Learning Through Inter-Organisational Interactions: Public Research Institutes in the Nigerian Biopharmaceutical System of Innovation - Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Banji; Sampath, Padmashree Gehl (The European Journal of Development Research, 2007)
openalex: W1964522141 mag: 1964522141
Keywords: openalex:import

Are asperity patterns persistent? Implication from large earthquakes in Papua New Guinea - Park, Sun‐Cheon; Mori, Jim (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007)
We studied the distribution of asperities for large recent earthquakes along the New Britain trench, Papua New Guinea, to investigate if they are the same for repeated ruptures of the subduction boundary. We determined the slip distributions of two earthquakes (M w ∼ 8) in 1971 using P diff waveforms, and an earthquake (M w 7.9) in 1995 using direct teleseismic P waves. Combining these findings with previous results for two earthquakes (M w ∼ 7.5) in 2000, we compared the source areas and asperity distributions for this region of the New Britain Trench. Our results show that the locations of the asperities for the individual earthquakes did not significantly overlap, although the same portion of the subduction zone seems to have reruptured. This fact supports the idea that asperities are not persistent features when portions of the New Britain subduction zone slip in large earthquakes.
openalex: W2068617924 mag: 2068617924
Keywords: openalex:import

Triggering of earthquakes during the 2000 Papua New Guinea earthquake sequence - Park, Sun‐Cheon; Mori, Jim (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007)
A sequence of large earthquakes occurred in the New Britain/New Ireland region of Papua New Guinea in late 2000. The sequence started with a M w 6.8 earthquake along the New Britain Trench on 29 October. About 20 days later a M w 8.2 earthquake occurred in the New Ireland region on 16 November and produced large strike‐slip surface displacements and tsunamis. Following the M w 8.2 event, two large earthquakes (M w ∼ 7.5) occurred along the nearby New Britain Trench on 16 and 17 November. Furthermore, small triggered events were observed over a wide area outside of the rupture zones of the large earthquakes, with different focal mechanisms from those of the major events. There is likely some mechanism(s) that triggered this remarkable sequence, and we document the details of the spatial and temporal patterns of the events. We investigated if static stress changes can explain the initiation of the large earthquakes and also some groups of triggered smaller events. There are mixed results. The occurrences of the two M ∼ 7.5 major events may be explained by the static stress changes; however, there are also some earthquakes that are not consistent with triggering by static stress changes. There may be multiple mechanisms, including static and dynamic stress changes, that are needed to explain the complicated sequence of earthquakes.
openalex: W2049147956 mag: 2049147956
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Early Childhood Development and E-Learning in Africa: The Early Childhood Development Virtual University Programme - Pence, Alan (E-learning and digital media, 2007)
This article explores the development and evaluation of the graduate-level Early Childhood Development Virtual University (ECDVU) programme in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2001 through to 2004. It outlines the history of the ECDVU and the establishing of a Sub-Saharan programme for future leaders in the early childhood field guided by the key principle of community capacity building, developed through the author's involvement in an undergraduate educational programme in aboriginal communities of western Canada. The article explores the role of online technologies in the design, implementation and assessment of the ECDVU programme. A complex mix of online and face-to-face engagement was seen to underpin the programme's success in supporting students to enhance their contribution to the development of early childhood programmes in their respective communities.
openalex: W2157593521 mag: 2157593521
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The development and evaluation of a pilot school-based programme for prevention of HIV/AIDS among visually impaired and blind South African adolescents - Philander, J. H. (2007)
openalex: W2099642473 mag: 2099642473
Keywords: openalex:import

Trans-cultural nursing : exploring the experiences of international students visiting Namibia : research article - Pretorius, Louise; Small, LF (2007)
In 'n wAareld wat vinnig verander vind ons dat persone van uiteenlopende kulture meer migreer. Verpleegkundiges bevind hulle midde in die proses en kom gevolglik in kontak met pasiA«nte en kliA«nte met 'n ander wAareld- en gesondheidsbeskouing. Verpleegopvoeders is alreeds vir 'n lang tyderk bewus van die tendens wat blyk uit die proaktiewe insluiting van transkulturele inhoud in verpleegkurrikula. NamibiA« is een van die lande wat besoek word deur verpleegstudente. Vanuit 'n akademiese oogpunt is die studente heel goed voorberei aangesien hulle die nodige instruksies en doelwitte van hulle opleidingsinstansies ontvang het. Die meeste besoekende studente het in die verlede kommentaar gelewer op die akklimatisering van die land en die wAareldbeskouing van die NamibiA«rs. Dit blyk dat hulle totaal verskillende verwagtinge gehad het as wat hulle ervaar het. Dit het dus nodig geword dat hulle die nodige basiese riglyne moes ontvang om die diskrepansie te oorbrug en om hulle besoek meer betekenisvol te maak. 'n Kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele studie is gedoen om die aard van hulle ervaringe te bepaal. Data is oor 'n tydperk van vier jaar ingesamel en het bestaan uit die narratiewe wat geskryf is deur studente wat ten minste 12 weke in die Namibiese gesondheidsdienste deurgebring het as besoekende verpleegkundiges. Drie temas is uit die data verkry. Hierdie temas het ingesluit (1) gevoelens van erkenning van verskille in verpleegsorg, (2) gevoelens van kultuurskok, en (3) dankbaarheid vir die geleentheid om 'n kulturele wisselwerking te beleef. Op grond van hierdie temas is riglyne ontwikkel. Die riglyne behels aspekte soos die gesondheidstruktuur van die land, gesondheidsgesindhede en oortuigings, sowel as die wetlike aspekte en die filosofie van gesondheidsorg in NamibiA«. In a rapidly changing world, where people from diverse cultures move about more readily, nurses may find themselves faced with patients and clients with a totally different world perspective and health belief system. Because this aspect has long been recognised by nurse educators, many educational institutions, in a proactive fashion, have incorporated trans-cultural nursing content in their nursing curricula. As possible options for students to gain clinical exposure in caring for a culturally diverse population, educational visits by student nurses to foreign countries have been increasingly accepted and credited. Namibia is amongst the countries that are visited by foreign nursing students, who are usually well-prepared with regard to what is required during their clinical exposure, as their educational institutions provide them with instructions and objectives. However, they are not as well-prepared in respect of acclimatising to the country per se and the world view of Namibians. In fact, it appears that there is a huge gap between their expectations and reality. Consequently, it becomes necessary to provide them with basic guidelines to bridge this discrepancy and to make their visit more meaningful. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted to determine the nature of their experiences. Data were collected over a period of four years by means of narratives that were written by students who had spent at least 12 weeks within the Namibian health care services as visiting nurses. Three themes emerged, namely (1) experiences relating to recognition of differences in care delivery, (2) experiences relating to feelings of culture shock, and (3) appreciation for experiencing a cultural encounter. Based on these themes, guidelines were constructed. These guidelines addressed aspects such as the health structure of the country, health belief systems, legal aspects, and the philosophy of nursing care in Namibia.
openalex: W2262546522 mag: 2262546522
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Valuable training in South Africa - Reid, Adam J. (The BMJ, 2007)
openalex: W4243099190
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Challenges in Introducing Distance Education Programme in Eritrea: Some Observations and Implications - Rena, Ravinder (Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich), 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea is a newly independent country in Africa is been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It did not have more educational institutions at tertiary level. Thus the distance learning is the best option for this country. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss various problems related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes so far undertaken in the country with concluding remarks.
openalex: W2131907556 mag: 2131907556
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Challenges in Introducing Distance Education Programme in Eritrea: Some Observations and Implications - Rena, Ravinder (DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2007)
All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea is a newly independent country in Africa is been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It did not have more educational institutions at tertiary level. Thus the distance learning is the best option for this country. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss various problems related to the establishment and development of distance education. It also provides the distance education programmes so far undertaken in the country with concluding remarks.
openalex: W3149926643 mag: 3149926643
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“The impact of teaching-learning anatomy in the training and performance of medical doctors in Mozambique" - Rodrigues, Maria do Céu (2007)
Student Number : 9713472V - PhD thesis - School of Anatomical Sciences - Faculty of Health Sciences
openalex: W2279091450 mag: 2279091450
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Book Review: Impact of Animal Source Foods on Growth, Morbidity and Iron Bioavailability in Kenyan School Children - Scrimshaw, Nevin S. (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2007)
openalex: W4248259359
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African clothing and textile firms can learn from China - Soko, Mills (2007)
African countries can draw useful lessons from China's experience of managing the reform of its textile and clothing industries. Amid the furore over rising Chinese imports into the African markets, it has been forgotten that China's textile and garment sectors also underwent a painful period of structural adjustment in the 1990s.
openalex: W2285900501 mag: 2285900501
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The “A” factor: Coming to terms with the question of legacy in South African education - Soudien, Crain (International Journal of Educational Development, 2007)
This paper attempts to offer an alternative framework for assessing education delivery in South Africa. Its purpose is to develop an analytic approach for understanding education delivery in South Africa in the last 11 years and to use this framework to pose a set of strategic questions about how policy might be framed to deal with delivery. The paper begins with a quick review of the country's achievements and challenges in education and shows that a failure to produce a high quality education system remains the country's primary challenge. The broad approach that is taken is to suggest that dominant approaches for understanding this lack of performance underplay the specificity of the country's context and specifically so its apartheid legacy. This legacy, it is argued, continues to be determinative in shaping, and accounting for the character of current social behaviour in the country, including the performance of children in schools.
openalex: W2018003171 mag: 2018003171
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The Influence of Using a Strategy Supported by Some Experimental activity’s on the Learning Styles of Chemistry Notion In the First Year University of Algeria - Taiss, Sid Ali; Nedjemi, Boubkeur; Belaarbi, Taybe (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2007)
The aim of the present study is to identify the learning methods used by the first-stage university students, and to know as well the effect of the learning strategies designed by the chemistry laboratory group of "E.N.S.K Algeria".A sample of (185) students of both sexes were randomly selected and the Schmeck's (1983) Learning Measure Scale was distributed to the sample.As a result, this study revealed that: The students of both sexes were more alike than they differ on either their prerequisite or those newly experienced Learning methods.The differences between the students, means on both the pre-and the post learning methods were statistically significant.There were differences between the same group of students at the beginning of the academic year and at end on two of the four schmecks learning methods. The Influence of Using a Strategy Supported by SomeExperimental activity's on the Learning Styles of Chemistry Notion In the First Year University of Algeria
openalex: W2954555616 mag: 2954555616
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The Teacher Education Reform Process in Ethiopia: Some consequences on educators and its implications - Tessema, Kedir Assefa (Teaching education (Columbia, S.C.), 2007)
With the emergence of the discourse of TESO, teacher education in Ethiopia has been struggling to change rhetoric and practice by reaffirming a managerially driven reform performance. The terrain is now characterized by fresh, but globally dominant rhetoric. Salient in the emerging discourse is reform mottos and agendas such as ‘active learning’, ‘competence’, ‘participatory’, ‘paradigm shift’ and ‘system overhaul’. However, the process pursued by the ‘reform’ task performers is noticeably and evidently characterized as a managerial approach which sidesteps pedagogues and pedagogy in favor of fulfilling instrumental, central and market‐oriented agendas. The process has so far signaled a ‘reform’ process which I typically refer to as peripheralization of pedagogical practitioners. Conspicuously absent in the process is a critical vision of learning to teach and a structural continuum that connects faculty and school. The process has so far clung to the reinscribing of traditional modes of doing teacher education which has fallen far short of fulfilling what is in the high sounding rhetoric.
openalex: W1976773760 mag: 1976773760
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The shift towards consulting psychology in South Africa : implications for training - Thomas, Paul N. (2007)
openalex: W2160598480 mag: 2160598480
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Uplifting A People: Essays on African-American Philanthropy and Education - Tilghman, Brandon L (International Journal of Educational Advancement, 2007)
openalex: W1572694338 mag: 1572694338
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Instructional supervisory practices of Zimbabwean school principals - Tshabalala, Thembinkosi (2007)
openalex: W1559239655 mag: 1559239655
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at komfo anokye teaching hospital, kumasi, ghana. - Turpin, Cornelius Archer; Minkah, Bridget; Danso, KA; Frimpong, Enoch (PubMed, 2007)
Symptomatic bacteriuria is common in pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. Although asymptomatic bacteriuria could also lead to such complications, this fact is not so well known. This study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi.A prospective study to screen antenatal attendants for asymptomatic bacteriuria.The study was undertaken at KATH.All pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at KATH, Kumasi between February and April 2003 and who agreed to enter the study were clinically evaluated to exclude signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI).Samples of 10-15ml urine were examined for pus cells, bacteria and parasitic ova. The samples were further cultured on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and colony counts yielding bacterial growth of 10(5)/ml or more of pure isolates were deemed significant.Of the 220 pregnant women, 16 had significant bacteriuria giving a prevalence rate of 7.3%. The highest age-specific prevalence was found in the 35-39 year-olds (13%) and the lowest in the 15-19 year-olds (0.0%). There was no significant difference in prevalence with increasing parity. The dominant bacteria isolates were E. coli (37%) and Staph aureus (31%).The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women at KATH is 7.3%. The predominant organisms are E.coli and Staph aureus, and most isolates are sensitive to nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and gentamicin.
openalex: W1962767574 mag: 1962767574
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The Role of Nigerian Primary School Libraries in Literacy and Lifelong Learning - Usoro, Ima M. P.; Usanga, Eboro E. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2007)
UGC: Infonet: E-Journals Consortium is the one amongst the foremost programmes launched by University Grants Commission (UGC), India for the free flow of scholarly information between the Indian universities. It is a new phase for the higher educational system of the country in which peer-reviewed literature from all across the world is being given to the academic and research community. The programme is fully funded by UGC and being monitored and executed by Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre. INFLIBNET has taken various steps to make exhaustive and comprehensive usage of provided e-resources, by the member universities. The Centre has also conducted various seminars, conferences, training and awareness programmes to make the end user aware about the benefits and use of e-resources in terms of information search, browse and download. In the sequence of various programmes, 5 national seminars were also conducted in different regions of the country. In these seminars a well-designed questionnaire was circulated, to know the awareness level of the users about the UGC-Infonet initiative. Through this paper an attempt is made to analyze the feedback given by the user and valuable suggestions and ambiguities are also observed
openalex: W2992614803 mag: 2992614803
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Disability and care-giving in old age in a Nigerian community. - Uwakwe, Richard; Modebe, I (PubMed, 2007)
To describe the pattern of disability and care for older community residents in a selected Nigerian location.Older persons living at home in Okporo Community were first identified through the traditional ruler and his assistant. The socio demographic profiles and any present diseases of these older subjects were obtained through a face- to face interview and they were subsequently assessed with the modified World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule Short version (WHO DAS-S). The primary care givers of the older subjects were interviewed to obtain their actual care giving role. A summarized Zarit Burden Interview and the twelve item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to measure the emotional impact on the caregivers.A total of 102 older subjects were recruited, with about 47% having some form of disability. Many comorbid physical diseases were reported. Most of the older subjects' children had left the community and females were the main care providers. Help with self-care was the greatest problem reported by the carers and care giving was regarded as very heavy burden associated with high emotional distress.Disability is high in community elderly subjects. Care giving is proving a great challenge in the face of children disserting their parents, and increasing harsh economy. There is need for a systematic, realistic plan to implement qualitative care policy for older Nigerians.
openalex: W1518525384 mag: 1518525384
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From People's Education to Neo-Liberalism in South Africa - Vally, Salim (Review of African Political Economy, 2007)
In his address at the 10th Anniversary celebration of the Foundation for Human Rights in Pretoria, 29 November 2006 Neville Alexander posed the following question: Why is it that in spite of a constitution that was arrived at in a 20th century model of democratic bargaining and consensus building and in which are enshrined some of the noblest sentiments and insights concerning human rights, we are living in a situation where very few of those rights appear to be realised, or even realisable, in practice? This paper attempts to answer this question through an analysis of the struggle to attain education rights in South Africa. This exercise it is hoped, will also allow us to further unravel the class nature of the South African state, the political economy of the transition (for extensive and excellent analysis of the latter see Marais, 1998; Bond, 2000 and Alexander, 2002) and the importance of the oppositional role of the new and independent social movements.
openalex: W2065448222 mag: 2065448222
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THE CHANGING FACE OF PUBLIC FINANCING OF HIGHER EDUCATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SOUTH AFRICA^1 - Villiers, Pierre de; Steyn, Gert J. (South African Journal of Economics, 2007)
Abstract Higher education displays characteristics of both private and public goods and there is a trend worldwide to expect individuals to pay more of the costs of their higher education. In South Africa public funding of higher education decreased from 0.86% of GDP in 1986 to only 0.66% in 2006; so that student tuition fees had to be increased to compensate for this loss of income. In the process staff numbers were kept relatively constant while student numbers increased appreciably. Two future scenarios, based on public higher education expenditure as a percentage of GDP and on real state allocation per WFTES, are spelt out. Although the qualifications awarded per FTE academic staff member increased over time, the graduation rates of the higher education institutions in South Africa are worsening. High‐level research, measured in publication units per FTE academic staff member, shows a disturbing decreasing trend since 1997.
openalex: W2045099148 mag: 2045099148
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The Effect of Attending an Hbcu on Persistence and Graduation Outcomes of African-American College Students - Wilson, Valerie Rawlston (The Review of Black Political Economy, 2007)
openalex: W2079419540 mag: 2079419540
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Fifty-year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in the lagoon of Oualidia (Moroccan Atlantic coast) - Zourarah, Bendahhou; Maanan, Mohamed; Carruesco, Christian; Aajjane, Ahmed; Mehdi, Khalid; Freitas, M. C. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2007)
The Oualidia lagoon is known for its heavy metal pollution resulting from mining and smelting activities since the late 19th century. Here, we report 137Cs and 210Pb activities and heavy metal concentration depth profiles from sediment cores retrieved in 1997. High mean sedimentation rates of 0.6–1 cm/y are indicated by 210Pb and 137Cs dating. The lagoon sediments have recorded heavy metal deposition and thus allow establishment of a connection between the temporal evolution of the heavy metal pollution and historical changes in smelting and waste-treatment proceedings. Through a study of the evolution of heavy metal contents, we can distinguish between two categories of metals: Al, Fe and Cr contents have varied around a mean value over the last seven decades and could have natural origins. Pb, Zn, Cu and Hg have relatively more elevated contents than those of the natural geochemical background, especially in the station in front of illegal sewerage discharges. These metals are enriched at depths between 20 and 30 cm; this corresponds to the period between 1960 and 1975, which was characterized by the setting up of the main suburbs and the first aquaculture farms that surround the lagoon.
openalex: W1976834723 mag: 1976834723
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Student nurses' opinions regarding the clinical learning environment and supervision at Malamulo Hospital, Malawi - Kachiwala, Annie Yanjanani (2007)
Student Number : 0317159E - MSc(Nursing) research report - School of Therapeutics - Faculty of Health Sciences
openalex: W1541760175 mag: 1541760175
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Neglect of Girl Child Education: Bridging The Gap. A Case Study of a Nigerian Agrarian Northern Community - Osita-Oleribe, Obinna E (International NGO Journal, 2007)
Girl child education, the panacea of poverty, family disorganization and societal true development has suffered several sets backs over the years due to socio-cultural and economic factors. Till date, girls constitute the largest population of illiterate children worldwide. Using a cross sectional study design in November 2005, three different populations – parents, children of school age (5 – 18) and educational facilities in Katcha community were surveyed and information on bio-data, school enrolment and vocation collected. Data were analyzed using simple standard statistical techniques. More than 60 percent of all adults in Katcha community were illiterates, with females making up more than 64 percent of the group. Less than half of children of school age were in school at the time of study and there was a wide gap between the number of boys and girls as well as male and female teachers in Katcha institutions of learning. If the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are to be realized, then much more efforts must be invested in Girl Child Education (GCE). It is the sine qua non to a sustainable development worldwide. Key words: Girl child education, poverty, culture, Katcha, Nigeria.
openalex: W2100359261 mag: 2100359261
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Sexual behaviours and reproductive health knowledge among in‐school young people with disabilities in Ibadan, Nigeria - Olaleye, Adeniyi; Anoemuah, Olayinka A.; Ladipo, O. A.; Delano, Grace; Idowu, Grace F. (Health education (London), 2007)
Purpose The paper seeks to explore sexual behaviours and reproductive health knowledge among in‐school young people with disabilities (PWD) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach In the paper a structured questionnaire was administered to 103 randomly selected PWD, aged ten to 25, from four integrated secondary schools in Ibadan. The data were collected through face‐to‐face interview. Five categories of disability included were hearing and speech, sight, speech, intellectual, and physical disabilities. Findings The paper finds that 57 percent of the sample were females and 43 percent were males. Of the 36 (35 percent) respondents who were sexually active, 17 did not give a definite reason for their sexual initiation, nine were influenced by peers, five were “experimenting” with sex, four were raped, while one person began sexual activity for monetary gains. A total of 17 percent of the respondents had either procured abortion or been involved in the procurement of abortion for a sexual partner. In total 28 percent of the sample reported ever being raped. In total, 43 percent had been fondled, kissed, or caressed, against their wishes. Knowledge of contraceptives was reported by 40 percent. A total of 23 percent had never used condoms, while 6 percent were consistent condom users. Half of the respondents had heard about HIV/AIDS, 9 percent had tested for HIV, while 16 percent reported previous episodes of sexually transmitted infections. In total, 70 percent did not know where they could access reproductive health services. Originality/approach The paper shows that there is an urgent need to develop specific programs for young people with disabilities, especially for those in schools, to address knowledge and behaviour issues regarding reproductive health and HIV/AIDS.
openalex: W2033030530 mag: 2033030530
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Response scenarios of households to drought-driven food shortage in a semi-arid area in South Africa - Akpalu, Delali Adjoa (2007)
Student Number : 0414810F - MA research report - School of Social Sciences - Faculty of Humanities
openalex: W1555047973 mag: 1555047973
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IT Education and Workforce Participation: A New Era for Women in Kenya? - Mbarika, Victor; Payton, Fay Cobb; Kvasny, Lynette; Amadi, Atieno A. Ndede (The Information Society, 2007)
While Sub-Saharan African women have historically assumed the roles of both housewives and subsistence farmers, they have had few opportunities to participate in the modern economies of the region. However, this trend is changing with the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT), giving many Sub-Sahara African women access to computers, the Internet, and other related technologies. Based on the work of a four-member research team from Kenya and the United States, this article examines the integration of female college students into the formal ICT work sector in Kenya. We do so by examining major bottlenecks and enablers to such integration from historical and contemporary perspectives. Using an interpretive approach, we conducted 32 interviews with women in an ICT program offered by a university in Kenya. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entry into the labor market. However, they perceived significant structural barriers, such as public policies that failed to facilitate the development of the ICT sector, gender discrimination by employers, and training that provided them with insufficient technical skills to enable them to effectively perform in the workplace. These findings largely confirm the gendered perspectives found in similar studies conducted in other countries. However, what appear as global perspectives are informed by the local causes.
openalex: W2102003905 mag: 2102003905
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Contributions of educations towards eradication human trafficking in Africa - Maliki, Agnes Ebi; Ngban, Anthony Ntol (International Journal of Development and Policy Studies, 2007)
No Abstract. International Journal of Development and Policy Studies Vol. 2 (1) 2006: pp. 219-225
openalex: W2073309402 mag: 2073309402
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The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric ozone - Aghedo, A. M.; Schultz, Martin; Rast, Sebastian (Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007)
Abstract. We investigate the influence of African biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions on the tropospheric ozone over Africa and globally using a coupled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies indicate that surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic emissions yield between 5–30 ppbv increase in the near surface ozone concentration over tropical Africa. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negligible, while anthropogenic emissions yield a maximum of 7 ppbv increase in the annual-mean surface ozone concentration over Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt. Our results show that biogenic emissions are the most important African emission source affecting total tropospheric ozone. The influence of each of the African emissions on the global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) of 384 Tg yields about 9.5 Tg, 19.6 Tg, 9.0 Tg and 4.7 Tg for biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions emitted in Africa respectively. The impact of each of these emission categories on African TOB of 33 Tg is 2.5 Tg, 4.1 Tg, 1.75 Tg and 0.89 Tg respectively, which together represents about 28% of the total TOB calculated over Africa. Our model calculations also suggest that more than 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced by each of the African emissions is found outside the continent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Apart from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, Latin America experiences the largest impact of African emissions, followed by Oceania, the Middle East, Southeast and south-central Asia, northern North America (i.e. the United States and Canada), Europe and north-central Asia, for all the emission categories.
openalex: W2129837402 mag: 2129837402
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Frequency and severity of drought in the Lake Victoria region (Kenya) and its effects on food security - Awange, Joseph; Aluoch, June Akinyi; Ogallo, Laban; Omulo, Monica A.; Omondi, Philip (Climate Research, 2007)
Using monthly and seasonal precipitation data for the period 1961-1999, we established drought frequency and severity in relation to food security in the Lake Victoria region in Kenya.We used percentiles together with time series analysis for a 40 yr period, with the lower 25% of the quartile designated as the threshold values that indicate drought years.We then used percentiles and Drought Severity Index (DSI) to ascertain the physical conditions and severity of the drought years.The 1980s and 1990s were drier decades (the 1980s had more drought events than any other decade considered in this study), with lower negative anomalies in comparison to the 1960s and 1970s, and the number of drought events and their severity have been increasing in recent years (especially during the 1990s).In general, drought affects the crop planting seasons of March to May (MAM) and September to November (SON), and leads to increased food imports in the years following the drought.If the present trends persist, the Lake Victoria region will face not only more severe drought events, but also significant reductions in food security.
openalex: W1987188770 mag: 1987188770
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The Leadership of Transition: Correction, Conciliation and Change in South African Education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Journal of Educational Change, 2007)
This paper focuses on educational leadership in the context of social transition to post-apartheid democracy in South Africa. Transitional leaders manifest behaviours, attitudes, values and strategies that are deeply related to the contexts within which they work. Social norms and political climate may not be supportive of educational leaders wishing to rise to the challenge of unplanned transition; however this paper focuses on leaders who take up this challenge. Narratives of three educational leaders, two white and one black, provide an understanding of the complexities and challenges involved in bringing about change that goes against the grain of social, community, or institutional expectations. Five common strands that bind the narratives of the three leaders are revealed. These commonalities are: a sense of moral purpose, a sense of human frailty, a sense of racial inclusion, a sense of political complexity, and a sense of personal growth. In conclusion, seven propositions that may form the building blocks for new ways of thinking about leadership in post conflict societies are presented.
openalex: W2096044867 mag: 2096044867
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Introduction of Open-Source e-Learning Environment and Resources: A Novel Approach for Secondary Schools in Tanzania - Lujara, Suzan; Kissaka, M. M.; Trojer, Lena; Mvungi, Nerey H. (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2007)
The concept of e-Learning is now emerging in Sub Saharan African countries like Tanzania. Due to economic constraints and other social and cultural factors faced by these countries, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is increasing at a very low pace. The digital divide threat has propelled the Government of Tanzania to put in place the ICT Policy in 2003 which is defines the direction of all ICT activities nationally. Among the main focused areas is the use of ICT in education, since for the development of any country, there is a need of creating knowledge based society. This paper discusses the initiatives made so far to introduce the use of ICT tools to some secondary schools using open source software in e-content development to facilitate a self-learning environment
openalex: W2774768355 mag: 2774768355
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Picturing global educational inclusion? Looking and thinking across students’ photographs from the UK, Zambia and Indonesia - Kaplan, Ian; Lewis, Ingrid; Mumba, Paul (Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2007)
Over the last few years we have engaged children and young people in participatory photography projects in a diverse range of international contexts. The projects, diverse as they are, have been school‐based and primarily focused on students’ experiences of educational inclusion/exclusion. Photographs taken by students can stimulate conversations in which different perspectives are shared and considered. Whilst this process is meaningful within a local context, it is also compelling to reflect more widely on what children and young people's photographs and commentary (and through these their interpretations of their educational experiences) have to tell and, indeed, show us about educational inclusion globally. In this paper, we begin by explaining what we mean by the term ‘educational inclusion’, and consider what methodological relevance the participatory photography has for engaging in research with children and young people about their educational experiences. We then briefly describe the contexts of the projects this paper draws on, which took place in the UK, Zambia and Indonesia. In the main body of the paper, we will look across these international projects and consider a selection of students’ photographs and interpretations in relation to several broad themes about educational inclusion which they suggest.
openalex: W2036194311 mag: 2036194311
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The impact of the National Environmental Education Policy initiatives in South African schools - Maluleke, Nash Nelson (2007)
Student Number : 0102782D - MA research report - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies - Faculty of Humanities
openalex: W1682311430 mag: 1682311430
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The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006 - O’Reilly, Ciara E.; Freeman, Matthew C.; Ravani, Maya K.; Migele, John; Mwaki, Alex; Ayalo, Mary; Ombeki, Sam; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Quick, Robert (Epidemiology and Infection, 2007)
SUMMARY Safe drinking water and hygiene are essential to reducing Kenya's diarrhoeal disease burden. A school-based safe water and hygiene intervention in Kenya was evaluated to assess its impact on students' knowledge and parents' adoption of safe water and hygiene practices. We surveyed 390 students from nine schools and their parents at baseline and conducted a final evaluation of 363 students and their parents. From baseline to final evaluation, improvement was seen in students' knowledge of correct water treatment procedure (21–65%, P <0·01) and knowing when to wash their hands. At final evaluation, 14% of parents reported currently treating their water, compared with 6% at baseline ( P <0·01). From 2004 to 2005, school absenteeism in the September–November term decreased in nine project schools by 35% and increased in nine neighbouring comparison schools by 5%. This novel programme shows promise for reducing school absenteeism and promoting water and hygiene interventions in the home.
openalex: W2004205604 mag: 2004205604
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Factors influencing Zimbabwean physiotherapy students in choosing physiotherapy as a career - Mkondo, T.; Mudzi, Witness; Mbambo, N. P. (South African journal of physiotherapy, 2007)
People join professions for different reasons and the same applies to physiotherapists. The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for choosing physiotherapy as a career by Zimbabwean physiotherapy students. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design where a questionnaire was administered to 60 students. Data were collected on the demographics of the students and also on their rating on the importance of 12 factors for their influence in them choosing physiotherapy as a career.Three factors, which were, “the results I obtained at ‘A’Level” (68%), “job availability”(67%) and “desire to help others”(60%), were rated by more than 60% of the students as factors that had been “very important” in their decision to pursue physiotherapy as a career. Two factors, “I always wanted to be a physiotherapist” and “I worked with or received treatment from a physiotherapist”, were the only factors, which were rated by more than 70% of the students as no important in the students’ decision. Using the paired t-test, no significant statistical differences were found between male and female students, in their rating of importance of all twelve factors, (p-value=0.01).
openalex: W1869262117 mag: 1869262117
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Human rights and the construction of identities in South African education - Carrim, Nazir (2007)
openalex: W29529779 mag: 29529779
Keywords: openalex:import

Sense of Belonging as a Predictor of Intentions to Persist Among African American and White First-Year College Students - Hausmann, Leslie R. M.; Schofield, Janet Ward; Woods, Rochelle L. (Research in Higher Education, 2007)
openalex: W2032646960 mag: 2032646960
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Measures of Post-Establishment Agricultural Drought for Subsistence Sorghum Production in Eastern Botswana - Persaud, N.; Hassan, Gul; Joshua, W. D.; Lesolle, David (International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2007)
openalex: W2066401184 mag: 2066401184
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Relative contribution of hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides to iron deficiency anemia among school pupils in Nasarawa area, Nigeria - Amuga, G.A.; Onwuliri, C. O. E.; Oniye, SJ (International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2007)
Stool and blood specimens of 418 school pupils were examined for intestinal parasites and iron deficiency anemia respectively, using rapid field epidemiological techniques. 156 (37.3%) of the pupils were infected with different species of intestinal parasites. More than forty-six percent (46.8%) of the infected individuals were anemic. Hookworm (28.8%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (16.7%) were the dominant helminthes encountered. Cases of mixed infection with these dominant species and other intestinal parasites were also documented. The overall prevalence of anemia (38.8%) in this community was high. Pupils with cases of mixed infection (hookworm and A. lumbricoides) were more anemic than those with single infections of hookworm and A. lumbricoides. Both hookworm and A. lumbricoides proved to contribute significantly to anemia in the area. A linear relationship was observed between parasite infection, anemia and weight of the pupils, but this was not statistically significant. Keywords: Hookworm; Ascaris; anemia; school pupils; NigeriaInternational Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 2 (3) 2006: pp 205-209
openalex: W2043332701 mag: 2043332701
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Learning challenges of NGOs in development : Co-operation of Finnish NGOs in Morogoro, Tanzania - Kontinen, Tiina (2007)
openalex: W2218635213 mag: 2218635213
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Prevalence of intestinal helminthes among pupils of Federal University of Technology staff school, Owerri, Nigeria - Osuala, Fou; Onyechere, Lna; SI, Ume (International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2007)
A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes among pupils of Federal University of Technology staff primary school Ihiagwa, Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State Nigeria, between July and December 2002. Helminthological surveys based on stool examination for helminth ova showed that of 200 pupils, aged between 5-11 years, 125 were infected. 33.5% males and 29.5% females were infected respectively. The most commonly found worms were
openalex: W1989496740 mag: 1989496740
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Owerri municipality, Imo state, Nigeria - Uwaezuoke, JC; Udujih, OS; Onyeka, Pik (International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2007)
A study on the prevalence of intestinal parasites was conducted among school children in Owerri Municipality of Imo State, Nigeria, between February and September 2003. Of the 1511 children examined, 721 (47.7%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The parasites encountered included Ascaris lumbricoides (18.5%), Trichuris truchiura (10.7%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (6.0%), and Hookworm (5.3%). The age group 12-15 years was the least infected with the infection prevalence of 26.3%. Although the prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher among males (50.3%) than in the females (45.7%), it was not significant (p
openalex: W2014850136 mag: 2014850136
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Patterns of Middle School Adjustment and Ninth Grade Adaptation of Rural African American Youth: Grades and Substance Use - Estell, David B.; Farmer, Thomas W.; Irvin, Matthew J.; Thompson, Jana; Hutchins, Bryan C.; McDonough, Erin (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007)
openalex: W2001879750 mag: 2001879750
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Production function analysis of the sensitivity of maize production to climate change in South Africa - Mqadi, Lwandle (2007)
openalex: W336471118 mag: 336471118
Keywords: openalex:import

Need assessment for postgraduate training in public health in Nigeria - Amoran, OE; Asuzu, MC; Osungbade, Kayode O. (Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 2007)
openalex: W2020873962 mag: 2020873962
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change scenario simulations over Eritrea by using a fine resolution limited area climate model : temperature and moisture sensitivity - Beraki, Asmerom F (2007)
openalex: W98729092 mag: 98729092
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Adaptation to climate change and variability: farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa - Thomas, David S.G.; Twyman, Chasca; Osbahr, Henny; Hewitson, Bruce (Climatic change, 2007)
openalex: W1998705133 mag: 1998705133
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Adaptation to climate change and variability: farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa - Thomas, David S.G.; Twyman, Chasca; Osbahr, Henny; Hewitson, Bruce (Climatic change, 2007)
openalex: W1998705133 mag: 1998705133
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Improving the quality of residency training in Nigeria - Akinyemi, Rufus (Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine, 2007)
openalex: W2025565225 mag: 2025565225
Keywords: openalex:import

Predictive factors for primary amputation in trauma patients in a Nigerian university teaching hospital - Adegbehingbe, Olayinka O; Akinyoola, AL; Oginni, LM (East African Medical Journal, 2007)
The decision to attempt salvage or to amputate a severely injured limb is among the most difficult decision that the orthopaedist must face.To determine possible predictive factors that could become guides in taking decision for primary amputation as a first line treatment for trauma patients.A prospective study of post-traumatic primary limb amputations.The Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife, Nigeria from January, 2000 to December, 2004.Sixty six trauma patients admitted through the Accident and Emergency Unit from January 2000 to December 2004.Sixty six traumatised patient limbs were primarily amputated during the study period. The male: female ratio was 3.7:1 and means age was 28.6 years +/- 16.6(range: 4-71 years). 80.3% of the patients were below forty years. All the patients had a single limb amputation. The mean MESS score was 9.4 +/- 1.3 (range: 7.0-12.0). The main predictive factors in trauma at the emergency unit for primary amputation include age, sex, occupation, limb ischaemia, gangrene, severe open fracture, source or nature of injury, presence of shock, delay in hospital presentation, and MESS.Immediate amputation is often viewed by the patient and family as a result of the injury. Conversely, a delayed amputation may be viewed as a failure of treatment. Identified predictive factors for primary amputation will reduce trauma associated morbidity and mortality.
openalex: W2082432624 mag: 2082432624
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Teacher quality and quantity as correlates of secondary school students' academic performance in Ogun State, Nigeria - Adeniji, Adedayo Abimbola (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2007)
This study investigated the twin variables of quality and quantity of teachers as correlates of secondary school academic performance in Ogun State of Nigeria between 1997/98 and 2000/2001 academic sessions. The study was conducted ex-post facto under a descriptive survey research design using the proportional to size random sampling technique to select principals of 100 out of the 254 secondary schools in the state. Data on the teachers were collected through the use of the instrument titled: Human Resource Situation Questionnaire (HRSQ) developed by the investigator. The two hypotheses formulated for the study were tested using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that both the quality and quantity of teachers related significantly with secondary school academic performance in Ogun State of Nigeria. Hence, it was recommended that education authorities should take into consideration both the quality and quantity of teachers, which are posted to secondary schools so that there is no lopsidedness in the distribution. The Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling Vol. 8 (1) 2002: pp. 98-111
openalex: W2060210240 mag: 2060210240
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Diet and socio-economic factors and their association with the nutritional status of pre-school children in a low income suburb of Kampala city, Uganda - Kikafunda, Joyce K.; Tumwine, J K (East African Medical Journal, 2007)
Objective: To establish dietary and socio-economic factors and their association with the nutritional status of pre-school children in a poor suburb of Kampala city, Uganda.Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: Three nursery schools in a low income suburb of Kampala city, Uganda.Subjects: A sub-sample of forty one randomly selected pre-school children (three to six years of age) from a larger intervention study, participated in the present investigation.Results: The results reveal high levels of chronic malnutrition (stunting and underweight) among the children.Almost half (46.3%) and one third (29.3%) of the children had height-for-age and weight-for-age centiles, respectively, below the 20 th centile.The father's educational status was significantly (p = 0.017) associated with the children's nutritional status with all the children whose fathers had tertiary education and above having better weight-for-age centiles (above the 50 th ).Economic status too was significantly (p = 0.026) associated with the nutritional status of the children with children from the upper and mid-upper socio-economic classes having better weight-for-age centiles than children from the lower socio-economic status.Analysis of the diet showed a significant association between the nutrition status of the children and some of the foods consumed.Children who were above the 50 th weight-for-age centiles consumed significantly more bread (p = 0.008) and light-green-leafy vegetables (p = 0.020) than those who had lower weight-for-age centiles.Children who were above their 50 th height-for-age centiles consumed significantly (p = 0.049) more soybeans than children who had lower height-for-age centiles.Conclusion: Socio-economic as well as dietary factors were found to be inextricably linked and have been shown to be significantly associated with the nutritional status in this group of suburban pre-school children in Kampala city, Uganda.
openalex: W2040797053 mag: 2040797053
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The status of adult education in Nigeria - Mambula, MA (Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 2007)
This paper is an attempt at highlighting the Status of Adult Education in Nigeria. Although the main thrust of the paper is to explain why and how generally Adult Education has low esteem and status in Nigeria, attempts were made to offer some interpretations of the situation. The paper has also explained the meaning of Status, who is an Adult? What is Adult Education? And advanced several recommendations. Some of the recommendations include: legislation to Finance, protect and guarantee Adult Education programmes; Adult Education and Literacy be linked to development activities and to be responsive to the needs and aspirations of the learners; further research and evaluation of Adult Education are needed to identify effective strategies and programmes that would enhance the status of Adult Education in Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling Vol. 8 (1) 2002: pp. 86-97
openalex: W2010258893 mag: 2010258893
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The effect of a structured problem solving strategy on performance and conceptual understanding in physics : a study in disadvantaged South African schools - Gaigher, Estelle (2007)
openalex: W849513013 mag: 849513013
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LIBERIA: Re‐training Delays Cause Concern (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2007)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 44, Issue 1 p. 16939A-16940B LIBERIA: Re-training Delays Cause Concern First published: 28 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2007.00782.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue1February 2007Pages 16939A-16940B RelatedInformation
openalex: W4240147554
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[Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS co-infection in children: experience carried out in paediatric service of the teaching hospital of Brazzaville, Republic of Congo (1995-2004)]. - Ab, M'Pemba Loufoua Lemay; Babela, Mabiala; Bantsimba, T; Nzingoula, S. (PubMed, 2007)
Epidemiologic, clinical and paraclinical data of 126 children with tuberculosis whose HIV status was known, have been compared. Among them, 65% were HIV positive, the co-infection tuberculosis HIV/AIDS was observed in all social categories. The source of contamination was discovered for 72% of the patients. The mother was involved in 47.5% of cases. The main reasons of consultation were a long standing fever a chronic cough and a weight loss. Diarrhea was mainly observed in positive HIV patients (p = 0.00). The general condition was influenced by a weight loss which was more important in positive patients with a IMC lower than 10 in 12.8% of cases. There was no significant difference between all clinical forms. Digital hippocratism, chronic otitis and parotiditis were only observed in positive HIV patients with skin illness ten times more frequent (p = 0.00). Anergia to tuberculin tests (78.4%) and a sedimentation speed up to 100 mm at the first hour were observed in more than 60% of the positive HIV patients (p = 0.001). Evolution was favorable under treatment for 84% of positive HIV patients with an increasing weight becoming weaker after one month of treatment. All deaths happened among that population.
openalex: W2286616633 mag: 2286616633
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Associated risk factors and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of nasal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from medical students in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria - Adesida, Solayide A.; Abioye, Olusegun A.; Bamiro, Babajide S.; Brai, Bartholomew; Smith, Stella I.; Amisu, Kehinde O.; Ehichioya, Deborah; Ogunsola, Folasade; Coker, A. O. (The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007)
Staphylococcus aureus infections are growing problems worldwide with important implications in hospitals.The organism is normally present in the nasal vestibule of about 35% of apparently healthy individuals and its carriage varies between different ethnic and age groups.Staphylococcal nasal carriage among health workers is particularly important to establish new clones and track origin of infections during outbreak situations.To determine the carriage rate and compare the pulsed field gel patterns of the strains, nasal swabs were collected from 185 medical students in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.Isolates of S. aureus were tested for heamolysin production, methicillin sensitivity and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed.The results showed S.aureus nasal carrier rate of 14% with significant rate among males compared to females.All the isolates produced heamolysin.Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that majority of the isolates was susceptible.Five strains (19%) harboured resistant determinants to penicillin and tetracycline.None of the strains was resistant to methicillin.44% of the isolates typed by PFGE had type B, the most predominant pulsotype.PFGE A clone exhibited a single resistance phenotype suggesting a strong clonal relationship that could punctual an outbreak in the hospital.The results speculate that nasal carriage among medical personnel could be a function of various risk factors.Personal hygiene and behaviour may however be the means to reducing colonization and spread of S.aureus in our hospitals.
openalex: W2009541045 mag: 2009541045
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Pharmacists' Attitude to the Introduction of Automated Techniques in the Delivery of Pharmaceutical Services in Selected Nigerian Teaching Hospitals - Afolabi, Margaret O.; Oyebisi, T.O. (Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2007)
This study has investigated the attitude of hospital pharmacists toward the introduction of automated techniques in the delivery of pharmaceutical services in three Nigerian Teaching Hospitals. The results obtained from this survey showed that pharmacists have a good understanding of the various forms of automated techniques in pharmacy operations. The general perception showed that these techniques will impact positively on different aspects of the pharmacists' functions including routine dispensing, drug inventory management, and administrative tasks. Computerization of the appropriate database and ease of accessibility including an online communication network within the health system would ease the pharmacists' administrative functions. The respondents felt that their pharmaceutical care functions would be enhanced greatly as the routine manual tasks are taken care of with the automation. In particular, the pharmacists' time would be released for a close monitoring of patient drug therapy and provision of drug information services. The general consensus was that appropriate training workshops and continuing pharmacy education programs would provide practicing pharmacists with the required skill to manage automated pharmacy systems.
openalex: W2164159638 mag: 2164159638
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Lesson Study in Kenya: Efforts to Establish a Teacher Training System through the Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) Project - Baba, Takuya (2007)
openalex: W2496724571 mag: 2496724571
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Does Education Matter in Patience Formation? Evidence from Ugandan Villages - Bauer, Michal; Chytilová, Julie (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of why there is a lack of domestic saving and investment in rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on heterogeneity in inter-temporal preferences as a possible explanation of this important puzzle. The study is based on a unique experimental data set collected from 856 respondents in Ugandan villages and scrutinizes how individual patience – measured by the discount rate – is formed. The results suggest that Ugandan respondents are substantially less patient than their counterparts in similar experimental studies undertaken in developed countries and South Asia. We find a strong negative association between the level of education and the individual discount rate. Furthermore, we took advantage of the Ugandan education reform in 1996 and varying school frequency to demonstrate the causal relationship stemming from education to patience. The estimates suggest that an additional year at school decreases the discount rate on average by 35 percentage points after controlling for other characteristics (age, income group, sex, marital status and clan linkage). Our findings strongly accord with patience understood as a non-cognitive ability which needs to be taught by parents, learnt at school and promoted by social norms. The Ugandan responses, therefore, propose a new way in which education may influence development in sub-Saharan Africa – by shaping individual patience.
openalex: W3121973759 mag: 3121973759
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Názory budoucích pedagogů na začlenění dětí s postižením do tělesné výchovy v Jihoafrické republice Attitudes of future physical educators toward teaching children with disabilities in physical education in the Republic of South Africa - Bressan, Liz; Kudláček, Martin; Bartoňová, Radka (2007)
openalex: W2734174687 mag: 2734174687
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Home schooling as an open-learning educational challenge in South Africa - Brynard, Susette (South African Journal of Education, 2007)
Despite current legislation which makes provision for collaboration between the public school sector and home schooling, it appears that much can still be done to move towards a closer partnership. Consequently I investigated the possibilities of such a liaison. A literature review on the nature of home schooling in general was conducted as background to a qualitative investigation on the views of parents, educators and other role players of home schooling within the South African context. The findings showed that home schooling was an open learning educational system which provided opportunities to those learners who wished to participate, irrespective of the possible disadvantages. In conclusion it was found that co-operation between the education authorities and home schoolers was in the best interests of the individual's right to learn, and a symbiotic relationship between the two could benefit both of them. South African Journal of Education Vol. 27 (1) 2007: pp. 83-100
openalex: W1515482766 mag: 1515482766
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Learner competencies and proficiency in English listening comprehension in selected secondary schools in Kenya - Bwire, Adelheid M. (2007)
A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy of Kenyatta University, PE1065.B9
openalex: W1566518596 mag: 1566518596
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Diffuse pollution associated with the mining sectors in South Africa: a first-order assessment - Coetser, S. E.; Heath, R. G. M.; Ndombe, N. (Water science & technology, 2007)
Internationally it has become recognised that diffuse source water pollution from mining activities severely affects the degradation of water quality especially with regards to acidification and metal loading. South Africa is facing major problems with regard to the management and treatment of contaminated mine water. Very little has been published for South Africa about the quantities and qualities of diffuse source water pollution by the mining industry. Furthermore the available information has not yet been compiled into a consolidated overview that presents the total picture. Some of the problems that limit the use of the available information and would necessitate further processing to normalise the data, derive from the fact that the investigations producing the information were done at different times, to different levels of detail and using different approaches. A further complicating factor is that data for some mining commodities may not be available and may necessitate further investigation. The overview of the quantities and qualities of non-point source effluent production by different sectors needs to be interpreted in terms of the effect the effluent can be expected to have on receiving water quality (both surface and groundwater). It would thus be necessary to categorise waste types according to their effect on water quality and synthesise the data to obtain an estimate of the threat that different sectors and sub-sectors pose to receiving water quality.
openalex: W2017796049 mag: 2017796049
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AN OVERVIEW OF PLUM TRAINING SYSTEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA - Cook, Nicholas (Acta horticulturae, 2007)
openalex: W2099926207 mag: 2099926207
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Nursing and Community Rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Students in Harare, Zimbabwe - Corbett, Elizabeth L.; Muzangwa, Joyce; Chaka, Kathryn; Dauya, Ethel; Cheung, Yin Bun; Munyati, Shungu; Reid, Andrew; Hakim, James; Chandiwana, S.K.; Mason, Peter R.; Butterworth, Anthony E.; Houston, Stan (Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2007)
Background.African hospitals have experienced major increases in admissions for tuberculosis, but they are ill-equipped to prevent institutional transmission. We compared institutional rates and community rates of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion in Harare, Zimbabwe Methods.We conducted a cohort study of TST conversion 6, 12, and 18 months into training among 159 nursing and 195 polytechnic school students in Harare. Students had negative TST results (induration diameter, ≤9 mm) with 2-step testing at the start of training. Results.Nursing students experienced 19.3 TST conversions (increase in induration diameter, ⩾10 mm) per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2–26.2 conversions per 100 person-years), and polytechnic school students experienced 6.0 (95% CI, 3.5–10.4) conversions per 100 person-years. The rate of difference was 13.2 conversions (95% CI, 6.5–20.0) per 100 person-years. With a more stringent definition of conversion (increase in the induration diameter of ⩾10 mm to at least 15 mm), which is likely to increase specificity but decrease sensitivity, conversion rates were 12.5 and 2.8 conversions per 100 person-years in nursing and polytechnic school students, respectively (rate difference, 9.7 conversions per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 4.5–14.8 conversions per 100 person-years). Nursing students reportedly nursed 20,868 inpatients with tuberculosis during 315 person-years of training. Conclusions.Both groups had high TST conversion rates, but the extremely high rates among nursing students imply high occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Intense exposure to inpatients with tuberculosis was reported during training. Better prevention, surveillance, and management of institutional M. tuberculosis transmission need to be supported as part of the international response to the severe human immunodeficiency virus infection epidemic and health care worker crisis in Africa.
openalex: W2128146636 mag: 2128146636
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Human fascioliasis infection: gender differences within school-age children from endemic areas of the Nile Delta, Egypt - Curtale, Filippo; Hassanein, Yehia Abd-el Wahab; Barduagni, P; Yousef, Mohamed Mostafa; Wakeel, Aly El; Hallaj, Zuhair; Mas‐Coma, Santiago (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007)
Several studies have reported a higher prevalence of infection for human fascioliasis among girls than among boys. To investigate this aspect further a sufficiently large data set was assembled comprising of 21 477 subjects with 932 positive cases. Subjects were primary school children covered by a control programme implemented by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population in the Nile Delta from 1988 to 2002. Stool analyses were performed by the Kato–Katz thick smear technique for a quantitative diagnosis on the intensity of infection. Both prevalence and intensity of infection, indirectly measured as mean number of eggs per gram of faeces, were significantly higher among girls than boys. The higher level of infection in girls was consistent across different years and in different survey areas. Co-infection with Schistosoma mansoni was present and associated with fascioliasis, but schistosomiasis was significantly more prevalent among boys. In Egypt rural girls are often involved in household and farm work and are exposed more than boys to infected foci. The lower school attendance for girls in rural areas appears to be an important factor increasing risk of infection. The precise mode of transmission and behavioural risk factors for human infection need to be investigated further to identify those related to gender.
openalex: W2024562861 mag: 2024562861
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Behaviorally at-risk African American students:The importance of student–teacher relationships for student outcomes - Decker, Dawn Marie; Dona, Daria Paul; Christenson, Sandra L. (Journal of School Psychology, 2007)
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the associations between the student–teacher relationship and outcomes for African American students who were behaviorally at-risk for referral to special education. Students were identified by their teachers as having behavior problems. Participants were 44 students and 25 teachers from two suburban and three urban elementary schools in a mid-western state. A multi-rater, multi-method approach was used. As teacher-reports of student–teacher relationship quality increased, there were also increases in positive social, behavioral, and engagement outcomes for students. Similarly, as student-reports of student–teacher relationship quality increased, there were increases in positive behavioral, engagement, and academic outcomes. Additional analyses of dyadic relationship patterns showed that as the relationship pattern improved (moving from negative concordance to discordance to positive concordance), there were increases in positive social, behavioral, and engagement outcomes for students. Implications for school practice are discussed.
openalex: W1985799868 mag: 1985799868
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Viewpoint: Cultural Competence and the African American Experience with Health Care: The Case for Specific Content in Cross-Cultural Education - Eiser, Arnold R.; Ellis, Glenn (Academic Medicine, 2007)
Achieving cultural competence in the care of a patient who is a member of an ethnic or racial minority is a multifaceted project involving specific cultural knowledge as well as more general skills and attitude adjustments to advance cross-cultural communication in the clinical encounter. Using the important example of the African American patient, the authors examine relevant historical and cultural information as it relates to providing culturally competent health care. The authors identify key influences, including the legacy of slavery, Jim Crow discrimination, the Tuskegee syphilis study, religion’s interaction with health care, the use of home remedies, distrust, racial concordance and discordance, and health literacy. The authors propose that the awareness of specific information pertaining to ethnicity and race enhances cross-cultural communication and ways to improve the cultural competence of physicians and other health care providers by providing a historical and social context for illness in another culture. Cultural education, modular in nature, can be geared to the specific populations served by groups of physicians and provider organizations. Educational methods should include both information about relevant social group history as well as some experiential component to emotively communicate particular cultural needs. The authors describe particular techniques that help bridge the cross-cultural clinical communication gaps that are created by patients’ mistrust, lack of cultural understanding, differing paradigms for illness, and health illiteracy.
openalex: W2066642715 mag: 2066642715
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Bridging the digital divide : a South African perspective on minimally invasive education - Furstenburg, Elizabeth Agnes (2007)
openalex: W240314683 mag: 240314683
Keywords: openalex:import

Design Of An E-Learning Environment Using VSAT Technology For ComputerMan University (CMU - Sudan) - Hassan, Ahmed K.; Izzeldin, Faris (2007)
This project aims to design an e-learning environment using VSAT technology for ComputerMan University. Thus, this study presents a logical graphical representationsabout the new design, it\'s components and how they interact to deliver learning materials. In addition, this study contributes to knowledge by providing a solid information about VSAT technology and it\'s contribution to e-learning activities.
openalex: W2340307280 mag: 2340307280
Keywords: openalex:import

Theory–Based Predictors of Condom Use among University Students in the United States and South Africa - Heeren, G. Anita; Jemmott, John B.; Mandeya, Andrew; Tyler, Joanne C. (Aids Education and Prevention, 2007)
This study compared the predictive value of the theory of planned behavior in university students in South Africa (N = 251) and the United States (N = 160) who completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses revealed that condom use and intention were significantly predicted by positive condom attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and attending university in South Africa. Significant interactions between country and predictors indicated that subjective norm predicted condom use and intention more strongly in the American sample than in the South African sample; attitude predicted intention more strongly in the American sample than in the South African sample; but self-efficacy predicted intention more strongly in the South African sample than in the American sample. The theory of planned behavior may provide a useful framework for interventions to reduce South African students' risk of HIV/and sexuality transmitted diseases. Such interventions should especially focus on building self-efficacy to use condoms.
openalex: W2108325655 mag: 2108325655
Keywords: openalex:import

Improving awareness of mercury pollution in small-scale gold mining communities: Challenges and ways forward in rural Ghana - Hilson, Gavin; Hilson, Christopher J.; Pardie, Sandra (Environmental Research, 2007)
This paper critiques the approach taken by the Ghanaian Government to address mercury pollution in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector. Unmonitored releases of mercury—used in the gold-amalgamation process—have caused numerous environmental complications throughout rural Ghana. Certain policy, technological and educational initiatives taken to address the mounting problem, however, have proved marginally effective at best, having been designed and implemented without careful analysis of mine community dynamics, the organization of activities, operators’ needs and local geological conditions. Marked improvements can only be achieved in this area through increased government-initiated dialogue with the now-ostracized illegal galamsey mining community; introducing simple, cost-effective techniques for the reduction of mercury emissions; and effecting government-sponsored participatory training exercises as mediums for communicating information about appropriate technologies and the environment.
openalex: W2051034075 mag: 2051034075
Keywords: openalex:import

Transitioning to High School: Issues and Challenges for African American Students - Holcomb-McCoy, Cheryl (Professional School Counseling, 2007)
Although there is a growing body of literature on students' transition from middle school to high school, much of the literature fails to take into consideration the distinctive racial and environmental circumstances of African American students. This article reviews literature related to the transitioning of African American students and discusses the unique challenges that African American students experience during adolescence. Counseling interventions are delineated and implications for school counseling professionals also are discussed.
openalex: W2030879154 mag: 2030879154
Keywords: openalex:import

Transitioning to High School: Issues and Challenges for African American Students - Holcomb-McCoy, Cheryl (Professional School Counseling, 2007)
Although there is a growing body of literature on students' transition from middle school to high school, much of the literature fails to take into consideration the distinctive racial and environmental circumstances of African American students. This article reviews literature related to the transitioning of African American students and discusses the unique challenges that African American students experience during adolescence. Counseling interventions are delineated and implications for school counseling professionals also are discussed.
openalex: W4255489163
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluating HIV/AIDS education programmes in Ugandan secondary schools - Jacob, W. James; Mosman, Stacey S.; Hite, Steven J.; Morisky, Donald E.; Nsubuga, Yusuf K. (Development in Practice, 2007)
Although not part of the national curriculum until 2004, HIV/AIDS education has been taught for some time in Ugandan secondary schools through a variety of extracurricular means, including the media, youth groups, drama, music, and Parent–Teacher Associations. This article identifies and evaluates the integration of HIV/AIDS information into the national curriculum in Ugandan secondary schools between 2002 and 2004, based on the viewpoints of administrators, teachers, and students from 76 schools. While most schools did not include HIV/AIDS as part of the formal national curriculum at this time, the information was disseminated through a range of alternative means. The authors identify the most effective of these, discuss the perceived reactions of various stakeholders regarding HIV/AIDS being taught in secondary schools, and make recommendations for curricular reform.
openalex: W2071740811 mag: 2071740811
Keywords: openalex:import

SEASONALITY, BLOOD FEEDING BEHAVIOR, AND TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM BY ANOPHELES ARABIENSIS AFTER AN EXTENDED DROUGHT IN SOUTHERN ZAMBIA - Kent, Rebekah J.; Thuma, Philip E.; Mharakurwa, Sungano; Norris, Douglas E. (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007)
Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is hyperendemic in southern Zambia. However, no data on the entomologic aspects of malaria transmission have been published from Zambia in more than 25 years. We evaluated seasonal malaria transmission by Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. and characterized the blood feeding behavior of An. arabiensis in two village areas. Transmission during the 2004-2005 rainy season was nearly zero because of widespread drought. During 2005-2006, the estimated entomologic inoculation rate values were 1.6 and 18.3 infective bites per person per transmission season in each of the two village areas, respectively. Finally, with a human blood index of 0.923, An. arabiensis was substantially more anthropophilic in our study area than comparable samples of indoor-resting An. arabiensis throughout Africa and was the primary vector responsible for transmission of P. falciparum.
openalex: W1956399939 mag: 1956399939
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School-health-based parasite control initiatives: extending successful Japanese policies to Asia and Africa - Kojima, Satoshi; Aoki, Yoshiki; Ohta, Nobuhiro; Tateno, Seiki; Takeuchi, Tsutomu (Trends in Parasitology, 2007)
Japan controlled its major parasitic diseases by the 1970s. Based on this experience, the Government of Japan proposed the Global Parasite Control Initiative in 1998 and established three research and training centres around the world. The Asian Centre of International Parasite Control (ACIPAC) is the first such centre, and completed five years of activities focused on school-health-based parasite control in the Greater Mekong Subregion in 2005. The lessons learned and experiences gained by ACIPAC should be applied to all health promotion programmes worldwide. Japan controlled its major parasitic diseases by the 1970s. Based on this experience, the Government of Japan proposed the Global Parasite Control Initiative in 1998 and established three research and training centres around the world. The Asian Centre of International Parasite Control (ACIPAC) is the first such centre, and completed five years of activities focused on school-health-based parasite control in the Greater Mekong Subregion in 2005. The lessons learned and experiences gained by ACIPAC should be applied to all health promotion programmes worldwide.
openalex: W2041549444 mag: 2041549444
Keywords: openalex:import

‘Book Learning’ versus ‘Adapted Education’: the Impact of Phelps‐Stokesism on Colonial Education Systems in Central Africa in the Interwar Period - Küster, Sybille (Paedagogica Historica, 2007)
The article discusses the dissemination and reception of a practice‐oriented, community‐centred approach to colonial education, which was derived from educational concepts developed for African‐Americans in the United States around the turn of the twentieth century. This approach—which came to be known as ‘Phelps‐Stokesism’—gained wide currency among educationists in Africa in the decades following the First World War, and it became particularly strong in settler colonies such as Zimbabwe, where a large European community was steadily augmenting its political power within a racially segregated context. The premise that colonial education had to depart from a conventional form of Western schooling and was instead to be specifically adapted to what was perceived as African developmental and environmental needs shaped the articulation of educational policies and practices envisaged by local administrators. At the same time, within the context of rural decline and restrictive state policies—which severely limited African chances for advancement in the industrial and agricultural spheres—African men and women came to perceive a literary‐oriented kind of education as the key to gaining remunerable employment, enhancing upward social mobility and circumventing the patriarchal control of chiefs and elders. African strategies to shape the contents of education in accordance with their preferences and aspirations to some extent mitigated the translation of Phelps‐Stokesist concepts into educational practice and worked towards securing the provision of academically oriented forms of instruction to a greater extent than had been intended in prevailing schemes of adapted African education. Against the background of the author’s evidence, theoretical paradigms that suggest the preponderance of academic subjects in colonial school curricula and that interpret this as a reflection of ‘cultural imperialism’ or Western‐induced modernization seem strikingly untenable. The success or failure of the attempt to transfer Phelps‐Stokesist educational concepts to a colonial setting can hardly be understood without paying tribute to the interventions and struggles on the part of local populations. The haphazard and mostly unsuccessful implementation of practice‐oriented educational programmes in the era of African political independence seems to suggest that colonial educational controversies constitute a legacy that contemporary policy‐makers have to take into account when formulating plans for educational reform under today’s postcolonial conditions.
openalex: W2096309741 mag: 2096309741
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Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students - Liang, Holan; Flisher, Alan J.; Lombard, Carl (Child Abuse & Neglect, 2007)
To examine the prevalence of bullying behavior in adolescents from Cape Town and Durban, South Africa, and the association of these behaviors with levels of violence and risk behavior.Five thousand and seventy-four adolescent schoolchildren in grade 8 (mean age 14.2 years) and grade 11 (mean age 17.4 years) at 72 Government schools in Cape Town and Durban, South Africa completed self-report questionnaires on participation in bullying, violent, anti-social and risk behaviors.Over a third (36.3%) of students were involved in bullying behavior, 8.2% as bullies, 19.3% as victims and 8.7% as bully-victims (those that are both bullied and bully others). Male students were most at risk of both perpetration and victimization, with younger boys more vulnerable to victimization. Violent and anti-social behaviors were increased in bullies, victims and bully-victims compared to controls not involved in any bullying behavior (p<.01 in all cases). Risk taking behavior was elevated for bullies and bully-victims, but for victims was largely comparable to controls. Victims were less likely to smoke than controls (odds ratio .83, p<.05). Bully-victims showed largely comparable violent, anti-social and risk taking behavior profiles to bullies. Bully-victims showed comparable suicidal ideation and smoking profiles to victims.Results were in keeping with Western findings. Involvement in bullying is a common problem for young South Africans. Bullying behavior can act as an indicator of violent, anti-social and risk-taking behaviors.
openalex: W2016668541 mag: 2016668541
Keywords: openalex:import

Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students - Liang, Holan; Flisher, Alan J.; Lombard, Carl (Child Abuse & Neglect, 2007)
To examine the prevalence of bullying behavior in adolescents from Cape Town and Durban, South Africa, and the association of these behaviors with levels of violence and risk behavior.Five thousand and seventy-four adolescent schoolchildren in grade 8 (mean age 14.2 years) and grade 11 (mean age 17.4 years) at 72 Government schools in Cape Town and Durban, South Africa completed self-report questionnaires on participation in bullying, violent, anti-social and risk behaviors.Over a third (36.3%) of students were involved in bullying behavior, 8.2% as bullies, 19.3% as victims and 8.7% as bully-victims (those that are both bullied and bully others). Male students were most at risk of both perpetration and victimization, with younger boys more vulnerable to victimization. Violent and anti-social behaviors were increased in bullies, victims and bully-victims compared to controls not involved in any bullying behavior (p<.01 in all cases). Risk taking behavior was elevated for bullies and bully-victims, but for victims was largely comparable to controls. Victims were less likely to smoke than controls (odds ratio .83, p<.05). Bully-victims showed largely comparable violent, anti-social and risk taking behavior profiles to bullies. Bully-victims showed comparable suicidal ideation and smoking profiles to victims.Results were in keeping with Western findings. Involvement in bullying is a common problem for young South Africans. Bullying behavior can act as an indicator of violent, anti-social and risk-taking behaviors.
openalex: W2016668541 mag: 2016668541
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Aggressive and Antisocial Behaviours Among Secondary School Students in Botswana: The Influence of Family and School Based Factors - Malete, Leapetswe (School Psychology International, 2007)
This study examined the relationship between family factors and secondary school students’ aggressive and antisocial behaviours. Participants were 1,478 junior and senior secondary school students from four major urban centres in Botswana, aged 12-20. Results showed significant prevalence of self-reported aggressive tendencies and antisocial behaviours among secondary school students in Botswana. Boys rated themselves higher on aggression, use of alcohol and drugs and carrying and using dangerous weapons compared to girls. High scores on antisocial and aggressive behaviours were significantly related to poor parent-child relations and low parental monitoring. The results are consistent with findings from previous studies. The findings have important implications to violence prevention programs for children and adolescents. Suggestions for future research and the development of intervention programs are made.
openalex: W2080492407 mag: 2080492407
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Student attrition and academic and social integration: Application of Tinto’s model at the University of Papua New Guinea - Mannan, Md. Abdul (Higher Education, 2007)
openalex: W2009278332 mag: 2009278332
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Systems approach to tourism training and education: The Kenyan case study - Mayaka, Melphon; Akama, John S. (Tourism Management, 2007)
Kenya's tourism industry is relatively well developed (with first class hospitality establishments and tourist facilities that are juxtaposed in close proximity to pristine glistering tropical sand beaches and world renowned wildlife attractions in protected parks and reserves). Hence the country, in recent years, has become a popular destination for international visitors, especially European and North American tourists, haggling for safari tourism experience combined with relaxation in pristine glistering tropical sand beaches. Thus, Kenya provides a good case study in the examination of deficiencies in tourism training that characterises many countries in Africa and other emerging tourist destinations in different regions of the world. As this study shows Kenya, as the case is with many other Third World countries, lacks a well-coordinated tourism training strategy and educational institutions capable of providing much needed human resource training and capacity building, especially at supervisory and managerial level. This paper identifies existing deficiencies in tourism education and training in Kenya, and provides a framework that can be applied in the development of a well-coordinated national tourism training strategy and initiation of education programmes. Indeed, systems approach can be replicated elsewhere in Africa and other Third World countries where tourism is increasingly gaining momentum as a major socio-economic phenomenon.
openalex: W2010746426 mag: 2010746426
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Curriculum alignment, globalization, and quality assurance in South African higher education - McDonald, Ria; Horst, Helen Van Der (Journal of Curriculum Studies, 2007)
The democratization of South Africa has necessitated a transformation of the education system. The current transformational landscape of higher education in South Africa requires that basic curriculum concepts, and principles be rediscovered and, rethought with a view to ensuring that future educational practice is based on sound, and proven curriculum thinking. Basic curriculum principles are reconsidered in the light of emerging educational needs. The concepts which receive particular attention are ‘constructive’ curriculum alignment, globalization, and quality assurance. The criteria for programme development, implementation, and review should motivate, embrace, and reward a spirit of individual creative thinking, and innovation in students in the higher education sector.
openalex: W2086002778 mag: 2086002778
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The skills revolution : South African companies meet international training standards - Meyer, Marius (Management Today, 2007)
openalex: W2991879987 mag: 2991879987
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DIARRHEA PREVENTION IN A KENYAN SCHOOL THROUGH THE USE OF A SIMPLE SAFE WATER AND HYGIENE INTERVENTION - Migele, John; Ombeki, Sam; Ayalo, Mary; Biggerstaff, Matthew; Quick, Robert (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007)
To prevent diarrhea in rural Western Kenya, we implemented the Safe Water System (water treatment with bleach, safe storage, and behavior-change communications) in 2000. We implemented a pilot project in a school in May 2003. Teachers taught students about safe water and hygiene. Safe water storage vessels were placed between classrooms. Two large water tanks for handwashing were positioned by the kitchen and latrines. The vessels were filled daily with water, which was treated with bleach and monitored for free chlorine residuals. Daily student care logs at the local clinic were reviewed. Clinic visits for diarrhea peaked during the January through March period in 2002 at 130 and in 2003 at 71, but in 2004, after project implementation, only 13 diarrhea episodes were recorded. The project saved the school about 5.49 dollars per student per year. The project has been expanded to 70 schools, and an evaluation is planned.
openalex: W1849429639 mag: 1849429639
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Burkina Faso: The Post-Primary Education Project - Mohan, Prithika (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
openalex: W3121838419 mag: 3121838419
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Call for Papers for a Special Series on Africa, Agriculture, Rural Development, Land, Drought and Desertification - Morita‐Lou, Hiroko (Natural Resources Forum, 2007)
Natural Resources ForumVolume 31, Issue 1 p. 97-97 Call for Papers for a Special Series on Africa, Agriculture, Rural Development, Land, Drought and Desertification Hiroko Morita-Lou, Hiroko Morita-Lou Editor-in-Chief Natural Resources Forum E-mail: NRFORUM@un.orgSearch for more papers by this author Hiroko Morita-Lou, Hiroko Morita-Lou Editor-in-Chief Natural Resources Forum E-mail: NRFORUM@un.orgSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 April 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2007.00133.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume31, Issue1February 2007Pages 97-97 RelatedInformation
openalex: W2045068476 mag: 2045068476
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Possible climate change impacts on large hydroelectricity schemes in Southern Africa - Mukheibir, Pierre (Journal of energy in Southern Africa, 2007)
There is growing concern that developing countries, such as South Africa, should reduce their coal dependence for energy generation and look to other cleaner technologies. Hydroelectricity is one such option. A number of potential large hydro sites have been identified in Southern Africa, which form part of the Southern African Power Pool. However, limited information exists on the impact of climate change on these sites and its effect on the viability of the hydroelectric schemes. Using downscaled glob-al circulation model information, projected climate impacts and the potential impact these may have on future hydro schemes are discussed.
openalex: W2160668563 mag: 2160668563
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Burkina Faso : The post-primary education project - Munasinghe, P. C. Mohan (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
In September 1994, the Government of Burkina Faso held a national convention on post-primary education to analyze the status of this sub-sector and to define a forward-looking strategy. In August 1995, the government initiated a 10-year post-primary education development plan ( PDEPP ) which focused on the educational system as the key determining factor for human resource development. Following a request from the government, the World Bank agreed to providing a credit of US$ 36.6 million (1997-2004) which would support the plan through (i) the promotion of cost-effective and equitable use of education resources; and (ii) an increase in access to and the quality of education.
openalex: W2118635525 mag: 2118635525
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Early childhood education in Swaziland and Brunei Darussalam: goals, achievements and challenges - Mundia, Lawrence (Early Child Development and Care, 2007)
Abstract Early childhood care and education is an important stage in preparing children for primary schooling. Research indicates that participation in this phase has beneficial effects on later schooling particularly at the primary school level. Early diagnosis of special educational needs and intervention are essential in this stage if a child is to effectively function at primary school level and other later cycles. Unfortunately the sector is beset with a number of problems such as poor quality, low access, inadequate training of teachers, assessment problems, high pupil/teacher ratios, insufficient funding and lack of strong commitment from the public. The system needs to be more inclusive and made part of the overall education‐for‐all objectives in each country to benefit more children. The study discusses these advantages and disadvantages with respect to Swaziland and Brunei Darussalam. Keywords: Early childhood educationEarly interventionEducation for allInclusive educationPreschool educationPsychological assessment
openalex: W2079479438 mag: 2079479438
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The management practice among heads of senior secondary schools in the Ashanti region of Ghana - Osei-Amankwah, Lydia (2007)
openalex: W2907305495 mag: 2907305495
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Vocationalizing secondary education: the junior secondary schooling reform of 1987 in Ghana - Osei, George M. (Educational review, 2007)
This study addresses educational reform in Ghana with reference to the junior secondary schooling. The empirical data on junior secondary teachers and pupils used here is taken from a larger case study of the junior secondary school innovation in Ghana. This offers some new perspectives on the realities of Ghanaian junior secondary schooling, which illustrates some of the workings and consequences of the vocationalized curriculum policy that has been adopted. The study analyses how the planned changes were not clearly conceptualized and how there was a very serious lack of communication between many different parts of the system. The classroom observation showed that the ideas set out in the National Education Policy, such as integrated approaches to subject matter, student involvement and problem‐oriented teaching methods, were not being put into practice by teachers. Neither training nor resources had been directed towards helping the teachers to change.
openalex: W2146152923 mag: 2146152923
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Cataract visual impairment and quality of life in a Kenyan population - Polack, Sarah; Kuper, Hannah; Mathenge, Wanjiku; Fletcher, Astrid; Foster, Allen (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2007)
Aims: To evaluate the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness and Deafness 20-item Visual Functioning Questionnaire (WHO/PBD VF20), a vision-related quality of life scale, and to describe the relationship between cataract visual impairment and vision-and generic health-related quality of life, in people >50 years of age in Nakuru district, Kenya.Methods: The WHO/PBD VF20 was pilot tested and modified.196 patients with visual impairment from cataract and 128 population-based controls without visual impairment from cataract were identified through a district-wide survey.Additional cases were identified through case finding.Vision-and health-related quality of life were assessed using the WHO/PBD VF20 scale and EuroQol generic health index (European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D)), respectively.WHO/PBD VF20 was evaluated using standard psychometric tests, including factor analysis to determine item grouping for summary scores.Results: The modified WHO/PBD VF20 demonstrated good psychometric properties.Two subscales (general functioning and psychosocial) and one overall eyesight-rating item were appropriate for these data.Increased severity of visual impairment in cases was associated with worsening general functioning, psychosocial and overall eyesight scores (p for trend ,0.001).Cases were more likely to report problems with EQ-5D descriptive dimensions than controls (p,0.001),and, among cases, increased severity of visual impairment was associated with worsening self-rated health score. Conclusion:The modified WHO/PBD VF20 is a valid and reliable scale to assess vision-related quality of life associated with cataract visual impairment in this Kenyan population.The association between health-related quality of life and visual impairment reflects the wider implications of cataract for health and well-being, beyond visual acuity alone.
openalex: W2135868529 mag: 2135868529
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Implementation of life orientation programmes in the new curriculum in South African schools : perceptions of principals and life orientation teachers - Prinsloo, E. (South African Journal of Education, 2007)
The curriculum of the Life Orientation (LO ) learning area forms an excellent basis for equipping learners to respond positively to social demands, assume responsibilities, and optimize their life chances. I report on a qualitative study that focused on the extent to which schools and LO teachers succeeded in achieving the outcomes of the programmes. Teachers' views regarding their training and skills in this area were investigated and factors that determined successful implementation were probed. Data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires and interviews with principals and LO teachers from 12 secondary schools in four provinces in South Africa. Principals identified the problems they experienced in establishing the necessary climate and structures for the implementation of Life Orientation in their schools and teachers described the barriers they had struggled to overcome. The findings emphasised key challenges in achieving successful implementation of the LO programmes in schools. South African Journal of Education Vol. 27 (1) 2007: pp. 155-170
openalex: W1488620221 mag: 1488620221
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Mortality Rates, Prevalence of Malnutrition, and Prevalence of Lost Pregnancies among the Drought-Ravaged Population of Tete Province, Mozambique - Renzaho, Andre Μ Ν (Prehospital and disaster medicine, 2007)
Abstract Background: Tete Province, Mozambique has experienced chronic food insecurity and a dramatic fall in livestock numbers due to the cyclic problems characterized by the floods in 2000 and severe droughts in 2002 and 2003. The Province has been a beneficiary of emergency relief programs, which have assisted >22% of the population. However, these programs were not based on sound epidemiological data, and they have not established baseline data against which to assess the impact of the programs. Objective: The objective of this study was to document mortality rates, causes of death, the prevalence of malnutrition, and the prevalence of lost pregnancies after 2.5 years of humanitarian response to the crisis. Methods: A two-stage, 30-cluster household survey was conducted in the Cahora Bassa and Changara districts from 22 October to 08 November 2004. A total of 838 households were surveyed, with a population size of 4,688 people. Results: Anthropometric data were collected among children 6–59 months of age. In addition, crude mortality rates (crude mortality rates), under five mortality rates (under 5 mortality rate), causes of deaths, and prevalence of lost pregnancies were determined among the sample population. The prevalence of malnutrition was 8.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.2–9.8%) for acute malnutrition, 26.9% (95% CI = 24.0–29.9%) for being underweight, and 37.0% (95% CI = 33.8–40.2%) for chronic malnutrition. Boys were more likely to be under-weight than were girls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.82;p <0.05) after controlling for a, household size, and food aid beneficiary status. Similarly, children 30–59 months of age were significantly less likely to suffer from acute malnutrition (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.79; p <0.01) and less likely to be underweight (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.51;p <0.01) than children 6–29 months of a, after adjusting for the other, aforementioned factors. The proportion of lost pregnancies was estimated at 7.7% (95% CI = 4.5–11.0%). A total of 215 deaths were reported during the year preceding the survey. Thirty-nine (18.1%) children <5 years of age died. The CMR was 1.23/10,000/day (95% CI = 1.08–1.38), and an under 5 mortality rate was 1.03/10,000/day (95% CI = 0.71–1.35). Diarrheal diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) accounted for more than two-thirds of all deaths. Conclusions: The observed CMR in Tete Province, Mozambique is three times higher than the baseline rate for sub-Saharan Africa and 1.4 times higher than the CMR cut-off point used to define excess mortality in emergencies.The current humanitarian response in Tete Province would benefit from an improved alignment of food aid programming in conjunction with diarrheal disease control, HIV/AIDS, and malaria prevention and treatment programs. The impact of the food programs would be improved if mutually acceptable food aid program objectives, verifiable indicators relevant to each objective, and beneficiary targets and selection criteria are developed. Periodic re-assessments and evaluations of the impact of the program and evidenced-based decision-making urgently are needed to avert a chronic dependency on food aid.
openalex: W2097657484 mag: 2097657484
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Effects of wastewater discharge on heavy metals pollution in Fadama soils in Kano City, Nigeria. - Sá, M. E. García López De; Mm, Alhassan (PubMed, 2007)
To present the results of a research project on 6 heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Cr) at 30 Fadama fields scattered around Kano.Following a reconnaissance conducted, 30 representative Fadama lands being irrigated with wastewater were selected from zones of the city under residential, industrial, commercial, and mixed but largely residential landuses. Five additional Fadama lands not being irrigated with wastewater were selected to serve as control. Using grid sampling procedure, soil samples were selected from 0-15 cm and 20-30 cm depths and analyzed for the above listed heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. T-test was used to compare the mean values of the metals for the Fadama lands under different landuse zones with those of the control.Analyses of the soil data collected showed that the metals were concentrated in higher amounts in the lower (20-30 cm) than the upper (0-15 cm) depths, which was an indication of downward movement of the metals in profile of the soils. In the two soil depths, Zn was generally the most abundant, followed by Cr, then Pb, Cu, and Cd while Hg was the least. The Fadama soils in areas of mixed landuses with industrial as the dominant ones maintained the highest concentrations of the various metals.These results indicate clearly that the Fadama soils are significantly polluted by industrial and household wastewater and that there is a particular threat from Cr and Pb pollution. There is also evidence that the metals are accumulating at lower layers of the soil profile, suggesting that not only plants and soil, but even water bodies could be under the threat of heavy metal pollution in the area.
openalex: W180775266 mag: 180775266
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Crustal Deformation Associated with the Earthquake Activity at Dahshour Area, Southwest Cairo, Egypt - Sakr, Kamal (Journal of The Geological Society of India, 2007)
On 12 th October 1992 the Cairo city in Egypt was hit by an earthquake with a magnitude of mb=5.8. This earthquake occurred at Dahshour area, 35 km southwest of Cairo. Monitoring of recent crustal movement by the Global Positioning System (GPS) is carried out during the period 1999-2003 in the epicentre area. The tectonics as well as seismotectonics of Dahshour area is investigated. Three seismogenic faults that trend E-W, NW-SE and NE-SW affect the area. A11 these faults are nonnal faults; tensional stresses are predominant. The results obtained from the GPS measurements show significant horizontal movements during the period of observation about 8mm/year. The observed horizontal movements are comparable with the tensional stress obtained by fault plane solutions of earthquakes. The extensional and compressional strains are estimated to be +0.4 and -0.2 microstrain/y.
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The Role of Communal Practices in the Generation of Capital and Emotional Energy among Urban African American Students in Science Classrooms - Seiler, Gale; Elmesky, Rowhea (Teachers College Record, 2007)
One of the intractable aspects of the so-called achievement gap between Black and White students lies in our failure to identify viable ways to increase science achievement and participation among African American students living in our inner cities. However, there has been little research that attempts to understand how the social and cultural experiences of these African American students affect what happens in science classrooms. Using lenses from cultural sociology, the research presented in this paper begins to describe the nature of communalism as a cultural disposition and a component of their repertoires of practice. While recognizing the complex and contradictory nature of culture, we argue that communalism is common among African American experiences and has particular significance in interactions among urban teens, and that it permeates urban classrooms as well. By focusing on a pair of African American male students, we answer important questions of how communal practices afford the generation of social and symbolic capital along with positive emotional energy, as shared goals are addressed and science participation and understanding are enhanced. In addition, we offer suggestions on how teachers can employ an understanding of the role of communalism, capital, and emotional energy in improving science teaching and learning in their classrooms.
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Education, events and Egyptian plan on track : president's comment - Strydom, Shirleigh (The first resource, 2007)
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An examination of the relationship between achievement values and perceptions of barriers among low-SES African American and Latino students. - Taylor, April Z.; Graham, Sandra (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007)
Peer nomination procedures were used to explore the development of academic achievement values and their relation to perceptions of barriers to opportunity. A total of 615 boys and girls across 3 grade levels (2nd, 4th, 7th) and 2 ethnic groups (African American, Latino) nominated peers who they admired, respected, and wanted to be like. Nominations were summed to create a value index. Girls in both ethnic groups and across grade levels were more likely to nominate high- or average-achieving same-gender classmates as those who they admired, respected, and wanted to be like. Second- and 4th-grade boys in both ethnic groups reported a nomination pattern similar to that of girls. However, 7th-grade boys in both ethnic groups showed a relative preference for low-achieving same-gender classmates as valued. Perceptions of barriers were related to increasing valuing of low achievers among African American 7th-grade boys. Implications of the findings for understanding the motivational challenges of ethnic minority male adolescents are discussed.
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Facing the Challenges of the International Airways Volcano Watch: The 2004/05 Eruptions of Manam, Papua New Guinea - Tupper, Andrew; Itikarai, Ima; Richards, Mark A.; Prata, Fred; Carn, S. A.; Rosenfeld, Daniel (Weather and Forecasting, 2007)
Abstract Devastating eruptions occurred at Manam, Papua New Guinea, from October 2004 to January 2005. An unprecedented set of pilot reports were obtained; ground-, air-, and satellite-observed eruption heights differed greatly. Satellite postanalysis and satellite CO2 slicing techniques give consistent heights. The climactic eruption, on 27 January 2005, reached 21–24 km MSL; four other eruptions reached 16.5–19 km. Tracking of these ice-rich clouds was done by monitoring strong “ice” signatures on 11–12-μm infrared imagery (for two eruptions), by using reflectance-based techniques (during the daytime), and by using SO2 detection (available only in postanalysis). A remote lightning detection network could not detect the eruption clouds, despite detecting lightning from thunderstorms in the area. The eruptions appeared to enhance the nocturnal cycle of (ash contaminated) deep convection above the island, consistent with previous work on diurnal volcanic cumulonimbus at Mount Pinatubo. The communications and infrastructure challenges of the region strongly affected the performance of the volcanic ash warning system, but can be partially addressed with the development of appropriate strategies. A strategy of gradual advisory cessation at the end of each event generally worked well but failed where numerical modeling and satellite observation were insufficient. An aircraft apparently encountered SO2 from the cloud over Dili, Timor-Leste; no engine damage was reported, but no close inspection was made at the time. It is suggested that maintenance guidelines be developed to help clarify the risk of volcanic ash damage from encounters with clouds where only SO2 odor is observed.
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Low Prevalence of Anaemia in a Cohort of Pre-School Children with Acute Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Nigeria - Umar, Rabi’u Aliyu; Jiya, Nma; Ladan, MJ; Abubakar, Mujaheed; Hassan, Sanusi Wara; ., U. Nata`ala (Trends in Medical Research, 2007)
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Educators' conceptions and practice of classroom assessments in post-apartheid South Africa - Vandeyar, Saloshna; Killen, Roy (South African Journal of Education, 2007)
The changes in post-apartheid South Africa have been accompanied by considerable changes in the education system. The most notable include desegregation of schools, development of a National Qualifications Framework, adoption of new language policies for education, and introduction of outcomes-based curricula. However entrenched assessment practices appear to be hampering the efforts to transform school education. An analysis of the assessment practices of three Grade 4 educators in multilingual classrooms revealed that the educators were unable or unwilling to adapt their assessment practices to the changing demands of South African school education. South African Journal of Education Vol. 27 (1) 2007: pp. 101-115
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Education law - liability of State for contractual damages payable by public school - Section 60(1) of South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 : Technofin Leasing & Finance (Pty) Ltd v Framesby High School 2005 6 SA 87 (SE) - Visser, P.J. (2007)
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Assessment of point and non-point pollution associated with the power generation sector in South Africa - Zyl, H. D. van; Heath, R. G. M. (Water Science and Technology, 2007)
Access to water and water availability remains a key factor in ensuring the sustainability of development in Southern Africa. The need for guidelines to improve management of this valuable resource, and to regulate pollutant discharge, is therefore of national interest. A new and growing threat to our natural water resources is non-point source (NPS) pollution. The important distinction between point pollution and NPS pollution is that the latter is difficult to identify and the entry point of contamination to resources is diffuse and not limited to a single location. NPS pollution associated with power generation includes, but is not limited to, atmospheric deposition resulting from emissions (air and water), leachate from coal storage piles and runoff from impervious areas which are covered with dust fallout from coal and ash handling operations. Emissions of primary concern are sulfur, nitrogen and mercury.
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Failure to thrive? The community literacy strand of the Additive Bilingual Project at an Eastern Cape Community School, South Africa - Hunt, George (Journal of Research in Reading, 2007)
This paper discusses an attempt to establish community literacy procedures in an Eastern Cape community school. The school hosts the Additive Bilingual Education (ABLE) project, a cooperation between UK and South African universities and the school trust. The community literacy strand of the project encourages family members to contribute oral texts in Xhosa to the school (for example, ntsomi or traditional stories, biographies and procedural texts such as recipes). These are then turned into print and electronic text through shared writing, and act as reading resources through paired reading, a cross‐age peer‐tutoring procedure. This is an attempt to deal with the shortage of reading material in Xhosa, while at the same time enhancing community involvement in the school by producing ‘culturally relevant’ materials. In discussing the problems I encountered in attempting to establish these procedures, I seek to link factors operating at the micro level of school practicalities and community attitudes with those operating at the macro level of national policy and international cooperation.
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Food keeps African children in school - Madamombe, Itai (Africa Renewal, 2007)
A year ago, Fatouma would watch other children run to school while she stayed behind to care for her younger brothers and sisters. But a mere $34 per year helped the shy eight-year-old Senegalese girl take her place among students in the Tambacounda region in the eastern part of the country. Poor children are enrolling and staying in school, enticed by the daily meals they receive.
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Learning from structural adjustment: why selectivity may not be the key to successful programmes in Africa - Noorbakhsh, Farrhad; Paloni, Alberto (Journal of International Development, 2007)
Abstract Many donors have come to view selectivity in aid allocation—particularly towards countries with good governance—as the key for improving aid effectiveness. This position draws support from research according to which the success of policy reforms depends exclusively on domestic political economy factors. This finding has recently been questioned, however. This paper makes an original contribution to the literature with its attempt to identify the determinants of compliance with World Bank conditionality by employing publicly available data which evaluate a country's compliance directly. Our analysis suggests that poor compliance is not exclusively determined by exogenous factors, which the World Bank cannot influence, but is also a consequence of poor policy design. Better design of reform programmes is essential for greater aid effectiveness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Social Work Education and Police in Papua New Guinea. - Lovai, Betty (Educational Research Review, 2007)
The contribution of social work education to the professional capacity development of police officers commenced in 1974 when the Diploma in Police Studies was introduced at the University of Papua New Guinea under the Social Work Programme. In 2001, a study was conducted to assess the impact of social work education on police officers. The study focused only on those police officers that were still employed by the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary. The information was collected through interview surveys using a structured questionnaire. This paper presents and discusses the respondents’ perception of how social work education is valued by the Department of Police. Key words: Commissioner, commissioned and non commissioned officers, demotion, graduates, Police Act 1998, Police officers, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary
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Gender issue in the Performance of Students Admitted through UME and Pre-degree into the Nigerian Universities - Omirin, M. S. (Educational Research Review, 2007)
This study examined the gander issue in the performance of students admitted through UME and pre-degree into the Nigerian Universities. Ex-post facto design of descriptive research was adopted for the study. A proforma was used to collect data from a sample of two hundred and fifty students from the faculties of Science in the Nigerian Universities. Purposive, stratified and proportional sampling techniques were employed in the selection of the sample. Data collected were analyzed using student t-test. Four null hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significant. Results of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between the academic performance of male and female students in the Nigerian Universities. Based on the findings, it was recommended that both male and female students should be given equal chances of admission in the UME and Pre-Degree programmes. Key words: Gender, pre-degree, performance, competitive, imbalance.
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Global and local alignments in HIV/AIDS prevention trainings: A case study from Burkina Faso - Drescher, Martina (Communications, 2007)
Abstract This article presents a linguistic analysis of data from an ongoing research project exploring HIV/AIDS education in West African Burkina Faso. I argue that we can identify different, sometimes even competing, discourses about the disease in prevention interactions. Thus, communication about HIV/AIDS in Burkina Faso—and probably in most of the Sub-Saharan countries—might be characterized by what I will call, with reference to Bakhtin, discursive heteroglossia. There is clear evidence of such discursive heteroglossia, that is, the participants' alignment to local and global HIV discourses, deployed in the communication of health workers. In my analysis of peer educators training sessions, I draw on theoretical and methodological principles from discourse analysis and interactional linguistics. I focus on the linguistic devices and conversational strategies the participants use to indicate the relevance of the local or the global discourses. Three particular devices—namely, metaphors, epistemic and evidential markers, and word explanations—will be examined in a more detailed way. I will also show how the local and the global interweave at different levels of prevention discourse.
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Stereotype endorsements, gender and some home economics-related behaviour among secondary school students in Gaberone, Botswana - Ogwu, Edna Nwanyiuzor; Nenty, H. Johnson (Gender and behaviour, 2007)
The most lucrative resources for sustainable technological, economic, social and personal development are human resources. Nations are advanced to the extent that they have been able to develop in every area of human potential the resources of every citizen. But in some societies such development is limited by stereotypic biases against certain groups in the society and against some areas of human potential. For example, by stereotyping home economics as female-only subject, males accept the limitations placed on them by the gendering process which inhibits the identification, development and utilization of home economics skills necessary for their personal, social, economic and technological development. To determine the extent and consequences of such endorsement on willingness to study and attitude towards home economics among secondary school students in Gaborone, a survey analytical study involving 402 randomly selected subjects was carried out. The results of appropriate data analyses to test relevant research hypotheses showed a high level endorsement of home economics as a female-only subject among the students and confirmed the speculation that the level of such endorsement has significance influence on students' willingness to study and attitude towards the subject irrespective of gender. These results were discussed and some recommendations made. Gender and Behaviour. Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 927-952
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Official launch of the Unisa Regional Learning Centre, Akaki, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Pityana, N. Barney (2007)
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Training for Digital Reference: A South African Experience - Penzhorn, Cecilia (Libri, 2007)
The ever-changing digital environment has had significant impact on the scope and nature of reference work. The question explored in this article is whether the necessary skills for efficient digital reference librarianship are being taught in library schools. For students to become effective practitioners in the digital environment they need not only theoretical knowledge but also practical experience in the application of digital reference technology. This article provides an overview of a practical course in reference work that was developed at the Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa, in 2005. Practical sessions in the computer laboratories covered a range of synchronous and asynchronous technologies providing students with insight into and hands-on experience with digital reference. Continuous assessment throughout the course, and feedback from the students, identified possible shortcomings in the practical training programme, and specific suggestions are made to address these in the future.
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Depletion of the thioredoxin homologue tryparedoxin impairs antioxidative defence in African trypanosomes - Comini, Marcelo A.; Krauth‐Siegel, R. Luise; Flohé, Leopold (Biochemical Journal, 2007)
In trypanosomes, the thioredoxin-type protein TXN (tryparedoxin) is a multi-purpose oxidoreductase that is involved in the detoxification of hydroperoxides, the synthesis of DNA precursors and the replication of the kinetoplastid DNA. African trypanosomes possess two isoforms that are localized in the cytosol and in the mitochondrion of the parasites respectively. Here we report on the biological significance of the cTXN (cytosolic TXN) of Trypanosoma brucei for hydroperoxide detoxification. Depending on the growth phase, the concentration of the protein is 3-7-fold higher in the parasite form infecting mammals (50-100 microM) than in the form hosted by the tsetse fly (7-34 microM). Depletion of the mRNA in bloodstream trypanosomes by RNA interference revealed the indispensability of the protein. Proliferation and viability of cultured trypanosomes were impaired when TXN was lowered to 1 muM for more than 48 h. Although the levels of glutathione, glutathionylspermidine and trypanothione were increased 2-3.5-fold, the sensitivity against exogenously generated H2O2 was significantly enhanced. The results prove the essential role of the cTXN and its pivotal function in the parasite defence against oxidative stress.
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Erythropoietic indices in elite Kenyan runners training at altitude: Effects of descent to sea level (2007)
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Experiences of Chinese international students learning English at South African tertiary institutions - Ayliff, Diana; Wang, G. (South African journal of higher education, 2007)
This article aims to provide insight into the experiences of Chinese international students in some South African tertiary institutions. The study investigates their successes and failures in endeavouring to learn English and the culture shock and 'learning shock' they endure when registering to study in an African country with an essentially European-based tertiary education system. The current state of English learning and teaching in China is compared with that of South Africa, as is the daunting prospect of taking the step to study in a country on the other side of the globe where their home language is hardly spoken and their cultural background little understood. The students' insecurities surrounding their language learning suggest that the hugely different approaches in mainland China and South Africa are at the root of their anxieties and problems concerning their learning experiences. By opening up, exploring and understanding some of these differences South African academics might be empowered to help reduce the shock international students experience in adjusting to our system and assist them to achieve academic success. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20 (3) 2006: 387-399
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Social exclusion, access and the restructuring of higher education in South Africa - Cele, Nhlanhla; Menon, Kirti (South African journal of higher education, 2007)
The National Plan for Higher Education in South Africa (NPHE) (2001) identifies access as one of the priorities for the transformation of higher education. Consequently, several structural adjustments, policy shifts and enabling mechanisms have been put in place to enhance the efficiency of universities that will eventual lead to access for success. By focussing on multiple views and perspectives in relation to access, this article explores the extent to which access as a policy initiative has contributed to a radical transformation of the South African higher education system. The article presents an overview of positions and perspectives on access by critically analysing the new funding formula, the restructuring of higher education and policy shifts that foreground output and efficiency as main levers of the transformation of higher education in South Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20 (3) 2006: 400-412
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The challenges for an African DE learner - a distance educator's perspective - Mostert, JW (South African journal of higher education, 2007)
This article will first provide a theoretical overview of the problems that learners experience in distance education. It will also deal with some of the implications for course design. Problems associated with study through a distance education institution include loneliness, time management, examination skills and the format of the study material. Some distance education learners also struggle to adapt to a situation in which the role of the academic has changed from lecturer to facilitator. It is important that the distance education learner take responsibility for his/her own independent learning. In the second part of the article, a generic delivery model for distance education in Africa will be proposed. The model will be based on the problems identified in the first part of the article and on the experience of the author both as a regional academic manager at Unisa and as a distance education learner at the same institution in 2004. It is also important that note be taken of the quality criteria developed by the Nadeosa task team. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20 (3) 2006: 501-513
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A snapshot: South African university students' attitudes, perceptions and knowledge of HIV/AIDS - Raijmakers, L. R.; Pretorius, Jenny D. (South African journal of higher education, 2007)
This article presents the findings of a survey conducted in August 2004 of students' attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections, HIV/ AIDS and sexual practices at an Institution of Higher Education. The study was set against the backdrop of the 2004 South African national survey, conducted by the Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, which identified the worrying trend that although South African youths acknowledged HIV/AIDS as the biggest problem facing them and 45 per cent personally knew someone who had died of AIDS, the vast majority of those who engaged in risk behaviour did not think they were personally at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. A representative sample of students in the age range 17 to 25 completed a confidential, anonymous questionnaire. In spite of high-risk sexual behaviour, that is, multiple partners and inconsistent condom use, most students believed that they were not at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. A review of students' sexual behaviour is followed by recommendations. The findings of this survey are relevant for management of higher education institutions. Information on students' attitudes and perceptions will enable Higher Education management to review their present strategies and policies on HIV/AIDS. This will facilitate the implementation of the most effective methods of responding to an epidemic that is increasingly more visible on campuses in South Africa (Higher Education HIV/AIDS Programme 2004). South African Journal of Higher Education Vol. 20 (2) 2006: 299-317
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Implications of Out-of-School Activities for School Engagement in African American Adolescents - Dotterer, Aryn M.; McHale, Susan M.; Crouter, Ann C. (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007)
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Comparative geochemical study of the 1982 and 1999 Mount Cameroon volcanic eruptions, South-West Province, Cameroon - Lapi, P.N; Amobi, JO; Ofoma, A.E; Ezepue, M.C. (Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2007)
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Downscaling of current and future rainfall climatologies for southern Morocco. Part II: Climate change signals - Huebener, H.; Kerschgens, M. (International Journal of Climatology, 2007)
Abstract Climate simulations from ECHAM4/OPYC3 (IS92a scenario) and ECHAM5/MPI‐OM1 (SRES A1B scenario) are analysed regarding their precipitation change signal in southern Morocco at the border of the Saharan desert. Results are obtained from statistical‐dynamical downscaling, using circulation weather types (CWTs) as driving fields. The trends obtained from the two climate models between their respective control (1969–1989) and scenario (2060–2089) periods are added to climatology obtained form NCEP reanalysis data (1958–1997). The resulting changes are compared to general circulation models (GCM) simulated rainfall changes. Application of the climate trends between the respective control and scenario periods of the two data sets to the climatology obtained from NCEP reanalyses leads to an increase of days with CWTs that favour rainfall in the region. This would lead to an enhanced rainfall amount by 20% for the ECHAM4/OPYC3 IS92a run and rainfall increase of 8% for the ECHAM5/MPI‐OM1 model A1B run. These findings are rather surprising, since the simulated rainfall developments from ECHAM5/MPI‐OM1 model A1B run gives a negative precipitation tendency for the area ( ca − 25 mm/a) and the ECHAM4/OPYC3 IS92a run depicts a slight rise in rainfall rates ( ca + 25 mm/a), due to enhanced moisture transport in a warmer atmosphere. Thermodynamic aspects are not considered here since the used approach is purely dynamical. The contradicting rainfall tendencies are attributed to the coarse resolution of the GCMs and the important role the High Atlas Mountain range plays in the mechanisms generating precipitation in the region. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
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The design of diagnostic reading materials for South African learners in the foundation phase using English as the language of learning - Jongh, De; Jeanetta, Annie (2007)
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Perceptions, expectations, apprehensions and realities of graduating South African optometry students (PEAR study, 2006) - Oduntan, Alabi O.; Louw, A.; Moodley, Vanessa R.; Richter, Magdalena S.; Poser, P. von (African vision and eye health (Online), 2007)
The objective of this study was to establish the perceptions, expectations, apprehensions and realities of South Africa optometry students completing their undergraduate studies in 2006. Copies of a questionnaire containing relevant information were distributed to all graduating students at the four Universities offering Optometry. The responses were coded and analyzed. The respondents (N=143), representing 77% of the graduating students included 27.3% males and 72.7% females, aged 20 to 37 years (mean = 23.34 ± 2.75). About a third (32.9%) of the respondents considered opening their own practice as the best way of entering into practice. Also, this mode of practice was considered as providing the greatest fulfilment for their personal (60.8%) and professional (53.8%) goals as well as offering long term financial security (43.7%). Many (56.6%) have secured employment before graduation. Upon graduation, 43.4% would like to join a franchise. Many (79.7%) felt that Government was not offering sufficient opportunities for optometrists. The majority, (70.6%) felt that the South African optometry profession is fastly becoming saturated and this was of great concern to many (31.5%). About half, (50.3%) have plans to go overseas to practice and the most common destinations were the UK (36.1%) and Australia (15%). The mean minimum monthly salary expected as new graduates was between R9 500 and R11 500 in the public and private sectors respectively. On a response scale, the future of optometry in South Africa was scored as 6.59 ± 1.92. Findings in this study may be useful to all stake holders in optometric education in South Africa, as they may reflect the future of the optometry profession in the country.
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Rearticulating the Leadership Experiences of African American Women in Midlevel Student Affairs Administration - Clayborne, Hannah L; Hamrick, Florence A. (NASPA Journal, 2007)
This qualitative study of African American women holding midlevel administrative positions sought to broaden and challenge conceptualizations of leadership by focusing on respondents descriptions of their leadership experiences. Findings centered principally on the intensely relational qualities associated with leadership and leading, mentoring and supervising, and the off-campus nature of most sources for professional support and validation. Tenets of Black feminist thought (Collins, 2000) were used to analyze aspects of respondents experiences in light of controlling images of Black women, resistance strategies, and empowerment for activism. Implications for research and practice include further explorations of culturally informed meanings of leadership and leading, as well as coming to broader understandings of professionals myriad definitions and fulfillment of leadership.
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Cases of ectopic pregnancies as seen in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria - Amole, O.O.; Izegbu, C (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2007)
Objective: To determine the prevalence rate, the major forms of ectopic pregnancy and to correct some of the inadequacies in filling of the laboratory forms. Materials and Methods: Relevant data on 91 ectopic pregnancy specimens received at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja between May 1 2001 and 30 November 2004 were collected from the laboratory forms and analyzed. Results>/b>: A total of 91 ectopic pregnancy cases were received during the 3 year period. The total gynaecological and pregnancy-related specimens were 613 and 472 respectively. Ectopic pregnancy accounted for 14.4% of all the gynaecological and 19.28% of pregnancy-related specimens received in the laboratory. The ages of the patients presenting with ectopic pregnancies ranged from 17 to 36 years with the age group 25 – 29 years representing the highest percentage of 51.6%. The ages of the patient studied were not recorded in 62.2% of cases. 96.70% of the pregnancy specimens were tubal while ovarian occurred in 3.3% of cases. Each of the fallopian tubes had 50% chance of being involved. The sites of the tubal ectopic pregnancy were not specified in 73.2% of cases. A case of bilateral ectopic pregnancy was received. The tubes were recorded as having ruptured in 37.8% of cases. Results showed that lymphocytes are the commonest inflammatory cells seen in the fibro-muscular wall of the fallopian tubes. Conclusion: The rate of ectopic pregnancy is on the increase in Lagos(1). The high rate of tubal rupture associated with ectopic pregnancy can be reduced through the creation of better awareness of this condition in the society, as this will ensure early presentation and referral of cases to hospital. Doctors should be encouraged to fill the relevant portions of the laboratory forms correctly before sending specimens to the laboratories. Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy, Incidence rate, Histopathological laboratory forms Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: 79-82
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Profile of menarche among school children in south eastern Nigeria - Ezem, BU (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2007)
To determine the age and other characteristic of menarche among school children in south Eastern Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to students of two secondary schools in the south Eastern Nigeria. The completed questionnaires were then analysed. The mean age of menarche was found to be 13.1 years. The modal duration of menstruation was four days, while 5.5% and 3.4% of respondents had very heavy periods and severe pain respectively. In 82.8% of the girls the first period lasted 3-5 days. Although most girls (97.4%) had previous education about menarche, many (64%) still wrongly felt that menstruation had a cleansing function for the body. The age of menarche was 13.1 years in the study population. This was consistent with what is found in other parts of the world with a similar state of urbanization and socioeconomic status Keywords: Menarche, School Children, South Eastern Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: 87-88
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Prevalence of filariasis among prospective blood donors at Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria - Mabayoje, V. O.; Adeyeba, Oluwaseyi Adegboyega; Taiwo, SS; Muhibi, MA; Ojurongbe, Olusola (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2007)
It has been stated that high prevalence of microfilaria in Africa has compounded the problem of blood shortage in our blood banks as prospective blood donors positive for microfilaria are automatically excluded from donation. This fact, together with changing population demographics, increased travels with respect to rural urban migration and the problems of commercial blood donors has made it necessary to determine the prevalence of filarial infection among blood donors in our institution. A total of 491 subjects aged 18 years and above and voluntarily consenting to donate blood at the blood bank of the Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria between April and June 2005 were screened for microfilaria. Five milliliters of blood was collected from each subject. The modified thick smear technique described by Denham, and Giemsa and Haematoxylin stains were used to detect microfilaria in the blood. Of the 491 prospective blood donors (402 males, 89 females, M:F ratio 4.5:1, age range 18-62 years) screened, the age group 21-30 years and 31-40 years constituted 39.3% and 28.3% respectively. Five (1.01%) were positive for microfilaria; 3 (60%) had Mansonella perstans, 1 (20%) had Onchocerca volvulus while 1 (20%) had Loa loa. All the 5 donors were male aged 23, 25, 31, 50 and 55 years and were asymptomatic. The average parasite density of the donors was 1.4 microfilaria/20 µL of blood. Because of the possibility of allergic reactions from transfused microfilariae, routine screening for microfilariae should be incorporated into transfusion policy in our hospitals. However, in view of the generally low apathy to voluntary blood donation in Nigeria, it may not be justified to exclude potential donor positive for microfilaria. Instituting prompt antifilarial treatment for patients receiving such blood may be a credible alternative Keywords: Prevalence, Filariasis, Blood donors, Osogbo Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: 71-73
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A Study of Conventional and Competency-Based Methods Used in Training Kenyan Nurses on the Management of Obstetric Emergencies - Macharia, Jacinta Mary Wachui (2007)
The goal of training health professionals is to assist them obtain the knowledge, skills and attitudes essential for the provision of safe and high-quality health services to clients. At the time of this study, there was no core curriculum for training Kenya Registered Community Health Nursing students (KRCHN) and yet they sit the same Nursing Council final examination. This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken during the students' 3rd block sessions in June and July 2003 and it employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. The main objective of this study was to compare the performance of KRCHN students who are trained in the management of obstetric emergencies using a competency based approach (that is skills laboratory) with those undergoing the traditional methods. The study used observations at the skills laboratory/demonstration rooms and focus group discussions both with the students and the trainers to fulfill the objectives. Data for the 3 trainees' assessments namely Resuscitation of the newborn, delivery of baby in occipito-posterior position and Bums-Marshall Manoeuvre between KMTC Nairobi, that implements CBLM, and the other two training institutions namely Machakos and Kisumu schools of nursing, that use the traditional methods, were collected, organized and processed using SPSS. To compare the differences in Medians of the 3 different students' assessments between the 3 institutions, Kruskal -Wallis one-way ANOVA was used. Where results were significant, a Post- Hoc multiple comparison test was used to identify which group or groups differed from the other. Focus group responses were used to explain strengths and weaknesses observed in the students' performance. The results of delivering of baby's head when presentation is occipitoposterior position were X2df2=6.9232; P=0.0314 showing that the differences were significant. Those for resuscitation of the newborn were also significant (X2 df2 = 4.0937; P = 0.0355). For Bums-Marshall Manoeuvre, the differences were not significant (X2 df2 = 6.6786; P = 0.129). Using a Post-Hoc multiple comparison tests, Nairobi was found to differ significantly from Machakos in OPP assessment while Kisumu differed significantly from Machakos in the resuscitation of the newborn assessment. As for Bums-Marshall head delivery assessment, no two groups were significantly different at the 0.05 level. These results show that students' performance was not significantly associated with the instructional methods which are currently being used in the three schools of nursing and can be used by policymakers to chart the way forward for the skills laboratory approach or when standardizing the curriculum. In conclusion, competency of a student is may be increased by the provision of an environment, both in the skills laboratory and the clinical areas, that guarantees the practice of skills taught. This study was, therefore, necessary in order to generate data which will assist the Nursing Council and other trainers make a decision as to the best approach to use for training competent nurses. In effect, the well-trained nurses will ensure the success of primary health care programs, which are usually designed to be responsive to the community health needs such as reduction in maternal and infant mortality rates.
openalex: W2577900398 mag: 2577900398
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Client perception of radiotherapy services at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - Onajole, AT; Ajekigbe, AT; Oreagba, IA; Odeyemi, KA; Ogunnowo, B E; Abdulraheem, IR; Roberts, AA; Oridota, ES (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2007)
Assessment of quality from the patient's perspective could be a method of aiding improvement of services to achieve total quality management. This study set out to determine the level of knowledge of radiotherapy among patients and assess their attitude to the radiotherapy services provided at the Oncology clinic of the Department of Radiotherapy, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria. Data collection was by self-administered questionnaires using a systematic random sampling technique of every second patient attending the clinic over a period of six months. Both old and new patients were included in the study. A total of 104 patients were interviewed. More than two-thirds of the respondents (70.2%) were females. Most (86.3%) of the female respondents were aged 30- 69yrs. A quarter (25.8%) of the male respondents were under 30 years. The majority of both males (62%) and females (58.9%) had at least senior secondary education. Majority of the respondents (males, 54.8% and females, 61.6%) were reassured in terms of the treatment modalities being received. About two-thirds (64.5%) of the males and three -quarters (74.0%) of the females felt they had improved chances of survival. Majority of the males (51.6%) and females (57.5%) felt that radiotherapy had its worth in the management of their conditions. Most (94.5%) of the clients who perceived radiotherapy to be of adequate worth felt there was an improvement in their condition. The study recommended the need for improved communication in doctor – patient relationships in chronic diseases such as cancer. Keywords: Client, perception, radiotherapy and services Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 5 (2) 2006: 57-61
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Perceptions of Sexual Coercion: Learning from Young People in Ibadan, Nigeria - Ajuwon, Ademola J.; Akin‐Jimoh, Iwalola; Olley, Benjamin O.; Akintola, Olagoke (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
This study explored the problem of sexual coercion from the perspectives of 77 young people aged 14-2 7 in Ibadan, Nigeria, the behaviours they perceive to be sexually coercive and the con texts in which these occur through four narrative workshops. Participants were drawn from two secondary schools and 15 apprentice workshops. All four groups identified similar coercive behaviours and developed narratives of the events that typically lead up to them. Behaviours included rape, unwanted touching, incest, assault, verbal abuse, threats, unwanted kissing; forced exposure to pornographic films, use of drugs for sedation and traditional charms for seduction, and insistence on abortion if unwanted pregnancy occurs. Men were typically the perpetrators and young women the victims. Perpetrators included acquaintances, boyfriends, neighbours, parents and relatives. All the narratives revealed the inability of young people to communicate effectively with each other and resolve differences. The results suggest the need for life-skills training that facilitates communication, seeks to redress gender power imbalances, teaches alternatives to coercion as a means of resolving conflict over sexual relations and respect for sexual and reproductive rights, and provides victims with information on appropriate services, support and referral.
openalex: W3122885788 mag: 3122885788
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Understanding Safe Sex: Gender Narratives of HIV and Pregnancy Prevention by Rural South African School-Going Youth - Harrison, Abigail; Xaba, Nonhlanhla; Kunene, Pinky (2007)
In South Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic, young people, especially women, are at high risk due to an apparent gap between awareness and practice. In repeated peer group discussions with girls aged 14-15 and boys aged 16-79, we explored influences on safe sex behaviour. Separate male and female safe sex paradigms emerged, with boys less likely to perceive themselves as 'at risk' and more likely to use condoms. Girls had not used condoms, would have preferred to delay sexual relationships and feared pregnancy as well as HIV/AIDS. Both sexes deemed it difficult for girls to initiate condom use, although both sexes viewed condoms favourably. Girls saw condoms as a sign of love and protection, whereas boys tended to use them with casual partners. A lack of decision-making autonomy within relationships further constrained girls' ability to practice safer sex. Involvement of peer participants in review of their own narrative data helped to ensure representation of participants' voices in the findings. Overall, these findings point to the need for programmes to address gender inequalities and emphasise behavioural skills in the years before sexual activity begins.
openalex: W3125918321 mag: 3125918321
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Differences in African‐American and European‐American students' engagement with nanotechnology experiences: Perceptual position or assessment artifact? - Jones, M. Gail; Tretter, Thomas R.; Paechter, Manuela; Kubasko, Dennis; Bokinsky, Alexandra; André, Thomas; Negishi, Atsuko (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2007)
Abstract This study examined middle and high school students' perceptions of a weeklong science experience with nanotechnology and atomic force microscopy. Through an examination of student self assessments and their writing, the study allowed us to examine some of the issues that may contribute to discrepancies that are seen between European‐American and African‐American students in science. The results of the study showed that after instruction, African‐American students were significantly more likely to agree with the statement that “science involves mostly memorizing things and getting the right answer,” than European‐American students. In addition, European‐American students were significantly more likely to write their newspaper stories from a first person perspective than their African‐American peers. The results are discussed in light of the assessment task, students' interpretations of formal writing, cultural differences in the use of language in writing, and possible cultural differences in students' perceptions of the science experience. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 787–799, 2007
openalex: W2034732295 mag: 2034732295
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Geohelminth eggs in the soil and stool of pupils of some primary schools in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria - Nock, Ishaya Haruna; Duniya, D; Galadima, M (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
Samples of soil from yards and stool from pupils in six public and private primary schools in Samaru, Zaria were examined for geohelminh eggs towards highlighting the public health significance of contaminating soil with faeces. Of the 1,120 soil and 800 stool sample examined using the ZnSO4 centrifugal floatation technique and microscopy, 12.0% and 52.0% were positive, respectively. Eggs of Ascaris sp (4.6%), Trichuris sp (4.0%) hookworm (2.8%,) Toxocara sp (0.4%), and Strongyloides sp (0.2%) were recovered from he soil. The stool samples contained eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (9.3%) and eggs/larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis (1.5%). The prevalence in soil was not influenced by the apparent cleanliness of the environment of the private schools in contrast to the environment of the private schools in contrast to the very dirty state of the public schools (p>0.05), nor was the prevalence in the public influenced by heir sex or age (p>0.05). The wide and unrestricted spread of the prevalence/ infection is attributable to indiscriminate disposal of faeces in and around the school the yards and Samaru in general. Intervention by way of education on poor hygiene habits and coupled with legislation against indiscriminate disposal of faeces and is enforcement, is recommended. The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 24 2003: 115-122
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Trends, challenges and opportunities for LIS education and training in Eastern and Southern Africa - Ocholla, Dennis N.; Bothma, Theo J.D. (New Library World, 2007)
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the status, trends and challenges of library and information education and training in Eastern and Southern Africa. It notes that library and information education and training in Africa is undergoing rapid change, with difficult challenges to be overcome. For example, during the past 20 years, the number of library schools has grown in some regions and declined in some, such as South Africa. Common LIS factors include amalgamation, re‐orientation, and curriculum review and revision. Design/methodology/approach The authors' extensive experience with and exposure to LIS education has been used together with observations and literature survey in the field to inform this paper. Findings It is evident that LIS schools have, to a greater or lesser extent, been redesigning their curricula to keep track of the latest developments in the information world and keep their teaching market‐related. New qualification programmes have been developed to provide opportunities for further specialization. In many cases departments have changed their names to reflect these new focus areas and extensions, and in many cases departments have realigned themselves within their universities. It is evident that LIS schools have taken the challenges of the changing information environment very seriously, and have adapted their curricula, their names and their institutional alignments to reflect these changes. Research limitations/implications The paper raises fundamental issues concerning trends, challenges and opportunities for LIS education and training in eastern and southern Africa by largely drawing examples from the authors' experience and related African studies in the domain. Practical implications The paper provides useful current information to inform LIS educators, researchers, students and other stakeholders on the issues and challenges of LIS education in the region. Originality/value Information provided in this paper is of value for comparative studies on LIS education and training. The paper is current and largely informed by participant observation, participation and experiential knowledge that is fresh and well informed.
openalex: W2071168364 mag: 2071168364
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Participatory approach in production of information, education and communication materials for enhancement of community ownership and sustainability of community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Cross River State, Nigeria - Oyene, Ukam Ebe; Braide, PD; Adie, H I; Ikpeme, B; Esu, B B; Okoronkwo, Chukwu (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
Onchocerciasis remain one of the scourges that causes blindness and dermal problems in tropical Africa, Nigeria is said to harbor 7million of the 40 million cases found world wide (1). One of the strategies adopted in addressing low community participation in Community Directed Treatment with Ivermentin CDI aimed at reducing this scourge in some communities of Cross River State Nigeria, is the intensification of community mobilization and sensitisation using Information, Educational and Communication IEC materials. Initial experiences from the health education campaign showed that the IEC materials used in he area were no sensitive enough to arouse the interest of the target population in CDTI. A participatory approach that entailed involving the members of the target communities in the conception, design, and pre-testing stages of posters was adopted. It was observed that the posters produced by the target communities were better appreciated than those centrally production without the participation of community members. It was obvious that the centrally produced posters did not adequately address the social-cultural characteristics of the target audience. Also, in the posters produced by participatory approach , issues such as community role and adherence to treatment for several years were better highlighted. These massages were considered very crucial to the sustainability of CDTI. The new posters elicited the desired effects towards community ownership, viability and continuity of communication. The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 24 2003: 17-24
openalex: W1988281014 mag: 1988281014
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The prevalence of gastro-intestinal tract parasites in primary school children in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria - Ukpai, Onyinye Mkpola; Ugwa, CD (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
A study on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal tract parasites was conduced in three primary schools in Umudike, Ikwuano local government area, Abia State. 300 stool samples from pupils' ages 5-16 years were examined. The following parasites were isolated, namely Hookworms (53.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (36.7%), Trichuris trichiura (2.3%) Entamoeba histolytica (11.7%), Entamoeba coli (0.3%) and Giardia lamblia (1.7%). Multiple parasitism were also encountered. The age groups 5-7, 8-10 and 11-13 years recorded high prevalence rate of 54.7%, 54.3% and 57.8% respectively for hookworms and 40.0%, 39.0% and 35.6% respectively for Ascaris lumbricoides. Infection was greater among pupils who used pi latrine and water closet (WC). The Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 24 2003: 129-136
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Ecology and Abundance of Oligochaetes as Indicators of Organic Pollution in an Urban Stream in Southern Nigeria - Arimoro, Francis O.; Ikomi, R B; Iwegbue, Chukwujindu M. A. (Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007)
A study of the aquatic oligochaetes of an organically polluted segment of an urban stream in Southern Nigeria was carried out to assess the ecological impact of abattoir effluent. Three stations 1, 2 and 3 were selected from upstream of the site receiving abattoir effluent, the impacted site and its down stream, respectively. Among the water quality variables, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BODs, Nitrate-nitrogen, Phosphate-phosphorus and water hardness were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the stations. Orthogonal comparison using Duncan's multiple range test showed that station 2 (the impacted site) was the cause of the difference. A total of 14 species of oligochaetes were identified with 13 (92.8%) occurring in the impacted station. Tubifex, Dero limnosa and Nais communis were the dominant taxa, less frequent were Stylaria, Aelosoma and Lumbriculus variegatus (Muller). Pistina and Chaetogaster species were sporadically present. The density of the different taxonomic groups differed among the stations with the impacted station accounting for the greatest abundance and diversity of the organisms. The organic wastes from the abattoir not only altered the water chemistry but also stimulated the abundance of oligochaete worms.
openalex: W1970650627 mag: 1970650627
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Mauritian Creole and Language Attitudes in the Education System of Multiethnic and Multilingual Mauritius - Rajah-Carrim, Aaliya (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2007)
Mauritius is a multilingual postcolonial island of the Indian Ocean. Although the French-lexified creole, Mauritian Creole/Kreol,⋑1 is the native language of 70% of the Mauritian population, it is excluded from the education system. Kreol lacks prestige because it is seen as broken French and associated with the local Creoles, a socioeconomically deprived ethnic group. Over the last decade, there has been increasing pressure on the government from linguists and pedagogues to include this low-prestige variety in the school system. The government has recently proposed the introduction of Kreol in primary schools. In this study, I analyse the attitudes of 79 Mauritians towards the introduction of Kreol into the education system. I show that there is no consensus as to whether or not Kreol should be introduced in schools. Responses also highlight the two distinct roles of Kreol: it is both a national language and an ethnic language associated with Creole identity.
openalex: W2108906050 mag: 2108906050
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Training for the archival profession in Namibia - Nengomasha, Cathrine T. (Archival Science, 2007)
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Metal Pollution Assessment of Surface Sediments Along a New Gas Pipeline in the Niger Delta (Nigeria) - Adami, Gianpiero; Cabras, Igino; Predonzani, Sergio; Barbieri, Pierluigi; Reisenhofer, E. (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007)
openalex: W2086310425 mag: 2086310425
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Congenital eye disease at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria - Bodunde, OT; Ajibode, HA (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2007)
Congenital eye disorders, though rare are important causes of childhood blindness. It can occur in isolation or in combination, or as part of a syndrome. This retrospective study was aimed at documenting the causes of congenital eye diseases at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria.A review of the case notes of patients presenting at the eye clinic with congenital eye diseases between January 1994 and December 2004 was carried out.The most common congenital disorders are cataract 50 (47.6%), congenital glaucoma 15 (14.3%), Dacryostenosis 11 (10.5%), and corneal opacity 6 (5.7%) which are causes of preventable blindness. Less common congenital disorders are microcornea (1%), aniridia (1%), retinal atrophy (1%), and congenital anomaly of the optic disc (1%), which are congenital causes of irreversible childhood blindness.We conclude that screening programmes should be instituted at the maternity centers before babies are discharged for early detection of congenital eye diseases and treatment of those that can cause preventable blindness. Also we recommend that Government should strengthen our welfare system by providing adequate measures for rehabilitation and care of those with irreversible blindness.
openalex: W1978311907 mag: 1978311907
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In His Image, The Mark Of Our Worth: Training Selected Church Leaders In Ghana To Be Advocates For The Sanctity Of Life - Bortey, Dora Borteley (2007)
openalex: W1548473226 mag: 1548473226
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Ophthalmic theatre time utilization in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Ike-Okoye, O (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2007)
An audit of the utilization of the ophthalmic theatre time of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu was conducted in order to identify the main factors hindering maximum utilization of the theatre, with a view to improving efficiency and effectiveness of the operating theatre team.Data was collected prospectively over a period of 3 months (16th May - 22nd August 2005). A total of 28 elective operation lists consisting of 47 eye surgeries was surveyed. Theatre time utilization was studied with respect to commencement and end of cases, turnover interval, start delay interval and main reasons for delays.A total of 57 hrs 5 mins (46.8% of total theatre time used) was spent on doing the actual surgeries and the turnover activities between cases. The total amount of time lost before the commencement of the lists was 64 hrs 50 mins (53.2% of total theatre time surveyed). Late arrival of operating theatre team personnel was noted to be the main single contributory cause of start delays, accounting for 32 hrs 35 mins of lost time.The ophthalmic theatre time at our centre is grossly underutilized and measures aimed at reducing start delays and the logistic problems would help ensure optimal utilization of time and other resources.
openalex: W1966594589 mag: 1966594589
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Pathology as a profession: Contribution of undergraduate traing on choice of career among final year students of a medical school in north central Nigeria - Jombo, Gta (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2007)
The choice of pathology as a profession by would be resident doctors, will, to a large extent depend on the amount of knowledge acquired on the subject at the undergraduate level.A questionnaire was self administered to final year medical students of University of Jos shortly after the completion of the final written paper in medicine in September 2005; meant to elicit their views on choosing patology as a profession after graduation.Eighty-five students enrolled comprising 65 (76.5%) males and 20 (23.5%) females Ninety six percent of the students were between 26 and 30 years. Those who found Pathology interesting were 76.5%; 18.8% picked pathology as their career of first choice after graduation 5.9%, 3.5% and 5.9% as 2nd, 3rd and 10th choices repectively. Among the pathology disciplines, 8.2%, 4.7%, 3.5% and 2.4% would specialize in Histopathology, Haematology, Chemical Pathology and Medical Microbiology respectively. The students generally complained of inadequate time and exposure during the postings as well as the difficulty in understanding Medical Microbiology.More time should be allocated to the teaching of Pathology at the undergraduate level. Learning enhancing aids should be introduced such as: regular practical demonstrations, audio-visual teaching aids, computer assisted programs and the establishment of pathology museums in the medical schools across the country.
openalex: W2005819181 mag: 2005819181
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Nosocomial and community acquired urinary tract infections at a teaching hospital in north central Nigeria: Findings from a study of 12,458 samples - Jombo, Gta; Egah, DZ; Banwat, EB; Ayeni, J A (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2007)
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is still a problem not infrequently encountered in the course of clinical practice. This study was designed to ascertain its prevalence among both the in and out-patients and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates.A retrospective analysis of data from all the urine samples processed at Jos university teaching hospital microbiology laboratory was undertaken for a period of 36 months (January 2000-December 2002). Samples had been collected, stored and processed by standard laboratory procedures. Results obtained were analysed using SPSS 11 statistical software and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.Of the 12,458 urine samples studied comprising 43% males and 57% females: the overall prevalence of UTI was found to be 22%; 7.4% among males and a higher figure of 14.6% among females, this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The rate of nosocomial UTI was significantly higher than the community acquired type: 12.3% and 9.3% respectively (p < 0.05). The commonest nosocomial isolate was Klebsiella spp while Escherichia coli were for community acquired group. Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also common isolates. The most effective antibiotics were Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime.In-patients especially should be encouraged to drink adequate water daily and practice "double urination" to reduce incidence of UTL. Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime should be considered first in the treatment of UTI in the absence of a susceptibility test.
openalex: W2011352852 mag: 2011352852
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Fish species diversity as indicator of pollution in Ikpoba River, Benin City, Nigeria - Tawari–Fufeyin, P.; Ekaye, Sese-Owei (Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2007)
openalex: W2118041728 mag: 2118041728
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Blood Pressure Pattern in School Children, Abadir Elementary School Addis Ababa, Ethiopia - Hassen, Mebratu; Gedlu, Etsegenet (Ethiopian Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 2007)
Elevation of the systemic arterial blood pressure represents one of the most common problems in clinical medicine. In contrast to the experience in adults, the incidence of hypertension in children is quite low.The objective of this study was to see the pattern of BP in school aged children and its relation to age, sex, weight and height. All children, age 6 through 12 years in Abadir Elementary School, Lideta Sub-City, A.A, formed the study population. Blood pressure measurements were made according to recommendations made by the second task force on Blood pressure control in children the mean systolic and mean diastolic BP for both sexes combined was 97.86 ± 9.73 and 70.51 ± 8.60 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference between both the mean systolic (p = 0.201) and diastolic (p = 0.750) of boys and girls. The blood pressure of boys increased with age (p = 0.001) while there was no significant increment or change of BP of girls with age (p > 0.3). from this study it was observed the height – for –age did not show an effect on BP but the effect of weight for age was significant only on boys (p = 0.001). Though the study had its own limitations the findings are worth to be taken up as a base line for future more conclusive studies.
openalex: W2900437266 mag: 2900437266
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Contextual Teaching Of Soteriology Amongst The Central Bantu Of Kenya - Kamunge, Paul Mwangi (2007)
openalex: W90359703 mag: 90359703
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Intergenerational education mobility of black and white South Africans - Nimubona, Alain‐Désiré; Vencatachellum, Désiré (Journal of population economics, 2007)
openalex: W2005546350 mag: 2005546350
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Nocturnal enuresis among secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria - Anochie, IC; Ikpeme, EE (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2007)
Background: Enuresis is a common problem in children. The impact upon the lives of children and their families is often underestimated. Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence, causes and effect of enuresis among students in Port Harcourt. Methods : A survey of junior and senior students from 2 secondary schools in Port Harcourt Local Government area was done using self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 491 students between the ages of 10-21years were studied. There were 248 (50.5%) females and 243(49.5%) males. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) was reported in 124(25.3%) students; out of which 59(47.6%) had primary NE. NE was significantly more in males than in females and in those from polygamous homes(c2=7.29, df = 1, p
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Factors determining pedagogic efficiency of secondary: school critical analysis of academic failure in Burkina Faso - Coulidiati-Kiëlem, Justine (2007)
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Pattern of morbidity among pre-school children attending the children's outpatient clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria - Nwolisa, CE; Erinaugha, AU; Ofoleta, S. I. (Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 2007)
Several interventional programmes which sought broadly to promote the health of the child and also prevent diseases were introduced globally in the latter period of the last century. This study set to describe the pattern of morbidity among pre-school children attending the children's outpatient clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri.The case records of pre-school children who presented at the clinic between January and April 2004 were collected and entered into a spread sheet. The age, sex and diagnosis made were extracted from the records. In cases where more than two diagnoses were made, the most likely two following a review of presenting complaints and findings on examination were chosen.Eight hundred and twenty nine patients consisting of 468 (56.2%) males and 361 (43.5%) females met the inclusion criteria. Patients aged 0-11 months constituted 47.8% while those between 48 and 59 months accounted for 1%. The five commonest causes of morbidity were malaria (60.7%), acute respiratory infection (35.8%), diarrhoeal disease (7.4%), skin infection (6.8%) and urinary tract infection (3.6%). The prevalence of malaria and acute respiratory disease were highest in patients aged between 12-23 months while diarrhoea was highest in the group 0-11 months. The prevalence of vaccine preventable diseases such as measles and tuberculosis were low accounting for 1.1% and 1% of morbidity respectively.This study shows that morbidity from vaccine preventable diseases is low, which is likely a reflection of the increased emphasis on immunization programmes. The major causes of morbidity in pre-school children in Owerri are still common diseases that have been around for a while and are basically preventable.
openalex: W1983735736 mag: 1983735736
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Blindness and visual impairment in the Niger Delta: A study of Ahoada East Local Government, Rivers State, Nigeria - Pedro-Egbe, CN; Chukwukah, IO; Babatunde, Seye; Umeh, R. E. (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2007)
Background: According to the WHO and the National Program for Prevention of Blindness (NNPB), the prevalence of blindness for Nigeria averages 1%. For blindness control/prevention programs to be effective, reliable epidemiological data are needed which is seldom available in developing countries where most of the blind live. Aim: To determine the prevalence and common causes of blindness and visual impairment in Ahoada-East Local Government Area of Rivers State. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2002. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 866 individuals from a generated household list in six of the 34 communities in the LGA. Ocular examination included visual acuity, fundoscopy and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measurement in subjects with cup/disc ratio > 0.5. Data was recorded using the standard WHO/PBL eye examination. Results: Most of the subjects were
openalex: W2073406510 mag: 2073406510
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North-South exchange and professional development: experience from Mali and France - Dormael, Monique Van; Dugas, Sylvie; Diarra, Salimata (Family Practice, 2007)
Background. Developing countries are facing the challenge of developing a family practice culture in a context in which clinical practice remains strongly associated with hospital practice. To what extent can professional exchange between GPs from North and South fuel novel professional identities in family practice? Objectives. Assess to what extent a North–South professional exchange programme involving rural GPs from Mali and France affected practice development and professional identity formation of Malian GPs. Methods. Qualitative analysis of 19 exchanges between rural GPs from Mali and France based on (i) interviews; (ii) retrospective report analysis; (iii) field observation of three exchanges; (iv) workshop with Malian GPs; and (v) workshop with French GPs. Results. Malian GPs reported increased self-esteem, increased concern for doctor–patient communication and innovations in practice organization. Although Malian participants considered a transfer from France's general practice irrelevant, the experience was thought provoking. The interpersonal and professional interaction was crucial. The Malian Rural Doctors Association provided a platform to capitalize on individual experiences in a process of collective professional identity construction. Costs of the programme were kept low, limiting possible side expectations of participants. Conclusions. North–South professional exchange can contribute to professional development. Exchange programmes should be designed as mutual learning processes, rather than unilateral assistance or transfer of practice models. Southern family practitioners are likely to improve primary care to individuals and families, while Northern GPs can draw lessons from the community perspective of primary health care in the South. Recruitment and preparation of participants are crucial, as well as collective reflection upon return.
openalex: W1973467624 mag: 1973467624
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‘Meet us at the other side of the river’: performance venue and community education among migrant fishermen in Nigeria - Nwadigwe, Charles E. (Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 2007)
The site of the performance is largely a cultural expression defining the physical surroundings and conditions in which the audience and performers interact. Similarly, the character of the theatrical occasion is often shaped by the place designated for the event. In contemporary practice and discourse, the concept of theatre has widened, giving rise to flexible spaces and fluctuating perceptions of performance venue. In response to the exigencies of the times, theatre moves away from its traditional sites and places in search of ‘audience’ with the people. As a viable medium for community education, theatre has been adapted in various mobilisation campaigns for social development. In Nigeria, the inadequacies of the mass media in reaching and persuading target audiences at remote sites and places necessitate the use of drama for community education in such areas as primary healthcare, HIV-AIDS, voter education, census awareness, school enrolment, religious tolerance, the Highway Code, and self-help development initiatives. Nigeria has abundant water resources comprising streams, creeks, lakes, rivers, and the Atlantic Ocean. A large percentage of the population lives along the coast and riverbanks and subsists on fishing. In recent times, the protection of the environment and conservation of biodiversity has gained prominence on international agendas and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of the United Nations. Thus, governments and NGOs in Nigeria have emphasised the adoption of safe fishing technologies and practices. However, the campaigns appear to be making slow progress, necessitating the use of theatre to educate fishing communities. But the target audience is often on the move, searching for more fertile fishing locations. This article discusses the dynamics of site and place in educating migrant fishermen through theatre. Specifically, the research investigates the peculiar influence of the performance venues (places) on target communities as well as the artistic challenges of working in such terrains (sites). Drawing from these experiences, the study highlights some useful lessons learnt and their dual implications for artistic development and policies affecting nomads and migrant populations.
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Surgical procedures performed at the periodontal clinic, Lagos University teaching hospital, Nigeria - Nwhator, Solomon O.; Ayanbadejo, P O; Savage, KO (Tanzania Dental Journal, 2007)
Aim To highlight the scope and outcome of surgical procedures performed at a periodontal clinic in Nigeria and to stimulate a rethink on Pericoronal Flap Gingivectomy (PFG). Methodology All systemically healthy surgical patients seen at the periodontal clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were included. A history of any debilitating illness such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus excluded patients from the study. Age and gender comparisons of outcome were made. Ten modalities were employed. Asepsis was observed. Wound closure was done with silk suture. Periodontal dressing was applied. Chlorhexidine mouthwash, analgesics and antibiotics were given. A 24-hour review appointment was given. Dressings and sutures were removed at the 1 week postoperative appointment. Results Forty-five patients, 29 (64.4%) females and 16 (35.6%) males were treated utilizing ten periodontal surgical modalities that included 16 (35.6%) PFG, 8 (17.8%) gingivectomies and 12 (36.7%) flap procedures The rest were periodontal plastic surgeries and regenerative procedures. Twenty nine (64.4%) of the patients treated were 34 years old or below. Conclusion Pericoronal Flap Gingivectomy (PFG) was the most commonly utilized periodontal surgical procedure. The outcome of periodontal surgical procedure was generally favourable. Plastic and aesthetic techniques had unfavourable outcomes. Keywords: Periodontal, Surgery, Lagos Tanzania Dental Journal Vol. 13(2) November 2006: 50-55
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Valuable training in South Africa - Reid, Adam J. (The BMJ, 2007)
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Growing up and sexual maturation and the culture of silence surrounding disability in Zimbabwe - Chakuchichi, David; Shumba, Overson; Manokore, Viola; Dhlomo, Thelma (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
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School counsellors' perceptions of headmasters' attitudes towards guidance and counselling in Zimbabwe secondary schoolsskills in secondary school agriculture - Chireshe, Regis; Mapfumo, John (Zimbabwe journal of educational research, 2007)
The study sought to find out school counsellors' perceptions of headmasters' attitudes towards the guidance and counselling programme in Zimbabwe secondary schools. Two hundred and six (N=206) school counsellors participated in the study. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data. The SPSS 7.5 version was used to analyze the data. A t-test for independent samples was used. The results revealed that headmasters were perceived as having negative attitudes towards the guidance and councelling programme. There was no significant difference between male and female counsellors' perceptions of headmasters' attitudes towards the guidance and counselling programme. Recommendations for improving headmasters' attitudes were made.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 17 (1) March 2005: pp. 19-29
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Quality concerns in basic primary education in two rural districts of Zimbabwe: An interrogation of perceptions of critical stakeholders - Chisaka, Bornface Chenjerai; Mavundutse, Oliver (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
Since independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has been priding itself of a high literacy rate among its population, and has been producing what has been termed high quality products in the form of teachers, doctors, nurses, among others, who are in high demand in Africa and beyond. This has been largely due to what Harrison as cited in Doherty(1994) calls the massification of education in the post-colonial era, which saw all young people of school going age accessing primary education. But the question that comes to mind is, “to what extent can mass education provide quality education? Or is it a question of elite education being written a little larger as Neave(1985) and Harrison(1994) say? A non-governmental organisation (NGO) , Save the Children Norway-Zimbabwe(SCNZ), has developed an interest to promote and enhance basic quality education in two rural districts of Zimbabwe, Bikita (in Masvingo Province) and Rushinga(in Mashonaland Central Province). To this effect, the authors were engaged to carry out a study in the two districts in 2003/2004. The project was: Needs Assessment Study on Access to Basic Quality Education in Zimbabwe: The case for Bikita and Rushinga Districts. This presentation is based on that study project and a review of literature an the debate on quality education in general.
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Promoting the use and teaching of African languages in Zimbabwe - Gudhlanga, Enna Sukutai (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
This paper is a discussion of the work that has been done by the Zimbabwe Government and This The African Languages Research Institute in trying to promote the use and teaching of African languages in the coubtry. It briefly discusses the colonial and post-colonial language policies that resulted in the marginalisation of African languages. The discussion also focuses on the challenges and constraints that have been encountered in trying to use an African language as a language of wider communication and medium of instruction. The paper finally gives some practical suggestions on how Zimbabwe and other African countries can promote indigenous languages.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol. 17 (1) March 2005: pp. 54-68
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Different views of distance education and how these views affect distance teaching and open learning within the Zimbabwe Open University - Mudavanhu, Young; Mvere, Farai S; Majoni, Cuthbert; Mupondi, Aaron; Kaputa, Thomas Musankuleni (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The study investigated stakeholders' views of distance education and their implications on distance teaching and open learning at Zimbabwe Open University. The study used a descriptive survey design and questionnaire instrument. The population of the study was 14700 students, 200 administrative staff and 850 lecturers. A sample of 258 students, 13 administrative staff and 41 lecturers was selected using convinient sampling technique. These were stakeholders who visited ZOU centres and volunteered to complete the questionnaire between May and June 2001. The study used Statistical Package for Social Sciences to produce frequency distribution tables and Chi-square statistical tool to test whether there were significant differences among stakeholders' views of distance education. The study found out that stakeholders had different views of distance education, and that these views negatively impacted on distance teaching and open learning. Zimbabwe Open University should induct all stakeholders on distance education, its operations, and their roles.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol. 16(3) November 2004: pp. 241-261
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Towards an understanding of assessment practices of primary school teachers in Tanzania - Ndalichako, J. L. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
This study attempted to explore the assessment practices of primary school science teachers in Tanzania. The findings of the study revealed that teachers rely heavily on the traditional methods of assessment. Techniques that are commonly used by teachers include tests and quizzes, classroom exercises and homework. Assessment practices that require extended time to accomplish, like projects and observations, are rarely used. In terms of use of assessment data, the findings revealed that teachers view assessment data as a means of improving teaching and learning although the aspect of using assessment to plan for the next lesson was lowly ranked. Teachers tend to emphasize the knowledge domain with attitudes being virtually ignored. The paper concludes by offering useful suggestions for improvement of classroom assessment practices.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol. 16(3) November 2004: pp. 168-177
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Effects of cooperative concept mapping teaching approach on secondary school students' achievement in biology in Gucha district, Kenya - Orora, W; Wachanga, S W; Keraro, F N (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
This study investigated the effects of using Cooperative Concept Mapping (CCM) teaching approach on secondary school students' achievement in Biology. A non-equivalent control group design under the quasi-experimental research was used in which a random sample of 4 co-educational secondary schools was obtained in Gucha District. These 4 schools were randomly assigned to four groups. Each school provided one Form Two class for the study hence a total of 156 students were involved. Students in all the groups were taught the same Biology content but in two groups they were taught through CCM approach while the rest were taught through regular teaching methods. Before the four weeks course started, the students were trained in cooperative learning techniques. Two groups were pre-tested prior to the implementation of CCM treatment. At the end of teaching, all the four groups were post-tested using the Biology Achievement Test (BAT). Data were analysed using the t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The results show that students exposed to CCM approach have significantly higher achievement than those taught through regular methods. The researchers conclude that CCM is an effective teaching approach which biology teachers should be encouraged to use.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol. 17 (1) March 2005: pp. 1– 18
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Learning opportunities and gaps concerning growing up and sexual maturation in the primary school syllabuses in Zimbabwe - Shumba, Overson; Kaziboni, Tabeth; Manokore, Viola; Chakuchichi, David; Mhondoro, K.; Silitshena, P.; Sango, G.; Dhlomo, Thelma; Dube, Ruth (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
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Factors influencing participation in adult education at three colleges in Zimbabwe - Zinyama, Patricia Tsitsi (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 2007)
The sudden upsurge in student numbers seeking skilled related further education courses at Zimbabwe polytechnics and technical colleges prompted this study to search for the factors driving adults from all walks of life to participate in education. The study emplyed the survey method and data was collected through the use of mailed questionnaires, analysis of student enrolment records and informal interviews. The study looked at the whole population of 474 adult learners registered at the time of the investigation. 41% of the respondent were from Harare polytechnic, 36% from Bulawayo polytechnic and 23% from Mutare technical college. The results revealed that students participate in adult learning mainly to fulfill their personal goals related to their lifestyles and aspirations and to increase knowledge as well as to fill in idle time.Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research Vol. 17 (1) March 2005: pp. 69–79
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Private consumption expenditure in South Africa : the role of price expectations and learning - Koekemoer, Reneé (2007)
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Language and Student Performance in Junior Secondary Science Examinations: The Case of Second Language Learners in Botswana - Prophet, R. B.; Badede, Nandkishor B. (International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2007)
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Reasons for inconsistent condom use by rural South African high school students - Taylor, Myra; Dlamini, Sarah; Nyawo, N; Huver, Rosemarie; Jinabhai, C C; Vries, Hein de (Acta Paediatrica, 2007)
To describe the condom use practices of high school students, compare the beliefs of students who used condoms with those who did not, investigate gender differences in condom use and identify factors that prevent condom use.Cross sectional descriptive study of sexually active grade 10 students at 28 rural high schools who completed a self-reporting structured questionnaire.Of n = 353 students, mean age 17.50 y (SD 1.40), n = 249 (70.5%) males and n = 104 (29.5%) females (p < 0.005), n = 136 (38.5%) had used a condom at last sex. Students who used condoms differed from non-condom users in their beliefs that use of condoms did not imply lack of trust (p = 0.03), supported girls' requesting that their partners use condoms (p = 0.002), perceived greater social support (p < 0.005), and had more self-efficacy (p < 0.005). In the model, condom use at last sex was significantly associated with males (p = 0.03), age at first sex (p = 0.02), knowing a person infected with HIV/AIDS (p = 0.03), and condom use self-efficacy (p = 0.001).The low rate of condom use amongst these students during the AIDS epidemic is influenced by students' condom use self-efficacy, emphasizing the need for skills' training. The increasing mortality due to HIV/AIDS may be a cue that encourages condom use.
openalex: W2084401726 mag: 2084401726
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Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment among school children in south-western Nigeria - Ajaiyeoba, AI; Isawumi, M. A.; Adeoye, AO; Oluleye, Tunji S (International Ophthalmology, 2007)
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More severe disability of North Africans vs Europeans with multiple sclerosis in France - Debouverie, Marc; Lebrun, C.; Jeannin, S.; Pittion‐Vouyovitch, S.; Roederer, Thomas; Vespignani, Hervé (Neurology, 2007)
To compare the clinical disease progression in European (E) and North African (NA) patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in France.We compared the clinical features of MS in 211 NA patients and 2,945 E patients in a French population-based cohort with definite MS according to McDonald's criteria.Among the NA patients with MS, 66.4% were women vs 72.9% of the E patients (p = 0.04), 15.6% had a primary progressive form of MS vs 11.7% of the E patients (p = 0.08), and the mean age at onset was 29.9 +/- 9.8 years in the NA patients vs 32.9 +/- 10.6 years in the E patients (p < 0.0001). In the NA patients, there was a higher proportion of patients with incomplete recovery from the first relapse (p < 0.0001), a shorter time between the first two relapses (p = 0.02), a higher number of relapses in the first 5 years (p = 0.03), and a shorter time to reach an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 4.0 (p = 0.001) or 6.0 (p < 0.0001). The only statistical difference in these factors between NA patients born in France and those born in North Africa was the mean age at onset of symptoms: it was earlier in NA patients born in France (p < 0.0001).The course of multiple sclerosis is more aggressive in North African than in European patients.
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A Prospective Study Of Spinal Cord Injury In The University Of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria: A Preliminary Report (The Internet Journal of Orthopedic Surgery, 2007)
Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in our environment. It posses a management challenge to the Orthopaedic surgeons in an environment of scarce manpower and specialized facilities. Aim: To establish the pattern of SCI in Calabar and contribute to the existing national data on this injury as well as highlighting the deficiencies in our peculiar environment with a view to improving them. Methods: A prospective research protocol by questionnaire was designed for all patients presenting with spinal cord injury at the University of Calabar Teaching between February 2005 and January 2006. The parameters of study included patients' demographics, mode and pattern of injuries, neurologic grade pre and post treatment, complications and clinical outcome. Results: Fourteen spinal cord injured patients were admitted during the study period. Mean age was 36years with a male/female ratio of 4:1. Motor vehicle accidents were the most common cause 12 (85.7%). Thirteen (93%) patients were transported to the hospital by bus/car while one patient was brought on a motor cycle. None of the victims of road traffic accident wore protective device nor had any proper pre-hospital care. The commonest site of injury was the lumbar region 6 (43%) while cervical and thoracic regions contributed 5 (35.7%) and 3(21.4%) respectively. Clinical presentation were; paraplegia 11 (78.6%), quadriplegia 2 (14.3%) and spinal shock 1 (7%). Treatment included cast/braces support, drugs and Physiotherapy. Associated injuries included limb factures-4, head injuries-1, rib fractures-1, Splenic-1, bowel injuries-1 and soft tissue lacerations in 2 patients. Mean interval between injury and presentation at hospital was 2 days (2hrs-30days) while the duration of stay in hospital ranged between 4 to 20 weeks. Mortality was 2 (14.3%) Conclusion: Public enlightenment on road safety measures and use of proper protective devices including seat belts and helmet could reduce the high morbidity associated with Spinal cord injuries. More spinal centres and training of more trauma/neurosurgeons are needed.
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A Qualitative Inquiry into Teachers' Expectations of Somali (2007)
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Angola Music School (2007)
A war-ravaged past –a new hope for the future... A year in the life of Angola’s only music school, situated in Luanda, the capital of Angola, and one of the world’s poorest and most dangerous places. In Luanda, one of the world’s poorest and most dangerous places, three students from Angola’s only
openalex: W4319156298
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Baseline Data from the Nyando Integrated Child Health and Education Project–Kenya, 2007 (2007)
Approximately 10 million children aged <5 years die each year in developing countries. The leading infectious causes of these deaths include acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, measles, and malaria; malnutrition contributes to approximately 50% of these deaths. To address multiple conditions that contribute to mortality, child-survival programs require effective interventions and implementation strategies. To assess the effectiveness of multiple interventions, CDC has joined with partners to create the Nyando Integrated Child Health and Education (NICHE) project to combine several proven approaches to child survival in an impoverished rural district of western Kenya. During March-April 2007, CDC began the NICHE project with a baseline survey. This report summarizes preliminary data from that survey, which determined that 1) 86.1% of surveyed households were in the poorest Kenya socioeconomic quintile and 2) among children aged 6-35 months, 21.5% had experienced an acute respiratory infection and 9.1% had experienced diarrhea in the preceding 24 hours, 28.0% had chronic malnutrition, 66.2% had anemia, and 19.8% had a positive malaria smear. Comprehensive interventions will be needed to improve living conditions and reduce the risk for death before age 5 years among children in this population.
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Contemporary Student Activism in Sub-Saharan Africa (2007)
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Education, African Americans, and Slavery (2007)
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Intestinal Parasitosis In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Adults With Chronic Diarrhoea At Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. (The Internet journal of parasitic diseases, 2007)
openalex: W2500654547 mag: 2500654547
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Political Change and Student Resistance in Senegal (2007)
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Pre-Lacteal Feeding Practices Of Doctors And Nurses In A State And Teaching Hospital In Western Nigeria: A Cause For Concern (The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness, 2007)
Background: Pre-lacteal feeding of healthy new born babies by the health workers in the neonatal and post-natal wards of many non-baby friendly hospitals is a common practice. A study of these pre-lacteal feeding practices may generate information on the nature and the extent of these practices in the main non-baby friendly hospitals and provide ideas on the necessary adjustment in feeding practices. Aim: To determine the prelacteal feeding practices of Nigerian doctors and nurses in charge of the newborns and their mothers at the 2 major none baby friendly hospitals in a state capital. Materials and Methods: The doctors and nurses in charge of the newly delivered mothers and their babies at 2 Nigerian hospitals were interviewed by means of a pre-tested questionnaire regarding their usual practice concerning the giving of prelacteal feeds. Information such as the departments and assigned wards of duty of the respondents, the reasons why they give prelacteal feeds to the newborn babies and the details of the types and timing of feeds were obtained. Results: Sixty two respondents (30 doctors and 32 nurses) were studied. All the respondents identified mothers own breast milk as the best food for the newborn. However, 60 (96.8%) respondents (29 doctors and 31 nurses) routinely prescribed prelacteal feeds for healthy babies whose mothers were considered to have delay in lactation. The prelacteal feeds prescribed by 29 doctors were infant formula 15(51.7%), glucose drinks 11(37.9%) and plain water 3 (10.3%) respectively. Also infant formula16 (51.6%), glucose drinks 13(41.9%) and plain water 2(6.5%) were prescribed by the 31 nurses respectively. Twenty-one (35.0%) of the total 60 subjects giving prelacteal feeds usually advised giving prelacteal feeds within the first 2 hours of delivery. Conclusion: Pre-lacteal feeding is a common practice among the health workers studied. It should be discouraged by the means of educational seminars and update courses.
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Proteinuria In The Rural Primary School Setting In Nigeria -Using Combi Test Strips (The internet journal of the third world medicine, 2007)
An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of proteinuria using Combi test strips was undertaken among 894 primary school children aged 6-14 years in Imesi-Ile rural communities in Osun State of Nigeria in order to identify those with such disorders. Proteinuria was present in 69 (7.70%) and persisted in 34 (3.80%) pupils. Identified causes of persistent proteinuria were schistosomiasis in 19 (2.13%), urinary tract infection in 1 pupil, acute glomerulonephritis in 1, orthostatic pattern in 7, and in the remaining 6, the cause could not be identified. The serum proteins, electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels were within normal limits in all the pupils except in that with acute glomerulonephritis where the urea, creatinine and the 24 hour urinary protein estimates were elevated. It is concluded that since the identified causes of persistent proteinuria in this study are largely due to infections and infestations, efforts directed towards prevention and treatment of these will go a long way in preventing proteinuria and other renal complaints in this and other rural communities of the third world.
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Reform, Revolt and Student Activism in Zimbabwe (2007)
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Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection In School Children In South-Eastern Nigeria: The Public Health Implication (The internet journal of the third world medicine, 2007)
The prevalence of STH infections was assessed among schoolchildren in Onicha, south-eastern Nigeria, using standard parasitological technique. Of the 510 children examined, 86 (16.9%, 95% CI, 9.38-24.34%) had helminth infections. The males were more infected than the females (18.3% vs 15.5%). Individuals aged 4-6 years old had the highest prevalence of STH infection (27.0%, 95% CI, 16. 62-37.38%). The helminths identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (10.8%),hookworm (4.3%), Trichuris trichiura, (1.2%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.6%). The prevalence of STH infections increased with increase in the number of persons in the household and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 21.02, df = 3, P<0.05). Stunted growth by 1.6m and 0.04kg weight loss were recorded among the infected children. Treatment of STH infections in school-age children may improve growth but health education can be an effective and safe substitute for repeated deworming and reducing the opportunity for the emergence of drug-resistant helminthes.
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The Prevalence Of Acne Vulgaris In Secondary School Students In Yaoundé, Cameroon (The Internet Journal of Dermatology, 2007)
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that leads to scaring and psychological morbidity. Our objectives where to define the prevalence and epidemiology of acne in secondary schools. Over 2 months, 585 adolescent students aged between 10 and 21 years where interviewed and examined. There were 319 (54.5%) girls and 265 (45.5%) boys aged 15.76±0.10. The prevalence of acne was 59.84%. Acne occurred just before puberty in both sexes. The prevalence was higher in those with a family history of acne. Most subjects had never sought medical advice. The distribution was mainly on the face (95%) followed by the back, shoulders and chest. There were negative feelings in the acne sufferers. The prevalence and morbidity of acne in Cameroon is similar to what is seen elsewhere. Education should highlight the problem and encourage adolescents to seek early medical advice. Early medical attention will improve cosmetic appearance and decrease psychosocial morbidity.
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Traumatic Dental Injuries In Nursery School Children From Ile– Ife, Nigeria (The Internet Journal of Dental Science, 2007)
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