Organisation of Public Management Education in Africa’s Crisis Situation – Lessons of a Nigerian Experience - Ayeni, Victor (International Journal of Public Sector Management, 1990)
Public sector management education in the developing countries of the third world is focused on with regard to the situtation in Nigeria. The efforts and potential of a particular management training institution, the Faculty of Administration at Obafemi Awolowo University, are reviewed, first by tracing the development of its management training programmes and then outlining the current courses and activities. An assessment is made of the institution′s programmes as a credible management training response to the particular problems it faces in the current African situation, and it is found that the institution may not fully appreciate the new role‐expectations built around it as detailed in The World Bank report (1987) on management training for African development. Recommendations are given for African training institutions in general: future policy cannot exclude the reality of the particular country′s economic situation; existing personnel must be encouraged to specialise; there must be flexible arrangements for teaching and consultancy; adequate resources must be available; and there must be a fundamental change in the philosophy of the training institutions.
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A Study of the Relationship between Moral Judgment and Religious Attitude of Algerian University Students - Bouhmama, Djilali (British Journal of Religious Education, 1990)
This investigation is an attempt to explore the possible relationship between moral judgment scores and religious attitude scores of ninety‐five Algerian students, University of Oran, Algeria. The age of the whole sample ranged from nineteen to twenty‐six years with a mean age of 23.6. Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) was used to assess the participants’ moral judgment, and a religious attitude scale devised by the author was employed to assess their religious attitude. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between moral judgment scores and religious attitude scores of the subjects. Results are discussed in the light of the findings of similar studies previously conducted on the relationship between the religious and moral variables.
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A Conceptual Framework for Preservice Programme Development in Educational Administration: A Case Application for the Republic of Rwanda′s Education System - Bugingo, Emmanuel; Verduin, John R. (Journal of Educational Administration, 1990)
The pertinent literature is reviewed and a paradigm or a framework is presented to guide conceptualisation and implementation for the programme development process in educational administration in an African country, Rwanda. The framework components include four dimensions and related systematic conceptual levels and procedural stages. It is argued that improvement of education requires the definition of the goals of educational administration, the upgrading of the instruction for on‐the‐job practitioners, and the development of a pre‐service programme for prospective school administrators responsible for efficient and effective management of the centralised educational system. The framework claims to be a disciplinary matrix for developing a pre‐service programme in the field of educational administration.
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Reforming the Racial Curriculum: curriculum change in desegregated schools in South Africa - Christie, Pam (British Journal of Sociology of Education, 1990)
Abstract This article analyses curriculum changes that have accompanied the reform movement to desegregate private and religious schools in South Africa. In a context of racially segregated State schooling, the 'open' schools have admitted students of all races to what were previously white schools. An examination of the curriculum practices of these schools reveals different patterns in terms of the extent to which schools have modified their practices to acknowledge their black enrolments, and their different approaches to the political crisis in South Africa. The article suggests that the assimilationist practices of most of the open schools illustrate their limits as a reform movement; but it suggests also that they are the only schooling venture during this period that has engaged with issues of desegregation in South Africa in a sustained way.
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High prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians. Mauritius Noncommunicable Disease Study Group - Dowse, Gary K.; Gareeboo, H.; Zimmet, Paul; Alberti, K. G. M. M.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Fareed, D.; Brissonnette, L. G.; Finch, C. F. (Diabetes, 1990)
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The Kenyan Conundrum. A Regional Analysis of Population Growth and Primary Education in Kenya - Gould, W. T. S. (Population Studies, 1990)
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The determinants of sexuality among adolescent school girls in Kenya. - Lema, Valentino M. (PubMed, 1990)
One thousand seven hundred and fifty one Secondary school girls aged 12 to 19 years were interviewed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. 416 (23.8%), of them reported to have been sexually experienced at the time of the study. 4.1% of the sexually experienced girls had started sex below the age of 10 years, some of whom had been raped. The low and middle class private schools in the city centre had higher incidence of sexually experienced girls. The same was observed in those girls staying away from their parents. Majority of the sexually experienced girls had started coitus within one to two years of attaining menarche or having a boyfriend. Some of these girls may have been forced to indulge in sex by the men/boys or circumstances. Lack of factual knowledge, parental guidance and lust for material gains are some of the factors the girls felt may be responsible for the upsurge in adolescent sexual behaviour. The role played by these factors in adolescent sexuality is discussed, and possible remedial measures are suggested.1751 secondary school girls aged 12-19 years in Nairobi, Kenya were interviewed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. 416 (23.8%) of them reported being sexually experienced (SE) at the time. 4.1% of the SE girls had started being sexually active below the age of 10 years; some of them had been raped. The lower and middle class private schools in the city center had a higher incidence of SE girls. The same was seen in those girls staying away from their parents. the majority of the SE girls had started coitus within 1 to 2 years of attaining menarche or having a boyfriend. Some girls may have been forced to indulge in sex by the man/boys or circumstances. Lack of factual knowledge, parental guidance and lust for material gains are some of the factors the girls felt may be responsible for the upsurge of adolescent sex behavior. The role played be these factors in adolescent sexuality is discussed, and possible remedial measures are suggested. The youngest age at 1st coitus was 5 years. Some of those who started below the age of 10 were still active and did not seem to be sorry about it. Girls seem to feel that they are ready to have sex when their breasts develop and after menarche. They then look good to boys, who start dating them and pressuring them for sex. The girls seem to be involved with mature, self-supporting men, which would mean that they might be having sex for material gains. The girls felt patents, especially mothers, have let them down. 1 reason for this is that the mothers have affairs. Their parents are not strict. In some cases, parents share their room with grownup children and they see what goes on. The girls felt that sex was good for their health, and refreshing after a day's work. In most parts of Africa women have been brought up to serve men. They will please them whatever way possible, including sex. Family life education should be reappraised, and raising adolescent fertility trend.
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The teaching of African literature in anglophone African universities: An instructive canon - Lindfors, Bernth (Wasafiri, 1990)
(1990). The teaching of African literature in anglophone African universities: An instructive canon. Wasafiri: Vol. 5, No. 11, pp. 13-16.
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A Zimbabwean mbira: a Tradition in African Music and its Potential for Music Education - Marx, Shirley (British Journal of Music Education, 1990)
This article aims to encourage the provision of the Zimbabwean mbira dzavadzimu in schools as a means of experiencing a novel musical system. It provides an outline of the mbira's cultural context within an oral tradition. The basic structure of the mbira pattern is abstracted and represented by four types of notation which makes the music accessible to a range of people. However, the characteristic ‘inherent rhythms’ that emerge kaleidoscopically from patterns and variations throughout performance give the music an elusive quality, the dimensions of which cannot be captured in staff notation. The simplicity of the separate components of a composition can be individually explored on a variety of instruments, while the resultant combination of its interlocking melodic lines is one of complexity and ever-shifting musical images. The mbira introduces a new aesthetic into the classroom and is ideal for both solo and ensemble playing.
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Improvements in growth following iron supplementation in young Kenyan school children. - Mc, Latham; Ls, Stephenson; Sn, Kinoti; Ms, Zaman; Km, Kurz (PubMed, 1990)
The study was conducted to determine whether provision of oral supplementary iron to primary school children in Kenya would improve their growth. Children in the two lowest grades who satisfied study criteria were allocated to either an iron-supplementation group (n = 29) or a placebo group (n = 26). At the baseline before intervention the groups did not differ significantly in age, sex ratio, prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminthic infections, most anthropometric measurements or hemoglobin levels. Although the study lasted for 32 weeks, children only took iron or placebos on school days thus omitting weekends and school holidays. Examination at the end of the study showed that the iron-supplemented children had grown significantly more in terms of weight, weight for height, arm circumference and skinfold thickness compared with the placebo group. Hemoglobin levels had also improved significantly. We conclude that where iron deficiency anemia and undernutrition are prevalent in children, iron supplementation will improve growth and hemoglobin levels.
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Literacy Training Policy and Practice in Tanzania: Some Elements of Reproduction and Resistance - Mlekwa, Victor M. (Psychology and Developing Societies, 1990)
Over the past two decades there has been an unprecedented effort in the world, parti cularly in the Third World, to combat illiteracy because it is considered an impediment to human progress. While many writers, politicians and educators do not claim an absolute and deterministic role for literacy in development, they argue that literacy is an essential component of both individual and societal development. Using Tanzania as an example, this paper argues that literacy training in most developing countries can be best analysed within the theoretical framework of reproduction and resistance. Literacy training policies and practices are analysed in different historical moments, focusing on the nature and character of the state, the state literacy training objectives, implementation and outcomes. Towards the end, the peasants' response to the state literacy training policies is briefly discussed leading to the conclusion that literacy training in Tanzania has enabled the peasants not only to read and write but also to reproduce themselves as peasants: small-holder growers of agricultural commodities for international capital.
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Nationalist's demands for university education in Nigeria and government's response, 1920‐1948 - Obidi, S. S. (History of Education, 1990)
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The Effects of Schooling on Thinking in Northeastern Nigeria with Implications for Christian Education - Plueddemann, James E. (Journal of Psychology and Theology, 1990)
The study investigates the effects of schooling on the way males of northeastern Nigeria prefer to sort dissimilar stimuli into equivalent groups. A picture-grouping instrument was constructed, field-tested and administered to 130 Tangale males. The sample was composed of farmers, pastors and teachers. Results showed a positive and significant correlation between the amount of schooling and the number of superordinate strategies used for making groups. There was no correlation between the recency of schooling and preference for using superordinate strategies; thus the effects of schooling did not “wear off.” Implications for Bible teaching, leadership development and theological education are discussed.
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Students, schools, and socio-economic change: education as a factor of social and economic change in rual Kenya - Prazak, Miroslava (1990)
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Vocational education in Algeria, Egypt and Morocco - Salmi, Jamil (PROSPECTS, 1990)
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Cultural Mistrust and Racism Reaction among African-American Students. - Thompson, Chalmer E. (Journal of College Student Development, 1990)
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Crop production skills possessed and taught by agriculture teachers in Swaziland - Dlamini, B.M. (1990)
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[The CHAD project: society-oriented medical education in India]. - Andreasson, Stefan (PubMed, 1990)
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Training village women as health promoters in Tanzania - Laubjerg, K. (1990)
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Nigeria: University teaching hospitals (The Lancet, 1990)
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Pan-African education: the last stage of educational developments in Africa (Choice Reviews Online, 1990)
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Graduate training in economics in Nigeria and Ghana - Ajayi, S. S. (1990)
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Graduate training in economics for Africans: a joint report - Ajayi, S. S.; Mukras, Mohamed Suleiman; Pegatienan, H. Jacques (1990)
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Hurricanes: Strong Storms Out of Africa - Case, Bob (Weatherwise, 1990)
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Building for the Future: The Development of Distance Education Programmes at Makerere University of Uganda. Consultant Report 6. - Chick, John H. (1990)
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Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and knowledge of reproductive biology among adolescent secondary school girls in Nairobi, Kenya. - Lema, Valentino M. (PubMed, 1990)
One thousand seven hundred and fifty one adolescent secondary school girls aged between 12 and 19 years were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaire to determine their knowledge on reproductive biology, sexual behaviour and its relationship to contraceptive practice in late 1986. 23.8% of all the girls had been or were sexually active at the time of the study. 94.5% of the sexually active girls had not or were not using any method of contraception; while the rest, i.e. 5.5% were using mainly unreliable or risky methods of contraception. 1.7% of the sexually active girls admitted to have been pregnant at one time and had sought abortion. Majority of the girls displayed profound ignorance and misinformation regarding their reproductive biology and contraception. Their mothers played a very minor role in imparting this knowledge, their sources of information being fairly unreliable. While 77.8% of the girls were against school girls having sexual relationships, 90.7% of them felt that all women (including school girls) should be given contraceptives to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies.1751 adolescent secondary school girls aged between 12-19 years were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaire to determine their knowledge on reproductive biology, sexual behavior and its relationship to contraceptive practice in late 1986. 23.8% of all the girls had been or were sexually active at the time of the study. 94.5% of the sexually active girls had not or were not using any method of contraception, while the rest, (5.5%) were mainly using unreliable or risky methods of contraception. 1.7% of the sexually active girls admitted to having been pregnant at one time and had sought abortion. The majority of the girls displayed profound ignorance and misinformation regarding their reproductive biology and contraception. Their mothers played a minor role in imparting this knowledge, their sources of information being fairly unreliable. While 77.8% of the girls were against school girls having sexual relationships, 90.7% of them felt that all women (including school girls) should be given contraceptives to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies.
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The state of graduate training in economics in eastern and southern Africa - Mukras, Mohamed Suleiman (1990)
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Family study of Kenyan children with school refusal. - Obondo, Anne; Dhadphale, M (PubMed, 1990)
The problem of school non-attendance is an increasing one in our setting and yet its cause has not been established. This paper presents data of work done through interviews with parents and observations of the home environments of the sample cases in attempt to establish factors associated with school non-attendance. After the initial interviews, the children were seen periodically for follow-ups, usually at two to three monthly intervals for at least one year, by the team which consisted of a consultant psychiatrist, a clinical psychologist, a paediatric registrar and a psychiatric social worker. Out of the ten cases sampled for the study, nine were of school phobia and one of conduct disorder (truancy). Generally, family characteristics significantly associated with school non-attendance in this study were neuroticism in parents, unstable family relationships occasioned by marital discord, parental expectations of high academic performance by the child and, to some extent, poverty. The common management approaches used were family therapy, counselling and anti-depressant pharmacotherapy.
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Glantz, Michael H. (ed.), "Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future" (Book Review) - Prothero, R. Mansell (Third World Planning Review, 1990)
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Mortimore, Michael, "Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines and Desertification in Africa" (Book Review) - Prothero, R. Mansell (Third World Planning Review, 1990)
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International Affinities in Modern Egypt: Results From a Social Distance Survey of Elite Students - Sell, Ralph R. (International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1990)
The historical formation, contemporary scope, and future dynamics of national identity remain important concerns in Egyptian scholarship. While many aspects of national identity and the forces that shape it in each generation have been analyzed, a more complete understanding of the results of these often antagonistic influences suffers from the lack of descriptive information.
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Littoral infauna of a West African estuary: An oil pollution baseline survey - Snowden, Richard; Ekweozor, I. K. E. (Marine biology (Berlin), 1990)
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Interracial Friendship in a Zimbabwean Primary School - Wilson, David J.; Lavelle, S. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1990)
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Type a Behavior and Self-Reported Stress among Zimbabwean Teachers - Wilson, David J.; Mutero, Chocherai; Doolabh, Ajit; Herzstein, Margeret (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1990)
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Deflection of oceanic transform motion at a continental margin as deduced from waveform inversion of the 1939 Accra, Ghana earthquake - Yarwood, Dennis R.; Doser, Diane I. (Tectonophysics, 1990)
Waveform inversion of teleseismic P waves of the 1939 Accra, Ghana earthquake (M = 6.5) suggests that the earthquake was composed of two events, the smaller event (M = 6.1) occurring 9.5 s before the onset of the larger (M = 6.4) event. The smaller event has a focal mechanism that suggests it occurred immediately north of the intersection of the Akwapim and Coastal Boundary fault. Inversion results also indicate that the larger event could not have occurred on the reactivated Akwapim fault system, as suggested by previous researchers. Instead, the larger event appears to have occurred along a strike-slip fault that parallels the coastline of Ghana. These results, along with the trend of historic earthquakes, indicate that not all the motion along the Romanche or Chain fracture zones is being transmitted inland along the Akwapim fault system, but that some is being deflected tangentially along a fault that parallels the Ghana coastline.
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Biochemical education in Zimbabwe (Biochemical Education, 1990)
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INFLUENCE OF WATER POLLUTION ON GENERAL HEALTH AND MILK PRODUCTION OF EGYPTIAN BUFFALOES (Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 1990)
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Report on Oku Volcanic Field (Cameroon) (Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 1990)
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Curriculum Development For a Full-Time Master's Degree in Health Education in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira—Sudan - Abdelgadir, Muzamil H. (Journal of the institute of health education, 1990)
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The impact of education, migration, and remittances on rural agricultural households in El-Obeid Area, Sudan. - Abdelgadir, U. O. (Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences, 1990)
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Keratinophilic and saprophytic fungi isolated from students' nails in Egypt - Abdelhafez, Ahmed A.; El‐Sharouny, H. M. (Journal of Basic Microbiology, 1990)
Abstract In order to determine the presence of dermatophytes and saprophytes in healthy toe and finger nails, 120 students (60 male and 60 female) from preparatory schools at Sohag Governorate (Upper Egypt) were studied. 54 species in addition to 3 varieties belonging to 17 genera were isolated. Six species of true dermatophytes were collected: Microsporum audouinii var. rivalieri, M. cookei, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. simii, T. terrestre and T. verrucosum. Chrysosporium , a well‐known keratinophilic genus, was prevalent and represented by 7 species ( C. asperatum, C. indicum, C. keratinophilum, C. luteum, C. pannorum, C. tropicum and Chrysosporium state of Thielavia sepedonium ). The commonest saprophytes in order of frequency were members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Scopulariopsis, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Chaetomium, Syncephalastrum, Mucor, Rhizopus and Acremonium .
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Community nutrition education. Evaluation of day care nursery school in Makurdi, Nigeria - Abidoye, R.O.; Achegbulu, J.B. (Early Child Development and Care, 1990)
The data on nutritional status of preschool children were collected during the 14 days of examination. Four nursery schools were randomly selected while 101 children were chosen by systematic sampling from these schools. Anthropometric evaluations were conducted. The result showed that 17 (16.8%) of the males were malnourished by weight for age index, 22 (21.8%) females were malnourished by this standard. Seven (6.9%) of males were malnourished by weight for length while 12(11.9%) females were malnourished. It was observed that malnutrition was more prevalent in the children of low socio‐economic parents (P<0.05), 25 children had diarrhoea and 18 were malnourished. Diarrhoea was significant in the etiology of malnutrition (P#lt.05). The mean duration of breast feeding was 12‐34 months. Community nutrition program proved effective in the reduction of diarrhoea morbidity during the fourteen days of testing program.
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Assessment of intestinal parasite and nutritional anaemia among rural and urban pre‐school children in Nigeria - Abidoye, R.O.; Agiobu, R. (Early Child Development and Care, 1990)
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Orientation of female secondary school students to work, marriage and family, Western Province, Kenya. - Achatz, Mary (1990)
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Orientation of female secondary school students to work, marriage and family, Western Province, Kenya. - Achatz, Mary (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 1990)
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Trends & the future of university education in Kenya: Proceedings of the 6th PWPA Conference, Eastern Region, held in Nairobi, Kenya, December, 1989 - Achola, Paul P.W.; Gray, Kenneth R.; Kerre, Bonaventure Wanjala (1990)
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Balancing the Equation: Girls, Tradition and Science Education in Northern Nigeria - Adamu, Abdalla Uba (The Ahfad journal, 1990)
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User education in research institutes' libraries in Nigeria. - Adedigba, Y. A. (1990)
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The occurrence of agricultural drought and its impact on maize production in Kisumu District, Kenya - Adera, Beatrice A (1990)
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Marine oil pollution on the coast of Ghana - Afful, Kingsley Davis (1990)
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Prevalence of trachoma among school children in Plateau State, Nigeria. - Ag, Obikili; Eo, Oji; Otti; Ike (PubMed, 1990)
3005 primary school children from randomly selected primary schools in Jos and its environ were screened for trachoma. The schools were divided into 3 groups reflecting the socio-economic status, and the degree of personal hygiene of the pupils. The prevalence of trachoma was 7.5% in the group A schools attended by the children of the rich, 15.9% in the group B schools attended by children of the poor but living in the urban town and 19.4% in group C schools attended by children of the poor living in the sub-urban town. The difference in the prevalence and severity of trachoma in the 3 groups was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Trachoma was found to be more common in freshly scholarised pupils as compared to pupils in the terminal class. There was no difference in the frequency of trachoma among girls and boys in our study group. The type of water used in bathing was not found to be important in the prevalence of trachoma. The authors next discussed the simplicity of the Dawson's classification, the need to start a trachoma control programme in Nigeria and the possible role of community health workers in any programme for the eradication of trachoma.
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Teaching and Popularizing Astronomy in Egypt and other Arab Countries - Aîad, A. (Colloquium, 1990)
The recent astronomy of the Arab countries began by the last decade of the 19th century in Alger and the first decade of the 20th century in Helwan. Two Arab countries have been members of the IAU, namely Egypt (since 1925) and Iraq (since 1976). Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco became members in 1988. We restrict ourselves here to the teaching and popularizing of astronomy. In Egypt there is a single department of astronomy; since 1937 it has belonged to the Faculty of Science of Cairo University. A B.Sc. in astronomy requires two years’ study of mathematics and physics followed by two more years devoted mainly to astronomy, including a small project. Elementary courses for other sciences, such as geography and geophysics, are also taught at Cairo University and the American University in Cairo.
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Proposals for teaching reading skills in standard 8 in Namibia - Aipanda, Shuuya I. (1990)
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Preservice elementary teachers: A discipline-based approach to teaching art in Nigerian elementary schools - Aiyeleye, Fadeke Olukemi (1990)
5 This thesis defines and presents the development of a discipline-based art curriculum, for use of preservice teachers in Nigerian elementary schools. It includes a rationale for the discipline-based art approach, and a written plan as a basis for systematic and sequential art instruction, across grade levels one to six. It is important to study this particular area in order to fulfill the need for the improvement of Nigerian art education based on the writings of some selected Nigerian art educators, for example like Emeji (1976), Olorukooba (1985), Obanya (1978), Olaitan (1980), as discussed in Chapter III of this study. The SWRL elementary art program and Crizmac (Tribal design) have been used as models for developing a disciplinebased art instruction as stated in Chapter III of this thesis. It is hoped that Nigerian elementary teachers and children, through this proposed art education program will be able to gain a better understanding and appreciation of their artistically rich culture.
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Science and technology education in Africa : focus on seven sub-Saharan countries - Ajeyalemi, Duro (1990)
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Patterns of Language Use among Nigerian Undergraduate Learners of French in Togo - Ajiboye, Tunde (ITL – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1990)
Abstract Studies in language use have become all the more relevant to Africa since they shifted from unilingual to multilingual situations. Multilingualism which until the 60's was not considered worthy of too serious a study by linguists has since attracted a lot of attention especially in the narrower field of sociolinguistics where attempts are being made to meet some of the challenges posed by the multiplicity of languages in otherwise homogeneous communities. African countries harbour a lot of examples : Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda, among others. There are two main ways in which the present study is different from earlier studies in multilingualism, even though, as we shall see later, the results are basically the same. In the first place, we are dealing here with a temporary situation of multilingualism in the strict sense that subjects are neither i-migrants nor natives but birds of passage whose length of stay is pre-determined (by their mission). The languages included in the interaction should therefore be seen as such. Secondly, while the study of language choice by analysts like A. Tabouret-Keller (1968), Gumperz and Eduardo (1971) and Stark (1989) seems to emphasize the connection between language use and "a variety of social factors such as ethnic identity, age, and sex..., degree of solidarity or confidentiality," (Gumperz et al. 1971:122) the nature of our samples (students) tends to demonstrate that in analysing the pattern of language choice, the effect of an external, super-imposed trigger such as the need to pass an examination may not be over-looked.
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COMPETITION WITH ONE'S SELF AGAINST OTHERS AS A MOTIVE FOR EFFORT AMONG NIGERIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS - AKANDE, ADEBOWALE (Psychological Reports, 1990)
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INFLUENCE OF URBAN-RURAL UPBRINGING ON NIGERIAN STUDENTS' TEST ANXIETY - Akande, Adebowale (Psychological Reports, 1990)
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INFLUENCE OF URBAN-RURAL UPBRINGING ON NIGERIAN STUDENTS' TEST ANXIETY - Akande, Adebowale (Psychological Reports, 1990)
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The Place of Arabic in Language Education and Language Planning in Nigeria - Akinnaso, F. Niyi; Ogunbiyi, Isaac A. (Language Problems and Language Planning, 1990)
La loko de la araba en lingva edukado kaj lingva planado en Nigerio Tiu ĉi artikolo ekzamenas ta lokon de la araba en lingva edukado kaj lingvoplana agado en Niĝerio, emfazante (1) ĝian utiligon de la naǔa jarcento ĝis la hodiaǔa tago; (2) la metodojn kaj enhavon de arab lingva edukado je diversaj niveloj; (3) la kontribuojn de la araba al historia dokumentado en antaǔkotonia Niĝerio kaj al la leksika ekspansio de nigeriaj lingvoj; kaj (4) la naturon kaj kaǔzojn de la falo de la sratuso kaj rolo de la araba en Niĝerio. La eltrovoj estas komparataj al tiuj el simila studo de la statu so kaj rolo de la araba en Usono. Kvankam kontrastaj en pluraj aspektoj, la studoj komplementas unu la alian ĉar ambaǔ landoj reprezentas gravajn specojn de nearablingvaj nacioj kie la araba estas parolata aǔ uzata por kelkaj specifaj celoj, aǔ kiel dua aǔ fremda lingvo aǔ kiel enmigra, minoritata lingvo. Rrome, ambaǔ studoj montras, ke la araba frontas gravan minacon, precipe en nereligiaj situacioj, ekster la araba mondo. La aǔtoroj finas per prognoza pritakso de la estonteco de la araba en Niĝerio.
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Drug abuse among secondary school students in Sokoto, Nigeria - Akpala, C O; Bolaji, I.B.O. (Psychopathologie africaine, 1990)
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The role of higher education in national integration in Nigeria - Akpan, Philip A. (Higher Education, 1990)
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Acquisitions and collection development education in Ghana - Alemna, A.A. (Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory, 1990)
Abstract This paper provides an evaluation of education and training for library collection development in Ghana. It presents a brief history of education in Ghana with particular reference to library education. The program of the Department of Library and Archival Studies at the University of Ghana is discussed with regard to course levels and course structure. The syllabus for the course in acquisitions/collection development is also discussed, and various problems faced by teachers and students of this course are highlighted. It is concluded that although students find the course interesting and valuable, problems such as lack of audiovisual materials for teaching and inadequate reading materials for the students must be solved in order to increase the usefulness of the course.
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Education and the struggle for national liberation in South Africa: Essays and speeches - Alexander, Neville (1990)
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A legal study guide for psychologic students in South Africa - Allan, Alfred (1990)
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Remedial Strategies to Overcome Gender Stereotyping in Science Education in Ghana - Andam, Aba A.B. (Development, 1990)
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The Effect of Athletic Participation on the Academic Aspirations and Achievement of African American Males in a New York City High School - Anderson, S. Kareem (Journal of Negro Education, 1990)
According to Harry Edwards (1983), a sociology professor at the University of California at Berkeley, the exploitation of African American athletes has persisted for decades. Edwards argues that when these 17to 19-year-old athletes attend their respective universities they usually agree to a contract in which athletic performance is exchanged for an education. However, while the athletes generally do their part-resulting in huge gate receipts, television revenues, national visibility, donations, and more to university programs and athletic departments-the universities often fail to do theirs. Edwards attributes this dilemma to the impact of upon African American society. Popular beliefs that Blacks are intrinsically superior athletes and that are inherently beneficial for them, combined with the often dire life circumstances and the athletic aspirations of young African American men, make these student athletes especially vulnerable to this sort of victimization (p. 37). The misconception about is that profound advances have been made in the realm of interracial relations since Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play major league baseball. This view has been fostered by skilled sports propagandists eager to project patriotic views consistent with America's alleged ideals of racial equality. However, it also has been encouraged by observers of the sporting scene who remain oblivious to the race-related realities of American in general (Edwards, p. 37). Although the belief persists that the level of African American performance in is due to a race-related genetic characteristic, most educated people have come to accept this assumption as false. Studies attempting to demonstrate this relationship have failed due to theoretical flaws as well as to the complexity of the concept of race. Instead, evidence tends to support cultural and social-rather than biological-explanations for the success of African American athletes. One of Edwards'
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Mobilization and education of women farmers in Malawi. A study of a Women's Participation Programme, 1988-90, organized by National Farmers' Association of Zimbabwe. A minor field study. - Andersson, Camilla (1990)
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Studies of the physiological aspects of crop adaptation to drought conditions: the case of groundnut cultivation in Senegal. - Annerose, Daniel (1990)
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Characterization of agricultural drought in semi-arid zones. 1. Description of a simple assessment model applied to cultivated groundnut in Senegal. - Annerose, Daniel; Diagne, Mandiaye (Oleagineux, 1990)
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Vocational-technical education and employment in Mauritius, the case of graduates from the Lycée polytechnique, Sir Guy Forget (Flacq) - Appadu, K. (1990)
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Higher Education and Occupational Status of Women in Egypt - Arabsheibani, G. Reza (African and Asian Studies, 1990)
It has been argued that a combination of favourable legislation, free education and increase in demand for professional manpower has helped women in Egypt in finding their rightful place in the labour force. This paper presents an empirical study of the status of highly educated women in Egypt. By developing a model to decompose average monthly earnings of the two sexes it will be shown that highly educated Egyptian women have indeed been able to establish themselves in most of the professional occupations. However, in certain fields, for example, managerial, there still seems to be some sort of opposition to females holding positions of responsibility. The decomposition analysis shows that only 11 % of the earnings differential between men and women is attributable to different occupational distributions. Managerial, law, economics and physical sciences seem to be the closed occupations.
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Higher Education and Occupational Status of Women in Egypt - Arabsheibani, G. Reza (Journal of Asian and African Studies, 1990)
AbstractIt has been argued that a combination of favourable legislation, free education and increase in demand for professional manpower has helped women in Egypt in finding their rightful place in the labour force. This paper presents an empirical study of the status of highly educated women in Egypt. By developing a model to decompose average monthly earnings of the two sexes it will be shown that highly educated Egyptian women have indeed been able to establish themselves in most of the professional occupations. However, in certain fields, for example, managerial, there still seems to be some sort of opposition to females holding positions of responsibility. The decomposition analysis shows that only 11 % of the earnings differential between men and women is attributable to different occupational distributions. Managerial, law, economics and physical sciences seem to be the "closed" occupations.
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Preschool Education in the West Bank : A Qualitative Survey - Arafat, Cairo (1990)
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A pilot project for AIDS/STD education in Ethiopian schools - Araya, Gormaz; Yilma, W; Flanagan, D; Atalelegn, K (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 1990)
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Relevance and resources in medical education: an African view - Archampong, E. Q. (Medical Education, 1990)
Summary. The worldwide economic crisis enjoins all planners of social services to a principle of relevance and efficiency in the deployment of scarce available resources. On the continent of Africa this is more crucial for the compelling influence of natural disasters and the population explosion. In the field of medical education relevance implies commitment of training programmes to the health needs of the society and in Africa this means addressing crude birth rates of 46 per 1000, death rates of 22 per 1000, maternal mortality of 17 per 10000, infant mortality of 112 per 1000 and a life expectancy of just under 50, statistics which represent the most dismal health indicators for the five continents of the world. The training of the African doctor should therefore ensure intimate familiarity with the environmental and sociocultural influences on health, placing a premium on capability for management of human, material and financial resources and a plan for team-work. It must also inculcate the appropriate learning strategy which emphasizes the searching and enquiring mind, applying this problem-solving attitude to the life-long practice of medicine. It is now accepted by most observers that these objectives are achievable most readily through a translation of the principles of primary health care into educational strategies. The planning of medical educational policy in Africa is thus a formidable task as it is to be done against a background of diminishing resources in real terms and the modern explosion of know-ledge in science and technology. Selectivity which is sensitive to the service to which education is to be put is currently the most promising means to achieve relevance and efficiency.
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Occupational aspirations of high school students in Swaziland - Asante, Kete; Dlamini, B.M. (1990)
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Agroforestry education and training: an African experience - Asare, E. (1990)
Agroforestry in its broadest sense has been practiced in Africa for a long time. The most common traditional form, shifting cultivation, has largely broken down due to pressures from the increasing population. Research at international centers focuses both on the development of new and the improvement of traditional systems. A main constraint is the shortage of professional and technical staff and a lack of knowledge concerning agroforestry by policy makers. Therefore, a great emphasis has been placed on education. The Institute of Renewable Natural Resources, Ghana, has begun a program in Agroforestry Education and Training. This example is used to illustrate one approach to increasing agroforestry education at African institutions.
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Implication of shear deformation and earthquake distribution in the East African Rift between 4°N and 6°N - Asfaw, Laike M. (Journal Of African Earth Sciences, 1990)
Abstract The distribution of earthquakes since 1900 in the East African Rift System between 4°N and 6°N is discussed. Recent crustal deformation corresponding to shear failure associated with earthquakes and offset in the major rift faults demonstrate that the northern part of the East African Rift System is characterized by a NW-SE trending active shear zone corresponding to an intracontinental transform fault zone. In this zone, stepped strike-slip and normal faults are shown to be jointly active in determining the mechanical process of rifting in the region. The constraint the newly identified zone of transform movement imposes on plate kinemetics of the region is examined. As a result, it is possible to discriminate among poles of relative motion suggested for the African/Somalian plates by numerous workers.
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An assessment of national needs for community physician manpower in Nigeria: staff training needs and programmes. - Asuzu, MC; Ea, Olumide; Oo, Kale (PubMed, 1990)
This second part of a national survey was designed to identify the training needs and programmes considered most appropriate by the most senior health management staff of the state governments for the field practice of community medicine in Nigeria. The operation of the current primary health care programme and the field practice of community medicine although constitutionally a local government responsibility, effectively rests on the state governments at present because of economic and political constraints at the LG level. The main needs identified in the study are for a certifiable and appropriate generalist community physician training programme as well as the relative levels of emphasis needed in the different sub-specialty areas. While holders of the current fellowship diploma in public health of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria are welcome to practice in the field if they are available, many state governments and officials consider the programme ill-suited to the needs of field practice community physicians. Thirteen (68.4% of the) respondents, consider it suitable only for jobs at state employment levels and higher up. Twelve of the 17 physician respondents considered clinical practice essential for all community physicians. Eighteen of the 21 state governments would be ready to sponsor their physician candidates to local training programmes in public health as identified in this study, if different from the current postgraduate fellowship. Maternal and child health was the area of sub-specialty training considered most needed in the states. This was followed by epidemiology, environmental health, health education, health and biostatistics, health management, and occupational health in that order.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Project findings on productive work in vocational schools in Tanzania - Athumani, Asha (1990)
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Project findings on productive work in vocational schools in Tanzania - Athumani, Asha (1990)
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Education in Southern Africa with special reference to Namibia: development and future perspectives - Auala, R.K. (Logos, 1990)
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A comparison of the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium and S. mansoni among secondary school children in Ilorn, Kwara State, Nigeria. - Awogun, I. A. (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 1990)
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Whose Standard, Which Model? Towards the Definition of a Standard Nigerian Spoken English for Teaching, Learning and Testing in Nigerian Schools - Awonusi, V.O. (ITL. Institut voor Toegepaste Linguistiek, 1990)
Abstract The adoption of RP as a model of teaching in non-native speaker English societies such as Nigeria seems to have come to say. However, the accent of English that emerged in Nigeria, over the years, (to some linguists) is anything but RP (although some hold the view that there are a few RP speakers in Nigeria). We are, therefore, forced to ask the question: What is RP?; or better still: what are its defining characteristics, particularly in relation to non-native varieties of English? Consequently, were are motivated to search for, and identify alternative local (standard) accents for teaching purposes. This paper attempts to identify the Nigerian standard accent of English that is appropriate for adoption as a model for teaching English pronunciation. It examines the problems associated with the identification of a standard form in the light of variables such as international intelligibility local acceptability, a real and social variation, in native and non-native speaker communities alike. On the basis of socio-linguistic realities it recommends an accent for teaching, learning and testing in Nigerian schools.
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Mozambique: The Price of Education - Ayisi, Ruth A. (The Africa Report, 1990)
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Sex-based teacher classroom-behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of Borno secondary schools (Nigeria) - Badejo, Oluyemisi O. (1990)
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Christian religious education in the Lutheran dioceses of North-Western Tanzania - Bahendwa, L. Festo (1990)
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Anthropometric determinants of resting blood pressure and heart rate of Nigerian school children - Balogun, Joseph A.; Obajuluwa, Victor A.; Abereoje, Oladehinde K.; Olaogun, Matthew O.B.; Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y.; Balogun, Michael O.; Adeodu, O O (Annals of tropical paediatrics, 1990)
Blood pressure, heart rate and anthropometric parameters were measured in 807 Nigerian school-age children. There was no significant difference between the blood pressure and heart rate of boys and girls after adjusting for differences in age and anthropometric parameters. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the strong determinants of blood pressure levels were weight, Quetelet index and triceps skinfold thickness. Based on our findings, we recommend that body weight norms rather than age should be used in evaluating abnormal blood pressure levels in Nigerian children.
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Reproducers Reproduced: Female Resistance in a Rwanda Classroom - Belle-Prouty, Diane V. (Development, 1990)
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The incidence and impact on earnings of formal training provided by enterprises in Kenya and Tanzania - Beyer, Joy de (Economics of Education Review, 1990)
Data collected in 1980 in Kenya and Tanzania in enterprise-based surveys are analyzed to examine the incidence of formal training provided by employers. The wage benefits are estimated using earnings functions, for subsamples of skilled manual workers. The small training coefficient in Kenya is shown to be more likely the result of weak specification than low returns to training; separate earnings functions for subsamples stratified by training have significantly different slopes and position. Trained workers begin at lower wages but have steeper earnings profiles which cross over those of untrained workers.
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Man and drought on the edges of the Grand Erg Occidental, Algeria. - Bisson, Jean; Callot, Yann (1990)
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Man and drought on the edges of the Grand Erg Occidental, Algeria. - Bisson, Jean; Callot, Yann (1990)
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Man and drought on the edges of the Great Western Erg (North-West Algeria). - Bisson, Jean; Callot, Yann (1990)
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Between hope and resignation: the level of primary education in rural regions of northern Cameroon. - Blanckmeister, B. (1990)
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School fees and the marriage process for Mende girls in Sierra Leone - Bledsoe, Caroline H. (1990)
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School girls and school fees among the Mende of Sierra Leone - Bledsoe, Caroline H. (1990)
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Role conflict and the teacher : a case study of teacher role conflict in a lycée in the Ivory Coast - Bokpé, Renata K (1990)
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Resistance of forms of spring bread wheat from Ethiopia and Madagascar to drought, high temperatures and salinity at early stages of development. - Borodina, R. A.; Шахмедов, И. Ш.; Potokina, S. A. (Nauchno-Tekhnicheskiĭ Byulleten' Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina i Ordena Druzhby Narodov Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N.I. Vavilova, 1990)
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The Effects of Education and Training on Managerial Attributes of Project Farmers in the Kangwane Homeland of South Africa - Botha, C. A. J.; Lombard, P. P. (1990)
Agriculture normally plays an important role in the economy of a country. Apart from the most general function of supplying food and raw materials to the country, agriculture also provides labour opportunities and plays an important role in the development of natural resources and the generation of foreign exchange while offering a market for non-agricultural products and goods. Although agriculture has lost its importance as a primary work creator, it should be remembered that there are many people who directly or indirectly depend on agriculture for their livelihood. These include the vast number of people in the rural and underdeveloped areas who depend on agriculture and agriculture-related industries. Add to this the rising demand for food due to the population explosion, and one understands why so much is done to develop agriculture and its related human resources in underdeveloped areas.
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The Effects of Education and Training on Managerial Attributes of Project Farmers in the Kangwane Homeland of South Africa - Botha, C. A. J.; Lombard, P. P. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1990)
Agriculture normally plays an important role in the economy of a country. Apart from the most general function of supplying food and raw materials to the country, agriculture also provides labour opportunities and plays an important role in the development of natural resources and the generation of foreign exchange while offering a market for non-agricultural products and goods. Although agriculture has lost its importance as a primary work creator, it should be remembered that there are many people who directly or indirectly depend on agriculture for their livelihood. These include the vast number of people in the rural and underdeveloped areas who depend on agriculture and agriculture-related industries. Add to this the rising demand for food due to the population explosion, and one understands why so much is done to develop agriculture and its related human resources in underdeveloped areas.
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The international financial crisis of the 1980s and its impact on educational reform in Morocco, with a history of Moroccan education and policy recommendations. - Boubekri, Mohamed (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 1990)
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The international financial crisis of the 1980s and its impact on educational reform in Morocco, with a history of Moroccan education and policy recommendations. - Boubekri, Mohamed (1990)
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Nomads of the drought: Fulbe and Wodaabe nomads between power and marginalization in the Sahel of Burkina Faso and Niger Republic. - Bovin, M. (1990)
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Training in tropical animal health in West and Central Africa - Brandt, Jason P.; Geerts, S. (1990)
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The expectations of some secondary school students in Tanzania concerning their future life, education and jobs - Brock‐Utne, Birgit; Possi, Mwajabu K. (1990)
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Rubber cultivation in Gabon: a training course on the preparation of planting material. - Budiyana (1990)
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Information overload: a problem in the expository teaching of science in Nigerian schools - Buseri, John Cecil (Discovery and Innovation, 1990)
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A Study of the Conceptions and Practice Modes of Micro-Teaching in Three Diploma Teacher Colleges in Kenya - Bwire, Adelheid A. (1990)
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Education in Kenyatta University, 1990
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Environmental education and training in Guinea. - Cámara, Arsenio A. Casanova (1990)
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Education, ideology, and the crisis in Tanzania - Campbell, Zachariah (Papers in Education and Development, 1990)
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Gravity study of the structure of Suswa volcano and basement in the Kenya Rift - Cantini, P.; Cataldi, Aldo; Pinna, E. (Geothermics, 1990)
The most remarkable gravity feature in the Kenya Rift Valley is a positive gravity lineation that accords with the spatial distribution of the microseismic, volcanic and geothermal activity. It is interpreted in terms of a hot mantle intrusion zone, 10–20 km wide, representing the heat source for many geothermal systems in the rift. Filtering and upward-continuation techniques have led to the identification of the gravity components associated with the complex caldera structure of Suswa volcano and sub-volcano formation, by modelling of the residual gravity data. Geophysical data indicate a model where ascending masses of material from the mantle are intimately coupled to the accumulation of a mafic melt at shallow depth in the area of Naivasha tectonic segment, where a geothermal field at Olkaria is under exploitation. High-frequency gravity data are consistent with volcanological and geophysical evidence in suggesting that the area of Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes, Olkaria, Suswa and Longonot, is a thermally privileged site.
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African Art Teaching Strategies. - Chanda, Jacqueline (1990)
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African Art Teaching Strategies. - Chanda, Jacqueline (1990)
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Education data flow in Somalia - Chapman, David W.; Gaal, Ali Hassan; Burchfield, Shirley; Messec, Jerry L. (International Journal of Educational Development, 1990)
One of the most perplexing problems facing educational planners in developing countries is securing relevant, timely, and accurate data on which to base their policy deliberations. This article suggests that many of these problems have their roots in the manner in which school level data are collected in the school and transmitted through the levels of the education system. Specifically, this study investigated patterns of data flow between schools and the central Ministry of Education in Somalia. While based on evidence from Somalia, results contribute to a larger understanding of key factors in the collection and use of quantitative data in education development activities in the Third World.
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The African Self-Consciousness Construct and African American Students. - Cheatham, Harold E. (Journal of College Student Development, 1990)
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Institutional effects on the psychosocial development of African-American college students. - Cheatham, Harold E.; Slaney, Robert B.; Coleman, Nancy C. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1990)
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Information, education and communication programme in Zimbabwe. - Chikara, F; Bouzidi, M.; Korte, R. (1990)
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Information, education and communication programme in Zimbabwe. - Chikara, F; Bouzidi, M.; Korte, R. (1990)
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Information, education and communication programme in Zimbabwe. - Chikara, F; Bouzidi, M.; Korte, R. (1990)
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Curriculum planning and decision making process in secondary schools in Malawi. - Chimwenje, Dennis Danny (1990)
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Health Education by Radio: A Zambian Experience. - Chitanda, Rackson (1990)
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Open schools: Racially mixed Catholic schools in South Africa, 1976-1986 - Christie, Pam (1990)
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Government and community partnership in the financing of education in Zimbabwe - Chung, Fay (International Journal of Educational Development, 1990)
At Independence the Government of Zimbabwe decided that every child has a right to both primary and secondary school education. This aspiration, noble as it is and based on the belief that the development of human resources would form the foundation of all the development, is easy to enunciate but difficult to fulfil. This is particularly so for a Third World country with very limited financial and material resources. The following is a brief picture of the economic stage of development of Zimbabwe in 1980 when it attained its independence. The Gross Domestic Product was U.S.$5383m (Z$3394m) whilst the population stood at 7.36m, giving a per capita income of U.S.$731 (2$461) per annum. In pursuit of the Government’s objective of making education available to all, the number of schools and enrolments have increased as shown in Table 1. This phenomenal increase, given Zimbabwe’s low economic base, would not have been possible without harnessing the community through self help projects. Zimbabwe’s schools can be divided into two main categories: Government schools and Government aided schools. Under the Government aided schools there is a wide range of schools including elite schools, mission schools and district council or local authority schools.
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Government and community partnership in the financing of education in Zimbabwe - Chung, Fay (International Journal of Educational Development, 1990)
At Independence the Government of Zimbabwe decided that every child has a right to both primary and secondary school education. This aspiration, noble as it is and based on the belief that the development of human resources would form the foundation of all the development, is easy to enunciate but difficult to fulfil. This is particularly so for a Third World country with very limited financial and material resources. The following is a brief picture of the economic stage of development of Zimbabwe in 1980 when it attained its independence. The Gross Domestic Product was U.S.$5383m (Z$3394m) whilst the population stood at 7.36m, giving a per capita income of U.S.$731 (2$461) per annum. In pursuit of the Government’s objective of making education available to all, the number of schools and enrolments have increased as shown in Table 1. This phenomenal increase, given Zimbabwe’s low economic base, would not have been possible without harnessing the community through self help projects. Zimbabwe’s schools can be divided into two main categories: Government schools and Government aided schools. Under the Government aided schools there is a wide range of schools including elite schools, mission schools and district council or local authority schools.
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Phase structure of strongly interacting matter : proceedings of a summer school on theoretical physics, held at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, January 8-19, 1990 - Cleymans, J. (1990)
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Report of the training session on processes and rapid diagnosis and communication methods for rural participation (Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso, March 1990). - Clouet, Yves; Mercoiret, J. (1990)
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A Comparison between Rural Education in Egypt and the U.S. - Cochran, Judith (The rural educator, 1990)
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Education, Income, and Desired Fertility in Egypt: A Revised Perspective - Cochrane, Susan; Khan, Mokbul A.; Osheba, Ibrahim K.T. (Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1990)
Previous articleNext article No AccessEducation, Income, and Desired Fertility in Egypt: A Revised PerspectiveSusan Hill Cochrane, M. Ali Khan, and Ibrahim Khodair T. OshebaSusan Hill Cochrane Search for more articles by this author , M. Ali Khan Search for more articles by this author , and Ibrahim Khodair T. Osheba Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 38, Number 2Jan., 1990 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451795 Views: 6Total views on this site Citations: 19Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Jiwei Chen, Jiangying Guo The effect of female education on fertility: Evidence from China’s compulsory schooling reform, Economics of Education Review 88 (Jun 2022): 102257.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102257Elena Ambrosetti, Aurora Angeli, Marco Novelli Childbearing intentions among Egyptian men and women: The role of gender-equitable attitudes and women’s empowerment, Demographic Research 44 (Jun 2021): 1229–1270.https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.51Firat Demir, Pallab Ghosh, Zexuan Liu Effects of motherhood timing, breastmilk substitutes and education on the duration of breastfeeding: Evidence from Egypt, World Development 133 (Sep 2020): 105014.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105014Erich Striessnig The Demographic Metabolism Model of Human Capital Formation, (Nov 2019): 139–165.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21599-6_5THIRUNAUKARASU SUBRAMANIAM, NANTHAKUMAR LOGANATHAN, EVELYN S. DEVADASON DETERMINANTS OF FEMALE FERTILITY IN ASEAN-5: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM BOUNDS COINTEGRATION TEST, The Singapore Economic Review 63, no.0303 (Jun 2018): 593–618.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590815500939Ankita Mishra, Jaai Parasnis Peers and Fertility Preferences: An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Neighbours, Religion and Education, Social Indicators Research 134, no.11 (Aug 2016): 339–357.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1431-1Simone Bertoli, Francesca Marchetta Bringing It All Back Home – Return Migration and Fertility Choices, World Development 65 (Jan 2015): 27–40.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.08.006Jesús Crespo Cuaresma, Wolfgang Lutz, Warren Sanderson Is the Demographic Dividend an Education Dividend?, Demography 51, no.11 (Dec 2013): 299–315.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0245-xThirunaukarasu Subramaniam, Evelyn Shyamala Devadason, Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah The Influence of the Year of the Dragon on Fertility of Chinese Malaysians: Cointegration and Variance Decomposition Analysis, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2021809Angela Baschieri Effects of modernisation on desired fertility in Egypt, Population, Space and Place 13, no.55 (Jan 2007): 353–376.https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.454Paresh Kumar Narayan, Xiujian Peng Japan's fertility transition: Empirical evidence from the bounds testing approach to cointegration, Japan and the World Economy 19, no.22 (Mar 2007): 263–278.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2006.02.002Paresh Kumar Narayan Determinants of Female Fertility in Taiwan, 1966?2001: Empirical Evidence from Cointegration and Variance Decomposition Analysis, Asian Economic Journal 20, no.44 (Dec 2006): 393–407.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8381.2006.00241.xDiafuka Saila-Ngita, Boris E. Bravo-Ureta, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla Fertility Desires and Sample Selection Bias: The Case of Senegal, Journal of Asian and African Studies 38, no.11 (Jul 2016): 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960303800101Benjamin S. Cheng Cointegration and causality between fertility and female labor participation in Taiwan: A multivariate approach, Atlantic Economic Journal 27, no.44 (Dec 1999): 422–434.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02298338Debra Anne Donahoe Measuring Women's Work in Developing Countries, Population and Development Review 25, no.33 (Sep 1999): 543–576.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.1999.00543.xBenjamin S. Cheng, Savior L.S. Nwachukwu The effect of education on fertility in Taiwan: A time series analysis, Economics Letters 56, no.11 (Sep 1997): 95–99.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(97)00134-1Lawrence S. Grossman, Thomas M. Painter Book reviews, Human Ecology 23, no.44 (Dec 1995): 499–517.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01190134Máire Ní Bhrolcháin Age difference asymmetry and a two-sex perspective, European Journal of Population 8, no.11 (Mar 1992): 23–45.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01797120Franz M. Wuketits Human Society as a Natural Phenomenon, Politics and the Life Sciences 9, no.22 (May 2016): 308–310.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0730938400011035
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Education in Zimbabwe : issues of quantity and quality - Colclough, Christopher; Löfstedt, Jeanne; Moyo, J. Manduvi; Maravanyika, O. E.; Ngwata, W. S. (1990)
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Reaching African-American Students in the Classroom - Collett, Jonathan (To improve the academy, 1990)
A recent American Council on Education report shows a sharp drop in the percentage of African-American students both attending and graduating from college from 1976 to 1987, while overall college attendance and graduation increased during the same period. 1Since about half of all African Americans enrolled in post secondary education are in two-year colleges, the impact of this decline is even greater in four-year colleges (Fleming, 1981).One explanation for these figures is that African-American students are choosing in increasing numbers not to go to college, but instead to enter the job market directly or to get their training through the military.Another factor is the high attrition of African-American students, a revolving door effect, especially at "open admissions" institutions; only seven percent of African-American students, for example, graduated from the California State University system in five years (Richardson, Simmons, & de los Santos, 1987).If we are counting on an increasing number of African-American faculty to better serve the educational needs of these students, the picture is even more depressing.African Americans make up only 4 percent of faculty nationally (National Center for Education Statistics, 1989).Herman Blake (1989) reminds us that fewer than 350 African-American men received doctorates in 1987, and half of those were in education.Though the recruitment of African-American and other underrepresented faculty is an important goal, an academic environment more conducive to the success of African-American students will obviously have to depend for the most part on a change in the way white faculty (and administrators) think and act. 2 The changes will have to be major.Blake describes the discouraging results of a faculty workshop where participants were asked
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Christians and Education in South Africa - Cook, Calvin (1990)
Dias’ expedition was contemporaneous with three other developments that together opened new chapters in human potential. The Renaissance brought fresh appreciation of the distant past and offered substantially different models of human behaviour and thus the continuing alternatives of a choice between clerical and classical views of human nature and destiny. The flowering of spirituality extended the exploration of inner space, while the invention of printing provided the means to distribute widely the knowledge of explorers’ experiences on these journeys. Each of these developments signified the possibility of transcending the limits set like the pillars of Hercules by ignorance. Knowledge was power, so education seemed crucial to such self-transcendence. Calvin and Loyola, in particular, agreed that the key to future spiritual supremacy lay in the education and training of a new generation of masters and saw to it that their disciples founded schools and colleges committed to the complete formation of their pupils. Faust, who also materialises in their shadow, also knows that knowledge is power. The reformers built their plans for effective living on strict obedience and self-discipline; Faust chose the alternative of self-indulgence and rebellion. In both cases there are some surprising ironies and ambiguities: obedience had its bitter moments and disillusionment; the other way could be, as Milton sang, occasionally heroic.
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Supporting Zambia's education sector under structural adjustment: report of the FINNIDA and Zambia Project Identification Mission, January-February 1990. - Coombe, Trevor (1990)
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Culture and identity in South African education, 1880-1990. - Cross, Madeline (1990)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Community Based Education in Papua New Guinea - Crossley, Michael W (1990)
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Opinions of Botswana dental therapists and students about their professional education. - Croucher, Ray; Hall, Alison A. (PubMed, 1990)
This paper presents an evaluation of the training programme for dental therapists in Botswana. It describes the impetus for the creation of the training programme and its content provided by the principles of Primary Health Care. The opinions of the students and serving dental therapists were investigated through self-complete questionnaires. Both groups wished to develop advanced restorative skills and wanted more time to be allocated to that section of the course which would allow this. In contrast, their interest was less in other sections of the course more specifically concerned with the principles of Primary Health Care, such as the development of communication skills. It is suggested that the findings reflect a confusion about the practice of Primary Health Care.
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"The People Could Fly": An original musical composition to enhance the learning environment of African-American school students and provide an additional resource for elementary multicultural education - Curtis, Marvin Vernell (1990)
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Evaluation of durum wheat lines for yield, drought tolerance and Septoria resistance in Tunisia. - Daaloul, Abderrazak; Harrabi, M.; Ammar, Karim; Abdennedhar, M. (1990)
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The impact of the state on the spatial distribution of education in Nigeria. - Dabrowiecka, E. Szulc (Africana bulletin, 1990)
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[Epidemiology of communicable skin diseases in school children of a rural area in North Ethiopia]. - Dagnew, Mulat; Günther, Erika (PubMed, 1990)
The pupils of 5 elementary schools in the Dembia-District in Northethiopia were inspected in serial examinations. The transmissible skin diseases head lice infestation, tinea capitis, impetigo contagiosa and verrucae vulgares are very common among the unselected children (5 to 15 years old). Only 16% of all children had not any infectious skin disease. The investigations showed the unfortunate conditions of the poor hygiene those are existing in the rural areas of a developing country in the tropics.
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Weathering stage, clay mineralogy and charge properties of volcanic ash soils from Cameroon: implications for the management of their fertility. - Delvaux, Bruno (1990)
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Working Capital Management Practices In Kenyan Secondary Schools The Case Of Kikuyu Division. Kiambu District. - Dominic, K Ngaba (1990)
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The Long-Range Approach to Teaching the Deaf in Kenya - Drennan, Jerry D. (1990)
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Factors influencing students to enroll in agriculture, home economics, and agricultural education in the University of Swaziland, Faculty of Agriculture - Dube, Musa M. A.; Habedi, M. (1990)
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Comments on Bronwyn Norton Peirce's "Toward a Pedagogy of Possibility in the Teaching of English Internationally: People's English in South Africa". A Reader Reacts - Dubois, Betty Lou (TESOL quarterly (Print), 1990)
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Education and social class formation in contemporary Egypt - Dyab, Mahra Amin (1990)
The main concern of this research is to study the influence of class power, culture and ideologies on educational policies, access and practices in the context of the changing political, economic and social policies of Egypt during the modern period. In order to study that, the thesis works on two levels, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical level presents the historical, methodological and theoretical broad context for the empirical study. This includes the study of the following: 1.- The economic and political situation in Egypt, 2.- State power and social class formation, and 3.- The system and policies of education in Egypt. The empirical study is concerned with study of the following subjects: 1.- Cultural and ideological perspectives of members from different class positions, 2.- Class perspectives on general educational issues, 3.- The ways in which 1 and 2 influence the distribution of educational opportunities for members from different class positions, and 4.- Differences between and within social classes concerning the above points.
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Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Psychology Clinic Attenders at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu - Ebigbo, Peter O.; Aboh, U.J. (1990)
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Sociodemographic and clinical features of psychology clinic attenders at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu - Ebigbo, U.J.; Aboh, P.O. (Journal of Psychology in Africa, 1990)
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Attitudes of Nigerian Secondary School Teachers towards Media-Based Learning. - Ekpo, C. M. (1990)
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Macroeconomic impacts of irrigation under arid and drought conditions: the Egyptian case. - El-Kheshen, K. (1990)
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Science and doctrine: theoretical discourse in South African teacher education - Enslin, Penny (1990)
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Against All Odds ‐‐ Teaching Against Racism at a University in South Africa - Essed, Philomena (European journal of intercultural studies, 1990)
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of black perceptions of racism on white students. The first part introduces a method to study racism in everyday life, viz., the use of accounts. This method was developed on the basis of in‐depth interviews conducted with black women in the Netherlands and in the United States. The second part of this paper discusses the application of this method, by a South African social psychologist who wanted to expose existing racism at an English speaking university that is ‘open’ to students of all ‘races’. The results were published in a report. The third and main part of this paper focuses on reactions of 261 first year students of the same University, who had to study this report on campus racism. The use of black perceptions of racism in this teaching program aroused emotions and led to heated debates among the (white) students.
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A General View of Atmospheric Pollution in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania - Ezaza, W.P. (African urban quarterly, 1990)
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Legal Education in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects - Fabunmi, J.O.; Popoola, Abiodun (Verfassung und Recht in Übersee, 1990)
VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 34 - 55
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A review of the use of computers in education in South Africa Part 1: Primary and High schools - Fallick, PM; Pistorius, MC (1990)
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Specific Reading Disability in Egyptian Children - Farrag, Abdul-Kader F.; El-Behary, Abdul-Rakeeb A. (Neuroepidemiology, 1990)
Forty-four elementary school children with average or above average intelligence were found to be 1–2 years behind the expected level of reading ability. They were left to proceed in their conventional education program for the next 3 years. Reassessment revealed that 23 children (52%) had attained a normal reading level. 21 (48%) children remained unchanged. They were categorized into the corrective reading disability (CRD) and specific reading disability (SRD) groups, respectively. Clinical evaluation of both groups showed that children with SRD had a significantly higher incidence of: (1) illiteracy of both parents; (2) low sociocultural standard; (3) positive family history of elementary school failure; (4) abnormal optokinetic nystagmus; (5) disturbed homolateral dominance, and (6) immature EEG tracing over the occipital area. These findings could be of value in identifying high risk children for SRD.
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School Choice and the Educational Opportunities of African American Children - Farrell, Walter C.; Mathews, Jackolyn Elizabeth (Journal of Negro Education, 1990)
Interest in educational reform has grown in recent years as it has become apparent that improvements in public education have not been achieved at a sufficient rate. Yet, as Finn (1987) concludes, mandated reforms seldom produce results (p. 65). Moreover, public education increasingly is viewed as bureaucratic, monopolistic, and unresponsive; thus it has been declared that the quality of public education in this country can only be enhanced through competition, i.e., choice (Cole, 1989; Finn, 1987; Kalderie, 1987). Letting people vote with their children's feet has come to be considered an acceptable method of encouraging schools to offer more effective instruction (Hechinger, 1989). Through school choice, it has been proffered, successful schools would be allowed to flourish and poor schools would be forced to improve or go out of business. The purposes of this article are: (1) to provide an overview of school choice strategies, (2) to examine the possible impact of choice on African American and poor children, and (3) to review recently passed legislation in the state of Wisconsin which allows for state-funded private school choice for a selected number of poor and minority children.
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Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Felt, Gaëtan; Hinchliffe, Keith; Felt, Gaëtan (Canadian journal of African studies, 1990)
This paper examines the higher education sector in sub - Saharan African countries. It begins by describing the growth and structure of the sector, the amount of resources used and the original rationale for its development. This is followed by an analysis of the labor markets faced by higher education graduates using a wide range of data including rates of return, wage structures and trends, recorded vacancies, levels of expatriate employment and government employment policies. From these, labor market assessments are constructed for fifteen countries.
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Identity and role attachment: a study of interrelationships among four social psychological constructs related to processes of teacher education in a South African context - Fisher, Martin (1990)
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Education for sustainable development: Decision-making for environmental education in Ethiopia - Fitzgerald, Maureen H. (International Journal of Educational Development, 1990)
This paper argues that environmental education programmes (EEPs) in the south are based on northern-inspired ‘accommodative’ environmentalism which aims to maintain the status quo. This ‘first thinking’ characterised the decision-making processes behind Ethiopia's EEP, giving rise to three paradoxes. First, there is a contradiction between the centralisation of programme planning and the need for environmental education to be location-specific. Second, there is conflict between the goal of providing relevant education and that of meeting demand for academic qualifications. Third, professional specialisation creates institutional gaps and an idealised version of reality which limits the potential of education to produce the values and behaviour needed for sustainable development.
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After vocational training - what? report on a tracer study of graduates of Leguruki Vocational Training School, King, 'Ori-Meru, Tanzania - Fowler, Alan (1990)
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Design of African Plate SLR/VLBI Network for Geodynamics and Earthquake Research - Fubara, D. M. J. (1990)
Laser ranging to geodetic artificial satellites is now a proven technique for centimetre accuracy level determination of three-dimensional geodetic coordinates of widely spaced network points. Repeated determinations of the network point coordinates enable the determination of spatial crustal movements as a tool for geodynamics and earthquake research. The Mediterranean forms the boundary zone where the African, Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates are said to be causing deformation due to collision. The WEGENER-MEDLAS project has for years since the early part of this decade set up a net work of several points on the Eurasian and Arabian plates for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations and analyses. The island of LAMPEDUSA near Malta is the only station on the African plate. As long as Africa remains the “dark continent” in the world-wide Crustal Dynamics programme, full understanding of global geodynamics cannot be achieved; earthquake research in Africa will remain deficient and other attendant scientific knowledge from SLR will be lost. A design of the African plate SLR network for observing recent crustal movements on global and regional scales as an aid to earthquake research is herein proposed. Applicable tectonic platemodels are discussed. As an initial approximation, the rigid plate hypothesis is adopted. Network design criteria included not only geodetic, geophysical, geologic and meteorologic considerations but also reliable recovery of plate rotations when combined with the WEGENER-MEDLAS project.
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A study of the utilization of learning resources in the teaching of Christian Religious Education in secondary schools of Embu in Kenya. - Gacegoh, J.N. (1990)
A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of education of Kenyatta University.
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A cross-sectional study of teacher stress and job satisfaction among South African Indian teachers in the Durban area. - Garbharran, Hari (1990)
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A study of the reading interests and reading habits of English (first language) secondary-school pupils in South Africa : with particular reference to the Province of Natal - Gardner, John Murray (1990)
The study derives from a belief, based on many researchers' writings, that wide and frequent book-reading aids the development of knowledge, emotional maturity and human sympathy, which are all essential attributes in a fragmented culture such as South Africa's. It is not accepted that conventional secondary-school literature-teaching in this country promotes a lifelong reading habit among the majority of pupils and a plea is made for the recognition of Reading as a curricular entity in its own right. The study suggests that, owing to a paucity of local research in this field, South African teachers and educational authorities are severely disadvantaged. If they are unable to offer advice based on a proper study of their pupils as readers, they run the risk of guiding many pupils' reading along paths that cannot promise satisfaction and fulfilment. Such stultifying of reading habits would contradict the aims of the present National Core Syllabuses for English (First Language). The thesis sets little store by the investigation of specific bookchoices, pointing out that the validity of such incidental findings, if gleaned from a latitudinal survey, is questionable. Instead, using the findings of questionnaires administered to nearly 2 800 pupils and their teachers, the thesis investigates the relationships between voluntary leisure-time reading and such factors as age, gender, intelligence, academic achievement and standard of living. It also looks at the influences of parents, teachers, peers, contemporary literature-teaching practices, school and public libraries, and leisure- time pursuits other than reading. Many suggestions are offered for further research into finer aspects of those considerations. Many of the findings serve merely to corroborate research from abroad, particularly in respect of age, gender and intelligence. That is none the less alarming when a striking decline in reading is found to occur in the early years of the secondary school. A number of other interesting findings emerge. Standard of living is shown to be inversely correlated with amount of reading, and television-viewing is not found to displace reading. Nor are other leisure-time pursuits found to affect amount of reading: avid readers are by and large extremely active and committed pupils. Reading emerges from the study as providing its own peculiar satisfaction, as does each of the other leisure activities investigated. The challenge is to ensure that infrequent readers become aware of what reading has to offer, and strategies for attempting to achieve that are posited, particularly with regard to the roles of public and school libraries. The roles of teachers and parents are found to be crucial to the development of an appetite for books, and it is suggested that schools and parents liaise formally and closely in this matter. The study groups pupils by a number of personal variables, and investigates their reactions to common forms and genres as well as to certain specifics of style, thereby discussing the relationship between…
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Attitudes to the Training of General Medical Practitioners in Nigeria - Garrett, T. J.; Wood, Natalie J.; Branthwaite, Alan (Family Practice, 1990)
Garrett T, Wood N and Branthwaite A. Attitudes to the training of general medical practitioners in Nigeria. Family Practice 1990; 7: 14–19. Nigeria has pioneered a vocational training programme for general medical practitioners. The first major evaluation and review of the curriculum took place in July 1988 when over 50 trainees, supervisors and faculty board members attended a conference at Ibadan University. The opportunity was taken to assess by questionnaire the views of the participants on a range of issues related to health care in Nigeria and of the training and supervision of general medical practitioners. Sixty-six per cent of potential respondents provided completed questionnaires. A large proportion of respondents felt the need for some revisions in the curriculum and for a greater emphasis on small group training. The results indicated scepticism about the role of high technology medicine and private medical practice in meeting the health needs of Nigerians. There were some differences between the trainees and their supervisors and faculty board members in the responses obtained. The programme in Nigeria and the attitudes of those taking part demonstrate a vigorous and visionary approach to health care. It is hoped that this experience will be a useful and important example of what can be achieved in a country with potential for development.
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School Choice and African American Students: A Legislative View - George, Gary; Farrell, Walter C. (Journal of Negro Education, 1990)
This article will provide a practical, legislative view of the development of the Wisconsin Parental Choice Plan mandated for the city of Milwaukee. Our intent here is to place this initiative within the context of the pressing educational needs of African American children. During the past three years, the debate around choice has been both encouraging and troubling: encouraging because African American parents have demanded greater participation in the educational decisions governing their children, and troubling because in many school districts it has become the principal focus of educational reform. Ideally, choice should follow a school restructuring program which ensures that: (1) all students have quality alternatives from which to choose, (2) all families are fully informed of their educational options, and (3) every student has physical and cultural access to the schools they choose. The choice initiative has been embraced avidly by Wisconsin's governor Tommy Thompson. During the 1988 and 1989 legislative sessions, Thompson proposed a voucher system that would allow Wisconsin parents to send their children to the schools-including public and private schools (both sectarian and nonsectarian)-that they felt best suited their children's needs. After extensive debate these plans (at the initiative of Senator Gary R. George, Senate Co-chair of the Joint Committee on Finance) were deleted from the state budget. Nonetheless, they were strongly supported by a sizeable segment of Milwaukee's low-income African American community in the sixth senatorial district that George represents. Though the philosophy underlying choice-parental empowerment-is one with which we strongly agree, we have not supported legislation permitting vouchers because of our concerns that vouchers might contribute significantly to the demise of public education. We have rejected the idea of school choice through vouchers programs for the following reasons, many of which have been noted by the Honorable
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The influence of a British legal education and practice at the bar on the judges appointed to the Supreme Courts of Southern Africa 1827-1910 - Girvin, Stephen (1990)
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Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Development Process in Sub-Saharan Africa - Glantz, Michael H. (1990)
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Canonization and teaching of African literatures - Granqvist, Raoul (1990)
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Canonization and Teaching of African Literatures : A Special Edition - Granqvist, Raoul (1990)
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Education and reproductive choices in Ghana: gender issues in population policy. - Greenstreet, Miranda (Development, 1990)
The author makes the case for the development of adequate antenatal delivery care and family planning programs in order to reduce levels of maternal mortality using the example of Ghana. (ANNOTATION)
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A janus look at education in Namibia - Gresse, D. (Namibia Brief, 1990)
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Returns to formal and informal vocational education in Côte d'Ivoire: The role of the structure of the labor market - Grootaert, Christiaan (Economics of Education Review, 1990)
This paper compares graduates of the formal vocational and technical education (VTE) system in Côte d'Ivoire with those of informal apprenticeships, in terms of access to jobs, earnings, and the internal rate of return to investment in education. The structure of the labor market is explicitly considered in the analysis and the selection process into each segment is modelled. It is found that formal and informal VTE are not substitutes but prepare people for different careers. Within the “optimal” career path, each type of VTE carries similar returns. Promotion of informal VTE could increase society's returns to educational expenditures and contribute to realizing the employment creation potential of the informal sector.
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The future of the past in South African schools : curriculum development, school leaving examinations and syllabus design and assessment in history : a comparative study - Gunn, Alan Howard (1990)
This is a two-part study dealing with the curriculum, school leaving examinations and History as a school subject in England and South Africa. Part One is a developmental study. Developments in the curriculum of both countries since the Second World War are traced. In England this period is characterised by a shift from a somewhat laissez faire approach of the authorities at Whitehall to the curriculum of individual schools to the prescription that seems inherent in the National Curriculum. The outstanding development in South Africa during this period has been the introduction of a system of differentiated education. In contrast to minor developments in the South African school leaving examination system, England has witnessed the consolidation of the two-tier GCE and CSE system into a single examination at 16+, the GCSE. In discussing developments in History as a school subject, one is struck by the growth of the new history in England (this is described in some detail) against the relative lack of development (at official syllabus level) in South Africa where the subject remains rooted in the traditional, chronological, content-based approach. Part Two of this study compares the current situation in England and South Africa at both the macro (ie. curriculum and school leaving examination systems) and micro (ie. History as a subject in the curriculum) levels. At the macro level the curriculum and school leaving examination systems in both England and South Africa are contrasted and one notes an increasing trend towards centralization in both countries. At the micro level use is made of official syllabuses and examination papers to contrast the new history approach in England with the traditional approach in South Africa. In the conclusion two broad possibilities for curriculum reform in South Africa are considered: Broad reform across the curriculum on the one hand and reforms in History on the other
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Effects of drought and desertification on health and social life in the Sudan. - H, Abu Ahmed (PubMed, 1990)
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Vocational training for women refugees in Africa. - Hall, Eve R. (International Labour Review, 1990)
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Social work training in Africa: a fieldwork manual. - Hall, Nigel (1990)
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Positive Adolescents Choices Training (PACT): Preliminary Findings of the Effects of a School-Based Violence Prevention Program for African American Adolescents. - Hammond, W. Rodney (1990)
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Education for critical consciousness?: Curriculum and reality in African social studies education - Harber, Clive (International Journal of Educational Development, 1990)
This paper uses the ideas of Paulo Freire to explore the role of social studies in African schools. In particular it examines the extent to which social studies can achieve a key aim of the African Social Studies Programme—the development of a critical perspective on society. The evidence does not give rise to a great deal of optimism in this regard. Factors such as the political environment, the content of teaching materials, school and classroom organisation, teacher training and resource provision severely hamper the potential of social studies to educate for critical consciousness.
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Post drought adjustments among Horn of Africa pastoralists: policy and institution building dimensions. - Harbeson, John W. (1990)
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The theory and practice of Islamic education with reference to South Africa - Haron, Muhammed; Mohamed, Yasein (1990)
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Professional Education of African Americans - Harris, William M. (Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 1990)
Shortly after the turn of this century William E. B. DuBois1 posited that the problem of race in America is that of the color line. It is possible to project without great risk that the problem of America in the coming century will equally be that of the color line. While DuBois' reference was to differences between whites and African Americans, the twenty-first century's reference will expand to include peoples of Africa, Asian races, and Latin American ethnics. Before the mid-twenty-first century, the population of the United States will be composed of whites as a minority. There are significant implications to such demographic reversals, not the least of which is the certain involvement of more non-whites as decision makers and professionals. Race differences in America have contributed greatly to the shaping of the nation's character. Those of European origin, now commonly referred to as white, shared commonality of race but varied in social and cultural background. With the discovery of the New World, whites encountered a new race, now known as Native Americans, which inhabited a territory that would be by the newcomers. The European settlers quickly decided an expanded labor supply was needed to build a new nation in a resource rich land. Europe and the American settlers cooperated in this exploitation of Africa as a source of slaves to perform the tasks so vital for the building of the new nation in America.2 Guided and developed by Christian nations, the African slave trade produced one of the greatest ethical contradictions in human history.3 It was against this backdrop of racial and cultural diversity that public policy was constructed in the newly settled nation.4 By the mid-nineteenth century it was necessary to compose national policy to effectively accommodate the European cultural diversity that grew out of the immigration movement. The young nation had to contend with language, religious, and skill differences that could be exploited to handle the Industrial Revolution. Adam Smith's economic orientation, capitalism, had
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Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Drugs and Schools in African American Communities. - Harvey, William B. (Urban League Review, 1990)
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Zambia - Maths/Science Teaching Consultant Study - Hayter, RJ; Titheridge, D (1990)
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Graduate training in economics in francophone west and central Africa - Hiey, Jacques Pegatienan (1990)
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The returns to vocational training in Botswana — research note - Hinchliffe, Keith (Economics of Education Review, 1990)
Over the past 20 years, Botswana has recorded the highest rate of economic growth in the world with a consequent high growth of demand for skilled and semi-skilled manual labor. Using data from a labor force census plus specifically conducted surveys of qualified manual workers the impact of training on earnings is analyzed and rates of return to both general schooling and the appropriate alternative levels of pre-employment vocational training are calculated. The returns show a similar structure for both types of instruction. All exceed 20%.
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Students' attitude towards science: a study of secondary school science in Zimbabwe - Hodzi, Richard A. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
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Communicative English teaching in A2 level vocational schools in Burundi - Horicubonye, Ildephonse (1990)
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A sense of place in selected African works by Doris Lessing read in conjunction with novels of education by contemporary white South African women writers - Hunter, Eva (1990)
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A contribution to the study of Islamic teaching traditions in West Africa: the career of Mu.hammad Baghayogho 930/1523-4-1002/1594 - Hunwick, John O. (1990)
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Social conflicts over African education in South Africa from the 1940's to 1976 - Hyslop, Jonathan (1990)
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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A study of tourism education at the university level in Nigeria as viewed by experts in the government, higher education, and the tourism industry - Ibida, Ego Yvonne (1990)
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Health behaviors and attitudes of selected Nigerian and American university students - Igbani, B. Maduabuchi Anaso (1990)
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`Living and learning'. Adult literacy education in a rural development framework in Zimbabwe. - Immink, B.; Bornhorst, B. (1990)
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Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma infections among primary school children in Bauchi State, Nigeria. - Istifanus, W. A.; Mohammed, Abdel Shafi; Tal, Kali; Mohammed, Doaa R. (1990)
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Developing a comprehensive practical training programme in a university law curriculum: some reflections on a suitable programme for the University of Swaziland - Iya, F.P. (Lesotho Law Journal: A Journal of Law and Development, 1990)
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The teacher as implementor of the curriculum in Zimbabwe secondary schools: the case of mathematics - Jaji, Gail (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
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Curriculum as a Political Phenomenon: Historical Reflections on Black South African Education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Journal of Negro Education, 1990)
Until recently, studies of the curriculum in South Africa have been subsumed under (and lost to) broader studies of educational history (Du Plessis, 1965; Behr & Macmillan, 1971; Molteno, 1984). Recent foci on the curriculum have been largely descriptive in nature (Macdonald & Penny, 1984; Buckland, 1982) or directed at strategies for curriculum change (Basson & Walker, 1984; Millar, 1984). There have been few, if any, systematic studies of curriculum history per se, particularly few pertaining to Black education in South Africa. The purpose of this article is to trace the evolution of the curriculum designed for Black education in South Africa since the colonial penetration of the 1650s to the present time. Specifically, by conceptualizing curriculum as a political phenomenon I will demonstrate that curriculum change in schools for Black South Africans has been principally determined by events outside the schools, i.e., by changes in the sociopolitical context of South Africa. Simultaneously, I will argue that a significant degree of continuity (that is, relative stability over time in the ideological and material assumptions governing the school curriculum) characterizes the curriculum in Black schools. The phenomenon of curriculum continuity will be explained in reference to the institutionalization of ideological forms, educational inequality, and societal racism in apartheid South Africa. The social origins and salient characteristics of curriculum within broad periods of educational history in South Africa will be discussed and key implications of historical curriculum analysis for postapartheid educational reconstruction will be presented.
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Mauritius: education and the world of work: a case study of an attempt to strengthen agriculture in schools. - Jeeroburkhan, F. (1990)
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