to favor those candidates likely to express a commitment to rural practice or continued service to Uganda; (3) Ministry of Health acknowledgment of the role of country stability and health workforce remuneration in attracting and retaining nurses could lead to policy choices that accomplish those goals.
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Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
Keywords: openalex:import

Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
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Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
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Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
Keywords: openalex:import

Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Micro-Level Analysis of Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Southern Africa - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. It often involves a combination of various individual responses at the farm-level and assumes that farmers have access to alternative practices and technologies available in the region. This study examines farmer adaptation strategies to climate change in Southern Africa based on a cross-section database of three countries (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe) collected as part of the Global Environment Facility/World Bank (GEF/WB) Climate Change and African Agriculture Project. The study describes farmer perceptions to changes in long-term temperature and precipitation as well as various farm-level adaptation measures and barriers to adaptation at the farm household level. A multivariate discrete choice model is used to identify the determinants of farm-level adaptation strategies. Results confirm that access to credit and extension and awareness of climate change are some of the important determinants of farm-level adaptation. An important policy message from these results is that enhanced access to credit, information (climatic and agronomic) as well as to markets (input and output) can significantly increase farm-level adaptation. Government policies should support research and development on appropriate technologies to help farmers adapt to changes in climatic conditions. Examples of such policy measures include crop development, improving climate information forecasting, and promoting appropriate farm-level adaptation measures such as use of irrigation technologies. from Authors' Abstract
Keywords: openalex:import

Institutional framework in relation to climate change in West and Central Africa. - Niang, Isabelle (2007)
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Elements of a regional climate change adapation strategy based on the risk-sharing approach - West Africa. - Niasse, Madiodio (2007)
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Elements of a regional climate change adapation strategy based on the risk-sharing approach - West Africa. - Niasse, Madiodio (2007)
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Celebrating African Drumming and Dance in a Rural Montana Classroom - Nicholls, Lisa Bossert (2007)
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Stakeholders' perceptions of parents' involvement in the governance of a Namibian rural school - Niitembu, Martha M (2007)
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Participation of adults in learning programmes : a case study done in two adult learning centres in Uganda - Niwagaba, Egidius (2007)
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Factors contributing to school drop out in public secondary schools in Mombasa District, Kenya - Njenga, Wanjiru (2007)
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Experiences in management ofPott′s paraplegiaand paraparesis in medical wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria - Njoku, C.O.; Makusidi, Muhammad A; Ezunu, EO (Annals of African Medicine, 2007)
Background : Pott's disease refers to spinal tuberculosis, which commonly leads to a gradual onset of neurological deficit that are difficult to diagnose at the early stage. Method: The study was a combination of retrospective and prospective study. Information was obtained using a predesigned protocol. Diagnosis was based on clinical features and plain spinal x-ray. Anti-tuberculous therapy was instituted in all patients for a minimum of 18 months. Monitoring of neurological status was done weekly.Results: There were 92 patients made up of 71 males (77.2%) and 21 females (22.8%) with a male: female ratios of 3.4:1. 53.3% were paraplegic while 46.7% were paraparetic. The age group 31-40 years was the most affected. 43.5% of the patients were farmers who formed the majority. Back pain, weight loss, paraplegia and paraparesis in that order were the common clinical features. 25% of the patients recovered full use of their lower limbs at the end of the study. Thoracic spine and lumbar spine were equally involved (41.5% respectively) while thoraco-lumbar spine was involved in 15.1% of patients. Cervical spine was only involved in 1.9% of the patients.Conclusion: Effective management of spinal tuberculosis should be a teamwork involving the physician, orthopedic surgeon, neurosurgeon as well as the radiologist. The rural populace needs to be educated to prevent late complications and ensure better prognosis.
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ID 005 DISASTER/HAZARDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRIES, PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEXES IN THE NIGER DELTA ATLANTIC COAST OF NIGERIA - Njoku, Paul C.; Delhi, Phil M. (2007)
Along with economic benefits industrialization has also brought with it disasters hazards of environmental pollution. The resulting effect on air water soil and biotic indicate the need for monitoring environmental pollutant and measures for its control. This research deals with the disaster hazards of environmental pollution due to the petroleum refining technology industries and petrochemical complexes in the Niger Delta Atlantic Coast of Nigeria. Obviously this area is facing critical pollution problems as very few studies and survey are conducted in environmental engineering research and environmental; development. Increasingly toxication hazards, disaster and non availability of data prompted the present study.
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Mila: exploring music education instructional promise of selected Kenyan folk songs - Njoora, Timothy Kamau (Chemchemi, 2007)
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Application of Principalcomponent analysis to Secondary schools examination resultsin kenya - Njoroge, Elizabeth W (2007)
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The Reconstruction of the Teacher’s Psyche in Rwanda: The Theory and Practice of Peace Education at Kigali Institute of Education - Njoroge, George (2007)
Located in central Africa, Rwanda measures 26,338 square kilometers and has a population of 8 million people. The country has three major population groups: Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa. Rwanda came into the limelight negatively during the 1994 genocide when 1 million people mainly Tutsi and moderate Hutu people were killed in just 100 days. The genocide caused a multiplicity of problems. Among the strategies used to reconstruct the country was the use of education to develop decimated human resources. While human resources function in many fields, quality teacher education emerges as an imperative preventative measure against future genocide.
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Computerized Tomography Scan of the Brain in a Community Study of Neurological Impairment in Kenya - Njuguna, Patricia; Mung’ala‐Odera, V.; Chong, WK; Meehan, R.; Newton, Charles R. (Journal of Child Neurology, 2007)
Neurological impairment is common in resource-poor countries, but its causes are not clear. Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain has been used to determine the cause of brain insults that may manifest as neurological impairments. The authors conducted a community survey in Kilifi of 10 218 children aged 6 to 9 years to detect neurological impairment. From this survey, 34 children were identified, of whom 16 had motor deficits, 11 complex partial seizures, 4 microcephaly or macrocephaly, and 3 severe developmental delay. These children were assessed with elicitation of history, physical examination, and CT scan of the brain. Sixteen (47%) of the scans showed abnormalities: cerebral atrophy (n = 9), schizencephaly (n = 3), periventricular leukomalacia (n = 2), porencephalic cyst (n = 1), and agenesis of the corpus callosum (n = 1). The minimum prevalence of abnormalities on the CT scan of the brain is 1.56 of 1000, and the prevalence of schizencephaly is 0.29 of 1000. Motor impairments were more likely to show abnormality than the other indications. CT abnormalities are common in children with neurological impairment in Kenya, but the appearances did not identify a major cause.
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Frequency and Use of Modals in Cameroon English and Application to Language Education. - Nkemleke, Daniel A. (The Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2007)
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''Towards the Endogenous Development of Mathematics Education – Children’s Final Report on Zambia” in Iwasaki, H. Empirical Study on the Evaluation Method for International Co-operation in Maths Education in Developing Countries – Focussing on Pupils’ Learning Achievement - Nkhata, Bentry; Uchida, Toshikazu; Nakamura, Shotaro (2007)
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The knowledge of impending heart attack and by-stander cardiopulmonary resuscitation among students at Turfloop Campus University of Limpopo South Africa - Nkoko, Koena Joseph (2007)
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A national survey of visual impairment in Botswana. - Nkomazana, Oathokwa (PubMed, 2007)
The Botswana ministry of health kindly provided a vehicle for oathoakwa Nkomazana's research team. BOTSWANA
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Implementing Universal Basic Education in Nigeria: Examining the challenges facing the Catholic schools - Nnajiofor, Polycarp Chukwumelum (2007)
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Registration of ‘Giza 2000’ Drought‐Tolerant Six‐rowed Barley for Rainfed and New Reclaimed Areas in Egypt - Noaman, M. M.; Ahmed, Iftikhar; El-Sayed, Ahmed A.; Abo-Elenin, R. A.; El-Gamal, A. S.; El-Sherbiny, A.M.; Asaad, F. A.; El-Hag, A. A.; Moustafa, K. A.; El-Bawab, A.M.O.; El-Moselhy, M.A.; Megahed, M.; et al. (Crop Science, 2007)
Crop ScienceVolume 47, Issue 1 p. 440-440 Registrations of Cultivar Registration of ‘Giza 2000’ Drought-Tolerant Six-rowed Barley for Rainfed and New Reclaimed Areas in Egypt M.M. Noaman, Corresponding Author M.M. Noaman [email protected] Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptCorresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorI.A. Ahmed, I.A. Ahmed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Sayed, A.A. El-Sayed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorR.A. Abo-El-Enin, R.A. Abo-El-Enin Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.S. El-Gamal, A.S. El-Gamal Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.M. El-Sherbiny, A.M. El-Sherbiny Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorF.A. Asaad, F.A. Asaad Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Hag, A.A. El-Hag Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorKh.A. Moustafa, Kh.A. Moustafa Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.M. El-Bawab, A.M. El-Bawab Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. El-Moselhy, M.A. El-Moselhy Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. Megahed, M.A. Megahed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.M. Abd El-Hameed, M.M. Abd El-Hameed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorKh.A. Amer, Kh.A. Amer Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. Atia, A.A. Atia Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.F. Saad, M.F. Saad Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. Said, M.A. Said Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorH.A. Ashmawy, H.A. Ashmawy Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorR.A. Rizk, R.A. Rizk Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorH.A.T. Mahfouz, H.A.T. Mahfouz Agric. Genetic Engineering Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this author M.M. Noaman, Corresponding Author M.M. Noaman [email protected] Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptCorresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorI.A. Ahmed, I.A. Ahmed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Sayed, A.A. El-Sayed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorR.A. Abo-El-Enin, R.A. Abo-El-Enin Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.S. El-Gamal, A.S. El-Gamal Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.M. El-Sherbiny, A.M. El-Sherbiny Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorF.A. Asaad, F.A. Asaad Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. El-Hag, A.A. El-Hag Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorKh.A. Moustafa, Kh.A. Moustafa Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.M. El-Bawab, A.M. El-Bawab Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. El-Moselhy, M.A. El-Moselhy Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. Megahed, M.A. Megahed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.M. Abd El-Hameed, M.M. Abd El-Hameed Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorKh.A. Amer, Kh.A. Amer Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorA.A. Atia, A.A. Atia Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.F. Saad, M.F. Saad Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM.A. Said, M.A. Said Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorH.A. Ashmawy, H.A. Ashmawy Barley Research Dep., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorR.A. Rizk, R.A. Rizk Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorH.A.T. Mahfouz, H.A.T. Mahfouz Agric. Genetic Engineering Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, EgyptSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.05.0350Citations: 9 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume47, Issue1January–February 2007Pages 440-440 RelatedInformation
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Leading educational change in primary teacher education: A Papua New Guinea study - Nongkas, Catherine Matmadar (2007)
Papua New Guinea gained its independence from Australia in 1975. However, as a developing nation, PNG has continued to depend on external assistance for its development programs. Extensive foreign aid has been expended primarily to enhance the quality of education. To explore the issue of foreign aid and its impact on PNG as a postcolonial society, the dependency and postcolonial theories were adopted to guide the discussion. The theorist Beeby argues that in order to improve the quality of education, the level of general education and training of teachers in developing countries must be raised. This has occurred in PNG but it has not significantly enhanced the quality of education. Consequently, the issue explored concerns the type of educational change occurring in PNG primary teachers' colleges (PTCs) and its leadership. Globalization processes were adopted to guide the exploration of the education reform and its impact on the quality of education in primary teacher education in PNG. T he following questions focused the content of the study:1. What is the quality of education being experienced in the Catholic Primary Teachers' Colleges? 2. What are the lecturers', students', and recent graduates' perceptions of the recent Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Project innovations occurring in the teachers' colleges? 3. How is the curriculum in the teachers' colleges perceived by the lecturers, students and recent graduates? 4. How is leadership demonstrated in the three Catholic Primary Teachers' Colleges? The epistemological framework of the research was constructionism adopting an interpretivist approach. The specific interpretivist perspective employed was symbolic interactionism because symbolic interactionism places emphasis on the importance of understanding, interpretation and meaning. A case study approach was adopted as the methodology for this research because of the nature of the research purpose.;This study involved a total of 166 participants consisting of staff and students from the three Catholic primary teachers' colleges, representatives from the Catholic Church, National Department of Education (NDOE), Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Project (PASTEP) and other education officers. The data was gathered through a variety of methods including in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus groups, and documentary analysis. The major conclusions that emerged from this study revealed that educational change in primary teacher education has been implemented. However, the study concluded that the quality of leadership demonstrated to lead the educational change was disappointing. Inadequate leadership at the administration and curriculum levels had a negative influence on the quality of education. Achieving quality education was also hampered by inadequate funding, scarcity of resources and inappropriate infrastructure in all the institutions. The two-year trimester program has improved access and quantity but at the expense of quality. To assist primary teacher education implement the reform agenda, foreign aid was required. PASTEP was introduced and the contribution made by PASTEP was substantial. However, the study concluded that some of the strategies adopted by PASTEP to conduct its programs were questionable because there was evidence of hegemonic and colonial practices found among some of its workforce. In accepting foreign aid projects, PNG needs to establish strategies to ensure equitable partnerships with all stakeholders for sustainable development in education. In this respect, the findings of this study may serve as a guide for future decisions about educational leadership, curriculum innovation, donor funding agencies and policy generation.
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On-the-job learning and earnings in Benin, Morocco and Senegal - Nordman, Christophe Jalil; Wolff, François‐Charles (Economics Papers from University Paris Dauphine, 2007)
In this paper, we consider a model of on-the-job learning where workers learn informally by watching and imitating colleagues. We estimate the rate of knowledge diffusion inside the firm using three matched worker-firm data sets from Benin, Morocco and Senegal. We rely on non-linear least squares to estimate the structural parameters of the informal learning model and account for unobserved firm heterogeneity using firm factors derived from a principal component analysis. We find that the rate of knowledge diffusion is around 7 percent in Morocco and Senegal and much higher in Benin, but part of the learning-by- watching returns stems from firm heterogeneity. Informal training significantly affects the shape of returns to tenure in African countries. Finally, we estimate an extended model with both learning-by-watching and learning-by-doing and find significant benefits from imitating colleagues in Morocco.
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Improving Primary Science Education in Uganda and India. - Norman, Ssempa Nurudean; Singh, Surjit (Primary Science Review, 2007)
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The hearing profile among learners in schools in the Western Cape, South Africa - North-Matthiassen, C.; Singh, Shajila (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2007)
The hearing profile amongst school learners in the Western Cape was investigated. The University of Cape Town's hearing-screening programme at 11 primary schools (n=1101) was audited and revealed a 13.8% referral rate amongst school-aged children. The possible effects of environmental noise on hearing-screening performance at 500Hz was investigated. When the hearing-screening results at 500Hz were excluded from the audit, the referral rate was reduced from 13.8% to 7.9%. The referral rate for hearing-screening failures amongst the learners in the sample was towards the high end of the range for developing countries (3.3-13.9%). More learners had unilateral than bilateral hearing failures while laterality, gender and geographical differences were minimal. This high referral rate suggests a strong need for hearing-screening of the school-aged population.
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Livestock development and climate change in Turkana District, Kenya - Notenbaert, An Maria Omer; Thornton, Philip K.; Herrero, Mario (2007)
Summary of impacts of different scenarios, time period 2050 compared with baseline in 2000. 2000 Had CM3-A1F1 % Had CM3-B1F1 % ECHam4 – B1F1 % Temperature (°C) 25 29 18 27 11 27 10 Precipitation (mm) 565 736 30 646 14 733 30 Net Primary Production (millions MT) 6,866,758 RUE = 2.75 9,933,181 45 8,336,900 21 9,809,461 43 RUE = 2.25 8,127,148 18 6,821,100 -1 8,025,923 17 RUE = 1.75 6,321,115 -8 5,305,300 -23 6,242,384 -9 RUE = 1.25 4,515,082 -34 3,789,500 -45 4,458,846 -35 4.4 Recommendations for management A recently completed study by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC, 2005) documents and identifies higher level responses to emergencies in livestock owning communities. Though the main emphasis of the study is on emergencies caused by conflict, reference is made to emergencies caused by other factors and a lot of the findings can easily be applied to e.g. flood and drought responses. The study states that most of the livestock dependent systems in the Greater Horn of Africa (e.g. the pastoral system in Turkana District) occur in dis-equilibrium environments. The non-equilibrium approach stresses the importance of stochastic, external disturbances as drivers for ecosystem change (Westoby et al., 1989). In this view, annual rainfall and its variability are the main drivers for the ecosystem productivity. After a drought, a few years with good rainfall can fully restore state and productivity of the plant cover (Ellis and Swift, 1988). Hein and De Ridder (2006) on the other hand suggest that you can’t understand the dynamics of semi-arid rangelands without both equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches. To a certain extend, anthropogenic pressure causes the degradation of the ecosystem. High stocking densities affect the structure and composition of the herbaceous layer, which reduces the productivity of the rangelands and increases the system’s vulnerability for drought (Illius and O’Connor, 1999; Hein and De Ridder, 2006). The pressure on the resources has indeed been growing in recent years. Due to the increase in human and livestock population (see the market access and opportunities study and table 7) the pastoralists make more use of the available natural resources in non-drought times, leaving fewer resources to cope with drought conditions.
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Learning of colonial odor in the ant Cataglyphis niger (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). - Nowbahari, Elise (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007)
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Quality Assurance in Open, Distance and Online Education in Mauritius - Nowbuth; Baguant-Moonshiram, Yashwaree (University of Mauritius Research Journal, 2007)
Quality assurance in the education sector is the systematic review of educational programmes to ensure that acceptable standards of education, scholarship and infrastructure are being maintained. The current vision and strategic direction of many organisations has raised the importance of using technology to create flexibility in the teaching process. Quality assurance in open, distance and online education, aims at providing information to protect students from inadequate learning resources and low-quality provisions. It also aims to provide decision-makers at the governmental and institutional level with information and skills necessary to better navigate in the new higher education space. In order to ensure that the quality of this new approach to learning and teaching at tertiary level maintains the aspiration of excellence Universities need to be aware of and reflect on what it does and where changes are called for there need to be opportunities to adapt and revise. Quality is emerging as a key factor in assuring the success of online learning initiatives. Quality assurance is a difficult concept to discuss because everyone’s picture of quality varies and this is particularly true of online learning. This paper will in it own way discuss the concept of quality assurance as applied to open, distance and online education. Keywords : distance education, quality assurance, online learning
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History teaching, learning and Junior Certificate (JC) examination results in Lesotho, 2000 - 2006: implications for teacher education. - Ntabeni, Mary (2007)
Th is paper addresses the status of History teaching and learning in Lesotho which is at its lowest ebb. Very few schools teach the subject and the poor Junior Certifi cate (JC) examination results exacerbate the situation. An analysis of the examiners’ comments in the last seven years points to poor and/or lack of essay writing skills among the candidates as one of the main reasons behind the high failure rate in JC History. In recognition of the situation’s implications for ‘quality’ teacher education, this study proposes (1) rigorous preand in-service training in the teaching of History essay writing, and (2) vigilant monitoring that ensures constant practice and dedicated delivery of the required skills by trainees to JC History learners in order to improve the examination results.
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Education for liberation and self-reliance: an African case - Ntabo, M.M; Munga, C.B. (2007)
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Towards education for holistic development: a desperate need for Africa - Ntamushobora, Faustin (2007)
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Gender and The Management of Higher Education Institutions in Lesotho: A Case of the National University of Lesotho - Ntimo-Makara, Matora T. (2007)
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Exploring the policy implementation paradox : the case of the Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (fCUBE) policy in Ghana - Nudzor, Hope Pius (2007)
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Family Size and Parental Education on Predisposition to Female Trafficking in Southern Nigeria - Nwadinigwe, IP; Osarenren, N; Ubangha, MB (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
This study investigated the influence of family size and parental education on predisposition to female trafficking in southern Nigeria. Stratified Random sampling procedure was used to select the 150 parents from various ethnic groups consisting of Yoruba, Igbo, Bini, and Ibibio/Efik among others. A researcher-constructed parental attitude towards female trafficking questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. One-way Analysis of Variance and Fisher's Least Square method were used to test the two hypotheses formulated for this study. The findings showed that there is no significant influence of family size on parental predisposition to female trafficking in Southern Nigeria. However, the educational status of parents had a significant effect on their predisposition to female trafficking. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that the family structure should be strengthened to continue to serve as a haven of love, security, safety and tranquillity since it is the primary institution through which every individual is socialized. In addition,, the role of the family in social rehabilitation and re-integration of victims of female trafficking must not be overlooked. It is therefore important that any scheme for rehabilitation and reintegration of victims of female trafficking must be family-centred if it is to achieve meaningful results. Keywords : Family size; female trafficking; Parental education. International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 307-317
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Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in blood donors at the University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu - Nwokediuko, Sylvester Chuks; Ibegbulam, Obike; Ugwu, Theophilus Ejiofor (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007)
Background/Aim: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In developing countries, blood transfusion is still a major route of its transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HCV infection among blood donors and to determine some of the risk factors for the acquisition of this infection. Method: This was a cross sectional study of consecutive blood donors at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu between September 1 2004 and December 31 2005. HCV antibody test was carried out using a 3rd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA-3). Results: Two hundred and sixty eight (268) blood donors participated in the study (246 males and 22 females). The seroprevalence of HCV antibody was 3.7%. Previous history of blood transfusion was more prevalent in HCV antibody positive blood donors than HCV antibody negative blood donors. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HCV antibody in blood donors in Enugu is 3.7%. Previous blood transfusion is a risk factor for acquiring the infection. Keywords : Hepatitis C Virus, Blood donors, transfusion Journal of College of Medicine Vol. 12 (2) 2007: pp. 85-88
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Cultural Practices and the HIV Epidemic in Swaziland: Student\'s Perspectives and Challenges for School Counsellors - Nyakutse, G; Malindzisa, Sindisiwe (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
HIV/AIDS is the most devastating experience that Swaziland has had to face in her history. Since the first HIV/AIDS cases were reported in the early 80s, this epidemic has been expanding relentlessly, destroying peoples lives and seriously impacting negatively on the very fabric of society. Time and resources have been expended in trying to slow down the fast advancing epidemic and yet recent statistics indicate that 42.6% of the nation is infected and that the infection rate is expected to increase (UNAIDS 2004). This study examined student\'s views on Swazi cultural beliefs and practices and how these impact on behaviour change in the light of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Using focus group discussions with high school and teacher training students this study reports their views on what they believe is contributing to the high infection rate among youths. The paper goes on to discuss the implication of the findings for school counsellor training programmes. Keywords : Cultural Practices, HIV Epidemic; Behaviour Change. International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 173-182
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The failure of poverty and education to spur Africa to sustainable development - Nyamugasira, Warren (Uganda Journal, 2007)
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Secondary school teachers' perception of the role of Kenya National Union of Teachers (KNUT): a case of Eldoret municipality - Nyamwega, Hezron Nyagaka (Maarifa (Eldoret, Kenya), 2007)
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Drought Coping Strategies at the Local Level: The Case of Masinga Division of Machakos District, Kenya - Nyaoro, Wilson; Agwata, Jones F. (2007)
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Post-Genocide Rwandan Special Education: An Historical and African Perspective - Nyarambi, Arnold; Zagumny, Lisa (2007)
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Estimating the effect of climate change on the hydrology of Ssezibwa catchment, Uganda - Nyenje, Philip M.; Batelaan, Okke (Finds and Results from the Swedish Cyprus Expedition: A Gender Perspective at the Medelhavsmuseet, 2007)
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AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS AND THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP: WHAT CAN A TEACHER DO? - O’Brien, Kathleen (2007)
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Environment and Sustainability Education in a Changing South Africa: A critical historical analysis of outline schemes for defining and guiding learning interactions - O’Donoghue, Rob (The Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, 2007)
This paper examines how, in response to emerging risk, methodological narratives for conservation (CE), environmental (EE) and now sustainability education (ESD) were constituted in diverse settings within a changing South African state. After documenting an awareness creation perspective underpinning early extension and experiential activities, the study examines shaping social processes and changing outline schemes for defining and guiding planned learning interactions (methodology) within the broadening field into the present day. The critical historical analysis developed in the study reflects a well-documented shift from early topdown (intervention/extension) to more participatory approaches (collaborative engagement/stewardship). A situated process-mapping of changing orientations also reveals characterising methodological features across the contours of an increasingly diverse field of conservation, environment and sustainability education. The maps resonate with and reflect situated learning interactions that involve: • Clarifying risk and associated information in context (situating story) • Close review of an issue as a concern (moral proximity) • Asking questions to understand the issue in context (enquiry) and • Trying out ways of doing things differently (practical engagement) The review concludes that these open-ended processes are seldom found together in community and school curriculum contexts. It thus points to a need to examine: • Learner access to available knowledge resources • Processes of close purposeful engagement and • Practice-based deliberation in the mediation of socially responsible choices Finally the study examines processes of exclusion across the outline schemes for education. Noted is the knock-on effect of the separation of people and nature at the fences of nature reserves. Here ecology developed as a conservation science of interdependence that was deployed in early awareness programmes against the unawareness of rural land management. Later perspectives reflect landscapes as intermeshed social-ecological systems at risk. Here it is somewhat ironic that the indigenous knowledge practices of rural people are often deployed as idealised models of sustainability against the wasteful practices of modern age. The analysis recasts environment and sustainability education as open processes of situated re-search and deliberative meaning-making interaction, notably reflexive social learning processes that are planned and undertaken in response to risk within in a community of practice.
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Adapting locally to global climate change : experiences from rural Africa; dialogue report - O’Neill, Mary (2007)
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Towards Regaining Learning and Correcting Leanings in the Legal Profession in Nigeria - Oba, Abdulmumini A (2007)
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Outcome of Extremity Gunshot Injuries at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - Obalum, D C; Giwa, Solomon O. (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2007)
Background: Gunshot injuries remain a common reason for prolonged hospital stay. Objective: High morbidity due mainly to infections of soft tissue and bone. Methods: This is a three year prospective morbidity and mortality study of cases of extremity gunshot injuries that presented at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2002. LUTH is the largest tertiary hospital in Lagos State. This study aims to ascess morbidity and mortality due to increasing complications associated with civilian gunshot injuries. R esults: Two hundred and forty patients with extremity gunshot injuries were studied excluding those brought in dead (BID). Most (95%) of the patients were males. Age group 21 – 40 years accounted for most cases (52.5%) of the victims of gunshot injury. The commonest complication was wound infection (20%). Chronic osteomyelitis occurred in 11.9% of those with fractures. Conclusion: The commonest complications were related to infections which resulted in considerable morbidity, Mortality was 5% and related to associated abdminal injuries. Keywords : Gunshoot injuries, Extremity, Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal Vol. 48 (1) 2007: pp. 14-16
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Institutionalization, Mainstreaming or Inclusion: Challenges for Special Education in Nigeria. - Obi, FB (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
Educating young citizens with disabilities of any nation is a special challenge. So whatever are the other pressures on the education system and on public expenditure, it is imperative for every nation to provide appropriate education for her young citizens with disabilities. It is on this note that the government of Nigeria establishment the first school for the disabled in the country in the middle of the 50s. Since then the government has come up with different programmes for children with special needs. In addition, the government has signed a number of international agreements and treaties for the provision of services for the disabled. Despite this development, they seem to be no clear cut marriage between the seemingly government policy for the provision of educational services to children with special needs and what is on ground. This study raises pertinent questions about what seems to be government policy and the ground reality of the situation. It also shows that there is no consistency between perceive policy and implementation. It highlights these discrepancies and suggests the way forward. International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 267-273
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Development Impact of Higher Education in Africa: the case of Uganda - Obowna, Marios; Ssewanyana, Sarah (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Using macro data from a series of household surveys, the paper demonstrates that to some extent there is positive correlation between per capita GDP growth and student enrollment in public universities in Uganda. It also finds that the higher education graduates employed in those sectors which have recorded higher growth rates. The higher education graduates do contribute to the economy indirectly through tax revenues which are in turn used to support social programs among others that benefit the society at large. the paper also demonstrates that the share of taxes from higher education graduates has been increasing over time...
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Development Impact of Higher Education in Africa: the case of Uganda - Obwona, Marios; Ssewanyana, Sarah (Policy briefs, 2007)
Using micro data from a series of household surveys, the paper demonstrates that to some extent there is positive correlation between per capita GDP growth and student enrolment in public universities in Uganda. It also finds that the higher education graduates are employed in those sectors which have recorded higher growth rates. The higher education graduates do contribute to the economy indirectly through tax revenues which are in turn used to support social programs among others that benefit the society at large. The paper also demonstrates that the share of taxes from highereducation graduates has been increasing over time.  The paper reveals that the returns to higher education are higher than at any other lower education levels. More importantly, university education shows the highest private returns.  As for the distribution, there are marked disparities across gender and geographical locations. There is a stronger gender disparity with nearly twice as many male students as female higher education graduates. The poorer less developed regions have a lower stock of higher education graduates as well as lower higher education enrolment rates.  Finally, the paper identifies the main sources of financing higher education in Uganda to be both government and private funds. While public higher education institutions are mostly funded from, public funds, the private institutions rely exclusively on tuitions received from students and other well-wishers. As for the public higher education institutions, while they also admit private students, they have not been able to compensate for the declining funding from the government.
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From Literacy To Life Long Learning: A Renewed Thinking For Educating The Kenyan People - Ochanda, Horace (2007)
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The influence of non -teaching staff on indiscipline among students in public secondary schools: a case of secondary schools in Masaba division Kisii district, Kenya - Ochenge, Joseph M (2007)
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A survey of school senior managers' perceptions of performance management system in schools offering British National Curriculum (BNC) in Nairobi, Kenya - Ochieng, Beatrice A (2007)
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Cross cultural training for Kenyan expartriate managers: A survey of practices among Kenyan manufacturing firms - Ochuka, Joshua O (2007)
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Higher Education Loans Board financing of university education in Kenya: the effectiveness in the loan recovery process - Odebero, Stephen O.; Sang, Anthony K.; Ngala, Fredrick B. J. (2007)
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Hookworm Infection among School Children in Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria - Odebunmi, J. F.; Adeyeba, Oluwaseyi Adegboyega (2007)
This study was carried out in two secondary schools in a sub-urban area of Vom in Jos to determine the prevalence of hookworm infection among the students. Stool and finger prick blood sample were collected by stratified random sampling and processed according to standard parasitological techniques. Out of the 463 samples colleted 15 (3.2%) were positive for hookworm with peak infection in age group 13-15 years (3.9%), followed by age group 16-18 years (3.8%) then age group 10-12 years (2.6%). There was no case of infection in the age group 22 and above? The haematocrit value reduced with infection (p<0.05). More females (6.5%) than males (1.9%) were infected and were significant (p< 0.05).
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Climate change impacts on peace and security in Africa - Odingo, Richard S (2007)
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Climate change impacts on urban development in Africa - Odingo, Richard S (2007)
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Evaluation of classroom interaction patterns at the pre-primary level of education in Nigeria - Odinko, Monica Ngozi (2007)
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Widening Access to University Education in Anglophone Africa: Problems and Prospects. - Oduaran, Akpovire; Oduaran, Choja (Convergence, 2007)
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A Comparison of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Programme in Nigeria and the Grundskola of Sweden - Oduolowu, Esther (Essays in Education, 2007)
The Universal Basic Education Programme in Nigeria and the “Grundskola” Education Programme of Sweden are situated within the large context of a global quest for Education for All (EFA). Both programmes have a fundamental principle in common, that is everybody must have access to equivalent education and both are comprehensive and co-educational. Consequently, this paper compared the UBE with the Grundskola by examining the similarities and differences, the unique features of each programme and the extent that the Nigeria UBE can benefit from the Sweden’s Grundskola proclaimed as one of the best primary education in the world. The paper discusses the objectives, curriculum content, methodology and organization and the teaching force. The paper therefore suggests that the UBE of Nigeria be strengthened with quality regulatory roles, ensure increased in enrolment into the teacher education programme with quality training, ensure better funding, review curriculum to expunge irrelevant contents and include new ones in line with global demands, entrench innovative approaches of teaching and ensure proper adherence to policy implementation.
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Prevalence of speech language impairment in African American families - Oetting, Janna B.; Pruitt, Sonja L.; Rodrigue, Tricia McCully; Garrity, April W. (2007)
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Knowledge, attitude and practice of school health programme among head teachers of primary schools in Egor local government area of Edo state, Nigeria - Ofovwe, GE; Ofili, AN (Annals of African Medicine, 2007)
Background : School health program (SHP) is an important component of the overall health care delivery system of any country. In developing countries such as Nigeria where infant and early childhood mortality is high its importance cannot be overemphasized. For this reason and the recent action plan of the Federal Government of Nigeria concerning SHP, the knowledge, attitude and practice of SHP among head teachers of primary schools in a Local Government Area in Nigeria was evaluated.Methods : A pre-tested questionnaire designed to evaluate the knowledge attitude and practice of SHP by the researchers was administered by assistants to 133 head teachers of 104 private and 29 public primary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The School premises were also inspected to check provision of pipe borne water, sick bay, toilet facilities and the adequacy of the school environments among other things.Results :None of the head teachers had adequate knowledge of SHP. 93.1% from private compared to 48.3% from public schools had poor knowledge of SHP (χ2 = 56.86, p < 0.05). A favorable attitude was demonstrated by all the teachers. Up to 40.4% of private compared to 31.0% of public schools have SHP. Overall 27.7% of the schools had no toilet facility, 33.3% had pit latrine while 40.0% had water closet. Only 25.6% had hand washing facilities. Regarding health services, 51.0% of private schools compared to 27.6% of public schools perform medical inspection of the pupils. Similarly 39.4% private compared to 3.4% public schools have sick bay (χ2 = 11.11; p < 0.05). A total of 16.5% of the schools undertake medical screening of food handlers/vendors, while 20.2% private compared to 3.4% public schools screen food handlers/vendors (χ2 = 4.47; p < 0.05).Conclusion : The poor status of SHP in Nigeria may be attributed to failure of policy enunciation, poor primary health care base and lack of supervision.
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issues, Problems and Prospects of Mother Tongue Education In Nigeria - Ogbonna, Simeon Oziri (Journal Of The Linguistic Association Of Nigeria, 2007)
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African American Education: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective - Ogbu, John U. (2007)
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Training needs of heads of department of secondary schools for effective curriculum implementation in Kenya: a case of Eldoret municipality - Ogembo, P.O.; Sang, Antony K. (2007)
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EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ARISING FROMASSOCIATED GAS FLARING ON THE ECONOMICLIFE OF THE PEOPLE OF OIL PRODUCINGCOMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA - Oghenejoboh, K. M.; Babatunde, Agbaogun; Nwaukwa, C.T. (I Control Pollution, 2007)
Air analysis were carried out around four oil flowstation flare stacks to ascertain the extent of air pollution resulting from gas flaring in the area. The analysis showed low concentrations of acid forming anions (SOx, H2S, NOx) but high ozone levels in all fields investigated. The acid-like damage to crops experienced by farmers of the host communities were attributed to the combination effect of ozone and sulphur dioxide. The analysis also show high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particulate in two of the fields investigated. This was as a result of crude carry-over to the flare due to the low viscosity of the crude from these fields. A correlation showing the effects of viscosity on the production rate of these pollutants was carried out. The correlation showed inverse relationship between the viscosity and the production of these pollutants. The effects of the analysed pollutants in the environment to the economic life and health of the inhabitants of the host communiteis is also discussed
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Education, Poverty and Development in Nigeria: The Way Forward in the 21st Century - Oghuvbu, Enamiroro Patrick (Journal of Social Sciences, 2007)
This paper focuses attention on the issues of educational objectives, causes of poverty and effect on development. It examined the effect of poverty on education and how these could promote development. Identified causes of poverty includes; political instability, manpower, wastage, illiteracy, poor leadership, mental slavery. Possible solutions that could positively resolve the relationship between poverty education development are; well formulated manpower policy, in-service programme for workers, provision of basic necessities by government, re-assessment of our economic, social, cultural and political needs. Attempts are made to show how each of these issues could be integrated into our school system to reduce poverty rate and enhance national development.
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Individual education prospects at crossroads: the case of emerging social factors in Kenya - Ogola, Fredrick O. (2007)
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West African journalism education and the quest for professional standards - Ogundimu, F. F.; Oyewo, O. Y.; Adegoke, L. (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
The rapid growth of the media sector in West Africa over the last ten years has fuelled a major demand for trained journalists and other media practitioners. This demand-supply pull has meant a remarkable expansion in the number of journalism and communications training institutions and programmes in the region. However, many questions of the last decades remain unresolved with respect to the quality as well as rigour of journalism and communications training in the region. As is shown in this brief survey, although there is sensitivity to improving the quality of journalism training in the region, little information is available publicly about how the training programmes are organised, what they offer, the sequencing of curriculum and practical internships, graduation requirements, the numbers and profile of faculty and information about accreditation standards or requirements. It is argued furthermore, there is no meaningful information about the alumni of the programmes, especially regarding their post-graduation job placements.
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West African journalism education and the quest for professional standards - Ogundimu, Folu F.; Oyewo, Olusola Yinka; Adegoke, Lawrence (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
The rapid growth of the media sector in West Africa over the last ten years has fuelled a major demand for trained journalists and other media practitioners. This demand-supply pull has meant a remarkable expansion in the number of journalism and communications training institutions and programmes in the region. However, many questions of the last decades remain unresolved with respect to the quality as well as rigour of journalism and communications training in the region. As is shown in this brief survey, although there is sensitivity to improving the quality of journalism training in the region, little information is available publicly about how the training programmes are organised, what they offer, the sequencing of curriculum and practical internships, graduation requirements, the numbers and profile of faculty and information about accreditation standards or requirements. It is argued furthermore, there is no meaningful information about the alumni of the programmes, especially regarding their post-graduation job placements.
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A Survey of the Reading Habit of Exchange Students of Government Secondary School and Queen Elizabeth School, Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria - Oguntayo, SA (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2007)
The focus of this paper is on a survey of the reading habit of exchange students of Government Secondary School and Queen Elizabeth School, Ilorin Kwara State. The students were drawn from seventeen states in Northern Nigeria. Causes of the low reading habit were identified, highlighted and the effects on their academic perfonnance discussed. Questionnaires were administered on 188 respondents. It was recommended that government should implement the provision in the National Policy on Education (1981) by establishing school libraries, and adequately equipping the existing ones. Teachers are to be given in-service training on the organization and management of school libraries. Also both Government and Non-Government organisations in volved in readers hip promotion should collaborate with the National Library of Nigeria in executing the programme.
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Sewero La-ma-u - a phonetic approach to literacy teaching in Zambia - Ojanen, Emma (2007)
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Educating modern Kenyans: Dr. Geoffrey William Griffin and Starehe Boys Centre and School - Ojiambo, Peter C. (2007)
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Effect of farm size and crude oil pollution on the poverty level of the farmers in Rivers State of Nigeria. - Ojimba, Thankgod Peter (Acta Agronomica Nigeriana, 2007)
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Assessing the Impact of In-Service Training on Staff Performance at University of Education, Winneba Campus, Ghana - Okae-Anti, C. (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
In-Service training (INSET) is an important means through which staff are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to improve overall goals and departmental objectives. The extent to which INSET achieves or impacts on organisational and individual performance is often questioned. Winneba Winneba Campus. Using an open and closed questionnaire, views where solicited from the non-teaching staff on the effectiveness of the forms of training method/delivery; impact on task/job) and how it had enhanced job as well as career development of staff. Descriptive statistics was used in the analysis. The outcome was that training had an impact on staff performance in terms of knowledge and skills gained. It was recommended that more research is undertaken on all UEW campuses to add to both literature and knowledge of INSET. Keywords : Staff Performance, In-Service Training, Staff Development International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 217-224
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Experiences and challenges in development and delivery of extension/education services in Kenya. - Okello, Walter; Pearson, R. A.; Muir, C. J.; Farrow, M. (2007)
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Sacred and secular currents for theological education in Africa - Okesson, Gregg A. (Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 2007)
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Chapter 5: Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa: Retrospect and Prospect - Oketch, Moses; Rolleston, Caine (Review of Research in Education, 2007)
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Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa. - Oketch, Moses; Rolleston, Caine (2007)
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A 4-year analysis of caesarean delivery in a Nigerian teaching hospital: One-quarter of babies born surgically - Okezie, A. O.; Oyefara, B.; Chigbu, Chibuike O. (Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2007)
Between January 2001 and December 2004, a total of 2,922 deliveries were conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu. Caesarean section accounted for 740 deliveries, an incidence of 25.3%. A total of 62.2% of caesarean sections were done as emergencies, while 37.8% were done as elective procedures and 64.8% were booked patients. Repeat caesarean sections accounted for 59.2% of elective cases and 18.7% of emergency cases. Fetal distress was responsible for 11. 6% of emergency cases, however 35.6% of babies delivered for clinically diagnosed fetal distress had Apgar scores 7 and above. A total of 85.6% of patients were between 25 - 29 years of age; 31% were primigravida, while 54.4% were Gravida 2 - 4. There were seven (0.6%) maternal deaths and 73 (9.2%) stillbirths. It was concluded that reduction of primary caesarean section rate and repeat caesarean rates should be the main target of any strategy to reduce caesarean section rate. Other measures to reduce the caesarean section rate and recommendations are discussed.
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Uses and gratifications of the internet among college students in Kenya. - Okinda, Thomas Ibrahim (2007)
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Gender Disparity in Nigerian Education: Women’s Experience of Barriers to Equal Educational Opportunity - Okoli, Eugene (2007)
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How Teachers Understand, Respond to, and Implement Values Education in Kenyan Schools - Okore, Maggie; Jansen, Jonathan D. (2007)
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Sexual Behaviour and Contraceptive Usage of Secondary School Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria - Oladokun; Io; Morhason-Bello; Enakpene; Owonikoko; Jø; Akinyemi; Ka; Obisesan (生殖与避孕：英文版, 2007)
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Management Issues in Nigerian School Librarianship: Challenges for School Librarians in the Millennium - Olaojo, PO; Idada, D. A. (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2007)
This paper revealed the complex nature of library management in general with particular reference to school library. The qualities expected of a good school librarian were carefully listed. Also, the need for efficiency in school library administration was discussed while attempts were made to identify some managerial challenges ahead of the school librarian in the present millennium. Recommendations made are as follows: adequate funding should be provided by the founding institution; lCT facilities must be provided for processing and dissemination of information; formulation of functional collection development policy should be encouraged at the school library level; school heads should locate themselves at the centre the school library activities because such efforts are mostly rewarding hence the duo should collaborate; school are encouraged to recruit well-trained librarians and support them in their effort to further improve their' skills and competence; and teacher, school 'librarians' curricula should be tailored in line with the identified millenium challenges. This paper concluded that only those librarians that are receptive to professional developments would be able to cope with the future dictates of the librarianship profession.
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Integrating faith and learning at a private Christian university in Nigeria: Patterns of institutionalization - Olaore, Israel Bamidele (2007)
Institutionalization of curricular or pedagogical innovation or reform occurs at three different levels in an organization, the regulative institutionalization which occurs as compliance by expediency, normative institutionalization which occurs as compliance by moral or legal appropriateness and cognitive institutionalization which occurs as compliance by conceptual correctness. The cognitive level is most the desirable because at that level the values and norms of the organization are manifested in the beliefs and behaviors of individuals in the organization. This research study examined the patterns of institutionalization of integration of faith and learning as a curricular and pedagogical model among faculty members at a private Christian liberal arts university in Nigeria, West Africa. Five patterns of integration of faith and learning emerged from the study compared to eight patterns of institutionalization that emerged in a similar study of four religious research universities in the United States by the team of Ream, Beaty and Lyon (2004). The findings suggest that the level of institutionalization manifested and perceivable in the Nigerian study is at the regulative institutionalization level due to the fact that the beliefs and the behaviors of the faculty members are non-congruent to the expected beliefs and behaviors compatible with the institutionalization of the integration of faith and learning curricular and pedagogical model. Even though the ‘fear of God’ emerged as one of the dominant themes articulated by some of the faculty members in the study, four other emergent themes articulated the need to find a balance between religious integration and academic excellence. The findings suggest Seventh-day Adventists faculty members struggle
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Assess the effectiveness of the curriculum of physical education and sports for the students of secondary education at the center of the mandate of the happy / Algeria - Olive, Abdelkader (Sciences Journal Of Physical Education, 2007)
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Labour turnover among university teachers in Southwestern Nigeria: issues, solutions and lessons - Ologunde, Adedoyin Olusola; Asaolu, Taiwo Olufemi; Elumilade, D.O. (African Journal of Public Administration and Management, 2007)
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ICT and Distance Education Programs in a Sub-Saharan African Country: A Theoretical Perspective - Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince; Ubogu, Andrew Egba (2007)
Researchers examined the domain of open and distance education programs in Nigeria. The introduction of ICT usage and its integration and diffusion have initiated a new age in educational methodologies and have radically changed traditional methods of teaching and learning patterns in the domain as well as offering contemporary learning experiences to both instructors and students. The discussions were made in terms of (a) the contexts of distance education in Nigeria (b) the challenges facing ICT usage, integration and diffusion and (c) the need to consider policies’ outcomes when evaluating distance education programs. The study was carried out using a qualitative research method; the uses of document materials and observation were an essential part of the instruments for data gathering. The study found that the high hopes and enthusiasm for open and distance education are interfered with as the nation is faced with inadequacies in essential services and infrastructures: electricity, postal and telecommunication services and so on. However, there is an ongoing traditional development in distance education resources.
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Intellectually Retarded Education in Nigeria: Past, Present, and Future - Olubukola, Dada (2007)
Historically, the persons with intellectual retardation have been neglected in most cultures. In our African culture for instance families were concerned about their image in the society. So, they manage to hide their retarded members in the home environment. Today, the education of the intellectually retarded has recorded significant achievement despite the undeniable successes education of children with intellectual retardation is still being hindered by social prejudices and discriminations. This paper highlights the myriads of obstacles and challenges facing their education. The presenter therefore recommends way to improve the quality of their education for the future.
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Nigerian College Students’ Attitudes toward Love, Marriage and Sexual Relations: - Olusakin, A.M (2007)
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Nigerian College Students\' Attitudes about Love, Marriage and Sexual Relations: Implications for Family Counselors - Olusakin, AM; Parmer, Twinet (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
214 (116 females and 98 males) Nigerian college students enrolled in three Nigerian universities responded to a questionnaire designed to replicate a previous study of African- American college students' attitudes about love, marriage and sexual relations. The results showed that in agreement with previous studies, none of the variables of love and marriage were significant for gender. However, when controlling for educational level, the graduate students were more likely to answer “No” to the question “Would you marry someone for qualities other than love?” and reported being more influenced by the media in relationships. A significantly higher number of females more than males agreed on the value of a satisfying sexual relationship due to love but more males than females responded “No” to the statement “Love is important to satisfying sexual relationships”. The premarital and marriage counseling implications were discussed. Keywords : Nigerian college students; attitudes; love; marriage; sexual relationships;counseling International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (1) 2007 pp. 35-46
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Astronomy Research and Education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Oluseyi, Hakeem M.; Murabona, Susan (2007)
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The causes and outcomes of cancellation of orthopaedic surgeries at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Oluwadiya, Kehinde Sunday; Aa, Olasinde; Oa, Olakulehin; Olatoke, Samuel; Lm, Oginni; F, Ako (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
Cancellation of cases on the scheduled day of surgery leads to an inefficient utilisation of scarce hospital and patient's resources. Identifying the causes of such cancellations will assist in taking steps to avoid them.This is a retrospective study spanning 10 years. Record was taken of all patients who had orthopaedic surgery at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife Nigeria. The age, sex, type of operation, whether or not the surgery was ever postponed or cancelled, the duration and reasons for such postponements and the duration of admission were collated and analysed.Five hundred and fifty two (40.8%) of the 1,353 orthopaedic patients scheduled for surgery experienced cancellation. The most common reasons were attributable to the hospital (48.7%) mainly due to infrastructural breakdown (28.7%) and procedural lapses by hospital personnel (20.0%). Self cancellation by patient (37.8%) followed and was mainly due to financial constraints (25.6%). Upper respiratory tract infections were responsible for the cancellation in 8.6%. These delays were responsible for more than 30% of the duration of admission in 93 (16.8%) patients.The incidence of postponement of cases on the scheduled day of surgery is still high. Most of the causes are preventable. Better infrastructural facilities, enhanced interdepartmental communication and improved attitude to work would reduce the rate and thus enhance utilisation of theatre space.
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Evaluation of drought and high temperature resistances in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers) for Sahel, Africa. - Omae, Hide; Kashiwaba, Kouichi; Shono, Masayuki; Ahmed, K. Z. (8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007, 2007)
Physiological responses were studied in temperature-controlled glass house at Okinawa, Japan to evaluate drought and high temperature resistances of cowpea cultivar/strains for Sahel, Africa. Four drought-tolerant cowpea cultivar/strains (cv. TVu-11986; TVu-11979; IT-96D-604 and Dan Illa), and three sensible strains (cv. IT96K-238-3, IT96K-231-1 and TVu-7778) were grown in pots and imposed to drought (soil content; 9.7±1.9%(w/w)), high (30/26°C, day/night, 12/12 hour), normal (27/23°C, control) and low (24/20°C) temperature conditions after flowering. Plant fresh weight reduced 80%, 26% and 1% by dry, high and low temperature, respectively. Stem diameter decreased 32% and 2% by dry and low temperature, respectively, but increased 5% by high temperature. Difference between the drought tolerant and sensible cultivars/strains, pre-evaluated by IITA, was explained by relationship between stem diameter and plant fresh weight with 77% of reliability. The 35% of misclassification were due to misjudgment of drought tolerant as sensible in dry plot. The stem diameter highly correlated with all parts of plant weight in all regimes except in dry treatment. Difference of the classification between IITA and our results may cause different survival strategy against drought. The cultivars/strains, evaluated as drought tolerant by IITA, might fatten up at early stage, and could avoid from drought at latter growing stage.
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Hearing impairment among mill workers in small scale enterprises in southwest Nigeria - Omokhodion, Folashade O.; Adeosun, AA; Fajola, AA (Noise & Health, 2007)
This cross-sectional study was conducted among mill workers in a large market in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. These workers are engaged in small scale businesses with little or no regulation of work exposures. Questionnaires administered to mill workers sought information on personal characteristics, length of time engaged in the job, type of milling done and symptoms of hearing impairment. Noise exposure and hearing impairment were assessed among 85 mill workers. Audiometry was done on mill workers and 45 controls with no known exposure to noise and no history of aural disease. Noise levels at work stations ranged from 88-90dB for small mills and 101-105 for larger mills. None of the workers used hearing protection. Analysis based on total number of ears showed that 56% of the workers had hearing impairment ranging from mild (49%) moderate (6.4%) to severe (0.6%) whilst 33% of the controls had hearing impairment which was mild (26%), moderate (7%) and no severe losses, P = 0.001. There was no association between age and hearing impairment but prevalence of hearing impairment was highest among those who had been engaged in the trade for more than 20 years. There is a need for regulation of small scale enterprises to protect the health of workers. Health education and provision of low cost ear plugs will reduce the occurrence and severity of hearing impairment among these low income workers.
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Relationship between preoperative education and perioperative anxiety in surgical patients at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya - Omondi, La. (2007)
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Financial reporting in public primary schools in Kenya and the audit expectation gap: a survey of public primary schools in Nairobi. - Omoro, Nixon (2007)
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Sign language interpretation services for children with hearing impairment in inclusive secondary high schools : a case study on the challenges faced by sign language interpreters in one secondary high school - Uganda - Omugur, Julius Patrick (2007)
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Relevance of Science, engineering and Technology Training to Development Challenges in Africa. - Omwenga, Elijah (2007)
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The Kenyan Social Funds: The Financing Mechanisms For The Youth, Women And Persons With Disabilities - Ongeri, B (2007)
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Education: A Tool for Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria - Oni, Adesoji (Perspectives in Education, 2007)
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Socio-Economic Status as Predictor of Deviant Behaviours among Nigeria Secondary School Students - Oni, Adesoji (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The study investigated socio-economic status as predictor of deviant behaviours among Nigeria secondary school students. The subject were sixty five students with an age range of 10 – 19 years drawn from Senior secondary school (SSS) 1 – III in four secondary schools in Oyo State. The subjects were selected from those whose names had been found to occur many times in the school punishment books. A self-constructed bio/data questionnaire, a modified Obanya's (1976) socio-economic status rating scale, and a modified Nwana (1975) deviant behaviour rating scale was used for data collection. The data collected was analysed using the chi-square statistics to test the two hypotheses used in the study. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the level/rate of deviant behaviour among students from high, middle, and low socio-economics status Keywords : Socio- Economic, Status, Predictor, Deviant Behaviour, Secondary School, Students, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 225-236
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Globilization and Its Implications for Vocational Education in Nigeria - Oni, C. S. (Essays in Education, 2007)
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Energy intake and energy expenditure of institutionalized female adolescents in a Nigerian secondary school. - Onimawo, I.A.; Ukegbu, PO (Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment, 2007)
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Challenges in HIV post-exposure prophylaxis for occupational injuries in a large teaching hospital in Malawi - Oosterhout, Joep J. G. van; Nyirenda, Mulinda; Beadsworth, Michael; Kanyangalika, Joseph K; Kumwenda, Johnstone J; Zijlstra, Eduard E. (Tropical Doctor, 2007)
We describe the evaluation of the HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) programme for occupational injuries in Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. An audit was performed 1 year after introduction, by reviewing files of all clients who sought advice regarding PEP. In addition, the incidence of occupational injuries and awareness of the programme were assessed through interviews with nurses. The logistics of the programme were adequate. Of 29 clients who reported occupational injuries,19 started PEP. Only double antiretroviral drug therapy was available; side-effects were common but generally mild. Attendance of scheduled follow-up visits was poor, and few HIV test results after completion of PEP were obtained. Interviews with nurses revealed a high incidence of occupational injuries, but many did not report for advice about PEP; mostly because of unawareness of the programme and a reluctance to be tested for HIV.
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Using delta30Si to follow the soil-plant Si cycling in a weathering sequence of volcanic ash soils, Cameroon - Opfergelt, Sophie; Delvaux, Bruno; Cardinal, Damien; André, Luc (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007)
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School and gender differences in mathematics achievement among primary-five pupils of Uganda - Opolot-Okurut, Charles (2007)
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Teachers’ Experience of Working With Underachieving Students: A Comparative Phenomenological Study of Teachers in South Africa, Russia, and the United States - Oreshkina, Maria (2007)
This research project presents three phenomenological studies: (1) teachers’ experience of working with underachieving students in South Africa, (2) teachers’ experience of working with underachieving students in Russia, and (3) teachers’ experience of working with underachieving students in the United States. It also involves a comparative study of teachers’ experience of working with underachieving students in the three countries. All teacher participants in these studies were recommended as expert teachers who displayed qualities of teacher professionalism such as (1) commitment to learners; (2) the ability to make decisions in complex and ill-defined contexts; (3) reflective practice; and (4) a body of specialized knowledge (Ingersoll, 2003). The first three studies employed an existential phenomenological research methodology for studying experience. This methodology gave an opportunity to identify the thematic structure of teachers’ experience for each country and to provide a nondualistic description of the experience of teachers working with underachieving students. A comparison of the three thematic structures provided an opportunity to describe invariant themes of that experience. Similarities identified in the thematic descriptions of teachers’ experience allowed the introduction of the concept culture of the classroom which included the following characteristics: (1) holistic approach to students; (2) creating a safe place for learning and taking time to establish a relationship with students; (3) teachers’ focus on students learning; (4) helping students become independent self-reliant individuals; (4) teachers’ involvement in students’ lives; (5) teachers and students growing and changing together;
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Pastoral livelihood adaptation to drought and institutional interventions in Kenya - Orindi, Victor; Nyong, Anthony; Herrero, Mario (Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007), 2007)
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Fresh Perspectives Issue 5. African air-freight of fresh produce:Is transport of 'virtual' watercausing drought? - Orr, Stuart; Chapagain, A. (2007)
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Determination of optimum schools fees in Nigerian private schools - Osagiede, Augustine A.; Ekhosuehi, Virtue U. (International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2007)
There is the need to understand how private schools in Nigeria survive since government does not give out grants or subvention to them. Their major source of revenue is school fees. In this study, we derive a formula to determine the optimum school fees to be charged in private schools. The conceptual background of the formula so derived is very strong as it incorporates the profit – seeking motive of proprietors. To assist the planner in projecting future resources for education, micro level cost analysis at the school level is recommended. IJONAS Vol. 3 (1) 2007: pp. 81-84
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SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHER PREPARATION IN TANZANIA : Lessons from teacher improvement projects in Tanzania: 1965-2006 - Osaki, Kalafunja (2007)
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Thiazolidinediones increase hepatic insulin extraction in African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pilot study of rosiglitazone - Osei, Kwame; Gaillard, Trudy; Schuster, Dara (Metabolism, 2007)
Peripheral insulin levels are determined by beta-cell secretion, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic insulin extraction (HIE). We have previously shown that whereas sulfonylureas reduce insulin extraction, metformin enhances HIE. However, the effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on HIE remain uncertain. Thus, we investigated the potential contribution of hepatic insulin clearance to peripheral insulin levels during rosiglitazone therapy in African Americans with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study was composed of 12 first-degree relatives with IGT and 17 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Nineteen healthy relatives with normal glucose tolerance served as controls. Serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, and HIE (C-peptide-insulin molar ratios) were measured at t = 0 and 120 minutes during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in all the subjects. The OGTT was performed before and after 3 months of rosiglitazone therapy (4 mg/d x 4 weeks and >8 mg/d x 8 weeks) in patients with IGT and type 2 DM. Insulin resistance index and beta-cell function were calculated in each subject using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Rosiglitazone therapy improved but did not normalize the overall glycemic control in the IGT and type 2 DM groups. After rosiglitazone therapy, the mean serum insulin and C-peptide levels at fasting remained unchanged. However, the 2-hour serum glucose and insulin were lower, whereas serum C-peptide was unchanged during 3 months of rosiglitazone treatment. Mean insulin resistance index of HOMA was reduced by 30% (4.12 +/- 1.95 vs 6.33 +/- 3.54, P < .05) in the type 2 DM group and by 21% (3.78 +/- 2.45 vs 4.81 +/- 3.49, P = NS) in the IGT group. Mean HIE values were significantly lower (70%) in the type 2 DM and IGT groups when compared with the normal glucose tolerance group. At 3 months, basal HIE was not significantly changed by rosiglitazone therapy in IGT and type 2 DM groups when compared with the baseline (0 month). However, rosiglitazone therapy was associated with increased HIE at 2 hours during OGTT by 40% and 30% in the IGT and type 2 DM groups, respectively, from the baseline (0 month) values. Furthermore, HIE inversely correlated with the insulin resistance index of HOMA (r = -.46, P < .05). We conclude that rosiglitazone therapy improved overall glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity in patients with IGT and type 2 DM. Although basal HIE remained unchanged, rosiglitazone therapy increased postglucose challenge HIE in African Americans with IGT and type 2 DM. We speculate that TZDs increase insulin clearance or HIE after oral glucose challenge. This study suggests that in addition to insulin sensitization, rosiglitazone may be involved in insulin metabolism. The significance of the increased insulin clearance by TZD therapy remains uncertain and deserves further investigation in patients with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
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