Urinary Schistosomiasis Among School Age Children In Ebonyi State, Nigeria (The Internet journal of laboratory medicine, 2007)
Infection is one of the major public health problems facing developing countries, with school age children at greatest risk. A survey of S. haematobium infection was conducted among school children in Ohaukwu and Onicha in Ebonyi State, Nigeria using standard techniques. Of the combined total of 876 pupils examined, 235(26.8%, 95% CI., 23.9-29.7%) were infected with S. haematobium. A total of 129 (27.01%, 95% CI., 23.0-31.0%) males and 106 (26.6%, 95% CI., 22.3-30.9%) females were infected. The prevalence of the infection was significantly higher in Ohaukwu than Onicha (47.9%,95% CI., 42.9-52.9% versus 11.0%, 95% CI., 8.3-13.7%) (χ2 =148.6, df =1, P < 0.05). Individuals aged 5-10years old were more likely to be infected and the intensity of the infection was higher among the males. To control urinary schistosomiasis, methodologies and managerial tools should be integrated to improve preventive strategies, with emphases on health education, information and communication.
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White money/black power: the surprising history of African American studies and the crisis of race in higher education (Choice Reviews Online, 2007)
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Problem Based Learning: Aew Method of Medical Education in Sudan (Part 2) - A, El Mirghani (2007)
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The Discourse of Whole Class Teaching: A Comparative Study of Kenyan and Nigerian Primary English Lessons - Abd‐Kadir, Jan; Hardman, Frank (Language and Education, 2007)
This paper explores the discourse of whole class teaching in Kenyan and Nigerian primary school English lessons. Twenty lessons were analysed using a system of discourse analysis focusing on the teacher-led three-part exchange sequence of Initiation – Response – Feedback (IRF). The focus of the analysis was on the first and third part of the IRF sequence as it is here that research suggests teachers can enhance pupil learning through questions and follow-up which asks pupils to expand on their thinking, justify or clarify their opinions, or make connections to their own experiences. The findings suggest that teacher questions were mainly closed requiring recall of information and teacher follow-up, where it occurred, often consisting of a low level evaluation of a pupil response, thereby severely constraining opportunities for pupil participation in the classroom discourse and higher order thinking. The implications of the findings are considered in the light of their impact on classroom pedagogy and the professional development of Kenyan and Nigerian primary teachers.
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THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE DISPOSAL MATERIALS IN EGYPT - Abdel, Mohamed; Mohamed, G. El-Feky (2007)
Oil and gas extraction and processing operations sometimes accumulate naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) at concen- trations above normal in by-product waste streams. There are number of industries generates NORM contaminated waste in Egypt. Trench was used The aim of this work is to calculate the risk and dose assessment received from trench disposal facility and salt caverns due to the climate changes after direct closure and after post closure (1000 year). RESRAD computer code with two different scenarios was used for this purpose. Results of this assess- ment can be helped to examine policy issues concerning different options and regulation of NORM contaminated wastes generated by petroleum industry in Egypt. 1. Introduction Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is found in air and in soil. Oil and gas production and processing operations sometimes accumu- late NORM at elevated concentrations in the by-product waste streams. The sources of most of the radioactivity are the isotopes of uranium-238 and thorium-232, which are naturally present in subsurface formations in which oil and gas are produced. The primary radionuclides of concern in NORM wastes are radium-226 of the U-238 decay series and radium-228 of the Th- 232 decay series. Other radionuclides of concern include radionuclides that form due to decay of Ra-226 and Ra-228, such as radon-222 (Rn-222). The production waste streams which include produced water, scale, and sludge (Smith et al., 1997) are most likely contaminated by elevated radium con- centrations. Radium, which is slightly soluble, can be mobilized in the liquid phase of a formation and transported to the surface in the produced water
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Af soomaali aan ku hadalno (hadallo) : Let's speak Somali : a multidimensional approach to the teaching and learning of Somali as a foreign language - Abdinoor, Abdullahi (2007)
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Constructing Education in a Stateless Society: The Case of Somalia - Abdinoor, Abdullahi (2007)
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Constructing Education in a Stateless Society: The Case of Somalia - Abdinoor, Abdullahi (2007)
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Legal History: Part I A Teaching Material for the Undergraduate Course in Legal History in Ethiopian Law Schools - Abdo, Muradu (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
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Legal History: Part II a Teaching Material for the Undergraduate Course in Legal History in Ethiopian Law Schools - Abdo, Muradu (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
This course is a critical survey of the major past and present legal traditions of the world. It identifies and explains the central problems those legal traditions faced; the type of solutions they gave to such problems and the reasons why they chose those solutions. Identifying the key issues encountered by past legal systems and the solutions offered thereto is hoped to throw light on the foundations of the Ethiopian legal system since some major legal traditions have a tremendous influence over the same. In so doing, the course conveys the message that the Ethiopian legal system may not be properly appreciated without some knowledge about major legal traditions of the world. The course discusses the story of how non-western legal traditions such as the African customary law tradition and religious law traditions (e.g. the Islamic law tradition) were affected by the western legal thinking especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. Moreover, this course analyses such core concepts as legal history, legal tradition, legal system and legal transplantation in addition to examining the concepts of legal convergence and legal divergence, meaning the various forces which bring together and drift apart the principal legal traditions of the world.The course emphasizes the significance of understanding past legal systems for an enhanced appreciation of present legal orders. It seeks to direct the attention of students to the co-existence of multiple legal orders in multiethnic countries such as Ethiopia. The course seeks to stimulate students to be appreciative of and sensitive to diverse legal traditions.
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The role of private sector in the provision of primary education in Ghana - Abdul-Karim, Sulemana Bangna (2007)
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Comparative Study of Czech and Libyan Students in the Context of Some Frequent Types of Injuries in Sport Activities - Abdulkarim, Blgasem Mohamed Baba (2007)
One of the most important features of our modern era is the competition between individuals and countries aiming at the development and advancement of all aspects of life. Physical education and sports is one of the areas where many scholars and researches have conducted a lot of researches and studies to find solutions for the problems facing humanity. Sports injuries” are injuries that happen when playing sports or exercising. Some are from accidents. Others can result from poor training practices or improper gear. Some people get injured when they are not in proper condition. Not warming up or stretching enough before one plays or exercises can also lead to injuries. Many injuries are caused by weak muscle which simple are not ready to handle the specific of your sport, some times the causes comes from accident ,also when the students are not in well prepared condition , or not warming up. Some of them are causes favoring the Occurrence of the injury, and others are direct causes to the occurrence of the injury. Whether this injuries can be by contact with other bodies, the floor or ground, or Sporting equipment. The students' programme in colleges and different departments of Physical Education Colleges during the years of study, including many physical and sport programmer which are part of the general programmed that qualifies the students to obtain their Bachelor degree or high Diploma in Physical Education are the studied topic. While trying to apply the curriculum and the practical part of it, many students suffer from different injuries in different parts of the body e.g. bones, muscles etc. and these injuries differ according to the physical practice and nature of the programmer. The researcher intends to compare these types of injuries and the reasons behind them
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Learning organization : a study on the perceptions of organizational learning practices among Yemeni university librarians / Khaled Ateik Saeed Abdullah - Abdullah, Khaled Ateik Saeed (2007)
This study seeks to explore librarians perceptions of organizational learning practices in Yemeni university libraries, and its relationship with knowledge performance. Particularly, the study explores whether dimensions of learning organization based on the seven imperatives proposed by Watkins and Marsick are present independently and at the individual, team, and organizational levels in Yemeni university libraries, and to explore if there is a relationship between the learning organization dimensions and knowledge performance. The researcher translated into Arabic the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) for data collection. Data of the study were gathered from all 18 Yemeni university libraries (7 public and 11 private). A total of 198 respondents from both senior and middle-level librarians participated in this study with a response rate of 72%. For descriptive and inferential statistics, the researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13, while for Confirmatory Factory Analysis; Analysis of MOment Structures Statistical Program (AMOS) version 4.01 was used. The results of the study showed that the presence of learning practices were not enough to indicate that the Yemeni university libraries do have learning organization dimensions characteristics. The dimension with the highest average score was inquiry and dialogue (mean=4. 14) while the lowest dimension score was for empowerment (mean=3.23). The level of learning with the highest average score was team or group level (mean3.91) followed by individual level (mean3.81), and the lowest was organizational level (mean3.44). Correlation analysis showed that all seven dimensions (except enquiry and dialogue has weak relationship) have a moderately positive and significant relationship with knowledge performance at pvalue <0.01. Furthermore, the three levels of learning have moderate positive and significant relationship with knowledge performance at p-value < 0.01. The outcomes of this study will help Human Research Development practitioners, staff and leaders of Yemeni university libraries and their stakeholders in fostering their understanding of the importance of the learning organization and its correlation to knowledge performance.
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The Effects of Good Governance and Education on Economic Stability and Growth in Nigeria - Abdullahi, Salisu (2007)
Ultimately, the Nigerian Constitution acts as a catalyst that engenders national consciousness, political reconstruction/participation and economic growth/stability, in addition to providing the structure and function of government. Therefore there is the need for Nigerians to demonstrate a commitment to the democratic principles and economic goals, and to develop the skills and values needed to sustain a constitutional democratic nation through a well-articulated social and democratic education. NESG Economic Indicators Vol. 13 (1) 2007: pp. 33-37
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Sex Role Orientation among Selected Student Counsellors in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria - Abe, Isamu (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The study focused on the sex-role status of selected student counsellors in Lagos metropolis. A total of 60 participants, drawn from the University of Lagos and Lagos State University were involved in the study. Bem's Sex-Role Inventory BSRI (1994) was used to collect relevant data. Three assumptions were tested using simple percentage and the Chi-square test at the 0.05 alpha level. The findings, the subjects appeared sex-stereotypic, neither did their gender nor parental education influence their sex-role status. Based on the findings, certain recommendations were made. Keywords : Sex role orientation, sex role status, sex stereotype International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (1) 2007 pp. 135-145
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Reproductive and sexual health needs of women with physical disabilities in Gaza. - Abed, Itaf (2007)
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Pollution status of Tinishu Akaki River and its tributaries (Ethiopia) evaluated using physicochemical parameters, major ions, and nutrients - Abegaz, Samuel (2007)
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Spatial Cost Effectiveness in the Location of Regional Infrastructure - the Case of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Abegunde, Albert Ayorinde (2007)
SUMMARY The study examined the spatial cost effectiveness in the location of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria (UNTH,Enugu). Using random sampling technique, it systematically sampled 443 respondents through administration of two sets of structured questionnaires to both staff and patrons of the health institution respectively. Crosstabulation was used to interpret the distance decay effects of patronage in relation to income of respondents while chi square and correlation matrix were employed to establish the effects of locations where respondents hailed from on their level of patronage in UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. Findings revealed that groups of respondents earning highest monthly income {37,500-45,000 Naira (6.6%) and above 45,000 Naira (0.7%)} hailed from distant locations of 500-1000kilometres to where the teaching hospital was located. Nearly half of the residents earned below 22,501 Naira monthly and hailed from locations less than 501kilometres from the teaching hospital. This indicates that only the poor people located close to UNTH, Enugu could afford to patronize the hospital. The correlation matrix shows a negative correlation of –0.0240 at a significant level of 0.000 between distance and hospital patronage. A negative correlation of –0.197 at a significant level of 0.000 also existed between distance and frequency of visit. Again, the table shows a negative correlation of –0.087 with a significance level of 0.067 between transport cost distance to UNTH,Enugu. These show that there was a significant relationship between distance and patronage as at the time of this study. The negative correlation deduces that a decrease in distance leads to an increase in patronage, and that due to increase in transport cost. Similarly, a unit increase in distance and transport cost leads to a decrease in patronage. This also shows that patrons would travel to hospitals that were nearest to their residential locations where transport cost is least. The calculated Chi-square value of 85.27 was significant at 0.004 level which was less than 0.05. These show that there was a significant relationship between distance and patronage of respondents in UNTH, Enugu. The paper recommended that the income of residents among others in their socio economic attributes should be considered in locating regional infrastructure that intends to have higher order of coverage in its services to the people.
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An Evaluation of the Senior Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum in Nigeria. - Abidoye, Grace O. (2007)
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Le droit social du handicap en Côte d'Ivoire - Abissa, Kouamé Hervé (2007)
On entend par personne handicapee, toute personne ayant une deficience susceptible de compromettre ses chances d'obtention d'un emploi. C'est pourquoi la necessite d'un droit specifique a cette categorie de personnes s'avere evidente si la societe veut rendre effective leur droit a l'egalite des chances. C'est la finalite de la loi ivoirienne de 1998 d'orientation en faveur des personnes handicapees fondee essentiellement sur la discrimination positive. Il s'agit de contraindre les entreprises a embaucher des handicapes dans leur entreprise. Cependant, cette loi est loin du compte car la non prise en compte d'une vision globale risque de fragiliser le droit du handicap. On pourrait suggerer la question de la preuve de la discrimination qui appelle une reforme. Difficile en effet au handicape de prouver la discrimination a l'emploi fonde sur le handicap lorsque cette discrimination est masquee. Par ailleurs, sans vouloir nier les consequences invalidantes d'accidents ou de pathologies, force est d'admettre que l'autonomie de la personne et ses chances d'integration restent largement tributaires de son cadre de vie. Aujourd'hui, l'on parle de plus en plus de situation de handicap et non de handicapes. Le handicap n'est plus lie a un probleme de sante et aux deficiences organiques ou mentales de la personne mais a l'environnement dans lequel cette personne se trouve. Nous sommes de plus en plus dans un concept sociologique qui prend en compte la situation et non le handicap. On recherche des reponses sociales et non medicales aux problemes des handicapes. C'est pourquoi, une vision globale du droit du handicap s'impose si la Cote d'Ivoire veut se doter d'une legislation du handicap efficace.
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Responses adopted by private universities in Kenya to cope with the changing higher education environment - Abong’o, Everlyn B (2007)
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Financing basic teacher education in Ghana: looking beyond traditional funding sources. - Abukari, Abdulai (2007)
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Financing basic teacher education in Ghana: looking beyond traditional funding sources. - Abukari, Abdulai (2007)
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THE USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) FOR QUALITY EDUCATION IN CAMEROON STATE UNIVERSITIES - Achale, Otang Ebot; Lilly, Chongwain (2007)
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Human Resources Factor in the Development of Appropriate Information Literacy Skills of the Nigerian School-Child; The Role of the Teacher-Librarian - Achebe, N (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2007)
Discussions on information literacy skills of the School child in Nigeria bring to mind a composite requirement of relevant human resource in the school library. The stakeholders have been identified as veritable human resource in the school library that should encourage the Teacher-Librarian to carry out effective library services of inculating a ppropriate information literacy skills in the school child.
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Female gender vulnerability and challenges of HIV/AIDS to health, education and development in Kenya - Achoka, J. S. K. (2007)
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Factors affecting implementation of training programmes in the public service: the case of president’s office public service management in Tanzania - Adam, Adella Mkude (2007)
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Motivating at-risk African American secondary students to succeed: A qualitative case study of student perceptions of motivational strategies within an advocacy classroom - Adams, Celeste Ajuanta (2007)
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MYCOBACTERIAL SPECIES CAUSING PULMONARY TUBER- CULOSIS AT THE KORLE BU TEACHING HOSPITAL, ACCRA, GHANA - Addo, Kennedy Kwasi; Owusu-Darko, K; Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy; Caulley, P; Minami, Masaki; Bonsu, Frank; Leinhardt, C.; Akpedonu, P; Ofori‐Adjei, David; African, West (2007)
K.K. ADDO, K. OWUSU-DARKO, D. YEBOAH-MANU, P. CAULLEY, M. MINAMIKAWA, F. BONSU, C. LEINHARDT, P. AKPEDONU and D. OFORI-ADJEI Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana, National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Korle-Bu, Ghana, National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Korle-Bu, Ghana and West African TB Research Initiative, Dakar, Senegal
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West African Bioethics Training Program: Raison D'être. - Adebamowo, Clement (PubMed, 2007)
There has been increase in the amount of research and services provided for diseases that are predominantly prevalent in developing countries. In addition, the amount of clinical trials conducted in developing countries for diseases in general and for those that contribute substantial proportions of the disease burden of the population has increased. Furthermore, interest in genomics and its potential for improving understanding of gene-environment-disease interactions and population history has drawn researchers to developing countries including Africa. These factors have highlighted the need for sound ethics training for researchers and members of ethics review committees. Increased training of bioethicists will enhance the contributions of developing countries bioethicists to the global research ethics discourse thereby enriching it. Such bioethicists will be able to drawn on their rich multicultural and multi-religious to inform discussions and issues. In this essay, I discuss the West African Bioethics Training, a United States National Institutes of Health supported training program for biomedical researchers and bioethicists in West Africa.
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Availability and Use of Collection Development Policies in Colleges of Education Libraries, Botswana - Adekanmbi, Arinola Rebecca (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 2007)
Collection development policies are necessary working tools in the development of library collections as they help in the development of a balanced stock. This paper examines the availability and use of such policies in the Colleges of Education Libraries in Botswana. With the senior librarians in the six colleges forming the target group, nine major questions were posed to them on collection development policies. It was noted that not all the libraries had policies. Also, a majority of those who had did not involve their users in the formulation of the policies, and the policies did not incorporate some of the essentials of a collection development policy. It was revealed that those who had policies did not use them in their collection development practices. The study concludes that college librarians need to equip themselves in the area of collection development. They also need to be made aware of the importance of the use of policies to develop college collections. Library schools also have a major role to play in equipping librarians with, skills in formulating collection development policies. African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science Vol. 17 (1) 2007: pp. 45-52
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Language, Literacy, and Learning in Primary Schools: Implications for Teacher Development Programs in Nigeria - Adekola, Olatunde Adetoyese (2007)
Language, Literacy, and Learning in Primary Schools is a synthesis of the findings arising from four years of policy research and development in Nigeria's primary schools that focused on the gap between what teachers should know and be able to do, and the realities of teaching and learning in classrooms. It begins by critically examining the outcomes of primary schooling as measured by learning achievement results from national assessments, and by identifying some core learning problems for Nigerian primary school children. It reviews the findings from recent research reports that studied teaching and learning processes in primary school classrooms, and it identifies the pedagogical issues in primary classrooms that contribute to poor learning achievements. This report describes a research and development program that set out to improve teaching and learning in core learning skill areas of the curriculum.
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Language, Literacy, and Learning in Primary Schools: Implications for Teacher Development Programs in Nigeria - Adekola, Olatunde Adetoyese (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Language, Literacy, and Learning in Primary Schools is a synthesis of the findings arising from four years of policy research and development in Nigeria's primary schools that focused on the gap between what teachers should know and be able to do, and the realities of teaching and learning in classrooms. It begins by critically examining the outcomes of primary schooling as measured by learning achievement results from national assessments, and by identifying some core learning problems for Nigerian primary school children. It reviews the findings from recent research reports that studied teaching and learning processes in primary school classrooms, and it identifies the pedagogical issues in primary classrooms that contribute to poor learning achievements. This report describes a research and development program that set out to improve teaching and learning in core learning skill areas of the curriculum.
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Time perspective and school membership as correlates to academic achievement among African American adolescents. - Adelabu, Detris Honora (PubMed, 2007)
This study examined the relationship of academic achievement to time perspective (future, present) and school membership (belonging, acceptance, rejection) among 232 low-income, urban African American adolescents. Findings indicated positive, significant relationships among academic achievement, future time perspective, school belonging, and school acceptance. A negative, significant relationship was found between academic achievement and present time perspective. Based on multiple regression analysis, the ability of time perspective and school membership to predict academic achievement differed across gender. Whereas present time perspective was predictive of academic achievement among males, school acceptance and future time perspective emerged as significant predictors of academic achievement among females. Present time perspective contributed negatively to academic achievement among males, while school acceptance and future time perspective contributed positively to academic achievement among females.
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Cultural Barriers to Inclusive Transport for Persons with Disabilities in Southwest Nigeria - Ademokoya, J. Abiola (11th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled Persons (TRANSED)Transport CanadaTransportation Research Board, 2007)
Persons with disabilities are usually denied of various opportunities including access to transportation in their societies. This paper examines the role which culture plays in the exclusion of persons with disabilities in the transport systems and operations of the southwestern Nigeria. The paper advocates for an inclusive transport program which will accommodate special needs persons in the transport policy and transport modes. It draws from the relevant frameworks of the United States inclusive programs and Canadian transport policy for persons with disabilities to serve as reference points for equalizing transport opportunities for all people with disabilities in southwestern Nigeria, disabilities notwithstanding.
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Onset of Hearing Loss, Gender and Self Concept as Determinants of Academic Achievements in English Language of Students with Hearing Disability in Oyo State, Nigeria. - Ademokoya, J. Abiola; Shittu, B. A. (Essays in Education, 2007)
Since every class of students with hearing disability is always a heterogeneous one, the need for establishing relationship between some intrinsic factors in these students and their academic achievements becomes very imperative. This study therefore examined the influence of onset of hearing loss, gender and self concept on their academic performance in English language. 100 Senior Secondary School class III students with hearing disability were purposively selected to participate in the study. The study also raised 3 hypotheses to ascertain relationships between onset of hearing loss, gender, and self concept and English language achievement. Instruments such as the self concept scale of the Adolescent Personal Data Inventory, Adapted English Language Test and Audiological Reports were used. Findings showed that postlingually hearing disabled students were superior to their prelingually hearing-disabled colleagues, male students did better than female students and student with high self concept outclassed those with low self concept. It was therefore recommended that teachers and curriculum developers should adequately consider these findings in teaching and curriculum development activities.
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An Overview of Selected Theories of Adult Learning: Implications for Teacher Education in the 21st Century Nigeria - Aderinto, John Adeboye (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2007)
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Social policy in sub-Saharan African context : in search of inclusive development - Adésínà, Jìmí O. (2007)
List of Tables List of Figures Foreword Preface List of Abbreviations and Acronyms Notes on Contributors Social Policy and the Quest for Inclusive Development: Introduction J.Adesina Ruling Ideas and Social Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Assessment of Nationalist, Keynesian and Neoliberal Paradigms A.G.Garba Social Policy and Development in East Africa: The Case of Education and Labour Market Policies C.S.L.Chachage Education, Employment and Development in Southern Africa: The Role of Social Policy in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe F.T.Hendricks Social Policy and the Challenge of Development in Nigeria and Ghana: The Cases of Education and Labour Market Policies B.Udegbe The Role of Social Policy in Development: Health, Water and Sanitation in East Africa R.Atieno & A.Ouma Shem The Socio-Political Structure of Accumulation and Social Policy in Southern Africa P.Bond Social Policy in the Development Context: Water, Health and Sanitation in Ghana and Nigeria O.Obono Index
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Botswana: An Example for Teaching the Concept of Interdependence - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele (UNIversitas: Journal of Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity, 2007)
This paper attempts to describe the concept of interdependence and its rationale. This paper uses the country of Botswana to illustrate the concept to junior secondary school students. In order to do so, this paper gives a brief background to Botswana and a brief description of the concept and rationale of interdependence. Finally, this paper attempts to use Botswana to illustrate the teaching of interdependence by way of education, health services, transportation, and Botswana’s membership in world organization, with reference to some related topics on interdependence from the junior secondary school social studies syllabus.
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Teacher Preparation and Availability for Achieving Basic Education in Ondo State, Nigeria - Adeyemi, T. O. (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The study examined teacher preparation and availability for achieving basic education in Ondo State, Nigeria. As a descriptive survey, the study population comprised all the 1154 primary and 281 junior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Out of this population, a sample of 578 primary schools and 141 junior secondary schools was taken and selected through the stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data for the study was an inventory while the data collected were analyzed using percentages. The findings revealed that the level of teacher preparation for the Universal Basic Education (UBE) in Ondo State, Nigeria was low. It was also found that teachers were not adequately available for the Universal Basic Education programme. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that the Ondo State, Nigeria has not been fully prepared for the Universal Basic Education programme. Teacher preparation has not been fully embarked upon in the State. Considering the findings, it was recommended that the State Government should recruit more teachers into the primary and junior secondary schools in the State to enable the pupils achieve permanent literacy and numeracy and the ability to communicate effectively. Teachers should also be allowed to attend seminars and in-service training to enable them to acquire more skills and competence in their job performance. Keywords : Teacher, Preparation, Availability, Basic Education, Nigeria International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 293-305
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Dental implant education in Nigeria: a curriculum guide - Adeyemo, WL; Akeredolu, Patricia Adetokunbo; Oderinu, HO; Olorunfemi, BO (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
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Teachers perceptions on the role of quality assurance and standards officers on quality of education in Nairobi public secondary schools, Kenya - Adikinyi, Judith W (2007)
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The Effect of Medical Libraries on Medical Education: evidence from Osun State, Nigeria - Adio, Gboyega; Akewukereke, M. A.; Ibitoye, Samual Olukayode Ibitoy (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2007)
The study assesses the affect of medical libraries on medical education. It explains vividly, the various constituents connected with value and effectiveness of information to medical practitioners, what to do and what doing them will mean in qualitative terms. In carrying out the research, a survey was conducted through the use of a self developed 24-item questionnaire which tried to improve ways of accessing, assessing and communicating information effectively through strategic planning, statistical measurement, personnel appraisal and budgeting. The finding revealed that medical libraries are playing relevant and statutory roles in their various institutions. This is in spite of the fact that, the libraries are yet to be adequately equipped. At the end of the write-up, recommendations were made on how to improve the value of library services, increase efficiency and promote effectiveness.
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5 - Role Duality among School-age Children Participating in Farming in Some Villages in Kwara State, Nigeria - Adisa, Rashid Solagberu; Adekunle, O. A. (Africa development, 2007)
The paper examines rural children’s role duality as school pupils and farm par- ticipants. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to elicit data from 229 respondents aged between five and sixteen years. It was found that 44 per cent of the respondents were simultaneously schooling and farming, while the re- maining were only either in school or farming. Using eight common farm activi- ties, a coefficient of farm participation (cfp) was computed, while another eight agricultural innovations were used to compute agricultural innovation aware- ness index (awi) for each respondent. It was found that no significant difference existed in farm participation levels of respondents attending school and those that were not, while a significant difference in innovation awareness (awi) ex- isted in favour of respondents in school. Parental influence, peer group and school farms were also found to be significantly related to respondents’ partici- pation in agriculture. It is thus imperative to keep rural children in school even as they are engaged in farming activities.
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Decolonising Knowledge Production: The Pedagogic Relevance of Gandhian Satyagraha to Schooling and Education in Ghana - Adjei, Paul Banahene (Canadian Journal of Education, 2007)
In this article, I examine how Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non ‐ violent resistance (Satyagraha) can be applied to decolonize schooling and education practices in Ghana. Satyagraha consists of three fundamental elements: appeal to the oppressor, non ‐ cooperation, and civil disobedience. Part of an anti ‐ racist and anti ‐ colonial dis ‐ course, Satyagraha is a strategy, epistemology, and methodology for creating spaces for inclusion of Ghanaian Indigenous knowledge and worldview in school curricula and pedagogy. This article is also informed by my lived experiences and observations as an Indigenous student from Ghana. I conclude the article with a discussion of the benefits and dangers inherent in such transformative work. Key words: anti ‐ racism, anti ‐ colonial, non ‐ violence, spirituality Dans cet article, l’auteur montre comment la philosophie de non ‐ violence (satyagraha) de Gandhi peut etre mise a profit pour decoloniser l’ecole et les pratiques pedagogiques au Ghana. Le satyagraha comprend trois elements essentiels : l’appel a l’oppresseur, la non ‐ cooperation et la desobeissance civile. Partie integrante d’un discours antiraciste et anticolonial, le satyagraha est une strategie, une epistemologie et une methodologie visant a creer des espaces pour l’inclusion d’une vision du monde et d’un savoir proprement ghaneens quant aux programmes scolaires et a la pedagogie. Cet article repose aussi sur l’experience personnelle et les observations de l’auteur en tant qu’etudiant ghaneen. L’article se termine par une discussion des bienfaits et des dangers inherents a un tel travail de transformation. Mots cles : antiracisme, anti ‐ colonial, non ‐ violence, spiritualite
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Harnessing the Gains of Public and Private Cooperation in Education Delivery in Nigeria - Adomeh, Ilu O. C.; Aluede, Oyaziwo (Journal of Social Sciences, 2007)
There is no gainsaying the fact that private and public sectors cooperation in education delivery in any nation is not only necessary, but also, equally desirable because education is a social service that a nation ought to render its citizen. When both sectors harmonize their contributions to the education of the learners, the results are enormous. This paper therefore sought ways of harnessing such gains. It also affirmed the fact that both sectors have been cooperating in education sub sector in Nigeria. When this cooperation was disrupted, a number of challenges set into the education industry. The paper further provided means for the consolidation of the gains of the renewed education cooperation in Nigeria
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Teachers' Perception of Teaching as Correlates of Students' Academic Performance in Oyo State, Nigeria - Adu, Elizabeth; Olatundun, S.O. (Essays in Education, 2007)
It needs to be pointed out that the role of the teacher is of paramount importance in the education system. He is the custodian of knowledge and instructor of instruction. It is often said that the standard of education can not grow beyond the level or standard of the teachers. Therefore this study examined the Teachers’ perception of teaching as correlate of students’ academic performance in Oyo state, Nigeria. The results showed that, the relationship between teachers’ perceptions and students’ performance is positive and significant that is, the perceptions of teachers have effect on students’ performance. (r = 0.372, P .05.Teachers attitudes and good behaviour has a significant effect on performance (r=0.395, P<.05) and Methods of teaching has significant effect on students performance (r= 0.591,P<.05). It was however recommended that it is necessary for the teacher as a member of his profession to be an enlightened person who possesses a thorough mastery of broad field of human knowledge, subject matter, attitudes and behaviour.
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Protecting the next generation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Learning from adolescents to prevent HIV and unintended pregnancy. - Ae, Biddlecom; Hessburg, Luke; Singh, Samir; Bankole, Akinrinola; Darabi, Leila (2007)
Addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents un Sub-Saharan Africa is vital given the devastating impact of AIDS the high rates of unintended pregnancy and the risk that those pregnancies may lead to unsafe abortions. Protecting the health of adolescents is clearly important for the adolescents themselves. In addition it is critical public health priority. Increased investment in adolescent sexual and reproductive health can contribute to wider development goals because it enables adolescents to become health productive adults. This report presents key findings from nationally representative surveys conducted in 2004 among 12-19-year-olds in four African countries - Burkina Faso Ghana Malawi and Uganda - with the goal of guiding programs policies and investments aimed at improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health. (excerpt)
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African Network for School Feeding Programmes - Developments and Strategies for Sustainability of School Feeding Progammes in Africa - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2007)
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Building Forum Network for Sustainable School Feeding Programmes in Africa - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2007)
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School Feeding Programmes in Africa - Current Developments and Challenges - Afoakwa, Emmanuel Ohene (2007)
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Prisoners of poverty: the plight of girl children education in Igara County, Bushenyi District (Uganda) - Agaba, Gloria (2007)
Poverty is a major constraint to girls’ education in Uganda. In 1997, Uganda introduced Universal Primary Education but still a limited number of girls enroll in post primary education due to monetary constraints. It is astonishing that in 2007 there are still young girls who don't have access to even basic education. This study explores the relationship between poverty, gender and the plight of girls’ education, gendered perceptions and power relations in relation to girls’ education. The focus is on Bushenyi District which is 310km from the Capital city. Bushenyi represents Districts that are remote and poor. The study further analyses how the girl child is coping with limited access to education and shows the role of the Government, Non Governmental Organizations and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in promoting gender parity in education in Uganda. The theories used in the analysis are structuration, children as competent autonomous social actors and childhood as culturally and socially constructed. Data collection methods included direct observations, eight key informant interviews, and five individual interviews with girl dropouts, nine focus group discussions of which four were for parents and five with children. My respondents were children of age 10-18, in school and out of school, caretakers (not necessarily the parents of the children I interviewed) in rural and urban parts of Igara County. Key informants were from Bushenyi and Kampala city where most NGOs dealing with girls’ education are situated. The design of the study was cross sectional and relied heavily on the situation of girls’ education at the time the data collection. The analysis applied qualitative techniques mainly informed by stories and quotes. Results show that poverty is a major factor affecting girls’ education but operates together with other factors like parameters related to patriarchy such as boy-child preference, beliefs and practices, early marriage, excessive girl-child work, pregnancy, poor menstruation management, parent’s level of education, age and orphan hood. Girls cope by indulging in agriculture, marriage, tailoring, hair dressing and becoming house maids. Policy and action recommendations call for equal important attention to principles of gender equity along with poverty issues in improving access and equity in education opportunities in Uganda. There is a need to strengthen the Ministry of Education and Sports (MoES) commitment and capacity to systematically integrate gender concepts in education planning, implementation and monitoring. The gender relations and the current status of the girl child need to change. Community sensitization about the value of girls’ education and their equal rights to education with the boy child would promote girls’ education. Last is making secondary education free, accessible and poverty eradication. The NGOs and UNCRC are in place but not well known to the children that they are intended to help. This is for reasons ranging from limited funds to cover the entire country and lack of enough publicity. The study contributes to understanding the issues involved in girls’ education in Bushenyi District, literature on poverty, gender and the plight of girls’ education as well as qualitative approaches with in human geographic studies.
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Emerging themes in educational reforms in Ghana as seen through education reforms in the United States - Agbemabiese, Padmore G. E. (2007)
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Climate change and food crop production in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Agbola, Tunde; Ojeleye, D.; Ahmed, K. Z. (8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007., 2007)
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Intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among school children in an urban center and some rural communities in southwest Nigeria - Agbolade, O. M.; Agu, Ndubuisi Chinweike; Adesanya, O. O.; Odejayi, Adedayo Olugbenga; Adigun, Aliu Adekunle; Adesanlu, Emmanuel Babatunde; Ogunleye, Flourish George; Sodimu, Adetoun Omolayo; Adeshina, Stella Ajoke; Bisiriyu, Ganiyat Olusola; Omotoso, Oluwatosin Ibiyemi; Udia, Karen Mfon (Korean Journal of Parasitology (Print), 2007)
Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Benin Country Report - Agyeman, Osei Tutu (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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The Effects of Education on Fertility Change in Ghana: A Decomposition Analysis - Ahene-Codjoe, Ama Asantewah (2007)
Comparing two surveys conducted in Ghana (1987/88 and 1998/99), this study examines whether there has been a substantial decline in fertility over the decade. Oaxaca – Ransom, 1994 decomposition method is employed in the analysis. The method determines the change in fertility and whether the difference is attributed to observed characteristics of individual women or coefficients. The study finds that, fertility has indeed declined; but the change is very small. This confirms doubts expressed in studies like Bongaart et al, 1984, Caldwell, 1992 and others. They noted that, although transition has begun in SSA, the continent is not likely to see any substantial decline before the beginning of the next century. This study further finds that, the decline in fertility albeit small is mainly attributed to differences in characteristics (80.5%) and the most important of these characteristics, is expenditure. The findings suggest that, an increase in expenditure per adult significantly contributes to fertility decline. This particular result concurs with the quantity – quality trade-off theory expounded by Becker, 1960. It also mimics the kind of effect that is normally observed in developed countries and some developing countries that are far into their fertility transition. The main determinant of the study, education, is also found to contribute to fertility decline; but not as much as earnings.
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Is There Any Threshold in Mother's Education and Child Health Relationship? Evidence from Nigeria - Ahmed, Meherun; Iqbal, Kazi (2007)
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Creating the Rainbow Nation? Citizenship and Education in South Africa - Ahmed, Rashid; Sayed, Yusuf; Soudien, Crain (2007)
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TRANSITION OF AFRICAN ADOLESCENT IMMIGRANTS INTO URBAN OR SUBURBAN SCHOOLS - Aikhionbare, Cecelia E. (2007)
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Two decades of minilaparotomy female sterilisation at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital - Aisien, AO; Au, Oronsaye (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
To evaluate female sterilisation through minilaparotomy approach in University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 20-year period.This was a retrospective study in which the case notes of 156 clients who accepted permanent method of contraception out of 14771 acceptors of family planning methods in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between January 1985 and December 2004 were retrieved and analyzed for socio-demographic characteristics of the clients, timing, technique, type of anaesthesia used and the complications associated with the procedure.The incidence of female sterilisation was 1%, mean age and parity were 36.9 +/- 3.6years and 6.4 +/- 1.6 respectively. 80.8% had interval sterilisation and the tubal occlusion was mainly by Pomeroy's technique. Local anaesthesia under heavy sedation was used in 85.9% of the clients. Surgical complications occurred in 3.24% and were uterine perforation, bladder and intestinal injuries and bleeding from the fallopian tube and the mesosalpinx. 3.85% had wound infection and 1.94% anaesthetic complications. Effectiveness was 100% and there was no mortality.Our institution would need to scale up counseling of clients for permanent method of contraception to improve on the poor acceptability. Careful surgical techniques with local anaesthesia alone or with light sedation and adherence to infection prevention practices would reduce the incidence of surgical, anaesthetic complications and wound sepsis that would ensure client satisfaction.
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EDITORIAL The relevance of violence-prevention interventions in South African Schools - Aitken, Lisa; Seedat, Soraya (Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 2007)
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University Undergraduate Students' Information Seeking Behaviour: Implications for Quality in Higher Education in Africa. - Ajiboye, Josiah O. (Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2007)
The major purpose of the study was to examine the information seeking behaviour of undergraduate students in the University of Botswana. Specifically, the study made effort to determine the sources consulted and the general pattern of information gathering system by the students: the impact of students’ gender, level of study and course of study on the students’ information seeking behaviour. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and data was collected using a questionnaire administered to two thousand respondents randomly selected from six faculties in the University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. Major findings from the study include are: first, academic information was rated as the predominant information required by the students, while the Internet was rated the most crucial source of most of the academic information required. It was also found that gender, level of study and course of study significantly influence students’ information seeking behaviour (F = 511.8, level of signification is .05). However, among the factors, the students’ level of study contributed more to the observed variation in information seeking pattern, followed by course of study, while gender had the least influence. The sample was taken in two departments from each of the faculty in the University. This is a typical representation of the population of the undergraduate students of the University of Botswana hence; the findings could be generalized for the whole undergraduate students of the University. The paper is a product of recent survey carried out by the authors; hence the findings reported here are original and reflect the current views and practices of information seeking behaviour of University of Botswana Undergraduates.
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The Training, Development and Education of Library Manpower in Information Technology in University Libraries in Nigeria - Ajidahun, Clement Olujide (2007)
This paper takes a critical look at library education and training of human resources in information and computer technologies in Nigerian university libraries. It discusses the training needs of staff, highlights the benefits of training, the training techniques, the training programmes and the staff development processes. Twenty-one university libraries in Nigeria participated in the study. Result shows that many academic librarians and other categories of library staff are not computer-literate. The study further reveals that the training programmes for staff development in information technology in Nigerian university libraries are grossly inadequate. This paper offers suggestions which might help enhance staff development in Nigerian university libraries.
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African business schools and the development of the African commonwealth - Akampumuza, J.; Shaw, Tomoko; Ntayi, Joseph Mpeera; Muhwezi, Moses (The Journal of Business Law, 2007)
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Creating Learning Communities: A Strategy for Expanding Learning Opportunities for All in Nigeria, Adult Education in Nigeria - Akande, J.O. (2007)
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NIGERIANS' ATTITUDES TOWARD PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES - Akhidenor, Charles D. (2007)
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Problems for Teacher Education for Primary Schools in Nigeria: Beyond Curriculum Design and Implementation - Akinbote, Olusegun (Essays in Education, 2007)
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Deregulation policy and its implication on the funding of university education in Nigeria - Akintayo, Michael O.; Oghenekohwo, Jonathan E. (2007)
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Planning and Managing e-Learning Development in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria - Akomolafe, Comfort Olufunke (2007)
This study examined the critical steps to take by Nigeria government and tertiary institution administrators in making explicit planning on the use of e-learning technology in tertiary institutions. There is a need to plan and ensure efficient and effective management of e-learning in the face of challenges of infrastructure development for e-learning, funding and personnel development. The study investigated the roles of government in managing e-learning and in building its own educational network. It also examined contributions of private sector telecommunication to internet services and the strategies of funding e-learning in tertiary institutions. The study revealed that the use of e-learning by tertiary institutions in Nigeria is still very limited and that distance education in Nigeria largely depends on the use of printing materials. It was also found out that the roles of government in managing e-learning for tertiary education is still marginal. It was concluded that deliberate efforts should be made by universities and other tertiary institutions to develop e-learning facilities and, inter-university collaboration could be a strategy to enhance its establishment and usage. Moreover, the government should make explicit policy that can facilitate the growth of internet.
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Access and quality in South African higher education: the twin Access and quality in South African higher education: the twin challenges of transformation challenges of transformation - Akoojee, Salim; Nkomo, Mokubung (2007)
Abstract Higher Education transformation in South Africa requires a synergy of creative strategies to engage issues of redress. Access to higher education remains one mechanism for achieving this in South African higher education. While there is clearly a need to enable access by improving student success (access with success), as opposed to simply ensuring their participation (access as participation), the adequacy of these initiatives needs to be evaluated in the context of institutional transformation. By introducing a quality assurance framework, institutions can ensure that access initiatives are institutionalised. Conceptions of access, however, need to be situated within appropriate definitions of quality. This would enable institutions to track the responsiveness of measures to achieve national transformational objectives. It is argued that current Academic Development (AD) initiatives as a means of achieving 'access with success' can only deal marginally with the transformation agenda in South Africa. It is proposed that a comprehensive quality assurance framework with embedded commitment to access is likely to respond appropriately to national development prerogatives of higher education access.
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Utilisation of focus group discussion (FGD) as a research tool in community health nursing practice : a case study of the views and beliefs of secondary school students in Nigeria about HIV / AIDS and its prevention - Akpabio, Idongesit I.; Asuzu, Michael C.; Fajemilehin, Boluwaji Reuben; Bola, O.F.I. (Africa journal of nursing and midwifery, 2007)
Background: The purpose of this paper was to show the need for, and the process or strategies for qualitative study in community health nursing practice. The paper presents a focus group discussion, used as a case study, as a descriptive base for HIV/AIDS preventive health education intervention for the target population. This also severed as a guide for the development of an AIDS education curriculum. Method: Six focus group discussions (three male and three female groups) were conducted in three secondary schools. The aim was to obtain in-depth knowledge of the students' beliefs and views about HIV/AIDS and its prevention. The discussions involved 25 students comprised of 12 males and 13 females. Results showed that the students had knowledge gaps related to HIV/AIDS, as well as negative attitudes towards prevention. Some of the reasons participants gave for engaging in sexual intercourse included peer pressure and their desire to be 'big boys'. Suggestions focused on designing health education interventions aimed at eliminating misconceptions and increasing the use of qualitative study (focus group discussion) to obtain a rich variety of data that could be used to guide interventions.
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The experience of children of divorced parents in a school in the surburb of Durban, South Africa. - Akpan, Orok (2007)
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The challenge of theological education in Ghana - Akrong, Abraham (Journal of African Christian Thought, 2007)
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Improving the Teaching of Science and Mathematics in Basic Schools in Ghana - Challenges and Lessons from Technical Cooperation Assistance - Akyeampong, Kwame; Kuroda, Norihiro (2007)
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A study in the relationship of mental ability with age, sex, and school achievement of secondary school students in the republic of Yemen - Al-Ghamri, Safih Jabran (2007)
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Shelter from the Storm. Naplouse, Palestine - Al, Sayeh Nora; Lenherr, Lukas (2007)
Durant les dix dernieres annees, on a compte plus de 49 conflits armes a travers le monde, dont la majorite s'est produite dans des environnements urbains. L'urbain, transforme en un champ de bataille strategique, impregne la marque d'un conflit dans sa structure urbaine. Sarajevo, Beyrouth, Berlin et Nicosie sont autant d'exemples contemporains qui illustrent les effets d'un conflit sur le tissu urbain et le potentiel offert par sa regeneration. Le projet s'interesse au cas de la Cisjordanie, et plus particulierement a celui de la ville de Naplouse. Les consequences urbaines de cinquante annees d'occupation militaire se manifestent aujourd'hui par une fragmentation quasi complete du territoire et une autonomie imposee aux differentes villes. Le programme propose de s'interesser aux infrastructures culturelles et aux lieux de communicabilite, souvent negliges ou inexistants dans ces zones. Une strategie globale a ete developpee pour permettre de maintenir une ouverture culturelle et sociale, au-dela de la fragmentation physique des villes entre elles, basee sur les nouveaux moyens informatiques. Par un systeme de phasage en cinq parties, le projet construit progressivement une faille introvertie et protegee qui lie et organise l'espace des differents programmes. L'essentiel de l'intervention se concentre autour d'un renforcement des liens physiques, sociaux et virtuels pour contrer la fragmentation sociale qui resulte d'une situation de conflit. Le projet se construit a l'aide des seuls materiaux disponibles dans l'espace de la ville et propose une reutilisation des materiaux issus de la destruction.
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Empowering Literacy from Childhood: a Survey of Activities of Teachers and Libraries of Higher Institutions Staff Schools in Lagos State, Nigeria - Alabi, Amos Oyetunde (2007)
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The Implications of ICT and NKS for Science Teaching: Whither Nigeria - Aladejana, Francisca (Complex Systems, 2007)
In Nigeria, science teaching at the various levels still retains the old conservative approach and if this situation would change, there is the need for a diagnostic study. This paper examines the attitude to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and A New Kind of Science (NKS) for learning science among undergraduates from selected universities in Nigeria. It determines the impact of the use of simple computer experiments on the learning of science and also assesses the availability of resources for this new paradigm. Multiple research methods were used including questionnaire, observation, discussion, and interview. The students’ attitudes were measured using an adapted established instrument, which was administered on 50 undergraduates purposively selected based on having any basic science as their subject of specialization. Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study reveal that the attitude of most of the students to using ICT and NKS for learning science is good and receptive. The use of ICT and NKS for teaching and learning science were said to make learning more meaningful and encourages active student participation. There is very poor availability of resources, and a low level of confidence in handling computers for this type of learning. Based on these findings, appropriate recommendations are made for improving science teaching and learning in Nigeria using ICT and NKS.
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Student attitudes in the context of the curriculum in Libyan education in middle and high schools - Alhmali, Rajab (2007)
In any country, the education of the next generation is of huge importance. For Libya, which has developed very rapidly, the education of young people will be vital for the future of the country. The main problem at present in Libya is the quality of education: the need to build so much in order to educate so many in a short time creates the classical dilemma of quality of education versus quantity of education, a problem common in many developing countries. There is also a shortage of Libyan school teachers at secondary school level especially those qualified in science subjects, as well as resource problems. The examination system emphasises the rote recall of information and holds great power over the learners at key times of the year. Against this background, students sometimes show their dissatisfaction by leaving school or simply failing to attend. The aim of the present research is to look at Libyan education at various stages and ages from the student perspective: in middle (ages 12-15) and high schools (ages 16-20). The aim was to gain a picture of what was happening and to find out student’s views about their learning experiences. Overall, the aim of this study is to offer insights into the perception, beliefs and attitudes of students in Libya in an educational system where growth has been phenomenal over the past five decades or so. The study involved three major surveys using questionnaires. These involved very large samples (1939 in all), drawn from a wide range of schools and catchment areas, reflecting Libyan society. It was possible to analyse the responses by various subgroups. Great care was taken to ensure that the students responded to reflect what they actually thought by emphasising that the questionnaires were not seen by teachers, all questionnaires being anonymous. To confirm the picture given by the responses to the questionnaires, samples of students were interviewed using a checklist of key areas of interest. A sample of teachers was also interviewed to see to what extent their views matched those of the students. A first survey offered an overview of students’ views, the emphasis being on looking for trends with age. Age 12 is the first year of middle school under the Libyan system while age 15 is the uppermost year in middle schools. The other three groups are drawn from various stages in the high school. The second survey allowed students nearing the end of their studies at secondary school to reflect on their experiences and to offer ideas for the future. Students are able to reflect on their educational journey as they approach the end of schooling; and university, college or jobs are in the imminent future. In Libyan education, students make fixed subject choices (arts, sciences, technology) which determine their high school and curriculum. Once a choice is made, they have to continue with this for the remainder of their school time. The third survey focussed on the age group when these decisions have just been taken: first year in high school. Finally, the interviews offered a useful way to see to what extent what the students said matched the pictures which had come from analysing the questionnaires. Interviewing a sample of teachers gave added insights in offering a new perspective on the Libyan educational provision as seen from the teacher perspective. The main question was the extent to which teacher views matched student views. The examinations system clearly poses many problems, including relationships to the curriculum as well as cheating. The students want less reliance on recall, less reliance on end of year examinations and they feel that they are being undermined by the ease of cheating. The system is dominated by the reward of accurate recall. There seems to be an expressed wish for freedom: freedom to question, freedom to express themselves, freedom to be released from the dominance of memorisation and recall. Despite this, they still rely on the security of the factual knowledge as the sources are often seen in black and white terms. Teachers are seen as authority figures and the curriculum is based tightly on prescribed textbooks. Students wish for curricula which are related to life and lifestyles as well as related to their needs, future needs and aspirations. Students were also seeking some kind of pastoral care and support for learning. In looking at specific subject areas, the sciences need some overhaul. The students see them largely as memory driven and this presents the sciences as bodies of knowledge to be memorised rather than methods of enquiry or ways of interpreting and understanding the world around. They have a utilitarian view of language, wanting to start English at a very much earlier age so that it is available for the world of the sciences. Mathematics is a major problem area, generating very polarised views. The main problem subjects, therefore, appear to be mathematics and physics (with its abstractness) and, perhaps, chemistry. This is a matter of concern given the high proportions which take these subjects for career reasons. The purpose of education is seen as based on careers, examination passing and recall. Understanding, applying ideas, creativity, questioning are all devalued. The idea of school education as a way to unlock potential seems missing and the students appear to appreciate that. The teacher’s role is largely that of transmitting information in an efficient and effective manner to their students. The teachers have little insight in the role of their subjects in the development of young people. They are ruled by the demands of society, with its dependence on examination success for gaining access to the next stage of life. They find the curriculum overcrowded and want more time for students to be able to think. However, they have little clear idea of the nature and role of understanding and the idea of seeing their subject in terms of wider life (outside entry to careers) is largely absent. Overall, the students are quite positive about many aspects of their experiences although they know of no other educational system. The most fundamental need is to generate a new way of thinking: where the recall of information under an examination-driven system is changed to an educational experience where understanding, applying ideas, creativity and questioning hold a much higher status. This will need a major paradigm shift for teachers and wider society in Libya.
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The Demise of Industrial Education for African Americans: ||Revisiting the Industrial Curriculum in Higher Education - Allen, William (2007)
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African Higher Education: Challenges for the 21st Century - Altbach, Philip G. (2007)
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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN SUB-SAIIARAN AFRICA: PROBLEMS, EXPERIENCES, AND SOLUTION - Amadi, Eric Chukweru (International Journal of Education, 2007)
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OIL, WAR AND EDUCATION IN NIGER DELTA OF NIGERIA - Amadi, Eric Chukweru (2007)
This research work primarily seeks to highlight and examine education and violent sub cultural traits in the Niger Delta region and to determine whether the people are naturally violent.' However, in most quarters it is believed that violent activities/acts being witnessed in the region are mere reactions to the marginalization and neglect by successive governments. 2 research questions guided the study. The study was able to establish the following: That government and school authorities should consult students when making policies a ffecting them. That falling standards in academics and morals in school are due to violence activities in the region. That cult fights are not the only forum of violence in schools in Niger Delta. Recommendations were proffered on some of the problems that lead to violence in the institutions of Niger Delta Region. These include guidance and counseling experts and moral instructors should be employed to help redirect the minds of the students. Youths should be encouraged to stop the consumption of hard drugs. Education should be funded adequately to meet UNESCO's recommendations. Introduction Violence in Nigeria has been on the increase since the end of the Nigerian Civil War without hope of reducing its rate or ending soon. The successive military governments, under which the nation was governed, contributed greatly to this culture of violence. Secret cults anr' some hard-line religious groups have sprung up in our institutions of learning proliferating inimical ideas and violence simply for selfish reasons. Of all the institutions in Nigeria the ones in the Niqer DP.!~2 seems t~ I:>t' :~~ worst ha '9y this trend. This singular fact had led to this research which primarily seeks to highlight and examine education ar-d violence, beaming a searchlight on its sub-cultural traits ill the Niger Delta region of Nigerian. This the .researchc. beiiGvt>'-' Will unravel the causes, dimensions and present state of education and violence in the IJiger Delta using our history as yardstick to measure the effects of this unwholesome ma Tiage. No meaningful development can take place in any nation witn a low educational standard and this implies that studies like this should be embarked on, so as to, proffer potent solutions to issues affecting the standard of education. The findings of this it is hoped will be used in the formulation and enforcement of policies in the Niger Delta region and Nigeria at large. Research Questions The study is guided by the following research questions: 'Nhat are the causes of violence in educational institutions in Niger Delta? Could it be said that effective violence on educational institutions in the Niger Delta gave rse to the falling standard in academics and moral in students? llir recent times, particularly since the early 80s, the umbrella under which our education l.Wl..._: •. _..J L.. ....._ ....... _...J ....._ ......-.~_._ .....~~ ......,..I~~ +.._-..... '\..:,.....1 ....... _......... t_ t •• _I!ell witnessed the proliferation of small parochial organizations in the institutions of learning Imgi These include: sectarian, religious and political organizations, State Students Unions, ell'l secret cults and social organizations which socialize young students. In particular, the proliferation of secret cults has attracted a lot of publicity due to the fact that it has Sad encouraged the culture of violence in these institutions. Education in the Niger Delta 3II!lI1Je seems to be,at its lowest ebb due to tl:le rising !wave of violence in the various institutions ,.1Wl of learning. pou CiIIllP Most students of higher institutions of learning in the Niger Delta region in particular and b Nigeria in general today were born in the era of military dictatorships. They did not have MJC an ample opportunity of learning and cultivating democratic ethos; hence their eo::J internalization of the culture of violence. Arson, rape, extortion, armed robbery, drug 11Jlll!'1n:: addiction and trafficking, killings etc are some of the ailments affecting the Nigerian loom society today. It is not a coincidence that these are also the realms of operation of the members of the secret cults and other parochial organizations on our campuses. The ilt ' nefarious activities of these organizations are a manifestation of the general ill health of U:n the larger society. tell' Ba As notorious as the nefarious activities of campus cults are in Nigeria today, they are not dr: the only form of violence in the institutions of higher learning. As a matter of fact, cult 0::::: ~-, violence is just one creation of the Nigerian state. The Nigerian State is constructed and G:'1 subsists on the violent appropriation of the resources of its people, including their natural e-c resource in the case of the Niger Delta region,. It is this mother-violence that has given -'ito birth to this endemic culture of violence in our institutions as stated by Christian U. Akani N~ in Babarinde (1998). He puts this situation in vivid words: :e:, Right now most of the university lecturers are robots, many of ,...,::. ,-,' them are under their beds and none can come out and speak .... his or her mind. They are all terrified, the students too ... in a situation where there is no opposition, tyranny reigns (p89). S~ ::::l The above quote typifies the state of rottenness in which the Nigerian academia has ~ been found over the years. It is a scenario which plagues our civilization and relationship to production, consumption and interaction with the international community. :. The present decadence cannot be a result of a pre-ordained destiny or part of the c natural movement of events, but a historical precipitate for a conscious colonial programme which imposed on the pre-existing social formations some world views, dogma, fanaticism and strange mode of interacting with nature. This new phenomenon completely overturned the pre-colonial society, just to satisfy the economic need of the colonizers. On a more theoretical level, it needs to be pointed out also, that the prominence of violence in Nigeria's political life even with the advent of democracy in 1999 is not a matter that requires serious interrogation. The use of the instruments of violence to serve private ends is becoming so common in Nigeria's natural life, that it is almost acquiring legitimacy. In tertiary and other institutions, this phenomenon manifests as the formation of private armies or paramilitary employment of police orderlies to accompany the vice-chancellor or sole administrator wherever he goes, whether on offices assignment or not; the sponsoring of police officers who are students, to secure post within the students union government etc. It is within the ambit of the use of force to serve private aims that the activities of certain secret cults and other related groups in Nigeria's institutions of learning fall. Education in Nigeria: An overview African society regarded education as a means to an end and not as an end in itself. Education was generally for an immediate induction into society and preparation for adulthood. In particular, African education emphasized social responsibility, job
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YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN THE NIGER DELTA: EDUCATION AS A SOLUTION - Amadi, Eric Chukweru (2007)
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DO HIGHER LEVELS OF SCHOOLING LEAD TO HIGHER RETURNS TO EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - Amaghionyeodiwe, Lloyd Ahamefule; Osinubi, Tokunbo Simbowal (Applied Econometrics and International Development, 2007)
The study found that completed years of schooling and experience were to large extent important variables that influenced earnings both in terms of parameters’ significance, direction and magnitude. Wage returns to additional years of schooling completed increased as the level of education increases, thus, the higher the level of education the higher the rate of return to the individual. Also, only the post-schooling years for higher education impacted relevantly in terms of direction and magnitude on earnings of the concerned individuals
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Maternal Education and Child Nutrition: Evidence from the 2000 and 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys - Ambel, Alemayehu A. (2007)
I used the 2000 and 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys to analyze the effect of maternal education and its pathways on chronic and acute malnutrition in Ethiopia. The pathways examined in this study are socioeconomic status, maternal health-seeking behavior, maternal knowledge of health and family planning and reproductive behavior. I find that maternal education works through all except healthseeking behavior. I also find that maternal education and its pathways are more relevant and robust in explaining chronic than acute malnutrition. Socioeconomic status is the most important factor linking maternal education and child nutritional status. Although girls’ education is a high policy priority, it may take time before its direct and indirect impacts substantially improve child health outcomes. Faster results would require direct interventions on key elements of socioeconomic status
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A Study of the Quality of Student Residential Facilities in Nigeria. - Amole, Dolapo (Planning for higher education, 2007)
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Who's who in physical education, health education, recreation, sport and dance training institutions in Africa. - Amusa, L.O.; Toriola, A.L. (2007)
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Farmer Field Schools: An Alternative to Existing Extension Systems? Experience from Eastern and Southern Africa - Anandajayasekeram, P.; Davis, Kristin; Workneh, Sindu (Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 2007)
Many extension education approaches have been tried in Eastern and Southern Africa with varying degrees of success. Extension approaches that contribute to the reduction of poverty in this region are needed. One important model right now is farmer field schools (FFS), based on adult education principles such as experiential learning. Farmer field schools are usually an intensive, season-long program where farmers meet weekly to learn and experiment on a given topic. Using document analysis, key informant and group interviews, and personal observation, this paper reviews the FFS philosophy, history, and experiences of applying FFS methodology in the region. It discusses whether FFS could be an alternative to existing extension systems in Eastern and Southern Africa. The paper concludes that FFS are not an alternative to existing systems, but that certain principles of FFS could be picked up and incorporated into various systems, including agricultural extension, research, and even health, to make them more effective at reaching small and marginalized farmers and in alleviating poverty and food insecurity.
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Researching teacher misdemeanours in Tanzania: the methodological issues and implications for data generation - Anangisye, William A. L. (Papers in Education and Development, 2007)
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Low prevalence of HIV infection and knowledge attitude and practice on HIV / AIDS among high school students in Gondar Northwest Ethiopia. - Andargie, Gashaw; Kassu, Afework; Moges, Feleke; Kebede, Yigzaw; Gedefaw, Molla; Wale, Fisseha; Alem, Atnaf; Andualem, Berhanu; Adugna, Solomon (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2007)
Abstract HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, a school based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar; Northwest Ethiopia to determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection and to assess Knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV/AIDS. A total of 565 students were included in the study. The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.1%. Sexual contact with commercial sex worker or non-regular partner was reported by 16.7% of the students. Only 58.5% of those who practice sex used condoms. History of sexually transmitted diseases was reported by 10.7% of the sexually active students. The majority (96.6%) reported unprotected sex, unsafe blood transfusion, contaminated needles and mother to child transmissions as common ways of HIV transmission. Abstinence, faithfulness to one’s partner and use of condom as means to prevent transmission of HIV was responded by 84.1%, 60.4% and 41.8% of the students, respectively. Over 82% demanded screening for HIV as a precondition for marriage and 97.2% agreed to have a VCT service. The findings of the study indicate that the prevalence of HIV infection is low among high school students in Gondar. The students had adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and VCT despite the risky practices. Continued health education is needed to bring behavioral changes. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2007;21(2):179-182]
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Exploring environmental perceptions, behaviors and awareness: water and water pollution in South Africa - Anderson, Barbara A.; Romani, John H.; Phillips, Heston; Wentzel, M.; Tlabela, K. (Population and Environment, 2007)
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Music and Dance Instruction in Basic Schools in Ghana: v - Anderson, HK; Addo, G W (International Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The study investigated factors militating against the girl – child's music and dance education in basic schools in Ghana. The Population were music and dance teachers in Ghanaian pre-tertiary institutions, while purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample that covered all the 2005 of the 400 level music students of the Music Education Department of the University of Education, Winneba. The instrument was a modified Anderson's (2002) questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that equal opportunities were provided by the teachers studied for both the girl – child and the boy – child, based on the competencies of the teachers, to study music and dance. The study revealed further that many girl –child across the country does not participate at all or less participate in music and dance lessons, while shyness on the part of the girl- child posses a threat to girl's education in music and dance. It was however recommended that the girl – child should be counselled on the effects of shyness and how to overcome it, this it is assumed would encourage more girls to participate fully in music and dance Keywords : Problems, Music, Dance, Instruction, Basic Schools, Girl- Child, Ghana International Journal of Educational Research Vol. 3 (2) 2007 pp. 191-202
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Reading Achievement, Suspensions, and African American Males in Middle School. - Anderson, Kenneth A.; Howard, Keith; Graham, A. C. (The Middle Grades Research Journal, 2007)
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Education bilingue et interculturalité au Burkina Faso. Passé linguistique et logique économique comme obstacles à une didactique de l'interculturel - Andre, Géraldine (2007)
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"We are teaching according to reality" South African teachers' approach on the impacts on the HIV and AIDS in education - Andreasson, Annika (2007)
Examinationsniva: Examensarbete, 10 poang inom kursen LAU 350 Titel: “We are teaching according to reality” – South African teachers’ approach on the impacts of HIV and AIDS in education Forfattare: Annika Andreasson Termin och ar: Hostterminen 2006 Institution: Institutionen for Pedagogik och Didaktik, Goteborgs Universitet Handledare: Goran Lassbo Rapportnummer: HT06-2611-036 Nyckelord: education, HIV and AIDS, teachers’ approach, cultural aspects, social aspects Purpose The aim of this Minor Field study is to investigate how South African teachers approach the impacts of HIV and AIDS in their daily professional work. I also want to highlight the complexity in teaching about a subject surrounded by social and cultural factors causing negative stigma and discrimination. Central questions in the study are: How do teachers teach about HIV and AIDS, sexuality and relationships? What problems and difficulties do they experience? Which are their views on the cause of HIV and AIDS and related problems? What do they think needs to be done to improve the current sitation, in school as well as in their surrounding society? Method To carry out this study I have used a triangulation of qualitative methods. Observations, document studies, informal dialogues and study visits are part of the ethnographic method which helped me understand and gather information about the South African context. Six semi-structured open-ended interviews were used to gain deeper insight in the teachers’ situation, their opinions and views. Results The findings on the South African context concentrate mainly on poverty, social and cultural aspects concerning sex, gender relations, stigmatization and ignorance. The interview results show that teachers use a variety of methods to approach HIV and AIDS in their teaching. They experience difficulties in many aspects and see immorality and carelessness as major causes of the epidemic’s spread. Ideas on what needs to be done to change the situation varies from new approaches in education and a new mentality to firm management from the government, a change in legislation and education in a broader sense to reach adults and people with low education as well. The general approach is to teach according to what there is, the reality, accepting the circumstances. HIV and AIDS is one out of many difficult problems that the South African teachers need to handle.
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Effects of the Youth Fit For Life protocol on physiological, mood, self-appraisal, and voluntary physical activity changes in African American preadolescents: Contrasting after-school care and physical education formats - Annesi, James J.; Faigenbaum, Avery D.; Westcott, Wayne L.; Smith, Alice E.; Unruh, Jennifer L.; Hamilton, Franklin G. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007)
Los efectos de la actividad fisica durante 12 semanas y el protocolo de cambio de conducta relacionada con la salud (Youth Fit For Life) llevados a cabo en los formatos de cuidados extraescolares durante 3 dias/semana y educacion fisica de 2 dias/semana fueron evaluados y contrastados con ninos afroamericanos de 9 a 12 anos de edad, en un estudio experimental. El Indice de Masa Corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la fuerza muscular han mejorado significativamente en ambos formatos en chicos y chicas, con mayores efectos en la condicion de cuidado extraescolar. Las mejorias significativas en estado de animo y auto-valoracion fueron tambien asociadas a participacion en el protocolo en ambos formatos con los tamanos de efectos algo mayores en el formato de educacion fisica. El incremento de dias por semana de actividad fisica voluntaria, moderada a vigorosa, fue significativo y similar en ambas condiciones (Mcambio = 0,71 y 0,75 dias/semana, ps < 0,01). El analisis de regresion multiple indico que los cambios en el aspecto fisico, autoconcepto fisico, autoeficacia en ejercicios y la percepcion del ser en general explico una parte significativa de la varianza en los cambios en las sesiones de actividad fisica voluntaria a lo largo de 12 semanas, R2 = 0,24 a 0,73, ps < 0,01. Se sugiere implicaciones para el desarrollo de un modelo explicativo adecuado de la actividad fisica en ninos, el diseno de la intervencion en actividad fisica basado en la evidencia y reduccion de obesidad en preadolescentes.
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National Cry for Help: Psychological Issues as They Relate to Education; A Realistic Approach to Understanding and Coping with the African American Males. - Anthony, Taiwanna D.; Kritsonis, William Allan; Herrington, David (2007)
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Let's Piece the Past Together: Writing a Book about African Diaspora Archaeology Education for Middle School Students - Antonio, San; Cull, Michelle (2007)
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Coping with climate change and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta of southern Nigeria - Anyaegbunam, Eric (2007)
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Effects Of Poverty On Pre School Children's Academic Performance: A Case Study Of Huruma Estate Nairobi, Kenya - Anyango, Okango H (2007)
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Education Expenditures and School Enrollment in Africa: Illustrations from Nigeria and other SANE Countries - Anyanwu, John C.; Erhijakpor, Andrew E. O. (2007)
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Evaluation of 8:4:4 home science teaching at secondary school level in Kenya: a study of Bungoma District - Anyanzwa, A.; Otunga, Ruth N. (2007)
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Effectiveness of health education in prevention of diarrhea among the refugess in Osire refugee camp, Namibia - Anyolo, Epafras (2007)
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Hypospadias Surgery at Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, Ghana: A Review of 36 Patients - Appeadu-Mensah, William; Hesse, Afua A. J. (African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 2007)
This study aimed to review experience in the management of hypospadias at a tertiary Paediatric Surgery Centre,Accra,Ghana. This was a prospective study of patientsmanaged for hypospadias at the Paediatric Surgery Unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, between 1st January 2004 and 30th September 2005.Data analysed included the types of hypospadias seen, the types of operations done, the complications and outcomes ofmanagement. A total of 1196 patients were operated within this 21-month period. Out of these, 120 operations were urological. Thirty-six of the 120 urological operations were for hypospadias. The patients operated for hypospadias were aged between 3 and 15 years (mean = 5.4 years). Majority of the hypospadias were penile in 22(61%). Tubularised incised plate urethroplasties (TIPU) was the most frequent procedure done in 27 (73%), followed by meatal advancement glanuloplasty incorporated (MAGPI) and Duckett\'s tubularised inner prepuce in 4 patients each. The complications included 4(15%) urethro-cutaneous fistulae, 4 (7%) meatal stenoses, 1(4%) retracted meatus with a fistula, and 1(4%) meatal stenosis with a fistula in those with TIPU, 1 case each of failed repair after MAGPIs and meatal stenosis after island onlay flap repairs. Two (50%) patients developed urethro-cutaneous fistula and 1(25%) of the 4 patientswho had Duckett\'s repair developed meatal retraction and stenosis. Most penile Hypospadias without severe chordee can be successfully managed by TIPU with an acceptable complication rate. Keywords : Hypospadias,TIPU,Results,Complications. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery Vol. 4 (2) 2007: pp. 61-63
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Critical Access to higher education: challenges and goals for South African writing centres. - Archer, Arlene (2007)
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The International Literature on Skills Training and the Scope for South African Application - Archer, Sean (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
This paper aims to introduce selected issues from the international literature on skills training into the South African policy forum. Reform of national strategies in skills production has characterised a number of industrial as well as certain developing economies in recent decades. Their experience is potentially valuable locally. The main lessons are that skills training resembles education in being partly a public good. The acquisition of skills parallels the acquisition of knowledge. Training opportunities do have to be rationed by some mechanism, either through the market or by rules internal to an organisation engaged in training, but the content of the competency earned is a form of knowledge. More competency with economic value that is acquired by one person does not mean less of it is available for acquisition by another. Nor, secondly, can non-payers be wholly excluded from the benefits of training financed by others. For example, there are separate gains for fellow workers, for employers poaching trained workers, and for investors in new technology. So certain economic decision-takers can free-ride on such investments in human capital. As classic examples of market failure they make clear that simple allocation through a market is not at all adequate for a national system of skills training. The second lesson is that problems of information, incentives and market power preclude the emergence of a training equilibrium in which individual workers and employers pursue their interests successfully and therefore efficiently. In practice most training takes place on the job, where it is difficult for an outside agency like the state to influence investment decisions directly. Sensible roles for the state are to supply needed information, to put in place positive and negative incentives where needed, to provide accreditation that is credible in the market, to set up a framework of regulation that fosters informational transparency and constrains skills poaching, and to invest in high quality prior education for trainees entering occupational markets. An additional state function is to provide workable policy devices like 'temporary migration programmes' that enable active skilled labour recruitment from source countries. International precedents exist that show the way in a number of these.
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Suggestions for the Education Module of the South Africa National Income Dynamics Study - Ardington, Cally; Lam, David (2007)
There can be little question that education plays a fundamental role in income dynamics, and that it should be an important focus of the National Income Dynamics Study. In preparing this document, we have been motivated by two basic questions. First, what are the key research and policy questions related to education in South Africa, especially in relation to income dynamics? Second, what dimensions of education are particularly well suited to analysis using longitudinal data of the type that will be collected in NIDS?
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Patients′ perception of quality of emergency care in a Nigerian teaching hospital: The influence of patient-provider interactions. - Ariba, Adekunle Joseph; Thanni, L. O. A.; Adebayo, Ebunoluwa (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
Attention is rarely given to patients' opinions regarding the quality of care they received, which is an important feedback to healthcare providers, planners and policy makers.To assess how patients who survived life-threatening/emergency conditions percieved the quality of care they received.This prospective study was carried out among adult patients who had received emergency care at the Accident & Emergency (A & E) unit of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, between March and December 2004 using a semi-structured questionnaire.There were 1129 respondents, 81 males and 48 females. Their mean age was 35.3 years. 62% were treated for surgical, and 37.2% for medical emergencies. The mean duration of stay at A & E was 2.4 days. Although 91% of the respondents regarded available equipments as very adequate, 38.8% perceived the overall quality of care as sub-optimal. Many of the patients were displeased with their interactions with care providers. They longed for urgent improvement in waiting time, speed of issuing drugs, imterpersonal relationship with health workers and attending to emotional distress of emergency victims. They also wished to have free treatment during emergenciesMajority of the patients who received care in A & E of this tertiary hospital perceived the quality of care received as satisfactory. However, a substantial proportion regarded the quality of care as sub-optimal. Although most thought equipments were adequate, many of them expressed displeasure with their interactions with care providers. To improve patient's satisfaction with emergency care, greater emphasis needs to be placed on enhancing the interpersonal relationships between health workers and patients than is currently done.
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The future of information technology education in Nigeria: innovative public-private partnerships - Ariguzo, Godwin; Shea, Timothy; Ward, Rupert; White, David S. (International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 2007)
Nigeria's current status in the world and within the Sub-Saharan region is reviewed in terms of its focus on information technology education, by examining the Higher Education market, private computer industries within Nigeria, and the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), a national initiative designed to dramatically improve Nigeria's competitiveness in computer industries. The results of research into the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Nigeria are then discussed. The perceptions of computer industry executives and Higher Education representatives towards greater competitiveness in Nigeria's Information Technology industry are investigated. The authors provide recommendations for how Nigerian Higher Education Institutions and computer-related businesses can develop effective method of advancing ICT Public-Private Partnerships.
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Teachers Perception Of Principals Leadership Capacities In Nigeria - Arikewuyo, M. Olalekan; null, null; null, null; null, null (Academic Leadership The Online Journal, 2007)
Without any doubt, leadership plays a dominant role in the outcome of any organized effort aimed at a particular goal or a set of goals. It is the genius of leadership that mobilises human and material resources and creates the necessary climate for productivity. As a matter of fact, studies have shown that leadership accounts for most of the outcomes observable in Organisations. In the view of Jiboyewa (1988), leadership involves much more than the behaviours exhibited by leaders in any other organisation.
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State knowledge on climatic change: The Fourth Assessment Report as a case study between the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) and Africa [Lo stato delle conoscenze sui cambiamenti climatici: Il Quarto Rapporto dell'IPCC e l'Africa come cas - Artale, V.; Danesi, I. (2007)
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Behaviour and emotional disorders among Egyptian primary school children : prevalence and risk factors. - As, Abd-Elhamid (2007)
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Breeding common beans for drought tolerance in southern Ethiopia - Asfaw, Asrat; Alemayehu, F.; Gurum, F. (2007)
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Village Poultry in Ethiopia Socio-technical analysis and learning with farmers - Asgedom, A.H. (2007)
In developing countries village poultry keeping is regarded an important livelihood opportunity for the poor. To improve poultry systems, it is necessary to keep in mind a large number of local complexities. This study aimed to integrate participatory-, survey- and model-based approaches to socio-technical analysis and mutual farmer-researcher learning about constraints to and opportunities for village poultry development in Ethiopia. The study applied a combined technography and systems approach as an input in analyzing possibilities for poultry development in terms of context-mechanism-outcome. To this end it used as data collection methods individual and open-group interviews, a cross-sectional stratified random survey, farm-recording, a market survey, and village-poultry modelling. Feed-back workshops were organised to share between farmers and researchers the data collected through farm-recording and to learn about outcomes of simulation scenarios for identifying improvement options of village poultry systems. Village poultry significantly contributed to the livelihoods of poor households: economically as starter capital, as a means to recover from disasters, as an accessible protein source and for income and exchange purposes, and socio-culturally for mystical functions, hospitality and exchange of gifts to strengthen social relationships. Poor households used sharing arrangements to have access to poultry. Distance to markets influenced flock sizes and poultry marketing organization. Religious festival days were associated with increased poultry consumption and sales, and fasting periods with decreased consumption. Farm-recording was as a first entry point to learn about how farmers participate in research. It transpired that researchers needed to understand the religious and customary norms of the community and adjust the data collection tools and procedures to fit these norms. As a second entry point, farm recording information was presented back to farmers to validate the data and to discuss with farmers the reasons of variation between households. A third entry point for sharing between researchers and farmers was modelling and simulation. Information from literature was used for development of a village-poultry model. The study documented experiences of how the modelling process was used to engage farmers and researchers in joint learning about village poultry keeping. The present study has indicated that through the combination of multiple approaches and methods researchers can arrive at better understanding of constraints affecting farmers’ reality. This implies more relevant problem definition and therefore a potentially more effective technology development process. The study confirms that village poultry research and development are not only about finding technical solutions but also involve addressing household livelihoods, and institutional and policy issues from a social science perspective.
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Formula Funding in Ethiopian Higher Education - Ashcroft, Kate (2007)
This chapter briefly describes a funding formula which has been developed for Ethiopia’s higher education institutions. It places this in the context of Ethiopia’s history and development stage and the particular requirements of its higher education context. It is argued that such a formula is an important element in the reform of Ethiopia’s civic society by providing: protection for institutional autonomy and academic free speech, while requiring accountability transparency of funding decisions and limiting the potential for government bias or control support for the move towards a more flexible, responsive, outcome-oriented, customer-focused public service.
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Formula Funding in Ethiopian Higher Education - Ashcroft, Kate (2007)
This chapter briefly describes a funding formula which has been developed for Ethiopia’s higher education institutions. It places this in the context of Ethiopia’s history and development stage and the particular requirements of its higher education context. It is argued that such a formula is an important element in the reform of Ethiopia’s civic society by providing: protection for institutional autonomy and academic free speech, while requiring accountability transparency of funding decisions and limiting the potential for government bias or control support for the move towards a more flexible, responsive, outcome-oriented, customer-focused public service.
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HIV/AIDS, Orphan-hood and school attendance in the free state province, South Africa - Asiamah, Selloane (2007)
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Social Exclusion: The Political and Legal Dimensions”, in Ghana Human Development Report 2007: Towards a More Inclusive Society - Atuguba, Raymond A.; Dowuona-Hammond, C.; Fobil, Julius N. (2007)
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PARTICIPATORY STRIGA MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA: A TRAINING GUIDE - Au-Safgrad (2007)
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Chapter 3. Training for Language Documentation: Experiences at the School of Oriental and African Studies - Austin, Peter (2007)
Since 2003 the Endangered Languages Project at SOAS has been involved in various types of training for documentation of endangered languages, ranging from one-day workshops through to MA and PhD post-graduate degree programs. The training events have been attended by specialists, research grantees, students, and members of the general public, and have covered a wide range of topics and involved delivery in a range of contexts and delivery modes, including hands-on practical sessions and e-learning in the Blackboard framework. We have covered both theory and practice of language documentation and endangered language support, including the development of multimedia and curriculum materials for language teaching, some of it experimental and, we think, quite innovative. In this paper I discuss some of our experiences in developing and running these training workshops and courses, reporting on the models, and successes (and failures) over the past three and a half years. My goal is to share our accumulated knowledge and experience with others with similar interests, and in doing so to advance our understanding of the possibilities for language documentation training.
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Les handicaps moteurs et sensoriels en Afrique : le cas du Gabon - Avoumé, Edith (2007)
La recherche presentee est essentiellement descriptive et interpretative. Elle initie l'etude des handicaps au Gabon (13 000 individus, 47 % de handicaps moteurs, 24 % de deficients visuels et 10 % de deficiences auditives). Une approche globale, par methode d'entretien avec enquete retrospective, est realisee sur les trois groupes de handicaps et croisee avec celle sur les personnes valides. Les themes abordes renseignent sur les preoccupations, les projections au monde, le contenu symbolique, les perceptions personnelles et generales des handicaps. Il met en perspective les niveaux de prise en charge familiale, communautaire, etatique et leurs modalites de gestion et d'accompagnement des deficiences. L'analyse clinique discursive des cas illustre des situations personnelles d'interaction physique, humaine, technique, medicale et metaphysique. Elle revele la congruence des attentes objectives (travail remunere, education, scolarisation, solidarite organique. . . ) et des attentes subjectives (desir de reconnaissance et de normalisation sociale, actualisation de la relation amoureuse. . . ) des personnes handicapees et de la societe globale gabonaise.
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An Assessment of Students' Preparedness for e-Learning Adoption in Nigerian Universities - Awoleye, Olusesan Michael; Siyanbola, William (The International journal of learning (Online), 2007)
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Child Rearing Patterns and Career and Choice Among Secondary School Students: Empirical Evidence from Rivers State of Nigeria - Awujo, C.J. (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2007)
This study is an attempt to investigate the relationship existing between childrearing pattern and secondary school students’ choice of career. The sample of this study was 410 SSIII students, which were drawn from 30 Secondary schools in Rivers State of Nigeria using simple random sampling technique. In each of these schools, one arm of SSIII class was randomly selected. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested. The result, of the analysis showed that a significant relationship existed between parental child rearing patterns and secondary school students’ choice of career. By implication, secondary school’s students are placed in a better pedestal that will avail them the opportunity to appreciate parental child rearing patterns as part of the dynamics that come into play in career choice. Teachers and school counselors would also benefit from this information since awareness of the findings would facilitate their jobs when confronted with students’ career choice problems.
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Dilemmas of Culture in African Schools: Youth, Nationalism and the Transformation of Knowledge - Awuor, George (Children, Youth and Environments, 2007)
Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 17 No. 4 (2007) ISSN: 1546-2250 Dilemmas of Culture in African Schools: Youth, Nationalism and the Transformation of Knowledge Coe, Cati (2005). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press; 241 pages. $20. ISBN 0226111318. Cati Coe’s book’s use of ethnography and history guides readers to understand the dynamics of cultural politics inGhana as the state attempts to create a national culture through its schools. Coe focuses on the debate over tradition, modernity and nationalism in Ghana. By including the influences of the church and the local chiefs, she captures the complexity of these influences and the legacy of colonialism. Her study is based on specific primary and secondary schools in the Akuapem region of Ghana. While she may find similarities elsewhere, especially in West Africa, titling the book Dilemmas of Culture in AfricanSchools assumes much broader generalizations. The reference to African rather than Ghanaian schools may be a stretch, especially on a continent as vast and culturally diverse as Africa. Coe divides her book into two parts. The first section is titled “How Culture Became the Property of the State.” The section is a historical documentation of the efforts of theBasel missionaries to convert locals to Christianity. Her narration of the interactions between the Basel missionaries and the local Akuapem people begins in the late 19th to the early 20th century. The missionaries were unique because they believed in what Coe calls romantic nationalism, which embraced folk traditions and languages. However, contradictions abounded because even though the missionaries in Akuapem embraced some traditions and encouraged use of local language, the missionaries required their converts to Christianity to live in separate quarters, causing families to be torn apart. The converts rarely entered the Chief’s palace and felt that they could no longer follow or obey the local African regulations. Coe captures the frustrations of the missionaries, the locals and 428 their chiefs, as conflicts arose between traditional culture, the Church and the modern schools. This second part of Coe’s book is a compliment to Chinua Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart (1958), which addresses British colonization and the conversion to Christianity of the Igbo people of Nigeria. Achebe captures the destruction of the intricate traditional ways of life in Africa by the administrative systems that the British imposed on the cultures of Africa in the name of “civilizing the natives.” In reality, the effect of the colonial systems was cruel and inhumane practices that subjugated large native populations in the British colonies. Western missionaries such as the Basel missionaries set out to move native peoples away from the superstitious practices that they perceived as primitive and convert them to Christianity. Coe finds that in later years, the educated African Christian elites began to question the Church’s dismissal of the local traditions. They wondered why it was not possible to merge the important traditional practices with the modern culture. Consequently, the state, led by the first president of post-colonial, independent Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkurumah, found it necessary to promote a single Ghanaian culture. He set out to take control of schools, particularly removing them from the influence of the churches. In order to avoid divisions along tribal lines, the state promoted nationalism through the schools. Some of these state efforts found success because young people directly participated in them and they gained pride in their culture and country. “How Culture Is Reclaimed by Its Citizens” is the title of the second part of Coe’s book. She discusses the tensions between the state, local chiefs, their people, and the Church, and what culture means to the different groups. In this section, culture is discussed in the context of nationalism, religion, and as a way of life. The complexity and difficulties of promotion of culture by the state in schools is evidence as Coe states that “although the state sponsors cultural programming in schools, the teaching and performance of culture in schools end up producing more contradictory messages…” (92). The competition between the church and state forces schools to merge messages about culture in order to express national development 429 values with Christian values. The paradoxes include the attempt to pick...
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Proceedings of the Conference on Teacher Education for Sustainable Development in Ethiopia : May 5-6 2006, Ethiopian Management Institute, Debre Zeit - Ayalew, Elizabeth (2007)
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Ophthalmology training in Nigeria: The trainee ophthalmologists′ perspective - Ayanniyi, Abdulkabir Ayansiji; Adeboye, A; Ademola–Popoola, DS (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007)
To know the perspective of trainee Ophthalmologists on the present state of Ophthalmology training in Nigeria.Semi structured questionnaires were administered on trainee ophthalmologists from 13 different training centres across Nigeria during revision courses and Fellowship examination in year 2004. Included were age, sex, training levels and number of year in training. Also assessed were information on acquisition of theoretical knowledge, surgical and managerial skills as well as availability of relevant ophthalmic resource materials and equipment in their training institutions. Suggestions on the ways to improve the training in Nigeria were also noted.There were 51 trainees with ages ranging from 29 to 51 years, with a mean of 34.65 (S.D+4.76) year. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. There were 18 (36%) senior registrars, 31 (62%) registrars and 1 (2%) senior house officer. The period spent in training varied from 2 months to 10 years with a mean of. 3.6 years (S.D+2.2). Acquisition of theoretical knowledge was judged to be adequate by 48 (98%) of trainees. Also acquisition of surgical and managerial skills as well as availability of qualitative ophthalmic resource material were judged to be adequate by 35 (68.7%), 40 (81.6%) and 38 (74.5%) trainees respectively. Suggestions among others include improvement in quantity and quality of ophthalmic resource materials, high volume ophthalmic surgery to aid surgical skill acquisition and structured training programme.Ophthalmology training in Nigeria offers adequate theoretical knowledge and managerial skills acquisition. However, there is the need for further improvement in the area of surgical and diagnostic skills transfer and acquisition as well as availability of quality ophthalmic resources and a well-structured training programme in all the centres.
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Assessment of Library Services Availability in Support of National Policy on Education in Minna, Nigeria. - Babalola, GA (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2007)
The paper examined library services availability in support of national policy on education in Minna, Nigeria. The research design was survey. The researcher designed a self-constructed questionnaire tagged library. services to children questionnaire (LSTCQ) which after thorough validation were distributed to nurse ry and p rimary schools in Minna. The information that were got from distributed copies of questionnaire were presented and analyzed. The result of research indicated following among others: that provision of libraries in nursery/primary schools in Minna is at very low ebb. Also, children resources are seriously neglected in Minna metropolis, especially in Minna east while that of Bosso is a bit fair. The researcher recommended following among others: that government at all levels should henceforth make provision of library a pre-condition for establishment of nursery and primary schools by various proprietors. Moreover, as a way of enforcing the national policy on education on establishment of library in nursery and primary schools, government at all levels should give an ultimatum of probably between two to three years for both public and private schools without libraries to either get libraries or be closed down
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Revitalizing quality higher education in Nigeria: options and strategies. - Babalola, Joel B.; Adedeji, S.O.; Erwat, E.A. (2007)
This paper examines the issue of quality of education in Nigeria. The paper recognizes quality of education as one of the most widely used and spoken of concept in Nigeria, although, very little or no unanimity with regard to its meaning has been reached. This is essentially true in higher education as compared to industry where clearly definable products with quantifiable qualities exist. The 'product' of higher education is intangible and the customer very difficult to identify. However, in Nigeria today, there is mounting concern about the state of schooling at all levels. This is rooted in the realization that literacy levels and academic achievement will determine individual's job attainment and earning as well as the general economic well-being of the society. Moreover, the quality of life in the society will be affected by the level and quality of social skills acquired in schools. It is in line with this that the paper looks at the various issues bordering on quality of higher education in Nigeria and suggests different options and strategies which can be used to improve the quality of education, especially, at the university level. Thus, the following questions will be answered in the paper: How is quality perceived? Can it be measured? What is the interrelationship between internal and external assessment procedures? How can schools deal with quality improvement and development within the context of Total Quality Management (TQM)? Introduction Today, more than ever before in human history, the wealth or poverty of nations depends on the quality of higher education. Those with a larger repertoire of skills and a greater capacity for learning can look forward to lifetimes of unprecedented economic fulfillment. While in the coming decades the poorly educated face little better than the dreary (dull and unexciting) prospects of lives of quiet desperation. Malcolm Gillis, President of Rise University, 12 Feb., 1999.
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Professionalism of Teachers in Africa for Capacity building towards the Achievement of basic Education: Challenges and Obstacles for Introspection - Babitseng, Saline Monicah; Frc, Nana Adu-Pipim Boaduo (The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review, 2007)
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Does training strengthen capacity?: Lessons from capacity development in Ghana, Ministry of Food and Agriculture - Babu, Suresh Chandra; Mensah, Raymond; Kolavalli, Shashidhara (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
Developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, continue to face insurmountable challenges in building and sustaining capacity for development... This paper reports on a preliminary exercise to examine training and its contribution to developing capacity in the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, as an input to developing a larger research and development agenda to strengthen the capacity of the ministry to effectively implement its strategies. The paper is structured as follows. A brief review of relevant issues is presented first. Then section, the authors describe how the study was done and offer the findings, followed by some implications for developing a strategic framework for capacity development in the last section.
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Globalization and Higher Education in Kenya; The Double Edged Sword - Bahemuka, MJ (2007)
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The importance of effective school leadership : A study performed in senior secondary schools in the Southern Region of Botswana - Baipoledi, Opaletswe (2007)
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Wages in East Africa: a critique in the light of the social teaching of the Catholic Church - Baitu, J. (2007)
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Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities among primary school children in Egypt - Bakr, Ashraf; Sarhan, Amr; Hammad, Ayman; Ragab, Mohamed; Salama, Osama; Al-Husseni, Fatma; Azmy, Mohamed Moustafa (2007)
Background: Mass urinary screening is a useful way to detect the prevalence of renal diseases and to improve its outcome. This study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities among primary school children in Egypt. Methods: A total of 1670 healthy children were included in this study. Urinary screening was performed with the dipstick method. Results: Twenty-two children (1.3%) had urinary abnormalities at the first screening and only 12 (0.72%) had urinary abnormalities at the second screening. Of the children who had urinary abnormalities, 6 (0.36%) had isolated hematuria (IH), 2 (0.12%) had isolated proteinuria (IP) and 4 (0.24%) had combined hematuria and proteinuria (CHP). Renal biopsy was performed on 4 children (2 with CHP, 1 with IH and 1 with IP). Post streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) was identified in 3 of the 6 IH children, hypercalciuria and renal stone in 2, and no abnormality in 1. One of the IP children had orthostatic proteinuria and the other had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The pattern of renal diseases in CHP children was PSAGN in 2, diffuse mesangial proliferation in 1 and IgA nephropathy in 1. Conclusions: Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities were detected in a small number of primary school children in Egypt and PSAGN was the leading cause for these abnormalities. Only 3 children had evidence of chronic kidney disease. The study raises question about the cost-benefit ratio for the national implementation of the urine screening program. World J Pediatr 2007;3(3):214-217
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Teaching stress of African American faculty at historically white institutions: the narrative experiences of African American faculty - Ball, Natasha; Smith, William L.; Land, Lynette Danley (2007)
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National Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Impacts: A Case Study of Mozambique - Bambaige, Albertina (Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007), 2007)
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The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity among adult patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Bamise, Cornelius Tokunbo; Olusile, Adeyemi Oluniyi; Oginni, Adeleke Oke; Dosumu, O O (Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 2007)
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity and to examine some associated factors such as initiating stimuli among adult patients attendingthe Dental Clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Materials and methods All consecutive adult patients that presented at the oral diagnosis unit over a period of 13 months, from March 2003 to March 2004, were included in the study. Relevant history, such as nature of the pain, initiating stimulus, frequency of episode, interference with eating, drinking and toothbrushing were taken. Evidence of tooth surface loss was noted. Dentine hypersensitivity was confirmed clinically by the use of air blast from the air-water jet and scratching suspected surfaces with a dental probe. Results Of the 2165 patients examined, 29 were diagnosed as having dentine hypersensitivity, giving a prevalence figure of 1.34%. The commonest teeth affected were the molars and the commonest initiating factor was cold water. Occlusal surfaces were most affected, followed by cervical surfaces. A male predominance was observed. Conclusion A lower prevalence figure was found in the present study in comparison to earlier reported studies. The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity is slightly lower in females, with female to male ratio of 1 to 1.42. Dentine hypersensitivity resulted in more severe disturbance when drinking water than when eating or brushing.
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Study of nitrogen loss pathways in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) growing agro-ecosystems on volcanic ash soils in Papua New Guinea : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand - Banabas, Murom (2007)
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Contextualising journalism education and training in Southern Africa - Banda, F.; Beukes-Amiss, C. M.; Bosch, T.; Mano, Winston; McLean, P.; Steenveld, L. (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
In this article it is argued that journalism education in Southern Africa must contend with defining a new academic identity for itself, extricating itself from dependency on Western oriented models of journalism education and training, as this has been a perennial challenge in most of Africa.
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Contextualising journalism education and training in Southern Africa - Banda, Fackson; Beukes-Amiss, Catherine M.; Bosch, Tanja; Mano, Winston; McLean, Polly E.; Steenveld, Lynette (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
In this article it is argued that journalism education in Southern Africa must contend with defining a new academic identity for itself, extricating itself from dependency on Western oriented models of journalism education and training, as this has been a perennial challenge in most of Africa.
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Research and Development of a Costing Toolkit for Distance, Flexible and ICT-Based Education for Teacher Development in Africa - Banks, Frank (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2007)
Costing distance-education programmes is a key aspect of capacity building in many parts of the world. This paper reports on a research and development project to produce a new costing tool for Distance, Flexible and ICT-based Education (DFICTE) for teacher development in Sub-Saharan Africa along with its associated support documentation. Working with case study institutions in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania, programme cost data were collected and systematised to create examples for a computer-based costing tool that enables those interested in introducing DFICTE to model their proposal at either the macro level (such as staff in ministries or NGO field officers) or more detailed micro level (such as would be required for a particular institution). Using a research framework of semi-structured interviews and detailed document analyises, the case studies followed a common format of questions and key points to construct a database of DFICTE costs for five teacher education programmes which users of the costing tool can draw on for illustrative example figures. The developed case studies are also presented with supplementary planning information in both English and French. The research revealed the following key issues: many programmes consist of a large number of very small courses; each small course is assessed by a range of methods sometimes leading to a costly and heavy overall assessment burden on the participating teachers; tracking of a participating teacher’s progress is often difficult as teachers take study breaks making the collection of fees and the projection of income and expenditure problematic.
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Is What They Get What They Really Need? Critical Analysis of Professional Development Models Used With Elementary Science Teachers in One School District in South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D. (2007)
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Financing secondary education in Kenya through the bursary scheme:accessibility and impact on completion rates in Nairobi province. - Barat, Sophie (2007)
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Positioning toward Mathematics and Science Learning: An Examination of Factors Affecting Low-Income, African American Girls. - Baratelli, Adriana; West-Olatunji, Cirecie; Pringle, Robert; Adams, Thomasenia Lott; Shure, Lauren (2007)
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Network Infrastructure to Support Research and Education Network in Ghana - Barfi-Adomako, O. (2007)
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Report on a Needs Analysis Workshop with Headteachers and Ward Education Coordinators, Tanzania, 15-16 February 2007. - Barrett, Anne E. (2007)
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School Matters: Why African American Students Need Multiple Forms of Capital. Counterpoints, Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education Volume 312. - Bartee, RoSusan D.; Brown, M. Christopher (Peter Lang New York, 2007)
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SOURCE MECHANISM DETERMINATION OF LOW MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKES AND DERIVATION OF THE EASTERN AFRICAN STRESS PATTERN - Barth, Andreas; Wenzel, Friedemann (2007)
The World Stress Map (WSM) database is a global compilation of recent tectonic stress from a wide range of stress indicators. Earthquake focal mechanisms are the main source to obtain stress data for the WSM. Globally, for most of the stronger earthquakes (MW > 5.5) focal mechanisms are routinely given by Harvard CMT-solutions. However, for the numerous earthquakes of smaller magnitude focal mechanism solutions are hardly available. We developed a semi-automatic and frequency sensitive moment tensor inversion that allows us to determine source mechanisms of magnitudes MW < 5.5. For the case study of eastern Africa we present focal mechanisms of 38 earthquakes with magnitudes of MW 4.4-5.5 that occurred between 1995 and 2002 and were not studied previously. We invert data of the permanent global seismometer network with source-receiver distances up to 3300 km within variable frequency bands between 10 mHz and 29 mHz. Since we use a one-dimensional earth model to calculate synthetic waveforms, the method is easily transferable to other regions worldwide and thus can improve the understanding of regional tectonics and give valuable information for seismic hazard assessment. We combine these new results with all 90 CMT-solutions available for eastern Africa (1977-2005) and 17 focal mechanisms determined by moment tensor inversion from other authors to perform a stress inversion for ten separate areas, that are adopted from the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) and adapted to our data distribution. All over eastern Africa we obtain stable stress tensors, that show a general East-West extension, most likely explained by the effect of gravitational potential energy differences. Regional deviations from this pattern are probably related to the existence of two distinct microplates that are located between the eastern and western rift branch.
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Attitudes of future physical educators toward teaching children with disabilities in physical education in the Republic of South Africa - Bartoňová, Radka; Kudláček, Martin; Bressan, Liz (Acta Gymnica, 2007)
The Republic of South Africa has undergone significant changes with regard to people with disabilities in the past number of years, which have also included changes in legislation and education. In the education of children with disabilities, inclusion is quite a new phenomenon. In order to prepare for inclusion, universities must focus on teacher preparation. Sherrill (1998) emphasised the role of attitudes in teacher preparation and therefore we have focused on the attitudes of university students toward inclusion. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in attitudes between two groups of students of the Department of Sport Science at the University of Stellenbosch in the Republic of South Africa. 30 of the students were specialized in coaching people with disabilities and 30 students were without this specialization. The adapted version of the questionnaire Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Physical Education (ATIPDPE), an instrument designed according to TPB (Ajzen, 1991, 2000) was used. To compare the attitudes of the two groups of students from the Republic of South Africa, a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The computer program SPSS PC 11.0 was used to determine significant differences between students in intention to include participant with physical disability into general activity and behavioral belief. Two groups were compared with regard to TPB components and the results showed no significant differences between these groups.
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Assessment of the role of forum theatre in HIV/AIDS behavioral change process among secondary school adolescents in Butare Province, Rwanda - Basinga, Paulin; Bizimana, Justin I.; Munyanshongore, C. (2007)
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Boarding schools and capital benefits: A comparative analysis of student experience in United States and South African schools - Bass, Lisa (2007)
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South Africa: A Desk Review of the National School Nutrition Programme - Bastia, Tanja (2007)
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Does Education Matter in Patience Formation? Evidence from Ugandan Villages - Bauer, Michal; Chytilová, Julie (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of why there is a lack of domestic saving and investment in rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on heterogeneity in inter-temporal preferences as a possible explanation of this important puzzle. The study is based on a unique experimental data set collected from 856 respondents in Ugandan villages and scrutinizes how individual patience - measured by the discount rate - is formed.
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(Re)positioning assessment in higher education: the case of Geography in South Africa - Beets, Peter (2007)
Using three recent publications on the state of Geography in higher education in South Africa, this article attempts to (re)introduce ideas focused on supporting quality learning and teaching. Quality learning and teaching require moving beyond assessment processes that are safe and predictable, that are fixed and non-negotiable, measurement-driven and framed in a lecturer-centred approach. While recognising the changing nature of society and that quality is a more complex concept than traditional assessment criteria can acknowledge, I am convinced that sustainable learning and teaching depend on a conceptual shift to develop and use assessment information in collaboration with students to guide current learning and teaching with the aim of selfregulation in future.
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(Re)positioning assessment in higher education : the case of Geography in South Africa : editorial - Beets, Peter (South African journal of higher education, 2007)
Using three recent publications on the state of Geography in higher education in South Africa, this article attempts to (re)introduce ideas focused on supporting quality learning and teaching. Quality learning and teaching require moving beyond assessment processes that are safe and predictable, that are fixed and non-negotiable, measurement-driven and framed in a lecturer-centred approach. While recognising the changing nature of society and that quality is a more complex concept than traditional assessment criteria can acknowledge, I am convinced that sustainable learning and teaching depend on a conceptual shift to develop and use assessment information in collaboration with students to guide current learning and teaching with the aim of self-regulation in future.
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African American Acculturation Scale: Measurement of Acculturation of African American College Students - Bellamy-McKinley, Tabitha M.; Watson, R. J. (2007)
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''Political'' versus ''civic" education in colonial and independent kenya - Bellucci, Stefano; Katumanga, Musambayi; Otenyo, Eric E. (Africa, 2007)
Une des questions les plus controversees au Kenya, actuellement en voie de democratisation, est l'«education civique». En general, le debat porte a la fois sur l'organisation et la diffusion de l'education civique, sur les publics auxquelles elle est destinee et sur les acteurs qui la mene - une education civique qui a jusqu'a maintenant ete principalement utilisee par le systeme de developpment afin d'achever la «gouvernance democratique». Cette contribution vise egalement a repondre aux trois questions suivantes: d'abord, quel sens peut avoir leeducation civique dans un pays dont l'Etat abandonne progressivement ces principales prerogatives? Ensuite, comment est-elle assuree? Enfin, quel role a-t-elle joue dans l'opposition politique au Kenya? Pour repondre a ces questions, nous procederons en quatre parties. La premiere revient sur le desorde conceptuel qui est aujourd'hui remarquable sur ce theme; la deuxieme section porte, quant a elle, sur l'evolution historique de l'Etat kenyan - et en particulier sur le role qu'ont joue les forces d'opposition dans cette evolution; ensuite, nous analyserons les differentes strategies qui ont ete adoptees, ces dernieres annees, sur cette question; pour finir, nous souleverons la question du poids du theme de l'education civique dans les revoltes populaires contre l'ancien parti dirigeant, Kenya African National Union (KANU).
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The prevalence of legal blindness and visual impairment due to refractive error from a humanitarian vision clinic in Ghana, Africa - Bement, Ashley; Sundstrom, Erin; Dreher, Carla (2007)
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Evaluation of the World Bank Assistance to Primary Education in Mali - Bender, Penelope; Diarra, Abou; Edoh, Koffi Pierrot; Ziégler, Marc (2007)
This case study examines the impact of World Bank assistance to the education sector in Mali from 1990-2005. It also examines the ways in which government, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society have responded to the enormous challenges in the sector, and suggests a variety of ways in which the support from all actors, and particularly the Bank, can be improved.
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Knowledge and Equity: Unequal Access to Education, Academic Success and Employment Opportunities: The Gender Balance in Algeria - Benghabrit-Remaoun, Nouria (2007)
Upon gaining independence a country always perceives education as an essential tool toward development, and one of the major aims of third world countries is to democratize or open up their education systems.
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Monitoring the biological effects of pollution on the Algerian west coast using mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis - Benghali, Sofiane; Kaddouri, Amina; Boutiba, Zitouni (Oceanologia, 2007)
The Algerian west coast is the prime recipient ofseveral f ofpollution; hence, the necessity for an impact assessment of this coastal pollution using a suite ofrecommended marine biomarkers, including lysosomal membrane stability in living cells by the Neutral Red Retention Time (NRRT) method, the evaluation ofmicronucleus (MN) f requency, and the determination ofacetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, sampled from the large, polluted Oran Harbour (OH) and the Maˆ) marine mussel f between July 2005 and April 2006. The difference in the variations ofthe annual physical parameters between OH and Mrfcorresponds to the influence ofthe domestic and industrial sewage discharged by the city ofOran. The biological data ofthe mussels (condition index, protein content) recorded at both sites were related to their natural reproductive cycle. This indicated that intrinsic variation between the sites due to different mussel development phases was minimal. The variation in the AChE activity ofsome organs ofOH and Mrfmussels, with minimal inhibition in July and a higher NRRT recorded in the granular haemocytes in the Mrfthan The complete text of the paper is available at http://www.iopan.gda.pl/oceanologia/
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Teacher Motivation in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia - Bennell, Paul; Akyeampong, Kwame (2007)
This book is based on research which explored teacher motivation and incentive issues in 12 countries in South Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa. The book addresses four main questions: (1) To what extent is there a problem of poor motivation among teachers in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia? Does this amount to a 'crisis', as has been suggested by some observers? (2) If so, what are the main reasons for poor teacher motivation? (3) How do poor motivation and incentives affect teacher performance and the overall effectiveness of national education systems? and finally (4) What should be done to ensure that teachers are adequately motivated? Based on the evidence from the research, the authors argue for better incentives for rural teachers and that unless this is done, the large majority of children who live in rural areas will continue to receive poor quality education. Also, despite some improvements in pay in recent years in some countries, most primary school teachers, particularly in relatively high-cost urban centres are simply unable to meet their basic household needs. It argues for attractive career structures for primary school teachers and improvements in teacher accountability to school management and to parents and the community.
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Teacher Motivation in Sub-Saharan Africa andSouth Asia. Researching the Issues 71 - Bennell, Paul; Akyeampong, Kwame (2007)
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Kano State, Federal Republic of Nigeria: Education Public Expenditure Review - Bennell, Paul; Dandago, Kabir Isa; Sagagi, Murtala Sabo (2007)
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Lessons learnt from SACMEQII: South African student performance in regional context - Berg, Servaas van der; Louw, Mercia (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
In regional context, South African students benefit from above average levels of public and private education resources. However, their performance on international tests – including SACMEQII (Southern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality, 2000) – is extremely weak. The first part of the paper positions South Africa within southern and eastern Africa on the basis of SACMEQII Grade 6 mathematics test scores. Hierarchical linear modelling techniques are then employed to model the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and schooling in this highly unequal country. Three important drivers of inequity in test scores emerge: principal concern with monitoring student progress, teacher absenteeism and teacher quality. These interact with SES to give richer students a strong advantage.
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In search of journalism education excellence in Africa: Summary of the 2006 Unesco project - Berger, G. (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
In 2006, Unesco contracted two universities to research African journalism schools, Rhodes University's School of Journalism and Media Studies (RU) and Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme de Lille (ESJ). The major outcome of the research was intended to be a list of potential Centres of Excellence in African journalism education. However, to reach this point, two preliminary stages were required: first, to map the universe of African schools, and second, to define the criteria and indicators for what would constitute such centres. For the purposes of this overview, focus will be on the mapping part of the project, reporting on some of the issues involved and the significance of this part of the research. The full report of the project is available online at: www.Unesco.org/webworld/en/african-journalism-schools-report.
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In search of journalism education excellence in Africa: Summary of the 2006 Unesco project - Berger, Guy (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
In 2006, Unesco contracted two universities to research African journalism schools, Rhodes University's School of Journalism and Media Studies (RU) and Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme de Lille (ESJ). The major outcome of the research was intended to be a list of potential Centres of Excellence in African journalism education. However, to reach this point, two preliminary stages were required: first, to map the universe of African schools, and second, to define the criteria and indicators for what would constitute such centres. For the purposes of this overview, focus will be on the mapping part of the project, reporting on some of the issues involved and the significance of this part of the research. The full report of the project is available online at: www.Unesco.org/webworld/en/african-journalism-schools-report.
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Disability as Embodied Memory? A Question of Identity for the Amputees of Sierra Leone - Berghs, Maria (2007)
This paper examines the problematic construction of amputee identity in Sierra Leone society after the decade long civil war through discourses and imagery of amputees presented in the media. Empowerment by NGO’s and other charities lead to a reaffirmation of amputee identity in which notions of class, ethnicity, and age may not play a big role, but gender certainly remains a relevant cultural marker.
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Establishing the First School of Pharmacy in Malawi - Berry, Michael; Lockwood, Geoffrey (2007)
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Educating The Nation: Race And Nationalism In Tanzanian Schools - Bertz, Ned (2007)
The political dynamic in late colonial Tanganyika offered nationalists explosive choices which laid bare popular and official understandings about the relationship between citizenship, education, and race. In the dialectical encounter between colonialism and nationalism, certain categories like religion, race, and ethnicity became the political bulwark of colonial power. This chapter looks at the changing intersections of state policy on education, nationalist sentiments, and racialised public discourse to address the issue: how to evaluate whether or not Tanzanian Africans and Indians have, to paraphrase the letter-writer, ?travelled in the same boat'. Tanzania's economy collapsed in the 1980s, leading to a new era in the political and economic history of the country, and a reorganisation of schools. Painful cutbacks in social services were the concomitant of the structural adjustment programs of the 1980s, and the axe fell sharply on education. Keywords: colonial school; late colonial Tanganyika; nationalism; Tanzanian Africans
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Establishment of a multi-stakeholder e-Learning Centre in Namibia - Beukes-Amiss, Catherine M. (2007)
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Drivers for adoption and integration of education for all (EFA) into educational policy-making in Tanzania - Bhalalusesa, Eustella (Journal of Adult Education, 2007)
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Disparities of Education and Poverty Among Households in Ghana - Bhasin, Vijay; Obeng, Camara Kwasi (The IUP Journal of Applied Economics, 2007)
Ghana has adopted a poverty reduction strategy that emphasizes on an increased focus on poverty reduction in the design and implementation of its policies. The study uses the Ghana Living Standard Survey 4 data for the year 1998-99. It disaggregates the sample into five categories of households, namely agricultural farmers, public sector employees, private sector employees, non-farm self-employed, and non-working. The study identifies the level of education of these households according to four stages of education, i.e., primary, junior secondary, secondary, and tertiary. The study shows that negative relationship between the level of education and poverty is valid only in the case of incidence of poverty of agricultural farmers. There are more disparities in the households with primary and junior secondary level of education than the secondary and tertiary level. The disparities in the incidence of poverty are more noticeable among the households with secondary and tertiary educated heads than the households with primary and junior secondary educated heads. The disparities in the depth of poverty are more noticeable among the households with primary and secondary educated heads than the households with junior secondary and tertiary educated heads. The disparities in the severity of poverty are more noticeable among the households with primary and junior secondary educated heads than the households with secondary and tertiary educated heads. There exist significant differences in the incidence, depth, and severity of poverty across various categories of household heads and their level of education.
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African American Female Educators and African American Male Students: The Intersection of Race and Gender in Urban Elementary Classrooms - Billingsley, Kia A. (2007)
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26 Pollution intérieure et asthme en pays sahélien, Burkina Faso - Birba, E.; Ouédraogo, M.; Bambara, Apolline; Savadogo, E.; Zoubga, A. Z.; Dembélé, Souleymane (Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 2007)
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Does Money Matter for Student Performance? Evidence from a Grant Program in Uganda - Björkman, Martina (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
In response to extensive corruption in the education sector, the Government of Uganda began to publish newspaper ads on the timing and amount of funds disbursed to the districts. The intent of the campaign was to boost schools' and parents' ability to monitor the local officials in charge of disbursing funds to the schools. The mass information campaign was successful. But since newspaper penetration varies greatly across districts, the exposure to information about the program, and thus funding, differ across districts. I use this variation in program exposure between districts to evaluate whether public funds have an effect on student performance. The results show that money matters: On average, students in districts highly exposed to the information campaign, and hence to the grant program, scored 0.40 standard deviations better in the Primary Leaving Exam (PLE) than students in districts less exposed to information. The results are robust to controlling for a broad range of confounding factors.
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Learning from the Extreme Poor : Participatory Approaches to Fostering Child Health in Madagascar - Blanchard, Caroline; Godinot, Xavier; Laureau, Chantal; Wodon, Quentin (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
Very poor people are often considered ignorant and even incapable of thinking, because they have had no opportunity to gain skill in expression through education. The experience of contempt and exclusion is deep among the poorest, whether they live in rich or poor countries, and it often prevents them from participating in social programs. This note provides a summary of a study on access to health care conducted by the International Movement ATD Fourth World in Madagascar, with the aim to outline the organization's approach to reaching the very poor and building projects in close partnership with them.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION: A CRITICAL SOCIAL EXAMINATION OF A RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL IN GHANA - Boateng, Beatrice A. (2007)
BOATENG, BEATRICE A., Ph.D., March 2007, Instructional Technology TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION: A CRITICAL SOCIAL EXAMINATION OF A RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL IN GHANA (230 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Teresa J. Franklin Research on the use of computers in Ghanaian schools indicates that there is a concentration of use in urban schools while rural schools continue to lag behind. This study examined how computers and related technology were used in a rural school in the Central Region of Ghana, Twifo Praso secondary school. It addressed issues on use or non use of computers and related technology within the critical social theory framework in order to determine the underlying social, economic, and political factors that affected the use of the technology the school. Data was collected through in depth interviews of 16 interviewees, a teacher and student focus group, participant observations and document analysis. This research found that 1. There have been computers available at Twifo Praso secondary school since 2002. The computers were acquired through a school technology fee paid by all students. 2. Although most of the teachers interviewed had had some form of computer training, they did not use computers for any form of instruction in the school. This was attributed to inadequate training and a lack of knowledge on technology applications in the curriculum. 3. Only students in grade 12 were observed using computers. A computer literacy class was taught with no association to any subject matter although some of the exams required computer knowledge. Also, students were generally found to be more knowledgeable about computers than teachers. I conclude by proposing a model that could improve participation of teachers, students, parents in technology issues that affect the school. Participation could lead to an increase in access to computers and this could result in the effective integration of computers and related technology at Twifo Praso secondary school. Approved: _________________________________________________ Teresa J. Franklin Professor of Educational Studies Acknowledgements I thank God for giving me the strength and perseverance during this process. I thank my husband, Dr. Kwasi Boateng for being my toughest critique and my strong pillar. My gratitude goes out to Dr. Diane Ciekawy, Dr. Teresa Franklin, Dr. Jaylynne Hutchinson, Dr. Sandra Turner and Dr. Adah Ward Randolph. Thank you for your support, advice and direction throughout my doctoral program. A special thanks goes out to my uncle, Dr. Seth Kumi for his unwavering support. Lastly, I thank my parents, Emmanuel G. and Juliet S. Kumi who always encouraged us to never give up. 7 Table of
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Small school conversion and African-American student academic identity and aspiration - Bobby, Kim Renee (2007)
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Implications of Climate Change on Water Resources in Kenya and Adaptation Options. - Boga, Hamadi Iddi; Agwata, Jones F.; Obudho, Peninah A. (2007)
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Exploring online communities of practice for biology teachers in Botswana - Boitshwarelo, Bopelo (2007)
This study, which sought to determine the potential of an online community of practice among biology teachers in Botswana, has identified teacher level, school level and systemic influences as shaping the process and outcome of an online intervention into a teacher professional development programme run by the University of Botswana.
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SEASONAL CHANGES OF MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN A WESTERN CAPE RIVER, SOUTH AFRICA, RECEIVING NONPOINT-SOURCE INSECTICIDE POLLUTION - Bollmohr, Silke; Schulz, Ralf (Environmental toxicology and chemistry (Print), 2007)
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Successful African American students in two-way immersion programs: Parent and student perceptions - Boone, Sonia Kay (2007)
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HYDROCARBON WATER POLLUTION BY BIOAUGMENTATION USING SOUTHERN AFRICAN BACTERIAL ISOLATES - Booyjzsen, Claire (2007)
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A gender approach to Environmental Education in Morocco - Borghi, Rachele; Camuffo, Monica (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007)
In this paper we present as case study the village of Hassilabiad in the Moroccan oasis region and the activities of the Association Hassilabiad (AHT), particularly those addressed to the involvement of the women. The Moroccan oasis region is subjected to new environmental problems. The Government often delegates their solution to the local administrations that have not the resources to solve them. Therefore the role of the local associations is growing. The Association AHT is facing the problems related to desertification, and also the new emergencies caused by wastes and waste waters, involving a fundamental social actor: the women. Because of their daily activities, women are strongly related to the environment and are those who are directly affected by and have to manage the environmental problems.
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South African journalism education: Working towards the future by looking back - Botha, N.; Beer, A. S. de (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
Not unlike elsewhere in the world, journalism studies in South Africa has gathered new impetus after decades of trying to find its niche within the university scholarly and the media industry environments. Since the South African turn to democracy in 1994, journalism and journalism education have experienced profound changes. Technologically, reporting has moved from a position where conventional printed media, radio and television dominated, to a landscape where the internet and satellite technology enabled those with access to the internet to be a ‘journalist’ of sorts. The political landscape transformed almost beyond recognition, and so did the need for a new approach to journalism education. The authors argue that now, more than a decade after South Africa's socio-political transformation, it has become imperative to consider the scope and significance of the changes that had occurred in the field of journalism and journalism education.
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South African journalism education: Working towards the future by looking back - Botha, Nicolene; Beer, Arnold S. de (Ecquid Novi, 2007)
Not unlike elsewhere in the world, journalism studies in South Africa has gathered new impetus after decades of trying to find its niche within the university scholarly and the media industry environments. Since the South African turn to democracy in 1994, journalism and journalism education have experienced profound changes. Technologically, reporting has moved from a position where conventional printed media, radio and television dominated, to a landscape where the internet and satellite technology enabled those with access to the internet to be a ‘journalist’ of sorts. The political landscape transformed almost beyond recognition, and so did the need for a new approach to journalism education. The authors argue that now, more than a decade after South Africa's socio-political transformation, it has become imperative to consider the scope and significance of the changes that had occurred in the field of journalism and journalism education.
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Micro-Credit and climate change adaptation in Rural Kenya: An insight into the potential of micro-credit as adaptation model - Botzen, Wouter; Sheremet, Oleg (IVM Report, 2007)
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The Impact of the Skills Development Levy at a South African Higher Education Institution: The First Five Years. - Boughey, John; Heerden, Eve van (Higher Education Review, 2007)
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Teacher Shortages, Teacher Contracts and Their Impact on Education in Africa - Bourdon, Jean; Frölich, Markus; Michaelowa, Katharina (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
Primary school enrolment rates are very low in francophone Africa. In order to enhance education supply, manycountries have launched large teacher recruitment programmes in recent years, whereby teachers are no longer engaged on civil servant positions, but on the basis of (fixed-term) contracts typically implying considerably lower salaries and a sharply reduced duration of professional training. While this policy has led to a boost of primary enrolment, there is a concern about a loss in the quality of education. In this paper we analyse the impact on educational quality, by estimating nonparametrically the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries. We find that contract teachers do relatively better for low ability children in low grades than for high ability children in higher grades. When positive treatment effects were found, they tended to be more positive at the low to medium quantiles; when negative effects were found they tended to be more pronounced at the high ability quantiles. Hence, overall it seems that contract teachers do a relatively better job for teaching students with learning difficulties than for teaching the ‘more advanced' children. This implies that contract teachers tend to reduce inequalities in student outcomes. At the same time, we also observe clear differences between the countries. We find that, overall, effects are positive in Mali, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is consistent with theoretical expectations derived from a closer examination of the different ways of implementation of the contract teacher programme in the three countries. In Mali and, to some extent, in Togo, the contract teacher system works more through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger, the system was changed in a centralized way with all contract teachers being public employees, so that there is no reason to expect much impact on local monitoring. In addition, the extremely fast hiring of huge numbers of contract teachers may also have contributed to relatively poor performance in Niger. These results are expected to be relevant for other sub-Saharan African countries, too, as well as for the design of new contract teacher programmes in the future.
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Teacher shortages, teacher contracts and their impact on education in Africa - Bourdon, Jean; Michaelowa, Katharina; Frölich, Markus (HWWI Research Papers, 2007)
Primary school enrolment rates are very low in francophone Africa. In order to enhance education supply, many countries have launched large teacher recruitment programmes in recent years, whereby teachers are no longer engaged on civil servant positions, but on the basis of (fixed-term) contracts typically implying considerably lower salaries and a sharply reduced duration of professional training. While this policy has led to a boost of primary enrolment, there is a concern about a loss in the quality of education. In this paper we analyse the impact on educational quality, by estimating nonparametrically the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries. We find that contract teachers do relatively better for low ability children in low grades than for high ability children in higher grades. When positive treatment effects were found, they tended to be more positive at the low to medium quantiles; when negative effects were found they tended to be more pronounced at the high ability quantiles. Hence, overall it seems that contract teachers do a relatively better job for teaching students with learning difficulties than for teaching the more advanced children. This implies that contract teachers tend to reduce inequalities in student outcomes.
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Theological education in Africa: why does it matter? - Bowers, Paul (Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology, 2007)
When a history of evangelical theological education in modern Africa comes to be written, it will doubtless take as one defining moment the founding in 1976 of the Accrediting Council for Theological Education in Africa, ACTEA. That would not be the only defining moment in such a history, but easily it has proven to be among the most consequential in the last half century. For it was with the emergence of ACTEA that evangelical theological education in Africa first gained that sense of common identity, that sense of community, of shared values and purpose, that has so bonded and energized the movement ... to a degree that we almost take for granted today.
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Understanding the integration process of captive chimpanzees Pan troglodytes in the Uganda Wildlife Education Centre - Box, O (Acta Zoologica Sinica, 2007)
Over a period of 30 years between 1967 and 1997, the population of wild chimpanzees Pan troglodytes in their natural habitats of tropical Africa has declined from 600 000 to less than 200 000 and is still declining thus raising global concern and a great need for their ex situ conservation. In the wild, chimpanzees live in communities and this is mimicked in captivity. For ex situ conservation of wild chimpanzees to be effective, efforts should be made to ensure acceptance of newly introduced individuals by those chimpanzees already living in zoo communities. This study was first conducted at the Uganda Wildlife Education Centre (UWEC) from October 2004 to March 2005 and additional information was gathered between September 2006 and January 2007 in order to understand their integration process. Five chimpanzees were observed and data were collected concerning their feeding habits, behavior, weight changes and health status. Direct observations, recorded information and participatory discussions with veterinary doctors and UWEC managers provided additional information about captive chimpanzees. From our findings, wild chimpanzees had more diseases than captive ones which in turn affected their feeding, social behavior and activity levels. Our results also show that understanding the integration process of captive chimpanzees is essential for both ex situ and in situ conservation because captive chimpanzees though given much attention, they still reflect some behavior of the wild nones.
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Subcutaneous : the life experience of African American transsexual college students - Bradley, Darnell J. (2007)
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A Study of African- American College Students' Attitudes towards Mathematics - Bramlett, David Charles (2007)
This research focuses on the belief that a person’s attitude affects the way they view, pursue, and achieve within a subject area. From research using the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales come Fennema’s Theory, which Tapia and Marsh (2004) explain as the belief that performance in mathematics is an interaction of attitudes, mathematics anxiety, and behavior that occur during a learning task. The participants of the research were African-American students enrolled in college algebra at a Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU). For the most part, this was the first mathematics course that the majority of the participants had enrolled in while a student at the institution. The Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales were administered to determine the students’ attitudes towards mathematics. The Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales has been used over the last three decades to evaluate students of various ethnic backgrounds and gender and at various academic grade levels from middle school to college level students. This research centered on the hypothesis that there will be a significant relationship between attitude towards mathematics and achievement for AfricanAmerican students. A multiple linear regression revealed that there was a significant relationship between attitude towards mathematics and achievement for African-American students with 15.3% of the grade being explained by the attitude domain scales. The results of the research found that students would like to be successful in mathematics, but they do not want to put too much effort or work into doing the mathematical problems.
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Reconciliation and Peace in Education in South Africa: The Constitutional Framework and Practical Manifestation in School Education - Bray, Elmene; Joubert, Rika (2007)
South Africa’s history has been blemished by racial discrimination and political violence. In the education sphere, a white minority regime forced upon the majority of South Africans (i.e., blacks) an inferior and discriminatory “Bantu” education system that eventually resulted in schools and universities being turned into bloody battlefields.
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A Critique of Distance Learning as an Educational Tool for GIS in South Africa - Breetzke, Gregory Dennis (Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 2007)
The advancement of distance learning as an educational tool for geographic information systems (GIS) has been at the forefront of educational development at tertiary institutions in the last decade in South Africa. Distance education is envisaged as a means whereby previously disadvantaged members of society, of all ages, can enrol either directly or remotely at a tertiary education institution at a reduced cost. The experiences of the UNIGIS distance learning programme at the University of Pretoria (UP) in South Africa have shown that logistical, technical and practical problems, including a high cancellation rate and the delayed completion of the programme in its entirety, abound when attempts are made to reproduce an internationally recognized distance-based course in a developing world environment. Critical success factors are identified and need to be fully satisfied before widespread GIS dissemination through distance education in South Africa can be achieved.
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Steering from a distance: funding mechanisms and student access and success in higher education in South Africa - Breier, Mignonne; Roux, Pieter Le (2007)
This paper is concerned partly with some of the broader questions in the political economy of higher education in South Africa. In which direction is higher education being steered and ought it to be steered in another direction? In section 2 of this paper the authors consider the empirical patterns that have emerged during the past two decades and show that the funding formulas and other policy interventions by government, together with the matriculation success rates and government spending on education, have had a significant impact on the types of changes taking place, but often not as was intended by those who designed policy. In section 3 the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NFSAS),is discussed. The authors argue that it needs to adjust to the new realities in education, where socio-economic background rather than race per se is the most important factor defining the ability of students to enter and succeed in higher education. In section 4 they show why the New Funding Formula is likely to have consequences very different from what it intends. It is criticised for using race as a proxy to determine whether students are socio-economically disadvantaged and for various other features likely to have unintended consequences.  Finally, in section 5 it is argued that higher education institutions need to be steered in a fashion which will ensure that they also develop the potential of the able students from the bottom four socio-economic quintiles.
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