Civil society in South Africa: Learning from gender themes - Hirschmann, David (World Development, 1998)
The article relies on gender concepts and women's perspectives to inform and challenge established understandings of civil society. Based on interviews with women in South Africa, it reaffirms the interconnectedness of the public and private domains and of women's strategic and practical interests. It also demonstrates women's distinct contribution to civil society and the relevance of violence to an evaluation of civil society. The findings also suggest how a gendered approach may contribute to assessments of civil society in ways that go beyond gender concerns; for example, narrow state focused definitions of civil society exclude not only women's but most non-elite associational life.
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Sodium, Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity Is Impaired in the Guinea Pig Pancreatic Duct System in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes - Hootman, S. R.; Jones, John E.; Kapoor, Ravi; Nguyen, Kaitlyn; Ondarza, José de (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998)
In patients with type I diabetes mellitus, clinical studies have demonstrated decreased secretion of pancreatic juice by the pancreatic excretory duct system. The cause of this decrease is unknown, but could involve changes in initial signal transduction pathways or one or more of the electrolyte transport components that subserve regulated fluid secretion. We have compared responsiveness to secretin in pancreatic ducts isolated from healthy and diabetic Hartley guinea pigs and also have compared the expression of CFTR and Na+,K+-ATPase in these two groups, as the activities of these two proteins are essential for secretion of pancreatic juice. The increases in cyclic AMP levels evoked by exposure to either 0.1 nM or 0.1 μM secretin were not significantly different in pancreatic ducts isolated from healthy and diabetic guinea pigs nor were levels of CFTR or Na+,K+-ATPase expression. By contrast, Na+,K+-ATPase activity in pancreatic ducts isolated from diabetic guinea pigs was decreased by 70%, suggesting a change in the enzyme's catalytic properties in the diabetic tissues. The observed decrease would be expected to seriously compromise the production of pancreatic juice.
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Mathematics and Science Literacy of Final-Year School Students in South Africa. A Report on the Performance of South African Students in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). - Howie, Sarah J.; Hughes, Colleen A. (1998)
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Comparative study on soil pollution with toxic substances on farmlands close to old and new industrial sites in Ethiopia. - Itanna, Fisseha (Bulletin of The Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 1998)
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Exercise-induced asthma in a group of South African schoolchildren during physical education classes. - Kirkby, Russell; Ker, James (PubMed, 1998)
The study was conducted to ascertain whether physical education teachers, using a peak flow meter, could reliably screen for exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in children during free running.The study was conducted using a convenience sample of male pupils between the ages of 12 and 18 years. They were tested with a peak flow meter for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and with a flow-volume curve for forced expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) before and 10 minutes after a self-paced free running test during physical education classes. Testing was undertaken by teachers using the peak flow meter and by a medical doctor using a flow-volume curve.Using a 10% decrease in flow parameters (PEFR and FEV1), teachers detected EIA in 14.9% of pupils and the doctor detected EIA in 21.7% of pupils.We conclude that EIA is common and that teachers using a peak flow meter can detect EIA and thus screen for it; they do, however, underestimate the true magnitude of the problem.
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Tobacco smoking among high shool students in Yaounde, Cameroon - Kuaban, Christopher; Kenta-Bibi, Emmanuel; Ngu, B.K. (Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1998)
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A Moroccan family with autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss caused by a mutation in the gap junction protein gene connexin 26 (GJB2). - Lench, NJ; Markham, Alex F.; Mueller, Robin; Kelsell, David P.; Smith, Richard J.; Willems, P. J.; Schatteman, Isabelle; Capon, H.; Heyning, Paul Van de; Camp, Guy Van (Journal of Medical Genetics, 1998)
We report a mutation in the connexin 26 gene (Cx26) in a consanguineous Moroccan family linked to the DFNA3/DFNB1 locus on human chromosome 13q11-q12. Affected subjects display congenital, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss. We have previously identified Cx26 mutations in consanguineous Pakistani families. This current finding indicates that Cx26 mutations are not restricted to ethnically and geographically distinct populations. This is an important observation since it will help to determine the overall contribution of connexin 26 mutations to autosomal deafness in different populations.
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Evaluation of traditional birth attendants (TBA) training and support supervision in rural Jinja district, Uganda - Lukwago, Luswa; Kitimbo, D.W.; Zirabamuzaale, Christine; Sengooba, Freddie (Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1998)
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Capacity Building for IT in Education in Developing Countries. IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) TC3 WG 3.1, 3.4 & 3.5 Working Conference (Harare, Zimbabwe, August 19-25, 1997). - Marshall, Gail; Ruohonen, Mikko (1998)
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The Traits of “Good Teachers” as Identified by African-American and White Students with Emotional and/or Behavioral Disorders - McIntyre, Tom; Battle, Juan (Behavioral Disorders, 1998)
The responses of 209 youngsters in 11 programs for students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (E/BD) were examined regarding their perceptions of four trait categories of so-called good teachers: Personality Traits, Respectful Treatment of Students, Behavior Management Practices, and Instructional Skills. Results demonstrated that African-American students perceived Personality Traits and Respectful Treatment of Students as being more important than their white counterparts; females felt that all four of the trait configurations were more important than their male counterparts felt they were; and as the age of students increased, each of the four trait configurations was viewed as being less important. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Pupils' Views on Sex Education in Transkei Schools, South Africa - Monyooe, Lebusa A.; Fumba, C. N. (Psychological Reports, 1998)
Responses to a questionnaire of 49 girls and 28 boys, who ranged in age from 17 to 29 years, suggested that pupils were favorable to sex education at schools as enhancing self-esteem, responsibility, and understanding of issues.
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Teaching Experience, Job Security, and Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers in South Africa - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S. (Psychological reports, 1998)
The purpose was to examine the extent to which years of teaching experience may be related to self-reported job satisfaction in groups of men and women, who had less than eight years of teaching secondary school or who had more than eight years. 62 teachers with longer teaching experience ( M age = 39.0 yr., SD = 3.9) rated their job satisfaction higher than those who had less experience ( M age = 37.4 yr., SD = 5.9). 53% of teachers rated security high and 35% as average, so most felt secure in their work.
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Longitudinal Assessment of Aerobic Fitness in Middle School African-American Girls - Pivarnik, James M.; Taylor, Wendell C.; Cummings, Sharon S. (Pediatric Exercise Science, 1998)
This study presents 3 years of data from a longitudinal study designed to follow changes in VO 2 max and treadmill (TM) exercise performance in African-American girls throughout middle school. Subjects ( N = 19) were tested 6 months apart during grades 6-8. VO 9 and heart rates (HR) were measured continuously while each subject performed an incremental TM test to volitional exhaustion. Absolute VO 2 max (ml • min 1 ) increased with time, while relative (ml • kg 1 * min 1 ) values declined significantly from 6th to 8th grade. Treadmill time to exhaustion improved after the first test, but showed a significant decline by the end of 8th grade. Correlations between fall 6th-grade and spring 8th-grade aerobic fitness measures ranged from .35 to .57, indicating moderate tracking of these variables throughout middle school. Aerobic fitness values are low (compared to Caucasians) in African-American adolescent girls and show significant declines throughout middle school. Future studies should investigate anatomical, physiological, and behavioral reasons for the apparently low aerobic fitness seen in African-American girls.
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Attitude Toward Counselling among Rural College Students in Nigeria - Salami, SO (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 1998)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of students towards counselling at the College of Education, Oro. Two hundred and eight students responded to the Attitude Towards Guidance and Counselling Inventory (ATGCI). ANOVA and Friedman's Test were used to analyse the data. The results obtained indicated that the students have positive attitude towards counselling; their disposition to seek counselling depends on the type of problems they have.
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Wage Premia for Education and Location, By Gender and Race in South Africa - Schultz, Tanja; Mwabu, Germano (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1998)
Despite the lower quality of education provided Africans compared with whites in South Africa, the percentage wage gains associated with additional years of primary, secondary, and higher education are substantially larger for Africans than for whites in 1993, and they increase for both race groups at higher levels of education. The lower quantity (or political quotas) of education received by Africans than whites is a simple explanation for the wage structure documented in this paper. The other two racial groups, colored (mixed races) and Indians, occupy intermediate positions between whites and Africans in terms of both the quantity of education received and wage returns to those levels of education. As barriers to employment by race are dismantled in South Africa, wage differences between races are likely to diminish, while wage differences within race groups may well widen. Quantitative expansion of educational opportunities for nonwhites at the secondary and higher education levels seems to be overdue.
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Wage Premia for Education and Location, by Gender and Race in South Africa - Schultz, Tanja; Mwabu, Germano (1998)
Despite the lower quality of education provided Africans compared with whites in South Africa, the percentage wage gains associated with additional years of primary, secondary, and higher education are substantially larger for Africans than for whites in 1993, and they increase for both race groups at higher levels of education. The lower quantity (or political quotas) of education received by Africans rather than whites is a simple explanation for the wage structure documented in this paper. The other two racial groups, colored (mixed races) and Indians, occupy intermediate positions between whites and Africans in terms of both the quantity of education. As barriers to employment by race are dismantled in South Africa, wage differences between races are likely to diminish, while wage differences within race groups may well widen. Quantitative expansion of educational opportunities for non-whites at the secondary and higher education levels seems to be overdue.
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Racial Ideology and Racial Centrality as Predictors of African American College Students' Academic Performance - Sellers, Robert M.; Chavous, Tabbye M.; Cooke, Deanna Y. (Journal of Black Psychology, 1998)
The study focuses on the relationship between racial identity and academic achievement for African American college students. The Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI) was used to assess the relationship between racial centrality, racial ideology, and academic performance. A total of 248 participants were recruitedfrom a predominantly Black college and a predominantly White college and were administered the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) to assess their racial ideology and racial centrality. Participants also were asked to report their cumulative grade point averages (GPAs). Consistent with the MMRI, racial centrality moderates the relationship between racial ideology and academic performance such that assimilation and nationalist ideologies were negatively associated with GPA and a minority ideology was positively associated with GPA for students who scored high on racial centrality. Racial ideology was not a significant predictor of GPA for participants who scored low on racial centrality.
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ECoSA: a report on a pan‐African environmental education survey - Vare, Paul (Environmental Education Research, 1998)
Summary The Education and Communication for Sustainability in Africa (ECoSA) survey set out to provide an overall picture of environmental education provision in Africa in order to identify areas where European Union support could best assist the environmental education process. The survey gathered information through questionnaires, semi‐structured interviews at grass rodts level, country visits and a consultative workshop. A principal product of the survey was a databank with over 300 African organisations involved in environmental education. The Final Report reviews environmental education provision in different sectors as well as suggesting a number of guiding principles and proposing priority areas for European assistance.
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School oral health survey in Kairouan, Tunisia - Maatouk, Fethi (Eastern Mediterranean health journal, 1998)
The aim of the oral health survey was to study oral disease prevalence in 600 schoolchildren [aged 6 years and 12 years] in Kairouan. World Health Organization methodology was used and the results were compared with the 1994 national survey findings. As well as oral examination, fluoride dosage in drinking water was assessed. Analysis showed that the findings were in agreement with the national survey except for dental caries prevalence, therapeutic index and dental fluorosis prevalence. Thus WHO recommendations made after the national survey remain valid in Kairouan
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Intestinal Parasitic Infections of School Children in Kwale District of Coast Province, Kenya - Shimada, Muneaki; Nojima, Hisatake; Mizuki, Hirata (熱帯医学 Tropical medicine, 1998)
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School Libraries in Ghana: A State-of-the-Art Report - Alemna, A.A. (School libraries worldwide, 1998)
This article provides a review of the school library development in Ghana against the background of a new educational system that was put in place a decade ago. Although the government and the Ministry of Education have for a long time recognized the role of school libraries in education, little has been done to ensure that facilities are properly put in place for libraries to play this role.
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School Libraries in Botswana: A State-of-the-Art Report - Baffour-Awuah, Margaret (School Libraries Worldwide, 1998)
Since attaining independence in 1966, Botswana has made vast strides in its development. However, its library services, especially to education, have not kept pace with this general development. Some factors hindering the development of school library services include lack of qualified staff, low funding levels, and divided administrative responsibility for libraries. There is reason for optimism, however, in the support for libraries and for resource-based learning in the 1994 Revised National Policy on Education and in the activism of the Botswana Library Association and of the Inter-Ministerial Committee on Library Services to Education.
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13th conference of Commonwealth education ministers, Gaborone, Botswana, 28 July‐1 August 1997 (The Round Table, 1998)
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African-American Tenured Professors at the Nation's Highest-Ranked Graduate Schools of Education (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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African Americans at the Nation's Leading Graduate Schools of Education (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Binge Drinking on the Rise Among African-American College Students (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Calculating the Lifetime Value of Higher Education for African Americans (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Cost of School-based Drug Treatment in Tanzania (Health policy and planning (Print), 1998)
It has been argued that targeting delivery of anthelmintics to school-children by taking advantage of the existing education infrastructure and administrative system can be one of the most cost-effective approaches in minimizing the intensity of infections with both schistosomiasis and major intestinal nematodes in many developing countries. The study was conducted in January 1997, shortly after the completion of the drug intervention programme. This paper provides an analysis of the costs of providing age-targeted treatment of school-children for urinary schistosomiasis using praziquantel and for intestinal nematodes using albendazole as an integral part of the School Health Programme in Tanga Region, Tanzania. The analysis shows that the total financial cost of the intervention programme in 1996 prices was US$54 252.28 (exchange rate: TSH 573 = US$1). Of this amount, the cost of drugs constitutes 80.6%, while the delivery cost appears relatively low, representing just below 20%. Even when the opportunity cost of unpaid days of labour input is included, the cost of drugs still remains the highest cost component of the intervention (55.8%). In the current epidemiological and logistic setting of Tanzania, the financial cost per child treated using praziquantel, which involved prior screening at the school level, was US$0.79, while treatment using albendazole was as low as US$0.23, of which US$0.20 was drug purchase cost. It is concluded that the base cost of delivering a universal, standard, school-based health intervention such as albendazole can be as low as US$0.03 per child tested, but even a very slight increase in the complexity of delivery can have a very significant impact on the cost of intervention.
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Emergency health training programme for Africa. (PubMed, 1998)
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Estimating the Effect a Ban on Racial Preferences Would Have on African- American Admissions to the Nation's Leading Graduate Schools (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Why the Large and Growing Gender Gap in African-American Higher Education? (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Industrial Pollution Prevention Programme (IPPP) Progress report Visit to Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) 20.09.-01.10.98 - Aanes, Karl Jan (60, 1998)
Environmental Counsil of Zambia (ECZ), Water Pollution Unit and Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority
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Sex Related Differences In Spatial Ability , Mental Imagery And Concept Achievement In Geometry ( Polygon ) amongst Formal Operations Stage Pupils Of Aden Governorate (Yemen ) - Abaade, Mahyoob M. A. (1998)
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Economic Liberalization and Women's Education: Prospects for Post-Apartheid South Africa - Abdi, Ali A. (McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill, 1998)
ABSTRACT. The post-apartheid South African economy is now responding, as elsewhere in Africa, to the fiscal/monetary exigencies of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) as stipulated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A cardinal principle of SAPs is the reduction of expenditure on public education and other areas of social development. With that financial reality in place now, this paper examines women's education and related issues in the new South Africa. The basic proposition in this regard is that with SAPs now applying a downward pressure on educational expansion and affordability, women's education in general, and black women's in particular, will suffer in the long-run. RESUME. Comme celle d'autres pays d'Afrique, l'economie de l'Afrique du Sud se conforme depuis l'abolition de l'apartheid aux exigences fiscales et monetaires des programmes d'ajustement structurel (PAS) de la Banque mondiale et du Fonds monetaire international (FMI). L'un des principes fondamentaux sur lesquels reposent les PAS est la reduction des depenses consacrees a l'enseignement public et a d'autres programmes de developpement social. A la lumiere de ces nouvelles realites financieres, l'auteur analyse la question de l'education des femmes et certains problemes qui s'y rattachent dans la nouvelle Afrique du Sud. Il soutient a cet egard que les PAS reduisent l'acces a l'education et nuisent a son developpement et qu'avec le temps, ce sont les femmes et surtout les femmes noires qui en souffriront.
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Education and the challenge of globalisation: the Egyptian point of view - Abdul-Ghaffar, A.-S.; Dean, Andrés (1998)
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School health in Mauritius - Aboobakar, Shahina (1998)
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Geologic evolution of conjugate volcanic passive margins: Pelotas Basin (Brazil) and offshore Namibia (Africa). Implication for global sea level changes - Abreu, Vitor (1998)
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Modibbo al-Hajj Usmanu (1884-1970): The life of a Muslim teacher and judge in Bogo (North Cameroon) - Adama, Hamadou; Amadou, Aboubakary Modibo (Sudanic Africa, 1998)
nineteenth century. It was a continuation of an earlier effort made by pious scholars in different areas to reform the practice of Islam with the view to establishing a govern ment based on Islamic principles. Thus, by the second half of the eighteenth century, a number of factors coalesced to make cUthman b. Fodiye's movement a reality. In the caliphate that was established, the jihad leaders attempted to put into practice the ideals they cherished. During the nineteenth century, the class of scholars who had, in the late eighteenth century, provided propa
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Direct and Indirect Effects of School Learning Variables on the Academic Achievement of African American 10th Graders - Adams, Candace Renee; Singh, Kusum (Journal of Negro Education, 1998)
In focusing on the direct and indirect effects of certain school learning variables on the academic achievement of African American 10th graders, a model was proposed. The model considered those variables associated with student background characteristics (i.e., gender and socioeconomic status); the school (i.e., students' perceptions of the school environment, teachers, and teaching); the family (i.e., parental expectations and involvement); and students (i.e., student educational aspirations and motivation). It was tested using data from African American students who participated in the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. A revised model was developed after only socioeconomic status, prior academic achievement, and students' perceptions of teachers and teaching quality were found to have statistically significant effects on achievement. INTRODUCTION The academic achievement of high school students has long been of concern to parents, academicians, policymakers, and the general public. Many models have been developed to explain variability in student achievement (Donovan, 1984; Keith & Benson, 1992; Keith & Page, 1985; Martinez-Ponz & Zimmerman, 1990; Reynolds, 1989). For minority students, research historically has focused on their background characteristics alone. That is, attempts have been made to predict or explain minority students' academic achievement based on the background characteristics of their families (i.e., socioeconomic status [SES] or home possessions as indicators of affluence); the students themselves (e.g., ethnicity or gender); and/or characteristics ascribed to them (typically ability, self-esteem, locus of control, and motivation) (Burlew, 1979; Curry et al., 1978; Flaugher, 1971; Frye & Coe, 1980; Heussenstamm & Hoepfner, 1971; Johnsen & Medley, 1978; Lloyd, 1967; Suchman, 1968). Other studies have sought to explain varying minority graduation rates by looking at factors that inhibit or enhance their persistence in high school and college (American Council on Education [ACE], 1988, 1989; Astin, 1982; Fleming, 1984; Ogbu, 1990; Spring, 1989). From these and similar studies, the term has been applied to students who were more likely than others to drop out of school. More often than not, at-risk status has been ascribed to students by virtue of their membership in an ethnic minority group (i.e., typically African American or Hispanic American) and/or a social minority group (i.e., teenage females considered at risk of dropping out of school due to pregnancy), or their belonging to impoverished inner-city families (ones & Watson, 1990). Although background and SES undoubtedly factor into at-risk status for poor and minority students, these variables may only partially explain the level of academic achievement attained. Furthermore, they may play merely an indirect role in explaining the at-risk phenomenon's relationship to other causal factors. Thus, models focusing on background characteristics of students alone often cannot explain why students possessing one or more risk characteristics do not drop out of school, nor can they explain why students possessing none of these characteristics drop out. Moreover, reliance on these models seldom leads to improvements in educational service delivery because student backgrounds are difficult, if not impossible, to change. Many researchers have used national data sets to look at achievement patterns and their relationship with variables such as school experience, motivation, self-concept, and aspirations (Rasinski, Ingels, Rock, & Pollack, 1993; Rock, Owings, & Lee, 1994; Rock & Pollack, 1995). For example, Rasinski et al.'s research noted a narrowing of the gap in mathematics achievement between European/Asian American students and African/ Hispanic American students. Tate (1997) later concurred with this finding, maintaining that while the former two groups' mathematics achievement continues to be higher, the latter two groups closed some of the gap by making greater gains. …
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The views of educators and students on music education in Tanzania secondary schools. - Addo, Patience Oluremi (1998)
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Training and Development in Nigerian Industries and Organisations - Adedeji, Adebayo (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 1998)
This paper is a discourse on the important topic of training and development in Nigerian industries and organizations. It begins with definitions and insights into what training and development are all about especially in the specific context of the work place. Key aspects such as identification of training needs, types and methods of training, benefits of training and evaluation of training are then treated in sequence. These are followed, by a discussion of training programmes in the Nigerian public sector and some training institutions in Nigeria. Problems of employee training in Nigeria are then highlighted with suggestions given on strategies to be adopted in overcoming these identified problems and weaknesses.
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Language Education and Educational Development in Nigeria - Adegbite, Wale (1998)
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Literacy and middle-class privilege in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from planning time sessions at Church Pre-school - Adendorff, Ralph; Nel, Tracy (Multilingua, 1998)
Article Literacy and middle-class privilege in post-apartheid South Africa: Evidence from planning time sessions at Church Pre-school was published on January 1, 1998 in the journal Multilingua (volume 17, issue 2-3).
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Understanding school effectiveness and english language certification in the third world : an ethnographic study of some Nigerian secondary schools - Adewuyi, David Aderemi (1998)
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Learning from the Failure of Disarmament and Conflict Resolution in Somalia - Adibe, Clement E. (1998)
On 2 March 1995, the United Nations completed the withdrawal of its troops and civilian personnel from Somalia. This action formally ended a long ordeal for the premier international organization which began three years earlier with an international demand for organized intervention to stop the massive starvation that was claiming the lives of Somalis. On the day of the UN’s forced exit from Somalia under unfavourable circumstances dictated by warlord General Mohamed Farah Aideed, UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali announced, with regrets, that the hopes for a new international order that blossomed at the end of the Cold War had evaporated. In the future, he said, the United Nations would have to ‘contract out’ more operations to regional organizations or multinational forces led by major powers with special interests in disputes. As we now know, this is already happening in the former Yugoslavia where NATO has assumed peacekeeping functions following the success of negotiations in Dayton, Ohio. But should that be the lesson of Somalia? If not, then, what should the failure of the Somali operation teach international institutions and national governments about multilateral conflict resolution? This is the central problem I propose to discuss in this essay. I shall argue that far from functional devolution of peace tasks to regional organizations, the lesson of Somalia is that there is an urgent need for the consolidation and harmonization of the principles and guidelines for UN peace missions through a programme of combined training for all national contingents prior to deployment in an operational theatre. This essay is divided into three sections. The first section briefly discusses the conflict that invited international intervention. The second section examines the major phases and activities of multinational peacekeeping forces in Somalia, while the third and concluding section discusses the lessons of the failed mission in Somalia.
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Learning of ethics and faking of drugs in Nigeria - Adikwu, M. U.; Ofokansi, KC (African Journal of Medical Practice, 1998)
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Gender and education in Mozambique - Africa, Unesco Regional Office for Education in; Wachave, Fernanda (1998)
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International Cooperation in Library Education: A Survey of Programs between North America and Anglophone Africa - Agada, John (Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 1998)
This article surveys models of cooperative programs in library education between North American and African library communities since the beginning of this century. It also identifies the issues involved in the design and implementation of these programs as well as the challenges posed to the sponsors and beneficiaries. It concludes with a call for concerted action to facilitate access to electronic information resources for African library schools.
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The impact on the relationship between type of school and dropout rate in Urhobo rural areas of Nigeria - Aganbi, Isaac Ataphiaminyo (1998)
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Utilization of family planning services at the University of Nigeria teaching hospital profile of contraceptive acceptors - Aghaji, MN; Cn, Obionu (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 1998)
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The Role of Environmental Training Institutions in Environmental Conservation in Africa: The Kenyan Experience - Agwata, Jones F. (1998)
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Disposition of in-service science teachers to the use of media in Botswana classrooms - Akinyemi, Adeola Folasade; Adeyinka, Oseyemi Justina; Afemikhe, Omaze Anthony (1998)
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Educators' views about the use and protection of natural resources in Ethiopia: the case of teachers and school administrators - Aklilu, D (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 1998)
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Traditional Management of Drought and Famine in Kenya - Akong'a, J.J.; Kareithi, Joram (1998)
There is general unanimity that drought and famine are recurring events in Sub-Saharan Africa. People’s patterns of thinking, feeling and potential behavior are influenced by their environment. Hence recurring events are institutionalized and become an important aspect of culture (Hofstede, 1991). Fleuret noted: “history tells us that drought and consequent food shortage are regularly recurring events which have stimulated adaptive responses. Further, these responses do not remain static and unchanged, but affect and are affected by other events and changes occurring in society” (Fleuret, 1986:224; Akong’a, 1988).
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Transfer of Entrepreneurial Training in Small Enterprise Development in Ghana - Akplu, Henry Fram (1998)
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Traditional African music education in Ghana and South Africa - Akrofi, Eric (Legon Journal of the Humanities, 1998)
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Music education: Conceptual implications for curriculum development and pedagogy in Kenya - Akuno, EA (1998)
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A spatial assessment on severe events of drought and water erosion hazard under three GCM scenarios in Nigeria: using the mollifier program. (Abstract). - Albersen, P.J.; Sonneveld, B.G.J.S.; Voortman, R.L. (1998)
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Education and training of the future librarian in Ghana - Alemna, A.A. (Librarian Career Development, 1998)
Argues that a sound library education is of paramount importance to the image and prestige of the library profession. Although in the past, a number of training programmes have been organised for librarians in Ghana, argues that present‐day job expectations require a new look at the training and education of the future librarian in Ghana. Various proposals are made in this vein.
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Street children in the perspective of formal education in Botswana: the challenge for special needs education - Allen-Ile, Charles; Grol, C.E.J. (1998)
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El Nino and the Drought in Papua New Guinea - Allen, Bryant (1998)
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Who Will Teach About Africa? A Personal View - Allen, Judith (1998)
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Tertiary Education Reforms in Tanzania and New Zealand and the Vocational Extolation 1 - Alphonce, N. (1998)
While Plato and Aristotle, convinced of the superiority of the mind over the body, debased and denigrated manual work, Rousseau advanced the importance of the pursuit of “industrial arts”, arguing that everyone in society is bound to work, “rich or poor, weak or strong, every idler is a thief”. The Germany educator, Freidrich Froebel, advocated “manual arts” education for children in kindergartens. John Dewey, although a proponent of vocational education, argued for a broader view of vocational education, opposing narrow forms of skills training. In his view, industrial education should emphasise acquisition of specialised skill based on science and a knowledge of social problems and conditions and not the acquisition of specialised skill in the management of machines. He advocated that motor and manual skills be developed in an active, constructive, inventive and creative manner with the goal not so much of producing skilled workers, but persons with industrial intelligence, a knowledge of the conditions and processes of manufacturing, transportation, and commerce. He contended that such a view of industrial intelligence would “prize freedom more than docility; initiative more than automatic skill; insight and understanding
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To learn how to speak with the voices of the land : rethinking resistance in South African cultural production of the late Apartheid period - Alvarez, David Edward (1998)
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Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Alexandria, Egypt: a prospective epidemiological study. - Am, Abdel-Moula; Aa, Sherif; Sa, Sallam; Am, Mandil; As, Kassem; Zaher, Zaher (PubMed, 1998)
The aim of this work was to study the epidemiologic features of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) among basic education students in Alexandria, including the demographic and clinical profiles as well as risk factors for RHD development. A stratified random sampling technique was used to allocate 5465 school children in the six educational zones of Alexandria. Clinical RHD cases were confirmed by using chest X-ray, ECG and echocardiography. Factors related to occurrence of RHD were studied using a case control design. Thirty four RHD cases (with an estimated prevalence of 6.2/1000 students) were diagnosed. Low socioeconomic status, chronic tonsillitis, positive family history of acute rheumatic fever/RHD and paternal consanguinity were significantly associated with the occurrence of RHD. Almost all previously diagnosed cases were enrolled in a prophylaxis program, with a defaulter rate of 31%. More than half of the identified cases had moderately severe valvular lesions. We recommend the implementation of an educational program targeted to both parents and teachers; the training of upgrading of school health physicians, and the standardization of secondary prophylaxis programs nationwide, with emphasis on assurance of compliance.
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The place of native language in Science teaching and learning in the Junior Secondary Schools in Ghana - Amedeker, Mawuadem Koku (Journal of the Ghana Science Association, 1998)
The effect of limited English language proficiency on the learning of science is investigated for some Junior Secondary School (J.S.S.) pupils. Despite serious efforts put up by pupils to learn science, difficulties in speaking and writing English were factors that limited their performance in science. Two types of schools: an experimental school (where English language was widely spoken by teachers and pupils) and the public system schools (where the native language enjoyed popularity) were investigated. In one case, pupils were urged to use English language to express themselves and demonstrate their level of understanding in science. On the other hand pupils were given the opportunity to use the local language to express their understanding of lessons in science. The study found out that learning science could be facilitated when the pupils with low proficiency in English were given the chance to employ their native language as a tool for learning science. This study, therefore, calls on educational policy makers to consider integrating the use of native languages into the science curriculum at the J.S.S. level. This implies developing more native vocabulary in science. JOURNAL OF THE GHANA SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Volume 1 Number 1, July (1998) pp. 7-11
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Academic Learning Time in Physical Education in Ghana – A Descriptive Analytic Study - Ammah, Jonathan O. A. (1998)
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Mobilizing and using resources in favour of lifelong education in Ghana - Amoako-Nuama, C. (1998)
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The effects of religiousness and education on African-American parenting - Anderson, Jacqueline A. (1998)
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Village concept projects in Ghana: international students helping to improve rural living conditions. - Andrian, Giorgio (1998)
An account is given of the second Village Concept Project at Odupong-Ofaakor, near Accra, Ghana, undertaken by international students' organizations concerned with agriculture, medicine, forestry and pharmacy. The overall objectives of the project, specific objectives of the agriculture and forestry components of the project, and project evaluation are discussed. In addition to the medical and health aspects of the project, attention was placed on improving the nutritional balance of the villagers' diet, the introduction of new and improved farming methods, the establishment of a woodlot to supply fuelwood, and assistance with identifying marketing opportunities.
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The management of agricultural wastes and organic urban wastes in tropical volcanic islands and related problems for the environment. A case study in the Republic of Mauritius - Angé, Alain (1998)
La fertilite elevee des sols combinees avec d'autres facteurs sociaux et politiques a cree des conditions favorables a l'accumulation des hommes sur les iles volcaniques sous climat tropical humide. La charge des dechets organiques d'origine non agricole creee par ces populations vient ainsi s'ajouter a celle des reSudus organiques de la vegetation naturelle et aux residus culturaux sur ces iles. Dans le cas de l'ile Maurice, la majeure partie de la nourriture est importee et les dechets de la consommation contribuent de facon significative a la degradation de l'environnement. L'etude propose le developpement de larges unites de compostage industriel pour la majeure partie des dechets organiques urbains combine avec une proposition significative de residus de culture de la canne. Ces residus pourraient etre recoltes avec la canne et separes a l'usine, la ou le procede de compostage serait installe. Ce compost pourrait remplacer une proportion significative des engrais mineraux actuellement consommes et pourrait reduire la masse d'elements organiques et fertilisants rejetee en mer. Des arrangements fiscaux appropries sont necessaires afin de mettre a niveau la competitivite des composts et des engrais mineraux, en terme de cout elementaire des elements fertilisants efficaces, rendus au champ
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Lead exposure in urban and rural school children in Ghana. - Ankrah, Nii‐Ayi; Nyarko, Afua; Ofosuhene, M; Appiah–Opong, Regina; Akyeampon, Y A (PubMed, 1998)
Human exposure to lead in non industrial urban areas is commonly ascribed to vehicular combustion of leaded gasoline. This belief is based on results of studies in societies with high vehicular density which show emission of lead fumes into the air by automobiles that use gasoline with high lead content. To assess this view, blood lead levels were evaluated in 11 to 15-year old school children in urban and rural communities of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Blood lead levels was significantly higher in all the urban children studied (mean +/-SD: 8.3+/- 12.7g/dl) than in their rural counterparts (4.0+/-7.2g/dl) (P<0.002). The trend was the same when only those who tested positive for blood lead were considered (24.1+/- 9.2g/dl, urban compared with 14.6+/- 5.8g/dl, rural). The prevalence of lead exposure was, however, not significantly different between the two groups (34.3. percent, urban and 27.1 per cent, rural). The presence of anaemia and/or increased urine total protein levels was unrelated to the blood lead levels in the children form both communities. Although a set goal to achieve lead free gasoline is desirable, the closeness of the prevalence rate of lead exposure obtained in the study indicate that factors other than leaded gasoline may be important determinant in exposure to lead in the Ghanaian community.
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The determinants of primary school enrolment in rural Edo and Delta states of Nigeria - Anyanwu, John C. (1998)
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Free Education as a Means to Equality of Opportunity: The Nigerian Case—1976 to 1987 - Asagwara, K. C. Prince (Education and Society, 1998)
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Teaching African cinema - Ashbury, Roy; Helsby, Wendy; O’Brien, Maureen R. (1998)
This pack comprises a 100-page teacher's book with photocopiable student information and worksheets, plus a video which includes extracts from films recently released by Connoisseur Video, such as Xala, Halfaouine and Denko.
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Intestinal parasitism among students in three localities in South Wello, Ethiopia - Assefa, Tsehai; Woldemichael, Tilahun; Dejene, Amare (Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 1998)
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Women, Education and Information Technology in Nigeria - Awa, Elile Glory (1998)
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Nigeria: The Imperatives of Education, Science and Technology - Awani, Charles (1998)
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Increases in women's education and fertility decline : evidence from Nigeria - Awuah, Agatha Dadzie (1998)
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Food processing training in Uganda; UNIDO training programme for women entrepreneurs in the food processing industry - experiences from Tanzania and Thailand - Axtell, Barrie; Fellows, Peter; Dillon, Mike; Herrmann, Gabriele; Groot, Tezer Ulusay de (1998)
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Seismicity and earthquake source mechanism study in the East African rift - Ayele, Atalay (1998)
A new earthquake catalogue of the Horn of Africa has been compiled for the period from 1960 to 1993. The threshold magnitude of this catalogue is found to be 4.5 (mb). Spatial and temporal variatio ...
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Promoting girls' education in Uganda - Babu, E.F. (1998)
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The social context of school satisfaction among urban, low-income, African-American students. - Baker, Jean A. (School psychology quarterly, 1998)
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Students' perceptions of classroom factors that impact success for African-American students in higher education settings - Baker, Phyllis Carder (1998)
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Civic Education Achievements and Challenges: Ethiopian Experience - Balcha, Berhanu Gutema (Community Development Journal, 1998)
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Student Protest—University and State in Africa 1960–1995 - Balsvik, Randi Rønning (Forum for Development Studies, 1998)
Summary Randi Rønning Balsvik, ‘Student Protest—University and State in Africa, 1960–1995’, Forum for Development Studies, 1998:2, pp. 301–325. The article deals with the relationship between the university and the state authorities in the newly independent African countries. The object is to indicate the cause, degree and pattern of unrest and disruptions in African universities. There are preliminary notes on the research on students and on the relationship between formal education and development, then follows an exposition of the problem itself, student unrest and the closures of universities. The contention is that the propensity to rebel is influenced by several factors: the least visible is related to the perception of relevance of university studies in the African context, the most visible to the dramatically declining economic conditions which affected student lives and studies. The main causes, however, are connected to the quality of interaction between state and university in which the latter demands the right to free expression and to participate in a public political debate which the former will not—or is extremely reluctant to allow. Weak and nervous governing elites in states lacking coherence will not tolerate their privileges challenged, and constantly hold that it is the very security of the state that is at stake. The violent responses of the government to student challenges more than anything else gained the active few their large followings among the student body in general.
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TOWARD THE ARDUOUS SETTING OF AN URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY IN OUGADOUGOU: WHAT LESSONS TO LEARN FOR AFRICAN CITIES? - Bamas, S (Urban Transport Policy: A Sustainable Development ToolCODATU VIII International Scientific Committee, 1998)
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Can Specialized After-School Programs Impact Delinquent Behavior among African American Youth?. - Barker, Narviar C. (1998)
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Discovering Learners' Perceptions of ESL Classroom Teaching/Learning Activities in a South African Context - Barkhuizen, Gary (TESOL Quarterly, 1998)
Every day, ESL teachers make many decisions in their classrooms about language teaching/learning processes. These include decisions about which activities their learners might possibly enjoy, which are most effective, and which would provide learners with skills that they could use for academic and communicative purposes. The learners, however, are seldom involved in this decision-making process. I argue in this article that they should be. I report on a study that investigated high school ESL learners' perceptions of the language teaching/learning activities they encountered in their classes. Using multimethod, qualitative research procedures, I discovered that the perceptions of these learners often surprised their teachers. I recommend that teachers constantly monitor their learners' perceptions of classroom life. Once they are aware of them, they can, if necessary, plan and implement alternative practices. Finally, I suggest ways in which this can be done.
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Isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) and trace-element geochemistry of volcanics from the Erta'Ale range (Ethiopia) - Barrat, Jean‐Alix; Fourcade, Serge; Jahn, B.M.; Cheminée, J. L.; Capdevila, Ramón Buxó i (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 1998)
The Erta'Ale range is the most important axial volcanic chain of the Afar region. The petrographic diversity of lavas erupted in this area is very important, ranging from magnesian transitional basalts to rhyolites. The variation in isotopic compositions and incompatible element ratios in the basalts (e.g., ϵNd = +4.5 to +7.5, (LaYb)n = 2.5 to 11) demonstrates the heterogeneous character for their mantle sources. Such heterogeneity can be interpreted by the participation of two mantle reservoirs: a depleted MORB and a HIMU OIB-type sources. These reservoirs are indistinguishable from those recently identified in the southern part of the Red Sea region. The isotopic data indicate that the contribution of continental sialic components is not significant in the petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks. Our data further suggest that the crust beneath the Erta'Ale volcanic range is not a thinned (Pan-african?) sialic crust, but could be gabbroic in nature. The acid volcanics have originated mostly through fractional crystallisation of basaltic magmas as revealed from major- and trace-element data and from the relatively homogeneous Sr and Nd isotopic ratios. However, the δ18O variation in the acid lavas suggests an important contribution from a low δ18O component in the petrogenesis of some low δ18O acid lavas.
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Impact of peer education on HIV infection in Zimbabwe. - Bassett, Mary T. (PubMed, 1998)
The Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project (ZAPP) conducted a randomized trial to investigate the effectiveness of peer education in preventing HIV infection. Initial research revealed that if health education could successfully promote a reduction in the number of sex partners and condom use, HIV risk could be greatly reduced. In 1993, ZAPP began enrolling men working at 40 factories in a study. The men were tested for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV every six months and had access to a ZAPP clinic for counseling, testing, and STD treatment. In June 1994, ZAPP randomly chose 20 factories to receive an additional peer education intervention. Educators were trained for a week and were given refresher courses every six months. Comparison of the incidence of HIV between the control and intervention groups was measured by determining incidence for all individuals and by comparing overall incidence at each factory. Of the 2219 men who were HIV negative after the introduction of peer education, 78% completed one follow-up, and HIV incidence was 2.52%/year. Controlling for time enrolled in the program revealed that the peer education resulted in significantly fewer new HIV infections. Because the voluntary testing and counseling were available at factories with control and intervention programs, this study exposed the independent impact of peer education. It is concluded that peer education, condom distribution, and treatment of STDs should be the cornerstone of HIV prevention policies.
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Perspectives of selected African-Americans toward adult education - Batiste-Cade, Martha V. (1998)
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Cigarette smoking behavior among South african Indian high school students. - Bayat, Mahomed; Pillay, Balakrishna; Cassimjee, Mohammed H (PubMed, 1998)
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking behavior (CSB) in a sample of Indian matriculation students.All (N=325) Indian matriculation students, at high schools, in Northern Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice of CSB.The study showed a prevalence of 16.9%. Most smokers (98.2%) had commenced the practice after the age of 10 years. The most common reason given for CSB was experimentation (83.6%). Main influence was family members followed by teachers and advertisements. The association between smoking and lung cancer was well-known by smokers (90.7%). There was very little awareness of anti-smoking programmes or organizations. Alarmingly, there was little formal health education on the dangers of smoking in schools. The implications of these results are discussed and recommendations on decreasing CSB are made.
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Acid mine drainage and pollution: two case histories from South Africa - Bell, F. G.; Bullock, S. E. T.; Geldenhuis, S. (Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications, 1998)
Abstract Different types of waste waters and effluents may be produced as a result of mining. They arise due to the extraction or preparation of the mineral deposit or from the disposal of associated spoil. Generally the major pollutants are suspended solids, dissolved salts or acidity. In the latter case acid mine drainage refers to the oxidation of sulphide minerals, notably pyrite, which are exposed in the mine or are present in the spoil. The primary oxidation products of pyrite are ferric and ferrous sulphates, and sulphuric acid. Two case histories are provided which deal with the problem of acid mine drainage associated with mines in South Africa. The first refers to a tin mine in the Transvaal where acidic waters were produced by heaps of pyrite discard. As the mine was due to close, the problem of possible groundwater pollution due to acid mine drainage had to be investigated as part of the environmental management programme. The second case history involves a coal mine in the Eastern Transvaal which was seeping an appreciable load of acidic effluent and salts into the headwaters of the Vaal River, which is a major source of water to the main industrial conurbation of the country. Investigations which included a study of the history of the site, geology, geophysics, hydrology, hydrogeology and geochemistry succeeded in clarifying the sources of the acidic seepage and the remedial measures that would have the greatest chance of success.
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The Department of Information Studies, University of Natal : its role in education for librarianship in South Africa, 1973-1994. - Bell, Fiona (1998)
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Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies among Moroccan high school teachers - Benmansour, Naima (Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 1998)
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Vocational Education and Training in Zimbabwe: The Role of Private Sector Provision in the Context of Economic Reform - Bennell, Paul (1998)
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Drought and the Zimbabwe Economy, 1980–93 - Benson, Charlotte (1998)
From an economic perspective, drought may be viewed as an exogenous, but internal, supply-side shock which results directly in sharp reductions in agricultural production and reduced export earnings. Meteorological drought may also result in hydrological conditions that have an adverse impact on non-agricultural production, including hydroelectric power generation, human water supply and certain industrial processes. In addition, droughts have potential knock-on effects on non-productive aspects of an economy such as the budget deficit, the rate of inflation, interest rates, availability of credit, levels of savings, and external debt stocks. These direct and indirect impacts and multiplier effects together mean that the economy-wide consequences of a drought shock may be considerable. However, these impacts may be highly differentiated in terms of both their scale and character, partly depending on the economic structure of a country and the nature of intersectoral linkages and resource endowments, as well as on other factors such as the prevailing economic conditions and policy environment.
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The need for a new perspective — creating learning networks for African teachers: change, professional development and ICTs - Berg, Daniel; Vogelaar, J. (1998)
The dynamics of today’s world require a new approach to learning. Rather then tinkering with the current educational practices aimed at improving the situation, we should approach the current crisis of schooling from a completely different perspective. The need to learn how to learn and to provide multichannel learning opportunities through a variety of flexible delivery mechanism forms the basis of the new perspective. How can we teach teachers how to learn? Ongoing professional development through the establishment of collaborative learning networks promises to provide incentives for change not perceived before. An important driving force behind the professional networks is Information and Communication Technologies, around which UNESCO is developing and implementing a project in Africa, with a pilot in Zimbabwe.
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An investigation of African-American male high school students' perceptions of African-American male vice principals as role models - Berry, Bobbie Wilbon (1998)
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Impact of oil pollution on the meiobenthic densities of the littoral of Bizerta (Tunisia) - Beyrem, Hamouda; Aïssa, Patricia (1998)
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Temporal and spatial features of agricultural drought in semi-arid Kenya. - Biamah, E.K; Stroosnijder, L.; Sharma, T. C.; Cherogony, R.K.K. (1998)
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Humans and volcanoes in Australia and New Guinea/Hommes et volcans en Australie et en Nouvelle Guinée - Bindon, Peter; Raynal, Jean-Paul (Quaternaire, 1998)
Les auteurs examinent la question du volcanisme contemporain de la Préhistoire récente d'Australie et de Nouvelle Guinée par le biais des témoignages conservés par la mémoire aborigène sous la forme de mythes d'aquisition du feu.
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Managing Student Learning Environments: A South African Case Study. - Bisschoff, Tom; Potts, Tavis (South African journal of higher education, 1998)
With the increase of students from other than white middle-class families at historically white universities, the existing learning environment is under threat. Transformation towards a new learning environment is, therefore, imminent. This study is aimed at scrutinising this transformation process from the student's point of view, as well as ways in whioh to manage it. Six students at the Rand Afrikaans University will be interviewed. The semi-structured interview protocol is included in Appendix A. The interviews will then be audio,taped, transcribed and analysed. Ultimately, the patterns possibly to be uncovered from this data will be compared to Terenzini's key factors in the transition to university training. The managerial implications for the said university will also be highlighted for a second article, the same qualitative research procedure will be repeated in Australia. The comparison between the two sets of data will, hopefully, help educators to gain a deeper understanding of the learning environment at higher-education institutions, as seen from the student's perspective .
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Cultural Diversity or Cultural Imperialism: Liberal Education in Egypt. - Blanks, David R. (Liberal Education, 1998)
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3. Coping with Cost Recovery in Zambia: a sectoral policy study; Designing the Future Together: PRA and education policy in The Gambia - Booth, David; Kane, Eileen; Bruce, Lawrence; Brun, Mary Oreilly de (1998)
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Language and "Disadvantage" in South African Institutions of Higher Education: Implications of Critical Challenges to Second Language Acquisition Discourses for Academic Development Practitioners. - Boughey, Chrissie (South African journal of higher education, 1998)
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Recognition, Resources, Responsibilities: Using Students' Stories of Family to Renew the South African Social Work Curriculum - Bozalek, Vivienne (1998)
This PhD project aims to demonstrate the importance of giving space to local student voices as forms of subjugated knowledges to inform the curriculum on Family and Child Care. It does so by reflecting upon the process and product of critical autobiographical assignments which social work students at the University of the Western Cape, an historically black university in South Africa, undertake on their own families. In so doing it provides on-the-ground information about students' family circumstances. Social work is purportedly a profession that challenges inequalities and social exclusion. It therefore seems pertinent to examine the issues of privilege, inequality and subjugation in relation to issues of the social work curriculum. The family stories which students wrote in their assignments are analysed in terms of how privileges and disadvantages in relation to race, gender and age have affected students' and family members' ability to flourish as human beings. The students' stories of cultural racism which they and their family members were exposed are analysed as an instance of misrecognition, and stories of institutional racism are analysed from a human capabilities perspective. The responses to these forms of racism by students and their family members are also reported on. Furthermore, gender and generation are examined in terms of the responsibilities that students and their family members undertook to care for each other. Responsibilities include cooking, cleaning, care-giving in relation to dependents, and acquiring resources for family members through paid employment. Students stories revealed that the way in which students and their family members were recognised or misrecognised, and the access they had to resources depended on their gender and generational positioning in the household. The purpose of this study is to examine the insights which emerge from these accounts of privilege and disadvantage in order to renew the social work curriculum. Important areas for consideration in the curriculum which emerge from the analysis of students' stories include questioning the assumed usefulness of systems theories for social work, the inclusion of the concept of (mis)recognition, the human capabilities approach, the political ethics of care, participatory action research, and including students as co-constructors rather than consumers of the curriculum
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Postnatal Changes, Possibly Due to Learning, in the Guinea Pig Cortex - Braitenberg, Valentino; Schüz, Almut (1998)
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A survey of prospective teachers' perceptions of the usefulness of teacher training programmes in Botswana - Brandon, D.B.; Moorad, Fazlur; Bogopa, G.G.; Dambe, Mbakiso (Mosenodi, 1998)
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A survey of prospective teachers' perceptions of the usefulness of teacher training programmes in Botswana - Brandon, Mbakiso R.; Dorothy, B; Moorad; Fazlur, R; Bogopa; Gagoangwe, G; Dambe (Mosenodi, 1998)
This study examines prospective teacher's perceptions of the usefulness of their teacher training programmes before actually going into the classroom setting. This perception is measured against their perception of the programmes after their hands-on experience with teaching. We have also tried to determine whether or not a relationship existed between perceptions of programme usefulness and confidence in one's teaching ability. Using inferential statistics with values determined at .05 level of significance, some findings were distilled. On the basis of the findings, certain recommendations were made.
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A Study to Determine the Influence African-American Male Teachers Have on Improving Academic Success Among African-American Male 4th and 5th Grade Students at Jacox Elementary School - Braswell, Jill (1998)
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School Enrollment Decline in Sub-Saharan Africa: Beyond the Supply Constraint. World Bank Discussion Paper Number 395. - Bredie, Joseph W. B.; Beeharry, Girindre (1998)
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Evaluation of a sustained 7-year health education campaign on leprosy in Rufiji District, Tanzania - Broek, J. Van Den; O'Donoghue, J A; Ishengoma, Angela; Hayashi, Masao; Mbega, Mwalimu Kassimu (Leprosy Review, 1998)
To assess the impact of a 7-year intensive health education campaign about leprosy delivered by workers of the Kindwitwi Leprosy Trust to schoolchildren and general public in Rufiji District. Knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards leprosy were measured in Rufiji and compared to neighbouring Kisarawe District as control. Lessons learned from this analysis may be useful for the planning and evaluating of health education campaigns. Interview of schoolchildren, general public, community leaders, traditional healers and medical staff in both districts. A stratified randomized sampling scheme was used, with stratification for urban and rural settings. A representative sample of schoolchildren, general public, community leaders, traditional healers and medical staff in Rufiji District and in the control area of Kisarawe District was interviewed. The interviews were partly structured and partly open. The results of the interviews were analysed in the context of epidemiological leprosy data from 1985 till 1995, and demographic data of both districts. Data entry and statistical analysis was done using FileMaker Pro, Stata and Excel computer packages. We did not observe positive effects of the health education campaign on the indicators regarding early diagnosis of leprosy with less disability. Leprosy case detection was declining in both districts. We found that the campaign had a favourable impact on the knowledge and the attitude of schoolchildren in Rufiji District. We could demonstrate a relationship between increased knowledge of leprosy and a positive, less stigmatizing attitude. Knowledge of leprosy was better in Rufiji as compared to Kisarawe, but only among schoolchildren. We found indications that low level of education, rural residence, older age, female gender and Moslem religion were associated with stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs towards leprosy. Knowledge about leprosy reactions among medical staff interviewed was not optimal. The exact outcome of the sustained campaign in Rufiji District was difficult to assess because no comparison could be made with the situation prior to the campaign. However, the health education campaign was associated with increased knowledge and diminished tendency to stigmatize leprosy among schoolchildren. Health education campaigns have to be sustained and have to cover a broad sector of the society in order to induce behavioural changes in the community. The focus of health education should be rural communities and schools, and pay special attention to women, religious leaders and traditional healers. Awareness of diagnosis and treatment of leprosy reactions among medical staff should be improved.Kindwitwi Leprosy Trust launched a health education campaign about the signs and symptoms of leprosy and the availability of effective drug treatment in Tanzania's Rufiji District in 1988. To evaluate the impact of this effort, leprosy-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were compared in Rufiji and Kisarawe (control) Districts. A representative sample of 1711 schoolchildren, community members, community leaders, traditional healers, and medical staff was interviewed. Interview results were analyzed in association with epidemiologic data on leprosy in the two districts in 1985-95. The average case detection rate per 10,000 population in 1985-95 was 2.4 in Rufiji and 1.3 in Kisarawe. Leprosy case detection declined over the study period in both districts; however, no downward trend was observed in either district in the proportion of children under 15 years of age and disabled people among new cases detected. The campaign's impact was most pronounced among schoolchildren. Children from Rufiji had higher levels of knowledge about leprosy and less stigmatizing attitudes toward the disease than their counterparts in Kisarawe. Negative attitudes toward people with leprosy were associated with lack of knowledge about leprosy and its transmission, low levels of education, rural residence, older age, female gender, and Moslem religion. Medical staff in both districts were deficient in their awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy reactions. Since baseline data were not available, the effectiveness of the health education campaign could not be quantified.
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Educational Policy and the Choice of Language in Linguistically Complex South African Schools. Formative Decision-Making by Significant Language Professionals and Governing Bodies. Education Policy Unit (Natal) Research Report. - Brown, David (1998)
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African American College Student Retention and the Ecological Psychology of Historically Black Colleges. - Brown, M. Christopher (1998)
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Deafness in Swaziland: a social-cultural study of deafness at the Siteki School for the Deaf - Buchner, Denise (1998)
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[Transition from school to work : the experience of young Tunisian University Graduate] - Cahuzac, Éric; Plassard, J.M. (1998)
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Models and Metaphors: Industrial Education in the United States and South Africa - Campbell, James (1998)
Over the last 15 years, the literature of comparative history has been swelled by a stream of books and articles comparing and contrasting South Africa and the United States. Slavery, segregation, sharecropping, racial ideology, black politics, the relationship of state and capital, the frontier experience, even the historical profession itself have all come under comparative scrutiny, producing a virtual sub-field in South African studies. Indeed, so fashionable has the USA comparison become that some scholars have objected, arguing that South African historians’ preoccupation with American (and, to a lesser extent, European) comparisons, combined with their neglect of seemingly more logical African comparisons, revealed an unwillingness to see their society as part of Africa.1 Others have argued that settler societies such as Israel and Northern Ireland or industrialized societies in the developing world such as Brazil provide more appropriate benchmarks for South Africa than an industrialized superpower like the United States. The sheer differentness of the two societies — the vast difference in scale, the virtual inversion of black-white ratios, the gulf between a democracy predicated on universal suffrage and (until recently) a minority regime would seem to vitiate the USA — South Africa comparison.2
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Fifty Years of Catholic Secondary Schools in Zambia: 1949-1999 - Carmody, Brendan (African Social Research, 1998)
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Medicines for madness : suffering, disability and the identification of enemies in northern Nigeria - Casey, Conerly (1998)
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Maxine Greene's arguments on aesthetic literacy and the imagination in the context of contemporary developments in South African education - Cassidy, Deborah J. (1998)
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Cigarette smoking behavior among South African Indian high school students - Cassimjee, MohammedH; Bayat, Mahomed; Pillay, BasilJ (Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 1998)
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Mission civilisatrice to mandate : the French and education in Syria and Lebanon - Chapman-Adisho, Annette Renée (1998)
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EARLY SCIENCE EXPERIENCES OF NORTHERN SOTHO-SPEAKING SOUTH AFRICAN PUPILS AND THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARDS SCIENCE - Cherian, Lily (Psychological Reports, 1998)
ammonsscientific.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, ammonsscientific.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for!
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RELATION OF SELF-CONCEPT WITH SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS IN SOUTH AFRICA - Cherian, Valsamma (Psychological Reports, 1998)
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The human factor and education content in Zimbabwe - Chombo, Ignatius (1998)
A position paper on how the Zimbabwean educational curriculum should factor in the aspect of the human factor (HF)
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Mozambique Mine Awareness Education Module - Cisr (1998)
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Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention - Clarke, Walter S. (Foreign Affairs, 1998)
Legal Aspects Of Intervention * Failed Visions and Uncertain Mandates in Somalia Walter Clarke. * The Restoration of the Somali Justice System Martin R. Ganzglass. * International Peacebuilding and the Dynamics of Local and National Reconciliation in Somalia Ken Menkhaus. Economic Aspects Of Intervention * Somali Land Resource Issues in Historical Perspective Lee V. Cassanelli. * Humanitarian Relief Intervention in Somalia: The Economics of Chaos Andrew S. Natsios. Military Aspects Of Intervention * The Relationship Between the Military and Humanitarian Organizations in Operation Restore Hope Kevin M. Kennedy. * Foreign Military Intervention in Somalia: The Root Cause of the Shift from UN Peacekeeping to Peacemaking and Its Consequences John Drysdale. * The Experience of European Armies in Operation Restore Hope Grard Prunier. Decisionmaking During Intervention * U.S. Government Decisionmaking Processes During Humanitarian Operations in Somalia James L. Woods. * Relations Between the United States and United Nations in Dealing with Somalia Jonathan T. Howe. * Congress and the Somalia Crisis Harry Johnston and Ted Dagne. Conclusions * Rekindling Hope in UN Humanitarian Intervention Thomas G. Weiss. * The Lessons of Somalia for the Future of U.S. Foreign Policy Robert I. Rotberg. * Somalia and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention W. Clarke and Jeffrey Herbst.
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Interfaces and plasticity : proceedings of the Advanced School Meeting "Dislocations 96" held in Tozeur, Tunisia, October 1996 = Interfaces et plasticité - Clément, N.; Douin, Joël (1998)
Disclocations were introduced into crystal physics, and particularly into the theory of plasticity, in 1934. This volume looks at the influence of dislocations on mechanical properties, in relation with interfaces in mono- or multi-phased materials. This book studies plasticity problems related to interfaces, including diffusion, corrosion, failure, role of interfaces in semi-conductors, superalloys and multi-phased intermetallics. The validity of models and/or simulations have been discussed by lecturers who combined clear definitions of the problems and development of actual researches.
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Democratic principles and education in South Africa - Coetzee, Daniella; Roux, A. Le (1998)
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Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Great Exhibition of 1851, and the School of Oriental and African Studies Library - Colvin, Peter (Libraries & Culture, 1998)
The Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies possesses an interesting collection of early Egyptian printed books in Turkish and Arabic. This paper considers the background to the production of these volumes and the setting up of the first press in Egypt, which was a by-product of the ruler Muhammad Ali Pasha's military ambitions. It traces the history of this particular collection of books which were sent to be exhibited at the Great Exhibition of 1851. It describes the circumstances in which the Egyptian government was invited to participate and the course of this major international event. It follows the progress of the books from the library of the Victoria and Albert Museum to their present home. Some account is also given of the setting up of the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, and it is shown how large collections are built up by such donations.
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Modification of the rainy season in the Atakora mountain region (1961-1990). A drought situation in northwestern Benin - Constant, Houndénou; Hernández, Karel Aldrin Sánchez (1998)
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Quality assurance in higher education : an international survey of current practice and lessons for South Africa - Corneilse, Carol (1998)
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[Annotated bibliography on the recent volcanic eruption on the Ilha do Fogo published in Portugal in 1995 [Cape Verde]] - Costa, F.L. (1998)
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Geomorphological impacts of the volcanic eruption in April 1995 on the Ilha do Fogo (Cape Verde archipelago) - Costa, F.L. (1998)
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Student's Guide to Distance Education in South Africa, 1998. Third Edition. - Craemer, Helmien; Verster, Annetjie (1998)
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Student's Guide to Higher Education in South Africa: With Occupations, Study Opportunities, Bursaries, 1998. Third Edition. - Craemer, Helmien; Verster, Annetjie; Toit, R. Du; Davids, Derek (1998)
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Towards a framework for addressing diverse learners in international, English-medium, print-centred DE : a Zimbabwean case study - Creed, Charlotte (1998)
This study examines an increasingly common distance learning context: where tertiary level and English-medium DE courses are produced, tutored and examined in one country but studied by learners in other countries and who have English as an additional language.Empirical work is drawn from a case-study of agricultural extension officers in disparate parts of Zimbabwe undertaking a professional development course which is produced and mainly tutored in the distant UK. This long-distance cross-cultural writing relationship between academics and students serves as a basis for the examination of difficulties created by taken-for-granted educational practices embedded in the course structure and materials, particularly in relation to language and academic literacy. The study examines contemporary debates around internationalised learning, including cultural and linguistic imperialism and the desirability of locally-produced courses, and provides an insight into black Zimbabwean perspectives on them. It explores a variety of contextual issues including the wider significance of DE in a southern African context, gendered learning patterns, the linguistic repertoire of the students and their academic literacy background. Drawing on grounded theory, discourse analysis, literacy as social practice and genre theories,this overseas research aims to provide the UK course producers with insight into some of the particularities of the Zimbabwean learning context and some of the learning and teaching resources which exists beyond their control and ambit. It is hoped that more multi-faceted image of some of their learners may help course producers consider more closely the differences and commonalities between course participants; it may challenge the normative pedagogy embedded in the course and prompt the producers to consider appropriate responses;it may raise the policy question of how to establish, within an asymmetrical donor-recipient situation, a north-south academic relationship of an emancipatory kind. These aims spring from the conviction that as we move towards globalised educational contexts, dominated by market leaders, significant changes and improvements in educational practice are more likely to come about as a result of an emerging reflexivity on the part of the course producers. Learners and importers of course may not have much influence over such decisions.
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Distance Education: Collaborations in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Cripps, Jeremy; Macray, Victoria L. (Teleteaching, 1998)
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The Thernstrom Fallacy: Why Affirmative Action Is Not Responsible for High Dropout Rates of African-American College Students - Cross, Theodore (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1998)
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Does limited English proficiency impact on schooling success for African learners? : a case study of a secondary school in Durban. - D'amant, Antoinette (1998)
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The provision of non-formal education for human rights in Zimbabwe - D'Engelbronner-Kolff, M. (1998)
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Water scarcity and sustainable agricultural development in the drought-prone semi-arid zone of West Africa - Dabi, Daniel; Anderson, Winston (1998)
This paper considers the potential water availability for sustainable agricultural development in drought-prone areas of West Africa. It provides overviews of hydro-climatological characteristics of the region, land-use practices, and technological development. The first (rainfall, streamflow and groundwater) provides valuable information on water resources availability while the latter two provide the necessary information on human activity and its effect on the environment. Five different conditions responsible for the increasing severity of water scarcity are identified: aridity and intermittent droughts, attributed to climatic change and natural environmental conditions; land degradation; population growth; and weak economic, institutional and technological bases. These conditions are viewed to be mutually inclusive and operating in a form of vicious circle. A survey of human activities from a selected rural area in semi-arid northern Nigeria supports this assertion. It is concluded that within the existing climatic, environmental and human conditions, these areas will experience severe water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural development, and subsequent food and economic insecurity unless stringent water and environmental management strategies are developed. The paper suggests an integrated (multidisciplinary) approach to ensure sustainable agricultural development in the area.
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Introduction of integrated pest management [IPM] on selected vegetable crops by participants of the farmers' field schools in central Sudan - Dąbrowski, Z. T.; Sadabi, N.H.M.; Bedawi, H.M. (Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, 1998)
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Report on training of saw operators, Mozambique - Daigremont, Claude (1998)
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Redressing Drought. Rituals of Rain-Making Among the Guruntun and Mupun People in Nigeria - Danfulani, Umar Habila Dadem; Haruna, Andrew (Africana Marburgensia, 1998)
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English in the Ethiopian modern education (1900-1974) - Daniel, Anne (1998)
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A Clashing of the Soul: John Hope and the Dilemma of African American Leadership and Black Higher Education in the Early Twentieth Century - Davis, Abigail Lynn (1998)
In this definitive biography, historian Leroy Davis examines the conflict inherent in John Hope's attempt to balance his joint roles as college president and national leader. The story of Hope's life illuminates many complexities that vexed African American leaders in a free but segregated society and created what Mordecai Johnson, Howard University's first African American president, called a clashing of the soul.
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Factors Influencing African American Youths' Decisions to Stay in School - Davis, Larry E.; Johnson, Sharon; Miller‐Cribbs, Julie; Cronen, Stephen; Scheuler-Whitaker, Leslie (1998)
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Education, Development and Democracy in South Africa - Deacon, Roger; Parker, Ben (1998)
The Government of National Unity in South Africa has proclaimed that the new system of education, as a key element within the overall Reconstruction and Development Programme, will aim to nurture as well as reflect democracy and development, and build a new nation by laying the basis both for popular participation in local government and public service provision, and for the expansion in skills and infrastructure necessary for economic development. Examining the assumptions which underpin this education-for-democracy-and-development project, the portrayal of which is taking on the fairy-tale if pragmatic proportions of a dialectical realization of popular hopes and dreams, this chapter argues that the undertaking shares the same Enlightenment values that informed its colonial and apartheid predecessors. Simultaneously identical to and different from what came before, it bears with it both positive and negative consequences for social and educational change in South Africa. On the one hand, the rupture of the central racially defined dichotomy of the apartheid era has opened up previously unheard-of opportunities for the majority of the population; on the other hand, diverse new oppositions have emerged, old tensions have resurfaced and multiple realignments have been set in motion. In particular, the evolution and context of implementation of the diverse and often competing education policy formulations at the root of the project suggests not only that democracy has been subordinated to development, but that educational transformation will be influenced as much by its entanglement in political (central/periphery), spatial (rural/urban) and temporal (modern/traditional) tensions as by policy directives.
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Education for Development: Relevance and Implications for the African Context - Dei, George J. Sefa (Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 1998)
ABSTRACT This theoretical paper discusses the challenges of promoting genuine educational reforms and options in Africa. The author presents a discursive critique of the conventional processes for the delivery of education in calling for a re-examination of the fundamental ways in which the structures for teaching, learning and administration of education can serve the needs of local people and communities. Part of the problem of African development is the failure of so-called development initiatives to speak to African realities and conditionalities. Educational change in Africa must connect academic and research scholarship with practical local engagement for a genuinely African-centred development. Specifically, an African-centred development would require that formal and informal educational systems interrogate and use the positive (solution-oriented) aspects of the local cultural resource base of African people fo their contributions to the development process. The task of educational transformation is not only to reform existing curriculum and school pedagogical practices, but also to address the internal problems of gender discrimination, as well as ethnic, regional and class prejudice and alienation that afflict schooling and education in many African communities.
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Predicting academic achievement in African-American middle school students using perceived competence and motivational orientation - DeJohn, Donald (1998)
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Constraints to school enrolment and demand for fee-charging schools in Ethiopia - Demeke, Mulat (Ethiopian journal of development research, 1998)
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Person with a physical disability at the interstices of classification: examples from Africa and the United States - Devlieger, Patrick (1998)
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Quality management in higher education in Mozambique - Dias, Maria da Conceição (1998)
This thesis concerns ideas and practices about quality assurance systems, quality enhancement and performance indicators in higher education. The quality of higher education is important in a country's economic and social development and its enhancement is a major objective of any higher education system. There has been an increasing demand for institutions of higher education to be accountable and make their activities more transparent to their consumers and to society as a whole. Therefore, institutions have become more explicit about their aims and the methods used to achieve such aims. Also, the monitoring of inputs, processes and outcomes of a University has now become widely accepted. The context for the study of quality management in higher education is the 'Eduardo Mondlane' University (UEM) in Mozambique. This thesis aims to analyse the quality assurance procedures currently in existence at 'Eduardo Mondlane' University (UEM), to examine recent and ongoing efforts to build capacity, to consider a range of options for increased efficiency and effectiveness, and to make recommendations for quality management at UEM. Examples of British Universities already engaged in quality assurance initiatives are analysed and their relevance to UEM is discussed. This thesis comprises nine chapters. The first chapter contextualizes the thesis by considering the historical background to Mozambique. Chapters two and three discuss styles and strategies of managing quality, and ways of monitoring the performance of educational institutions. Chapter four examines arrangements in selected U.K. Universities for quality assurance. Chapters five to eight outline the methodology used to collect the research evidence and discuss the main results from the survey research conducted at UEM. Four main aspects of quality assurance at UEM form the focus of the research: the quality assurance of admission procedures, the quality assurance of teaching and learning, the quality assurance of student development and support, and a framework for quality enhancement. The concluding chapter presents a summary of the main findings as well as recommendations for quality enhancement at UEM. A list of performance indicators is provided along with suggestions for further research on quality assurance at UEM
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Art and Craft, Teachers Guide for Lower Primary (P1-P3). Published by Curriculum Steering Committee for Primary Schools in South Sudan, Nairobi, 1998. Co-authored with V. Odula and Kizito Achoka. Nairobi, Pp. 118 - Digolo, O.O (1998)
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The relationship between students' attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics in Swaziland / - Dlamini, Maxwell Sidumo (1998)
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African Higher Education Policy: A Survey of Sub-Saharan Africa: Education and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa - Domatob, Jerry Komia (1998)
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Impressions: African American First-Year Students' Perceptions of a Predominantly White University - Douglas, Katie Branch (Journal of Negro Education, 1998)
This article describes a study of African American first-year students' impressions of a predominantly White public university. Participants (N = 10) were asked to take photographs illustrative of their perceptions of the campus environment and to discuss their photographs in individual and small group interviews. Six themes emerged from these data: the physical beauty of the campus, the immensity of the campus, participants' consciousness of being Black on campus, the influence of Greek-letter organizations, the prevalence of voluntary racial/ethnic separation, and participants' concerns about preparing for their futures. Implications of these findings for collegiate policies and practices are discussed. Recommendations include continuing support for initiatives such as TRIO's Student Support Services program, which promote minority student recruitment and retention. INTRODUCTION Historically, African Americans have been underrepresented as a proportion of the total enrollment of students at institutions of higher education in the United States. Prior to the 1960s, African Americans participated in higher education primarily at institutions known as HBCUs (historically Black colleges and universities) (Blackburn, Gamson, & Peterson, 1978; Fleming, 1984; Willie & Cunnigen, 1981). By the close of the 1960s, the majority of African American students enrolled at institutions of higher education were attending predominantly White colleges and universities (PWCUs) (Fleming, 1984; Willie & Cunnigen, 1981). Today, most African American students continue to attend institutions of higher education where the racial/ ethnic composition of the students, faculty, and staff is predominantly White. Also, most U.S. college and university students, including African Americans, are enrolled at public institutions, or those that are controlled at some level by the government of the state or municipality in which they are located and that receive some financial assistance from that governmental body (Carter & Wilson, 1997; National Center for Education Statistics, 1995). graduation rates of African American students at public PWCUs historically have been and continue to be low when compared to those of White American students (Allen, 1991; Astone & Nunez-Wormack, 1990; Carter & Wilson, 1996,1997; Fleming, 1984; Gose, 1997; Mow & Nettles, 1990; Willie & Cunnigen, 1981). Carter and Wilson (1996) contend that a more than 20% gap in overall college graduation rates exists between Blacks and Whites. Fisk-Skinner and Gaither (1992) report a dropout rate for White undergraduates of 55% compared to 71% for Black undergraduates. majority of U.S. students who leave institutions of higher education have been found to do so during or immediately after their first year of study (Feldman & Newcomb, 1969/1994; Levitz & Noel, 1989; Tinto, 1993). As Tinto notes, The character of one's experience in that [first] year does much to shape subsequent (p. 14). In addition to the underrepresentation of African American students in persistence and graduation at PWCUs, many Black students have reported perceiving the environments of these campuses as unwelcoming, if not hostile or even threatening (Allen, 1991, 1996; Astone & Nunez-Wormack, 1990; Clay & Sherrill, 1991; Crosson, 1988; Dalton, 1991; D'Souza, 1992; Ehrlich, 1990; Fleming, 1984; Green, 1989; Hurtado, 1992; Malaney & Shively, 1995; Mow & Nettles, 1990). Near the end of the 1980s, incidents of campus ethnoviolence, or physically or psychologically harmful acts targeting persons because of characteristics related to their ethnicity or race, began to appear more often in the media (Ehrlich, 1990). Between fall 1986 and the end of 1989, the National Institute Against Prejudice and Violence noted that approximately 250 publicly reported incidents of ethnoviolence took place on U.S. college campuses, with the majority of these incidents involving Black students as their victims (Ehrlich, 1990). …
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Activities of IFIP WG 11.2 (Computer Security Education) & IT related ethics education in Southern Africa - Drevin, Lynette (1998)
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The School-Community Library: A Viable Model for Developing School Libraries in South Africa - Dube, Luyanda (Libri, 1998)
The aim of this study was to establish whether the combination of school-community or public libraries on school premises is a feasible solution to the lack of library services in previously disadvantaged areas. South Africa as a developing country needs to explore alternative arrangements in order to provide and improve information delivery to the multi-cultural and diverse people of the country. Gauld (1987) argues that combined libraries will ensure a more effective use of public money, by providing library service in communities which because of size and remoteness would have little chance of accessing alternative facilities. After a comprehensive review of the literature about experimentation with this model, this study determined the present condition of school libraries in South Africa to find out whether teachers, librarians, and community members would support the establishment of joint-use libraries in schools.
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School Libraries In The Cross River State of Nigeria: An Evaluative Study - Duru, Erdinç (1998)
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A gendered analysis of the casualisation of teachers' work in a transitional society, Durban, South Africa. 1993-4. - Edigheji, Sharon (1998)
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How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs : a step-by-step guide to teach yourself - Ekpo, Akpan H.; Atse, David; Mwega, F. M. (1998)
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Structural Adjustment and Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa - Elbadawi, Ibrahim (1998)
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been affected by very frequent and severe droughts in the form of extreme rainfall variability and almost a secularly declining precipitation in the sizeable arid and semi-arid zones of the sub-continent.2 It is estimated that as much as 60 per cent of SSA is vulnerable to drought and about 30 per cent is considered to be highly vulnerable (Clay, 1995). Because of the heavy dependence on extensive resource utilisation in the context of a technologically poor agriculture and substantially disarticulated economies, the human and socioeconomic impacts of these droughts have been quite substantial. A revealing account of the impacts of recent droughts in SSA is documented by Rasheed (1993): the 1968–1973 drought in the Sahel caused more than 100,000 deaths, the loss of twelve million cattle, large-scale migration of herders and farmers and massive degradation of rangelands … The 1984–1985 severe drought in this zone and other regions claimed over 100,000 lives, caused famine among forty million people, displaced another ten million people and had a negative impact on the economies of many countries. The drought has not spared even the normally rain-bountiful Eastern and Southern African sub-region. The failure of rain in late 1991 and early 1992 caused the food harvest to drop by about half the levels of previous years, necessitated four million tons of food aid, and imports of over $200 million worth of emergency non-food aid, and caused the death of large numbers of livestock and wildlife, power cuts and the closing down of factories.’3
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The development of modern veterinary education and services since 1872 in Egypt - Eldin, Kamal; Fouad, Amr A. (Historia medicinae veterinariae, 1998)
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Pre-service teachers' acceptance of and social interactions with persons with disabilities: the South African scene - Engelbrecht, Petra; Chris, F. (1998)
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First-year business management at the University of South Africa: results of a student survey - Erasmus, B.J. (1998)
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Priority to education: the case of Cameroon - Etoundi, C. (1998)
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Magma Chamber Evolution as Revealed by 226Ra-230Th Disequilibrium at Longonot Volcano, Kenya - Evans, Peter (Mineralogical Magazine, 1998)
The rates at which magmatic processes operate are seldom determined, yet they offer powerful tests of competing physical models of magmatic evolution. U-series disequilibria have the potential to place constraints on the rates of geological processes and highlight significant differences in magmatic timescales. Recent advances in thermal ionisation mass spectrometry have made it possible to detect small variations in 226Ra-23~ disequilibria and here we apply these techniques to a suite of peralkaline trachytes from Longonot volcano in Kenya to evaluate the timescales of closed system magma chamber fractionation. Longonot volcano is situated in central Kenya in the vicinity of Lake Naivasha and has erupted both pyroclastic material and lava flows of almost exclusively trachyte composition for about 10,000 years. The latest phase of activity started around 5650 _+ 120 y BP with the cessation of pyroclastic eruptions and the production of a sequence of trachyte lava flows. The earliest eruptions in this lava pile are mixed peralkaline trachytes and hawaiites and were followed by successive lava flows of peralkaline trachyte which terminated at 3280 _+ 120 y with the eruption of a large (2 km 3) ash horizon. The lava pile stage is estimated to have a total volume of 18-20 km 3 (Scott 1980) of which the main trachyte sequence accounts for 16 km 3. The lava pile shows minimal variation in major elements (61.4-62.2% SiO2) and radiogenic isotopes (average 2~176 19.65 + 0.02, n = 17; 143Nd/144Nd: 0.51262 _+ 1.8 x 10 -5, n = 21). By contrast, incompatible elements increase dramatically (e.g. Th: 12.5-23.6 ppm; Zr: 576-1126 ppm) whereas Ba, which is compatible in sanidine, the major fractionating phase, decreases rapidly from 198-4.7 ppm (Fig. 1). It is well established that Zr behaves as an incompatible element in F-rich silicic peralkaline systems (Leat, 1984), and the strong linear trend shown by Th and Zr can be modeled as the result of-50% closed system sanidine fractionation (DTh ~ Dzr Dna and that it has a value of~12. Fig. 2 shows how the initial 226Ra/Ba ratio is reduced by fractionation if DRa = 12 and consequently how the ages calculated from the measured 226Ra/Ba ratios are likely to be greater than that calculated assuming the linear array represents an isochron. Applying this model to the data from Longonot yields a number of results. Firstly, all the data points now give distinct model ages that are greater then 3 000 y and are therefore consistent with the 14C ages. Secondly, the calculated ages of Ra/Th fractionation decrease as the amount of fractionation increases. Thus the two least evolved samples have ages of -9000 y because they lie close to the equiline,
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Drought and Saving in West Africa: Are Livestock a Buffer Stock? - Fafchamps, Marcel; Udry, Christopher; Czukas, Katherine (Social Science Research Network, 1998)
Households in the west African semi-arid tropics face substantial risk -- an inevitable consequence of engaging in rainfed agriculture in a drought-prone environment. It has long been hypothesized that these households keep livestock as a buffer stock to insulate their consumption from income fluctuations income. This paper tests this hypothesis. Results indicate that livestock transactions play less of a consumption smoothing role than often assumed. Livestock sales compensate for at most thirty percent, and probably closer to twenty percent of income shortfalls due to village-level shocks alone. We discuss possible explanations for these results and suggest directions for future work.
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Marginalized modernity: An ethnographic approach to higher education and social identity at a Moroccan university. - Fahy, Michael (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 1998)
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Time To Move On: African-American and White Parents Set an Agenda for Public Schools. - Farkas, Steve; Johnson, Jean (1998)
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English Teaching in South Africa: Languages, Literacies and Politics. - Farrell, Lesley; Homer, David; Patterson, Annette (English in Australia, 1998)
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Training for African publishers - Fasemore, A. (African Publishing Review, 1998)
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Literacy and Family Planning Education in Rural Ghana. - Fiagbey, Emmanuel D. K. (Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 1998)
This article discusses the viability of the Literacy Learning Approach as a means of promoting literacy and modern contraception in Ghana. The program relies on flip charts that picture ideal family life and include short sentences illustrated pamphlets and colorful posters displayed in strategic sites. The Literacy Learning Program was an innovation that evolved out of a 3-year pilot on mass media support for adult education. The project included a baseline survey of knowledge practice and attitudes and the development of mass media messages. The messages stimulated awareness and knowledge of family planning encouraged positive attitudes toward family planning promoted contraceptive use discouraged teenage pregnancy promoted the education of girls and delaying marriage and informed about sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. Materials were developed to carry the messages: flip charts posters pamphlets radio spots and video plays. The program trained literacy facilitators who would teach literacy educate about fertility reduction and distribute contraceptives. Ghana provides a multi-tiered system of family planning service delivery that ranges from formal structures to community-based distributors. A literacy facilitator who is usually a woman distributes contraceptives and teaches literacy and value orientation in small groups. Facilitators also provide individual counseling. The facilitator is an information broker who is recognized and accepted by the community. Rapport is important for people who do not usually share highly personal information. Refresher training is provided after 6 months. Facilitators receive a supervisory visit monthly. After 15 months of operation there is demonstrated interest in buying contraceptives.
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Helping To Establish a Culture of Learning and Teaching in South Africa. Education Africa Forum. Second Edition. - Fieldgate, Karin (1998)
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A proposed European consortium to assist South African higher education in the development of management and leadership capacity - File, Jonathan M.; Maassen, Peter (1998)
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The new approach to history : a hand book for teachers and students : world, African and Ethiopian history, review & ESLCE questions, answers (from 1983-1990/98), chronological summaries, historical maps, relevant pictures - Firew, Wakene (1998)
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Language and Primary Science Teaching in The Gambia. - Fisher, Sue (Primary Science Review, 1998)
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Karani, F.A. "Relevance of Higher Education: Policies and Practices" in Higher Education in Africa : Achievements. Challenges and Prospects. UNESCO Regional Office (BREDA) BP.3311 Dakar, Senegal. ISBN 92-9091- 072-0 1998. pp 20. - Florida, A Karani (1998)
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Pre-service teacher education for inclusive education in Australia and South Africa - Forlin, Peter; Engelbrecht, Andries P. (South African journal of higher education, 1998)
The education of learners w ith disabilities within regular classes has been promoted in Australian schools for many years. It is only recently, though, that consideration is being given to the need to formalise the pre-service training of general teachers to include compulsory urilts on teaching learners with special needs. As South Africa begins to implement similar educational practices. consideration also needs to be given to the development of appropriate and relevant preservice training courses. This article outlines the first stage of an international collaborative research p(oject between teacher train ing universities in the Western Cape in South Africa and Queensland in Australia. As a pre-cursor to developing new courses at these institutions a survey was undertaken to determine pre-service teachers' level of discomfort in social interactions with people with a disability. This article reports the comparative findings using the Interactions With Disabled Persons Scale (Gething 1991) These research findings will direct the development of future courses at each institution.
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Institutional governance of higher education in transition: A South African perspective - Fourie, Magda (International Journal of Educational Development, 1998)
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Hard Lessons: Primary Schools, Community, and Social Capital in Nigeria - Francis, Paul (1998)
Consultations on access to and the quality of, primary education services were held with stakeholders in fifty-four primary schools and communities in eighteen local government areas across Nigeria. Stakeholders consulted included parents, pupils, teachers and head teachers, community leaders, educational administrators and supervisors. The morale of teachers and pupils was reasonably high. However, multiple constraints on the delivery of primary education services were documented. These include a shortage of classrooms and other facilities, their poor state of repair, and a general lack of books and educational materials. Inadequate teacher motivation and training were other significant factors inhibiting quality. While communities continue to play a central role in the building and maintenance of their primary schools, there was a strong perception amongst parents and others of low and declining standards. The study traces these problems to organizational and administrative weaknesses and inadequate financing. Broader social and economic processes, including changes in attitudes to education and in relations between school and community, are also implicated. Recommendations are made in the areas of community participation, staff conditions and training, infrastructure and facilities, instructional materials, enrollment, and the management and funding of primary education.
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Hard Lessons: Primary Schools, Community, and Social Capital in Nigeria. World Bank Technical Paper No. 420. Africa Region Series. - Francis, Paul (1998)
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Three-Year Survival of One-Surface ART Restorations and Glass-Ionomer Sealants in a School Oral Health Programme in Zimbabwe - Frencken, Jo E.; Makoni, F.; Sithole, W.D.; Hackenitz, E. (Caries Research, 1998)
An oral health care programme in secondary schools using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach for dental caries was started in 1993. Glass ionomer (restorative type II, 1) was used as the restorative and sealant material. Sealants were placed using the 'press-finger' technique. Results after 3 years revealed a survival percentage for one-surface ART restorations of 85.3 (95% CL: 89.7-80.9%), which ranged from 96.1 to 69.3% per operator. Failures were related to 'unacceptable marginal defects' (8.1%), 'falling out' (6.1%) and 'excessive wear' (2.5%). Of the 33 failed one-surface ART restorations, 17 were material-related, 7 had caries and no information was available for 9 restorations. Sealants were placed only on surfaces diagnosed as early enamel lesions and on some small dentinal lesions. After 3 years, 50.1% (95% CL: 55.1-45.1%) of the fully and partially retained sealants survived with a range of 68.5-25.9% per operator. Regardless of the low rate of retention, the sealed surfaces had a 4 times lower chance of developing caries than unsealed surfaces with early enamel lesions over the 3-year period. The retention of sealants and the survival of one-surface ART restorations were influenced by an operator effect. The mean treatment time for one-surface ART restorations without chairside assistance was 22.1 min (range per operator of 19.8-23.6 min), whilst the mean time for placing sealants was 9.3 min (range per operator of 8.2-10.8 min). It is concluded that the ART approach and the use of glass-ionomer sealants have made preventive and restorative dental care available for this student population and further that ART seems to be appropriate for population groups currently not receiving preventive and restorative dental care.
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Gifts of the Nile: ancient Egyptian faience; [... on the occasion of the exhibition Gifts of the Nile - Ancient Egyptian Faience organized by the Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence] - Friedman, Florence M. (1998)
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ASIAN-AMERICAN, EURO-AMERICAN, AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS' UNIVERSAL-DIVERSE ORIENTATION AND PREFERENCES FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOLOGISTS - Fuertes, Jairo N. (Psychological Reports, 1998)
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Provider attitudes toward IUD provision in Zimbabwe: perception of HIV risk and training implications. - Gaffikin, Lynne; Phiri, A; McGrath, John A.; Zinanga, A.; Blumenthal, Paul D. (Advances in Contraception, 1998)
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Determinants of Household School Demand in Ethiopia: A Multivariate Analysis - Gebreseassie, Mulugeta (Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 1998)
A logistic regression model is estimated to assess the role of household, community and regional factors in determining household demand for schooling in Ethiopia. Similarly a canonical Discriminant function, which separates those with the demand and those without, is computed. The strategy first to study primary and secondary school demand separately and then to study the overall school demand. Results of the study showed that location of residence, number of school age persons, education of the head, expenditure (a proxy for income), and mother’s education in years of schooling to be important determinants of household demand for schooling. A separate primary and secondary schooling demand analysis also consistently confirmed the above results, except that returns to education was found positively associated with secondary school demand, while distance to school was negatively associated with both primary and secondary school demand. In general, the results of the study demonstrate the usefulness of applying these techniques to the analysis of inter correlated variables. The techniques proved to be effective to the extent, 75% in Discriminant and 85% in logistic regression, of correctly assigning the cases to their correct groups.
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Culture and mathematics education in (southern) Africa - Gerdes, Paulus (1998)
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An investigation into the micropolitics of the South African Schools Act : a case study of a school in the Western Cape - Ghartey, Seth Baisie (1998)
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The Development Of The School Milk Programme In Kenya. - Gichohi, Karuri Edward. (1998)
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Help Wanted: Building Coalitions Between African-American Student Athletes, High Schools, and the NCAA - Gilmore, Patiste M. (Trotter Review, 1998)
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