The effects of explicit timing on mathematics performance in second-grade Caucasian and African American students. - Rhymer, Katrina N; Henington, Carlen; Skinner, Christopher H.; Looby, Eugenie Joan (School Psychology Quarterly, 1999)
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Towards an understanding of Gambian teachers' lives and careers - Roberts-Holmes, Guy (1999)
This research shows that Gambian teachers have complex reasons for joining and remaining in the teaching profession. It builds upon the literature concerning teachers' professionalism in developing countries by describing and analysing Gambian teachers' professional discourses. This thesis argues that Gambian teachers are active participants who create 'narratives of action' which assert their professionalism. Gambian teachers understand their work as professional through the overlapping moral discourses of nationalism and Islam. These professional discourses sustain and empower Gambian teachers who often work in difficult material conditions. Current literature on teachers' professional lives and careers is predominately North American and European. By providing a 'space' within which Gambian teachers' 'storied narratives' may be heard, this thesis geographically adds to the literature on teachers' professionalism. Gambian teachers' 'genealogies of context' are based upon histories, religions and cultures different to those found within Europe or North America. Thus Gambian teachers' professionalism is situated within specific geographical and cultural discourses. Despite the concept of a Gambian situated professionalism, the thesis discusses those professional discourses which are shared between Gambian teachers and teachers in Europe and North America. This work internationally develops the concept that there are different situated professional cultures of teaching and at the same time shared professional teaching discourses.
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Towards a curriculum for teaching the holocaust in a South African Jewish primary school : a case study - Robinson, Colin G. (1999)
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Water harvesting for drought proofing of rainfed agriculture in semi-arid regions of Africa - Rockström, Johan; Falkenmark, Malin; Folke, Carl; Barron, Jennie; Fox, P. (1999)
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Achievement of African American students and white students: A comparative study of placement in the program for the gifted - Romanoff, Brenda (1999)
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Genetic And Physiological Studies On Drought Resistance Traits In Dry Bean (phaseolus Vulgaris_l.) In Kenya - Ronno, W.K. (1999)
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An historical narrative of the west African bush schools: implications for contemporary music education curricula - Ross-Hammond, Amelia (1999)
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Missing the Beat: Adult Learning Through Religious Music in an African American Church - Rowland, Michael L. (1999)
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The value of concentration schools as appreciated by Moroccans, Turks, and unskilled Belgians in Brussels - Rycke, Lieven De; Swyngedouw, Marc (International Journal of Educational Research, 1999)
Over the past few years, the number of schools with relatively high numbers of immigrants’ children seems to have increased sharply in certain suburbs of Brussels. No ethnic group is in favor of strongly homogeneous concentration schools, whether they be Turks, Moroccans, or French-speaking Belgians. Despite their poor knowledge of the schooling system, the Turks, Moroccans and unskilled Belgians perceive education as the ultimate vehicle for social integration and social mobility. They also are fully aware that concentration schools are not the answer to social exclusion, nor a path to social integration. Here we are confronted with a situation of involuntary ethnic homogenization through socio-ethnic stratification.
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The Impact of Cultural and Economic Globalization on the Planning and Function of Higher Education in North Africa and the Middle East. - Sabour, M’hammed (Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 1999)
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Analyzing the High School Biology Education In Yemen - Saif, Abdulsalam Dael (1999)
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A biochemical study of pollution in the middle and lower Shire River, Malawi - Saka, Kalenga; Ambali, J.D. (1999)
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[Economic pastoral evaluation of pastoral plants cultivation tolerance to drought in Syrian steppe]. [Arabic] - Samman, H Al (1999)
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Towards effective school management : a study of secondary schools in Tanzania - Sayi, L (1999)
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An investigation into patterns of specialist service use among African/Caribbean families caring for an adult with learning disabilities - Scarlett, Yvonne (1999)
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International maternal mortality reduction: outcome of traditional birth attendant education and intervention in Angola. - Schaider, Jeffrey; Ngonyani, Samson; Tomlin, Stephen; Rydman, Robert J.; Roberts, Rebecca (Journal of Medical Systems, 1999)
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Entomology. A textbook for students, agriculturalists and foresters in Papua New Guinea. - Schneider, Maurício (1999)
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Transforming Education in South Africa: Lessons From the Mozambican Experience - Schoeman, Stan (Africanus, 1999)
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Climate change and survival strategies of early homo and paranthropus in the Malawi rift - Schrenk, Friedmann; Bromage, Timothy (1999)
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Validating a Proposed Model of African-American Students' Social Adjustment. - Schwitzer, Alan M.; Ancis, Julie R.; Griffin, Oris (Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 1999)
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The role of tephrachronology in recognizing synchronous caldera-forming events at the Quaternary volcanoes Longonot and Suswa, south Kenya Rift - Scott, Stuart C.; Skilling, I. P. (Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1999)
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Integrated drought early warning - the Botswana example. - Sear, Chris; Campbell, Kathryn; Dambe, D.; Slade, Glenn; Grant, I. F.; Sear, Chris (1999)
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Reducing the impact of drought in southern Africa - delivering and using better forecasts. - Sear, Chris; Grant, I. F.; Sear, Chris (1999)
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Distance learning in banking education: an African perspective - Sedgwick, Randy; McGregor, P.C. (Ugandan Banker, 1999)
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Location and Education in South African Cities under and after Apartheid - Selod, Harris; Zénou, Yves (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1999)
We model a South African city during Apartheid (in which both schooling and mobility are restricted on the basis of race) and after Apartheid (in which no restrictions are imposed). We first show that the inequality between blacks and whites decreases when Apartheid laws are removed. Indeed, blacks are better off because of human capital externalities due to the possibility of mixing with white students whereas whites are worse off due to negative human capital externalities and intensified land market competition. After Apartheid, we also show that reducing the commuting costs of black children always increases the utility of black families and may even increase that of whites.
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Parent-teacher partnership in educating children with mental retardation in the central region of Uganda - Semakula, Paul (1999)
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Community as Classroom: Dilemmas of Valuing African Indigenous Literacy in Education - Semali, Ladislaus M. (1999)
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Impact of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia on cognitive function and school achievement of schoolchildren in the Yemen Republic - Serouri, A. W. Al; Gabar, Abdel Wahed Abdel (1999)
Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia is highly prevalent among schoolchildren especially in hyperendemic and holoenedemic areas where up to 90% of schoolchildren are affected. We hypothesized that parasitaemia may have a direct but transient effect on cognition through cytokine production. The impact of asymptomatic parasitaemia on cognitive functions and school achievement was examined in two separate studies, with different designs, that were conducted in two hyperendemic areas in Yemen. We first conducted a randomized controlled trial of the effect of treatment of asymptomatic parasitaemia on cognitive functions of schoolchildren. Due to unforeseen rapid clearance of parasitaemia among the placebo group we abandoned the trial after half the children had been enrolled and ran a second study designed to be a natural trial. A group (n= 445) of asymptomatic parasitaemic boys and a group of non-parasitaemic boys (n=142) matched for grade and school were first compared on their performance on a battery of cognitive and school achievement tests. Two weeks later the parasitaemic children were re-screened and 150 children of those who remained parasitaemic were matched for grade and school with 150 children who were previously parasitaemic but no longer parasitaemic. These children were then retested and compared on their performance on the cognitive tests. The results showed a high prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition among school-children. The parasitaemic children were significantly more anaemic, had a higher prevalence of splenomegaly, were more likely to come from fathers who were illiterate and farmers. After controlling for age, socioeconomic background and nutritional status it was found that the parasitaemic children performed worse than the non-parasitaemic children in fine motor function tests, but not on the other cognitive tests. The parasitaemic children in the clinical trial also had worse performance only in these tests. The results from the natural experiment showed no difference in performance in cognitive tests between those who naturally cured and those who remained parasitaemic. However, children who initially had the highest parasite density improved the most in a fine motor tests and a picture memory test. C-reactive proteins (CRP) concentrations were determined on enrollment and at follow-up. On both occasions they were significantly higher among parasitaemic children than non-parasitaemic children. The CRP concentrations at follow-up of those who were parasitaemic on enrollment and became non-parasitaemic at follow-up returned to normal concentration, while the CRP concentrations of children who remained parasitaemic remained high. The CRP concentaration was highly positively correlated with parasite density and splenomegaly, and negatively correlated with haemoglobin and picture memory test. In both the clinical trial and natural trial, parasitaemia was associated with low performance in fine motor function. In addition, initial parasite density predicted changes in scores of the same tests and picture memory. Therefore there is limited evidence that parasitaemia may affect performance in these tests. However, we were unable to show a benefit from loosing parasitaemia over a two weeks period. The need for more research in this area and the ideas for future studies are highlighted.
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Effect of differential preparation of COSC students in English language: a study of two high schools in Lesotho - Setoi, S.M. (1999)
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Social Policy Training and Social Work: The South African Context - Sewpaul, Vishantie; Lombard, Antoinette; Louw, Lionel R.; Noyoo, Ndangwa (Journal of Social Development in Africa, 1999)
This paper discussesthe nature,context and evolutionof social policy training in the South Africancontext. It addressesthe definitionand scopeof social policy, socialpolicy and socialworkpracticein SouthMrica and deals with socialpolicy content in social work curriculain schools/departmentsin South African universities. The unique experiences of these departments/schools mirror the wider complexitiesof South Africansociety,whichis undergoingdeep-seatedchanges and transformationin all spheresof life.The majorantecedentto such changeand transformationwas the first democraticelectionsof 1994that saw the demise of the former political system of apartheid. Social Policy Training and Social Work: The South African Context The paper is contextualisedagainst the proceedingsof (and the presentations of four schools/departmentsof social work in South Mrica [l])at a regional workshopon: Socialpolicy trainingat schoolsof socialwork inEasternandSouthern Africa. The workshop, which was held in Zimbabwe from 1-2June 1998, was hosted under the auspices of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC)which brought togethersocial work academics from Botswana,Zambia, Uganda,Lesotho,Zimbabwe,TanzaniaandSouthMrica. The workshopprovided an excellent forumfor sharingof informationand for critical dialogueregarding the status of social policy training in the Central, Southern and Eastern African countries. Such reflection and actionenabledparticipants to appreciatecommon regionalconcernsand the relationship between these regional concerns and the
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Diurnal variations of rainfall over Niger in the West African Sahel: a comparison between wet and drought years - Shinoda, Masato; Okatani, Takashi; Saloum, Mahaman (International Journal of Climatology, 1999)
A comparative study has been conducted of the diurnal variations of 3-hourly rainfall for Niamey, located in Niger, in the West African Sahel among four extreme precipitation periods: the wet periods of the 1950s and late 1980s to early 1990s versus the drought periods of the early 1970s and 1980s. In general, the 3-hourly rainfall amounts and frequencies for Niamey exhibited a primary maximum during the hours 03:00–06:00 h local standard time (LST). The most striking differences between the wet and dry periods were found in the rainfall amounts and frequencies from midnight to morning, especially during 03:00–06:00 h LST. For the two drought periods, the rainfall amounts, frequencies, and intensities during 03:00–06:00 h LST decreased to 42, 55, and 75% of the respective rainfall parameters for the wet periods. The drought conditions during the early 1970s and 1980s were characterized by a reduced frequency of continuous heavy rainfall (total amounts exceeding 30 mm) that occurred mainly during 00:00–09:00 h LST. The phase of peak rainfall in the diurnal cycle varied from region-to-region over Niger. This greatly depended on the timing of the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), such as squall lines preferentially generated near the Aïr Mountains and Jos Plateau regions during the late afternoon, which then propagated westward. For the drought year 1987, reduced rainfall occurred widely over Niger during the diurnal phase of peak rainfall. This was likely due to the southward movement of the tracks of the MCSs associated with a similar displacement of the West African rainbelt. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
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Diurnal variations of rainfall over Niger in the West African Sahel: a comparison between wet and drought years - Shinoda, Masato; Okatani, Takashi; Saloum, Mahaman (International Journal of Climatology, 1999)
International Journal of ClimatologyVolume 19, Issue 1 p. 81-94 Research Article Diurnal variations of rainfall over Niger in the West African Sahel: a comparison between wet and drought years Masato Shinoda, Corresponding Author Masato Shinoda [email protected] Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorTakashi Okatani, Takashi Okatani Department of Geography, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMahaman Saloum, Mahaman Saloum Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, B.P.218, Niamey, NigerSearch for more papers by this author Masato Shinoda, Corresponding Author Masato Shinoda [email protected] Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorTakashi Okatani, Takashi Okatani Department of Geography, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, 113-0033 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMahaman Saloum, Mahaman Saloum Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, B.P.218, Niamey, NigerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 February 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199901)19:1<81::AID-JOC350>3.0.CO;2-FCitations: 38AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract A comparative study has been conducted of the diurnal variations of 3-hourly rainfall for Niamey, located in Niger, in the West African Sahel among four extreme precipitation periods: the wet periods of the 1950s and late 1980s to early 1990s versus the drought periods of the early 1970s and 1980s. In general, the 3-hourly rainfall amounts and frequencies for Niamey exhibited a primary maximum during the hours 03:00–06:00 h local standard time (LST). The most striking differences between the wet and dry periods were found in the rainfall amounts and frequencies from midnight to morning, especially during 03:00–06:00 h LST. For the two drought periods, the rainfall amounts, frequencies, and intensities during 03:00–06:00 h LST decreased to 42, 55, and 75% of the respective rainfall parameters for the wet periods. The drought conditions during the early 1970s and 1980s were characterized by a reduced frequency of continuous heavy rainfall (total amounts exceeding 30 mm) that occurred mainly during 00:00–09:00 h LST. The phase of peak rainfall in the diurnal cycle varied from region-to-region over Niger. This greatly depended on the timing of the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), such as squall lines preferentially generated near the Aïr Mountains and Jos Plateau regions during the late afternoon, which then propagated westward. For the drought year 1987, reduced rainfall occurred widely over Niger during the diurnal phase of peak rainfall. This was likely due to the southward movement of the tracks of the MCSs associated with a similar displacement of the West African rainbelt. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society Citing Literature Volume19, Issue1January 1999Pages 81-94 RelatedInformation
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Factors Influencing the Career Choices of African American Collegians: Implications for Minority Teacher Recruitment - Shipp, Veronica H. (Journal of Negro Education, 1999)
This article describes a study conducted to gain insight into the factors that are most important to African American college students in deciding on a career course and the attractiveness of teaching as a career choice. The primary focus of the study was a comparison of education and non-education majors. Survey responses from 263 students were gathered. Findings indicated that non-education majors placed significantly more importance on salary, job security, and advancement in their career choices than did education majors. Regarding a career in teaching, both groups perceive salary and prestige as the least attractive aspects. The number of students enrolling in schools, colleges, and departments of education (SCDEs) has been increasing since the late 1980s, but whether or not their numbers will be sufficient to meet the predicted needs is debatable. Current projections suggest that by the year 2006, 2 million elementary and 1.4 million secondary teachers will be needed to meet the growing enrollments of public schools across the nation (National Teacher Policy Institute [NTPI], 1997). The overwhelming majority of students entering SCDEs today continues to be White women (Fuller, 1994; Meek, 1998). There may be debate regarding the accuracy of projected numbers of teachers needed, but the increasing scarcity of minority teachers is widely recognized as a serious problem with far-reaching consequences (Cochran-Smith, 1995; King, 1993). The number of African American teachers has been on the decline since the late 1970s, and this trend shows little sign of reversal (Page & Page, 1991). African Americans represented 12% of the nation's teaching force in 1978 and only 9% in 1993 (Meek, 1998). Conversely, there has been a rapid increase in the number of minority students, especially African Americans and Hispanics (U.S. Department of Education, 1994). Extensive speculation has been offered regarding the reasons for the decline in the numbers of African Americans entering the teaching profession. Many contend that this decline is linked to the expanded career opportunities now available in other areas considered more lucrative and prestigious than teaching. Banks (1988) translated the decline in numbers of African American teachers into an increase in the number of African American lawyers, engineers, scientists, and so forth. Furthermore, to many of today's African American college students, a career in teaching is perceived as a career of a bygone era that reflected a lack of options (Perkins, 1989). A different perspective is presented by researchers who contend that the decline is due to more stringent testing and admission standards in schools of education and more demanding certification and licensing measures. Harley-Adams (1988) noted that no fewer than 46 states require some form of paper-and-pencil competency testing of teachers. In each of those states, African Americans had average scores lower than those of Whites. Harley-Adams, as well as Hackley (1985), contended that this specter served as a disincentive for African Americans considering a teaching career. Page and Page (1991) found that African American educators frequently cited such testing requirements as a deterrent in teacher retention. This explanation implies restricted accessibility rather than undesirability of a career in teaching. Still another explanation is the overall decline in the number of African Americans attending college. Between 1976 and 1989, the higher education participation rate for African American women dipped by 7.5%, and the participation rate for African American men plunged by 17% during the same period (Boatwright, Ching, & Parr, 1992). Although African American women achieved gains in enrollment in the 1990s, enrollment of African American men continued to slump (American Council on Education [ACE], 1996). It is not readily apparent which theory is the primary explanation for the decline in the number of African American education majors. …
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DRAMA AND AIDS EDUCATION IN UGANDA: AN INTERVIEW WITH ROSE MBOWA - Sicherman, Carol (South African Theatre Journal, 1999)
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Occurence , severity and magnitude of hydrological drought in Zambia :impacts and implications - Sichingabula, Henry M. (IAHS-AISH publication, 1999)
Persistent occurrence of drought under increasing water supply demands for municipalities and agriculture, and under increased threat of global warming, requires increased understanding of drought characteristics and sustainable use of water resources. Using the theory of runs, several hydrological drought parameters of frequency of occurrence, run length, magnitude and run intensity, were investigated for the Kafue and Zambezi rivers. Objectives were to (a) determine magnitude-frequency characteristics of hydrological droughts; (b) determine some drought run parameters and frequency of their occurrence; and (c) propose a new approach for increasing Zambia's utilization of its water resources without jeopardizing international relations with neighbouring countries. Better understanding of droughts and assessment of Zambia's present and future water requirements will enable planners and decision makers to bring increased economic benefits to citizens. Zambia's drought and water scarcity problems are outlined and linked to some proposed regional water projects designed to divert water from the Zambezi River system. One possible solution to problems of drought and dwindling water levels on Kafue River is proposed.
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An analysis of distance education development in Mali from 1960 to 1998 - Sidibé, Toumani (1999)
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Self care for chronic illness: older African Americans and whites. - Silverman, Myrna; Musa, Donald; Kirsch, Brenda L.; Siminoff, Laura A. (Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 1999)
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“The Only Little Corner of the Great British Empire in Which No One Ever Played Cricket” Reciprocal Relations in British Palestine Health and Education (1930–39) - Simoni, Marcella (1999)
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Private computer training in Papua New Guinea: from chaos to order - Sinebare, Musawe (1999)
Information Technology (IT) education and training in Papua N e w guinea (PNG) like those in many developing countries has not been formally introduced into the public school system. The demand from public and private sector employers for personnel with IT knowledge, experience and qualifications from the workplace is growing rapidly as the workplace is gradually applying computing skills to improve efficiency. P N G nationals from the public sector educational institutions, particularly school leavers from the secondary school level (which constitute that population) urgently require education and training opportunities in computer application skills and IT in general. In PNG, only the universities, some post-secondary institutions and the private training organisations are conducting some form of formal computer related courses. Since entry to universities is highly competitive and often a limited number of study places are available, the majority of the school leavers and employees w h o require computer skills training often resort to the short-term computer related courses conducted by private computer training organisations. The private computer training organisations are registered as a 'commercial organisation' but conduct computer or IT related education and training programs as a 'private training organisation'. Such a scenario is allowed and facilitated by the current policy and regulatory framework which promotes unregulated, uncoordinated and ad hoc IT education and training environment in the
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Factors that Affect Enrollment in Eighth Grade Algebra for African-American Students. - Singh, Kusum; Granville, Monique (1999)
The study was conducted to explore the variables that affect enrollment in eighth grade algebra for African-American students. Eighth grade algebra has been described as a gate keeping course that ...
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The role of training in the human resource department of the south African parliament - Siswana, Batandwa (1999)
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Strategies in Teaching and Learning. Southern African Regional Institute for Policy Studies (SARIPS). - Siyakwazi, Ben John; Siyakwazi, P. (1999)
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Fishing for Solutions: Training and Developmental Intervention in West Africa - Skelt, Joana (1999)
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Forestry, Africa and climate change protocol - Skutsch, Margaret (1999)
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Inner-City African-American Students' Street Mathematics vs. School Mathematics. - Smalley, Shelia Y.; Moch, Peggy L. (Journal of At-Risk Issues, 1999)
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The social networks and resources of African American eighth graders: evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. - Smith-Maddox, Renée (PubMed, 1999)
This study used data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 to examine the relationship of social and cultural resources and teachers' perception of ability to the educational aspirations of African American eighth graders. The results were compared by social class. It was found that discussions with parents about school or careers, participation in activities outside of school, parental involvement, and parents' expectations were positively related to educational aspirations, while poverty status and teachers' perception of low achievement level were negatively related to aspirations.
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Soil fertility experimentation and recommendations for drought-prone regions of Zimbabwe and Malawi - Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Phiri, R.; Moyo, A. (1999)
Farmers' use of fertilizer in Malawi and Zimbabwe tends to fall far below officially recommended levels. This paper discusses fertilizer use and related research in those countries, including extension recomendations, studies on yield responses to inorganic fertilizer, alternatives to fertilizer use, modeling applications for extrapolating data from trials conducted under stress conditions, and the need that recommendations reflect diverse farmer priorities, rather than simply maximizing crop performance. Promising soil management technologies suggested for dry areas include 1) small amounts of fertilizer plus organic inputs (manure or legume residues), 2) response farming, 3) combined use of conservation tillage systems and fertility technologies, and 4) intensified use of long-season legume rotations and intercrops. Testing promising technologies should involve an iterative approach, including on-farm performance, farmer evaluation, and model simulation.
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African American Student Access To and Completion Of Higher Education, 1960-1992: A Correspondence Theory Analysis - Snyder, Paula J. (1999)
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[Disabilities observed in new cases of leprosy diagnosed in the Bamako district (Mali) in 1994]. - So, Sow; Tiendrébéogo, Arnaud Jean Florent; B, Hamed Oould; Lienhart, Camille; Jm, Pönnighaus (PubMed, 1999)
Our study concerns 244 new cases of leprosy diagnosed in the Bamako district in 1994. 154/244 patients could be contacted and were examined in the Leprosy Department of the Marchoux Institute in Bamako. Results showed that the presence of leprosy induced physical disabilities was associated with male gender (59%), advanced age (68%) and multibacillary disease (68%). Disabilities were also more frequent among patients having a rural or manual occupation at the time of screening or afterwards. There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the prevalence of disabilities when comparing patients at the time of diagnosis (29%) and thereafter (48%). This means that in 40% of disability cases, lesions developed during or after the treatment. Disabilities were predominantly observed in hands (33%) and feet (29%) with more frequent lesions in lateral popliteal, superior ulnar and posterior tibial nerves. Our results seem to demonstrate the inadequacy of preventive measures and management. This stresses the need for adequate prevention and therapy of leprosy induced disabilities in order to obtain proper eradication of leprosy induced health problems.
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Empowerment of Rural Zulu Women through Popular Adult Education in South Africa: A Case Study of the National Association for Women's Empowerment (NAWE) Program in KwaZulu-Natal - Sosibo, Zilungile (1999)
This paper reports the study on grassroots Zulu women in the NAWE program. The purpose was to investigate whether the women were empowered. The research question was: Are the women empowered, if so, in what ways and how do they define empowerment? Methods of data collection included interviews, participant observation, and document analysis.
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Addison's disease in Africa—a teaching hospital experience - Soule, Steven (Clinical Endocrinology, 1999)
OBJECTIVE Addison's disease may present with diverse and non‐specific clinical and biochemical features. Contentious issues include the appropriate criteria for the interpretation of the ACTH stimulation test and the necessary extent of investigation to identify a specific aetiology for the hypoadrenalism. The experience of Addison's disease at a South African teaching hospital was reviewed to (1) record the aetiology and spectrum of presentation, (2) examine the performance of the ACTH stimulation test and (3) determine the utility of adrenal CT scan and biopsy. METHODS Retrospective study of patients admitted to a South African teaching hospital from 1980 to 1997 with a diagnosis of acute Addison's disease. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Fifty patients presenting with acute Addison's disease were identified by a search of hospital records. Pretreatment biochemical and haematological parameters were recorded. The cortisol response at 20 and 60 min to an intravenous injection of 250 μg synacthen (Cortrosyn ® ) was analysed. In a subgroup of affected subjects, the bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured during long‐term follow‐up. RESULTS Presenting features included hyperpigmentation (86%), weight loss (67%), abdominal pain (20%) and diarrhoea (16%). Thirty‐nine patients (78%) were hyponatraemic, while 26 (53%) were hyperkalaemic. Nine patients (18%) were hypoglycaemic and 21% had hypercalcaemia. The mean basal cortisol was 148 nmol/l (range 10–487) and 16 patients (40%) had a normal basal cortisol. The mean cortisol 20 min after ACTH stimulation was 172 nmol/l (range 19–588). There was no significant increase in serum cortisol following ACTH stimulation ( P > 0.05). Adrenal CT scans were performed in only 24 patients (48%) and were normal in 10, while abnormalities were detected in 14 patients (bilateral enlargement in 11, calcification in two and atrophic adrenals in one). Eight patients had a DEXA scan performed during follow‐up—four were osteopaenic in the lumbar spine and five at the femoral neck. The probable aetiology of Addison's was idiopathic in 42%, related to active TB in 18%, old TB in 16%, autoimmune in 12% and malignancy with metastases in 6%—single cases were due to sarcoid, iron overload and adrenoleukodystrophy. Adrenal biopsy was performed in two patients and was diagnostic of malignancy in both cases. The mortality within the first month after hospitalization was 12%. CONCLUSIONS In our experience, Addison's disease is frequently idiopathic, presents with protean manifestations and should be considered in patients with unexplained hyperpigmentation or gastrointestinal complaints, particularly when associated with hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. A normal basal cortisol does not exclude the diagnosis which requires ACTH stimulation testing.
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Technology education in South Africa: an evaluation of the impact of an experimental high school curriculum with particular reference to teacher pedagogy and student group work - Stables, Kay; Kimbell, Richard; Molwane, Olefile Bethuel (1999)
This paper focuses on the impact of the Technology Education Project in the North West Province of South Africa (NWPTEP) which has aimed to introduce technology education into a group of the Province's high schools, in grades 10 - 12. It reports on an evaluation study carried out in the final stages of the project, looking particularly at the impact of introducing an active, learner centred, problem solving pedagogy into the schools and within this at the effect of using group work in the teaching and learning situation. The paper presents findings derived from the assessment of a pupil technological activity, an evaluation questionnaire and a set of structured interviews with those involved in the project.
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Using Texts on Education to Teach About Africa - Stambach, Amy (Educational practice and theory, 1999)
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Using Familialism within the Schools To Increase Attendance and Academic Performance of African American Urban High School Freshmen: Evaluating the Student-Teacher-Parent Support Unit. - Steward, Robbie J.; Hill, Martin (1999)
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The feasibility of using distance education for the training of health-care professionals in Eritrea - Steyn, Paul J.N. (Progressio, 1999)
The delivery of Primary Health Care (PHC) services to the rural communities in Eritrea is seen by their Ministry of Health (MOH) as of primary importance. The establishment and the staffing of such facilities place a heavy burden on the initial training of health care professionals and on the maintenance of skills and theoretical expertise of such personnel. Both initial education in the Health Sciences and the establishment and maintenance of a system for continuous education are regarded as very important. Distance education is often viewed as a system which encompasses distance learning (the activity of students), and distance teaching (the organisation of the process, including the preparation of materials and tutoring). Distance education covers the various forms of study at all levels which are not under the continuous, immediate supervision of lecturers / instructors / tutors present with their students in lecture rooms or on the same premises but which, nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance and tuition of a supporting organisation. Die lewering van Primere Gesondheidsorgdienste aan die afgelee gemeenskappe in Eritrea word deur die Ministerie van Gesondheid as uiters belangrik beskou. Die daarstelling van sulke fasiliteite en die gepaardgaande personeelvoorsiening maak die opleiding van sulke personeel en die instandhouding van hulle aangeleerde vaardighede en kundighede problematies. Inisiele opleiding van gesondheidsorgpersoneel en die daarstelling van 'n stelsel vir die instandhouding van 'n stelsel vir voortgesette opleiding word as uiters belangrik beskou. Afstandsonderrig word dikwels gesien as 'n stelsel wat beide afstandsleer (studenteaktiwiteite) en afstandsonderrig (die organisasie van die proses waarby die voorbereiding van studiemateriaal ingesluit is). Afstandsonderrig sluit die verskillende wyses van studeer op alle vlakke in waar sodanige studies nie onder die voortdurende, onmiddelike toesig van dosente / instrukteurs / tutors in die teenwoordigheid van hulle studente in lesinglokale of op dieselfe terrein is nie, maar waar sodanige studie tog voordeel trek uit die beplannig, leiding en onderrig deur 'n ondersteunende organisasie.
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The relationship between selected student family background variables and academic achievement among junior secondary school students in Swaziland - Sukati, C.W.S. (1999)
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Bilingual Education on an Uneven Playfield: The Kenyan Case - Sure, Kembo (The Journal of Third World Studies, 1999)
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THE EPIDEMIC OF TINEA CAPITIS DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS SCHOOL‐AGED AFRICAN AMERICANS - Tack, D. Alan; Fleishcer, Alan; McMichael, Amy J.; Feldman, Steven R. (Pediatric Dermatology, 1999)
Pediatric DermatologyVolume 16, Issue 1 p. 75-75 THE EPIDEMIC OF TINEA CAPITIS DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTS SCHOOL-AGED AFRICAN AMERICANS D. ALAN TACK B.S, D. ALAN TACK B.S Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorALAN FLEISHCER, JR. M.D, ALAN FLEISHCER, JR. M.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAMY McMICHAEL M.D, AMY McMICHAEL M.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorSTEVEN FELDMAN M.D., Ph.D, STEVEN FELDMAN M.D., Ph.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author D. ALAN TACK B.S, D. ALAN TACK B.S Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorALAN FLEISHCER, JR. M.D, ALAN FLEISHCER, JR. M.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAMY McMICHAEL M.D, AMY McMICHAEL M.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorSTEVEN FELDMAN M.D., Ph.D, STEVEN FELDMAN M.D., Ph.D Winston-Salem, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 January 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1470.1999.016001075.xCitations: 21Read the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume16, Issue1January/February 1999Pages 75-75 RelatedInformation
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Anthropogenic Determinants of Success in Agricultural Education: The Case of Jimma College of Agriculture, Ethiopia - Tadesse, Bedassa; Sellassie, Kidist (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 1999)
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Nutritional Status, Food-Consumption Frequency, and Nutrient Intake of Pre-School Children in Northern Ghana - Takyi, Etor E. K. (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 1999)
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A Qualitative Study of Asian American International Students' Attitudes Toward African Amercians - Talbot, Donna M.; Geelhoed, Robyn J.; Ninggal, Mohd. Tajudin Hj. (NASPA Journal, 1999)
This qualitative study was designed to gather information using focus groups, about Asian international students' experiences with and attitudes toward African Americans, to identify the sources of these attitudes, and to discover methods that would address negative attitudes that Asian students might have towards African American students. The article also offers perspectives for rethinking research strategies with Asian international students.
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A Qualitative Study of Asian International Students' Attitudes toward African Americans. - Talbot, Donna M.; Geelhoed, Robyn J.; Ninggal, Mohd. Tajudin Hj. (NASPA Journal, 1999)
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Stakeholders, Libraries and Education in Africa: The Story of Simangele, Girl Who Went Through South African Education System Without Using a Library - Tawete, F. (African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science, 1999)
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Retrospective study of childhood experiences of persons with disabilities and high achievement profiles in Ethiopia - Teferra, Tirussew (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 1999)
Abstract: An attempt was made to examine early psychosocial home and school conditions of persons with disabilities and high achievement and resilient personality qualities. The subjects were persons with hearing, visual, and motor impairments. Structured and semi-structured questionnaire and focus-group discussions were employed for collecting field data. Over 82% of the participants reported that they had a conducive psychosocial home environment in their early childhood development which was manifested in the form of mutual understanding, affection, acceptance, and provision of back-up support. A t-test result also revealed no statistically significant differences (I± = 0.05) across the different disability groups. Furthermore, high correlation coefficient (r = 0.89) but no statistically significant differences (I± = 0.05) were found between early psychosocial experience of the participants and their current home interaction. It is suggested that the quality of early familial psychosocial support for children with disabilities play a vital role for their subsequent achievement and success in life. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1999;13(3):195-204]
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Retrospective study of childhood experiences of persons with disabilities and high achievement profiles in Ethiopia - Teferra, Tirussew (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 1999)
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Riding the storm of change: Makhado, Venda and the South African Republic (1864 - 1895) - Tempelhoff, Johann; Nemudzivadi, Henry (1999)
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Use of Latent Class Analyses for the Estimation of Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment, and Signs of Stroke and Parkinson’s Disease among African-American Elderly of Central Harlem: Results of the Harlem Aging Project - Teresi, Jeanne A.; Albert, Steven M.; Holmes, Douglas; Mayeux, Richard (Neuroepidemiology, 1999)
A probability sample (response rate of 79.4%) of 164 African-American elderly residing in central Harlem was assessed using several standard cognitive screening measures and scales measuring stroke and Parkinson's symptoms, respectively. Both traditional cutting scores and the methods of latent class analysis were used to estimate point prevalence. The latent class prevalence ratio estimates range from 10 to 14%. The confidence intervals for cognitive impairment ranged from 5 to 18% with an average estimate of 12%. The latent class estimate for stroke effects was 11% and for two measures of neurological signs associated with Parkinson's disease 7 and 12%. About 2-3% of the sample were communication disordered, and 5% had significant ambulation disorder. These results indicate that a relatively large proportion of elderly community residents of central Harlem evidenced or reported health problems, any or all of which may constitute a public health challenge.
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Teaching Primatology at the Université de Mahajanga (NW Madagascar) - Thalmann, Urs; Zaramody, Alphonse (1999)
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Lexical confusions in second language written production and their implications for teaching materials for vocabulary development in English for academic purposes: a case study of Lesotho - Thetela, M. (1999)
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Influences on Mathematics Learning among African American High School Students. - Thomas, John P. (1999)
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Midwives' experience of their clinical education at a nursing college in Swaziland - Thwala, Fortunate Nomsa (1999)
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Risk Management Among the Guji of Southern Ethiopia- Lack of Preparedness Indicated High Vulnerability for Next Drought - Tihut, Yirgu; Coppock, D. Layne (1999)
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Test of Homogeneity, frequency analysis of rainfall data and estimate of drought probabilities in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. - Tilahun, Ketema (Journal of Natural Resources, 1999)
Ethiopian agriculture is almost totally dependent or rainfall. But this rainfall varies from year to year and is not dependable. Frequency analysis has been used to determine rainfall amounts for different return period for Dire Dawa using data covering the period 1979-98. A computer software RAINBOW was used. The rainfall data has been tested for homogeneity at different significance levels. It is found to be generally homogeneous. Different plotting position formulas have been compared. Frequency analysis of rainfall data has been done for three seasons i.e. belg kiremt, and bega, for various return periods and exceedence levels using Weibul plotting position and normal distribution. There is a high probability of failure of belg seasonal rainfall than that of Kiremt. Drought probability in the region is estimated to be 25%.
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The association of children's nutritional status to maternal education in Zigbaboto, Guragie Zone, Ethiopia - Timotewos, Genebo; Woldemariam, Guesh Teklu; Jemal, H.; Tsegaye, Demissie (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 1999)
Abstract: A cross-sectional study intended to assess the association of the nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months in relation to the literacy status of their mothers was undertaken in Zigbaboto village, Guragie Zone, Southern Ethiopia, during March-April, 1996. The study was based on 231 children and the overall prevalences of stunting, underweight and wasting were 46.7%, 44.2%, and 13.0%, respectively. A bivariate analysis based on height-for-age showed a high prevalence of stunting in children of illiterate mothers (52.2%) than children of literate mothers (22.2%). This difference is noted to be statistically significant (P
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Participatory Learning and Action: Challenges for South Africa - Truurnicht, Stephan; Botha, Neels (Africanus, 1999)
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IOC/GLOSS-GOOS training workshop on sea-level data analysis, South Africa, 16-27 November 1998 - Unesco, Ioc (1999)
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The effectiveness of special classes on the performance of slow learners in mathematics in primary schools in Masvingo region, Zimbabwe - Urombo, Regis (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1999)
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Muslims in East Africa Develop Their Own Higher-Education Options. - Useem, Andrea (The Chronicle of higher education, 1999)
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'Not yet simunye': racism in 'integrated' South African schools - Vally, Salim (Indicator South Africa, 1999)
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Violence in South African Schools - Vally, Salim; Dolombisa, Yolanda; Porteus, Kim (Current issues in comparative education, 1999)
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Optimalisation of Training Programs in Primary Health Care in the Northern Province of South Africa - Vandelanotte, Joris; Decock, Rika (1999)
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Estimating Returns to Education in Off-Farm Activities in Rural Ethiopia - Verwimp, Filip (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1999)
I use an extended version of Mincer's original model to estimate the returns to schooling in rural Ethiopia. In a first step, a multinomial logit model is applied to distinguish between four groups of people, (1) full-time farmers, (2) part-time farmers, part time wage workers, (3) part-time farmers, part time traders and (4) full-time non-farmers. In a second step, a correction for sample selectivity is made using the Lee-Heckman method and the returns are estimated. The results show that returns on schooling are high in group (4) and lower in groups (2) and (3). Entry in well-paid jobs is constrained for non educated people. Women are particularly well represented in the third group but strongly underrepresented in the fourth group. The estimation shows that education is a worthwile investment in rural Ethiopia and the fact that households underinvest in education can be attributed to the lack of resources at the household level.
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Estimating Returns to Education in Off-Farm Activities in Rural Ethiopia - Verwimp, Phillip (Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 1999)
I have used an extended version of Mincer's original model to estimate the returns to schooling in rural Ethiopia. In a first step a multinomial log it model is applied to distinguish between for groups of people,(1) full-time farmers, (2) part-time farmers and part-time wage workers,(3) part-time farmers and part-time traders and (4) full-time non-farmers. In a second step, a correction for sample selectivity is made using the Lee-Heckman method and the returns are estimated. The results show that returns on schooling are high in group (4)and lower in groups(2) and (3). Entry in well-paid jobs is constrained for non-educated people. Women are particularly well represented in the third group but strongly underrepresented in the fourth group. The estimation shows overall that education is a worthwhile investment in rural Ethiopia and the fact that households under invest in education can be attributed to the lack of resources at the household level.
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Forest response to climate changes in Atlantic Equatorial Africa during the last 4000 years BP and inheritance on the modern landscapes - Vincens, Annie; Schwartz, Dominique; Elenga, Hilaire; Farrera, Isabelle; Alexandre, Aurélie; Bertaux, Jacques; Mariotti, André A.; Martin, Louis; Meunier, Jean‐Dominique; Nguetsop, F.; Servant, Michel; Servant-Vildary, Simone; et al. (1999)
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Kenya Science Teachers College : återblickar och reflexioner - Vinterbäck, Åke; Bergman, Olle; Österling, Olle (1999)
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Trainee science teachers' views toward ethnoscience and science education in Botswana and Papua New Guinea - Vlaardingerbroek, B. (Mosenodi, 1999)
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Climate Change and Global Agricultural Potential: A Case Study of Nigeria - Voortman, R.L.; Sonneveld, B.G.J.S.; Langeveld, J.W.A.; Fischer, G.; Veldhuizen, H.T. van (1999)
This study presents a spatially specific assessment of the potential impacts of the greenhouse effect on crop production potentials and land productivity in Nigeria. To this effect a large number of scenarios were used consisting of results from experiments with General Circulation Models (GCM’s) as well as sensitivity scenarios in which single variables were changed. Each scenario is characterised by level of increase of atmospheric CO2, change of stomatal resistance and climate change in terms of temperatures, rainfall and radiation. The effects of such changes have been assessed within the framework of the agro-ecological zones methodology, that was adapted and expanded for the purpose of the present study. Climate changes are applied to observed baseline conditions for the period 1960-1990 and simulated climate is used in combination with soil and landform conditions, plant physiological adaptations to elevated CO2 and a number of sustainability criteria (e.g. fallow period requirements) to calculate crop production potentials and land productivity. Scenario outputs are compared with current conditions to assess potential impacts and sensitivity of agricultural production to global change phenomena. A large number of maps and tables summarise the potential impacts on crop production potentials and land productivity. The low predictive value of GCM’s and large differences between GCM’s only allow to draw conclusions of policy relevance taking into account a cautionary bandwidth of possible events. The Nigerian middle belt will hardly be affected because changes are likely to be limited and farmers may adapt by choosing other crop varieties. The north of the country is very sensitive to changes of climate and the prevailing crops show little response to elevated CO2 levels. GCM’s are consistent in indicating climatic changes that lower land suitability for perennial crops in the south. The south-west, with a bimodal rainfall tendency, is particularly sensitive to climate change. Here small changes in scenario may cause either one long growing period or two short ones. However, lower productivity due to climate change, if any, is likely to be more than compensated by the effects of enhanced CO2 levels. Prevalent crops in the south have a C3 photosynthesis pathway, that is responsive to enhanced CO2 levels, which is likely to result in increased of productivity of annual crops such as yams and cassava. Global change may thus exacerbate the current disparities of crop production potentials between the north and the south of the country.
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The learning organisation as a management of change technique : a comparative study between the South African and Dutch police - Vroom, C.W.; Beek, C.J. van (1999)
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University students' perception of the courses they take and their expectations of the workplace after graduation: the case of Egerton University, Kenya - Wachanga, Samuel W.; Githua, Bernard Nyingi; Keraro, Fred N. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1999)
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Distance-based learning to introduce primary health care training and service delivery: a case study in South Africa. - Wachira, John; Igras, Susan; Stein, Jason; Banda, Evelyn Chitsa (1999)
This technical report summarizes a case study on Distance-Based Learning (DBL) to Introduce Primary Health Care (PHC) Training and Service Delivery in South Africa. This report aims to 1) analyze the innovative distance-based training program; 2) reflect achievements and lessons learned in the use of these training approach; and 3) provide DBL program information for program managers. The goal of increasing the availability and quality of integrated and comprehensive PHC was accomplished by training rural nurses and other service providers and field testing in the Eastern Cape. A successful transfer of knowledge and skills and promotion of client-oriented attitudes was observed. Lessons learned and recommendations for future programs include the following: 1) use of DBL training innovations that allow trainees to gain both knowledge and skills; 2) value of a comprehensive training needs assessment for curriculum development and program evaluation; 3) importance of participatory processes in training program development and implementation and in ensuring the continuation of the new PHC orientation; 4) management support needed by the DBL training program; and 5) professional accreditation for successful completion of the training course.
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Conflict of Ethnic Identity and the Language of Education Policy in Contemporary Ethiopia - Wagaw, Teshome G. (Northeast African Studies, 1999)
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Lifelong Learning within Higher Education in South Africa: Emancipatory Potential? - Walters, Shirley (1999)
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Undergraduate chemistry education in Africa. - Wandiga, SO (1999)
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Climate Variability in Northern Africa: Understanding Droughts in the Sahel and the Maghreb - Ward, Martin; Lamb, Peter; Portis, Diane H.; Hamly, Mostafa El; Sebbari, Rachid (1999)
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An American Teacher in Uganda. - Warnemuende, Carolyn (Montessori Life, 1999)
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Women's education in Sudan - Washi, Sidiga (1999)
Women in Sudan are seen primarily as wives, mothers and family care takers. Historically, educational opportunities have been limited. However, the last two decades have seen steady progress in women's education. This paper provides an overview of women's education from the Turco-Egyptian rule (1921-1884) to the 1990s and concludes that while women's education in Sudan is progressing well, traditional ideology is still prevalent and policies and strategies are needed that will remove the constraints in rural and remote areas and ensure the continuity of girls in education.
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Women's education in Sudan - Washi, Sidiga (1999)
Women in Sudan are seen primarily as wives, mothers and family care takers. Historically, educational opportunities have been limited. However, the last two decades have seen steady progress in women's education. This paper provides an overview of women's education from the Turco-Egyptian rule (1921-1884) to the 1990s and concludes that while women's education in Sudan is progressing well, traditional ideology is still prevalent and policies and strategies are needed that will remove the constraints in rural and remote areas and ensure the continuity of girls in education.
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CAREER DECISION OF SOUTH AFRICAN STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - Watson, Mark (Psychological Reports, 1999)
The career decisiveness of postsecondary South African students in vocational education (N = 1062) were assessed. Analysis indicated that White students were more decisive about careers than Asian and Black students in the first year. The implications of this finding for postsecondary education in South Africa are discussed.
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Socio-cultural barriers to Kenyan girls' education: the case of secondary schools in the western province - Webster, Katherine L. (1999)
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Improving Sahelian food security through facilitating action learning : a case study among the Fulbe Jelgobe of Northern Burkina Faso - Weekley, Paul (1999)
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Developments in information technology (IT) training for librarians and other information managers in Kenya - Were, Jacinta (1999)
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Television as a medium for psycho-education in South Africa: analysis of calls to a Mental Health Informtion Centre after screening of a TV series on psychiatric disorders - Wessels, C; Kradenberg, Jeanine van; Mbanga, Irene; Emsley, Robin; Stein, Dan J. (The Central African journal of medicine, 1999)
As one of the most powerful media, television may have an important role to play in providing psycho-education in both developed and developing countries. The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) recently screened a TV series that focused on the signs and symptoms of the main psychiatric disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe calls to our Mental Health Information Centre after screening of the series.The TV series "Improve Your Frames of Mind" was developed by an independent producer in collaboration with the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa, and was screened by the SABC. At the end of each show, the telephone number of our Mental Health Information Centre was given to viewers. All calls to our centre were entered into a database and later analysed.A mental Health Information Centre in South Africa.Callers to the Mental Health Information Centre.Almost 3,000 calls were taken by three psychiatric nurses working at the Mental Health Information Centre. Calls related to each of the major psychiatric disorders, particularly the mood and anxiety disorders. Callers expressed satisfaction with the information that they received from the Centre.A TV series on psychiatric disorders appeared successful in encouraging viewers to seek additional information. Indeed, additional telephone lines would have allowed even more calls to be fielded. Further research is necessary to determine whether it would be useful for TV to portray specific treatment interventions.
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ISSUES FOR MUSIC AND EDUCATION IN WEST AFRICA - Wiggins, Trevor (1999)
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Factors Related to the Interest of Rural African-American High School Students in Teaching. - Wigle, Stanley E.; Kostelnik, Joyce L. (The rural educator, 1999)
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Learning African Dance - Willis, Melinda (1999)
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Cultural discontinuities between West African adult learners and print-based distance instructional materials. - Wilson, Michael Stanley. (1999)
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Education for librarianship and information science in Africa - Wise, Michael O. (1999)
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Iron Hill School: An African-American One-Room School. Teaching with Historic Places. - Wojcik, Susan Brizzolara (1999)
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Philosophy of education and some contemporary issues and problems in Nigerian education - Wokocha, A. M.; Okujagu, T. N. (1999)
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Education and Training for Subject Specialization in Academic and Research Libraries in Africa: A Theoretical Critical Reappraisal - Womboh, Benki S. H. (Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 1999)
The author strongly believes that for any country in Africa to make decisions on the education and training of librarians without minding its national goals is intellectual irresponsibility. It is necessary for educational policy makers in Africa not only to consider carefully the proper aims of education in the context of the particular environment, but also continually to review critically those aims to ensure that they equal the changing values. Education and training for subject specialization in academic research libraries (ARL) in Africa is necessary, but it is not the highly prized type obtainable in the developed countries of the world. The author considered the provision for local adjustment of the international standards of education and training of librarians made by the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) and deemed it the best option for Africa. The African philosophy of librarianship, especially concerning the education and training for subject specialization in ARL, is presented. The author concludes that the undergraduate degree type of education and training of librarians with sufficient subject background, which will not only enable the graduates to achieve the national objectives of their countries but will also gradually pilot them to the ideal international standard, is the most acceptable and relevant one for Africa. A number of suggestions are made to improve the education and training of librarians in Africa.
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Successful African American Students: The Role of Parental Involvement - Yan, Wang (Journal of Negro Education, 1999)
Research on parental involvement suggests that families play a key role in students' school success. Using social capital theory as a conceptual framework, this study sought to identify unique characteristics of social capital held by successful African American students compared to those of successful White and nonsuccessful Black peers. It examined social capital along four dimensions: (a) parent-teen interactions, (b) parent-school interactions, (c) parent-parent interactions, and (d) family norms. Despite their comparatively more disadvantaged home environments, successful African American students demonstrated higher levels of social capital on 6 of the 11 indicators examined. The implications of these findings for parents, educators, and educational policymakers are discussed. INTRODUCTION Changes in technology are increasing the necessity for participants in the U.S. labor market to possess a postsecondary degree. Although the high school completion rate for African American students has increased over the past several decades, attaining postsecondary educational opportunities and achieving lofty academic goals represents a critical challenge for many African American students (Solorzano, 1992). In the search for strategies that foster academic success among African American students, attention has been focused on increasing parental involvement in these students' schooling. However, parental involvement has multiple meanings (Cassanova, 1996), and it has been operationalized in studies in a variety of ways. Nonetheless, parental involvement is widely recognized as an important contributor to the academic success of African American students (Coleman,1991; Comer & Haynes,1991; Cooper & Datnow, in press; Epstein,1995; Lareau,1989). The majority of the studies that have investigated the issue of parental involvement are primarily based on samplings of White students. However, the evidence of positive parental involvement on children's school performance based on that demonstrated with White students may not hold true for students of other racial/ethnic groups (Steinberg, Dombush, & Brown,1992). Likewise, studies examining the effect of parental involvement on African American students often focus on the factors that place these students at risk and ignore the ways in which African American families promote successful school achievement and experiences. More recently, the focus of studies of African American students has shifted to include other factors that contribute to these students' success. Clark (1983) studied high-achieving African American students from low-income home environments. Through intensive interviews and observations, Clark discovered that the parents of such students engaged in distinctive parent-child interactions. That is, they typically created emotionally supportive home environments, engaged in frequent and meaningful dialogue with their children, helped them with homework, and communicated clear and consistent behavioral limits to them. Other studies have supported these findings. Sanders (1997), for example, interviewed high-achieving African American students from urban areas and reported that Black parents' efforts to promote their children's positive racial/ethnic socialization helped promote the latter's academic success as a response to racism and discrimination. Datnow and Cooper (1996) studied the role of peer networks in affirming academic success and racial identity among African American students attending predominantly White independent schools. Using national representative data, Lee, Winfield, and Wilson (1991) examined both family and school factors as they contribute to the academic behaviors of high-achieving African American students. A notable limitation of the research mentioned above, with the exception of the study by Lee et al. (1991), is that they represent small-scale qualitative studies. In order to address the limitations of previous studies of parental involvement and African American students' educational attainment, the present study utilizes national sample data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88). …
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Fluorine and chlorine distribution in the volcanic rocks from the Gedemsa volcano, Ethiopian Rift Valley - Yirgu, G.; Dereje, A.; Peccerillo, Angelo; Donati, Carmelita; Donato, Paola (1999)
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Kenya Jua Kali voucher program for training: Kenya Micro and Small Enterprise Training and Technology Project financed by the World Bank - Yoon, Yang-Ro (1999)
The paper presents the Kenya Jua Kali (micro and small entrepreneurs) voucher program which aimed to empower micro and small entrepreneurs with the capacity to buy training in the open market. The purpose was to ensure efficient delivery of training services by promoting competition between private and public training providers. The voucher program is a key component of the Kenya Micro and Small Enterprise Training and Technology Project [MSETTP] financed by the World Bank.
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An examination of the tradition of qur'anic learning in the Ilorin Emirate of Nigeria - Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (The Islamic quarterly, 1999)
L'Emirat d'Ilorin regroupe quatre zones gouvernementales locales de l'etat de Kwara au Nigeria. Plus de 90 % de sa population pratique la religion musulmane. Depuis l'emergence et la consolidation de l'islam en Ilorin et ses environs, l'apprentissage du Coran est devenu obligatoire. Un enfant est envoye a l'ecole coranique a l'âge de 3, 4 ou 5 ans pour une periode de 4 ans au minimum a 10 ans au maximum. Les enseignants n'acceptent pas de frais de scolarite car seul Allah peut etre recompense mais les eleves paient une somme indeterminee qui varie selon l'ecole. Des fetes sont organisees qui marquent les etapes de l'apprentissage coranique. Les vacances ont lieu durant le mois de Ramadan, pendant la periode d'I'du'l kabir et lorsque l'enseignant les fixent. La tradition d'apprentissage du Coran dans l'Emirat est restee intacte. Des organisations et des individus musulmans contribuent a la consolidation de la tradition. Beaucoup reste a faire surtout dans le domaine de la memorisation du Coran.
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Selecting South African Higher Education Students: Critical Issues and Proposed Solutions. - Zaaiman, Hermien; Flier, H. van der; Thijs, Gerard D. (1999)
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Test of homogeneity, frequency analysis of rainfall data and estimate of drought probabilities in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia - Zeleke, Ketema; Raes, Dirk (Journal of Natural Resources, 1999)
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Who Shall Teach African American Literature? - Zhang, Weihua (Publications of the Modern Language Association, 1999)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
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Reforming the training system in South Africa: constraints and innovations - Ziderman, Adrian (1999)
The breakdown of the apartheid system and the dramatic political changes that have occurred in South Africa have led to policy reform in many areas. The reform of the vocational education and training system is an important part of the broad process of social and institutional change. After a five year research process into reforming South Africa's national system of vocational training, the Skills Development Act 1998 was introduced, as well as the Skills Development Levies Act 1999. The Skills Development Act is comprehensive in its coverage of in-service and pre-service training, broadening apprenticeships and dual training systems, linking training with work experience. The implementation of a National Qualification Framework (NQF) and expansion of the role of Industrial Training Boards (ITBs) through the development of Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETA) organisations is discussed. The design of a new financing mechanism has proven the most contentious policy change, with opposition within the business community to a national training levy and the failure to agree on a national coordinating mechanism. The author concludes that while South Africa should be applauded for its comprehensive and participatory approach to training reform, the screening out of employers and labour representatives from the system of governance is a risk-prone strategy, which could result in long-term problems. This paper outlines the main elements of the new policies, in context with current economic and labour market developments. Particular emphasis is placed on the reform process itself, as some aspects of the reform process are likely to provide key lessons for other countries in the region.
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Supporting the learning of Namibian students with special needs - Zimba, F.R. (1999)
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Namibian students' conceptions of discipline - Zimba, Roderick F.; Auala, Rahabeam K.; Scott, Aletta (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1999)
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Namibian secondary school students' understanding of discipline problems - Zimba, Roderick F.; Auala, RK; Scott, Adèle (1999)
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University students' perceptions of careers guidance in African schools. - Zondi, Zithulele. (1999)
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Indoctrination or Scholarship? Education of Africans at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the Soviet Union, 1923‐1937 - Филатова, Ирина (Paedagogica Historica, 1999)
For two decades, during the 1920s and 1930s, hundreds of communists and representatives of national‐liberation movements from all over the world came to Moscow to study at “Communist Universities"‐ educational institutions which were created, funded and controlled by the Communist International, an international communist organisation which united and directed the activities of the overwhelming majority of communist parties throughout the world from 1919 until 1943. Graduates returned to their countries equipped with theoretical and practical knowledge of revolutionary struggle. The Comintern's universities must have had an enormous influence on the history of the 20th century but until recently virtually nothing was known about them. They operated under conditions of such strict secrecy that even decades later most of their graduates refused to speak about them. It was not known who studied at these universities, and when, and what was taught there. It took the collapse of the Soviet Union and the opening of the Comintern archives to begin to understand the activities of educational affiliates of this organisation. This article deals with one such institution, the Communist University of the Toilers of the East, and with one category of its students, namely students from African countries. The picture that emerges from the article gives the reader a clearer understanding of how Comintern universities operated and what the significance of their activities was.
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON AUDITORY IMPAIRMENT CAUSED BY KANAMYCIN IN GUINEA PIGS - 刘元亮; 方剑桥; 孙德利; 金小明; 吴引青; 王月芳; 宋如垓 (中医杂志：英文版, 1999)
Frequency following response(FFR)and auditory brain stem evoked potential response(ABR)were used to determine the auditory acuity in evaluating the effect of electro-acupuncture treatment of kanamycin-induced auditory impairment in guinea pigs.Thesuccinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activity and morphological changes of the inner earreceptors were examined under the light and scanning electron microscope in cochlearspread preparations.The results showed that 1)electro-acupuncture was effective but nosignificant differences were found among the stimulating wave forms;2)Tinggong(SI19),Yifeng(SJ 17),Shenshu(UB 23),Sanyinjiao(Sp 6),Zhubin(K 9)and Waiguan(SJ 5)are all effective acupoints,especially the combination of Tinggong(SI 19),Sanyinjiao(Sp6)and Zhubin(K 9)acupoints;3)improvement in the cochlear function and excitabilityof the cortical and lower auditory center and increase of the mitochondrial SDH activityand energy supply in hair cells might contribute to the mechanism of the treatment.
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Society education and teachers in Kenya A study in sociology of education - Arapbor, Kiprono E (1998)
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12. Eritrea: Developing a Programme of Multilingual Education - Dutcher, Nadine (1998)
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The Teaching of African History in Barbadian Schools - Goodridge, Richard A. (1998)
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Training and Certifying "Unqualified" Teachers in Namibia - Meyer, John (1998)
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Factors Contributing to the Success Of African American Women In Higher Education - Robinson, Kimberly R. (McNair Scholars Journal, 1998)
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A STUDY OF THE PRESERVICE TRAINING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN KENYA - Mse, Godfrey Shedd (1998)
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The Noyes Academy, 1834-35: The Road to the Oberlin Collegiate Institute and the Higher Education of African-Americans in the Nineteenth Century - Irvine, Russell W.; Dunkerton, Donna Zani (Western journal of black studies, 1998)
Abstract Oberlin College is generally thought of as the first institution of higher learning in the nineteenth century to which black youth could gain admission without incumbency. For this reason, Oberlin has long held an esteemed place in black educational history. There, in 1835, by a one-vote margin, members of Oberlin's Board of Trustees committed their institution open to students of color. While blacks were, in infinitesimally small number, admitted to other white colleges before 1835, no college before Oberlin adopted as policy the admission of blacks on an equal basis with whites. However, besides tangential references to student abolitionism at the Theological Seminary influencing subsequent abolitionism at Oberlin College, educational historians have failed to fully explore the taproots of the modern abolition movement that began around 1830. Particularly absent is any complete understanding of this movement's nexus with the American higher education movement. There is virtually no knowledge of the intense and dramatic period that ignited student activism, not only on the Theological Seminary campus, but on college campuses throughout America. The transfer from the Seminary of students, the so-called Lane Rebels, to Oberlin College in late 1834, indeed sharpened the antislavery focus on Oberlin's campus. But how and why did these students, the seminarians, develop an interest in abolitionism? There remains, additionally, a lack of clarity as to why the main thrust of antislavery activity was intimately tied to the quest for the higher education of free blacks. It was, no doubt, the emotional surfeit associated with the opening of Oberlin College to black students that has so completely overshadowed the history of the events that preceded it. The Oberlin vote was a pivotal victory for the cause of abolitionism. Efforts by black and white abolitionists to gain any level of higher educational opportunity for black youth was a formidable undertaking. This was by conscious design. This article focuses on the period 1830-35, and on events that set the stage for the emergence of an Oberlin College. This paper will be devoted partly to a discussion of a series of restrictions forced upon free blacks, which compelled them into nationwide collective action. However, this paper's primary focus is a chronicling of the events that transpired in the New England hamlet of Canaan, New Hampshire. A brief sketch of the black men and women who attended the Noyes Academy in Canaan is provided in the conclusion. Canaan was the site where black and white abolitionists tried to construct the first rung of a higher education ladder, leading to blacks' collegiate and professional school study in America. The Noyes Academy was conceived as the foundation on which the ladder rested. What made higher education in America imperative for free blacks? That question is asked and best answered when viewed within the context of the oppressive race politics and the tumult that came to a head between the years 1830-1835. Background In Carter G. Woodson's view (1919), the years 1830 to 1835 were the greatest single period of racial oppression free blacks endured in the first half of the nineteenth century. The free black population expanded from 59,557 in 1790 to over 300,000 by 1830. This anomalous population's dramatic increase did not go unnoticed. Expansion of the free black population was accompanied by a rise in black militancy, thus making their presence in America all the more problematic. This militancy threatened the security and viability of slavery. In 1830, whites were still recoiling from the 1822 Denmark Vesey Plot in Charleston, South Carolina. Their fear was intensified by the 1829 fiery Appeal of David Walker, calling for slaves to rise against their masters. In 1831, on the heels of Walker's incendiary came the Nat Turner insurrection in Southampton, Virginia in 1831. …
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[Cardiovascular risk factors in ethiopian medical students]. - Rahlenbeck, Sibylle I.; Gebre-Yohannes, A. (PubMed, 1998)
Selected cardiovascular risk factors, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, presence of overweight, blood pressure and lifestyle patterns were assessed in 66 male medical students from Ethiopia aged between 18 and 26 years. Mean serum cholesterol concentration was 134.4 mg/dl with a standard deviation (SD) of 39.2 mg/dl; mean triglyceride concentration was 93.8 mg/dl (SD 43.6 mg/dl) and mean HDL-cholesterol in a subsample (n = 26) was 41.4 mg/dl (SD 14.2 mg/dl). Eight students (12.1%) were classified as having a sedentary life-style, 1 student was hypertensive, 5 (7.6%) had a body mass index above 28 kg m-2, 6 (9.1%) had serum cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl and 5 (7.6%) triglyceride levels above 180 mg/dl. There was a trend for some risk factors to increase with the socio-economic status. In multiple regression analysis, body mass index was the only independent factor associated with systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while body mass index itself was significantly related to parental income.
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Financing higher education in francophone West Africa - Ransom, Angela (1998)
Since gaining independence, African governments have spent a substantial portion of their national budgets to develop the education sector. Investments of this magnitude were justified at the time as a means to produce rapidly the skilled manpower required for economic and social development. African education officials reiterated the important role of the university in Africa as an expression of national pride and sovereignty. Higher education in Africa as it is currently financed does not provide incentives to invest resources in fields that promote development, nor to invest in the amounts of education that most benefit society. Most countries in the region spend more money than they can afford on student subsidies and academic and administrative staff salaries and benefits, and not enough on laboratory equipment, books and journals for libraries, or research and technical training for development. The quality of the education provided has suffered as a result. The meetings explored ways of reducing costs and increasing quality and efficiency. Even though the meetings did not seek a consensus on any specific policy recommendation, common viewpoints emerged on the following: (1) the unlikelihood of additional public resources becoming available to expand or improve higher education in the region; (2) the possibility of generating additional resources to expand or improve higher education by using existing resources more efficiently; (3) the substantial public sacrifice required to implement adjustment strategies; (4) the need to increase the private costs of higher education, student subsidies and non-academic expenditures were cited as areas where public expenditure could be reduced despite the political difficulties; (5) the need to rationalize curricula and course offerings and to promote regional collaboration through supra-national institutions; and finally (6) the need for higher education to receive the continued financial and technical support of development assistance agencies. Education officials have recognized the gravity of the situation of higher education finance. Several have already attempted some technical solutions with varying degrees of success and failure. Notwithstanding, most were uncomfortable with proposals to shift cost savings from higher education to secondary or primary education. It was thought that such savings from politically risky changes to make higher education more efficient might best be reinvested in the sector to improve the quality of African universities.
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The Real Ebonics debate: power, language, and the education of African-American children (Choice Reviews Online, 1998)
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Development of procedural understanding among South African science students at pre-tertiary education level - Almekinders, René; Thijs, Gerard D.; Fred, L Stricklin (Journal of Biological Education, 1998)
This paper reports some of the results of a study into the development of procedural understanding for preuniversity students in South Africa. A number of students (n=237) in a science foundation year were given a preand post-test on their views of the quality of empirical data. This paper presents the analysis of one representative question about the use of control groups in biological experiments. Between, the pre- and post-test students had done practical work involving the use of control groups. Results show that students’ procedural understanding improves especially with respect to recognition that the control group is part of the experiment. However, students approach the data from the control group in a variety of ways. This leads us to the conclusion that teaching should aim to ensure that students not only learn to recognize the purpose of an experiment, but should also be explicitly taught what a control group is, and how the results for the control group should be evaluated; thereby learning to see an experiment and the evaluation of the results as one entity.
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Evidence of climate change based on rainfall records in Nigeria - Bello, N. J. (Weather, 1998)
WeatherVolume 53, Issue 12 p. 412-418 Evidence of climate change based on rainfall records in Nigeria Dr N. J. Bello, Corresponding Author Dr N. J. Bello University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaDepartment of Agrometeorology and Water Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author Dr N. J. Bello, Corresponding Author Dr N. J. Bello University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaDepartment of Agrometeorology and Water Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 April 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1998.tb06358.xCitations: 11AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume53, Issue12December 1998Pages 412-418 RelatedInformation
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Freshman-year experiences for African-American students in engineering - Chapple, Bernadette (1998)
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Early Science Experiences of Northern Sotho-Speaking South African Pupils and Their Attitude towards Science - Cherian, Lily; Cherian, Varghese I. (Psychological Reports, 1998)
A questionnaire was administered to 793 randomly chosen Standard ten Northern Sotho-speaking pupils whose ages ranged from 17 to 24 years. Pearson product-moment correlation of .7 suggested the association of early science experience with scores on attitudes towards science.
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Relation of Self-Concept with Scholastic Achievement of High School Pupils in South Africa - Cherian, Varghese I.; Moeketsi, Justice Aaron (Psychological Reports, 1998)
In assessing the relationship between rated self-concept and scholastic achievement of 227 Grade 12 students (ages ranging from 15 to 35 years) in the Northern Province of South Africa, questionnaire scores had a Cronbach a of .81. Ratings correlated .22 with matriculation examination grades.
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The relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and school performance and attendance in Bamako, Mali - Clercq, Dirk De; Sacko, Moussa; Behnke, Jerzy M.; Gilbert, Francis; Vercruysse, Jozef (Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1998)
Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium was the most common helminth infection in school-age children from a poor area in Bamako, Mali. Almost half (47%) of the boys and 40% of the girls were infected, 18% of the children being heavily infected. There was a significant decline in academic performance and in school attendance with increasing intensity of infection. When all sources of variation were taken into consideration, absenteeism was the main factor explaining the variation in academic performance, although a significant effect of infection remained. School-based delivery of chemotherapeutic interventions is currently promoted by several international organizations. However, rates of school attendance are low in some areas and it is the absentees who appear to be at relatively high risk of ill health. Novel ways of reaching this elusive subset of the population are required.
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The relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and school performance and attendance in Bamako, Mali - Clercq, Dirk De; Sacko, Moussa; Behnke, Jerzy M.; Gilbert, Francis; Vercruysse, Jozef (Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1998)
Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma haematobium was the most common helminth infection in school-age children from a poor area in Bamako, Mali. Almost half (47%) of the boys and 40% of the girls were infected, 18% of the children being heavily infected. There was a significant decline in academic performance and in school attendance with increasing intensity of infection. When all sources of variation were taken into consideration, absenteeism was the main factor explaining the variation in academic performance, although a significant effect of infection remained. School-based delivery of chemotherapeutic interventions is currently promoted by several international organizations. However, rates of school attendance are low in some areas and it is the absentees who appear to be at relatively high risk of ill health. Novel ways of reaching this elusive subset of the population are required.
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Anaemia and intestinal parasitic infections among school age children in Behera Governorate, Egypt - Curtale, Filippo; Nabil, Muhammad Furqan; A, el Wakeel; My, Shamy (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1998)
Anaemia is considered a serious public health problem in Egypt, although updated population-based data are lacking. Similarly, data on prevalence and intensity of infection with intestinal parasites, which are considered one possible cause of anaemia, are available only from small, unrepresentative sample surveys. The present research was implemented on an entire Governorate representative sample. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal parasites in the area and to evaluate the role of each parasite in the epidemiology of anaemia among school age children. At the end of the survey, results of faecal analyses from direct smear and the Kato-Katz examination techniques were available from 1844 and 1783 children respectively, as well as haemoglobin levels measured by spectrophotometer from 1238 children aged 6–12 years. The prevalence of anaemia in the area was high (90 per cent), but very few serve forms were detected (>2 per cent). Prevalence of intestinal parasites was high only for protozoa (Giardia intestinalis 24.7 percent Entamoeba histolytica 17.5 percent) and Schistosoma mansoni (20.7 per cent). From analysis of the results, Fasciola infection appeared to be highly endemic, even among children (3 per cent), and emerged as the factor most strongly correlated with low levels of haemoglobin (p>0.0001). The effect of Fasciola on haemoglobin levels was related to the intensity of infection with this parasite. The role of S. mansoni as a risk factor for anaemia was supported by the present study. Among the protozoa, G. intestinalis was significantly correlated with low haemoglobin levels (p>0.05). The present results substantiated similar findings from smaller studies. In future research, the relationship between Fasciola infection and anaemia needs to be studied with a well-controlled longitudinal design.
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Exporting accounting education to East Africa - squaring the circle - Devlin, Patrick J.; Godfrey, Alan D. (Accounting Education, 1998)
A number of issues associated with exporting accounting education to East Africa are explored. There are four main themes, all of which relate to proper identification of needs. It is argued that the East African context is all-important and that programmes must be designed in the light of that context. However, programmes will be successful only if three other factors are in place. It is essential that those delivering a programme learn from their experiences since the nature of the needs are such that issues will arise which could not have been foreseen. It is necessary-whatever the original intention-for programmes to be more than simply training programmes: there must be a distinct educational dimension to them. It is very important that those delivering a programme avoid imposing values on the participants in circumstances which are very different to those encountered in the 'developed' countries.
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Prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and atopic eczema in secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Falade, A G; Olawuyi, F; Osinusi, K; Onadeko, B.O. (PubMed, 1998)
This study was part of the effort of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee to evaluate the epidemiology of asthma and allergic diseases around the world. Three thousand and fifty eight randomly selected children aged 13-14 years were studied, using a standard questionnaire developed and field tested by the ISAAC Steering Committee, to establish the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema. Of the 3,058 children, there were 1,659 (54.3%) females and 1,399 (45.7%) males (F:M ratio 1.2:1). The cumulative prevalence rates of wheezing, rhinitis other than common cold, and symptoms of eczema were 16.4%, 54.1% and 26.1%, respectively while within the immediate 12-month period, the rates were 10.7%, 45.2% and 22.4%, respectively. However, rhinitis associated with itchy eyes (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) was reported by 39.2% of the school children. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma was 18.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a higher prevalence of wheezing and rhinitis was associated with itchy eyes. The prevalence of severe symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were higher when compared with a similar study in Kenya. However, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma was lower and that of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis higher in our series. There is a need for further studies to investigate the risk factors which might be responsible for the apparently different patterns in these two African countries.
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Suggested Notes and Syllabus for Teaching Politics and Development in Africa - Fred-Mensah, Ben K. (A Current Bibliography on African Affairs, 1998)
The primary objective of this study is to suggest reading materials and a teaching methodology for the study of politics and development in Africa. The aim of the article stems from the author's conviction that an understanding of the interplay of politics and economics in Africa is fundamental to the understanding of the regions' development predicaments. Teachers and students of international development, history, anthropology, politics, and economics with an interest in African studies will find this study an invaluable source of reference.
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Differentiation of natrocarbonatite magma at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania - Gittins, J.; Jago, Bruce C. (Mineralogical magazine (Print), 1998)
Abstract Natrocarbonatite magma, erupted as lava flows in the Tanzanian volcano Oldoinyo Lengai in June and November of 1988, has evolved chemically since its formation. The June and November flows of 1988 display increasing Cl, F, Ba, K, Mg and Mn, concomitantly with Na, Ca and P depletion. Furthermore, the June magma, at the time of eruption, had higher Cl, F, Ba and K contents and lower Ca than the November magma and evolved to higher levels of Cl, F, Ba and K content and lower Ca, Na and P. The mineralogy of the lavas reflects these trends. Crystallization of fluorite and halite–sylvite solid solution, usually as a symplectic intergrowth, occurs when Cl and F concentrations reach the critical value necessary to stabilize both minerals and explains why neither occurs as a phenocryst phase. Natrocarbonatite magma has undergone considerable and rapid magmatic evolution, probably in small and separate magma chambers. Two minerals, nyerereite and gregoryite, have dominated the crystallization history of natrocarbonatite magma, and many lavas are phenocryst-rich. However, because most of the lavas are composed principally of these two minerals, crystal accumulation has not greatly changed their composition and, consequently, we suggest that the bulk composition of the lavas closely approximates that of the parental magma.
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English With or Without G(u)ilt: A Position Paper on Language in Education Policy for South Africa - Granville, Stella; Janks, Hilary; Mphahlele, Maredi; Reed, Yvonne; Watson, P.; Joseph, Michael; Ramani, Esther (Language and Education, 1998)
This paper examines the implications of language in education policy in post apartheid South Africa, for both schools and universities. Particular attention is paid to the recommendations of the Language Task Action Group (LANGTAG), delegated by the Minister of Education in 1995, to establish South Africa's language-related needs and policies across different domains in the society. The LANGTAG document, Towards a National Language Plan for South Africa, proposed a national language policy designed to promote the development and status of the historically disadvantaged African languages; and to counter the hegemony of English. This paper supports the general policy but challenges LANGTAG's implementation strategies. It makes the following recommendations: (a) All students should have the right of access to the language of power (English at present). Planned and effective provision for its delivery must be made an explicit part of language policy; (b) Allstudents must learn at least one African language as subject throughout the years of compulsory schooling; (c) An African language as a language of learning and teaching should be a long term goal. These recommendations should lead to effective implementation of LANGTAG's multilingual policy.
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Sex Differences in Algebra by Senior Secondary School Students in Transkei, South Africa - Grewal, Ajmer Singh (Psychological Reports, 1998)
No sex difference in algebra achievement for a sample of 311 Standard 10 (Grade 12) students (140 boys and 171 girls) from 10 senior secondary schools in the Umtata district of Transkei, South Africa, was observed.
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Relationships Between Training/Experience, Knowledge of Computer Usage and Attitudes of Nigerian Librarians Towards Computers - Idowu, A. O. (International Information & Library Review, 1998)
This paper highlights certain vital variables that can affect attitudes of librarians. It discusses the relationships between knowledge, training/experience of librarians on the use of computers and their attitudes towards the computer. One hundred and eighty-seven librarians participated in the study. A chi-square analysis was used to test the relationships. The results indicated that there are significant relationships between these variables and attitudes towards the computer. This means that previous training experience and present usage (knowledge of computer usage) of computers at work influence a positive attitude towards the computer. It is suggested that library schools should ensure adequate training and re-training programmes and that libraries should be equipped with state-of-the-art computer facilities so as to encourage staff usage of such facilities.
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Relationships Between Training/Experience, Knowledge of Computer Usage and Attitudes of Nigerian Librarians Towards Computers - Idowu, A. O. (The International information & library review (Print), 1998)
This paper highlights certain vital variables that can affect attitudes of librarians. It discusses the relationships between knowledge, training/experience of librarians on the use of computers and their attitudes towards the computer. One hundred and eighty-seven librarians participated in the study. A chi-square analysis was used to test the relationships. The results indicated that there are significant relationships between these variables and attitudes towards the computer. This means that previous training experience and present usage (knowledge of computer usage) of computers at work influence a positive attitude towards the computer. It is suggested that library schools should ensure adequate training and re-training programmes and that libraries should be equipped with state-of-the-art computer facilities so as to encourage staff usage of such facilities.
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Relevance of the Training and Visit Extension Messages in the Multiple Cropping System in Wa District of The Upper West Region, Ghana - Insah, A.M. (1998)
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Nutritional risk factors for coronary heart disease in South African medical students - MacIntyre, Una Elizabeth; Glatthaar, I. I.; Elias, John J.; Walker, Alexander (Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1998)
The African population in South Africa is undergoing relatively rapid transition in lifestyle, with increasing proneness to western diseases. At the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA), the majority of the African students come from homes where mainly cereal‐based diets are eaten. They are now exposed to ‘western’ foods. To throw light on the subsequent changes, between 1989 and 1993, 383 third year students underwent a practical course on nutritional assessment, which included determinations of anthropometry, 3 days’ estimated dietary intake record, and serum lipid analysis. Results indicated that their dietary risk levels for western diseases were now approaching the high levels prevailing in white populations. While the likelihood of influencing African students to meaningfully conform to a ‘prudent’ diet and lifestyle is remote, every endeavour must be made to fully inform them of the benefits likely to follow.
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The Lesotho volcanic event of February 1983 - Maud, Ralph; Partridge, T. C.; Dunlevey, J.N. (South African Journal of Geology, 1998)
Evidence relating to a possible volcanic eruption in western Lesotho during 1983 is documented and evaluated. It is concluded that a small quantity of highly vesicular, basaltic lava was extruded from a narrow orifice associated with a fracture in basalt of the Drakensberg Group. The eruption was accompanied by a seismic event measuring 4.3 on the Richter scale. The new lava has a chemical composition very similar to that of the 183-Ma-old host rock, but is isotropic and glassy, with no crystalline phases. In contrast, the Drakensberg Group basalt is almost completely crystalline, although many of the primary minerals display chemical alteration, with the mesostasis being devitrified. Excavation of the vent shows it to be fed by a narrow pipe or conduit, the sides of which are thinly coated by glassy material in which flow structures record slumping back of a very small residual portion of the lava after the eruption. The morphology of the conduit, vesicular nature of the lava, the quantity produced (between 0.3 and 1 m 3 ), and the apparent rapidity with which it was extruded seem to preclude the event having been occasioned either by a lightning strike or an electrical discharge from the nearby power line.
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Records management training in sub‐Saharan Africa - Mazikana, P. C. (Records Management Journal, 1998)
This article gives an overview of records management education and training facilities in sub‐Saharan Africa and then focuses on a training methodology that is being used by a consulting firm based in Zimbabwe to transform organisational records management systems through the medium of training.
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National policies and institutional practices: the credibility gap in South African education and training reform [1] - McGrath, Simon (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 1998)
Abstract South Africa is going through one of the most thorough-going education and training reforms ever seen in Africa. This reform programme seeks to address the legacies of the past and build towards a policy for the new millennium based in concerns of both equity and development. However, this exercise has tended to place too little emphasis upon the realities within the institutions that will be expected to deliver on the change and lacks a coherent view of the possibilities for policy delivery within these institutions. This paper, therefore, seeks to explore the emergence of new practices at the level of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in South Africa and to relate them to international pressures and national policy reformulations.
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National policies and institutional practices: the credibility gap in south african education and training reform [1] - McGrath, Steve P. (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 1998)
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Black South African Students' Beliefs and Attitudes about Condoms - Nicholas, Lionel (Psychological Reports, 1998)
To investigate the beliefs and attitudes of black South African students regarding condoms structured questionnaires were completed anonymously by 1986 students. Most highly endorsed problems were the large number needed for many rounds of sex, partner's feelings of distrust, unpleasantness of purchasing condoms, and that condoms injure the vagina. Encouragement of use should be responsive to local practices.
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Oral hygiene status of mentally handicapped school children in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Oo, Denloye (PubMed, 1998)
This paper gives the state of oral hygiene in mentally handicapped school children aged 6-15 years in a Nigerian population. Oral hygiene was found to be poorer than in normal population. Institutional status, age and sex were found to be important determinants in oral hygiene status of this student group. Ways of improving the oral hygiene were highlighted.
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AIDS Awareness of Secondary School Pupils in the Northern Province of South Africa - Peltzer, Karl; Cherian, Lily; Cherian, Varghese I. (Psychological Reports, 1998)
This study investigated AIDS awareness in secondary school pupils (mainly Northern Sotho and Xitsonga) in the Northern Province of South Africa. The randomly chosen sample included 622 Standard 9 pupils (254 boys and 368 girls) in the age range of 17 to 24 years (M of 19.3), who were administered a questionnaire on awareness of AIDS and socioeconomic status. Over 72% of the questions about AIDS were correctly answered, which suggests a fair amount of accurate information about AIDS; however, 18% were of the opinion that "AIDS does not exist" and 19% that "there is a cure for AIDS." Analysis of variance indicated no relationships for sex, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status with correct answers.The number of reported AIDS cases is climbing in South Africa such that 25% of the country's adult population is projected to be infected with HIV by 2010. At least half of those infected with HIV are under 25 years old. Findings are presented from an assessment of the level of AIDS awareness among secondary school students in Northern Province, South Africa. The randomly chosen sample included 254 boys and 368 girls in Standard 9 aged 17-24 years, of mean age 19.3 years, who were administered a questionnaire on awareness of AIDS and socioeconomic status. The survey posed 10 demographic and socioeconomic status questions, as well as 39 questions on AIDS awareness, covering the presentation of disease, cause, folklore, prevention, protection, sex education, statistics, transmission routes, and treatments. More than 72% of the questions about AIDS were answered correctly. However, 18% of the students believe that AIDS does not exist and 19% that a cure exists for AIDS. The analysis of variance found no relationship of sex, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status with correct responses.
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Attitudes toward Suicide among South African Secondary School Pupils - Peltzer, Karl; Cherian, Varghese I.; Cherian, Lily (Psychological Reports, 1998)
This study investigated attitudes towards suicide among 622 Standard 9 (U.S. Grade 11) secondary school pupils chosen at random from schools throughout the Northern Province in South Africa. The pupils were 254 (41%) boys and 368 (59%) girls in the age range of 17 to 24 years, with a mean age of 19.3 yr. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on attitudes and other measures. There were 31 (17%) parasuicidal boys and 34 (13%) girls. Major intentions or reasons to commit suicide mentioned were “failing to solve problems” and “mental illness.” Most frequent possible suicide methods were firearms, pills, or poison. Significant associations were found with having a friend or relative who committed suicide, parasuicide (oneself), depression, stress events, ethnicity, and attitudes towards suicide.
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Brain Fag Symptoms in Rural South African Secondary School Pupils - Peltzer, Karl; Cherian, Varghese I.; Cherian, Lily (Psychological Reports, 1998)
The study investigated brain fag symptoms in rural South African Secondary School pupils. The sample included 622 Grade 11, Secondary School pupils in the age range of 17 to 24 years (M age 19.3 yr., SD = 2.6) chosen at random from schools throughout the Northern Province of South Africa. A Cultural Orientation Scale, a Student Stress Scale, a General Self-efficacy Scale and Self-reporting Questionnaire were administered to collect data on socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, stress events, self-efficacy, perceived stress, “neurotic” disorder, and brain fag symptoms. Analysis indicated that 25% of the pupils suffered from the brain fag symptoms. There were positive significant relations for collectivism, socioeconomic status, female birth order, depression score on the Self-reporting Questionnaire, total score but not the anxiety score of the questionnaire with brain fag symptoms. This suggests the brain fag syndrome is basically a depressive disorder and to some extent an anxiety and depressive disorder. The findings are discussed in relation to the nature of brain fag symptoms, precipitating factors, and socioeconomic status.
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Measuring Life Events in a Sample of South African Students: Comparison of the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences - Pretorius, Tyrone B. (Psychological Reports, 1998)
This study compared the Life Experiences Survey and the Schedule of Recent Experiences for a sample of 213 students. Scores on the Life Experiences Survey–Negative discriminated between rural and urban students and between African language speakers and Afrikaans/English speakers. A small but significant correlation between Life Experiences Survey–Negative and scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale was found, while there was no correlation between scores on the Schedule of Recent Experiences with depression. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative was the only significant predictor of Depression scores. The Life Experiences Survey–Negative interacted significantly with all the measures of social support (Friends, Family, Satisfaction, and Number of Supports) in predicting depression, while the Schedule of Recent Experiences only interacted significantly with support from Family and Number of Supports. The study also provides support for clearly distinguishing between desirable and undesirable events, since positive events moderated the correlation of negative events with depression. The Life Experiences Survey is a more promising measure of life events than the Schedule of Recent Experiences in the South African context.
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EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT TIMING ON MATHEMATICS PROBLEM COMPLETION RATES IN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN THIRD‐GRADE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS - Rhymer, Katrina N; Skinner, Christopher H.; Henington, Carlen; D'Reaux, Robyn A.; Sims, San Pier (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998)
A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effects of Van Houten and Thompson's (1976) explicit timing procedure on problem completion rates and accuracy levels in African‐American third‐grade students. During the explicit timing phase, students were told that they were being timed and were instructed to circle the last problem completed at each 1‐min interval. Results showed that the explicit timing procedure increased problem completion rates. A decreasing trend in percentage of problems correct also occurred. Exploratory data analysis suggested that decreases in accuracy were not caused by the explicit timing procedure and did not occur in students who had attained high levels of preintervention accuracy. Discussion focuses on recommendations for educators who wish to use timing procedures to increase students' rates of accurate responding.
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Education and training of water practitioners in South Africa: needs and programmes - Schutte, C. F. (Water Science and Technology, 1998)
South Africa is facing severe water supply and water quality problems as a result of its limited water resources and other complicating factors. Adequately educated and trained water practitioners are needed to address these problems to ensure economic prosperity and a reasonable standard of living for all South Africans. Training and education needs are analysed in this paper and available programmes and initiatives to deliver the water practitioners needed are discussed. The main areas where training and education is needed include education at community level to educate local water committee members and community support personnel; training of technical staff to operate and maintain water treatment and supply schemes; and education of high-level scientists and engineers to develop new technologies, to improve performance, design and management of processes, plant and projects.
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A prevalence survey of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant and lactating women, adult males and pre-school children in Zimbabwe. - Sikosana, P.L.N.; Bhebhe, S.; Katuli, Sozina (PubMed, 1998)
To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in selected population groups in Zimbabwe.The study was a cross sectional, household prevalence survey. A structured questionnaire was used to interview study participants to elicit information on risk factors associated with iron status and IDA. Blood samples were collected for quantitative measurement of ferritin in serum and haemoglobin estimation as part of a full blood count.The study was conducted in four administrative provinces of the country, Mashonaland Central, Midlands, Matebeleland South and Matebeleland North covering three of the five agro-ecological regions of the country. Thirty clusters were randomly selected from 28 enumeration districts.The multistage sampling technique was applied. The total sample consisted of 3,151 study participants made up of 746 pregnant women, 800 lactating women, 811 adult males and 799 pre-school children. Up to 202 results could not be used in the analysis.R Stoltzfus, emphasizes that haemoglobin concentration is the key indicator for IDA surveillance. Serum ferritin levels measured against 10 ng/dl for females and 15 ng/dl for males as standards below which there is IDA. Serum ferritin levels of over 300 ng/dl above which there is iron overload. Haemoglobin levels were based on the World Health Organisation standards of 11 g/dl below which pregnant women and preschool children were considered to have IDA, 13 g/dl for adult males and 12 g/dl for lactating women. The proportion of individual households with protected water supplies, sanitation and levels of education as they influence the prevalence of IDA. Dietary habits with regards their influence on iron availability.The overall prevalence of IDA was 24.1% of the total study sample. Of the preschool children surveyed 17.7% had IDA, 33.0% of pregnant women, 29.6% of lactating women and 16.5% of adult males had IDA. Of the population 9.1% surveyed had evidence of iron depletion on the basis of serum ferritin levels. More of the pregnant women had iron depletion, 14.8%, compared to adult males with 2.2%. Individuals in regions IV and V were much more affected by iron depletion and IDA than their counterparts in regions II and III in this study.Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a problem of public health significance in Zimbabwe and is associated with areas of food insecurity. From a policy perspective the prevention and control of IDA should be a priority on national nutrition and health agenda.
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Educational Goals of Educators and Teachers in South Africa - Skuy, Mervyn; Fridjhon, Peter; O’Carroll, Shelley (Psychological Reports, 1998)
This study investigated South African teachers' ( n = 360) and educators' ( n = 72) perceptions of the goals of education. Consistent ranks, obtained for all groups, suggest that teachers and educators theoretically favour an educational system that is outcome-based and cognitively oriented, despite the previous emphasis on content and rote learning.
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Evaluation of an AIDS training program for traditional healers in the Central African Republic. - Somsé, Pierre; Chapko, Michael K.; Wata, Jean B.; Bondha, Pascal; Gonda, Benoit; Johnson, Diana; Downer, Ann; Kimball, Ann Marie (PubMed, 1998)
Training designed to improve AIDS knowledge, attitude, and practice was delivered to 96 traditional healers in the Central African Republic. The training (17 to 36 hours) was conducted by traditional healers with the assistance of staff from the Ministry of Health. Training included the following topics: prevention of HIV transmission during traditional practice; diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases; condom promotion; AIDS education at the community level; psychosocial support for people with AIDS; and promotion of a positive image for traditional healers. The evaluation of the training consisted of a prospective assessment of knowledge and attitude immediately prior to and after training. These assessments were conducted using structured interviews. Improvement in knowledge and/or attitudes was observed in all areas assessed except for prevention of HIV transmission during traditional practice. We concluded that AIDS training can be successfully delivered to traditional healers.
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Staying True to the Laughter in Nigerian Classrooms - Verran, Helen (The Sociological Review, 1998)
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Thick lava flows of Karisimbi Volcano, Rwanda: insights from SIR-C interferometric topography - MacKay, Mary E.; Rowland, Scott K.; Mouginis-Mark, P. J.; Garbeil, H. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1998)
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Health worker performance after training in integrated management of childhood illness--Western Province, Kenya, 1996-1997. (PubMed, 1998)
Each year, approximately 12 million children die in developing countries before age 5 years; 70% of these deaths are caused by respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition, alone or in combination. In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) developed the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, which call for non-physician health workers (HWs) to evaluate every sick child presenting to a first-level health facility (HF) for each of these conditions, regardless of the child's presenting complaint(s). Even though IMCI is being incorporated into the national health-care programs of many developing countries, little is known about HW performance after IMCI training. To measure the level of performance achieved and maintained by IMCI-trained HWs, during 1996-1997 CDC, the Kenya-Finland Primary Health Care Program, and the Ministry of Health of Kenya prospectively evaluated the level of performance achieved by IMCI-trained HWs at the end of training (EOT) and the level of performance maintained during the first 3 months post-training (1-3MPT) with monthly or bimonthly clinical supervision. This report summarizes the results of this evaluation, which indicate that HWs achieved reasonably high performance levels managing ill children with mild and moderate disease classifications but performed at a much lower level when managing severely ill children at EOT.
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Erosional Effects on Soil Properties and Maize Yield on a Volcanic Ash Soil in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania - Våje, Per Ivar; Singh, Bal Ram; Lal, Rattan (Journal of sustainable agriculture, 1998)
ABSTRACT Field plots were established to assess soil erosion impact on soil properties of a Mollic Andosol of 9 to 17% slope at Lyamungu Research Institute, Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Soil erosional phases were established on the basis of the thickness of the Ah horizon as follows: < 15 cm (severely eroded), 16–25 cm (moderately eroded), and 26–35 cm (slightly eroded). Maize (Zea mays var. Kilima) was planted over two cropping seasons of 1995 and 1996. Porosity was significantly higher (52.7%) in the topsoil than at 35 cm depth (49.2%). There were only few significant effects of past erosion on properties of this soil of volcanic origin. The severely eroded soil had significantly higher penetration resistance (1.0 MPa) than the slightly eroded soil (0.7 MPa). In the top 35 cm layer, the Bray P concentration declined with increasing severity of erosion from 6.1 to 4.7 mg kg−1 Most soil chemical parameters showed only minor decrease with increased severity of erosion, but decline in soil physical quality, may lead to poorer conditions for plant growth and increased susceptibility to erosion. However, no significant erosional effects were found on maize yield and N-uptake by plants. Average total dry matter (DM) production over three erosional phases was 13.1 Mg ha−1 for 1995 and 7.7 Mg ha−1 for 1996, and grain yield was 5.9 Mg ha−1 for 1995 and 3.5 Mg ha−1 for 1996. Average N-uptake by plants, mean of 3 erosional phases, was 168 kg N ha−1 in 1995 and 81 kg N ha−1 in 1996.
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Rupture of the uterus at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Er, Ola; Olamijulo, Joseph Ayodeji (PubMed, 1998)
Rupture of the gravid uterus remains one of the most disastrous complications of labour. Eighty cases of uterine rupture managed at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos over an eight year period were therefore reviewed to evaluate the characteristic of ruptured uterus in Lagos. The incidence of ruptured uterus was 5.01 per 1000 deliveries and unbooked patients accounted for 80%. Spontaneous rupture occurred in 73.8% while traumatic rupture was responsible for 26.3%. Diagnosis was not made in 25% of the cases until surgery. Poor antenatal care, foeto-pelvic disproportion, previous Caesarean section scar, grand-multiparity were major aetiological factors. Repair of the rupture with or without sterilization was carried out in 70% of the cases. Booking status and the type of surgical procedure did not significantly affect the maternal outcome. Ruptured uterus was responsible for 16.9% of the total maternal deaths in the period of review. The commonest cause of death in this series was hypovolaemic shock (64.3%). The overall perinatal mortality was 86.3% but the registered patients fared better. It was concluded that the incidence of ruptured uterus is still very high and probably on the increase in Lagos. Suggestions are made to improve the situation since the identified aetiological factors are largely preventable.
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Autopsy audit in a teaching hospital in Nigeria--the Benin experience. - It, Diegbe; Pe, Idaewor; Uo, Igbokwe (PubMed, 1998)
A one year prospective study was carried out to compare clinical diagnosis antemortem with autopsy diagnosis post-mortem in all patients coming to autopsy. In the study period a total of 612 deaths occurred in the hospital out of which 179 came to autopsy representing an autopsy ratio of 29%. Of the 179 cases, 100 (56%) were cases referred to the coroner. A total of 143 cases were analyzed and the concordance rate between clinical and autopsy diagnosis was found to be 54%. We find the autopsy ratio abysmally low and recommend that all effort be made to increase it to 75% and that autopsy audit be officially adopted as a means of quality control in hospitals. We also believe that all concerned should work towards improving our clinical diagnostic ability in order to attain and maintain a concordance rate well above 90%.
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Drought Tolerance of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.) II. Field Trial in the Dry Season of Sudan Savanna and Dry Matter Production of Potted Plants under Water-stress - Watanabe, Iwao; Terao, Tomio (1998)
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Education in Somalia: History, destruction, and calls for reconstruction - Abdi, Ali A. (Comparative Education, 1998)
In pre-colonial traditional Somalia, education was dispensed through informal systems of communal interaction. With the arrival of colonialism in the mid-late 19th century, formal programmes of learning were slowly but steadily established. These were limited in scope and were essentially designed for the purposes of colonization. With independence in 1960, the education sector developed very quickly with pre-1991 civilian and military governments building hundreds of schools, training tens of thousands of teachers, adopting the Latin script for the writing of the Somali language, and successfully implementing nation-wide literacy programmes. But with the collapse of the Somali state in 1991, all modern systems of learning in the country were destroyed by the fighting factions, and Somalia has since been a country without any formal programmes of education. This paper first looks at the history of education in Somalia, then it describes and analyses the nature as well as the magnitude of destruction, and ends with an urgent appeal to the international community to come to the rescue of Somalia's children, and help resuscitate and reconstitute the country's structures and forms of learning.
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Three problem-solving instructional strategies and their effect on Nigerian students’ attainment in chemistry - Adigwe, J. C. (Research in Education, 1998)
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Participation in secondary education in Ghana: The case of females in rural Brong Ahafo - Ankomah, Yaw A. (Journal of Educational Management, 1998)
Formal education, especially at the higher levels, plays a vital role in the development of human resources for both personal and social advancement. A cursory observation seems to indicate that, as elsewhere in Ghana, a vast proportion of females in rural Brong Ahafo does not participate in secondary education. The study was motivated by the desire to investigate the extent of participation in secondary education among females in Rural Brong Ahafo and to examine the possible underlying factors. The study revealed gross underrepresentation of rural girls in secondary education, with the key factors observed to be poor economic circumstances of parents and socio-cultural conditioning of the rural folk. These factors would need to be addressed if the participation of girls in secondary education in rural Brong Ahafo is to improve.
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Institutional Practices and the Cultural Construction of Primary School Teaching in Botswana - Arthur, Jo (Comparative Education, 1998)
This paper is based on a study which explores links between the interactional order of the Botswana primary classroom-frequently dominated by whole-class recitation routines-and the wider social order, which includes highly centralised control of the education system. Drawing on ethnographic observation, I argue that the institutional structures and practices of schools and training colleges are important-but covert-contributors to teachers' understanding of their professional roles. Firstly I describe the internal social structuring of two primary schools, the social hierarchy among those who work and learn there, and the cultural distance between the schools and their communities. Then I discuss the institutional practices of the primary teacher training colleges in Botswana, arguing that these do not challenge concepts of teaching already internalised by trainees. Such concepts include the authority of teachers, the use of English as a symbol of that authority, and the value placed on memorisation of knowledge for display.
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Baseline study on the state od school management in Ghana - Atakpa, S. K.; Ankomah, Y. A. (Journal of Educational Management, 1998)
Improving the quality of management in schools has been identified as an effective strategy for improving the quality of student performance in schools. This paper presents a report on a study which sought to examine management methodology for promoting quality teaching and learning even under adverse conditions and in the face of serious resource constraints in basic schools in Ghana. The study identified ten factors that make the difference between effectively managed and ineffectively managed schools: Instructional leadership skills of the school head. time management. school vision and mission. tradition of performance. commitment and attachment to work of the school. learning environment, community value and support from the district office. school community relations and school location. The study affirms that these ten factors are key determinants of effective school management.
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Iranian Manichaean Turfan texts in early publications (1904–1934): Photo edition. Edited by Werner Sundermann. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Supplementary Series, Vol. III), pp. 51, and 192 plates. London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1996. £60.00 - Blois, F de (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1998)
Iranian Manichaean Turfan texts in early publications (1904–1934): Photo edition. Edited by Werner Sundermann. (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Supplementary Series, Vol. III), pp. 51, and 192 plates. London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1996. £60.00 - Volume 8 Issue 3
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African American High Scorers Project - Technical Report Three: Student Activities, Course Taking, School Performance, and SAT Performance - Chaplin, Duncan (1998)
This is one of a series of four reports based on a study of the performance of African American students on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) in the United States. This report focuses on behaviors of individual students, especially their course-taking behavior, participation in extracurricular activities, and school performance (class rank and grades). The study analyzes association of these characteristics with SAT scores after controlling for all of the individual, school, and neighborhood characteristics.
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Schools as (Dis)Organisations: the ‘breakdown of the culture of learning and teaching’ in South African schools - Christie, Pam (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores particular organisational dimensions of school failure with a view to understanding how they have affected the operation of schools, why schools have broken down and what interventions may remedy this breakdown. It moves beyond rational theories of organisation to argue that perspectives derived from psychoanalytical approaches to organisation may be useful in planning strategies for intervention to transform teaching and learning in these schools.
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Schools as (Dis)Organisations: the ‘breakdown of the culture of learning and teaching’ in South African schools - Christie, Pam (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores particular organisational dimensions of school failure with a view to understanding how they have affected the operation of schools, why schools have broken down and what interventions may remedy this breakdown. It moves beyond rational theories of organisation to argue that perspectives derived from psychoanalytical approaches to organisation may be useful in planning strategies for intervention to transform teaching and learning in these schools.
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Schools as (Dis)Organisations: the ‘breakdown of the culture of learning and teaching’ in South African schools - Christie, Pam (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores particular organisational dimensions of school failure with a view to understanding how they have affected the operation of schools, why schools have broken down and what interventions may remedy this breakdown. It moves beyond rational theories of organisation to argue that perspectives derived from psychoanalytical approaches to organisation may be useful in planning strategies for intervention to transform teaching and learning in these schools.
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Schools as (Dis)Organisations: the ‘breakdown of the culture of learning and teaching’ in South African schools - Christie, Pam (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores particular organisational dimensions of school failure with a view to understanding how they have affected the operation of schools, why schools have broken down and what interventions may remedy this breakdown. It moves beyond rational theories of organisation to argue that perspectives derived from psychoanalytical approaches to organisation may be useful in planning strategies for intervention to transform teaching and learning in these schools.
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Schools as (Dis)Organisations: the ‘breakdown of the culture of learning and teaching’ in South African schools - Christie, Pam (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> A prominent and problematical legacy of apartheid education, which requires transformation, is the poor functioning of a large number of previously black schools (commonly termed ‘the breakdown of the culture of teaching and learning'). While the causes of breakdown may be traced back to the years of opposition to apartheid and the resistance struggle waged within schooling from 1976 onwards, it is less clear what may be done to remedy the situation. This article explores particular organisational dimensions of school failure with a view to understanding how they have affected the operation of schools, why schools have broken down and what interventions may remedy this breakdown. It moves beyond rational theories of organisation to argue that perspectives derived from psychoanalytical approaches to organisation may be useful in planning strategies for intervention to transform teaching and learning in these schools.
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From “Rolling Mass Action” to “RPL”: the changing discourse of experience and learning in the South African labour movement - Cooper, Linda (Studies in Continuing Education, 1998)
Abstract This paper focuses on changing approaches to worker education within the South African labour movement over the past 20 years. It identifies the distinctive features of this movement in its early years of development, and shows how these were linked to an emancipatory educational discourse with particular notions of how knowledge is constructed, the role of experience in learning and the construction of particular forms of worker identity. It then traces the role of the labour movement in the development of new education and training policies in the context of transition to democracy in the 1990s. It shows how newer training discourses have impacted on union education and shifted the labour movements’ understandings of how and where knowledge is produced, the kinds of knowledge that should be valued, the social purpose of education and the very meaning of worker experience and its significance for learning.
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Representations of Physical Disability in Colonial Zimbabwe: The Cyrene Mission and Pitaniko, the Film of Cyrene - Devlieger, Patrick (Disability & Society, 1998)
Pitaniko, the Film of Cyrene is a unique short film, created in 1946 in part to popularize the work of Cyrene and its founder, the Reverend Edward George (Ned) Paterson. The film is the story of the mission, told through the transformation of the life of a disabled young man, Samuel Songo, who portrays Pitaniko, first through his experience of rejection at his village and then at the Cyrene mission. In Pitaniko , physical disability is viewed in two worlds, one African, the other the world of the Cyrene mission, befitting the colonial contrasts of the primitive and the civilized. The meaning of rehabilitation is derived from the transformation from the African world into the world of the Cyrene mission through the medium of art, and ultimately, through conversion into Christianity. Disability is first an opportunity and later a symbol that illustrates and enhances the mission of Cyrene.
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Transforming Education in South Africa? - Enslin, Penny; Pendlebury, Shirley (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
(1998). Transforming Education in South Africa? Cambridge Journal of Education: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 261-267.
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Education after Apartheid: South Africa Education in Transition. Peter Kallaway , Glenda Kruss , Aslam Fataar , Gari Donn - Evans, Ivan (Comparative Education Review, 1998)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsEducation after Apartheid: South Africa Education in Transition. Peter Kallaway , Glenda Kruss , Aslam Fataar , Gari Donn Ivan EvansIvan Evans Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 42, Number 4Nov., 1998 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/447530 Views: 11Total views on this site Copyright 1998 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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Information needs and information‐seeking behaviour of graduate students at the University of Botswana - Fidzani, B.T. (Library Review, 1998)
This study was undertaken to determine the information‐seeking behaviour and use of information resources by graduate students at the University of Botswana. The overall purpose of the study was to determine what their information requirements are and determine their awareness of library services available to them. The study collected empirical data on the information requirements of graduate students. Data were gathered from 144 students out of 223 part‐time and full‐time graduate students registered. Findings indicate that guidance in the use of library resources and services is necessary to help students meet some of their information requirements. The study found that: journals, library books and textbooks are the most popular sources of information for course work and research and that students need to be taught how to use available library resources and services. Based on these findings, it was recommended that a questionnaire on students’ ability to use information resources be prepared and administered during registration to all masters students to establish their ability to use information resources. It was also recommended that a more aggressive information marketing strategy should be developed at both subject librarian and departmental level to create awareness among graduate students on the available
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A Comparison of Levels of Involvement for Parents with At-Risk African American Kindergarten Children in Classrooms with High Versus Low Teacher Encouragement - Gavin, Karen M.; Greenfield, Daryl B. (Journal of Black Psychology, 1998)
Based on data obtained from their teacher, 76 African American kindergarten children were classified as at risk for poor educational outcome. The parents of these at-risk children also reported their parent involvement levels. Independent ratings by trained observers were used to divide the teachers into a highand low-involvement group based on measures of general involvement and involvement in two specific domains, that is, home-school conmmunication and school volunteering. No statistically significant differences were presentbetween the two groups of parents on the general involvement scores. However, statistically significant differences between parents occurred in home-school communication and school volunteering for parents grouped by teachers who were high and low in the encouragement of specific activities in these two areas. The implications of these findings, including designing and evaluating parent involvement programs for the large number of families with young African American children at-risk for schoolfailure, are discussed.
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Review of R. Cribiore 'Writing, Teachers and Students in Graeco-Roman Egypt' - Gonis, Nikolaos (1998)
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Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania. - Hatz, Christoph; Vennervald, B J; Nkulila, T; Vounatsou, Penelope; Kombe, Yeri; Mayombana, C; Mshinda, Hassan; Tanner, Marcel (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1998)
Little is known about the dynamics of pathology due to schistosomiasis following treatment. Public health authorities in endemic areas require such information to decide on the timing of treatment and re-treatment schedules. A study to assess the rate of clearance and reappearance of pathologic lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium using ultrasound has now been carried out in two schools in southeastern Tanzania, an area of moderate-to-high transmission. Baseline data collection found urinary tract pathology in 67% of 533 children. Lesions of the bladder were significantly associated with egg positivity and microhematuria. The attributable fraction estimate of major bladder lesions due to S. haematobium was 75%. In a cohort study, 224 infected children were examined by ultrasound and then treated with a standard dose of 40 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. They were re-examined at two, four, six, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. Before treatment, 76% had pathologic lesions of the urinary tract. The proportion showing lesions decreased sharply during the first months after treatment to 11% at six months. At 24 months, lesions were detected in 57%, and 11% had developed new severe pathology. In 18 cases, pathology was present throughout, and 34 did not show any pathology throughout the study. This study provides the first detailed report on the evolution of urinary tract pathology due to S. haematobium infections at the community level. The results will help in making decisions on treatment and re-treatment schedules and more generally will provide a basis for designing control strategies in areas of moderate-to-high transmission.
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Urban-rural differences in questionnaire-derived markers of asthma in Kenyan school children - Ja, Odhiambo; Lw, Nganga; Mw, Mungai; Cm, Gicheha; Jk, Nyamwaya; Karimi, Fatemeh Zahra; Pt, Macklem; Mr, Becklake (The European respiratory journal, 1998)
Grade 4 Kenyan children attending 10 randomly selected public primary schools in Nairobi (urban) and the Muranga District (rural) were surveyed to establish the prevalence of symptom markers of asthma and to assess the impact of urbanization. A respiratory health and home environment questionnaire was administered at school to parents or guardians. The questionnaire response rates were 94.2% (568/ 603) for Nairobi and 89.6% (604/674) for Muranga. The prevalence rates for asthma, defined as "attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze", were 9.5% for urban and 3.0% for rural children (odds ratio (OR) urban versus rural: 3.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.96-5.91). This urban-rural gradient persisted after adjusting for urban-rural differences in host factors (including duration of breastfeeding and family history of asthma and/or allergy), but was largely explained by urban-rural differences in environmental factors, including indoor animals, sharing a bedroom with a smoker, parental education, house ventilation and exposure to motor vehicle fumes en route to school (adjusted OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.70-3.55). Similar results were obtained for all other symptoms. These findings confirm the clinical impression that asthma is an important illness in Kenya and underline the need for the further study of environmental factors amenable to intervention, particularly in urban areas.
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Curriculum Reform in South Africa: a critical analysis of outcomes‐based education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> Since South Africa's first national democratic elections in 1994, the Government of National Unity has issued several curriculum‐related reforms intended to democratise education and eliminate inequalities in the post‐apartheid education system. The most comprehensive of these reforms has been labelled outcomes‐based education (OBE), an approach to education which underpins the new Curriculum 2005. While the anticipated positive effects of the new curriculum have been widely heralded, there has been little criticism of these proposals given the social and educational context of South African schools. In this article the philosophical, political and implementational dilemmas of OBE are systematically analysed and assessed.
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Curriculum Reform in South Africa: a critical analysis of outcomes‐based education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> Since South Africa's first national democratic elections in 1994, the Government of National Unity has issued several curriculum‐related reforms intended to democratise education and eliminate inequalities in the post‐apartheid education system. The most comprehensive of these reforms has been labelled outcomes‐based education (OBE), an approach to education which underpins the new Curriculum 2005. While the anticipated positive effects of the new curriculum have been widely heralded, there has been little criticism of these proposals given the social and educational context of South African schools. In this article the philosophical, political and implementational dilemmas of OBE are systematically analysed and assessed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Curriculum Reform in South Africa: a critical analysis of outcomes‐based education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> Since South Africa's first national democratic elections in 1994, the Government of National Unity has issued several curriculum‐related reforms intended to democratise education and eliminate inequalities in the post‐apartheid education system. The most comprehensive of these reforms has been labelled outcomes‐based education (OBE), an approach to education which underpins the new Curriculum 2005. While the anticipated positive effects of the new curriculum have been widely heralded, there has been little criticism of these proposals given the social and educational context of South African schools. In this article the philosophical, political and implementational dilemmas of OBE are systematically analysed and assessed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Curriculum Reform in South Africa: a critical analysis of outcomes‐based education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> Since South Africa's first national democratic elections in 1994, the Government of National Unity has issued several curriculum‐related reforms intended to democratise education and eliminate inequalities in the post‐apartheid education system. The most comprehensive of these reforms has been labelled outcomes‐based education (OBE), an approach to education which underpins the new Curriculum 2005. While the anticipated positive effects of the new curriculum have been widely heralded, there has been little criticism of these proposals given the social and educational context of South African schools. In this article the philosophical, political and implementational dilemmas of OBE are systematically analysed and assessed.
Keywords: openalex:import

Curriculum Reform in South Africa: a critical analysis of outcomes‐based education - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1998)
Abstract> Since South Africa's first national democratic elections in 1994, the Government of National Unity has issued several curriculum‐related reforms intended to democratise education and eliminate inequalities in the post‐apartheid education system. The most comprehensive of these reforms has been labelled outcomes‐based education (OBE), an approach to education which underpins the new Curriculum 2005. While the anticipated positive effects of the new curriculum have been widely heralded, there has been little criticism of these proposals given the social and educational context of South African schools. In this article the philosophical, political and implementational dilemmas of OBE are systematically analysed and assessed.
Keywords: openalex:import