Education for Development and Democracy in Kenya: a case study - Osler, Audrey (Educational review, 1993)
This paper considers the impact of a curriculum support materials project in Kenya on teaching and learning within an education system which has a tradition of central curriculum control. The curriculum project is broadly concerned with environmental, social and human rights issues and with encouraging primary school pupils to take an active role in the development of their own communities, what might be described as education for democracy. The paper selects three areas of interest: political education, gender and development, and vocational education, and examines the project's influence on the curriculum. It draws on the experiences and perspectives of the project team and of primary school pupils themselves.
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Colonial Education for Africans: George Stark's Policy in Zimbabwe - Owusu‐Ansah, David; Mungazi, Dickson A. (History of Education Quarterly, 1993)
Preface Introduction: The Meaning of the Introduction of Western Education for Africans in Zimbabwe The Legacy of Duthie, Keigwin and Jowitt: Decrying the Policy of Practical Training as an Impertinence Stark's Philosophy of Education for Africans: Relating the School to Tribal Life and to Colonial Conditions The Effect of Implementing Stark's Philosophy: Assuring African Progress or Serving Government Interests? The Alliance Between Huggins and Stark: A Major Problem in African Education Stark's Role in Church-State Involvement in African Education: The Search for a New Institutional Partnership Stark's Role in the Crisis in African Education: Case Study in Mangwende Reserve Educational Policy for Africans Under Stark: Summary and Implications Bibliography Indexes
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Colonial Education for Africans: George Stark's Policy in Zimbabwe - Owusu‐Ansah, David; Mungazi, Dickson A. (History of Education Quarterly, 1993)
Preface Introduction: The Meaning of the Introduction of Western Education for Africans in Zimbabwe The Legacy of Duthie, Keigwin and Jowitt: Decrying the Policy of Practical Training as an Impertinence Stark's Philosophy of Education for Africans: Relating the School to Tribal Life and to Colonial Conditions The Effect of Implementing Stark's Philosophy: Assuring African Progress or Serving Government Interests? The Alliance Between Huggins and Stark: A Major Problem in African Education Stark's Role in Church-State Involvement in African Education: The Search for a New Institutional Partnership Stark's Role in the Crisis in African Education: Case Study in Mangwende Reserve Educational Policy for Africans Under Stark: Summary and Implications Bibliography Indexes
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Enduring the Drought: The Responses of Zambian Women - Palmer, Robin; Hamaundu, Nawina (1993)
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DEBATING EDUCATION FOR A FUTURE SOUTH AFRICA - Paterson, Andrew (Paedagogica Historica, 1993)
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Training for the new competition : applications of critical theory to industrial relations training in Kenya and Nigeria - Pawar, Paul (1993)
Training for the new competition : applications of critical theory to industrial relations training in Kenya and Nigeria
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The In‐Service Training of Primary Teachers in Science in Namibia - Peacock, Alan (British journal of in-service education, 1993)
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Zambia: Obstacle to postgraduate district hospital training - Pearson, C. Andrew (The Lancet, 1993)
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Adult Basic Education in South Africa: Literacy, English as a Second Language, and Numeracy - Peirce, Bonny Norton (TESOL Quarterly, 1993)
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Planning and financing sustainable education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa - Penrose, Perran (1993)
In many African countries, the provision of education services is handicapped by the discrepancy between broad educational policy objectives and the economic planning and management of limited resources. A serious weakness in the implementation of policy advice is the relation between planning and budgeting, including how budgets are made. This paper examines this problem with particular reference to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and proposes some solutions. The first section of the paper analyses the basic issues influencing the planning and financing of sustainable education systems in Africa. The second part of the paper proposes approaches designed to strengthen and/or reform planning and budgeting for education which, in combination with foreign aid, will facilitate a stronger base of support for policy implementation. One such approach is the replacement of annual incremental planning and budgeting systems with approaches more relevant to immediate problems.
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Power discourse and the curriculum :silences in the high school geography curriculum of South Africa - Peters, Emilene (1993)
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Parental Divorce/Separation and the Motivational Characteristics and Educational Aspirations of African American University Students - Phillips, Christine P.; Asbury, Charles A. (Journal of Negro Education, 1993)
The widespread prevalence of marital separation and divorce in American society demands that more definitive answers be provided for questions related to their influence on children. It is also critical that we attempt to better understand the impact of these life events on the developmental patterns of late adolescents and young adults because it is during this period that the shaping of an individual's early adult roles occurs and his or her values and beliefs emerge (Lopez, 1987, 1991). Conclusive research is lacking concerning whether divorce/separation effects produce temporary childhood stressors or have longer-term implications that may be different for adulthood (Goetting, 1981); however, Hillard (1984) studied the experience of parental divorce and reactions to it among college students and reported results that were different than for children and adolescents. Divorce-related childhood conflicts that have been suppressed are often reactivated by the important real-life choices faced by the college student, who must, at this stage of his or her life, work on understanding feelings that may have long been buried. College students face such important demands as establishing adequate psychological separation from parents; forming intimate, nonfamilial relationships; and adjusting to the academic and social demands of college life. They must also make preliminary decisions regarding work, marriage, and family (Lopez, 1987). Throughout this period, academic motives and aspirations are important variables related to the development of attitudes toward college, involvement in campus activities, and academic success (Ramist, 1981; Tinto, 1987). The manifestation of these influences in persons whose parents are divorced or separated is not well understood.
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Parental Divorce/Separation and the Motivational Characteristics and Educational Aspirations of African American University Students - Phillips, Christine P.; Asbury, Charles A. (Journal of Negro Education, 1993)
The widespread prevalence of marital separation and divorce in American society demands that more definitive answers be provided for questions related to their influence on children. It is also critical that we attempt to better understand the impact of these life events on the developmental patterns of late adolescents and young adults because it is during this period that the shaping of an individual's early adult roles occurs and his or her values and beliefs emerge (Lopez, 1987, 1991). Conclusive research is lacking concerning whether divorce/separation effects produce temporary childhood stressors or have longer-term implications that may be different for adulthood (Goetting, 1981); however, Hillard (1984) studied the experience of parental divorce and reactions to it among college students and reported results that were different than for children and adolescents. Divorce-related childhood conflicts that have been suppressed are often reactivated by the important real-life choices faced by the college student, who must, at this stage of his or her life, work on understanding feelings that may have long been buried. College students face such important demands as establishing adequate psychological separation from parents; forming intimate, nonfamilial relationships; and adjusting to the academic and social demands of college life. They must also make preliminary decisions regarding work, marriage, and family (Lopez, 1987). Throughout this period, academic motives and aspirations are important variables related to the development of attitudes toward college, involvement in campus activities, and academic success (Ramist, 1981; Tinto, 1987). The manifestation of these influences in persons whose parents are divorced or separated is not well understood.
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The development of professional nursing education 1860-1988. Part IV: South Africa. - Potgieter, E (PubMed, 1993)
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Leprosy in students in Nigeria. - Pr, Verduin (PubMed, 1993)
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Gender and Relevance: decentralised vocational education in Papua New Guinea - Preston, Rosemary (Oxford Review of Education, 1993)
Abstract In Papua New Guinea, responsibility for managing components of different education sectors falls variously to national and provincial government and to communities. In all but vocational training, control of the core curriculum remains with national government. Associated with the diversity of cultures, it is claimed that the paths to development adopted by provincial governments require locally specific skills in their labour forces. Local control of the vocational training curriculum is intended to ensure that these are met. In the context of the decentralisation of services elsewhere, this paper discusses the implications of this policy in terms of the status of the activity and the gendered structures of its implementation and effects.
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Can schools be used as a tool to transform a society?: Discrepancy between policy and practice in Tanzania - Rajabali, Nizar K. (1993)
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Implications of charge properties and chemical management of volcanic ash soils in West Cameroon - Ranst, Éric Van; Coninck, F. De; Debaveye, J. (1993)
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At-risk "parent and family" school involvement : strategies for low income families and African-American families of unmotivated and underachieving students - Reglin, Gary (1993)
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Strategies for Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa - Rihani, May; Prather, Cynthia J. (1993)
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Preparing Sierra Leone for the 21st Century in Education - Robinson, Ajai N. (1993)
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The Teachings: Drawn from African-American Spirituals - Robinson, Aminah Brenda Lynn (1993)
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Surgical Extraction of Guinea Worm: Disability Reduction and Contribution to Disease Control - Rohde, Jon E.; Sharma, Bishnulatpam; Patton, Helen; Deegan, Christopher; Sherry, James (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1993)
Surgical extraction of Guinea worm prior to eruption through the skin has long been performed by traditional healers in India. Using modern aseptic techniques under local anesthesia, unerupted worms can be completely and painlessly removed in several minutes. As a result, the average number of working days lost due to a single worm is reduced from three weeks or more to three days. In the field, the procedure results not only in a dramatic decrease in Guinea worm associated disability, but also in an improvement in detecting cases, and appears to reduce disease transmission.
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The Formalization of Nonformal Education: Case Studies of Botswana and Kenya - Rohrbach, Andreas W. (1993)
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The teaching of Church history in Malawi: a working group report - Ross, Kate (1993)
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A study of secondary schools' costs and indicators in the Sudan - Salih, Leila Taha (1993)
Comprehensive educational planning has been adopted in Sudan since independence in 1956. The inadequate projection of resources for the plans' implementation has bedevilled the full achievement of their targets and led to frustration with the planning process. Relevant cost data for unit costs analysis, which gives a quantified framework within which it is possible to estimate in advance the financial and economic implications of structural changes and educational programmes and projects at the micro or macro levels and hence lead to more informed decision-making, are not available on a systematic basis at any level of aggregation. In the last decade as the adverse economic conditions have continued and financial stringency tightened, the need for reliable costs analysis based on more accurate relevant costs data has become even more urgent. This thesis is an attempt in this direction. It is based on a representative random sample of 48 academic secondary schools out of 203 public schools in northern Sudan, in the academic year 1988/89. It analyses the unit expenditure of secondary schools and its constituents, identifies the factors that influence their variations among educational institutions and between regions, and examines the utilization of resources at the school level. The per pupil costs, components and cost indicators are investigated by size, location, type and kind of school as well as the teacher profile of academic qualifications, types of training and levels of experience; per boarder costs are discussed separately. Pearson correlation has been employed to estimate the type and strength of the relationships between the unit costs and their constituents on one hand and the cost indicators on the other. The sample data are tested for economies of size and the results of the final public examination, the Sudan School Certificate, are related to the size of school and to per pupil expenditure and other cost indicators using linear and multiple regression, analysis.
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Tea and the 1992 drought in Malawi - Schwarz, Arthur Zacharias (The Society of Malawi Journal, 1993)
Likely to go down in history as the drought of the century, one can only hope that nothing like this will recur during the remaining eight years. Even the oldest inhabitants reckon it was the worst in living memory and perhaps since official recording started in 1889, when the first Protectorate was declared over the Shire Highlands and adjacent territories. Climatic Background It was not long after that date that the first tea was established by the pioneer, Henry Brown, who had arrived a few years earlier in the then British Central Africa Protectorate. He came from Ceylon where he had seen the demise of the coffee industry due to leaf rust, while, in the Protectorate, coffee had also failed due to some yet unexplained reason. So he tried tea an act of faith, considering that conventional wisdom had it that tea needs a rainfall of some 100 inches (250mm), well distributed through the year. On Lauderdale Estate, in Mulanje, where Henry Brown started the total precipitation was decidedly lower than this, and fell mainly during a five month period, with off-season rain in the remaining seven months somewhat patchy. It is a tribute to the pioneers that a tea industry was established at all the first to survive in Africa, and still the second largest after Kenya. Research got under way in the 1930's and addressed itself so effectively to the industry's special problems that, despite the severe limitations imposed by often unreliable rainfall, yields are amongst the highest in the world. 'Normal' Rainfall Patterns 1992 saw a total fall from grace with a crop only approximately 66% of what might reasonably have been
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The temporal distribution of Ethiopian meteorological droughts in the 20 century - Seleshi, Yilma; Demarée, Gaston R. (1993)
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The State Accountability for Harmful Impacts on Health Caused by Industrial Pollution in Egypt - Shawky, Ahmed (Third World Legal Studies, 1993)
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A review of the role of problem solving and other critical thinking skills in the secondary home economics curriculum of the Sudan with an empirical study of the in-service training of teachers - Shommo, Mahasin Ibrahim (1993)
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Use of Agricultural Subject Matter by Secondary Students in Swaziland. Summary of Research SR 69. - Simelane, Malangeni Jethro; Miller, Larry E. (1993)
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Isotopic disequilibrium in clinopyroxenes from nephelinitic lavas, Napak volcano, eastern Uganda - Simonetti, Antonio; Bell, Keith (Geology, 1993)
Research Article| March 01, 1993 Isotopic disequilibrium in clinopyroxenes from nephelinitic lavas, Napak volcano, eastern Uganda Antonio Simonetti; Antonio Simonetti 1Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Keith Bell Keith Bell 1Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Antonio Simonetti 1Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada Keith Bell 1Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1993) 21 (3): 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0243:IDICFN>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Antonio Simonetti, Keith Bell; Isotopic disequilibrium in clinopyroxenes from nephelinitic lavas, Napak volcano, eastern Uganda. Geology 1993;; 21 (3): 243–246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0243:IDICFN>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Pyroxene phenocrysts from nephelinites associated with the Tertiary carbonatite-nephelinite Napak volcano are not in isotopic equilibrium with their host rocks and reveal a complicated evolutionary history that involved fractional crystallization of a melt undergoing continuous isotopic change. Intrasample pyroxene populations have different isotopic compositions and are interpreted as earlier formed pyroxenes that failed to isotopically equilibrate with the host liquids and that were later scavenged by ascending melts. The Napak data show that the pyroxenes can be effective in monitoring isotopic shifts that occur during magma evolution. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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A Comparative Study of the Provision of Primary Education for Mozambican Refugees in Malawi and Zambia - Smawfield, David (Journal of Refugee Studies, 1993)
Through the use of a comparative perspective, this Field Report shows how the provision of education to Mozambican refugees in Zambia has largely been used to allow for assimilation of the refugee population, whereas the provision of education to Mozambican refugees in Malawi has been used to promote repatriation. In comparison to Malawi, the system operating at Ukwimi, Zambia, is shown to benefit from far greater per capita resources. Consequently, it is much more internally efficient. Questions are also raised, however, concerning the effect on motivation and performance arising from Mozambican refugees in Zambia emjoying a more certain future. Key indicators compared and discussed include those to do with teacher/pupil ratios, provision of basic materials, enrolment and attendance, and gender. The study argues that a number of findings may have wider international significance and justify further research.
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Training and the College of African Wildlife Management - Snelson, Deborah (1993)
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Job satisfaction of secondary school principals in rift valley province of Kenya - Sogomo, Chang'masa Kiplagat (1993)
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Returns to Education: The Impacts of M.S.U. Training on West African Scientists - Sterns, James A.; Oehmke, James F.; Schwartz, Lisa (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1993)
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How to Involve African-American Students in Recruiting Others. - Stewart, Gregory (Journal of College Admission, 1993)
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Pharmacy and medicine education in ancient Egypt. - Sy, El-Gammal (PubMed, 1993)
The ancient Egyptians knew many of the therapeutical effects of the medicinal plants. This knowledge was taught at home from father to son. So, these houses formed the first primitive pharmacy and medicine schools. Century after century, the ancient Egyptians became more and more interested in medical sciences. Temples began to establish medical and pharmaceutical schools. Priests of good and honest character with scientific background were chosen to become teachers and professors in these schools. Another medical and pharmaceutical schools teaching all the scientific courses were the Per Ankh or Houses of Life. Special schools were erected inside the Royal palaces for the education of the Royal family children, the nobles and the court officials comprising all sorts of sciences and arts, specially taught in its own Per Ankh, as in Heliopolis and Memphis palaces.
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Training Swedish music teachers in Gambia - Sæther, Eva (1993)
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Training Swedish Music Teachers in Gambia - in search of a model for multicultural music education - Sæther, Eva (1993)
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Parents' attitudes towards education in rural Tanzania - Tadreg (1993)
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School Attainnment, Parental Education and Gender in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana - Tansel, Aysıt (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1993)
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The administration of the school health service in Nigeria - Targema, lorvaa (Journal of the institute of health education, 1993)
The importance of a well organised school health education system is discussed, with particular reference to Nigeria. It should be managed and funded by the Ministry of Education. Children cannot be properly educated unless they are healthy. They are at an impressionable age in school and are at their most receptive for ideas of disease causation and good personal hygiene. The school timetable should include compulsory subjects of environmental as well as personal health matters. Clean, sanitary surroundings are vital to human wellbeing. The World Health Organisation supports full health education in schools and stresses the role of the teacher in child welfare.
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A critique of the proposed council for the environment national core syllabus for environmental education in South Africa - Taylor, Jim; O’Donoghue, Rob; Clacherty, Alistair (The Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, 1993)
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Problems and prospects of persons with disabilities in Ethiopia - Teferra, Tirussew (Ethiopian journal of development research, 1993)
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The October 12, 1992, Dahshur, Egypt, Earthquake - Thenhaus, P.C.; Çelebi, Mehmet; Sharp, Robert P. (Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), 1993)
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Reconnaissance report on the 12 October 1992 Dahshur, Egypt, earthquake - Thenhaus, P.C.; Sharp, Robert P.; Çelebi, Mehmet; Ibrahim, Amin; Pol, H. van de (Open-file report /, 1993)
The 12 October 1992 earthquake (MB 5.9; Ms 5.2) that occurred near the village of Dahshur, Egypt, was the latest in a long history of earthquakes that occasionally cause damage to buildings in Cairo and surrounding areas in northeastern Egypt.The epicenter of the earthquake was about 18 km south of the center of Cairo and located at a depth of about 25 km.Damage to engineered buildings in Cairo appeared to be mainly due to poor construction materials, poor construction detailing, overloading of building columns beyond their design values, inferior workmanship, or deficient foundation systems.Damage to non-engineered structures, such as dwellings, was substantial in the earthquake region, particularly for adobe construction.Adobe is known to be one of the most vulnerable building materials to earthquake shaking; widespread use of this material in villages along the Nile valley contributed significantly to the high number of deaths and injuries from this moderate-sized earthquake.Inspections of bridges across the Nile and overpasses in Cairo revealed no earthquake damage.Geologic effects of the earthquake were minimal, restricted to a small area of minor liquefaction near the village of Manshyat Fadil on the west side of the Nile, approximately 20 km south of the epicenter.The area of liquefaction coincided with the severest shaking damage from the earthquake in Manshyat Fadil.Field investigations by motor vehicles and by airplane revealed no surface fault rupture from the earthquake.That more widespread damage did not occur in the Cairo metropolitan area was due to the moderate size of this earthquake.However, considerable vulnerability to earthquake shaking exists in the Cairo building stock and far more severe effects would be expected from a somewhat larger earthquake in the vicinity of Cairo, or from an earthquake of comparable magnitude directly under the city.The important lesson learned from this earthquake was not of a technical or scientific nature.Rather, it was the tragic demonstration of the potential for catastrophe in metropolitan Cairo if the warning of this moderate earthquake is not heeded in future development, planning, and earthquake preparedness.With this lesson in mind, we offer the subsequent recommendations on an earthquake preparedness strategy for the region affected by the 12 October 1992 Dahshur, Egypt, earthquake.They are divided into three categories: A) Engineering design and building code development, B) Scientific and engineering research needs, and C) Civil preparedness and governmental disaster response. A. Engineering Design and Building-Code Development:An earthquake itself does not pose a significant threat to people.Rather, it is the damage to, and collapse of buildings and other structures that result in casualties and fatalities.If construction practices are improved so that buildings withstand the expected earthquake ground motions with less damage and without collapse, lives will be saved and the number of injuries will be reduced.Much engineering knowledge has been gained from the study of earthquake effects on all types of construction around the world and the task of improving building construction and design begins with communicating this knowledge to local authorities and the local engineering community.Significant improvement to the earthquake resistance of common structures, such as dwellings, can be made with little additional cost if proper construction techniques are used.A lasting contribution to improved earthquake-resistant design for all types of construction is to formalize appropriate earthquake-resistant construction techniques into a building code.Equitable application of building-code requirements throughout a region follows a scheme of zoning based on the prevalent earthquake ground-motion hazard.Thus, the ground-motion hazard needs to be quantified in hazard maps for rational decisions to be made on the degree of earthquake resistance that is required of construction in any particular area.Seismic-hazard maps of this type have also found wide-spread use in land-use planning and insurance analyses.Recommendations in this category are aimed at near-term objectives (approximately three years or less to realize results) to deal with the immediate earthquake information needs of the practicing engineers and government agencies charged with overseeing construction practice.The recommendations, in large part, implement common knowledge that has been gained from earthquake experiences around the world.1. Establish an influential task force consisting of knowledgeable engineers, seismologists, and geologists from various sectors ~ academic, private, government ~ to motivate professional and governmental concern and understanding of earthquake mitigation measures.Such a body could form the core group of a local professional organization promoting earthquake education and governmental earthquake-mitigation policy.2. Quantify the earthquake ground-motion hazard throughout Egypt, with particular attention to northeastern Egypt and the vicinity of Cairo, in terms useful to modern engineering design and code development, land-use and economic planning.3. Qualitatively establish the vulnerability of various types of common, high-occupancy construction in Cairo to earthquake shaking for estimates of earthquake risk (monetary loss) from past or potential earthquakes.4. Establish earthquake-engineering-related curricula in the university system and encourage faculty and engineering students to become involved in all aspects of earthquake mitigation engineering including earthquake reconnaissance, recovery and reconstruction.5 Conduct fora for exchanging information.Most observed damage to engineered buildings in the Dahshur earthquake was due to poor detailing and/or quality control.Commonly known errors made during design and construction of earthquake resistant structures could be avoided with simple communication/education vehicles, such as workshops and professional meetings, in which experts are brought together with practicing engineers and local authorities to exchange information on "lessons learned" from past earthquakes.6. Provide guidance and education for non-engineered construction to the general public through information campaigns (see C below).7. The General Authority for Roads and Bridges should adopt established standards for the retrofit of bridges and overpasses.
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Training beyond Literacy Some thoughts on teaching English in a future South Africa - Theron, François (Language Matters, 1993)
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Legal Education and Legal Services in Zimbabwe: A Focus on Women, Law and Culture - Tsanga, Amy S. (1993)
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Sexual Activity, Family Life Education, and Contraceptive Practice Among Young Adults in Banjul, The Gambia - Tt, Kane; R, De Buysscher; Taylor-thomas, T; Smith, Tyler C.; Jeng, Ming-Chang (Studies in Family Planning, 1993)
This report presents results from a 1986-87 two-stage probability sample survey of 2,507 young men and women aged 14-24 living in the Greater Banjul region of The Gambia. Although premarital sexual activity was common and began at an early age, lack of knowledge and limited access to modern contraceptives were obstacles to the use of family planning. Of all ever sexually active single persons, only 21 percent of the young women and 7 percent of the young men had practiced contraception at the time of first intercourse. Almost half of the sexually active young adults had ever used contraceptives, with oral contraceptives and condoms being the methods most widely known and used. Results of logistic regression analyses show that attendance at family life education lectures in school had significant positive relationships to both knowledge and use of contraceptives among the young people surveyed. The study presents encouraging evidence that acceptance of modern contraceptive use is beginning to take hold among young people in urban Banjul.
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Text anxiety in African American school children. - Turner, Brenda G.; Beidel, Déborah C.; Hughes, Sean M.; Turner, Marquette W. (School Psychology Quarterly, 1993)
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The impact African American role models have on African American junior high school students - Turner, Ernest Lee (1993)
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Planning Technical and Vocational Education and Training: the case of Namibia[1] - Turner, John D. (The vocational aspect of education, 1993)
ABSTRACT In 1991, shortly after independence, the government of Namibia established a Presidential Commission on Higher Education. The Commission's report contains almost 200 recommendations covering the whole field of post‐school education. The account presented here concentrates on technical and vocational education, access to higher education and inter‐relationships between the various levels of the educational system. Technical and vocational education at the time of independence was fragmented, inappropriate in a number of ways and not well supported. Fundamental change was necessary. Solutions need to be found around a set of baste principles, including: the need for a coherent system of linked qualifications, the importance of a national training policy enunciated by government, strategies which are responsive to employment requirements and which meet the needs of disadvantaged groups, special access routes for students who have missed out on educational opportunities, adequate provision for pre‐service and in‐service instructor training and teacher education.
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Perspectives in Nigerian education - Uchendu, Patrick Kenechukwu (1993)
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Training Nigerian Teachers as Agents of Rural Transformation. - Udofot, Mbong A. (Guidance and Counselling, 1993)
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Factors affecting the design of secondary schools in Nigeria - Uduku, Nwola (1993)
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Factors affecting the design of secondary schools in Nigeria - Uduku, Ola (1993)
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The Protest Tradition in Nigerian Adult Education: An Analysis of NEPU's Emancipatory Learning Project 1950-1966. - Umar, Abdurrahman (Convergence, 1993)
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Chronology of droughts in Southern Africa: the impacts and future management options - Unganai, Leonard (Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Conference of the SADCC-Land and Water Management Research Programme, 1993)
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Environmental education in Kenya : the need for a community-based biology curriculum in the secondary schools - Unger, Suanne (1993)
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The Public Costs of Primary Schools: case studies from Nigeria∗ - Urwick, James (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1993)
∗Some of the material presented here appears in a chapter which the author contributed to a collection of readings on Nigerian primary education (Urwick, 1991). It is repeated here with the permission of the Nigerian Association of Educational Administration and Planning, the publisher.
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Drought, transfer entitlements, and income distribution: The Botswana experience - Valentine, Theodore R. (World Development, 1993)
Using 1974–75 and 1985–86 income distribution survey data, with the latter supplemented by drought relief data, this paper presents an analysis of intertemporal rural household income distribution in Botswana. Despite the fact that the 1974–75 survey was conducted during one of the best agricultural production periods on record and the 1985–86 survey was conducted in the midst of one of the worst, after the rural income economy had been weakened by a severe and prolonged drought, Botswana's rural income inequality did not appear to have increased significantly. There was no marked reduction in rural household real incomes. The explanation for this outcome is found to lie in the income-maintenance strategy pursued by rural households with strong support from transfer entitlement guarantees from private and public sources supplementing rural household incomes.
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The teaching of Christian history and ministerial formation in Africa Today - Verstraelen, Frans J. (1993)
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A critical examination of the concept of education for self-reliance with reference to Swaziland - Vilakati, Alpheus Velamuva (1993)
A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the degree in of Master of Education at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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Academic Achievement and Expectations among African-American Students. - Voelkl, Kristin E. (Journal of research and development in education, 1993)
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Contrasts in European awareness between Irish and Zimbabwean students - Waddington, Shelagh B.; Walsh, James A. (1993)
This paper summarises the results of a suvey of the level of recognition of European countries by university level students in Ireland and Zimbabwe. While Irish students have a significantly higher level of recognition there are a number of common features between the results of both surveys. Countries with distinctive shapes, large size and/or coastal locations are best recognised. Also the member states of the European Community are generally better known than members of other regional groupings. There is also a high degree of confusion amongst both student samples in relation to members of groupings that are frequently identified by historical/regional labels such as Scandinavia or the Balkan states.
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Informatics in higher education-Kenya case study. - Waema, Timothy Mwololo (1993)
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Tarzan in the Classroom: How "Educational" Films Mythologize Africa and Miseducate Americans - Walker, Sheila S.; Rasamimanana, Jennifer (Journal of Negro Education, 1993)
How do you react to the term Africa? What is the first word that comes to mind? Don't take time to think. Just react. Emotionally. Dark savages, lion, jungle, Tarzan, primitive, mysterious, spear? Any others? Surely the second largest continental land mass on the face of the earth must have a few other characteristics. As a continent, like Europe and Asia, it must have some diversity... .What are [Africans'] nationalities? How many languages do they speak? What religions do they practice? What are their historical and cultural achievements? (Maynard, 1974, p. v)
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Neurological Impairment Among Elderly African-American Nursing Home Residents - Wallace, Gloriajean L. (Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 1993)
In this pilot study, 288 elderly African-American and 482 white residents of 10 nursing homes in Wayne County, Michigan, were compared for neurological impairment. The frequency of diagnosis of neurological impairment was equivalent for African-American and white males, but greater for African-American females than for white females. Cerebral vascular accident (CVA, or stroke) and nonspecific dementia were the most common neurological diagnoses for all groups. For males but not females, there was a statistically significant difference in the causes of neurological impairment, with more African-Americans diagnosed as having CVA, and more whites diagnosed as having nonspecific dementia. While the incidence of neurological impairment in African-Americans exceeded that of whites, predominantly white nursing homes offered more sophisticated care. This suggests the need to review the means by which comprehensive nursing home care may be expanded in the African-American community.
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African History and Teaching in Dar es Salaam - Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. (1993)
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Teaching of Narrative in Kenya Secondary Schools - Wanambisi, Mweseli Monica (1993)
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The Politics of structural Adjustment in Kenya. The case of cost-sharing in Education and Health care - Wanyande, Peter (1993)
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The African-American struggle for education in Columbus, Ohio: 1803-1913 - Ward, Adah Louise (1993)
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Teachers, Preachers, Non-Believers: A Social History of Zimbabwean Literature - Waters, Harold A.; Veit–Wild, Flora (World literature today, 1993)
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A study of the Building Industries Federation of South Africa training model of skill development for the purpose of considering its appropriateness as a model for large-scale Adult Basic Education provision - Watters, Kathleen Anne (1993)
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Home Economics Education in Africa: Reflections and Prospects. - Waudo, Judith N. (Canadian home economics journal, 1993)
Home economics since its inception has been concerned with the welfare of the family. The field's mission has always been the improvement of daily life for families and individuals. Historically, home economics in Africa was composed of informal education where young girls were prepared for homemaking skills and societal roles. Africa inherited its home economics programs from the British and the French. After independence of many African countries, many future home economic educators were trained in the European countries and North America. This has caused conflict in terms of Africa's cultural identity and as a result has influenced the present home economics education in Africa. The present home economics programs have been accused of being irrelevant to the African developmental needs, foreign in content, and lacking in critical thinking. The major constraints for implementing home economics programs in Africa are: a negative image accorded to the profession, lack of teaching materials and equipment, lack of qualified staff at all levels, and lack of training, research facilities, and networking. In order to address the changing needs of society, home economics education needs to reform its curriculum to reflect the countries' developmental needs, and to reach the rural and urban poor because they are the ones who need home economics services the most and need to make the mission of its profession more focussed so as to avoid being misunderstood by society at large
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Factor patterns between three Kenyan languages and the solving of numerical problems amongst Kenyan mixed-ability form four students - Waweru, G. (1993)
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BAPTIST SCHOOLS IN CAMEROON PROVINCE - Weber, Charles W. (1993)
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EDUCATION AND MISSION POLICY IN CAMEROON PROVINCE - Weber, Charles W. (1993)
Presents a history, based on original archival and primary source material, of the Baptist mission educational situation of Cameroon province from 1922 to 1945.
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Education in Papua New Guinea 1973‐1993: the late‐development effect? - Weeks, Sheldon G. (Comparative Education, 1993)
(1993). Education in Papua New Guinea 1973‐1993: the late‐development effect? Comparative Education: Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 261-273.
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Reforming the Reform: Education in Botswana - Weeks, Sheldon G. (Africa Today, 1993)
Botswana is one of the largest and most populated of 71 with populations below 1.5 million (of which there are 13 in Africa).' The development and operation of education systems in small states has become a focus of concern for the Commonwealth Secretariat, but only six are in Africa.2 Botswana stands in sharp contrast to most small developing nations, both within the Commonwealth and outside, for a number of reasons. Botswana has, since independence in 1966, maintained a stable democracy.3 From the mid-1970s Botswana has been able to diversify its economy away from cattle and marginal agriculture with the discovery of diamonds and the development of nickle-copper matte, soda ash, coal and limited tourism.4 Rapid population growth and urbanization have occurred in Botswana over the last 20 years; Gaborone is said to be the fastest growing city in Africa. In 1971 only 10% of the population lived in towns, compared to 33% in 1991. New towns have evolved at Selebi-Phikwe, Orapa, Jwaneng, and Sowa, while the older centers of Ghanzi, Kasane, Maun, Francistown, and Lobatse have grown significantly; major agro-towns, Molepolole, Serowe, Kanye and others, have become important growth centers. Botswana remains one of the few Third World countries with a hard currency strategy (minimal exchange controls). Stable government and an expanding economy have made possible steady growth in the education system. Botswana has gone from being one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle income nation (not one of the wealthiest, which is the received truth among aid donors and others).5 Because of its very rapidity, this growth has generated unforeseen problems and contradictions. Education in Botswana has always been subject to close
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Report on Reading in English in Primary Schools in Malawi - Williams, Eddie (1993)
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Report on Reading in English in Primary Schools in Zambia - Williams, Eddie (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1993)
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Project C.A.R.E.: A University's Commitment to African-American Student Retention. - Williams, Jennifer; Wilson, Van Cedric (The College Student Affairs Journal, 1993)
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Desertification and Drought in Africa - Williams, Martin (1993)
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THE VOICES OF AFRICAN‐AMERICAN MFT STUDENTS: SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION - Wilson, Laurie L.; Stith, Sandra M. (Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 1993)
This study examined the issue of African‐American participation in MFT academic programs. Data for the study came from surveys completed by 25 of the 29 program directors of AAMFT accredited MFT programs and from 90‐minute telephone interviews with 15 of the 20 African‐American students identified by the participating directors. Results indicate that African‐American students and faculty are glaringly underrepresented in MFT master's and doctoral degree programs. For example, although African‐Americans constitute 12.2% of the United States population and 5% of all master's degree recipients in the United States, less than 1% of all MFT master's degree recipients are African‐American. Specific suggestions are offered by students and faculty for improving recruitment and retention of African‐American students and improving program sensitivity to cultural and racial issues which may impede the full integration of the African‐American student into the academic program and the profession.
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Maternal education and community context in maternal and child health behavior in Nigeria. - Wolff, Robert Brent Keyser (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 1993)
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Capacity Building and Higher Education in Africa: A comment on the capacity building rationale and aid to higher education in Sub‐Saharan Africa - Wood, Alison Gird (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1993)
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Personal view: engineering education in eritrea - proposals for a college of engineering - Yhdego, M. (International Journal of Engineering Education, 1993)
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Attitudes Toward Mathematics and Science of African-American, Mexican-American, and Chinese-American Middle Grade Students Identified as Gifted. - Yong, Fung Lan (Focus on learning problems in mathematics, 1993)
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Courses on African Studies in Japanese University Education - Yoshida, Masao (Afurika kenkyū, 1993)
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Basic Education in Botswana: a review of the National Conference on Education for All, Gaborone, June 1991 - Youngman, Frank (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1993)
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A comparison of nutritional status of pre-school children of cooperative and individual farmers in rural Ethiopia. - Yusuf, M. E.; Ehrlich, Anne; Maritim, Gabriel Kipngeno (PubMed, 1993)
A cross-sectional study of nutritional status was carried out in Gondar region, Northwest Ethiopia in 1988. The objectives of the study were to compare the nutritional status of pre-school children of cooperative (Coops) and individual (Non-Coops) farmers and to determine factors accountable for the differences in the two groups of children, such as land size and income. A total of 376 children were studied. Although the overall malnutrition rate was found to be very high, the nutritional status of the pre-school children of the Coops was significantly better than that of the Non-Coops. The mean land size of the Coops and Non-Coops was 3.63 and 1.44 ha. and the mean annual income was 1,017 and 329 Ethiopian birr, respectively.
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Zimbabwean geography students' locational knowledge of African countries - Zinyama, Lovemore M. (1993)
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Assessing Engineering Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Technical Paper Number 197, Africa Technical Department Series. - Zymelman, Manuel (1993)
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9. Men at Work in the Tanzanian Home: How Did They Ever Learn? - Bujra, Janet (1992)
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4. Domestic Science Training in Colonial Yorubaland, Nigeria - Denzer, LaRay (1992)
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Socialising Multilingualism: Determinants of Codeswitching in Kenyan Primary Classrooms - Merritt, Marilyn; Cleghorn, Ailie; Abagi, Jared O.; Bunyi, G. (1992)
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Socialising Multilingualism: Determinants of Codeswitching in Kenyan Primary Classrooms - Merritt, Marilyn; Cleghorn, Ailie; Abagi, Jared O.; Bunyi, G. (1992)
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3. Civilized Servants: Child Fosterage and Training for Status among the Glebo of Liberia - Moran, Mary H. (1992)
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6. Colonial and Missionary Education: Women and Domesticity in Uganda, 1900-1945 - Musisi, Nakanyike B. (1992)
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Healthcare in Kenya: learning from a Third World country - Hoy, Ron (British journal of nursing, 1992)
Kenya's healthcare problems are exacerbated by illiteracy, widespread communities, poor sanitation in some areas, and tribal customs and traditions. This article gives an overview of Kenya's healthcare system that was gained by the author during a study tour to Kenya in March 1991.
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An Appraisal of Body Image among Nigerian University Students - Balogun, Joseph A.; Okonofua, Friday; Balogun, Adetutu O. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1992)
This study was designed to provide baseline data on the attitudes of Nigerian university students toward their own bodies. 286 students completed the 25-item version of the Body Cathexis Scale of Berscheid, et al. These students were more satisfied than they were dissatisfied with their body parts. The body weight and general muscle development were aspects with which they were most dissatisfied. Compared to men, women were significantly more satisfied with their ears, body weight, general muscle development, chest/breast, size of sex organs, and appearance of sex organs. These baseline data may help screen Nigerian university students with negative body ideation.
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Uterine fibroids: clinical presentation and management in a Nigerian teaching hospital. - Bc, Ozumba; Uc, Megafu; Igwegbe, AO (PubMed, 1992)
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Drought and famine in Africa - Buchanan‐Smith, Margaret; Downing, Thomas E. (Food policy, 1992)
Optimism that famine in Africa could at last be prevented has been dashed by the drought that hit Southern Africa in 1991–1992. The droughts of the 1980s led researchers to make major advances in the understanding of food security and the design of early warning systems, but the critical transition from theory to effective response has not been made.
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Education and Authoritarianism Among English- and Afrikaans-Speaking White South Africans - Duckitt, John (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1992)
Abstract Research has shown that higher levels of formal education are associated with lower authoritarianism. However, some evidence suggests that this association may be severely attenuated or even eliminated in sociocultural contexts in which education is highly authoritarian. This was tested in the study by comparing the relationship between education and authoritarianism among 678 English- and Afrikaans-speaking White South African adults—two sociocultural groups whose educational institutions tend to differ markedly in authoritarianism. The results indicated a much stronger relationship between education and authoritarianism for English speakers. Among Afrikaners, authoritarianism did not show any tendency to decline with increasing education until the higher levels of tertiary education.
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Recent Proposals for the Reform of Higher Education in the Sudan: Problems and Prospects - Forojalla, Sibrino B (Higher Education Policy, 1992)
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On the Situation of African-American Women with Physical Disabilities - Hanna, William John; Rogovsky, Elizabeth (Journal of applied rehabilitation counseling, 1992)
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Factor Structure of Beliefs about Time among African-American College Students - Hill, Oliver W.; Stuckey, Ralph W. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1992)
Between 333 African-American college students and the norming sample of 403 college students differences in the factor structure of beliefs about time as assessed by the Temporal Inventory on Meaning and Experience (TIME) were assessed. These differences may represent one component of possible cognitive-style differences between black and white college students.
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Drought, War, and the Politics of Famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea - Keller, Edmond J. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1992)
During almost two decades, beginning in the early 1970s, the Horn of Africa was racked by the ravages of hunger and war. Natural disasters are not new to the region, which historically could count on at least seven major droughts each century, but in the current era they have been increasing, in part due to massive deforestation and the changing pattern of weather. It is estimated that in Ethiopia alone, because of soil erosion and deforestation, 30,000 million tons of top-soil are lost each year. A second important factor affecting the severity of famine has been the dramatic escalation in the level and intensity of civil conflict, nowhere more evident than in Ethiopia.
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Drought, War, and the Politics of Famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea - Keller, Edmond J. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1992)
During almost two decades, beginning in the early 1970s, the Horn of Africa was racked by the ravages of hunger and war. Natural disasters are not new to the region, which historically could count on at least seven major droughts each century, but in the current era they have been increasing, in part due to massive deforestation and the changing pattern of weather. It is estimated that in Ethiopia alone, because of soil erosion and deforestation, 30,000 million tons of top-soil are lost each year. A second important factor affecting the severity of famine has been the dramatic escalation in the level and intensity of civil conflict, nowhere more evident than in Ethiopia.
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Drought, War, and the Politics of Famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea - Keller, Edmond J. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1992)
During almost two decades, beginning in the early 1970s, the Horn of Africa was racked by the ravages of hunger and war. Natural disasters are not new to the region, which historically could count on at least seven major droughts each century, but in the current era they have been increasing, in part due to massive deforestation and the changing pattern of weather. It is estimated that in Ethiopia alone, because of soil erosion and deforestation, 30,000 million tons of top-soil are lost each year. A second important factor affecting the severity of famine has been the dramatic escalation in the level and intensity of civil conflict, nowhere more evident than in Ethiopia.
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Drought, War, and the Politics of Famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea - Keller, Edmond J. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1992)
During almost two decades, beginning in the early 1970s, the Horn of Africa was racked by the ravages of hunger and war. Natural disasters are not new to the region, which historically could count on at least seven major droughts each century, but in the current era they have been increasing, in part due to massive deforestation and the changing pattern of weather. It is estimated that in Ethiopia alone, because of soil erosion and deforestation, 30,000 million tons of top-soil are lost each year. A second important factor affecting the severity of famine has been the dramatic escalation in the level and intensity of civil conflict, nowhere more evident than in Ethiopia.
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Drug Use and Anticipated Parental Reaction Among Rural School Pupils in Zimbabwe - Munodawafa, Davison; Marty, Phillip J.; Gwede, Clement K. (Journal of School Health, 1992)
Study participants included 285 secondary school pupils in Zimbabwe who responded to a questionnaire assessing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, and anticipated parental reaction to the pupil's drug-taking behavior. Results showed nearly 17% of the sample had used alcohol, 8% used tobacco, and 5% had used marijuana during the past seven days prior to questionnaire administration. Results regarding intentions to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana in the future show pupils' interest highest in using alcohol. Nearly 34% indicated intentions to use alcohol during the next year, while 16% reported intentions to use tobacco, and 12.9% indicated intentions to use marijuana. Nearly 17% reported they felt their parents would be favorable to their use of alcohol. Anticipated parental approval for tobacco and marijuana was 13.6% and 10.8%, respectively. Though current use and future intentions among the sample are not as high compared to similar populations in developed countries, this study suggests Zimbabwe should consider expanding its drug education effort in the school setting. Research to identify effective educational strategies to curb further increases in adolescent drug taking behavior also needs to be explored and identified.
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Medical Illness in School-Age Kenyans in Relation to Nutrition, Cognition, and Playground Behaviors - Neumann, Charlotte G.; McDonald, Mary Alice; Sigman, Marian; Bwibo, Nimrod O. (Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 1992)
Because medical illness is associated with malnutrition, it might contribute to the poor outcomes seen in malnourished children. This study explored relations between frequency of mild illness and development in 133 mild-to-moderately malnourished school-age Kenyan children. Morbidity information was collected for one year. Concurrent assessments of cognitive status and playground behaviors were obtained. Nutritional and environmental variables were also assessed. Girls with more reported days of mild illness performed less well on developmental measures than did their healthier female peers. They were less cognitively advanced, and, on the playground, girls with more mild illness were less active, happy, and social. Furthermore, relations between frequency of mild illness and playground behaviors (but not cognitive score) in the girls remained statistically significant when other variables, such as socioeconomic status, parental literacy, food intake, and anthropometry, were considered. For the boys, frequency of mild illness was not related to cognition or play behaviors.
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Traumatic dental injuries in normal and handicapped children in Nairobi, Kenya. - Ohito, Florence; Opinya, GN; Wang’ombe, Joyce Muthoni (PubMed, 1992)
Two thousand, seven hundred and ninety one normal and handicapped children aged 5-15 years were examined for traumatic dental injuries. Twelve percent had traumatised teeth while three percent had soft tissue injuries. More handicapped children (18%) than normal children (11%) had injuries. This study indicates that children need to be educated on preventive measures regarding traumatic dental injuries.
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Primary care training for patent medicine vendors in rural Nigeria - Oshiname, Frederick O.; Brieger, William R. (Social science & medicine (1982. Print), 1992)
The provision of essential drugs and the involvement of various potential and existing health care providers (e.g. teachers and traditional healers) are two important primary health care strategies. One local group that is already actively supplying the medication needs of the community is the patent medicine vendors (PMVs), but the formal health establishment often views their activities with alarm. One way to improve the quality of the PMVs' contribution to primary care is through training, since no formal course is required of them before they are issued a license by government. Primary care training was offered to the 49 members of the Patent Medicine Sellers Association of Igbo-Ora, a small town in western Nigeria. Baseline information was gathered through interview, observation and pre-test. A training committee of Association members helped prioritize training needs and manage training logistics. Thirty-seven members and their apprentices underwent the 8 weekly 2-hr sessions on recognition and treatment (including non-drug therapies) for malaria, diarrhoea, guinea worm, sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory infections, and malnutrition, plus sessions on reading doctor's prescriptions and medication counseling. The group scored significantly higher at post-test and also showed significant gains over a control group of PMVs from another town in the district. The Igbo-Ora experience shows that PMVs can improve their health care knowledge and thus increase their potential value as primary health care team members.
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A Joint Venture in Teaching African-American History - Parsons, William S.; Fairbairn, Monica A. (Journal of Museum Education, 1992)
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Psychometric Data on the Statistics Anxiety Scale for a Sample of South African Students - Pretorius, Tyrone B.; Norman, Åsa (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1992)
Normative, reliability, and validity data are reported on the Statistics Anxiety Scale (SAS) (an adapted version of the Mathematics Anxiety Scale) for a sample of South African students. The respondents consisted of 337 third-year Psychology students engaged in statistics as part of the Research Methodology course at the University of Western Cape. The internal-consistency reliability estimate obtained was 0.90, while test-retest reliability was 0.75 over a 3-month interval, indicating that the SAS was highly reliable. Evidence for the validity of the scale is based on the results of a factor analysis which confirmed the existence of a single factor, the finding that SAS scores are related to achievement in statistics and anxiety, and that the SAS appears to be sensitive to changes in statistics anxiety resulting from intervention.
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Ten years in the development of the Tanzania Training Centre for Orthopaedic Technologists - Raab, W. (Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 1992)
Prosthetics and Orthotics International 16(3):p 206-210, December 1992. | DOI: 10.3109/03093649209164343
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The impact of Schistosoma haematobium infection and of praziquantel treatment on the growth of primary school children in Bertoua, Cameroon. - Rn, Befidi-Mengue; Rc, Ratard; D’Alessandro, Antonio; Rice, John R.; Befidi-Mengue, R; Le, Kouemeni; Bl, Cline (PubMed, 1992)
Our objective was to determine in a Cameroonian school population the effect of mild to moderate S. haematobium infection intensity on growth and development of children before and 6 months after praziquantel treatment. Previous studies have yielded contradictory results. Children from Bertoua schools were divided into four study groups: heavily infected (> 500 eggs 10 ml-1), moderately infected (1-499 eggs 10 ml-1) treated with praziquantel, a similar group treated with placebo, and an uninfected control group. Anthropometric measures--height for age per cent median (HAPM), and weight for age per cent median (WAPM)--were significantly higher among the uninfected children. Stepwise regression analysis showed that S. haematobium and Ascaris infections were the strongest predictors of the HAPM with hookworm and malaria infections playing a lesser role. Post treatment comparison of the praziquantel treatment group and the placebo group showed no significant differences for the anthropometric indicators except for mid-arm circumference. Longer observations of growth after treatment as well as monitoring of the rate of reinfection would be necessary to understand better the effect of S. haematobium on growth.
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Promoting environmental education in South African Schools: Insights from British experiences - Robertson, Alistair (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 1992)
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The Harambee Movement in Kenya: self-help, development and education among the Kamba of Kitui District by Martin J. D. Hill London and Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, The Athlone Press, 1991. Pp. viii + 329. £38·00. - Smith, James H. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1992)
The Harambee Movement in Kenya: self-help, development and education among the Kamba of Kitui District by Martin J. D. Hill London and Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, The Athlone Press, 1991. Pp. viii + 329. £38·00. - Volume 30 Issue 4
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Gambian Religious Leaders Teach About Islam and Family Planning - Turner, Rebecca A. (International family planning perspectives, 1992)
In rural Gambia a project was initiated with the aim to involve religious leaders willing to teach about the connections between Islam health and family planning. It is noted that the religious leaders in this area are relied upon and trusted by the villagers; hence they are effective in reaching the majority of the people. In September 1990 and in August 1991 meetings were held in each of the 26 project villages. The proceedings included a discussion of Islam and family planning benefits of the program and availability of specific methods. It also included the involvement of a nationally known religious leader as support for the project. Overall it is indicated that knowledge of almost all specific methods of family planning was higher after the meetings for both men and women. In addition use of any method increased from 11% for both men and women before the meetings to 24% for men and 30% for women after the meetings. Convincing religious leaders to participate was the main source of difficulty for the project coordinators. Moreover the issue of selective distribution of family planning was identified.
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Farmers' Cooperatives in Nigeria: A Vehicle for Mutual Help and Education. - Ukaga, Okechukwu (1992)
Data for a study of learning within farmers' cooperatives were collected by interviewing members of 25 such cooperatives in Imo State of Nigeria. Information was also gathered from a literature review and interviews with Nigerian government officials who worked closely with cooperatives. Three types of cooperative associations were identified: those where members own and operate communal farms as a group, cooperative societies that facilitate the business of members who remain independent farmers, and a mixture of these two, where a cooperative society operates communal farms and members operate their private farms as well. Learning activities are mostly informal. Members learn through observation and participation. By participating in planning and execution of projects, members develop planning, production, marketing, leadership, public relation, and community development skills. Although extension agents and cooperative inspectors play significant roles in the educational process, members are primarily their own teachers. Most educational activities are carried out according to plans based on needs and directions aimed at correcting weaknesses. Major problems of farmer cooperatives relate to conflicts of interest, poor member education, and lack of storage and processing facilities. Cooperatives contribute positively to the education, business, income, and well-being of their members.
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Re‐thinking teaching english for another South Africa - Wade, J. S. (Journal of Literary Studies, 1992)
Summary The article suggests new directions for the progressive teaching of English based upon Gramsci's notion of counter‐hegemonic struggle and Eagleton's recent study of the European aesthetic lineage in order to facilitate a process of cultural transformation conducive to a radical democratic society. Marxist literary theory needs to move beyond its mimetic and Althusserian models in order to confront fully these new demands. If English is to be the lingua franca of a post‐apartheid South Africa, English departments in universities and schools have a central role to play in this process.
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Student evaluations of teaching effectiveness: a Nigerian investigation - Watkins, David; Akande, Adebowale (Higher Education, 1992)
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Field Investigation of Damage to Islamic Monuments Caused by the Egyptian Earthquake of October 12, 1992 - Wight, James K.; Hryciw, Roman D.; Naaman, Antoine E. (1992)
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Field Investigation of Damage to Islamic Monuments Caused by the Egyptian Earthquake of October 12, 1992 - Wight, James K.; Hryciw, Roman D.; Naaman, Antoine E. (1992)
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Radon monitoring for earthquake prediction, a prospect for use in egypt - Hassib, G.M.; Hammad, F. Hammadi (1992)
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Occupational Social Work Education in South Africa - Mkalipe, Sello (Employee Assistance Quarterly, 1992)
This paper describes findings from a survey by the author, of twenty Schools of Social Work in South Africa and the neighboring so-called "Black Homelands." In addition, the study sought to establish the content, scope and objectives of curricula and opportunities for field placement in OSW.
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Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On Human Settlement Patterns In The West And Central African (WACAF) Region: Response Strategies - Ogbuagu, Stella C. (1992)
Abstract Climatic conditions tend to dictate the pattern of human settlements, such that extremes of climate generally inhibit huge concentrations of human populations. For example, the polar and desert regions of the world attract the sparcest of human settlements. Furthermore, when people settle communities and initiate other social, economic and political activities, some kind of equilibrium is established between them and the environment/climate. It follows that, when such a balance is altered as a consequence of, say, climate change, serious readjustment problems can be anticipated. It is in this regard that the issue of the impacts of climate change on human settlements in the West and Central African (WACAF) region is examined.
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Girls' Participation in Basic Education in Southern Malawi (Comparative Education Review, 1992)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFocus on GenderGirls' Participation in Basic Education in Southern MalawiJean Davison, and Martin KanyukaJean Davison Search for more articles by this author , and Martin Kanyuka Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 36, Number 4Nov., 1992 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/447145 Views: 127Total views on this site Citations: 24Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1992 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Holger Strulik SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND CHILD LABOR-A MODEL OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR, Journal of the European Economic Association 11, no.22 (Apr 2013): 246–277.https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12008Grace Chisamya, Joan DeJaeghere, Nancy Kendall, Marufa Aziz Khan Gender and Education for All: Progress and problems in achieving gender equity, International Journal of Educational Development 32, no.66 (Nov 2012): 743–755.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.10.004Marni Sommer An Overlooked Priority: Puberty in Sub-Saharan Africa, American Journal of Public Health 101, no.66 (Jun 2011): 979–981.https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.300092Holger Strulik School Attendance and Child Labor - A Model of Collective Behavior, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2011).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1773779Cath Conn, Natasha Lovell Life experiences and expectations of young women in Uganda, Journal of Health Organization and Management 24, no.55 (Sep 2010): 505–511.https://doi.org/10.1108/14777261011070529Aramidé Kazeem, Leif Jensen, and C. Shannon Stokes School Attendance in Nigeria: Understanding the Impact and Intersection of Gender, Urban‐Rural Residence, and Socioeconomic Status Kazeem, Jensen, and Stokes, Comparative Education Review 54, no.22 (Jul 2015): 295–319.https://doi.org/10.1086/652139Peter Moyi Household characteristics and delayed school enrollment in Malawi, International Journal of Educational Development 30, no.33 (May 2010): 236–242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.11.008Sonya Anderson The pedagogy of difference: Understanding Teachers’ Beliefs and Practice of Gender Equity in Benin, (May 2009): 39–88.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2009)0000010005Nkobi Owen Pansiri Improving commitment to basic education for the minorities in Botswana: A challenge for policy and practice, International Journal of Educational Development 28, no.44 (Jul 2008): 446–459.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2007.08.003H.D. Subashini ., S. Sekar ., V.R. Sreelekha Devi ., A. Rajam ., S. Malarvannan . Biodegradation of Pesticidal Residue Using Traditional Plants with Medicinal Properties and Trichoderma, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 1, no.33 (Mar 2007): 124–130.https://doi.org/10.3923/rjet.2007.124.130Elena L. Grigorenko Hitting, missing, and in between: a typology of the impact of western education on the non‐western world, Comparative Education 43, no.11 (Feb 2007): 165–186.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050060601162719Mark J. Schafer Household Change and Rural School Enrollment in Malawi and Kenya, The Sociological Quarterly 47, no.44 (Dec 2016): 665–691.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2006.00062.xJohn R. Minnis Nonformal Education and Informal Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Finding the Right Match, Adult Education Quarterly 56, no.22 (Jul 2016): 119–133.https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713605283432Henry V. Doctor Women's schooling and religious affiliation in Malawi at the end of the twentieth century, International Journal of Educational Development 25, no.55 (Sep 2005): 481–492.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.01.001Mark J. Schafer Family Contributions to Self Help Schooling in Malawi and Kenya*, Rural Sociology 70, no.11 (Oct 2009): 70–93.https://doi.org/10.1526/0036011053294646Fiona Leach Gender implications of development agency policies on education and training, International Journal of Educational Development 20, no.44 (Jul 2000): 333–347.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00082-6Changu Mannathoko Theoretical Perspectives on Gender in Education: The Case of Eastern and Southern Africa, (Jan 1999): 445–460.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4076-8_5Fiona Leach Gender, education and training: An international perspective, Gender & Development 6, no.22 (Jul 2010): 9–18.https://doi.org/10.1080/741922727Rosemary Gordon 'Girls cannot think as boys do': Socialising children through the Zimbabwean school system, Gender & Development 6, no.22 (Jul 2010): 53–58.https://doi.org/10.1080/741922729Ray Chesterfield, Kjell Enge Gender, Cognitive Categorization, and Classroom Interaction Patterns of Guatemalan Teachers, Human Organization 57, no.11 (Mar 1998): 108–116.https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.1.h784u01kv8u75011John R. Minnis Moderating the Demand for Primary Education in Malawi, International Journal of Educational Reform 6, no.33 (Jan 2019): 284–296.https://doi.org/10.1177/105678799700600303Ezekiel Kalipeni GENDER AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOLING BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS IN MALAWI, East African Geographical Review 19, no.11 (Mar 1997): 14–32.https://doi.org/10.1080/00707961.1997.9756234Caroline Hodges Persell, Carrie James, Trivina Kang, Karrie Snyder Gender and Education in Global Perspective, (): 407–440.https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36218-5_19Jennifer Rothchild Processes of Gendering and the Institutionalization of Gender in the Family and School: A Case Study from Nepal, (): 265–296.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-2126(05)09010-7
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Vocational Training in Tanzania and the Role of Swedish Support. Jon Lauglo (Comparative Education Review, 1992)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsVocational Training in Tanzania and the Role of Swedish Support. Jon LaugloLynn IlonLynn Ilon Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 36, Number 4Nov., 1992 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/447151 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1992 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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An exploratory analysis of the sense of identity in four divergent South African school contexts - Barnes, Caroline Jill (1992)
South African society is currently negotiating a new future. As a result, the sense of identity amongst all groups in South Africa may be undergoing change. This dissertation attempts to identify what type of sense of identity exists in pupils in four different school environments. These schools ranged from a racially integrated to an isolated and racially separate school. A review of the traditional literature on the self (or sense of identity), reveals that it does not allow for the possibility of change in a sense of identity, or the role that language and the social environment plays in the development of a sense of identity. As a result, Harrean and Sampsonian type thinking was used as the theoretical base of the research. Further, discourse analysis was the method of research used. Different schools were found to exhibit different senses of identity, and the implications of this are discussed.
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Annual survey of South African law 1990, by the School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg: Book review*; Indigenous contract in Bophuthatswana, by Centre for Indigenous Law, University of South Africa: Book review**; Alternative dispute resolution in a contemporary South African context, by A.T. Trollip: Book review** - Beukes, Margaret; Radipati (Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 1992)
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Impaired Immune Response by Isoniazid Treatment During Intravesical BCG Administration in the Guinea Pig - Boer, Liesbeth C. De; Steerenberg, P. A.; Meijden, A.P.M. van der; Klingeren, B. Van; Jong, Wim H. de; Elgersma, Anneke; Debruyne, F.M.J.; Ruitenberg, E. J. (The Journal of Urology, 1992)
No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1992Impaired Immune Response by Isoniazid Treatment During Intravesical BCG Administration in the Guinea Pig Liesbeth C. De Boer, Peter A. Steerenberg, Ad P.M. Van Der Meijden, Bert Van Klingeren, Wim H. De Jong, Anneke Elgersma, Frans M.J. Debruyne, and E. Joost Ruitenberg Liesbeth C. De BoerLiesbeth C. De Boer More articles by this author , Peter A. SteerenbergPeter A. Steerenberg More articles by this author , Ad P.M. Van Der MeijdenAd P.M. Van Der Meijden More articles by this author , Bert Van KlingerenBert Van Klingeren More articles by this author , Wim H. De JongWim H. De Jong More articles by this author , Anneke ElgersmaAnneke Elgersma More articles by this author , Frans M.J. DebruyneFrans M.J. Debruyne More articles by this author , and E. Joost RuitenbergE. Joost Ruitenberg More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36973-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail At present, isoniazid (INH) is being used prophylactically to reduce the side effects of intravesical BCG therapy for superficial bladder cancer, although it is not clear whether or not this reduces the antitumor efficacy of BCG. In this study the impact of INH treatment on the immune response after repeated intravesical BCG administration was investigated in guinea pigs. INH was given on the 3 days around each BCG instillation. We found that the administration of INH severely impaired the immunological effects of BCG. The induction of mononuclear cell infiltration in the bladder wall was reduced. Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes (weight and number of cells), and increase of MHC Class II expression on the lymph node cells, normally observed after intravesical BCG administration, were inhibited by INH. Systemic immunity, measured by the DTH reaction in the skin to PPD, was also diminished due to the combined treatment of BCG with INH. When INH was administered during the last 4 of 6 BCG instillations, the immune response to BCG was still impaired. A five-fold increase of the dose of BCG did not overcome the effect of INH. INH probably did not exert a direct suppression of the immune system of the guinea pig as the DNCB skin reactivity was not influenced. Although INH concentrations in the urine were high at the onset of the instillation, in vitro experiments indicated that the effect of INH may not be caused by killing of the BCG organisms shortly after application in the bladder. In conclusion, our data in guinea pigs suggest that the use of INH may impair the immune response to intravesical BCG. As this response may be important for the antitumor effect of BCG, urologists should be cautious with the prophylactic use of INH. The influence on the antitumor efficacy is now investigated in man. © 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDUREK C, RÜSCH-GERDES S, JOCHAM D and BÖHLE A (2018) INTERFERENCE OF MODERN ANTIBACTERIALS WITH BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN VIABILITYJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 6, (1959-1962), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1999.Vegt P, van der Meijden A, Sylvester R, Brausi M, Holtl W and de Balincourt C (2018) Does Isoniazid Reduce Side Effects of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy in Superficial Bladder Cancer? Interim Results of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Protocol 30911Journal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 4, (1246-1249), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1997.Böhle A, Thanhäuser A, Ulmer A, Ernst M, Flad H and Jocham D (2018) Dissecting the Immunobiological Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) In Vitro: Evidence of a Distinct BCG-Activated Killer (BAK) Cell PhenomenonJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 6, (1932-1937), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1993. Volume 148Issue 5 Part 1November 1992Page: 1577-1582 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1992 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.KeywordsBacillus Calmette-Guérinisoniazidbladderbladder neoplasmsMetricsAuthor Information Liesbeth C. De Boer More articles by this author Peter A. Steerenberg More articles by this author Ad P.M. Van Der Meijden More articles by this author Bert Van Klingeren More articles by this author Wim H. De Jong More articles by this author Anneke Elgersma More articles by this author Frans M.J. Debruyne More articles by this author E. Joost Ruitenberg More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
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Effect of post-training unilateral labyrinthectomy in a spatial orientation task by guinea pigs - Chapuis, Nicole; Krimm, Marielle; Waele, Catherine de; Vibert, Nicolas; Berthoz, Alain (Behavioural Brain Research, 1992)
The effects of unilateral labyrinthectomy in guinea pigs have been studied on an angular orientation task consisting, in an open field, of running to a hidden goal oriented at 45 degrees with respect to the cephalocaudal axis of the animal placed in a starting-box. The task was conducted in light but in an homogeneous environment, i.e. without visual, auditory or olfactory cues indicating the location of the goal. A second group of animals was submitted to a similar task running to a hidden goal but the place of the goal was indicated by a colored card. All the animals were trained before the lesion and tested in their respective task for 1 month after the lesion. In the task conducted without conspicuous cues, animals were dramatically disturbed. In contrast, animals pretrained in the visually guided task were not impaired after the lesion. These results point out the important role of vestibular information in performing spatial tasks based on angular estimation, since, even if proprioceptive and visuokinesthetic information remain available, subjects seemed not able to maintain a correct angular trajectory. The trajectories being not disturbed in the visually guided task, one can exclude the hypothesis that such deficit was due to a purely motor disturbance.
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Sociolinguistic perspectives on the quality of instruction in African primary classrooms - Cleghorn, Ailie (Southern African Linguistics And Applied Language Studies, 1992)
This article is concerned with the effects of national and educational language policies on the quality of primary level instruction in Kenya. It argues that national language policies need to be disentangled from educational matters so that the language used for instruction more directly meets the social as well as the academic requirements of learners. The paper draws on a study of grade eight students' ability to use the mother tongue to write about what has been learned in science lessons. The findings suggest that this ability be actively nurtured, to give students the benefit of current knowledge about the interaction of first and second languages in the learning process. Given even limited amounts of freedom to teach in ways they intuitively know work best, teachers will get their points across. When restricted by language policies that only make sense at the national level for keeping the peace between competing language groups, communication in the classroom suffers.
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Earthquake Hazard and Urban Development in Egypt - Degg, Martin; Doornkamp, J. C. (Third World Planning Review, 1992)
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Relationship Of Attitudes Toward Self, Family, And School With Attitude Toward Science Among Secondary School Students In Zimbabwe - Hodzi, Richard A. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1992)
This paper presents evidence obtained from a survey of forms two, three and four about the relationships of attitude towards self family and school with attitude toward science. Among secondary school students in Zimbabwe three categories of variables were identified namely self-concept, home environment and school environment. The major findings of this study were: 1. That three categories of variables; self, family and classroom environment, contained significant predictors of attitude towards science. 2.Self variables explained between 40%-60% of the variance in attitude towards science. 3. Family variables predicted between 15%-40% of the variance in attitude towards science. 4. Classroom environment variables accountedfor48%-76% of the variance in attitude towards science. 5. The findings also indicate that all three categories of variables have a positive relationship with attitude toward science.
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A survey of the use of blood and blood components among South African anaesthetists working in teaching hospitals. - Irving, Gordon (PubMed, 1992)
A survey of the peri-operative policies for blood and blood component therapy was carried out among anaesthetists in the nine South African teaching hospitals. All anaesthetists completed the questionnaire, without recourse to books or discussion. The survey revealed a possible over-utilisation of blood and blood components in the peri-operative period. There were significant deficiencies in the pre-operative assessment of blood and platelet requirements and the specific indications for platelet, fresh frozen plasma and blood transfusions. A significant number of respondents exhibited poor knowledge of the potential dangers and expense that the use of blood and blood components entails. Educational effort was perceived to be the main method of rationalising the anaesthetist's usage of blood and blood components.
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The Zambia Mathematics Pre-service Programme: Its Ability To Impart Teaching Strategies And Classroom Management Skills As Perceived By Its Graduates. - Kasanda, Choshi D. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1992)
The study being reported in this article was carried out in 1989 as part of a wider research on the evaluation of the pre-service mathematics programme at the Copperbelt Secondary Teachers College (COSETCO) in Zambia. Specifically, this report focuses on the perceptions of 227former students of the College regarding the pre-service programme’s ability to impart both teaching strategies and classroom management skills. The subjects responses on the 10 Likert type statements addressing these two aspects show that former students of COSETCO generally perceive the programme as imparting useful different teaching strategies and classroom management skills to it’s graduates
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Teacher Use of Economics and Cultural Geography for a Middle School Social Studies Class: Planning a Trip to Kenya and Tanzania. - Lynn, Karen (1992)
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Anthropogenic pollution in the Dar es Salaam harbour area, Tanzania - Machiwa, John F. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1992)
Man-made pollutants, namely, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals as well as microbial pollution in the sediments of the harbour channel have been evaluated. Petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, and Zn) are at elevated levels in the port area used for loading and unloading activities. The concentration of the chemicals decreases further offshore, with the exception of cadmium which, surprisingly, is enriched in the sediments at the ship outer anchorage zone. The concentration-depth profile of the sediment core samples show that in general metals are uniformly distributed with depth in the sediment. The between station variation of Mn, Cr and Ni is strongly influenced by grain size differences. Total and faecal coliform bacteria are few in the port area but are extremely abundant at the fish landing beach and close to the sewer outfall.
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Teachers' perceptions of the levels of difficulty of aspects of English language for O-level students in Zimbabwe and their perceptions of the use of literature in English in teaching English language - Maposa, Farai (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1992)
This paper mainly describes and presents the results of a survey carried out in 1990to record teachers’perceptions of the most difficult aspects of English for High School students in Zimbabwe. The 59 questionnaires teachers returned indicated that students.have difficulty with all aspects of English langj.age.They have the greatest difficulty with composition and summary writing andboth written and spoken grammar. The responses also indicated that although reading comprehension is comparatively the least difficult for students, it is also quite a problem to the students. The study also sought, teachers’ views on the use cf literature in teaching English. Although teachers, agreed that literature could be used in teaching most aspects of English, they were uncertain about whether literature could be used in teaching sentence-level grammar. In light of the above findings, this paper presents recommendations on teaching various aspects of English and using literature to teach English language
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Climate, Environmental Change, and Resources of the African Mountains from the Mediterranean to the Equator - Messerli, Bruno; Winiger, Matthias (Mountain Research and Development, 1992)
During the last 20,000 years, the mountains of Africa between the Mediterranean and the equator have experienced significant climatic changes with important consequences for the vegetation and resource potential. At about 18,000 B. P. present altitudinal belts were depressed and the zonation of climate and vegetation was changed considerably. In the Holocene, higher temperatures led not only to more humid conditions but also to an uplifting of altitudinal belts and transformation of climatic and ecological zones and to increased natural resource potential. These changes in climate, vegetation, and altitudinal zonation are illustrated in a series of schematic diagrams. The cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic processes and impacts within the last 2,000 years are also depicted. In particular, human impact on ecosystems formed under more favorable climatic conditions could result in irreversible degradation. The mountains of the subtropics and tropics very often have more advantageous ecological conditions than the surrounding lowlands. They are an important resource potential for the future, although they may be very sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic changes.
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Faculty/student perception of organizational climates in the schools of nursing, Oyo State, Nigeria - Oyeleye, Babatunde Atanda (International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1992)
This study examined the influence of educational status and gender on the faculty and students' perceptions of their school climates. A self-designed questionnaire was used to elicit information from the 385 subjects (320 students and 65 tutors). Analysis using the t-test technique revealed that there were no significant differences at the 0.05 level of probability in the perceptions of: (a) faculty and students on climate variables “thrust” (t = 0.31) and “control” (t = 1.19); and (b) both sexes on climate variables “thrust” (t = 1.69), “control” (t = 1.13) and “disengagement” (t = −0.53). The conclusion therefore, is that educational status and gender have little or no influence on the peoples' perception of their school climates.
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The African Student in the American University. - Riley, Doris (1992)
This paper gathers information on the values, cognition, and educational background of African students studying at universities in the United States. The section on values notes that Americans are task-oriented individualists, while Africans are primarily relationship-oriented collectivists. These values of sharing and relationship orientation mean that the African may have difficulty with the notion of strict deadlines for class projects. In the section on cognition the paper shows that due to sociocultural differences the African may not appear to perform on a sophisticated level. Americans and Africans differ in their organization and development of thought. Americans think in a linear fashion, systematically, sequentially, logically and use specific, explicit language. The typical African thinks globally and non-specifically and as they are a high-context, oral culture, they do not emphasize details. The section on educational background notes that Africans often have two different types of experiences: in the family children receive a moral education through observation, imitation, and listening in an informal setting; and in school they often experience an authoritarian, colonial style, British-model education. Additional sections address the African's expectations for the American teacher (an authoritarian and formal style) and nonverbal aspects of communication (differences in facial expressions ant; in personal space needs). (Contains 68 end notes.) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE AFRICAN STUDENT IN THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
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Short-term changes of climate and vegetation revealed by pollen analysis of hyrax dung in South Africa - Scott, Louis; Vogel, J. C. (Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1992)
A pollen sequence in a relatively young hyrax dung midden in the Orange Free State, South Africa, shows marked changes in composition which can be related to environmental fluctuations. The midden from Clarens was dated by radiocarbon to the last thirty years on the basis of recent radiocarbon concentration levels of the atmosphere, which were artificially increased by extensive nuclear arms testing after 1954. Fluctuations in the pollen contents of the dung sequence conform with recent vegetation changes between 1947 and 1990, which are revealed by a series of air and other photographs. Details of the fluctuating pollen sequence can further be interpreted in terms of short-term meteorological changes which have been recorded at a nearby weather station in Bethlehem, Orange Free State, and in terms of the effects of stock grazing on vegetation of the area.
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Mentoring and the development of African-American graduate students. - Smith, Emilie Phillips; Davidson, William S. (1992)
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Key indicators with policy scenarios for the analysis and planning of primary and secondary education in South Africa: Quantitative input indicator model (Ed‐Q11 model) - Verwey, C T (Development Southern Africa, 1992)
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Study Centres: Key to Success of Field Dependent Learners in Africa. - Wilson, Charles D. (1992)
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Pollution Prevention in Tanzanian Industries - Yhdego, Michael (Environmental Science & Technology, 1992)
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPollution Prevention in Tanzanian IndustriesMichael YhdegoCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 11, 2080–2083Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online25 November 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/es00035a601RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
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Surviving drought & development: Ariaal pastoralists of northern Kenya (Choice Reviews Online, 1992)
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The need for educational reform and the role of teacher training: The case of Papua New Guinea - Ávalos, Beatrice (International Journal of Educational Development, 1992)
Abstract This paper examines the current problems of educational provision in Papua New Guinea which occupied the attention of the 1991 Education Sector Review. These problems include the failure both to achieve universal primary enrolment and to retain primary children entrants over the six year cycle, the limited uptake of upper secondary and higher education opportunities, especially by girls, and the inadequacy of present arrangements for vocational education. The proposals of the 1991 Review are then described concentrating on changes to the educational structure, reforms in the primary school curriculum and the changes, which have already been initiated, to the length and organization of teacher training.
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Action-based learning to improve district management: A case study from Tanzania - Barnett, Elizabeth D.; Ndeki, Sydney (The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 1992)
Abstract Between October 1988 and December 1989, the district health management team (DHMT) of Same District, in Tanzania, tested out an action‐based learning strategy to improve its management capability. The initiative was led by the Centre for Educational Development in Health, Arusha, which was seeking alternatives to institutionbased management training, with support from WHO. The strategy involved the DHMT in an iterative process of problem analysis, action research, problem solving and review. The process combined start‐up and review workshops with on‐going work by the DHMT to tackle problems of primary health care (PHC) implementation. The team monitored its own progress in solving its problems. By December 1989, the team could identify a number of achievements, the most striking being the team spirit it had developed, and its ability to tackle a range of minor problems, and some major problems, facing its PHC work. Following the encouraging results in Same, the Ministry of Health endorsed the strategy, and secured funds to implement it on a wider scale. A further eight districts were introduced to the process. However, whilst there was enthusiasm for the start‐up workshops, the important follow‐up work necessary from regional level failed to take place in time. Insufficient time was given to preparing facilitators, and effective monitoring was not done. Remedial strategies must now be formulated to bring the process back on course. This article demonstrates the importance of ensuring that certain necessary conditions can be met when introducing action‐based learning, as a key continuing education strategy for improving management at district level.
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Support at Home and Academic Achievement of Nigerian Pupils - Bolarin, T. A. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1992)
(1992). Support at Home and Academic Achievement of Nigerian Pupils. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 132, No. 5, pp. 685-686.
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Attitudes to Hearing Aid use in Nigerian Patients - Chukuezi, A. B. (Tropical Doctor, 1992)
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Health Beliefs and Practices of Kenyan Primary School Students - Clark, Noreen M.; Muugi, George K.; Gallant, Mary P. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1992)
A study of 224 primary school students in Kenya was conducted to determine if health belief model variables predicted their health behavior, specifically, using safe drinking water. One health belief model construct, belief in benefits, was associated with the behavior ( p = .05). Living in an urban environment ( p = .01), and proximity to a tap ( p = .004) were also significant predictors of safe water use. Implications for further research and health education programs are discussed.
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THE POLITICAL MYTHOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD IN SOUTH AFRICAN TEACHER EDUCATION∗ - Enslin, Penny (Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 1992)
∗∗ A version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Comparative and International Education Society, Harvard Graduate School of Education, March‐April 1989. I thank Pam Christie, Shirley Pendlebury and Peter Randall for comments and suggestions.
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Kandioura Drame: The novel as transformation myth: a study of the novels of Mongo Beti and Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. (Foreign and Comparative Studies. African Series, 43.) xi, 123 pp. Syracuse, N.Y.: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, 1990. - Ezeigbo, Theodora Akachi (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1992)
Kandioura Drame: The novel as transformation myth: a study of the novels of Mongo Beti and Ngugi Wa Thiong'o. (Foreign and Comparative Studies. African Series, 43.) xi, 123 pp. Syracuse, N.Y.: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, 1990. - Volume 55 Issue 3
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An Investigation of History Teaching in Ethiopian Senior Secondary Schools - Fisseha, Abebe (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 1992)
The study was conducted to investigate the teaching of history with respect to four associated problems, viz., the basic reasoning for the placement of history in the senior secondary school curriculum, the practices and processes of syllabus development, the teaching strategies, methods and techniques, and the teaching materials used both in the past and the present. To e d both historical and descriptive-survey research techniques were employed. The historical research} ~ (attempted to investigate what happened and why it happened in definite chronological. period It indicated trends, developments, phases, irrespective of past history teaching in Ethiopian senior secondary schools. Main findings of the historical study were: (i) The inclusion of history in the senior secondary school curriculum was concomitant development with the beginning of secondary education in the country; (ii) At the earlier stage the history syllabi were solely constructed by subject specialists; (iii) Before 1963 the teaching of history was not aimed enquiry approach stands out as the most important ones. Al though the teaching of biology cannot be seen out of the context of the general educational system at this level, the excessive domination of verbalism in biology classrooms has led to what has been called a dead study of life.
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Multicultural Education Training for Special Educators Working with African-American Youth - Ford, Bridgie Alexis (Exceptional Children, 1992)
Inservice training in multicultural education helps provide special education classroom teachers with the additional competencies needed to work more effectively with African-American students with disabilities. A pilot study was conducted to assess the perceptions of special education administrators in Ohio about multicultural inservice training and the nature of their exposure to multicultural education. Results indicate that special education administrators perceive that special education teachers should be involved in multicultural educational training programs with special emphasis on African-American students and their families. The results also reveal that personnel responsible for conducting such inservice programs may lack formal training. Author recommendations include the need for special educators to actively participate in high-quality, ongoing, multicultural education inservice programming conducted by personnel who have been formally prepared.
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Culturally Sensitive Instructional Practices for African-American Learners with Disabilities - Franklin, Mary E. (Exceptional Children, 1992)
This article discusses the cultural and educational needs of African-American learners with disabilities. Six theoretical assumptions establish some basic suppositions about culturally and linguistically diverse learners and effective instructional practices. A review of the literature describes African-American cultural practices, interests, and cognitive styles; highlights the attitudes, perceptions, and instructional practices of effective teachers of African-American students; and includes patterns of teacher-student and peer-group interactions that promote high academic achievement among African-American learners. Recommendations include organizing teaching, learning, and performance in ways that are compatible with the social structure of African-American students with disabilities.
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Restructuring the Participation of African-American Parents in Special Education - Harry, Beth (Exceptional Children, 1992)
Two traditions have combined to contribute to a form of discourse that is detrimental to the participation of African-American parents in special education procedures: first, a deficit view of African-American families and, second, the deficit view of children's learning difficulties on which P.L. 94–142 is based. These deficit views, together with the focus by many professional educators on legal compliance rather than collaboration, have cast parents in the role of consent-giver in a grossly asymmetrical form of discourse, with power residing mostly with professionals. Four specific parental roles—including parents in assessment, placement, policymaking, and advocacy—would restore the balance of power in parent-professional discourse. Future research should focus on the documentation of egalitarian participation structures for African-American parents and on action-oriented ethnographic studies.
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‘Dangerous to eat’: rethinking pollution states among the Nuer of Sudan - Hutchinson, Sharon (Africa, 1992)
Abstract This article offers a novel interpretation of a highly complex and deadly form of pollution ( nueer ) that powerfully shapes contemporary social relations among the Nuer of Sudan. Through a careful examination of the myriad events thought to trigger off the condition nueer , the author challenges earlier attempts by Evans-Pritchard to interpret this condition via Judaeo-Christian notions of ‘sin’. It is argued that nueer is better understood as a pollution concept that distinguishes—via the notion ‘dangerous to eat’ —blood flows that are culturally denned as negative, death-ridden and anomalous from others deemed to be properly mediated, positive and life-promoting. As a powerful force governing the social circulation of blood and food, nueer helps to ground these more abstract distinctions in the immediacies of bodily experience, thereby lending them greater significance and intensity.
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TRAINING OF RAILROAD PERSONNEL IN MOZAMBIQUE. - Jagou, Roland (Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 1992)
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Sexual behaviors of African-American male college students and the risk of HIV infection. - Johnson, Robert L.; Douglas, Walter; Nelson, Andrew F. (PubMed, 1992)
A survey of the rates of sexually transmitted diseases and protective sexual behaviors among a population of African-American male college students demonstrates that although monogamy, avoidance of casual sexual activity, and the avoidance of the use of drugs and alcohol during sexual activity tends to decrease the risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, consistent condom use is the only sexually related behavior that is significantly protective.
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Maturation of binaural interaction components in auditory brainstem responses of young guinea pigs with monaural or binaural conductive hearing loss - Laska, Matthias; Walger, Martin; Schneider, I.; Wedel, H. von (European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 1992)
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Developing higher education libraries in Papua New Guinea - Lee, Hwa-Wei; Evans, John A. (Information Development, 1992)
Summarizes the findings and recommendations of a 1991 survey of higher education libraries in Papua New Guinea. Six major libraries were identified as the major building blocks of a proposed Papua New Guinea Library and Information Network (PNGLINET). The situation of most other higher education libraries was very poor.
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Depression and Suicidal Ideation in African-American and Hispanic American High School Students - Lester, David; Anderson, Dennis (Psychological Reports, 1992)
21 Hispanic American students in an urban New Jersey high school obtained higher depression and suicidal ideation scores than 42 African-American students.
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Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth‐Century Notable: Dale F. Eickelman - Mokhtari, Mimoun (Digest of Middle East Studies, 1992)
Digest of Middle East StudiesVolume 1, Issue 4 p. 44-49 Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth-Century Notable: Dale F. Eickelman Mimoun Mokhtari Ph.D., Mimoun Mokhtari Ph.D. Ecole des Sciences de l'Information, RabatSearch for more papers by this author Mimoun Mokhtari Ph.D., Mimoun Mokhtari Ph.D. Ecole des Sciences de l'Information, RabatSearch for more papers by this author First published: Fall 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1992.tb00394.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume1, Issue4Fall 1992Pages 44-49 RelatedInformation
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Storm & Sanctuary: The Journey of Ethiopian & Eritrean Women Refugees // Review - Moussa, Helene (Resources for Feminist Research, 1992)
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An American anesthesia training program in East Africa. - Nm, Greene (PubMed, 1992)
A unique 5-year program designed to improve the quality and availability of anesthesia care in developing nations has been initiated in East Africa. Based upon North American anesthesiologists serving as volunteer teachers, the program emphasizes teaching to the exclusion of taking over anesthesia care. The teaching is practical and relevant to the clinical practice of anesthesia in developing countries. The volunteers teachers serve, one at a time, 12 months of the year for several years in two pre-existing structured East African anesthesia training programs, thereby providing the advantages of consistent, reliable teaching assistance for a period of years to programs of demonstrable interest and experience in anesthesia training.
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Training needs and methods of training in information technology for Nigerian special library services - Nweke, Ken M.C. (Information services & use, 1992)
Combination of questionnaire and interview instruments was used to obtain information from the Head Librarians of 45 major Nigerian special libraries in government supported institutions. The questionnaire dealt with the years they learnt about information technology and its applications in special library services, the methods of training in information technology and their applications in special library services. Analysis of information obtained revealed that those who first formally learnt about information technology and its applications in special library services began in 1964. It also revealed methods the 45 Head Librarians used to learn about information technology and its applications in special library services. The methods were catalogued and discussed. Computing skills of library and information science educators, available information technology as well as constraints of training in information technology in Nigerian library schools were also discussed. Suggestions were then made for improved training in information technology.
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Embracing New Special Education Strategies for African-American Students - Obiakor, Festus E. (Exceptional Children, 1992)
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Self-Concept of African-American Students: An Operational Model for Special Education - Obiakor, Festus E. (Exceptional Children, 1992)
African-American students who fail in school programs are presumed to have a “low” self-concept. However, this view fails to recognize self-concept as an observable, describable, situation-specific, and measurable phenomenon. In addition, it ignores the cultural biases and prejudices inherent in current self-concept assessment tools. In contrast, the operational model of self-concept, which defines self-descriptive behavior, permits identification of styles, strengths, and weaknesses in the areas of self-concept. The article explores methods for enhancing self-concepts of African-American students and accommodating multicultural perspectives.
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Ventriculo peritoneal shunts in children. A ten year experience at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu-Nigeria. - Okoro, B. A.; Ohaegbulam, SC (PubMed, 1992)
In a ten year period (1977--1986) one hundred and fifty children with hydrocephalus who received ventriculo-peritoneal shunt as their modality of treatment were followed up. Seventy-one per cent of these children were neonates and infants, the majority of them presenting within the first 3 months of onset of symptoms and signs. The major causes of hydrocephalus in these children were congenital malformations, meningitis, tumours and trauma. Pudenz shunt systems were favoured in the 1977--81 period, while 1982--86 period witnessed an upsurge of self devised catheters because of dwindling national economy. The latter were cheaper and more readily available. Apart from blockage of shunts which occurred more in self devised catheters, the performance of these catheters in terms of shunt infections and other complications were same in both self devised and conventional catheters. The main complications encountered were blockage and infection of the shunts, while rare complications included migration and extrusion of shunts to and from the peritoneal cavity, CSF ascites and recurrent abdominal cysts.
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Re-assessing disability: The impact of schistosomal infection on daily activities among women in Gezira Province, Sudan - Parker, Melissa (Social Science & Medicine, 1992)
Schistosoma mansoni is often perceived by governments and international aid agencies to present a major public health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical world. This perception persists in spite of the fact that biomedical practitioners and research workers disagree about the nature and extent of disease and disability caused by schistosomes. This paper raises the question of whether S. mansoni should continue to be given priority as a public health problem in Gezira Province, Sudan. Biomedical and continuous observational data are blended with ethnographic information in order to develop a more integrated picture of the impact of S. mansoni on daily activity patterns among women. Research took place in one village in the Gezira/Managil irrigation scheme. The study is characterized by a small sample and a paired design. That is, 11 infected women were paired with 11 uninfected women. These women were engaged in agricultural activities in the cotton picking season and they were matched for a wide range of social and economic factors that might otherwise have affected their working activities. Observations were conducted on a minute by minute basis in the cotton fields. These data, in combination with ethnographic information and data indicating female productive output, showed that infection with S. mansoni significantly altered activity patterns in the cotton fields. That is, infected women (with an arithmetic mean egg output of 1958 eggs/g) attempted to pick as much cotton as possible in the shortest time period feasible in the morning. This pattern was partially repeated by infected women who returned to the fields in the afternoon. However, a significant number of infected women felt too weak to sustain this work regime and the economic implications of this finding are discussed. Finally, Fisher's exact probability test showed that infected women were significantly less likely to undertake personal care activities between cotton picking sessions and this result suggests they may have been too tired and/or had a diminished perception of their own well-being. The implications of these results for public health policy in Gezira Province are discussed.
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Assessment and Identification of African-American Learners with Gifts and Talents - Patton, James M. (Exceptional Children, 1992)
This article presents a schema designed to guide the development of theory, methodology, and research related to the psychoeducational assessment of African-American learners with gifts and talents. The relationships among African-American worldviews, needed psychoeducational assessment theory and methodology, and desirable assessment and identification instruments and practices are explored. Assessment paradigms, instruments, and practices most reliable and valid for identifying gifts and talents among African-American learners are offered.
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Medical education, healthcare and development in Africa. - Sh, Brew-Graves (PubMed, 1992)
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Love Attitudes of White South African and British University Students - Stones, Christopher R. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1992)
The Munro-Adams Love Attitude Scale was administered to 133 randomly chosen final-year undergraduate White South African and British university students in this examination of their attitudes toward love, courtship, and marriage in relation to the observation that, although South African tertiary educational institutions exist within the authoritarian and restrictive culture of apartheid, they nevertheless are modeled on the British educational system, which has its roots deeply embedded within a politically democratic context. Results indicated that the South African sample's endorsement of the love attitude items was weaker, except for those pertaining to the power of love, than that of their British counterparts. In addition, the South African scores were lower than those previously reported in other similar cross-cultural research, and there was a differential ranking of the three love styles by the male and female subjects.
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Drought Hazard in Morocco - Swearingen, Will D. (Geographical Review, 1992)
Drought hazard has been increasing in Morocco during the present century, because of the extension of cultivation into marginal low-rainfall areas and because of reduction of fallow. These processes have been caused by the effects of European colonization, population pressure, scarcity of viable new cropland, and other factors. Loss of food security has further increased Moroccan vulnerability to drought. Twice during the 1980s, drought-related rioting demonstrated the strong links among drought, food security, and political stability. GLOBAL warming threatens to increase the incidence and severity of drought in many parts of the developing world. Mexico, Central America, eastern Brazil, northern Argentina, northwestern Africa, western Arabia, southern Africa, the Horn of Africa, western Africa, and parts of eastern Asia will possibly experience declining rainfall, increasing evapotranspiration, and drier soils, which will make these areas more vulnerable to drought (WRI 1990; Houghton, Jenkins, and Ephraums 1990). Increasing drought will probably bring significant declines in agricultural productivity to many developing countries. Unfortunately, most of the vulnerable developing countries are already troubled by crucial imbalances between rapidly growing populations and existent constraints on food-production capabilities. Increasing drought has ominous implications for both food security and political stability in the developing world. To estimate the effect of global warming on developing countries, it is necessary to assess not only the probable magnitude of climate changes but also how they are likely to be filtered through different socio-environmental contexts. This article examines drought in the socio-environmental context of Morocco, a representative drought-prone developing country. Two principal arguments are advanced. First, contrary to prevailing tradition, drought should be viewed primarily as a socioeconomic phenomenon, not a physical one. Far from being merely a matter of unfavorable meteorological conditions, drought is essentially a question of their socioeconomic effects. As I will argue, drought as a socioeconomic phenomenon can occur even when meteorological conditions remain normal. Second, if the social and environmental context changes through time, vulnerability to drought alters accordingly (Mitchell, Devine, and Jagger 1989). Variations in population, technology, landuse, and other factors can either amplify or reduce the drought hazard in any area, independent of * Research for this article was supported by grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Program on Peace and International Cooperation and from the Human Dimensions of Global Change Program, National Science Foundation. * DR. SWEARINGEN is an adjunct assistant professor of geography at Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.10 on Mon, 08 Aug 2016 06:09:56 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW physical processes. The drought hazard in Morocco has been progressively increasing during most of the twentieth century, largely because of the effects of European colonization, population pressure, the scarcity of viable new cropland, agricultural intensification, and governmental policies. The same general process has probably been occurring in neighboring North African countries as well as in other large regions of the developing world (Glantz 1990; Swearingen forthcoming).
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Seismicity of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, 1982–1990 - Tabod, Charles T.; Fairhead, J. D.; Stuart, G. W.; Ateba, Bekoa; Nfomou, Ntepe (Tectonophysics, 1992)
This paper is dedicated to Soba Djallo, Director of IRGM, who died in 1991 Results of seismic monitoring of the continental segment of the Cameroon Volcanic Line for the period 1982 to 1990 are reported. Mount Cameroon continues to be seismically the most active area with a well defined seismicity pattern characterized by single and swarm events with duration magnitudes between 2 and 3 occurring at depths down to 55 km. On average, the earthquakes here occur at the rate of about 2 events every 3 days. Further north, the seismicity is low except for isolated felt events located along the Foumban Shear Zone which probably controls the location of the earthquakes as well as the volcanic centres making up the volcanic line. During this eight-year period two fatal carbon dioxide gas emissions from crater lakes occurred in 1984 (L. Monoun) and 1986 (L. Nyos) causing 37 and 1700 deaths respectively. Seismic monitoring indicates that no seismic activity was associated with these lakes thus favouring an aseismic cause to the disasters. These gas emissions, the increased number of felt earthquakes and a recent natural explosion on Mount Cameroon suggest either a more active phase of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and/or a greater awareness by the local population of the phenomena associated with this volcanic province.
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Math and Science Education For African-American Youth: A Curriculum Challenge - Tobias, Randolf (NASSP Bulletin, 1992)
The recommendations offered here are applicable to all youths in mathe matics and science. The emphasis, however, is placed on African-Ameri cans, because not enough of these youngsters are doing well in these subject areas.
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School Choice for African-American Children Who Live in Poverty - Trent, Stanley C. (Urban Education, 1992)
The Bush administration currently supports the concept of school choice as a means to counter the negative effects of public school systems that have not maintained standards of excellence. Futhermore, this administration, along with some policy advocates and practitioners, contends that parental choice plans will improve the quality of education for low-income minority students who are at risk for school failure. This article argues against this policy proposal from historical and sociocultural perspectives.
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Assessing Vocational Education Outcomes: With Special Reference to Ethiopia - Wan-na, LI (1992)
This paper attempts to elucidate the condi tionthat led to the ntroduction of vocational programsinto secondary schools in Ethiopia .The viability of vocational programs correlateswith other development processes . In the ab en cof this ~ no educational programs could contributemuch to the society . In the Ethiopian situation ~the role of vocational education has not beenassessed to ascertain its benefits . Theintroduction of a program into any school systemshould not be an end in itself.
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Factors Predicting Zimbabwean Students' Intentions To Use Condoms - Wilson, David J.; Zenda, A.; McMaster, John; Lavelle, S. (Psychology & Health, 1992)
Abstract It is important to develop and apply AIDS prevention models. The capacity of the theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour to predict intended condom use was tested, using self-administered questionnaires. among 179 male and 123 female Zimbabwean teacher-trainees. Over 93% of males and 72% of females were sexually experienced. Scale reliabilities, which ranged from 0.46-0.90, were reasonable. Data were analyzed using multiple regression with hierarchical entry, first of the Theory of Reasoned Action dimensions, then the additional Theory of Planned Behaviour components. The additional elements of the Theory of Planned Action contributed little to the Theory of Reasoned Action, whose predictive capacity was itself largely accounted for by attitude towards behaviour. Concerns about the measurement of subjective norm are considered. With this proviso, results support the use of skills-based, cognitive-behavioural modification techniques to alter underlying beliefs and expectations respecting condoms. Key Words: AIDSbeliefsintentionsintended condom use
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Piezo-electric middle ear implant hearing aid experimental model in guinea-pig - Zennaro, O.; Dumon, T.; Jp, Erre; Guillaume, Anne; Jm, Aran (Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1992)
Some mixed or sensorineural hearing losses currently depend on conventional hearing aids. But during the last 5 years hearing aids implanted in the middle ear have been under study. Using a piezo-electric transducer, an animal model in guinea pig was developed. Chronic and acute experimentations were realised. With piezo electric transducer chronically implanted, thresholds for click evoqued action potentials of the auditory nerve required electric level of about 100 mV. The vibrator was well tolerated. Then other positions of the vibrator were tested during acute experimentations. It appears that the best place to put the vibrator is on the ossicular chain. These results confirm other studies from Yanagihara and all.
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The Objectives and Content of the Ethiopian School English Syllabus: Its Adequacy, Relevence and Effectiveness - Zewdie, Marew (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 1992)
A Language syllabus is an educational docwnent;1,n fact, it is a record of corrunitments andaccountability. It directs progress andindicates destination. To serve these purposes,it needs to be adequate (complete) in containingthe requirements as a guide for ' theteaching-learning proc.ess, relevant (suitable)to the situation it intends to serve, andeffective (yeilding) in producing expectedlearning outcomes. How is the Ethiopian SchoolEnglish Syllabus in the light of these issues:Adequacy, Relevance and effectiveness? Thisthree-part study starts with a background surveyof the design and use of language syllabuses,followed by a view on the Ethiopian SchoolEnglish Syllabus (ESES), and concludes with somesuggestions. It is feU that this type of studywill be very helpful, particularly, at a timewhen the Ethiopian School Curriculwn in generaland the language syllabus in particular are underscrutiny .
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The Long and Winding Road. A look at applications for disability grants in South Africa - Baron, Geoff (South African Family Practice, 1992)
The question of application for disability grants is a subject that was shrouded in mystery at our clinic - everybody professed ignorance and bewilderment with the processes involved and a lack of faith in the system as it is operating. No one knew of any guidelines, so by using a specific patient as a poiguant example, I have tried to explore the processes involved and the guidelines that exist for the approval of applications. The wilder implications of a disability grant request for the patient and the doctor-patient relationship are also briefly discussed. It is hoped that the following will be of use to GPs who are required to take part in the process of application for a disability grant on behalf of their patients.
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The Happy Farmer: A Student Composition from Roman Egypt - Cribiore, Raffaella (Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 1992)
Raffaella Cribiore THANKS TO ROBERT KASTER'S recent study of grammarians in late antiquity,l we now have a better understanding of how these guardians of lived, of their place in society, their social relations, and their economic circumstances. Despite his limited mobility, the grammarian emerges as a formidable custos of language and tradition, entrusted with providing a firm base of continuity in a changing world. Language, its conventions, and the texts of the traditional poets were endlessly scrutinized to illustrate and confirm the grammarian's rules. Because the profession was bound by tradition and convention, a grammarian's classroom would not have differed much from one part of the empire to another. Yet little in the literary sources actually tells what went on in his classes. For this we must turn to the surviving school exercises. These texts have in the past received only marginal attention. As soon as a literary passage was identified as a student's schoolroom exercise, its value as a witness for a given text was held suspect because of its provenance. When the exercise brought to light a student's effort at original composition, it was treated with even greater disregard. But the composition on the tablet presented here can claim at least the merit of shedding some light on ancient educational practices. These ten lines, concerning the life of a hardworking but happy farmer, show something of the percolation of ideas and motifs from a higher level of education to the grammarian's classroom; and the cross-shaped signs drawn at the end of each line offer an opportuni ty for examining the different methods of writing verse in the schools.
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Education in sub-Saharan Africa: a source book (Choice Reviews Online, 1992)
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Relationship between parental socio‐economic status, sex and initial pubertal problems among school‐going adolescents in Nigeria - Adegoke, AA (Journal of Adolescence, 1992)
Journal of AdolescenceVolume 15, Issue 3 p. 323-326 Brief Report Relationship between parental socio-economic status, sex and initial pubertal problems among school-going adolescents in Nigeria Alfred Adegoke, Corresponding Author Alfred Adegoke n/a@dne.dne Reprint requests should be addressed to Alfred Adegoke, Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author Alfred Adegoke, Corresponding Author Alfred Adegoke n/a@dne.dne Reprint requests should be addressed to Alfred Adegoke, Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author First published: September 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90034-3Citations: 1 Please note that a detailed and extended form of this research report is available upon request from A. A. Adegoke (PhD.), Department of Guidance and Counselling Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, West Africa. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume15, Issue3September 1992Pages 323-326 RelatedInformation
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF CORRESPONDENCE EDUCATION TO DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA, 1927-1987 - Adekanmbi, Gbolagade (1992)
A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
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Culinary metaphors in Western medicine: a dilemma of medical students in Africa - Ahmed, Hafsa; Ogala, WN; Ibrahim, Mohammed (Medical Education, 1992)
A study was conducted of African medical students in two schools to determine their level of understanding of some culinary metaphors in medicine, particularly those used in the description of certain paediatric conditions. The results showed that the vast majority of medical students and young resident doctors are not familiar with many of the European foods, fruits and beverages that are commonly used in medical textbooks to describe disease conditions. In describing disease, it is suggested that medical educators and authors in Europe should endeavour to use terms that are simple and universal. They should not assume universal knowledge of fruits and dishes available in their environment. Medical educators in Africa should also simplify the description by using appropriate terms.
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EDUCATION AND EARNING IN EDO AND DELTA STATES OF NIGERIA - Aigbokhan, Ben E. (Caderno de Resumos da ... Feira de Iniciação em Engenharia de Limeira, 1992)
Education is widely recognised as a major source of economic growth through its effect on productivity. Most developing countries made giant strides in the decades up to the 1970s in terms of creating access to education by committing sizeable funds to the sector. However, since the 1980s, in the face of pressing economic problem, many countries cut back on their investment in education. In the face of declining educational quality and access, there have been calls for increased allocation of financial resources to the sector. This paper examines, as a basis of assessing the justification of allocating more funds to education more specifically but critically, the rationale of the call for return to education. This is done at four levels of classification, namely, by level of educational attainment, by sex, by employment category, and by geographical sector. The results show that return to education is positive and rises with more education, thus justifying the call for more resources. The results also show that there is mixed evidence on return to education by sex in the two states. There are similarly mixed evidence with regard to sector and employment category. However, the fact that some differentiation in return to education by these levels of categorisation exists is suggestive of the existence of dual labour market, albeit a rough indication. There is thus the need for public policies to further integrate the labour market, at least because of the implication for rural-urban migration and for equity.
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Duration of multidrug therapy in paucibacillary leprosy patients; experience in the leprosy control program of the All Africa Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT) in Ethiopia. - Becx-Bleumink, M (PubMed, 1992)
Multidrug therapy (MDT), according to the recommendations of a WHO Study Group of 1982, was introduced in the leprosy control program of the All Africa Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT), Ethiopia, in January 1983. Of 6042 paucibacillary patients who were put on MDT during a period of 7 years, 5485 patients (90.8%) completed the course of MDT; 437 patients (7.2%) did not fulfill the requirement for clinic attendance and either discontinued MDT themselves or the treatment was discontinued by the service. The remaining 120 patients (2.0%) either died, were transferred, left the control area or continued MDT after 9 months. The urine spot test for the presence of dapsone showed a significantly higher proportion of positive results for patients on MDT than for patients on dapsone. The analysis of the compliance with the prescribed doses of MDT showed that of 963 patients, 81.9% received six doses of MDT and 18.1%, more than six doses; 82.6% of these 963 patients attended with 100% regularity, 12.7%, 3.6%, and 1.1% missed one, two, or three clinic appointments, respectively, while fulfilling the requirement for overall clinic attendance. Of the 429 patients who had not been treated with dapsone before MDT, the skin lesions were clinically active at the time of stopping MDT in 130 patients (30.3%). In all, except one of the 114 patients (0.9%) who attended for follow-up examinations, the skin lesions had become clinically inactive within 2 years after stopping MDT. The recommended duration of MDT is discussed based on findings in the ALERT leprosy control programs and observations by others.
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Relapses among leprosy patients treated with multidrug therapy: experience in the leprosy control program of the All Africa Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT) in Ethiopia; practical difficulties with diagnosing relapses; operational procedures and criteria for diagnosing relapses. - Becx-Bleumink, M (PubMed, 1992)
Multidrug therapy (MDT), according to the recommendations of a WHO Study Group of 1982, was introduced in the leprosy control program of the All African Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT), Ethiopia, in January 1983. Paucibacillary (PB) patients are treated with 6 months of MDT. Multibacillary (MB) patients are treated with at least 2 years of MDT and until skin-smear negativity. An analysis was made of the relapses which had been diagnosed among self-reporting patients in four rural districts and Addis Ababa. Among 3065 PB patients, 34 relapses (1.1%) were diagnosed during an average period of 6.1 years after stopping MDT (range 2 1/2 to 7 1/2 years). Among 2379 MB patients, 24 relapses (1.0%) were diagnosed during an average period of 4.7 years after stopping MDT (range 2 1/2 to 6 years). The estimated relapse rate per 1000 patient-years after release from MDT was 2.1 for PB patients and 2.4 for MB patients. From the analysis of the clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological findings, it was concluded that there was strong positive evidence for the diagnosis for 16 of the 34 relapses in the PB patients and for 0 of the 24 relapses in the MB patients. The main cause for overdiagnosis of MB relapses was that too much reliance had been put on skin-smear results, without a careful comparison of the results with those from before, during, and at completion of MDT; the diagnosis was based on the finding of positive smears in one set of smears only; insufficient attention was given to finding solid-staining bacilli; and findings in biopsies, if these were examined, did not confirm the diagnosis. The main cause of overdiagnosis of PB relapses was that too much reliance was put on histological findings, while these are often inconclusive for differentiating between a relapse and late reversal reaction. Recommendations are made on how to limit overdiagnosis of relapses. Operational procedures and criteria for making the diagnosis under conditions where facilities for back-up histological and mouse foot pad investigations are not available are proposed.
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