Substance Use and Academic Performance among African American High School Students - Williams, James H.; Davis, Larry E.; Johnson, Sharon; Williams, Trina; Saunders, John; Nebbitt, Von E. (Social Work Research, 2007)
Journal Article Substance Use and Academic Performance among African American High School Students Get access James Herbert Williams, PhD, James Herbert Williams, PhD dean and professor of social work Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, 2148 South High Street, Denver, CO 80208; e-mail: james.herbert@du.edu Address correspondence to James Herbert Williams, PhD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Larry E. Davis, PhD, Larry E. Davis, PhD dean and Donald M. Henderson Professor School of Social Work, Cathedral of Learning, University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sharon D. Johnson, PhD, Sharon D. Johnson, PhD associate professor Social Work Department, University of Missouri-Saint Louis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trina R. Williams, PhD, Trina R. Williams, PhD assistant professor School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jeanne A. Saunders, PhD, Jeanne A. Saunders, PhD assistant professor School of Social Work, University of Iowa, Iowa City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Von E. Nebbitt, PhD Von E. Nebbitt, PhD assistant professor School of Social Work, Howard University, Washington, DC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Work Research, Volume 31, Issue 3, July 2007, Pages 151–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/31.3.151 Published: 01 July 2007 Article history Received: 18 October 2005 Revision received: 21 August 2006 Accepted: 05 January 2007 Published: 01 July 2007
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Neurology training in Africa: the Ethiopian experience - Zebenigus, Mehila; Zenebe, Guta; Bower, James H. (Nature clinical practice neurology, 2007)
In developing countries, where the burden of neurological diseases is growing, there is a defi nite and pressing need to develop and strengthen neurology training and services. This Training Matters article provides insight into some of the problems facing neurology training in Ethiopia and discusses some practical ways in which it might be improved.
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Address Forms and Variation Among University Students in Ghana - Afful, Joseph Benjamin Archibald (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2007)
Since Brown and Gilman’s (1960) study, sociolinguists have shown an increasing interest in the use of address forms in various social domains such as politics, workplace, religion, and acdemia. This study shows how students in a Ghanaian university address one another in varied linguistic forms. To accomplish this task, a three-pronged conceptual framework derived from interactional sociolinguistics and an ethnographic-style research design are adopted. Three key findings emerged from the study. The first finding concerns personal name, descriptive phase, and title as key naming practices among students. Second, constrained by socio-cultural and other situational factors, students draw on these naming practices to address an interlocutor. The third point relates to the display of innovativeness and playfulness in the variation of address forms used in, especially, spontaneous interactions. These findings have implications for variationist theory, intercultural communication, and future research on address forms.
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The Pivotal Role of Teacher Motivation in Tanzanian Education - Davidson, Euan (The Educational Forum, 2007)
Abstract In Tanzania, the integral role that teachers play in providing a quality education for students has been recognized consistently in government documents (e.g., Ministry of Education and Culture [MOEC] 1995; 2001). However, concerns about the quality of teachers and teaching in Tanzania persist (Massawe and Kipingu 2000; Kuleana Center for Children's Rights 2001; MOEC 2003, 2004a; Rajani and Sumra 2003; Sumra 2004a; Davidson 2005). One factor that has had a significant impact on teaching quality is the lack of motivation among teachers. This paper discusses factors that contribute to this pervasive condition among Tanzanian educators and suggests policies and initiatives to raise teachers' motivation levels.
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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Levels as Indicators of Environmental Pollution in African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun River - Farombi, Ebenezer O.; Adelowo, O. A.; Ajimoko, Y. R. (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2007)
Levels of Zn, Cu, Cd, As, and Pb in the kidney, Liver, Gills and Heart of African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from the Ogun River in Ogun State located close to six major industries in the South Western part of Nigeria, were determined using Bulk Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Fishes were also collected from Government owned fish farm in Agodi, Ibadan which was considered a reference site. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were also determined. The trend of accumulation of the metals in the organs is as follows: Heart - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Gills - Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As; Kidney - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Liver - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. The order of concentration of the metals in the organs is as follows: Arsenite - Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Zinc - Gills > Liver > Kidney > Heart; Lead- Liver > Kidney > Gills > Heart; Copper- Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Cadmium > Liver > Gills > Kidney > Heart. The levels of heavy metals ranged between 0.25- 8.96 ppm in the heart, 0.69- 19.05 ppm in the kidneys, 2.10-19.75 ppm in the liver and 1.95-20.35 ppm in the gills. SOD activity increased by 61% in the liver, 50% in the kidney and in the heart by 28 % while a significant decrease (44%) was observed in the gill of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river compared to that Agodi fish farm (P<0.001). On the contrary there was 46%, 41%, 50% and 19% decrease in CAT activity in the liver, kidney, gills and heart respectively. The levels of GST activities in the liver, kidney and heart of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river increased by 62%, 72% and 37% respectively (P<0.001) whereas there was a significant decrease (41%) in the gills (P<0.05) compared to that from the Agodi fish farm. GSH concentration increased by 81%, 83% and 53% in the liver, kidney and heart respectively but decreased by 44% in the gills. MDA levels of Clarias gariepinus were significantly (P<0.001) elevated in the liver, kidney, gills and heart by 177%, 102%, 168% and 71% respectively compared to that from Agodi fish farm. Overall, the results demonstrate that alteration in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione system and induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of heavy metals which may cause oxidative stress in the Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River. The study therefore provides a rational use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.
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Sex differences in under and over nutrition among school‐going Black teenagers in South Africa: an uneven nutrition trajectory - Jinabhai, C C; Reddy, P. Sudhershan; Taylor, Myra; Monyeki, D.; Kamabaran, N.; Omardien, Riyadh G.; Sullivan, Keith (TM & IH. Tropical medicine and international health (Print), 2007)
To investigate the nutritional status of Black South African teenagers by sex and compare it with nutritional profiles of teenagers from other countries.The first South African Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (2002) was adapted to include anthropometric data and this paper reports on the prevalence of under and over nutrition among 5322 Black teenagers, aged 13.0-17.9 years, grades 8-11. Prevalence of over nutrition in this study was compared with other countries using a World Bank country economic classification.Significant sex differences were observed for under and over nutrition. Boys (18.4%) had a higher prevalence of underweight than girls (2.6%) (P < 0.005), who were more at risk of overweight than boys (20.9%vs. 4.2%) (P < 0.005). Boys (21.9%) were more stunted than girls (9.4%) (P < 0.05), but stunted girls were at greater risk of overweight than boys across all levels of stunting. The prevalence of overweight among boys (4.2%) was lower than in other countries while for girls (20.9%) was similar to several upper middle and high income countries.Gender sensitive strategies are required to address both under and over nutrition among South African teenagers to reduce stunting and future chronic disease epidemics in adulthood. This paper suggests that Black South African teenagers are experiencing an uneven nutritional transition across sex, from under nutrition to over nutrition.
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A study into the factors that influence female engineering students' career choice: a case study of Mutare Polytechnic, Zimbabwe - Matope, Stephen; Makotose (Scientific Research and Essays, 2007)
The purpose of this research was to identify the factors which influence the female engineering students’ career choice in the beginning of the twenty-first century. A further investigation was done to identify the degree to which these factors influence female students in choosing engineering as a career. A case study was carried out with the female engineering students at Mutare Polytechnic which is currently undergoing a process of acquiring university status. Engineering lecturers at the same college were also involved in the study. Despite all the negative influences experienced by the female engineering students in their career choice, sheer interest in engineering had caused them to choose the career as indicated by the 98% approval from the female engineering students. It was also possible to make recommendations with the view to improve the advancement of females in engineering careers. Key words: Factors influencing, female engineering students, career choice, engineering, interest.
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From Apartheid Education to the Revised National Curriculum Statement: Pedagogy for Identity Formation and Nation Building in South Africa - Msila, Vuyisile (Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2007)
The transition from apartheid education to the present education system in South Africa has not been without problems. Debates on educational issues are always contentious because they involve many stakeholders such as politicians and ordinary communities. In the past, South African education reflected the fragmented society in which it was based, and it hardly created conscientious, critical citizens. Education as a means of undemocratic social control created individuals who were not only short changed but were also compartmentalised along racial and cultural lines. The system also failed to address the democratic principles based on access, full participation and equity. Currently, however, education is seen as a weapon of transformation. The Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) sees education as a tool that could root the South African values enshrined in the Constitution. Democracy, social justice, non-racism, equality and reconciliation are among the fundamental values of the South African education system. On the one hand, market requirements emphasise the need to empower learners in the sciences as this has the potential to improve the economy. On the other hand, education needs to empower learners for effective citizenship and individual enrichment. In this paper, we trace the historical foundations of formal education. Thereafter, the focus falls on how the current RNCS enhances the meaningful participation of learners in society. We look at the potential of education for nation-building. It is also crucial to look at models that could magnify the value of education in post-apartheid South Africa.
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Policy, philosophy and pedagogical initiative to HIV/AIDS education in the Nigerian secondary school's social studies curriculum - Ojedokun, Olalekan Elijah; Oyewusi, L. M.; Oluwatosin, S. A. (Educational Research Review, 2007)
This paper attempts a review of the Nigerian National Policy on Education, in the context of the overall philosophy of the Nigerian national life as reflected in the objectives of Social Studies ‐ a subject in the Nigerian Junior Secondary Social Studies curriculum. Its main objective is to make justification for the teaching of the subject-matter of HIV/AIDS as an emerging national problem in the school, and to provide some paradigm by which its learning content could be taught, using Social Studies as a carrier subject. The paper thus reviews policy provisions and philosophical background to Social Studies teaching, and provides some guidelines by which curriculum developers could design relevant contentvalid curricula; and also provides a possible guide to classroom teachers in planning and implementing teaching plans. It also suggests some ideas that are likely to guide and facilitate the development of textbooks that may integrate the learning content of HIV/AIDS within the Social Studies curriculum.
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Burn injuries in a young nigerian teaching hospital. - Olaitan, Peter B; Fadiora, S O; Agodirin, Olaide (PubMed, 2007)
A total of 36 patients were seen and managed at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, over a period of five years (2000 to 2004). There were 28 males and 8 females (male to female ratio, 3.5:1). The ages ranged from 1 to 46 yr (mean, 14.5 yr). The burn surface area percentage ranged between 2.5 and 70% (mean, 22.9%). Flame constituted the commonest source of injury (66.7%). Other agents were scalding (9 patients = 25%) and electrical burns (3 patients = 8.3%). The sources of flame burns were kerosene lantern/stove explosion (7 patients = 29.2%); petrol explosion (7 patients = 29.2%); road accidents followed by an explosion (3 patients = 12.5%); one case each (4.2%%) involving ethanol explosion, gun powder explosion, firewood, a lighted candle that ignited furniture and then a whole house; and other unexplained sources (3 patients = 12.5%). Mortality in this study was 7 cases (19.4%). Death was due to acute respiratory distress syndrome in one patient, sepsis in five, and tetanus infection in one. We conclude that most of the injuries were preventable. Education regarding refuelling a lighted lantern/stove, discouraging the storing of petrol in the house, and driving with care will reduce the number of accidents and subsequent possible burn injuries. Children should be monitored carefully to prevent scalding from hot water and food.
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The effect of health care worker training on the use of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy in rural western Kenya - Ouma, Peter; Eijk, Anna Maria van; Hamel, Mary J.; Sikuku, Evallyne S; Odhiambo, Frank; Munguti, Kaendi; Ayisi, John; Kager, Piet A.; Slutsker, Laurence (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2007)
In 1998, Kenya adopted intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for malaria prevention during pregnancy. We conducted a survey in 2002 among women who had recently delivered in the rural neighbouring areas Asembo and Gem and reported coverage of 19% of at least one dose and 7% of two or more doses of SP. Health care workers (HCW) in Asembo were retrained on IPTp in 2003.To evaluate if IPTp coverage increased and if the training in Asembo led to better coverage than in Gem, and to identify barriers to the effective implementation of IPTp.Community-based cross-sectional survey among a simple random sample of women who had recently delivered in April 2005, interviews with HCW of antenatal clinics (ANC) in Asembo and Gem.Of the 724 women interviewed, 626 (86.5%) attended the ANC once and 516 (71.3%) attended two or more times. Overall IPTp coverage was 41% for at least one dose, and 21% for at least two doses of SP. In Asembo, coverage increased from 19% in 2002 to 61% in 2005 for at least one dose and from 7% to 17% for two doses of SP. In Gem, coverage increased from 17% to 28% and 7% to 11%, respectively. Interviews of HCW in both Asembo and Gem revealed confusion about appropriate timing, and lack of direct observation of IPTp.Training of HCW and use of simplified IPTp messages may be a key strategy in achieving Roll Back Malaria targets for malaria prevention in pregnancy in Kenya.
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Impairment of the antifibrotic effect of hepatocyte growth factor in lung fibroblasts from African Americans: Possible role in systemic sclerosis - Bogatkevich, Galina S.; Ludwicka-Bradley, Anna; Highland, Kristin B.; Hant, Faye N.; Nietert, Paul J.; Singleton, C. Beth; Feghali‐Bostwick, Carol; Silver, Richard M. (Arthritis and rheumatism, 2007)
To compare the composition of cytokines in African American and Caucasian patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) and in healthy individuals, particularly the expression and function of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples were analyzed using cytokine array techniques. HGF in plasma and cell culture medium samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), type I collagen expression, and c-Met receptor phosphorylation were studied by immunoblotting.Overall greater expression of cytokines in BAL fluid from African American patients as compared with Caucasian patients was observed. Significant increases in HGF concentrations were detected in BAL fluid, plasma, and fibroblast culture medium from Caucasian SSc patients. In contrast, African American SSc patients did not demonstrate an increase in HGF. Recombinant HGF readily abolished CTGF expression and collagen accumulation in lung fibroblasts isolated from Caucasian SSc patients. Pretreatment of lung fibroblasts with neutralizing anti-c-Met antibody abolished the effects of HGF on CTGF expression and collagen accumulation, suggesting that the antifibrotic activity of HGF is mediated via c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Whereas recombinant HGF rapidly induced c-Met receptor phosphorylation in lung fibroblasts from Caucasian patients, c-Met receptor phosphorylation was significantly reduced in lung fibroblasts from African American subjects. Moreover, recombinant HGF failed to prevent CTGF expression and collagen accumulation in lung fibroblasts derived from African American subjects.Ethnic differences exist in terms of antifibrotic HGF expression in lung fibroblasts derived from Caucasian and African American subjects. Reduced levels of HGF as well as a deficiency in c-Met receptor function appear to be present in African American patients with SSc. These findings may explain in part the greater disease severity and worse prognosis observed in African Americans with SSc.
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Exploring African Life and Literature : Novel Guides to Promote Socially Responsive Learning - Glasgow, Jacqueline N.; Rice, Linda J. (2007)
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Relation between education, cognitive abilities and wages in the informal sector in Greater Khartoum (Sudan) - Salih, Mohamed (2007)
Many studies have focused on the effect of education and economic growth on wages in the developed and developing economics countries. This thesis examined the effect of education and cognitive ability on the wages of educated people living in Khartoum-Sudan and working in the informal sector. The research showed a correlation between education and wages in the informal sector in Khartoum (p= 0.012). Indeed other detectable and undetectable factors, e.g. country economic growth, social norms and corruption, do affect the relation between education and wages.
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Evaluation of a learner-designed course for teaching health research skills in Ghana - Bates, Imelda; Ansong, Daniel; Bedu-Addo, George; Agbenyega, Tsiri; Akoto, Alex Yaw Osei; Nsiah-Asare, Anthony; Karikari, Patrick (BMC Medical Education, 2007)
In developing countries the ability to conduct locally-relevant health research and high quality education are key tools in the fight against poverty. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel UK accredited, learner-designed research skills course delivered in a teaching hospital in Ghana.Study participants were 15 mixed speciality health professionals from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Effectiveness measures included process, content and outcome indicators to evaluate changes in learners' confidence and competence in research, and assessment of the impact of the course on changing research-related thinking and behaviour. Results were verified using two independent methods.14/15 learners gained research competence assessed against UK Quality Assurance Agency criteria. After the course there was a 36% increase in the groups' positive responses to statements concerning confidence in research-related attitudes, intentions and actions. The greatest improvement (45% increase) was in learners' actions, which focused on strengthening institutional research capacity. 79% of paired before/after responses indicated positive changes in individual learners' research-related attitudes (n = 53), 81% in intention (n = 52) and 85% in action (n = 52). The course had increased learners' confidence to start and manage research, and enhanced life-long skills such as reflective practice and self-confidence. Doing their own research within the work environment, reflecting on personal research experiences and utilising peer support and pooled knowledge were critical elements that promoted learning.Learners in Ghana were able to design and undertake a novel course that developed individual and institutional research capacity and met international standards. Learning by doing and a supportive peer community at work were critical elements in promoting learning in this environment where tutors were scarce. Our study provides a model for delivering and evaluating innovative educational interventions in developing countries to assess whether they meet external quality criteria and achieve their objectives.
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Air pollution as a determinant of asthma among schoolchildren in Mohammedia, Morocco - Houssaini, Ahmed S. Squalli; Messaouri, Hafida; Nasri, Isaad; Roth, Marie Paule; Nejjari, Chakib; Benchekroun, Mohammed Nabil (International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2007)
Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate whether air quality in western Morocco is truly a significant risk factor in the development and exacerbation of respiratory diseases and, in particular, asthma. The continuous measurement of the mean concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air and the density of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) for a period of four years was determined. Information on individual characteristics and indoor environments from 1318 children with an average age of 12 years was evaluated by questionnaire, completed by parents (assisted by professional investigators) and symptoms/diseases were medically diagnosed and reported. We have used the Student's t-test, Chi-square tests & odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) for estimates of the risk of asthma. The prevalence of asthma varies in a significant way according to the zone (χ2 = 14.61, p < 0.05). Respiratory diseases (OR 6.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.09 – 9.64, p < 0.0001), strongly polluted zone (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.71 – 7.81, p ≤ 0.0001) and infectious diseases (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.99 – 5.47, p < 0.0001) are high risk factors for asthma. Air pollution is a determinant factor but is not the only factor increasing the risk of asthma in children; other factors such as respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, genetic and passive smoking present a high-risk threat.
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Learning Objects: a New Paradigm for E-Learning Resource Development for Secondary Schools in Tanzania - Lujara, Suzan; Kissaka, M. M.; Bhalalusesa, Eustella; Trojer, Lena (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2007)
The Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), and the Wide World Web (WWW) have fundamentally altered the practice of teaching and learning world wide. Many universities, organizations, colleges and schools are trying to apply the benefits of the emerging ICT. In the early nineties the term learning object was introduced into the instructional technology vernacular; the idea being that educational resources could be broken into modular components for later combination by instructors, learners, and eventually computes into larger structures that would support learning (1). However in many developing countries, the use of ICT is still in its infancy stage and the concept of learning object is quite new. This paper outlines the learning object design considerations for developing countries depending on learning environment.
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Boarding Schools and Capital Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Student Experience in North American and South African Schools - Bass, Lisa (2007)
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Culture and dental health among African immigrant school‐aged children in the United States - Obeng, Cecilia S. (Health education, 2007)
Purpose The paper examines African immigrant parents' views on dental decay and whether such views affect their decision to obtain dental insurance for their children. The paper also examines the cultural underpinnings of the immigrants' oral health care practices. Design/methodology/approach The data for the study were collected in the states of Indiana and Virginia. The data were collected in 2005 by the author and a research assistant. A total of 420 parents (220 males and 200 females) took part in the research, answering questions about 601 children. Findings The results indicate that a sizeable number of African immigrant school‐aged children are denied dental health due to a combination of cultural perceptions on dental health (such as families taking responsibility for cleaning their teeth themselves), parental ignorance on dental health, parents' perception of dental health practice in the USA, and the parents' weak financial standing. Originality/value The study is of considerable importance to dental care providers, public health specialists, social workers, and more especially the school systems that have African immigrant children, because as people who provide information and guidance to such immigrants, knowing about how the immigrants' cultural backgrounds influence their decisions about dental care will help to serve the immigrants more effectively.
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Are Secondary Schools in Botswana Conducive Environments for ICT-supported Teacher Professional Development - Boitshwarelo, Bopelo (EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 2007)
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The association between refractive cutoffs for spectacle provision and visual improvement among school-aged children in South Africa - Congdon, Nathan; Patel, Nita; Esteso, Paul; Chikwembani, Florence; Webber, Fiona; Msithini, Robert Bongi; Ratcliffe, Amy (British journal of ophthalmology, 2007)
Objectives: To evaluate different refractive cutoffs for spectacle provision with regards to their impact on visual improvement and spectacle compliance. Design: Prospective study of visual improvement and spectacle compliance. Participants: South African school children aged 6–19 years receiving free spectacles in a programme supported by Helen Keller International. Methods: Refractive error, age, gender, urban versus rural residence, presenting and best-corrected vision were recorded for participants. Spectacle wear was observed directly at an unannounced follow-up examination 4–11 months after initial provision of spectacles. The association between five proposed refractive cutoff protocols and visual improvement and spectacle compliance were examined in separate multivariate models. Main outcomes: Refractive cutoffs for spectacle distribution which would effectively identify children with improved vision, and those more likely to comply with spectacle wear. Results: Among 8520 children screened, 810 (9.5%) received spectacles, of whom 636 (79%) were aged 10–14 years, 530 (65%) were girls, 324 (40%) had vision improvement ⩾3 lines, and 483 (60%) were examined 6.4±1.5 (range 4.6 to 10.9) months after spectacle dispensing. Among examined children, 149 (31%) were wearing or carrying their glasses. Children meeting cutoffs ⩽−0.75D of myopia, ⩾+1.00 D of hyperopia and ⩾+0.75 D of astigmatism had significantly greater improvement in vision than children failing to meet these criteria, when adjusting for age, gender and urban versus rural residence. None of the proposed refractive protocols discriminated between children wearing and not wearing spectacles. Presenting vision and improvement in vision were unassociated with subsequent spectacle wear, but girls (p⩽0.0006 for all models) were more likely to be wearing glasses than were boys. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first suggested refractive cutoff for glasses dispensing validated with respect to key programme outcomes. The lack of association between spectacle retention and either refractive error or vision may have been due to the relatively modest degree of refractive error in this African population.
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Learning styles and personality types of computer science students at a South African university - Galpin, Vashti; Sanders, Ian; Chen, Peiyu (2007)
This research investigates the learning styles and personality types of Computer Science students at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, respectively. Students were found to be predominantly abstract intheir learning, and they did not show strong preferences on the reflective/active dimension hence they had either a Converger or Assimilator learning style which is consistent with prior research. Across the three years of undergraduate study, learning styles became more balanced in terms of the reflective/activedimension. Students were predominantly ISTJ, ISFJ, ESTJ or ESFJ in their personality types showing a strong presence of the SJ temperament which is associated with organisation, planning and decision-making. This result is less consistent with prior research. There were no significant differences over the three years in personality type.
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Learning styles and personality types of computer science students at a South African university - Galpin, Vashti; Sanders, Ian; Chen, Peiyu (SIGCSE bulletin, 2007)
This research investigates the learning styles and personality types of Computer Science students at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, respectively. Students were found to be predominantly abstract intheir learning, and they did not show strong preferences on the reflective/active dimension hence they had either a Converger or Assimilator learning style which is consistent with prior research. Across the three years of undergraduate study, learning styles became more balanced in terms of the reflective/activedimension. Students were predominantly ISTJ, ISFJ, ESTJ or ESFJ in their personality types showing a strong presence of the SJ temperament which is associated with organisation, planning and decision-making. This result is less consistent with prior research. There were no significant differences over the three years in personality type.
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Use of storm water infiltration and storage techniques : Bonaero Park, South Africa - Gilau, R. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007)
openalex: W4297593197
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Challenges with respect to the e-readiness of secondary school teachers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa - Govender, Desmond Wesley; Maharaj, Manoj (2007)
In this study the authors investigate the challenges facing the provincial department of education with respect to the e-Readiness of secondary school teachers in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study is based on a sample of the secondary schools in the Ethekwini Municipality. The results indicate that any ICT interventions by the provincial Department of Education are bound to fail unless other non-technological interventions are put into place first. We show that where the ICT interventions are needed the most, the teachers are least prepared to receive it. Thus we conclude that instead of making short-term political decisions, the Department must first embark on a medium to long term plan to first make the environment amenable for an ICT intervention. These would include large-scale school upgrading, teacher training and retention plans to keep experienced and qualified teachers within the schooling system.
openalex: W2051602576 mag: 2051602576
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Challenges with respect to the e-readiness of secondary school teachers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa - Govender, Desmond Wesley; Maharaj, Manoj (SIGCSE bulletin, 2007)
In this study the authors investigate the challenges facing the provincial department of education with respect to the e-Readiness of secondary school teachers in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study is based on a sample of the secondary schools in the Ethekwini Municipality. The results indicate that any ICT interventions by the provincial Department of Education are bound to fail unless other non-technological interventions are put into place first. We show that where the ICT interventions are needed the most, the teachers are least prepared to receive it. Thus we conclude that instead of making short-term political decisions, the Department must first embark on a medium to long term plan to first make the environment amenable for an ICT intervention. These would include large-scale school upgrading, teacher training and retention plans to keep experienced and qualified teachers within the schooling system.
openalex: W4240167655
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Pattern of eye diseases and visual impairment among students in southwestern Nigeria - Ajaiyeoba, AI; Isawumi, Michaeline A; Adeoye, AO; Oluleye, Tunji S (International Ophthalmology, 2007)
openalex: W2078798751 mag: 2078798751
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Ethics, Identity and Organizational Learning –Challenges for South African Managers - Lazenby, Jacobus A. A. (Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2007)
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The Impact of Motivation on Student’s Academic Achievement and Learning Outcomes in Mathematics among Secondary School Students in Nigeria - Tella, Adeyinka (Eurasia journal of mathematics, science and technology education, 2007)
In our match towards scientific and technological advancement, we need nothing short of good performance in mathematics at all levels of schooling. In an effort to achieve this, this study investigated the impact of motivation on students’ school academic achievement in mathematics in secondary schools using motivation for academic preference scale (α = 0.82) as a measuring instrument and achievement test in mathematics (ATM) Two hypotheses were tested for significant at 0.05 margin of error using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) Results showed that gender difference were significant when impact of motivation on academic achievement was compared in male and female students. Also other result indicates significant difference when extent of motivation was taken as variable of interest on academic achievement in mathematics based on the degree of their motivation. Implications, suggestions and recommendations on students, parents, government, counsellors, educational stakeholders, etc were discussed.
openalex: W2182364141 mag: 2182364141
Keywords: openalex:import

From Opposition to Engagement: Lessons from High Achieving African American Students - Wiggan, Greg (The Urban Review, 2007)
openalex: W2012751188 mag: 2012751188
Keywords: openalex:import

Strategies for Developing e-LMS for Tanzania Secondary Schools - Kalinga, Ellen; Burchard, R. B. Bagile; Trojer, Lena (Journal of information and communication convergence engineering, 2007)
Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated, hence face a number of problems in getting learning materials resulting in poor performance in National examinations. E-learning as defined to be the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system. There has been effort to improve secondary school education using ICT through several projects. ICT for e-learning to Tanzania rural secondary school is one of the research projects conceived by the University of Dar-es-Salaam through its College of Engineering and Technology. The main objective of the project is to develop a tool to enable ICT support rural secondary school. The project is comprehensive with a number of components, one being development of e-learning management system (e-LMS) for Tanzania secondary schools. This paper presents strategies of developing e-LMS. It shows the importance of integrating action research methodology with the modeling methods as presented by model driven architecture (MDA) and the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the issue of modeling. The benefit of MDA will go along with the development based on software development life cycle (SDLC) process, from analysis and requirement phase through design and implementation stages as employed by object oriented system analysis and design approach. The paper also explains the employment of open source code reuse from open source learning platforms for the context sensitive development of the e-LMS for Tanzania secondary schools.
openalex: W1566327799 mag: 1566327799
Keywords: openalex:import

Audit of open breast biopsies in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Adisa, AC (Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007)
11091 Background: Open biopsy is an accurate method for diagnosis of breast tumors especially where facilities for needle biopsies like tru cut needle biopsy or aspiration cytology method are not readily available. We report a 10-year retrospective study of the clinical and pathological characteristics of excised breast masses in our centre. Methods: Clinical records and pathological results of all breast biopsies of consecutive patients referred to the Breast Clinic of the Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria were studied from January 1994 to December 2003. We present the outcome of the histology reports from breast biopsy for a period of 10 years (1994- 2003) in Abia State University Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 421 patients had open biopsies for breast masses. The age ranged from 12 years to 80 years with the median age of 34 years. The commonest symptom was painless breast lump in 90% of patients; breast pain was present in less than 5% of cases. Malignancies were discovered in 24% of the cases and the predominant histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS) which was found in 78% of cases, lobular carcinoma was found in 2% of cases. 79% of the breast cancers occur in pre menopausal women and the majorities (85%) were late stages. 79% of the patients with cancer of the breast were 50 years old or younger and the youngest patient was 14 years. The benign lesions in order of frequency were fibroadenoma (45%), fibroadenosis (41%), granulomas (5%), breast cyst (3%), and galactocele (2%).Other less common pathologies include lipoma, chronic abscesses and parasitic cysts. Conclusions: Majority of breast masses in Nigerian women are benign. The preponderance of late staged tumors and pre menopausal patients call for early detection, public awareness and improved screening methods No significant financial relationships to disclose.
openalex: W2244641500 mag: 2244641500
Keywords: openalex:import

Audit of excisional breast biopsies in a Nigeria teaching hospital - Adisa, Charles (Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007)
1553 Background: Excision biopsy is an accurate method for diagnosis of breast tumors especially where facilities for needle biopsies like tru cut needle biopsy or aspiration cytology method are not readily available. We report a 10-year prospective study of the clinical and pathological characteristics of excised breast masses in our centre. Methods: Clinical records and pathological results of all excised breast masses of consecutive patients referred to the Breast Clinic of the Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria were studied from January 1994 to December 2003. We present the outcome of the histology reports from breast biopsy for a period of 10 years (1994–2003) in Abia State University Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 421 patients had breast masses excised. The age ranged from 12 years to 80 years. 79% of the patients with cancer of the breast were 50 years old or younger and the youngest patient was 14 years. Malignancies were discovered in 24% of the cases and the predominant histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS). 79% of the breast cancers occur in pre menopausal women and the majorities (85%) were late stages. Conclusions: Majority of breast masses in Nigerian women are benign. The preponderance of late staged tumors and pre menopausal patients call for early detection, public awareness and improved screening methods. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
openalex: W3009906745 mag: 3009906745
Keywords: openalex:import

Balancing Economic and other Discourses in the Internationalization of Higher Education in South Africa - Dunn, Mel; Nilan, Pam (International Review of Education, 2007)
openalex: W1976615346 mag: 1976615346
Keywords: openalex:import

The implementation of developmental appraisal systems in a low-functioning South African school - Gallie, Muavia (2007)
openalex: W3918711 mag: 3918711
Keywords: openalex:import

Building Trust Through Culturally Reciprocal Home-School-Community Collaboration from the Perspective of African-American Parents - Williams, Ereka R.; Baber, Ceola Ross (Multicultural Perspectives, 2007)
This article presents findings of an instrumental case study that examined the perceptions held by African-American parents on the efficacy of schools in meeting the needs of African-American learners in a North Carolina community. A theme of distrust emerged and evidenced the need for teachers, administrators, and teacher educators to reconsider approaches used with African-American parents, particularly where building culturally reciprocal home-school-community relationships is concerned.
openalex: W2061317716 mag: 2061317716
Keywords: openalex:import

The Planning of Continuity of Technological Education in West Africa Using Critical Path Method: Nigeria and Ghana as Case Studies - Adejuyigbe, Samuel B. (2007)
openalex: W4247950297
Keywords: openalex:import

Integrating Mobile Learning into Nomadic Education Programme in Nigeria: Issues and perspectives - Aderinoye, Rashid; Ojokheta, K. O.; Olojede, Adeshina Abideen (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2007)
The establishment of the National Commission for Nomadic Education (NCNE) in Nigeria in 1989 created a wider opportunity for the estimated population of 9.3 million nomads in Nigeria to acquire literacy skills. The coming of the Commission arose due to the massive illiteracy figure of the pastoral nomads and migrant fishermen put at 0.02% and 2.0% (Federal Ministry of Education, 2003; UNESCO, 1998) respectively. To improve the literacy rate of the nomads, the NCNE employed various approaches such as on-site schools, the shift system, schools with alternative intake and Islamiyya schools to provide literacy education to the nomads. However, a critical appraisal of these approaches by the Commission shows that very few of the schools were viable. This portrays the fact that these approaches have not actually helped to improve the literacy rate among nomads in Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need for alternative approach to be adopted. With the revolutionary trend of ICT in Nigeria, there is the need to bring in mobile learning through the use of mobile technologies ( such as handset, simple text message etc. which is predominantly in many parts of Nigeria) to enhance the literacy learning process in the Nomadic Education Programme of Nigeria. This paper, therefore, explores the need and advantages of integrating mobile learning into Nomadic Education programme in Nigeria so as to ensure a successful implementation and achievement of the goals of the programme.
openalex: W2130804440 mag: 2130804440
Keywords: openalex:import

Working in High School and Adaptation in the Transition to Young Adulthood among African American Youth - Bauermeister, José A.; Zimmerman, Marc A.; Barnett, Tracey E.; Caldwell, Cleopatra Howard (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2007)
openalex: W2053680386 mag: 2053680386
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Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate and Chloride Status of Staple Food Crops, Soils and Water as Indicator of Environmental Base Anion Pollution Load in Ebonyi State, Nigeria - ., C.O. Edeogu (Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007)
openalex: W2329919773 mag: 2329919773
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Learning to Export: Evidence from Moroccan Manufacturing - Fafchamps, Marcel; Hamine, Said El; Zeufack, Albert (Journal of African Economies, 2007)
This paper tests two alternative models of selection into export: lower costs and better market familiarity. Both are potentially subject to learning-by-doing, but differ in the type of experience required. Learning to produce at lower cost – what we call productivity learning – depends on general experience, while learning to design products that appeal to foreign consumers – market learning – depends on export experience. Using panel and cross-section data on Moroccan manufacturers, we uncover evidence of market learning but little is evidence that productivity learning is what enables firms to export. These findings are consistent with the concentration of Moroccan manufacturing exports in consumer items, i.e., the garment, textile, and leather sectors. It is the young firms that export. Most do so immediately after creation. We also find that, among exporters, new products are exported very rapidly after production has begun. The share of exported output nevertheless increases for 2–3 years after a new product is introduced, which is indicative of some learning. Old firms are unlikely to switch to exports, even in response to changes in macro incentives.
openalex: W3124479476 mag: 3124479476
Keywords: openalex:import

State Construction and National Education Policy in Congo from 1911 to 1997: Contributing to Policy Analysis in Sub-Saharan Africa - Kiamba, Claude-Ernest (2007)
openalex: W4392276024
Keywords: openalex:import

Internal efficiency under the universal primary education policy in rural Uganda - Nishimura, Mikiko; Yamano, Takashi; Sasaoka, Yuichi (2007)
openalex: W589568113 mag: 589568113
Keywords: openalex:import

Training Health Professionals for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis - Omigbodun, Olayinka; Bella, Tolulope; Dogra, Nisha; Simoyan, Olapeju M. (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2007)
There is no organised training and service for CAMH in Nigeria. A 3‐day course in child mental health aimed at multidisciplinary health professionals was developed and evaluated to inform future training. Developing the course involved multi‐professional consultation. Course evaluation involved the completion of questionnaires by delegates (present from 5 of the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria) before and after the training. Training needs expressed include skills to manage CAMH problems in their own context, greater understanding of normal child development and strategies to train others. Most participants reported that their expectations were met and would affect their practice especially with regard to collaboration.
openalex: W2080754774 mag: 2080754774
Keywords: openalex:import

Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Malnourished Pre-School Age Children in Jos, North Central Nigeria - Ugwuja, Emmanuel Ike; Nwosu, K. O.; Ugwu, N. C.; Okonji, M (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2007)
Serum zinc and copper were determined in thirty (30) malnourished pre-school-age children (age, 0-60 months) and thirty (30) age-and sex-matched apparently healthy well nourished controls to evaluate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on serum zinc and copper. Mean serum zinc and copper were significantly reduced (p 0.05) among kwashiorkor and marasmus, serum albumin was significantly lower (p 0.05). This study shows that malnourished children have deficient serum zinc and copper with anaemia and leucopenia. For effective management of protein-energy malnutrition, zinc and copper supplementation should be part of treatment regimen, however, in order to prevent zinc and copper deficiency and its health implications in pre-school age children, food fortification should be promoted.
openalex: W2063131554 mag: 2063131554
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The value of indigenous knowledge in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the African Sahel - Nyong, Anthony; Adesina, F. A.; Elasha, Balgis Osman (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2007)
openalex: W2079356622 mag: 2079356622
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The value of indigenous knowledge in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the African Sahel - Nyong, Anthony; Adesina, F. A.; Elasha, Balgis Osman (Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2007)
openalex: W2079356622 mag: 2079356622
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Plating of Femoral Shaft Fractures: the Experience in an African Teaching Hospital - Ogunlade, SO; Alonge, T O; Omololu, B; Ifesanya, AO; Nottidge, Timothy; Diete-Spiff, Theophilus (European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2007)
openalex: W1997471592 mag: 1997471592
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New Liberian President Seeks to Rehabilitate Country's Education System: Finding Teachers Still Country's Main Hurdle. - Powell, T. G. E. (Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, 2007)
openalex: W124786673 mag: 124786673
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The Internet as a Tool for Interactive Learning, Teaching and Research: Nigerian Experience - Kamba, Manir Abdullahi (International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (ijet), 2007)
The paper examines the usefulness of the Internet as a tool for interactive learning, teaching and research in Nigeria. It further exhibited the impact of the Internet in advancing research, teaching and learning abilities and techniques of the researchers, teachers and students respectively. Survey research method was employed. Questionnaire was the main instrument utilized for data collection. The findings of the study exhibits that a number of teachers and students are aware of the benefit of the Internet as a tool for interactive learning, teaching and research; the study shows that the respondents lacked access in their schools and colleges. Only 40% of the respondents make use of the Internet for Interactive learning. In addition to this 50% of the teachers only use it for interactive research. None of the teachers used it for interactive teaching.
openalex: W1932481282 mag: 1932481282
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An examination of the career development of predominantly African-American male inner-city high school student-athletes - Cammack, Amy Sherell (2007)
openalex: W2289040539 mag: 2289040539
Keywords: openalex:import

Health status of school children during questionnaire survey in Ogun State, Nigeria - Ekpo, Uwem Friday; Mafiana, C. F.; Akintola, Olagoke; Ogunsan, O (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
Insufficient attention has been paid to the health problems of school-age children in Nigeria due to the absence of baseline data on the health status of this group. This paper presents results of analysis of how school children perceive their own health from questionnaire survey originally designed to identify schools in which urinary schistosomiasis occurs by masking it with other health problems. School-based questionnaire asking about recent health problems was administered by teachers to school children in 101 public primary schools in Ogun State. A total of 8,422 children aged 5 to 16 years took part in this study. Of this, 90.8 % of children reported having had one health problem in the last 4 weeks. Of the 8 health problems asked, the average number reported by each child was 3.27. The distributions of the prevalence of each condition among schools were similar. For most conditions a greater percentage of boys than girls reported each health problem. This study concluded that school children in Ogun State do not perceive themselves to be healthy and suggest the use of school health questionnaire to assess and identify common health problems in school children. Keywords: School-age children, common health problems, questionnaire, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 27 2006: pp. 81-84
openalex: W2078310109 mag: 2078310109
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections among children of Vunoklang Primary School in Moderei Ward of Girei Local Government of Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria - Pukuma, SM; Sale, Michèle M. (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
A study on the intestinal helminth infection was carried out among primary school pupils of Vunoklang. 250 stool sample were examined for infection. 114 (45.6%) were observed to be infected. Six parasite species were encountered namely hookworm, with a prevalence rate of 34.2%, Ascaris lumbricoides (22.8%), Strongyloides stecoralis (15.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.2%), Schistosoma mansoni (10.0%) and Taenia Spp (7.0%). Males were observed to be more infected than the females, though statistically not significant (p >0.05). Age of pupil was observed to have significant effect on infection, pupils between age group of 11-13 years (60.0%) were the most infected, while those above 14 years (31.3%) where the least infected (p < 0.05). Prevalence of infection in relation to parents' occupation was not significant, with children of farmers (53.2%) being the most infected and the least infected where children of civil servant 42.3% (p > 0.05). Keywords: gastrointestinal helminth, prevalence, school, Adamawa, Nigeria.Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 27 2006: pp. 73-75
openalex: W2065756518 mag: 2065756518
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Assessment of health knowledge and risk factors associated with intestinal helminths in tertiary schools in Abeokuta, Nigeria - Sam-Wabo, S O; Oyeyemi, O A; Idowu, O. A.; Afolarin, A (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
A study was carried out on 2,020 students (54% from University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (UNAAB) and 46% from Federal College of Education, FCE, Osiele; using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess comparative health knowledge, risk factors, attitude and practices associated with intestinal helminths. 59.5% (FCE Osiele) and 49% (UNAAB) reside in the school hostel. Of the 40.5% (FCE Osiele) and 51% (UNAAB) that stay off-campus, 17.2% and 15.7% reside in accommodation with toilet facility, while respondents without access to toilet facility defaecate in bushes. Most respondents (81.9% in FCE Osiele, and 79.5% in UNAAB), use water for anal cleaning. 65% and 59.6% in FCE Osiele and UNAAB use water and soap to wash hands after defaecation. 35% and 37.2% respondents in FCE Osiele and UNAAB had passed out worms before, however, T-test paired analysis did not show any relationship between hand washing and the passage of worms (t = 6.895, p = 0.092). T-test analysis on causes of worm infection, revealed a significant relationship between knowledge on causes of worm infection and passage of worms (t = 243.0 and p = 0.03). 48.1% and 61% in FCE Osiele and UNAAB had received medical treatment for worm infection. 85.8% and 84% in FCE Osiele and UNAAB believed that persons can be reinfected after treatment. However, regular de-worming (43.3%) and maintenance of good hygiene habits (41.4%) are factors in prevention. Due to the possible disease conditions that may arise from drinking contaminated water, 43.4% respondents resort to drinking pure water in sachet regularly, 50.8% drink it irregularly while 5.8% drinks it at parties. 77.8% of respondents disposed off the empty sachets in the dustbins within the school environment, and 22.2% dispose off the sachets indiscriminately. Government, they believed can contribute greatly to good water and environmental sanitation life of its citizens through health education (46.6%), regular environmental sanitation practices (29.9%), and the provision of social amenities (23.6%) for the good of the people. Keywords:health knowledge, risk factors, intestinal helminths, Abeokuta. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology Vol. 27 2006: pp.76-80
openalex: W2001564372 mag: 2001564372
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Education in South Africa post-apartheid - Tarry, Estelle; Harber, Clive; Serf, Jeffrey M.; Gray, Diana L.; Fergus, P; Doyle, Julie; Newburn, Mary; Talty-Sanghera, M (2007)
openalex: W204812339 mag: 204812339
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Prevalence and intensity of malaria in blood donors at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria - Umeanaeto, PU; Ekejindu, Ifeoma Mercy; Ifeanyichukwu, MO (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2007)
The risk of transmission of malaria parasites through blood transfusion has been noted. A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of malaria on healthy blood donors who attended Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, from April to May 2002. Blood samples were collected from 200 blood donors, which comprises of 159 males and 41 females grouped according to age in years. Thick and thin films prepared from the samples were examined and malaria parasites were counted according to the World Health Organisation recommendation. The result shows an overall prevalence rate of 46% for malaria parasitaemia among the blood donors. Females showed a higher prevalence rate (48%) than males (45%). Only Plasmodium falciparum (43%) and Plasmodium malariae (3%) were seen. A higher parasite load of 24.8 x 103 parasites/microlitre of blood was observed among the males than the females with 4.9 x 103 parasites/microlitre of blood. The differences observed were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The age-group 20 years and below and the 51– 60 years had the highest prevalence rate of 50% while the 41-50 years age-group had the least (40%), a difference which is statistically significant (p
openalex: W2013198586 mag: 2013198586
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Semi-presidentialism in Niger: Gridlock and democratic breakdown – learning from past mistakes - Moestrup, Sophia (2007)
openalex: W3175734885 mag: 3175734885
Keywords: openalex:import

The Political Economy of Education in Kenya - Kremer, Michael (2007)
openalex: W4250865371
Keywords: openalex:import

Studying and parenting: Experiences of student mother in Ugandan universities - Najjuma, Susan; Kyarugahe, D T (Mtafiti mwafrika (Print), 2007)
In the past, University education in Uganda mainly catered for direct entrants from secondary schools. Today, there is a significant shift where by many mature students are entering Universities. These mature students include women who are parents as well. This trend has been influenced by the introduction of various programmes such as: distance learning, evening, and weekend programmes coupled with the growing number of private Universities that currently stand at more than 10 in number. For this study, which inquired about the experiences of student mothers in Ugandan Universities, data was collected from 53 respondents drawn from three universities, namely: Ndejje, Nkumba and Kyambogo. The following were found to be reasons that motivate mature to go back to study, which: promotion, status, protection of jobs, to match their highly educated husbands and their own career building. The challenges faced were categorized as follows: domestic challenges; challenges with spouses, challenges at the university and at places of work. These challenges thus call for varying copying strategies that student mothers have to employ in order to strike a balance between studying and parenting at the same time. The study recommends that universities needed to introduce courses tailored to student mothers with an increased time frame without compromising educational quality. In addition, student services that include guidance and counseling sessions and childcare centres at University premises to support mothers' education should be taken into account. Employers are also encouraged to introduce innovations in the way they relate with student mothers who may decide to go back to study, including reduced workload or study leave where necessary, without affecting the performance of the organization.Mtafiti Mwafrika Vol.17 2006: pp.1-22
openalex: W1963887208 mag: 1963887208
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Education Inputs in Uganda - Nannyonjo, Harriet (2007)
openalex: W4247014193
Keywords: openalex:import

Education Inputs in Uganda: An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learning Achievement in Grade Six - Nannyonjo, Harriet (2007)
This study on effective use of school inputs in Uganda is intended to contribute to the policy debate on how to make the best use of available resources to improve learning outcomes. It comes at an opportune time in Uganda when there are increasing demands on the education budget, yet it is unlikely that substantial increases in the sector budget envelope will be provided given other competing national priorities, as well as the need for additional resources to finance post primary education and training. This report emphasizes: the need for a balanced focus on resource availability and use, because without appropriate use or management, resources may not lead to improved learning; helping teachers to effectively teach large classes; and the importance of investing more in in-service training focused on pedagogical practices than on training teachers to acquire academic qualifications. The study also points to the need to examine and include teacher effectiveness as key criteria for determining teacher remuneration. With regard to automatic promotion, this study, and indeed the general literature suggest that repetition tends not to work within the same context and the same teaching styles. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the need to focus on school and classroom processes and better use of education resources focused on improvement of learning.
openalex: W1752745412 mag: 1752745412
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and tick-host relationships in Africa - Olwoch, Jane Mukarugwiza (2007)
openalex: W294476507 mag: 294476507
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern of acute abdomen in adult patients in Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Kotiso, Berhanu; Abdurahman, Zeki (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2007)
Back ground: Surgical acute abdomen is one of the commonly encountered emergency in the practice of General surgery but there is no much study regarding the magnitude and its pattern in Ethiopia at large and in Tikur Anbessa Hospital (TAH) in particular. This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude, pattern and outcome of surgical treatment of acute abdomen in TAH Methods: This was a one-year retrospective study conducted on adult patients admitted in Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa Ethiopia with acute abdomen. Results: During the study period there were 587 adult surgical emergency operations of which 214 (36.4%) were laparotomies for acute abdomen. A total of 276 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of acute abdomen of whom the records of 235 patients were retrieved which made the basis of this study. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The ages ranged from 14 years to 84 with a mean of 30.7±14.9. Acute appendicitis accounting for 52% of cases was the leading cause of acute abdomen followed by intestinal obstruction (26%) and perforated Peptic ulcer disease (PPUD) (9%). There were 36 deaths giving an overall mortality rate of 15.3%. A higher mortality rate was observed in patients who presented late. Conclusion: Acute abdomen deserving emergency laparotomy is quite common in TAH. Earlier reports from Africa had shown intestinal obstruction as a leading cause. In this study acute appendicitis was found to have taken over at least in the urban setting of Ethiopia. The overall mortality of 15.3% is high and could be attributed to late presentation.
openalex: W2497086722 mag: 2497086722
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Magma Genesis and Mantle Dynamics at the Harrat Ash Shamah Volcanic Field (Southern Syria) - Krienitz, Marc-Sebastian; Haase, Karsten M.; Mezger, Klaus; Shaikh-Mashail, M. A. (Journal of Petrology, 2007)
A geochemical and petrological study of Miocene to recent alkali basalts, basanites, hawaiites, mugearites, trachytes, and phonolites erupted within the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field was performed to reconstruct the magmatic evolution of southern Syria. The major element composition of the investigated lavas is mainly controlled by fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, ± Fe–Ti oxides and ± apatite; feldspar fractionation is restricted to the most evolved lavas. Na2O and SiO2 variations within uncontaminated, primitive lavas as well as variably fractionated heavy rare earth element ratios suggest a formation by variable degrees of partial melting of different garnet peridotite sources triggered, probably, by changes in mantle temperature. The isotopic range as well as the variable trace element enrichment observed in the lavas imply derivation from both a volatile- and incompatible element-enriched asthenosphere and from a plume component. In addition, some lavas have been affected by crustal contamination. This effect is most prominent in evolved lavas older than 3·5 Ma, which assimilated 30–40% of crustal material. In general, the periodicity of volcanism in conjunction with temporal changes in lava composition and melting regime suggest that the Syrian volcanism was triggered by a pulsing mantle plume located underneath northwestern Arabia.
openalex: W2161606869 mag: 2161606869
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges in the Management of Omphalocele at University Teaching Hospital, Zambia - Munkonge, L (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2007)
openalex: W2979281648 mag: 2979281648
Keywords: openalex:import

The common and contested meanings of education districts in South Africa - Narsee, Hersheela (2007)
openalex: W163068522 mag: 163068522
Keywords: openalex:import

Social Justice, Policy and Parents’ Understanding of their Voice in School Governing Bodies in South Africa - Mncube, Vusi (Journal of Educational Administration and History, 2007)
Despite the powers that parents are endowed with regarding governance of schools in South Africa, they are not yet given sufficient room and space to deliberate on issues of school governance; instead they are still excluded by some teaching staff who deny them (explicitly or implicitly) from taking part in crucial decisions affecting education of their children. There are still issues excluding parents from participation in school governing bodies, namely: the lack of clear demarcation between the roles of the teaching staff and those of the school governing body (SGB), lack of time, lack of confidence from some parents, transport problems which result in non‐attendance of SGB meetings by some parents, poor communication of information, lack of training which results in lack of knowledge of the Act and roles and responsibilities, the language barrier, and the high turnover rate of governors as parents have to leave the SGB as soon as his/her child leaves the school. The findings of this research partly concur with Karlsson, who also found that SGBs perpetuate rather than prevent the apartheid‐era inequalities of race, gender and social class. Despite these discrepancies, the study found that SGBs operate according to the general intentions of the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 and also help spread democracy in the school and to the wider society of South Africa.
openalex: W2013205419 mag: 2013205419
Keywords: openalex:import

Veterinary education in South Africa : the Classes of 1932 & 1933 : short historical communication - Bigalke, R.D. (Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2007)
The Class of 1933 of the Onderstepoort Faculty was the smallest in its history, having only 1 student for much of the BVSc course. The photographs of the Classes of 1932 and 1933 are both of the customary composite type. Not only the graduates, but also the Dean, Prof. Dr P J du Toit, as well as the presumed Acting Dean, Prof. Dr G de Kock, and the head of the students' hostel, Mr W O Neitz, feature. Concise descriptions are given of the life histories of the 7 graduates. Once again their careers show considerable variation. Although they all initially joined Field Services as state veterinarians, none spent their entire careers in that division. Three spent virtually their entire careers at Onderstepoort, also teaching (part-time) at the Faculty. After a most impressive start to his career, a 4th graduate died at the age of only 30 shortly after leaving Onderstepoort for municipal (public health) service. A 5th spent most of his career in private practice while also serving the veterinary profession for 8 years in the high office of president of its association. One spent the greater part of his career in municipal (public health) service and another went into private practice, eventually also farming with citrus.
openalex: W4212915446
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Leisure time activities and obesity in school-aged inner city African American and Hispanic children. - Brandes, Anne Hall (PubMed, 2007)
This descriptive-correlational study investigated three research questions: (a) What are the leisure time activities (LTA) of school-aged African American and Hispanic boys and girls?, (b) What are their body mass index (BMI) distributions?, and (c) What relationships exist between total activity scores of LTA and BMI in the total sample of children, and for boys and girls analyzed separately? The convenience sample consisted of 78 children, aged 9 to 14, who were in the fifth to seventh grades of two elementary schools. Children responded to a modified version of the Know Your Body Health Habits Survey to assess LTA; BMI was calculated based on child height and weight. Results indicated that the LTAs of this group of African American and Hispanic children and their distribution of BMIs were similar to those of White children, and that no appreciable relationships existed between LTAs and BMI in the sample as a whole or boys and girls analyzed separately.
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Parenting, Social-Emotional Development, and School Achievement of African American Youngsters - Taylor, Ronald D. (2007)
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Improving the Schooling Experiences of African American Students - Thompson, Gail L. (2007)
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Schooling in the Context of Difference: The Challenge of Post-Colonial Education in Ghana - Dei, George J. Sefa; Opini, Bathseba (2007)
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Assessing Students in Addis Ababa University: Indian and Ethiopian Faculty Members’ Perceptions and Reflections - Raju, P. Mohan (2007)
Professors can play an important role in the lives of students in higher education. Generally speaking, training students in higher level cognitive skills is the focus and purpose of higher education, and the assessment of students with appropriate tools is as important as imparting instruction and developing capabilities. In the context of massification of higher education in the country, on 3 issues related to assessment of students in Addis Ababa University (AAU), the views of faculty members were solicited. The sample included 52 Indian faculty members, and 24 Ethiopian faculty members. Among the sample participants, 85% Indian and 68% Ethiopian faculty members felt that the students need to develop the skills of writing long descriptive and explanatory answers, whereas 73% Indian and 62% Ethiopian faculty member felt that students generally have mistrust in any faculty member during evaluation, and students’ reaction to evaluation is unjustified. The paper argued for improving standards, removing the mistrust and developing the students’ skills in writing long answers. Maintaining examinees’ confidentiality and using external examination are suggested as useful tools in this context.
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Private Higher Education in Ethiopia: Peril and Promise - Semela, Tesfaye (2007)
As globalization gets its foothold in Africa, the people have started to feel its effects they are grapping with the new challenges coming along with it. The impacts are also gradually beginning to be felt as globalization begins to engulf the higher education sector. Willingly or otherwise, Africa seems to have come to terms with the fact that the hegemony of public higher education establishments would be a history as soon as the continent’s private institutions emerge as a potent alternative. Like its counterparts in Africa, Ethiopia has not only acknowledged, but also actively responded to the changing situation as evidenced by the new reforms and policies introduced to higher education system. Informed by the new world order, Ethiopia has recently adopted a liberal policy stance that encouraged local private investment as well as foreign players though the country is not yet a party to the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS). The general Agreement on Trade and Services obliges member countries to open up their domestic markets to foreign institutions and companies engaged in commercialization of higher education. This short paper shades light on the status of private HE in Ethiopia in view of its promises, pitfalls, and potentials in strengthening the higher education system.
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EDUCATION: Madagascar Rebuilds Schools (Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series, 2007)
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 44, Issue 5 p. 17100A-17100C EDUCATION: Madagascar Rebuilds Schools First published: 29 June 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2007.01049.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume44, Issue5June 2007Pages 17100A-17100C RelatedInformation
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The Planning of Continuity of Technological Education in West Africa Using Critical Path Method: Nigeria and Ghana as Case Studies - Adejuyigbe, Samuel B. (Advanced Materials Research, 2007)
In this paper the author used his personal experience having passed through all the facets of technological education specializing in Mechanical Engineering to solve the problem of noncontinuity of technological educational system. Critical Path Method (CPM) was used to develop a model for the continuity of Technological Education using Nigeria and Ghana as a case study. The paper completely eliminates the terminal certificates awarded in some Nigerian and Ghanaian Technological Institutions. Other educational lines like: Education, Art and Sciences were compared with that of Technological line and solutions were proffered to the identified problems.
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Benin country report - Agyeman, Osei Tutu (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Niger country report - Agyeman, Osei Tutu (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Nigeria country report - Agyeman, Osei Tutu (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Primary school children's perspectives on common diseases and medicines used: implications for school healthcare programmes and priority setting in Uganda. - Akello, Grace; Reis, Ria; Ovuga, Emilio; Rwabukwali, Charles B.; Kabonesa, Consolata; Richters, Annemiek (PubMed, 2007)
Existing school health programmes in Uganda target children above five years for de-worming, oral hygiene and frequent vaccination of girls of reproductive age.To assess primary school children's perspectives on common diseases they experience and medicines used in order to suggest reforms for school healthcare programmes and priority setting.Rapid appraisal approaches, triangulated with a survey, using a semi-structured questionnaire with 80 children aged 8-15 years, were used in data collection. This was done during a three months fieldwork in one primary boarding school in Kampala. An investigation was made into perspectives of children on their recent illness experiences and medicines they used to recover. Other techniques in data collection included participant observation and eliciting children's narratives of diseases they experienced in a two weeks recall. Key informants, who included school teachers, a nurse, 2 paediatricians, 4 matrons and private health service providers in the vicinity of the school, were approached to validate children's narratives.Children named and ranked malaria as the most severe and frequently experienced disease. Other diseases mentioned included diarrhoea, skin fungal infections, flu, and typhoid. The symptoms children recognised in case of illness were high body temperature, vomiting, headache, weakness, appetite loss and diarrhoea. Children were either given medicines by the school nurse or they self-medicated using pharmaceuticals including chloroquine, panadol, flagyl, fansidar, quinine injections, capsules (amoxicillin and ampicillin) obtained from the clinics, drug shops, pharmacies, and other unspecified indigenous medicines from their home and markets.The healthcare needs and priorities of children in primary school are infectious diseases which they could readily identify.
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Access to Basic Education in Ghana: The Evidence and the Issues - Akyeampong, Kwame; Djangmah, J.S.; Oduro, Abena D.; Seidu, Alhassan; Hunt, Frances (2007)
This review of educational development in Ghana has been developed to explore key issues in access to education, capture recent research, and to identify gaps in knowledge and understanding. This critical analytic review provides the basis for research which seeks to identify children who are excluded from basic education, establish the causes of their exclusion, and identify ways of ensuring that all children comnplete a full cycle of basic education successfully.
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Access to Basic Education in Ghana: The Evidence and the Issues. Country Analytic Report. - Akyeampong, Kwame; Djangmah, J.S.; Oduro, Abena D.; Seidu, Alhassan; Hunt, Frances (2007)
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Libraries in the time of AIDS: African perspectives and recommendations for a revised model of LIS education - Albright, Kendra S.; Kawooya, Dick (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and information science (LIS) education in Sub-Saharan Africa has its historical roots in colonialism, modeling its curriculum after European LIS training, based upon the information needs of the European cultures. While this model has been useful in building and guiding LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa, it has not adequately addressed the unique cultural needs of the African societies it represents, particularly in achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations. This paper presents a critical analysis of the LIS profession within a Sub-Saharan context. Beginning with an overview of libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa, it proceeds to examine LIS education and practice within a cultural context, critically analyzing existing structures that have their roots in colonialism. It raises questions regarding the adequacy of current LIS education and practice towards meeting development goals, using HIV/AIDS as an example. Drawing from previous research and projects in Africa, recommendations for the future of LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa are presented. A case study from an existing partnership between academic programs in LIS in Uganda and the United States is used as an example of the benefits to both institutions.
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Libraries in the time of AIDS: African perspectives and recommendations for a revised model of LIS education - Albright, Kendra S.; Kawooya, Dick (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and information science (LIS) education in Sub-Saharan Africa has its historical roots in colonialism, modeling its curriculum after European LIS training, based upon the information needs of the European cultures. While this model has been useful in building and guiding LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa, it has not adequately addressed the unique cultural needs of the African societies it represents, particularly in achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations. This paper presents a critical analysis of the LIS profession within a Sub-Saharan context. Beginning with an overview of libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa, it proceeds to examine LIS education and practice within a cultural context, critically analyzing existing structures that have their roots in colonialism. It raises questions regarding the adequacy of current LIS education and practice towards meeting development goals, using HIV/AIDS as an example. Drawing from previous research and projects in Africa, recommendations for the future of LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa are presented. A case study from an existing partnership between academic programs in LIS in Uganda and the United States is used as an example of the benefits to both institutions.
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Highlighting the gap between critical outcomes requirements and built environment education in South Africa - Ampofo-Anti, N (2007)
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ESL Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges towards Communicative Competence - Amuseghan, Sunday Adejimola (Nebula, 2007)
Determining the success or otherwise of the English curriculum aims, goals, objectives, methods and materials, which bother on the mass and accumulation of the four language skills [listening, speaking, reading and writing] as well as different language levels [phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis and semantics] is an inevitable task. Most ESL curriculum reforms over the years have sought to strike meaningful balance between linguistic competence and communicative competence. Contrary to this expectation, communicative competence is regrettably lacking in several students that pass through the Nigerian secondary schools annually. ESL coursebooks, methods and contents are often mentioned as the most sources of the problems for unachieved ESL curriculum aims, goals and objectives at the secondary school level in Nigeria. This paper, therefore, critically looks at some issues and challenges in ESL curriculum towards achieving communicative competence and come up with a recommendation of providing enrichment materials, which newspapers and other media resources can suitably provide.
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Civil war effects on primary education in non warring countries in Africa: the case of Karagwe District in Tanzania - Anangisye, William A. L. (2007)
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Kidney function and clinical correlates in newly diagnosed hypertensives attending a university teaching hospital in southwest Nigeria - Ayodele, Olugbenga Edward; Egbewale, Bolaji Emmanuel; Alebiosu, CO (African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2007)
Summary Hypertension is associated with development of cardiovascular and kidney complications. Low awareness of hypertension leads to late presentation and development of complications. Studies have also shown that chronic kidney disease is often undiagnosed and patients present late. In view of the aforementioned, the prevalence and clinical correlates of decreased kidney function in newly diagnosed hypertensives were assessed. The study was carried out at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. One hundred and forty three patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Hypertension was defined by SBP > or = 140 and/or DBP > or = 90 mm Hg. Kidney function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Patients with GFR < 60 mL/min were defined as having decreased kidney function. Determinants of decreased kidney function were assessed. Thirty three patients (23.1%) have decreased kidney function. On univariate analysis, age, educational status, BMI, SBP and DBP were significantly associated with decreased kidney function. After logistic regression, age and BMI were significantly associated with decreased kidney function. Decreased kidney function was present in 23.1% of the study population. These patients stand a higher risk of faster progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. This finding underscores the need to improve the awareness of hypertension in the population.
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Sociodemographic characteristics and health risk behaviours among students of a tertiary institution in south western Nigeria. - Bamidele, James Olusegun; Eo, Asekun-Olarinmoye; Odu, OO; Oa, Amusan; Be, Egbewale (African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2007)
The identification of early risk factors among undergraduate students that impact on health, both mental and physical is a primary focus of this survey. This is more so since people suffering from an illness may not be currently engaging in any health risk behaviours but might have engaged in such behaviours before they developed the illness condition. Therefore the identification of health risk behaviours among this group of people would permit a better understanding of localized patterns of health risk behaviours as well as help to target intervention activities towards this particular group of people.The study is based upon data obtained from a cross-sectional survey of students in a tertiary institution in South Western Nigeria. Participants voluntarily and anonymously completed a baseline semistructured questionnaire which elicited information on demographic information, sexual behaviours and substance use among others. Of the 368 respondents, majority 225 (60.9%) are in the age group of 20-24 years. A total of 152 (41.3%) are either currently or have previously indulged in heavy drinking of alcohol and a statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between the use of alcohol and having multiple sexual partners and use of commercial sex workers. Ninety-four (25.5%) and 52 (14.1%) are currently smoking or have smoked cigarette and marijuana before respectively; while 56 (15.2%) are currently using or have before used narcotic drugs. The relationship between hard drug use and non use of condom was statistically significant (p<0.05). Ninety-two (25.0%) have more than one sexual partners at the same given period; the male respondents indulged more in having multiple partners than the female and the result was statistically significant (p<0.05). As many as 155 (47.8%) of the 324 (88.0% of the respondents) sexually active respondents had never used condom during sexual intercourse. Also 88 (27.1%) of this group of the respondents have had sexual relationship with commercial sex workers (CSW) at one time or the other. Condom use was low among the sexually active respondents. Only 29.3% of the respondents always use condom when having any sexual relationship. This study has shown that students in this survey indulge in health risk behaviours such as unsafe sexual practices, alcohol, cigarette smoking and other substance use. The males are more involved in having multiplicity of sexual partners than their female counterpart. The study also revealed a significant association between the use of alcohol and in having multiple sexual partners. Comprehensive health education and intervention programs are needed to influence positive behavioural change among this group of students and this will require working in partnership with schools authorities and other local community groups.
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The Bisha Volcanic-Associated Massive Sulfide Deposit, Western Nakfa Terrane, Eritrea - Barrie, Christopher; Nielsen, F. William; Aussant, Claude H. (Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 2007)
The Neoproterozoic Bisha volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposit (VMS) is a large (>39 million metric tons (Mt)) relatively high grade Zn-Cu-Au-Ag deposit in a newly discovered VMS district in western Eritrea. The host stratigraphic section comprises a large, possibly coeval and cogenetic intrusion known as the Bisha Gabbroic Complex, ~3 km downsection, a series of mafic to felsic tuffs with minor flows and minor sedimentary rocks in the proximal footwall, and felsic flows, fine tuffs, and volcanic-derived siliciclastic rocks in the proximal hanging wall. Minor siliceous exhalite units extend for several kilometers along strike and are present upsection. Two other VMS deposits are present along strike: Bisha Northwest, 1.5 km to the north-northwest, and Harena, 9.5 km to the south-southwest; additionally, a large, lower grade VMS deposit, Hambok, is present ~15 km to the southwest. The Bisha deposit is a single, nearly inclusion and dike-free lens, 1.2 km along strike, that has been folded and affected by significant, near-surface oxidation and supergene processes. The deposit and host strata form an overturned synform within a probable, west-over east, kilometer-scale nappe structure. It would appear that the strata have been folded and thrust against the gabbroic complex which behaved as a competent buttress during deformation. The oxidation and supergene enrichment have led to the development of four mineralogically and spatially distinct ore types or zones. The hematite-goethite-quartz gossan, from 0- to ~30-m depth, has high gold, silver, and lead contents, with native gold, argentiferous gold, electrum, anglesite, and lesser cerrusite. The kaolinite-quartz-sulfate zone occurs at ~25- to 35-m depth, and also is enriched in gold, silver, and lead, and has the same ore mineralogy as the gossan; additionally it has minor chalcocite and minor to trace amounts of unusual Zn-Pb-Fe carbonate and sulfate minerals. The supergene sulfide zone is present from ~35- to 65-m depth and has significant copper enrichment, with predominant chalcocite, and lesser digenite, covellite, and bornite, along with pyrite, minor pyrrhotite, anglesite, and gangue minerals. The primary massive sulfide, from ~65- to more than 450-m depth, has a significant volume of zinc-rich ore and a typical VMS sulfide assemblage of pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and minor to trace galena, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, tennantite, arsenopyrite, barite, and gangue. The average ore and trace metal contents of the four ore types are calculated from an extensive assay and whole-rock geochemical database. The average metal contents for primary massive sulfide are comparable to that of other bimodal-siliciclastic deposits using an extended, primitive mantle-normalized plot. The ore metals, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag, are 2.5 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than average continental crust, whereas the trace metals are more variable. Manganese is significantly depleted in comparison to the average crustal value. Moderate to strong chloritic alteration and stringer sulfide veins are present in footwall felsic and intermediate tuffs along the entire strike length, immediately east of the eastern massive sulfide lens. This is high-lighted using a chlorite alteration index, in wt percent: (MgO + FeO)*100/(MgO + FeO + CaO + K2O + Na2O). In addition, the chloritic footwall is depleted in silica, alkali, and alkaline earth elements, and europium. In contrast, these elements are enriched in the hanging-wall tuffs, indicating that the Bisha hydrothermal system continued after deposition of the tuffs. Primary geochemistry of mafic to felsic volcanic and nearby intrusive rocks, including the Bisha Gabbroic Complex, indicate a bimodal igneous suite, with evidence for cogenetic and possibly coeval volcanic and intrusive rocks. The suite has tholeiitic to transitional calc-alkalic affinities, with mantle plume-influenced, primitive arc signatures for least altered basalts. Lead isotope ratios of galena and anglesite mineral separates from the Bisha, Bisha Northwest, and Harena deposits have model ages that range from 790 to 770 Ma. This is in contrast to a lead model age of ~720 Ma for the Adi Nefas VMS deposit in the eastern Nakfa terrane and to galena from a nearby gold vein deposit at ~490 Ma. The model ages for the Bisha area VMS deposits indicate that these deposits and their host rocks formed early during the development of the 850 to 550 Ma Nakfa terrane.
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Economic growth education and AIDS in Kenya. - Bell, Christopher Richard Vincent; Bruhns, Ramona; Gersbach, Hans (Development outreach, 2007)
An AIDS epidemic threatens Kenya with a long wave of premature adult mortality and thus with an enduring setback to the formation of human capital and economic growth. According to UNAIDS (2004) about 1.2 million Kenyans were HIV-positive (out of a population of just over 30 million) in 2003 roughly 150000 died of the disease in that year and some 650000 children had been left as orphans. One independent estimate puts the cumulative number of deaths due to AIDS in Kenya from 1984 to 2000 at no less than 1.5 million. We developed a model to analyze the prospects for the formation of human capital and economic growth in Kenya even as the AIDS epidemic threatens that country with a long wave of premature adult mortality. The model is then used to analyze the social profitability of programs to promote education and combat the epidemic. (excerpt)
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Newly qualified South African teachers : staying or leaving? : research article - Bertram, Carol; Wedekind, Volker; Muthukrishna, Nithi (Perspectives in Education, 2007)
The international recruitment by countries of the North of teachers from less developed countries has become a controversial aspect of the problem of 'brain drain'. As a political and economic issue, the argument is that it reduces human capital within the education system and leads to the movement of highly skilled teachers from countries that can least afford to lose them. In South Africa the issue of teacher mobility is more complex because opinion is divided on the extent of the problem, what the trends are, and how best to assess what is going on. There is also no reliable data on how many teachers the country loses to international recruitment. This article presents a study that explored the career plans of a sample of final year students who graduated at the end of 2004 and 2005. The study drew from two large-scale survey questionnaires of final year student teachers from eleven higher education institutions (HEI) in 2004 and fourteen HEIs in 2005. The study found that 27.4% of the 2004 sample and 23.4% of the 2005 sample had indicated that they were definitely going to teach abroad or were considering teaching abroad. Age, race and teaching phase are significant variables in the decision to teach abroad. For the 2004 sample, white and Indian teachers, primary teachers and teachers from particular institutions are more likely to choose to teach abroad. For the 2005 sample, white, BEd Foundation phase students who are younger than 27 years are the most likely to choose to teach abroad. However, it appears that the majority of teachers are planning to return to South Africa, perhaps signifying a 'brain circulation', rather than a 'brain drain'.
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Teacher Shortages, Teacher Contracts and their Impact on Education in Africa - Bourdon, Jean; Frölich, Markus; Michaelowa, Katharina (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Teacher Shortages, Teacher Contracts and Their Impact on Education in Africa - Bourdon, Jean; Frölich, Markus; Michaelowa, Katharina (Social Science Research Network, 2007)
Primary school enrollment rates are very low in francophone Africa. In order to enhance education supply, many countries have launched large teacher recruitment programmes in recent years, whereby teachers are no longer engaged on civil servant positions, but on the basis of (fixed term) contracts typically implying considerably lower salaries and a sharply reduced duration of professional training. While this policy has led to a boost of primary enrolment, there is a concern about a loss in the quality of education. In this paper we analyse the impact on educational quality, by estimating nonparametrically the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative data, comparable across these countries. We find that contract teachers do relatively better for low ability children in low grades than for high ability children in higher grades. When positive treatment effects were found, they tended to be more positive at the low to medium quantiles; when negative effects were found they tended to be more pronounced at the high ability quantiles. Hence, overall it seems that contract teachers do a relatively better job for teaching students with learning difficulties than for teaching the 'more advanced' children. This implies that contract teachers tend to reduce inequalities in student outcomes. At the same time, we also observe clear differences between the countries. We find that, overall, effects are positive in Mali, somewhat mixed in Togo (with positive effects in 2nd and negative effects in 5th grade) and negative in Niger. This ordering is consistent with theoretical expectations derived from a closer examination of the different ways of implementation of the contract teacher programme in the three countries. In Mali and, to some extent, in Togo, the contract teacher system works more through the local communities. This may have led to closer monitoring and more effective hiring of contract teachers. In Niger, the system was changed in a centralized way with all contract teachers being public employees, so that there is no reason to expect much impact on local monitoring. In addition, the extremely fat hiring of huge numbers of contract teachers may also have contributed to relatively poor performance in Niger. These results are expected to be relevant for other sub-Saharan African countries, too, as well as for the design of new contract teacher programmes in the future.
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Youth United Through Health Education: Community-Level, Peer-Led Outreach to Increase Awareness and Improve Noninvasive Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in Urban African American Youth - Boyer, Cherrie B.; Sieverding, John; Siller, Jacqueline; Gallaread, Alonzo; Chang, Y. Jason (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2007)
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Youth United Through Health Education (YUTHE) program, a community-level, peer-led outreach program to increase awareness and improve noninvasive sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in youth residing in the targeted community.Sexually experienced youth, aged 12-22 years, anonymously participated in the YUTHE program (a 15-minute encounter, including a risk assessment with feedback and prevention messages). A street- and venue-based intercept approach using a nonequivalent control group design was implemented to evaluate the YUTHE program.YUTHE community respondents were more likely to know that STIs could be asymptomatic (odds ratios [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.72), know about urine-based STI screening tests (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.72), perceive themselves to be at risk for STIs (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.62), and worried about acquiring an STI (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.18). No other community differences were identified. However, respondents who reported a single contact (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.11-4.03) or multiple contacts (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.81-4.26) with the YUTHE program were more likely to have been tested for STIs in the previous six months.We did not accomplish our overall goal of increasing STI screening in our outreach community relative to the comparison community; our findings suggest that a peer-led, street- and venue-based community outreach approach is a feasible means for reaching large numbers of adolescents for STI prevention.
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Building library leadership in Africa: A proposed education initiative - Britz, Johannes; Lor, Peter Johan; Bothma, Theo J.D. (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
This article deals with a proposed initiative to train library managers on the African continent. It is argued that such an education initiative will contribute to the socio-economic development of Africa. Issues addressed in the article include the following: the background to and rationale for this initiative, justification for the University of Pretoria to be the degree-issuing institution, the delivery mode, outline of the proposed curriculum and expected outcomes of this initiative.
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Building library leadership in Africa: A proposed education initiative - Britz, Johannes; Lor, Peter Johan; Bothma, Theo J.D. (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
This article deals with a proposed initiative to train library managers on the African continent. It is argued that such an education initiative will contribute to the socio-economic development of Africa. Issues addressed in the article include the following: the background to and rationale for this initiative, justification for the University of Pretoria to be the degree-issuing institution, the delivery mode, outline of the proposed curriculum and expected outcomes of this initiative.
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[Training course to improve management and distribution of antiretroviral treatment in Benin from December 4-8, 2006]. - Bruneton, C; Aa, Fagbemi; Hougni, E; Agbatchossou, E; Daguenel-Nguyen, A; Michel, Donna M. (PubMed, 2007)
A training course on managing and dispensing antiretroviral treatment was developed to improve the practices and behavior of personnel at 35 centers providing care for HIV/AIDS patients in Benin. This course proposes several ways to adapt the "Handbook of supply management at first-level health care facilities" (OMS) and to make successful use of "A method for better counseling and dispensing of medicines" developed by the Réseau Médicaments et Développement et le Centre de Pharmacovigilance (Alger).
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The school cluster system as an innovation: Perceptions of Zimbabwean teachers and school heads - Chikoko, Vitallis (Africa Education Review, 2007)
Abstract School clusters, that is, the grouping of schools within the same geographical location, for economic, pedagogic, administrative and political purposes (Bray, 1987), have arisen as one possible solution to developing countries’ battles to achieve both quantitative and qualitative advances in their education systems within the framework of financial austerity. However, there remain questions regarding how those tasked to implement this innovation perceive it. Through a multi-site case study of five schools using a questionnaire and interviews with teachers and school heads, findings suggest that both macro and micro problems prevented the cluster from achieving its capacity building goals. Key threats included the nature of the cluster model adopted, the centralisation tendency of the education system, the dual ownership of schools, resistance to change and the under-utilisation of resources.
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Standards-based educational reform and its implications for school-based assessment : lessons from Zimbabwean schools - Chirume, Francis (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2007)
The question of assessment standards has been at the centre of debate at many regional and international conferences on education. The debates are a result of new education initiatives and call for increased accountability. Expectations about what all students should learn - and, by implication, what they should be tested on - have changed in response to social, economic and technological changes and as a result of the standards-based reform movement. This has intensified the demand for schools to develop more effective, integrated methods of assessing student performance. This article discusses perceptions of Zimbabwe secondary school teachers on how standards-based education has impacted on school-based assessment. The research is based on interviews with teachers, and shows that teachers believe that content and performance standards are critical in the implementation of school-based assessment. However, performance and opportunity-to-learn standards were found to be inadequately expressed in official documentation. The article recommends that teachers receive in-service training in the area of assessment and educational standards so that they can understand and apply the principles of standards in school-based assessment.
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Teaching & Learning Guide for: Teaching African History in an Era of Globalization - Davis, R. Hunt (History Compass, 2007)
Author’s Introduction Davis notes at the outset that Africa is the most impoverished of the continents. This condition in turn has led scholars, development experts, and political leaders in a search for the causes of poverty in Africa in the hopes of finding successful means for addressing it. Focus Questions How can utilizing a historical perspective enhance our understanding of Africa’s widespread and deeply entrenched poverty beyond the explanations of academic disciplines such as anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology? In the early twenty‐first century, what if any difference does it make in our perception of Africa to argue that ‘as of the middle second millennium CE . . . Africa’s role in the global community was one in which African were fully in charge of their own economic, social, and cultural affairs, and were capable of engaging with external forces on their own terms’? Author Recommends * Connah, G. , African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective , 2nd ed. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001). This book, with its focus on the early development of social complexity in tropical Africa from about 2000 BCE onward, offers an excellent starting point for understanding the depth and breadth of human achievement in Africa. The author examines urbanism and state formation in their environmental setting in seven areas of Africa, chronologically arranged, beginning with the Nubian Nile and continuing with the Ethiopian highlands, the West African savanna, the West African forest, the East African coast and its island, the Zimbabwean plateau, and several areas of Central Africa. Trade serves as a main factor in developing urbanism and state formation, but even more important in Connah’s mind were the underlying favorable environmental circumstances that enabled higher than usual agricultural productivity and its attendant population growth. * Vansina, J. , How Societies are Born: Governance in West Central Africa Before 1600 (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2005). Jan Vansina has long pioneered the study of pre‐colonial African history through utilizing the available sources of evidence such as those that come from archaeology and historical linguistics to study pre‐literate African societies. In this, his most recent book, he first examines how relatively large societies emerged from the small foraging communities that characterized West Central Africa up until about 500 BCE. He then discusses the variety of developmental paths and governance structures that emerged among the different societies of the region. * Wright, D. R. , The World and a Very Small Place in Africa: A History of Globalization in Niumi, The Gambia , 2nd edn. (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2004). Wright takes a world systems approach to this study of Niumi, a minor African polity located near the mouth of the Gambia River. By so doing, he illustrates the effects of globalization on the small and impoverished present‐day state of The Gambia, and, by extrapolation, much of the rest of tropical Africa. The key initial date is Niumi’s encounter with the Portuguese in 1446. A fully viable entity that was already involved in the wider world economy and culture via the trans‐Saharan trade, the inhabitants of Niumi was open to the new trading and cultural opportunities that trade via the Atlantic offered them. The long‐term impact of Niumi’s involvement with the initially promising new trade routes was the loss of its autonomy and its relegation to economic and cultural dependency. * Hochschild, A. , King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1998). Throughout Africa and, indeed, the wider world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries whites were ruling over indigenous populations as if it were their right and as if the suffering of the locals did not matter. But nowhere was there a more blatant example of the cruelest forms of exploitation and suffering than King Leopold’s Congo. At one level, this is a story of the individuals who played a key role in establishing the Congo Free State, conducting its affairs, and exposing the massive and systematic abuses of its population in the pursuit of profit on behalf of Leopold. This is far more than a story of personalities, however, for Hochschild places Leopold’s Congo in the wider historical context of the age of imperialism. Online Materials 1. Fung, K. , Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources http://www‐sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html , accessed on 28 August 2006. Prepared by Karen Fung, Curator, Africa Collection, Stanford University Libraries, for the Information and Communication Technology Group (ICTG), African Studies Association, USA, this guide is an updated version (as of 2006) of the printed guide to Africa‐related internet resources that initially appeared in 1994. Users can browse the guide by country (lists 49 sub‐Saharan countries and island nations; and by region as well) or by general topic (53 in all, ranging from African Diaspora to Women), or they can search for specific information by entering one or more words. It also contains breaking Africa news, linking to the best sources for up‐to‐date African news. 2. University of Washington Libraries , Sub‐Saharan African History http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/History/tm/africa.html , accessed on 28 August 2006. This is a much more focused guide than Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources , which it links under the heading of General African Studies Sites. A unique aspect of this guide is its focus on sight and sound. For example, it also links under the general sites ‘Africa Focus’, which is an online collection of over 3000 slides, 500 photographs and 50 hours of sound from 45 African countries with an emphasis on contemporary Africa. It has links to regional and country specific sites, including the valuable ‘Voyages en Afrique’ with its collection of 900 French texts, images and maps illustrating African exploration and colonial history, and the ‘Digitized Colonial Picture Archive’ with its searchable collection of more than 50,000 digitized photographs from the archives of the ‘Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft.’ Also listed are links to three research organizations, Africa Research Central: A Clearinghouse of African Primary Sources, the African Studies Centre at Leiden University, and the Harriet Tubman Resource Center. Sample Syllabus Rather than providing a sample syllabus, readers are referred to Volume 2, Number 1 (2004) of the e‐journal World History Connected ( http://worldhistoryconnected.press.uiuc.edu/2.1/ ). The editorial for this issue begins by stating: ‘How should we teach about Africa in our world history courses? As the essays in this issue attest, there is no simple answer to this question.’ The core of this issue consists of a forum on teaching about Africa from a world history or global approach. In addition to the essays on teaching, there are helpful bibliographic suggestions: Forum: Teaching Africa in World History: Issues and Approaches Putting Africa in World History and Vice Versa by Erik Gilbert So Many Africas, So Little Time: Doing Justice to Africa in the World History Survey by Jonathan Reynolds Connecting African History to the Major Themes of World History by Candice Goucher Teaching about the African Past in the Context of World History by R. Hunt Davis Resources Suggested Readings in African History for Non‐specialists: An Annotated List by David Northrup Resource Suggestions from the Experts
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Library and information science education in Nigeria: Curricula contents versus cultural realities - Diso, Lukman Ibraheem; Njoku, Ifeanyi Faith (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and Information Science (LIS) education can only be meaningfully discussed within the context of education generally, and vis-à-vis the cultural milieu for which it is provided. The growing globalization is equally a necessary factor to consider in this discussion, given its seeping impact on culture, economy and education, especially in developing countries. LIS education programmes in Nigeria are offered at various tertiary level institutions—Colleges of Education, Polytechnics, and Universities. Such programmes award certificates, diplomas, BLS, BLIS, MLS, MLIS, Ph.D. and vary in nomenclature, content, and grading system, depending on the awarding institution. The discussion examines the types of LIS programmes these schools offer, the content of their curricula, and training facilities against the needs and the prevailing conditions of the socio-cultural environment which is the schools’ raison d’etre. Each of these schools has its own peculiarities, but being federal institutions, they have many characteristics in common.
openalex: W2081597077 mag: 2081597077
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Library and information science education in Nigeria: Curricula contents versus cultural realities - Diso, Lukman Ibraheem; Njoku, Ifeanyi Faith (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and Information Science (LIS) education can only be meaningfully discussed within the context of education generally, and vis-à-vis the cultural milieu for which it is provided. The growing globalization is equally a necessary factor to consider in this discussion, given its seeping impact on culture, economy and education, especially in developing countries. LIS education programmes in Nigeria are offered at various tertiary level institutions—Colleges of Education, Polytechnics, and Universities. Such programmes award certificates, diplomas, BLS, BLIS, MLS, MLIS, Ph.D. and vary in nomenclature, content, and grading system, depending on the awarding institution. The discussion examines the types of LIS programmes these schools offer, the content of their curricula, and training facilities against the needs and the prevailing conditions of the socio-cultural environment which is the schools’ raison d’etre. Each of these schools has its own peculiarities, but being federal institutions, they have many characteristics in common.
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Collaborative Partnerships and the Transformation of Secondary Education through ICTs in South Africa - Evoh, Chijioke J. (Educational Media International, 2007)
The focus of this study is on lessons learned by collaborative partnerships that use ICTs to expand access to and improve the quality of secondary education in South Africa. Secondary education is the most strategic, and unfortunately the least developed education sector in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Empirical studies show that, in addition to traditional solutions, ICTs may be the most feasible and economically sound means of expanding access to and improving the quality of secondary education and for achieving the goals of “Education for All” in Africa. However, due to resource constraints, governments in the region cannot successfully integrate ICTs in secondary education on their own. Hence, there is the need for strategic collaboration between the government, the private sector and the civil society. This study draws from the experience of two collaborative partnerships that use ICT to promote secondary education in South Africa, namely: the Mindset Network Organization and the Khanya Education Technology Project. The objective is to use these cases to understand how collaborative partnerships implement ICT in education policy for the benefit of secondary education, and how to sustain such partnerships. The case studies were used to develop sustainability models of partnerships for ICT in secondary education within the context of developing countries in SSA. Les partenariats collaboratifs et la transformation de l’enseignement secondaire par les TIC en Afrique du Sud L’accent dans la présente étude est mis sur les leçons tirées par les partenariats collaboratifs qui utilisent les TIC pour ouvrir davantage l’accès à l’enseignement secondaire en Afrique du Sud et à en améliorer la qualité. L’enseignement secondaire est le secteur éducatif le plus stratégique et malheureusement le moins développé en Afrique Subsaharienne (ASS). Des étude empiriques montrent que, s’ajoutant aux solutions traditionnelles, les TIC peuvent constituer le moyen le plus pratique et le plus accessible économiquement pour élargir l’accès, améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement secondaire et pour parvenir à l’objectif de « l’Education pour Tous » en Afrique. Cependant les ressources limitées font que les gouvernements de la région ne peuvent pas intégrer avec succès les TIC dans l’enseignement secondaire seul. D’où le besoin de collaborations entre le gouvernement, le secteur privé et la société civile. La présente étude se fonde sur l’expérience de deux partenariats collaboratifs qui utilisent les TICE pour promouvoir l’enseignement secondaire en Afrique du Sud à savoir l’organisation Réseau Mindset et le Projet Educatif Technologique de Khanya. L’objectif est d’utiliser ces études de cas pour comprendre comment des partenariats collaboratifs mettent en place les TIC au bénéfice de l’enseignement secondaire et comment faire vivre ces partenariats. Ces études de cas ont été utilisées pour mettre au point des modèles de partenariats durables pour les TIC dans l’enseignement secondaire ceci dans le contexte de pays en voie de développement en Afrique Subsaharienne. Gemeinschaftliche Partnerschaften und die Umgestaltung des Sekundarschulwesens durch IuK in Südafrika Diese Studie beschäftigt sich mit Unterrichtsstunden gemeinschaftlicher Partnerschaften, in denen IuK verwendet wird, um den Zugang zum Sekundarstufenunterricht und seine Qualität in Südafrika zu verbessern. Das Sekundarschulwesen ist von größter Zukunftsbedeutung, aber leider der am geringsten entwickelte Bereich des Erziehungswesens in Sub‐Sahara Afrika (SSA). Empirische Studien zeigen, dass, zusätzlich zu traditionellen Lösungen, IuK die realisierbarsten und wirtschaftlich solidesten Möglichkeiten, den Zugang und die Qualität der Sekundarstufenerziehung zu verbessern und “Bildung für alle” in Afrika zu erreichen. Allerdings kann die Regierung wegen fehlender Ressourcen die Integration von IuK alleine nicht leisten. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit für eine strategische Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Regierung, dem privaten Sektor und der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Diese Studie bezieht sich auf Erfahrungen, die zwei zusammenarbeitende Partnerschaften, die IuK nutzen, um die Sekundarerziehung in Süd‐Afrika zu fördern, gemacht haben, nämlich die “Mindset Network Organization” und das “Khanya Education Technology Project”. Zielsetzung ist, durch diese Fälle zu erforschen, wie zusammenarbeitende Partnerschaften IuK mit Gewinn für den Sekundarbereich in die Bildungsarbeit einfügen können und wie man solche Partnerschaften aufrechterhalten kann. Ziel der Fallstudien war der Aufbau nachhaltiger Partnerschaftsmodelle für den Einsatz von IuK im Sekundarbildungswesen in sich entwickelnden Ländern im Sub‐Sahara Bereich. Las asociaciones colaborativas y la transformación de la enseñanza secundaria a través de las TICs en Africa del Sur El presente estudio pone énfasis en las lecciones sacadas por las asociaciones colaborativas que utilizan las TICs para abrir un acceso más amplio a la enseñanza secundaria en Africa del Sur y mejorar su calidad. La enseñanza secundaria es el sector educativo más estratégico y desgraciadamente el menos desarrollado del Africa subsahariana (ASS). Estudios empíricos muestran que en sintonía con soluciones tradicionales, las TICs pueden constituír el medio más práctico y económicamente válido para abrir el acceso y mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza secundaria y alcanzar el objetivo de “Educación para Todos” en Africa. Al mismo tiempo los escasos recursos no permiten a los gobiernos de la region integrar las TICs solamente dentro de la enseñanza secundaria. Esto conlleva la necesidad de colaboraciones entre los gobiernos, el sector privado y la sociedad civil. El presente estudio se funda en la experiencia de dos asociaciones colaborativas que usan las TICs para fortalecer la enseñanza secundaria en Africa del Sur es decir la Organización Red Mindset y el proyecto educativo Tecnológico de Khanya. El objetivo es aprovechar esos estudios de casos para ver como esas asociaciones colaborativas aplican las TICs en sus políticas educativas en beneficio de la enseñanza secundaria y como sostener esas asociaciones. Los estudios de casos han sido utilizados para desarrollar modelos sostenibles de asociaciones para las TICs en la educación secundaria dentro del contexto de países en vías de desarrollo del Africa subsahariana.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Burkina Faso Country Report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. Developing the education system in Burkina Faso will involve equipping more people with a basic quality education and guaranteeing development in the post-primary education sector. Through these two main initiatives, Burkina Faso will strengthen its workforce and add to the number of skilled workers, professionals, and other contributors to its culture, economy, and status. Disparities in access based on location, gender, and age, in addition to the lack of rural communication structures, are Burkina's major constraints to universalizing ICT use. However, with a plan to develop ICT infrastructure in Burkina Faso, and an increasing demand for modern technologies and information, the education sector is welcoming progress toward the integration of ICT into its school systems, with the help of various partnerships from public and private organizations.
openalex: W1935935182 mag: 1935935182
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Central African Republic country report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The Central African Republic (CAR) faces many challenges to make a greater effort in training, budgeting, and awareness creation concerning the use of ICTs. Introducing ICTs into basic education (especially in secondary education) is increasingly seen by many as a necessity, and the development of teacher skills is necessary to enhance the use of educational technology. The country has only one university and enrolment rates are low for most levels of education. To reverse this situation, the government has made some worthy efforts to promote basic education, such as the building of new schools in the capital and the provinces with assistance from the European Union and the World Bank.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Democratic Republic of Congo Country Report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Equatorial Guinea country report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of a larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. In Equatorial Guinea, there is no specific policy concerning ICT, although attempts to improve management in the Ministry of Telecommunications are being made. This could help facilitate the adoption of such a policy in the near future. The efforts to strengthen the presence of ICT in communities and in schools are primarily made by non-governmental organizations, universities, and other actors. They collaborate on projects that make computer equipment, training, and management available and accessible to students, educators, and members of the community. These initiatives take the form of computer labs in schools or media centre's in the community.
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Gabon country report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Mali country report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Country Report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) country report - Fall, Babacar (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Sao Tome and Principe country report - Fall, Babacar (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev) - supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The government of Sao Tome does not consider ICT to be a priority sector, and there is currently no specific policy that addresses ICTs. Internet service is not yet liberalized, but there is some restructuring of telecommunications infrastructure underway.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Sao Tome and Príncipe Country Report - Fall, Babacar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev) - supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The government of Sao Tome does not consider ICT to be a priority sector, and there is currently no specific policy that addresses ICTs. Internet service is not yet liberalized, but there is some restructuring of telecommunications infrastructure underway.
openalex: W3122052862 mag: 3122052862
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Uganda country report - Farrell, Glen (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. As it adopts ICT in education, Uganda faces the same challenges as most developing economies - poorly developed ICT infrastructure, high bandwidth costs, an unreliable supply of electricity, and a general lack of resources to meet a broad spectrum of needs. However, with the rapid emergence of wireless network capacity and the ubiquitous growth of mobile phones, the context of the infrastructure is changing. A national ICT policy is in place and an education sector ICT policy is before cabinet. The ministry of education and sports is taking steps to co-ordinate ICT development and has allocated resources to support implementation of its ICT strategy.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Uganda Country Report - Farrell, Glen (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. As it adopts ICT in education, Uganda faces the same challenges as most developing economies - poorly developed ICT infrastructure, high bandwidth costs, an unreliable supply of electricity, and a general lack of resources to meet a broad spectrum of needs. However, with the rapid emergence of wireless network capacity and the ubiquitous growth of mobile phones, the context of the infrastructure is changing. A national ICT policy is in place and an education sector ICT policy is before cabinet. The ministry of education and sports is taking steps to co-ordinate ICT development and has allocated resources to support implementation of its ICT strategy.
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Cognitive Impairment and Quality of Life among Stroke Survivors in Nigeria - Fatoye, F O; Komolafe, Morenikeji; Eegunranti, B A; Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Mosaku, Samuel Kolawole; Fatoye, Grace K. (Psychological Reports, 2007)
The study investigated cognitive impairment and quality of life (QOL) among 109 consecutive stroke survivors and 109 normal controls. Each group comprised 64 (58.7%) men and 45 (41.3%) women. The modified Mini Mental State Examination (mMMSE) and the WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bréf) indicated that 19 (17.4%) stroke survivors had cognitive deficits (mMMSE score <16) compared with 5 (4.6%) control participants (chi1(2)=4.27, p<.05). Control participants performed significantly better on orientation, language comprehension, laterality, and the WHOQOL-Bréf. Being GHQ-30 positive predicted poor performance on the mMMSE among the stroke survivors and reduced QOL on three of the four domains of the WHOQOL-Bréf. In addition, previous psychiatric illness, paresis, low education, and shorter time elapsed after a stroke predicted reduced QOL on one or more domains of the WHOQOL-Bréf but age and sex of the stroke survivors were not associated with quality of life, and not with cognitive function.
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Does Provision of Food in School Increase Girls' Enrollment? Evidence from Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa - Gelli, Aulo; Meir, Ute; Espejo, Francisco (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2007)
Background The problem of low female literacy rates in Africa starts with low primary school enrollment, particularly in areas of high food insecurity. The provision of food in, and through, schools is considered to be one way of enrolling more girls in school, keeping them enrolled, and enhancing their adult well-being and pro- ductivity as a result. Objective To investigate the effects of provision of food and additional take-home rations in schools on girls' enrollment. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed based on school-level surveys in 32 African countries between 2002 and 2005. The study population consisted of girls and boys in primary schools targeted by the World Food Programme (WFP) and located in food-insecure areas that also suffered from lack of access to education. Results Provision of food in schools through the Food for Education (FFE) program contributed to increasing absolute enrollment in WFP-assisted schools by 28% for girls and 22% for boys in the first year. Post year-one enrollment patterns varied according to the type of FFE program. Where provision of take-home rations for girls was combined with on-site feeding for all pupils, the increase in girls' absolute enrollment was sustained at 30% after the first year. However, in schools providing on-site feeding alone, the rate of increase in absolute enrollment after the first year reverted to the rates of increase found in the year prior to FFE implementation. The provision of take-home rations also appeared to reduce the dropout rate of female students, particularly in the higher grades. Conclusions FFE programs can have a lasting positive influence on school enrollment and, by providing extra take-home rations to girls, in addition to on-site feeding, can make a strong contribution to the Millennium Development Goals.
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Pupils of African Heritage, Mathematics Education and Social Justice - Glevey, Kwame E. (2007)
This article focuses on pupils of African heritage in learning mathematics in the midst of the debate on race and inequality in educational provision. It discusses the widespread notions about the challenging nature of mathematics as a subject to learn and the persistent underachievement of pupils of African heritage within the context of the classroom in England. It highlights some of the distinguishing factors at the root of the perceptions pupils of African heritage have of themselves and their implications for learning mathematics. The article argues that highlighting the contributions made by people of African heritage to mathematical knowledge may offer an opportunity for pupils of African heritage to engage with the subject. Furthermore, genuine desire and care for how they are supported is vital if their underachievement in mathematics learning is to be addressed.
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Algeria country report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short Country Report, a result of a larger infoDev-supported Survey of ICT in Education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The data presented here should be regarded as illustrative rather than exhaustive. ICT use in education is at a particularly dynamic stage in Africa; new developments and announcements happening on a daily basis somewhere on the continent. Therefore, these reports should be seen as “snapshots” that were current at the time they were taken; it is expected that certain facts and figures presented may become dated very quickly.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Egypt Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Libya Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Libya Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Morocco country report - Hamdy, Amr (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Morocco Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Sudan Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
This short Country Report, a result of a larger infoDev-supported Survey of ICT in Education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The data presented here should be regarded as illustrative rather than exhaustive. ICT use in education is at a particularly dynamic stage in Africa; new developments and announcements happening on a daily basis somewhere on the continent. Therefore, these reports should be seen as “snapshots” that were current at the time they were taken; it is expected that certain facts and figures presented may become dated very quickly.
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Sudan Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short Country Report, a result of a larger infoDev-supported Survey of ICT in Education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. The data presented here should be regarded as illustrative rather than exhaustive. ICT use in education is at a particularly dynamic stage in Africa; new developments and announcements happening on a daily basis somewhere on the continent. Therefore, these reports should be seen as “snapshots” that were current at the time they were taken; it is expected that certain facts and figures presented may become dated very quickly.
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Tunisia country report - Hamdy, Amr (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
openalex: W2100575422 mag: 2100575422
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Tunisia Country Report - Hamdy, Amr (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
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Canadian Gender-Based Analysis Training in South Africa - Hanson, Cindy L. (International Feminist Journal of Politics, 2007)
Abstract Attempts to engender post-apartheid South Africa using a Canadian model of gender-based analysis training occurred through agreements between Status of Women Canada and the Office of the Status of Women in South Africa. Using a retrospective lens, I explore how my experience of delivering and evaluating such gender-based analysis training in South Africa holds moments of hope and solidarity yet, is also restricted by issues of power, representation and agency. Throughout this lived experience, the multi-faceted issues surrounding privilege and power as they are situated within race, gender, identity, place and location are explored. I question the state practices of gender mainstreaming, and whether or not transnational feminism can challenge and create changes within such a practice. The article includes data from a gender-based analysis training session and its subsequent evaluation, along with anecdotes, suggestions and a critique. With the push by national and international machineries to mainstream gender, this article offers a timely and critical perspective on the implementation and facilitation of such practices.
openalex: W1836810002 mag: 1836810002
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Survey of ICT and education in Africa : Djibouti country report - Hare, Harry (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: Djibouti Country Report - Hare, Harry (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
openalex: W3125095364 mag: 3125095364
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Somalia Country Report - Hare, Harry (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev) - supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. Somalia gained its independence in 1960, and 10 years later the country was plagued by a civil war that lasted for 21 years. By 1991, this war had ceased, but the education system had disintegrated beyond repair. Sporadic fighting among warlords guarding territorial interest continued until 2004 when the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was installed to normalize the administration and bring back law and order. The country is still facing political challenges. In June 2006, a loose coalition of clerics, business leaders, and Islamic court militias, known as the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts (SCIC), defeated powerful Mogadishu warlords and took control of the capital. The courts continued to expand, spreading their influence throughout much of southern Somalia and threatening to overthrow the TFG. The education sector is greatly affected by this political instability which has resulted in the displacement of people, destruction of infrastructure and schools, and looting of equipment and books. As much as things are slowly returning to normal, thanks to the efforts of United Nations (UN) bodies, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), and local communities, education system revival and reforms are just but beginning. And as much as ICT is acknowledged as a possible tool in the reform agenda and a possible catalyst to bring about better quality and more accessible education in Somalia, it does not feature in the current plans of most of the organization working in Somalia or the ministry in charge.
openalex: W1991573947 mag: 1991573947
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PO16-426 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS PROFILES AMONG URBAN AND RURAL SCHOOL CHILDREN OF SOUSSE (TUNISIA) - Harrabi, Imed; Maatoug, Jihene; Gaha, Rafika; Ghannem, H. (Atherosclerosis Supplements, 2007)
openalex: W2052528924 mag: 2052528924
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West African Storm Tracks and Their Relationship to Atlantic Tropical Cyclones - Hopsch, Susanna; Thorncroft, Chris D.; Hodges, Kevin I.; Aiyyer, Anantha (Journal of climate, 2007)
Abstract The automatic tracking technique used by Thorncroft and Hodges has been used to identify coherent vorticity structures at 850 hPa over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis. The presence of two dominant source regions, north and south of 15°N over West Africa, for storm tracks over the Atlantic was confirmed. Results show that the southern storm track provides most of the storms that reach the main development region where most tropical cyclones develop. There exists marked seasonal variability in location and intensity of the storms leaving the West African coast, which may influence the likelihood of downstream intensification and longevity. There exists considerable year-to-year variability in the number of West African storm tracks, both in numbers over the land and continuing out over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. While the low-frequency variability is well correlated with Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, West African rainfall, and SSTs, the interannual variability is found to be uncorrelated with these. In contrast, variance of the 2–6-day-filtered meridional wind, which provides a synoptic-scale measure of African easterly wave activity, shows a significant, positive correlation with tropical cyclone activity at interannual time scales.
openalex: W1977067823 mag: 1977067823
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SPECTRAL P-WAVE MAGNITUDES, MAGNITUDE SPECTRA AND OTHER SOURCE PARAMETERS FOR THE 1990 SOUTHERN SUDAN AND THE 2005 LAKE TANGANYIKA EARTHQUAKES - Hussein, H. M. (Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 2007)
Abstract Teleseismic Broadband seismograms of P-waves from the May 1990 southern Sudan and the December, 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquakes; the western branch of the East African Rift System at different azimuths have been investigated on the basis of magnitude spectra. The two earthquakes are the largest shocks in the East African Rift System and its extension in southern Sudan. Focal mechanism solutions along with geological evidences suggest that the first event represents a complex style of the deformation at the intersection of the northern branch of the western branch of the East African Rift and Aswa Shear Zone while the second one represents the current tensional stress on the East African Rift. The maximum average spectral magnitude for the first event is determined to be 6.79 at 4 s period compared to 6.33 at 4 s period for the second event. The other source parameters for the two earthquakes were also estimated. The first event had a seismic moment over fourth that of the second one. The two events are radiated from patches of faults having radii of 13.05 and 7.85 km, respectively. The average displacement and stress drop are estimated to be 0.56 m and 1.65 MPa for the first event and 0.43 m and 2.20 MPa for the second one. The source parameters that describe inhomogeneity of the fault are also determined from the magnitude spectra. These additional parameters are complexity, asperity radius, displacements across the asperity and ambient stress drop. Both events produce moderate rupture complexity. Compared to the second event, the first event is characterized by relatively higher complexity, a low average stress drop and a high ambient stress. A reasonable explanation for the variations in these parameters may suggest variation in the strength of the seismogenic fault which provides the relations between the different source parameters. The values of stress drops and the ambient stresses estimated for both events indicate that these earthquakes are of interplate type.
openalex: W2889046524 mag: 2889046524
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Developing teacher educators: a technocratic rationality versus critical practical inquiry—the Ethiopian experience - Hussein, Jeylan Wolyie (Journal of in-service education, 2007)
This paper is an experience‐based reflection. Its aim is two‐fold. The first is to critique the technocratic model of developing teacher educators. The second is to speak in favour of the potential values of critical practitioner inquiry (CPI). I do this by presenting how I, together with a group of my colleagues, benefited from the project. Our experience shows that CPI emphasizes the possibility of transforming practitioners' personal, professional and social perspectives and encourages practitioners to sense and transform factors that perpetuate injustice and inequality in schools and wider society. The paper argues that CPI enables teachers and teacher educators to work towards making their students become conscious of where they are politically, socially, economically and structurally. However, CPI, like any other professional development project, cannot occur in a vacuum. The paper stresses that its transformative potential is constrained by various institutional and personal factors.
openalex: W1969284167 mag: 1969284167
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HIV/AIDS perception and sexual behaviour among Nigerian University students. - Ike, SO; Aniebue, PN (PubMed, 2007)
To evaluate the knowledge and perception of undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria with regards to HIV/AIDS and determine their sexual behaviour.This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to the students to collect relevant information on their sociodemographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS awareness, sexual behaviour, willingness to screen and disposition to people living with HIV/AIDS RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy nine students between 16 to 40 years of age responded, out of 600. Majority (55%) heard about HIV/AIDS through the media. Seventy two percent believed viruses cause HIV/AIDS but 27% thought it was God's anger or witches. Forty four percent were (genitally) sexually active or engaging in pre/extramarital sexual intercourse and only two-thirds of these used condoms for these purposes. Ninety one percent of those not using condoms simply did not like it or admitted it was unavailable. More than 70% had never had a HIV screening test, mostly due to reluctance or fear. Ninety two percent would lovingly care for a HIV/AIDS patient.Information on HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour to this vulnerable and most economically important group is still inadequate, as reflective of the society. Appropriate information, education and communication strategies must be packaged towards these students, with efforts made to reinforce their positive trends.
openalex: W1507351189 mag: 1507351189
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : South Africa Country Report - Isaacs, Shafika (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
openalex: W2108510412 mag: 2108510412
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Towards Establishing an Integrated System of Quality Assurance in South African Higher Education Libraries - Jager, Karin de (IFLA Journal, 2007)
Recent demands for evidence of quality and the impact of library services on teaching and research require libraries to demonstrate accountability and responsiveness to a divergent range of user needs. In 2004 the Committee for Higher Education Librarians in South Africa (CHELSA) recognized a need for an agreed set of criteria, standards and models for quality assurance and the critical success factors for self assessment in university libraries. CHELSA therefore established its own Quality Assurance Subcommittee to provide libraries with clear and practical direction in preparing for mandated national higher education quality audits and to operationalize an ongoing process of library performance evaluation according to agreed measures. The author, a member of this Subcommittee, charts the progress towards building consensus and establishing an integrated system and process of quality assurance at South African university libraries on the basis of international standards.
openalex: W2119932725 mag: 2119932725
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Cameroon Country Report - Josue, Tetang Tchinda (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev) - supported survey of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. Cameroon is among the sub-Saharan African countries that are making enormous progress in the use of the ICTs in the various development sectors, including education. Private schools introduced ICTs into their curricula in the 1990s, but there is no specific policy guiding the teaching or use of ICTs in education, which has lead to each private school applying its own teaching method or program. ICTs were officially introduced into education in 2001 by the president. The Cyber Education Project launched since then by the government targets two sectors: secondary and tertiary education. Primary schools are not yet concerned. The project started a slowly, but is now gaining speed. The French government plays a great role in the implementation and is a major partner both financially and technically. Major achievements include establishing Multimedia Resources Centre's (MRCs) in universities, professional and technological schools, and some government secondary schools; training monitors to manage MRCs; creating learning platforms; interconnecting the six state universities; and establishing training units in professional schools and universities, some of which are now operational.
openalex: W2145693546 mag: 2145693546
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The economic impact of climate change on Kenyan crop agriculture: A Ricardian approach - Kabubo-Mariara, Jane; Karanja, Fredrick K (Global and Planetary Change, 2007)
This paper measures the economic impact of climate on crops in Kenya. We use cross-sectional data on climate, hydrological, soil and household level data for a sample of 816 households. We estimate a seasonal Ricardian model to assess the impact of climate on net crop revenue per acre. The results show that climate affects crop productivity. There is a non-linear relationship between temperature and revenue on one hand and between precipitation and revenue on the other. Estimated marginal impacts suggest that global warming is harmful for crop productivity. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have a substantial impact on net crop revenue in Kenya. The results also show that the temperature component of global warming is much more important than precipitation. Findings call for monitoring of climate change and dissemination of information to farmers to encourage adaptations to climate change. Improved management and conservation of available water resources, water harvesting and recycling of wastewater could generate water for irrigation purposes especially in the arid and semi-arid areas.
openalex: W2168528003 mag: 2168528003
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Drug efficacy of praziquantel and albendazole in school children in Mwea Division, Central Province, Kenya - Kihara, Jimmy; Muhoho, Ngethe D.; Njomo, Doris W.; Mwobobia, Isaac K.; Josyline, Kaburi C.; Mitsui, Yoshinori; Awazawa, T.; Amano, Tomoko; Mwandawiro, Charles (Acta Tropica, 2007)
The objective of this research was to assess drug efficacy in school children after mass chemotherapy with praziquantel and albendazole conducted in Mwea Division, Kirinyaga District, Central Kenya in 2004. In total 2300 children aged between 4 and 18 years in five primary schools were selected for the study. Before mass chemotherapy, prevalence of infection was 47.4% for Schistosoma mansoni, 16.7% for Necator americanus, 1.6% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 0.8% for Trichuris trichiura. Post-treatment stool examination was carried out 8 weeks later, and a total of 1942 stool samples were collected. Prevalence decreased to 8.6% for S. mansoni, 0.2% for N. americunus, 0 for A. lumbricoides, and 0.6% for T. trichiura. Efficacy was good for S. mansoni and N. americanus (92.6% and 95.0%, respectively). Results of the first round of treatment of school-age children in Mwea indicate a good reduction in parasite burden.
openalex: W2074527307 mag: 2074527307
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A Development of Teaching and Learning Materials for African Music-Centered on Music of Senegal and Kenya - Kim, Yong Hee; Bang, Keumju (Gyoyug gwajeong pyeong'ga yeon'gu, 2007)
This study suggested the teaching and learning strategies of African music for Korean elementary students. African music has been attracted by many musicologists due to its lively rhythms, unique tonal systems, polyphonic textures and other musical characteristics. Especially, its vivid rhythm and accompanying dance draw much interests of elementary students. This study did not only developed the teaching and learning materials but also tried to enhance the values of human rights, anti-bias and respect in elementary students
openalex: W2899674787 mag: 2899674787
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Influence of parental marital status on self-esteem, discipline and interpersonal relationships among secondary school students within Nakuru Municipality, Kenya - Kimani, James Mwaura (2007)
openalex: W2588541851 mag: 2588541851
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Successful Distance Education Programs In Sub-Saharan Africa - Leary, John H.; Berge, Zane L. (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2007)
This paper explains the purposes, delivery methods, and program characteristics of successful distance education (DE) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper investigates the design and delivery systems of these programs and identifies ways the DE programs are working to improve. There are about 150 formidable distance education programs working in SSA. They aim to increase and improve a variety of existing programs, including primary and high school education, college-level and graduate programs, language training, teacher training, and continuing education for adults. The primary delivery system used by most institutions consists of printed manuals and texts that are distributed to all students. Despite the continued development of information and communication technology (ICT), including videos, online training modules, and web-based training (WBT) systems, traditional DE delivery methods continue to prove as the most reliable, most sustainable, and most widely used.
openalex: W2189621650 mag: 2189621650
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Back-analysis of liquefaction in the 2006 Mozambique earthquake - López‐Querol, Susana; Coop, M. R.; Bommer, Julian J.; Fenton, Clark; Sim, W.W. (Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards, 2007)
A magnitude 7 earthquake occurred in southwest Mozambique in February 2006, triggering extensive liquefaction around the fault rupture. Samples were recovered from the liquefied soils for laboratory testing to calibrate a numerical model for the assessment of liquefaction susceptibility. Laboratory tests and simulations confirm that the alluvial sands from the area affected by the earthquake have a very high susceptibility to liquefaction, although this depends strongly on the in situ density, which is likely to be low since the soils are deposited in a major flood plain. Since many areas of Mozambique, including parts of the major coastal cities, are on similarly loose and saturated deposits, there could be a significant liquefaction hazard in future earthquakes.
openalex: W2077504623 mag: 2077504623
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Ensuring the Supply of and Creating Demand for a Biofortified Crop with a Visible Trait: Lessons Learned from the Introduction of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato in Drought-Prone Areas of Mozambique - Low, Jan; Arimond, Mary; Osman, Nadia; Cunguara, Benedito; Zano, Filipe; Tschirley, David L. (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2007)
Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising biofortified crop for sub-Saharan Africa because it has high levels of provitamin A carotenoids, the formed vitamin A is bioavailable, and white-fleshed sweet potato is already widely grown.To examine whether farmers will adopt varieties with a distinct visible trait, young children will eat OFSP in sufficient quantities to improve vitamin A intake, OFSP can serve as an entry point for promoting a more diversified diet, and lessons can be drawn to assure sustained adoption.The 2-year quasi-experimental intervention study followed households and children (n = 741; mean age, 13 months at baseline) through two agricultural cycles in drought prone-areas of Mozambique.OFSP is acceptable to farmers when introduced by using an integrated approach. In the second year, intervention children (n = 498) were more likely than control children (n = 243) to have consumed OFSP (54% vs. 4%), dark-green leaves (60% vs. 46%), or ripe papaya (65% vs. 42%) on 3 or more days in the previous week (p < .001 for all comparisons). Their vitamin A intakes were nearly eight times higher than those of control children (median, 426 vs. 56 1g RAE [retinol activity equivalents], p < .001). Diet diversification was limited by difficult agroecological conditions and low purchasing power. However, dietary diversity was higher among intervention than control children (32% vs. 9% consuming food from more than four groups; p < .001).An integrated OFSP-based approach had a positive impact on the vitamin A intake of young children. A market development component and improved vine multiplication systems are recommended to assure sustained adoption.
openalex: W162172861 mag: 162172861
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Extending HIV/AIDS-Prevention Efforts in Kenya: Primary Schools as Community-Based Organizations - Luginaah, Isaac; Maticka‐Tyndale, Eleanor; Kairi, Wambui; Wildish, Janet; Brouillard-Coyle, Chris (Environment and Planning C-government and Policy, 2007)
The question of whether primary schools in Kenya can take on community-based activities beyond their day-to-day functioning, emerged from a larger HIV/AIDS education and prevention program—Primary School Action for Better Health (PSABH). The methodology involved both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative component was based on 163 schools, which were involved in the larger PSABH program. Qualitative analysis was based on consultative meetings with twenty key informants and follow-up focus-group discussions with representatives from eight schools involved in community-based activities. The results suggest that in this context schools have strong community ties, with most of them willing to take up community-based organization (CBO)-related activities beyond their day-to-day functioning. Schools were more likely to take on CBO-related activities, such as support for orphans, if they had a higher proportion of female teachers, a school sponsor that was involved in the selection of the head teacher, more Parent Teacher Association meetings, and if HIV/AIDS was incorporated into community festivals. A school's involvement was reinforced if it performed well in the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education examination, if the school's head teacher was committed, and if most of the teachers were from the local community. Despite several challenges, the findings point to the need to take schools seriously in their duty as CBOs which can have a positive impact in mitigating not only the effects of HIV/AIDS, but also other community-development activities in ravaged sub-Saharan African countries. The proposed expansion of PSABH further puts Kenyan schools in a stronger position to be involved in their communities through CBO-related activities.
openalex: W2061489558 mag: 2061489558
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Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Moroccan Version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire - Mâaroufi, Houda; Benbouazza, Karima; Faïk, Afaf; Bahiri, R.; Lazrak, N.; Abouqal, Rédouane; Amine, Bouchra; Hajjaj–Hassouni, N. (Spine, 2007)
In Brief Study Design. Cross-cultural adaptation and cross-sectional psychometric testing. Objectives. To translate and culturally adapt the Moroccan version of the Roland Morris disability Questionnaire and to validate its use for assessing disability in Moroccan patients with low back pain (LBP). Summary of Background Data. The RMDQ is a reliable evaluation instrument for LBP disability, but no validated Moroccan version is available. Methods. The RMDQ was translated and back-translated to dialectal Arabic, pretested, and reviewed by a committee following the Guillemin criteria. It was then validated on 76 Moroccan patients with chronic LBP. Reliability for the 1-week test-retest was assessed using internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and the constructed Bland Altman plot. Structure validity was evaluated by multiple correspondence analysis. External construct validity was assessed by association with pain, spinal mobility, and other key variables (weight, height, duration of LBP). Results. The reproducibility of the 24 items was satisfactory with a kappa statistic of agreement superior to 0.6 except item 10 and ranging from 0.47 to 0.9. The intraclass correlation coefficient for global score reproducibility was good and reached 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.95). The constructed Bland and Altman plot for test-retest agreement showed a good reliability. The internal consistency was very good with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96. The multiple correspondence analysis for internal structure validity showed a preponderant factor explaining 22% of the variance in the score. The construct validity showed a positive correlation between RMDQ and the visual analog scale (r = 0.32; P = 0.005). There was no statistic correlation between RMDQ and the other variables. Conclusion. The Moroccan version of the RMDQ has good comprehensibility internal consistency, reliability, and validity for the evaluation of Moroccan-speaking patients with LBP. The purpose of this study was to translate the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire into Moroccan language with cultural adaptation following the Guillemin criteria and to validate its use among Moroccan back pain patients. This Moroccan version has good comprehensibility, reliability, and validity for the evaluation of Moroccan-speaking patients with low back pain.
openalex: W2038525819 mag: 2038525819
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Psychoactive substance use among medical students in a Nigerian university. - Makanjuola, A B; Daramola, T; Obembe, A (PubMed, 2007)
The study was aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among medical students in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. All consenting medical students were requested to compile a 22-item modified, pilot-tested semi- structured self-report questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's guidelines for student substance use survey. It was found that the most currently used substances were mild stimulants (33.3%), alcohol (13.6%), sedatives (7.3%) and tobacco (3.2%). Except for tobacco, the use of these substances seemed to be only instrumental. Substance use was directly associated with male gender, living alone, self-reported study difficulty, being a clinical student, and being aged 25 years or more. There was an inverse relationship of substance use with religiosity and good mental health.
openalex: W1982088621 mag: 1982088621
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Factors associated with poor performance of learners in mathematics and physical science in secondary schools in Soshanguve, South Africa - Makgato, Moses (Africa Education Review, 2007)
Abstract This paper presents a non-experimental, exploratory and descriptive study of learners and educators from seven Soshanguve secondary schools in order to learn more about factors that possibly contribute to lack of success in mathematics and physical sciences in the 11th grade. The paper focuses primarily on the learners’ and educators’ perceptions of why learners perform badly in Grade 11 and 12 mathematics and physical science. The methodology used includes data collected through unstructured interviews and the use of matric results made available by the Department of Education. The following categories of factors contributing to poor performance of learners in mathematics and physical science were identified: laboratory apparatus, teacher's content knowledge, time management, parents’ commitment to children's education, motivation and interest and teaching strategies.
openalex: W2073194408 mag: 2073194408
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Demise, renaissance or existence of LIS education in Ethiopia: Curriculum, employers’ expectations and professionals’ dreams - Mammo, Wondimeneh (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and Information Science (LIS) education in Ethiopia started in the late 1950s, passing through several ups and downs. In an attempt to assess the status of LIS education in Ethiopia, the reasons for the closure of the first Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS) program, review of strengths and weaknesses of existing LIS programs, the reasons for discontent of employers on the services provided by LIS professionals as well as the reasons for the dissatisfaction of the LIS professionals were investigated. Interviews (for LIS employers) and questionnaires (for LIS employees) were administered at selected organizations. Some of the general findings of the study are that the BLIS program at the Addis Ababa University was changed to a pure Information Systems program due to university-wide curriculum review initiatives; the current BLIS program at Jimma University is the strongest in addressing the limitations and expectations identified by LIS employers; and the reasons for the dissatisfaction of LIS professionals are pay, promotion, benefits, rewards, procedures and communication aspects of their job. LIS professionals believe that their qualifications are inadequate for performing their job.
openalex: W2061518701 mag: 2061518701
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Demise, renaissance or existence of LIS education in Ethiopia: Curriculum, employers’ expectations and professionals’ dreams - Mammo, Wondimeneh (International Information & Library Review, 2007)
Library and Information Science (LIS) education in Ethiopia started in the late 1950s, passing through several ups and downs. In an attempt to assess the status of LIS education in Ethiopia, the reasons for the closure of the first Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS) program, review of strengths and weaknesses of existing LIS programs, the reasons for discontent of employers on the services provided by LIS professionals as well as the reasons for the dissatisfaction of the LIS professionals were investigated. Interviews (for LIS employers) and questionnaires (for LIS employees) were administered at selected organizations. Some of the general findings of the study are that the BLIS program at the Addis Ababa University was changed to a pure Information Systems program due to university-wide curriculum review initiatives; the current BLIS program at Jimma University is the strongest in addressing the limitations and expectations identified by LIS employers; and the reasons for the dissatisfaction of LIS professionals are pay, promotion, benefits, rewards, procedures and communication aspects of their job. LIS professionals believe that their qualifications are inadequate for performing their job.
openalex: W4256304351
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Evaluation of Education Programme for Girls in Nomadic Areas of Gao, Mali - Mana, Aly Teyeni (2007)
This Education Programme for girls in nomadic areas of Gao, Mali, began in May 2001 with the objective of improving the schooling of girls in this region. This evaluation considers how far the programme has improved education in terms of access, quality and gender balance, and examines how far the programme has contributed to the emergence of a civil society as a force for change in education. The evaluation also highlights useful lessons for the development of a new education programme in the Sahel.
openalex: W2210931341 mag: 2210931341
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Sierra Leone Country Report - Mangesi, Kofi (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
openalex: W421121421 mag: 421121421
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To greener pastures : transnational teacher migration from South Africa : research article - Manik, Sadhana (Perspectives in Education, 2007)
Globalisation of the world economy has intensified migration in the twenty-first century. Professionals are vulnerable to transnational migration and the trend is for professionals from developing countries to fill labour gaps in developed countries. South Africa's (SA) inclusion in the world labour market suggests that she is not immune. She is losing workers in five fields: health, teaching, engineering, accounting and information technology. Whilst, research has focused on migration in health and science there is a dearth of literature on teacher migration. This article provides a discussion of migrant teacher heterogeneity and complexity of their thinking by focusing on the migration of South African teachers to the United Kingdom (UK) and their return. Three aspects of teacher migration are discussed: teachers' motivations for leaving SA, their experiences in the UK and their reasons for returning. The study revealed two cohorts of teachers leaving SA to pursue socio-economic and career opportunities abroad. In the UK migrants were bombarded by conflicting experiences in schools and society. Poor student discipline, loneliness and climate led to a stream of return migration, but within a year remigration was being considered. The article concludes by calling for further research to contribute to a greater understanding of teacher migration.
openalex: W1534270670 mag: 1534270670
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Linking environment and development, easier said than done: learning from the Zimbabwean experience - Manjengwa, Jeanette (Development Southern Africa, 2007)
Despite the popularity of the concept of sustainable development, there is growing evidence that, globally, human enterprise is becoming less sustainable rather than more. This paper examines this concept and the difficulty of linking it with environmental concerns. Developing countries emphasise economic growth and the eradication of poverty as prerequisites for sustainable development, but despite national strategies and programmes, implementation, especially in Africa, remains weak and fraught with problems. Focusing on national strategies for sustainable development in Zimbabwe, this paper highlights the fragmented and sectoral approach that results in low impact. Agenda 21 as a blueprint for sustainable development underestimates the complexities of diverse situations on the ground and the political and socio-economic realities of development that are in constant flux. Sustainable development initiatives fail to successfully integrate development with environmental concerns, poverty is not adequately addressed, and conservation is regarded as merely an income-generating luxury.
openalex: W1994148090 mag: 1994148090
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Incidence and risk factors for low birth weight among term singletons at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. - Mbazor, O J; Umeora, Ouj (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2007)
OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (less than 2500g) is a cause of increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with delivery of low birth weight singletons at term at UBTH, Benin City. STUDY DESIGN: This was a review of retrospective data extracted from the case records of all booked parturients who had low birth weight singletons at term at the Teaching Hospital over a four-year period. Booked parturients just before and after each case who had normal birth weight infants at term served as controls. RESULTS: Term low birth weight singletons constituted 3.4% of the 4735 term deliveries at the UBTH Benin City. Six parameters were found to have significant association with term low birth weight delivery. Birth interval of less than 2 years lost this association after controlling for confounding variables. Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was the most significant risk factors isolated. Others were nulliparity, social classes IV and V, and maternal anaemia. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight in term infants is a major determinant of neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. All isolated risk factors but nulliparity are amenable to antenatal management.
openalex: W1796035148 mag: 1796035148
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Factors contributing to the failure to use condoms among students in Zambia - Mbulo, Lazarous; Newman, Ian M.; Shell, Duane F. (Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 2007)
openalex: W80212841 mag: 80212841
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Climate change impacts on animal husbandry in Africa: a Ricardian analysis - Mendelsohn, Robert; Seo, S. Niggol (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
This paper analyzes the impact of climate change on animal husbandry in Africa. It regresses the net revenue from raising animals in small and large farms across Africa on climate, soil, and other control variables to test the climate sensitivity of livestock. The study is based on a survey of over 9,000 farmers across 11 countries conducted by the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility. From this dataset, 5,400 farms were found to rely on livestock. The paper develops models to test whether the climate coefficients of small and large farms are similar. It turns out that small farms tend to be more labor intensive, rely on native stocks, and have few animals. Large farms tend to be more commercial operations, with much larger stocks and more modern approaches. The analysis finds that warming is good for small farms because they can substitute animals that are heat tolerant. Large farms, by contrast, are more dependent on cattle, which are not heat tolerant. The wetter scenarios are likely to be harmful to grazing animals because greater rainfall implies a shift from grasslands to forests, an increase in harmful disease vectors, and a shift from livestock to crops. Overall, because large farms dominate the sector, African livestock net revenues are expected to fall. However, if future climates turn out to be dry, livestock net revenue will increase. At least against the risk of dryness, livestock offer a good substitute for crops.
openalex: W3121448396 mag: 3121448396
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Is Entrepreneurial Education at South African Universities Successful? - Mentoor, E.R.; Friedrich, Christian (Industry and Higher Education, 2007)
After more than ten years of democracy in South Africa, many of the previously disadvantaged segments of the community, especially Blacks, would have hoped that a new economic order would have been created. Instead, South Africa still has very high unemployment and even young Black South Africans with a degree are not guaranteed a job. The purpose of this research was to ascertain whether a traditional first-year university business management course with an entrepreneurial component can contribute to the entrepreneurial orientation of students. The major features of entrepreneurs and innovators are knowledge, skills and attitudes. While the imparting of knowledge and the development of skills development receive, respectively, thorough and sketchy attention in formal education, attitude is hardly addressed. The need for achievement, innovation, locus of control and self-esteem are the variables of attitude that have been most commonly used in research on business motivation and the entrepreneur. To determine the success of an enterprise education course, therefore, the change in attitude of the students can be used as a measure. The instrument that was used to gauge the entrepreneurial attitude orientation of the students was an adaptation of an Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) scale. The authors tested 463 students using a pre-test and post-test approach, incorporating an experimental group and a control group. The results of this study do not augur well for the improvement of the entrepreneurial orientation of students.
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Student Success Skills: A Promising Program to Close the Academic Achievement Gap for African American and Latino Students - Miranda, Alexis O.; Webb, Linda; Brigman, Greg; Peluso, Paul R. (Professional School Counseling, 2007)
Academic achievement data from four previous Student Success Skills (SSS) studies were aggregated and examined to determine if there were differential effects in improved test scores among White, Latino, and African American students. Results showed that posttest scores for the treatment group were significantly higher than the comparison group in math as well as reading. There were no interactions or main effects for ethnicity. White, Latino, and African American students showed similar gains after SSS participation.
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A Bayesian approach towards facilitating climate change adaptation research on the South African agricultural sector - Musango, Josephine Kaviti; Peter, Camaren (Agrekon, 2007)
Abstract Evaluating the range of proposed adaptation measures to combat the sensitivity of agriculture to climate change effects involves evaluating complex interactions between human and natural systems. Integrated strategy-making and implementation in the agricultural sector to reduce the risks posed by climate change requires the consideration of multiple, interdisciplinary factors and the sensitivities of their interrelationships. Lack of information on the sensitivity of agricultural activities to climate change in Africa hampers climate change adaptation research on the region. In water scarce South Africa, the growth of the agricultural sector is threatened by projected decreases in water availability due to climate change. This paper shows how Bayesian networks may be used to facilitate cross-disciplinary participation in elucidating these sensitivities. Bayesian networks provide a graphical framework for mixing quantitative and qualitative information and can be characterised using information associated with varying degrees of uncertainty. This enables a variety of domain experts to test key driver-response interactions through sensitivity analysis and enables visualisation of the complex inter-relationships between inter-disciplinary variables resulting from the impacts of climate change scenarios on South African agriculture. The ability to represent the sensitivities between key variables for which varying degrees of data-scarcity and uncertainty occur provides agricultural sector researchers with a facilitation tool that may helps visualise and formulate climate change mitigation strategies. The results presented here illustrates the extreme sensitivity of water-scarce South African agricultural sector to projected climate change impacts and provides a framework in which tradeoffs between activities can be preliminarily assessed in strategy-making for adaptation.
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Modernization of Library and Information Services in Higher Education in Swaziland: strategic interventions, 2000/1—2005/6 - Muswazi, Paiki; Yumba, Dickson (IFLA Journal, 2007)
This is a discussion of the implementation of the University of Swaziland (UNISWA) strategic plan 2000/1—2005/6. The goal of the article is to assess the impact of the information technology, policies and procedures, collaboration, funding, management, human resources development, preservation, marketing and information service delivery strategies on the modernization of its library and information services (LIS). It is argued that UNISWA has effected considerable staff re-skilling and made some progress towards widening access to quality subscription based electronic resources and optimizing the utilization of open access materials. Implementation was negatively influenced by low funding, limited local content on the web, inadequate information and communication technology infrastructure, scarce professional skills, and restrictive policies and procedures. It concludes that further work revolving around the above factors, taking into account user needs for independent life long learning, is the key to deepening the modernization of LIS at UNISWA.
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Piloting school-based continuous assessment at middle basic level : the Zambian approach - Mweemba, Gabriel; Chilala, Michael (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2007)
Over the years, national school examinations in Zambia have been used for the certification and selection of candidates at primary, junior secondary and senior secondary school levels. School-based continuous assessment marks have been neither considered nor used for certification and selection except in some practical subjects. In 1977, educational reforms provided for the use of continuous assessment, but this provision has not generally been applied. The Ministry of Education policy document, Educating Our Future (1996), stipulates that the Ministry of Education will develop procedures that will enable teachers to standardize their assessment methods and tasks for use as an integral part of the teaching and learning process. The Ministry of Education's Strategic Plan 2003-2007 re-emphasizes the need for integrating school-based continuous assessment results with the final examination results for the purposes of certification and selection. This paper provides a theoretical framework driving the formalization of the use of continuous assessment in our schools and discusses the measures Zambia is taking to standardize the school-based continuous assessment procedures, as well as the adopted approaches towards piloting the school-based continuous assessment programme. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and the way forward for the programme.
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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTCS AND URANIUM-THORIUM DISTRBUTION OF BASALTIC ROCKS FROM DOKHAN VOLCANICS, QIFT-QUESEIR ROAD, EASTERN DESERT OF EGYPT - Nahas, Atef A. El (Delta Journal of Science, 2007)
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Decentralization and Education in Uganda - Namukasa, Immaculate Kizito; Buye, Ronald (Comparative and international education (London, Ont.), 2007)
Uganda is one of the African countries that have decentralized its education system. This country-specific paper examines the implementation process and the way forward to decentralizing education in a developing country. There have been gains and challenges from decentralization and processes linked to it. While the implementation of Universal Primary Education in 1997 increased significantly school enrollment aas well as the number of classrooms; on the other hand, student-teacher and student-resources ratio also increased, and corruption and mismanagement of resources remained a challenge. Uganda est un des pays d'Afrique qui ont décentralisé leur système d'enseignement. Cet article spécifique sur un seul pays examine les processus d'exécution et la façon d'avancer la décentralisation dans un pays au cours de développement. Il y a des gains et aussi des problèmes provenant de la décentralisation et des processus qui l'accompagnent. L'application de la loi "Éducation primaire universelle" en 1997 a augmenté considérablement l' effectif des écoles et le nombre des classes mais le rapport élèves/instructeurs ainsi que celui entre élèves et ressources ont aussi augmenté, et la corruption et la mauvaise administration des ressources constituent encore des obstacles.
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Bullying in public secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya - Ndetei, David M.; Ongecha-Owuor, Francisca; Khasakhala, Lincoln; Syanda, Judy; Mutiso, Victoria; Othieno, Caleb; Odhiambo, Gideon; Kokonya, Donald (Journal of child and adolescent mental health (Print), 2007)
The prevalence and frequency of bullying in Nairobi public secondary schools in particular and in Kenyan schools in general is not known. Knowledge of the extent of the problem is essential in developing effective interventions.To study the prevalence and frequency of bullying in Nairobi public secondary schools, Kenya.A self-report sociodemographic questionnaire and the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire of 1991 were administered to 1 012 students from a stratified sample of public secondary schools in Nairobi.Between 63.2% (640) and 81.8% (828) of students reported various types of bullying, both direct and indirect, with significant variations found for sex, age, class and year of study, whether in day or boarding school, and the place where bullied. Being bullied was significantly associated with becoming a bully, in turn.Bullying is highly prevalent in Kenyan schools. Further studies are needed to characterise bullies and victims in terms of personality and environmental factors that may be associated with or conducive to bullying, as well as to determine the long-term prognosis for both bullies and victims. Further research is also required to determine the most appropriate intervention.
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?I have changed my mind now?: U.S. Students' Responses to Female Genital Cutting in Africa - Ntarangwi, Mwenda (Africa Today, 2007)
Few topics seem to rile students as much as genital cutting (FGC), even in a classroom characterized by moderate discussion. Two discussion threads usually emerge: one is outright condemnation of the practice, including labeling it female genital mutilation, and the other is some display of cultural relativity which leads, for the most part, to its reluctant acceptance. These responses replicate the basic arguments used today in a variety of forums in and outside of Africa, and range from public-health initiatives to missionary efforts to local and federal policies aimed at regulating FGC. Students may well participate in one or more of those forums in the future. I am therefore interested in teaching about FGC as an important topic in and of itself, while utilizing the topic to introduce anthropological analyses. This paper seeks these goals by juxtaposing two learning experiences: one in the classroom and another in the field. How can the controversy surrounding FGC be operationalized to teach anthropological analyses? What happens when students have an opportunity to talk with women who have themselves undergone FGC and support the practice? Drawing on Lyons's definition of FGC as a polythetic category and using student responses, I demonstrate ways in which the topic of FGC can be incorporated into courses so that students learn to develop empathy, responsiveness to its complex cultural contexts, and understandings that allow them to formulate meaningful and more informed positions with respect to it.
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The metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions among urbanised black South Africans with established coronary artery disease - Ntyintyane, Lucas; Panz, Vanessa R.; Raal, Frederick J.; Gill, Geoffrey (Journal Of Endocrinology, Metabolism And Diabetes Of South Africa, 2007)
Background. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) introduced a new definition of the metabolic syndrome (MS) that emphasises ethnic-specific cut-offs for waist circumference (WC).Objective. To compare MS prevalence rates using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP: ATP III) and IDF definitions.Methods. Anthropometric data, fasting biochemical variables and MS prevalence rates were measured in 40 black patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Glucose metabolism was assessed using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and insulin-mediated glucose disposal (M-value) was evaluated using the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique.Results. Based on the NCEP: ATP III definition, MS prevalence was 60% and using the IDF definition, it was 57.5%. The two definitions similarly classified ∼83% of patients as being MS positive or MS negative. Lower WC cut-offs in the IDF definition classified greater numbers of men and women as having WC as a risk factor—IDF v. NCEP: ATP III men 57.6% v. 36.4%; women 100% v. 71.4%. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in 12 of the 40 patients (30%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in 8 (20%). Mean M-value was reduced in IGT and DM groups compared with the normal group, significantly so in the DM group (p = 0.01).Conclusions. NCEP: ATP III and IDF definitions both generated similar MS prevalence estimates. The two definitions similarly identified the presence or absence of the MS in the majority of patients. The IDF definition classified greater numbers of men and women as having WC as a risk factor. There was a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed IGT and DM in our South African black patients with established CAD.
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Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. Nigeria. - Ob, da Lilly-Tariah; Ao, Somefun (PubMed, 2007)
To evaluate the causes, clinical features and treatment of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.Patients with traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane from August 2003 to February 2005 were evaluated clinically to determine the cause and the site of perforation. They had pure tone audiometry done. Treated by non- surgical means and followed up.Fifty- eight (8.6%) patients with traumatic perforation were seen among 676 patients with aural diseases. Average age was 27.56 years. Causes of traumatic perforation were, fights with spouse 27.6%, street fights 19%, instrumentation 17.2% and state security agents 15.5%. Hearing loss 94.8%, tinnitus 84.5% and otalgia 67.2% were common complaints. 63.8% had perforation in the lower half of pars tensa. 42.4% had mild conductive hearing impairment. 29.3% healed within 3 weeks.Physical blow to the ear was the commonest cause of tympanic perforation.
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Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa: A Review of the Literature - Oketch, Moses; Rolleston, Caine (2007)
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are among the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which have recently implemented policies for free primary education, motivated in part by renewed democratic accountability following the re-emergence of multi-party politics in the 1990s. However, it is not the first time that the goal of expanding primary education has been pursued by these three neighbouring countries which have much in common. Since the 1960s, they have attempted to expand access at various levels of their education systems albeit with differences in philosophy and in both the modes and successes of implementation. All three countries continue to face the challenges of enrolling every child in school, keeping them in school and ensuring that meaningful learning occurs for all enrolled children. This paper provides an a review of the three countries’ policies for expanding access to education, particularly with regard to equity and the enrolment of excluded groups since their political independence in the 1960s. It considers policies in the light of the countries’ own stated goals alongside the broader international agendas set by the Millennium Development Goals and in particular, ‘Education for All’. It is concerned with the following questions: What led to those policies and how were they funded? What was the role, if any, of the international community in the formulation of those policies? What were the politics and philosophies surrounding the formulation of those policies, have the policies changed over time, and if so how and why? The paper also discusses the range of strategies for implementation adopted. Tremendous growth has occurred in access to primary education since the 1960s, not least in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The challenge of providing equitable access to schooling has been addressed in a series of education drives with varying motivations, modalities and degrees of success, the most recent of which pays attention to the increasingly pressing question of the transition to secondary education. The success of such policy remains to be seen but will be crucial for the widening of access to the benefits of education and to economic opportunity, particularly for those groups which history has so far excluded.
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Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa: A Review of the Literature. Create Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 10. - Oketch, Moses; Rolleston, Caine (2007)
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Commercial advertisement and cigarette smoking : a qualitative analysis of perceptions of students in selected Nigerian universities : physical education and health - Oladele, P.O.; Asaolu, T.O.; Toriola, A.L.; Elumilade, D.O.; Moselakgomo, V.K. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2007)
This study evaluated the perceptions of Nigerian university students concerning the influence of cigarette advertisement on their smoking habit. It also assessed the influences of smokers' age and significant others on their smoking habits. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD) technique from 566 smokers (503 males and 63 females) selected from among students of six universities in south-western Nigeria. Information obtained from the FGD was analysed qualitatively and presented in this study. Specifically, responses from the FGD was analysed based on the following : history of student's smoking habit, perceived smoking benefits, health hazards of smoking, advertisement and smoking, roles of families, friends and peers in preventing or promoting smoking habit and attitudes of smokers towards anti-smoking regulations in the country. The study concluded that cigarette advertisement had substantial influence on smoking habit among students in the Nigerian universities. Implications of the findings for designing smoking intervention programmes targeted at the youth are discussed.
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The Relationship between Funding, ICT, Selection Processes, Administration and Planning and the Standard of Science Teacher Education in Nigeria - Ololube, Nwachukwu Prince (Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 2007)
This study was motivated by the premise that no nation grows further than the quality of its education. The paper presents an investigation on the relationships between funding, ICT, selection processes, administration and planning and the standard of science teacher education in Nigeria. The data for the study was gathered through a two page questionnaire administered to 180 respondents who were accessible in the Faculties of Education and Schools of Education of selected institutions. In total, 154 questionnaires were retrieved, representing an 86% return rate. At the same time, the data was analyzed using the SPSS version 13.01 software program. The survey was carried out to discover the perception of university and College of Education
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Funding the Nigerian university education: the role of the various stakeholders. - Onuka, A. O. U. (2007)
This paper addresses the issue of funding the education sector which has assumed the centre-stage of discourse of education in Nigeria in recent times with particular reference to the Nigerian university system. The study sampled various stakeholders in the sector including parents, university management and administrators, students, academic staff, tax-payers, company executives with a view to determining the level to which funds are available to the university system in Nigeria, the adequacy of the funds to the needs of the system in order to produce the necessary quality graduates for national development and what could be done to ameliorated the shortfall in the current level funding the Nigerian university. Percentages and chi-square statistic were used to analyse the data .Among the findings were that the current level of funding the system is insufficient, the burden of funding is almost solely on government and parents, most of whom live below poverty line, the corporate bodies are seemingly averse to funding and would rather prefer to sponsor sports and other shows such as gambling that easily attract publicity. And that the present rot in the sector is largely due to lack of sufficient fund to finance the sector. Recommendations were made based these findings: corporate world in Nigeria, apart their contribution to the Education Task Fund, should invest in university education to ensure the production of quality graduates to be absorbed by them. Government should put more funds into the university system in order to address frontally the current abysmal decadence in the system. The greatly endowed individuals should endow these institution and fund researches as well.
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The prevalence pattern of external male genital defects among secondary school students in Enugu State of Nigeria. - Ozoemena, Ofn; Mbah, Anthony (Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2007)
BACKGROUND: Enugu State typifies a Third World environment where most deliveries occur outside the hospital setting. In such circumstances, hospital-based data about congenital defects are unreliable and call for special methods of approach. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and pattern of male external genital defects in Igbo male secondary school students in Nigeria. METHOD: Samples of male students aged 10 years and above seen in randomly selected secondary schools in Enugu State, of South-East Nigeria were guided through a protocol involving, self administered questionnaires, personal interviews and physical examinations for evidence and types of anomalies present in their external genitalia. The participating schools were selected by stratified random sampling; first by local government Areas (LGA) and then by schools. Consents for the study were obtained from Local Government Authorities, Heads of the schools and Parents' Teachers Associations, (PTA) Executives. RESULTS: Altogether, four urban and thirteen rural schools were studied, and a total of 6225 male students participated. Overall, 416 (6.8%) were identified with various types of external genital anomalies, with the prevalence observed being within, the ranges of population prevalence reported in the literature. The commonest types of anomalies encountered were crypto- orchidism with / or without scrotal hypoplasia 268 (4.30%), inguino- scrotal 56 (0.90%), and hydrocoeles 52 (0.83%). As many as 183 (44%) of those with congenital genital defects were not aware that they had them. CONCLUSION: External male genital defects among Igbos appear to be within the prevalence rate reported in the literature. However the ignorance rate of such defects is high within the Igbo society.
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ORL-HNS training in South Africa - Raychowdhary, Ranjan (Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2007)
An out line of the scheme of training specialists in Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) in South Africa is given and the difference with Indian training discussed
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Veterinary education in South Africa : the Classes of 1930 and 1931 : short historical communication - Rd, Bigalke (Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2007)
With only two students in the final year, the class of 1930 was the 2nd smallest in the history of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Noteworthy is that the class photograph is composed of individual shots of the graduates and that 1 photograph was taken several years after qualification. The photograph of the Class of 1931 is the more customary composite one. The Dean, Prof. P J du Toit, does not feature in either. Concise descriptions are given of the life histories of the 8 graduates. Again their careers show considerable variation. Two devoted their entire pre-retirement careers to South Africa's Division of Veterinary Services as state veterinarians, both reaching very senior positions. A third died shortly after leaving government service for private practice. None made a career out of research at Onderstepoort, although 2 had short stints at the Institute. One, said to have been the youngest veterinarian in the British Empire, spent the latter part of his relatively short life in a large Johannesburg practice as a specialist surgeon. Another was in military service for virtually his entire career. One had a very varied career, which included government service, private practice, research, public health and the pharmaceutical industry. One spent most of his impressive career in the Colonial Service in Swaziland and Tanganyika (now Tanzania) but eventually returned to private practice in South Africa, whereas another was similarly, but less conscientiously, involved in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and Swaziland. Two saw military service during World War II, one as Commanding Officer of a Regiment in the South African Artillery and the other in the South African Veterinary Corps.
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The Returns from Reducing Corruption: Evidence from Education in Uganda - Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob (2007)
What is the most effective way to increase primary school enrolment and student learning? We argue that innovations in governance of social services may yield the highest return since social service delivery in developing countries is often plagued by inefficiencies and corruption. We examine this hypothesis by exploiting an unusual policy experiment: A newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with information to monitor local officials' handling of a large education grant program. Combining survey and administrative data, we show that the campaign was successful, and the reduction in capture of funds had a positive effect on enrolment and student learning.
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The Returns from Reducing Corruption: Evidence from Education in Uganda - Reinikka, Ritva; Svensson, Jakob (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2007)
What is the most effective way to increase primary school enrolment and student learning? We argue that innovations in governance of social services may yield the highest return since social service delivery in developing countries is often plagued by inefficiencies and corruption. We examine this hypothesis by exploiting an unusual policy experiment: A newspaper campaign in Uganda aimed at reducing capture of public funds by providing schools (parents) with information to monitor local officials' handling of a large education grant program. Combining survey and administrative data, we show that the campaign was successful, and the reduction in capture of funds had a positive effect on enrolment and student learning.
openalex: W3126117953 mag: 3126117953
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A study on inflation credibility among students at the University of Pretoria : viewpoint, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 10 (1) 2007 : pp. 145-154 : errata - Rossouw, Jannie; Padayachee, Vishnu (South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 2007)
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A Preface to an Inclusive African Electoral System Reform Agenda - Salih, M. A. Mohamed; Hamdok, Abdalla (Journal of African elections, 2007)
The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of why African electoral systems should be reformed and how to do so in order to improve the quality of representation, participation, and government effectiveness.We attempt to offer a generic framework, a menu, so to speak, whereby African political parties and policy makers can reflect on the current state of play vis-à-vis their electoral systems and then decide whether a comprehensive or partial electoral reform agenda is needed.The paper also delineates the various institutions and stakeholders that should be involved in the electoral system reform process.This is a call to improve the reform process instead of entrusting it with a limited range of state-sponsored institutions, which often create more problems than those they contrive to solve.The paper is divided into four sections: a) a synoptic exposé of electoral reforms; b) the various types of electoral reforms and the factors which militate against them; c) lessons from the African experience with electoral system reforms; and d) an analysis of the main stakeholders required to steer a comprehensive electoral system reform agenda.
openalex: W70806257 mag: 70806257
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Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province - Samie, Amidou; Obi, C.L.; Tzipori, Saul; Weiss, Louis M.; Guerrant, Richard L. (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007)
Journal Article Microsporidiosis in South Africa: PCR detection in stool samples of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and school children in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province Get access A. Samie, A. Samie * aDepartment of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South AfricabCenter for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA *Corresponding author. Present address: Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3146, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Tel.: +1 434 924 5242; fax: +1 434 977 5323. E-mail addresses:samieamidou@yahoo.com, as8sd@virginia.edu (A. Samie) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.L. Obi, C.L. Obi cCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Tzipori, S. Tzipori dDivision of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, Grafton, MA 01536, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.M. Weiss, L.M. Weiss eAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Room 504 Forchheimer Building, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.L. Guerrant R.L. Guerrant bCenter for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 101, Issue 6, June 2007, Pages 547–554, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.005 Published: 01 June 2007 Article history Received: 20 July 2006 Revision received: 02 February 2007 Accepted: 05 February 2007 Published: 01 June 2007
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