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The national continuing education programme for health workers in Tanzania embarked on development of training materials by concept mapping. Modules on the management of diarrhoea in the community were developed in simple English by three members of the health team. The short modules consisted of things which were essential for health workers to know and do, plus those things of which they needed to be aware in order to delegate them to other members of the team. Cloze test, fog index and...
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Abstract The residential school, held once a year, usually for two weeks, is an integral and compulsory component of distance education at the University of Zambia. It is, however, expensive for students and can discourage prospective students from applying for distance learning courses. This notwithstanding, residential schools have advantages. This article summarizes the findings of a study in a Zambian setting in which both lecturers and students felt that the residential schools have...
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THE APARTHEID POLICY in South Africa has legally separated its 35 million inhabitants into four official racial groups. Political power and privilege have been vested entirely in the white group (i.e., 14% of the population), while the blacks are sociopolitically disadvantaged. The systems of education and special education strikingly reflect, and are a product of the divided, inequitable society. The majority of black South African students are academically retarded due to the inadequacy...
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Ground-based biomass measurements, systematic aerial reconnaissance and NOAA AVHRR and Landsat data were used to define the geographic limits of dry season pasture in the southern part of the pastoral zone of Niger. This dry season pasture, referred to as the pastoral habitat, was of such overwhelming importance to the well-being of the pastoral system that it could be used to define the sample frame for a meso-scale drought early warning system. Normalized rainfall departures for 1957 to...
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The first section of this article addresses the relationship between reader response and culture. The second section consists of portraits of a teacher and her students as they navigated their way through a series of African American literary texts. Most of my remarks focus on Virginia Hamilton's House of Dies Drear (1968) because the reading of this text marked a turning point for the teacher and students I observed. The portraits are drawn from a study which sought to explore the cultural...
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When Carol Steele came to Rhamu, Kenya, in 1983 as a Quaker, Peace, and Service volunteer, there was little or no contact or cooperation between the Government Health Center personnel and the traditional birth attendants of the surrounding villages. The two groups were worlds apart in thinking, attitudes, and practices. The government center was viewed as alien by the people, with nothing to offer them except emergency care. The health center personnel viewed the traditional birth attendants...
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The study of gender ideologies is concerned with describing and explaining cross-cultural similarities and differences in human views on women, men, and alternative gender identities. The use of the term ‘ideology’ reflects two aspects of research on this topic: (a) its roots in the feminist position that women are conceptualized as inferior to men to justify and sustain social and cultural systems dominated by men; and (b) the culturally constructed (as opposed to ‘natural’) nature of...
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The sharing of ideas among the church and mental health systems must be initiated when confronting the problem of education about teenage pregnancy in the African‐American community.