The effects of school physical facilities on the processes of education: A qualitative study of Nigerian primary schools - Urwick, James; Junaidu, Sanusi Usman (International Journal of Educational Development, 1991)
On the basis of detailed observation in eight Nigerian primary schools, this study analyses the effects of the quality of physical facilities on the processes of teaching and learning. These processes are seen both as aspects of the quality of education in themselves and as links between school inputs and pupils' achievement. Important educational processes are found to have been strongly influenced by furniture provision, classroom maintenance and other physical inputs. The findings suggest that it would be counterproductive for poor countries to try to provide primary education without the basic technology which richer countries have long taken for granted.
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Ethnomedical Beliefs, Health Education, and Malaria Eradication in Ethiopia - Vecchiato, Norbert L. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1991)
It has been widely recognized that worldwide efforts to eradicate malaria have generally failed because they were largely based on biotechnological interventions while neglecting the human factor. WHO's Primary Health Care orientation emphasized the importance of situating disease eradication programs within the context of the medical beliefs, values, and needs of the target community. This study presents the results of a survey conducted in a rural Southern Ethiopian community on malaria-related beliefs and practices. The findings show that ethnomedical beliefs prevailed in the causational conceptualization of the disease. The majority of the respondents failed to acknowledge the Anopheline mosquitoes as a potential source of ill-health. This lack of vector awareness is discussed in relation to the need for community health education programs. Various organizational and infrastructural innovations introduced by the 1974 Ethiopian Socialist Revolution could be successfully utilized to disseminate basic medical information concerning the malaria cycle and to raise community participation in eradication programs.
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School desk atlases: South African practice and international trends - Vlok, A C (1991)
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An investigation into factors that influence achievement in the English CDSC examination in Swaziland high schools - Wagana, J. (1991)
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Reflective practitioners : a case study in facilitating teacher development in four African primary schools in Cape Town - Walker, Melanie (1991)
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Education of the Christian Clergy in the Cameroon Since 1957: Implications for and Problems in Religious Reconstruction and Nation-Building - Walters, Mbu (1991)
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FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE CAREER DECISION SCALE ON SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS - Watson, Mark (Psychological Reports, 1991)
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The understanding of the operations of addition, multiplication, division, and subtraction amongst high and low ability primary school students in Kenya - Waweru, G.; Koske, James (1991)
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Another approaching storm on the desert. Egypt. - Werner, David (PubMed, 1991)
Examining Egypt's health care crisis, this article discusses the political factors that have led to such a state. Although Egypt possesses considerable resources and receives vast amounts of US foreign aid, the health status of its people is poor. Infant mortality rate stands at 67/1000 live births; the poor nutritional status of children has not improved over the past 10 years; 1/3 of all children are moderately to severely stunted in growth. The author attributes these woeful conditions to the country's political and economic policies. At one time or another, Egypt has allied itself with USSR or the US, and has generally retained only the worst features of socialism and the free market. While operating as a police state, Egypt has moved towards a free market that has led to the concentration of wealth. The author points out how medical care and medical school reflect the political and economic system. The government guarantees free health care for all and a job to all medical school graduates. But doctors now have to wait 7 years to obtain a post. Many have begun practicing private medicine, and many have become corrupt. The author also singles out the country's diarrhea control program as an indication of the impending health care disaster. Though hailed as high successful, the cost has been exceptionally high, and USAID funding will soon cease. Furthermore, mothers have not been taught self-reliance, but have been made to depend on commercially produced oral rehydration packets. Despite the severity of the social problems, Egypt's security forces have so far succeeded in suppressing popular opposition. But the author does detect hopeful signs in the many active progressive groups, and in particular, in the great social accomplishments of the governor of the providence of Ismailia.
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University Library Service Dedicated to Distance Teaching: The University of South Africa Experience - Willemse, John (Library Trends, 1991)
This article discusses the role of the library at the University of South Africa (Unisa), one of the prominent libraries of South Africa in distance education. Unisa is totally devoted to serving off-campus students and has to cope with special conditions peculiar to the South African education environment. The article discusses a variety of services provided by the Unisa library to off-campus users. Identification of the users' library and information needs, and setting of clear objectives as to how the library should meet these needs has been a challenge
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CROSS-CULTURAL CROSS-VALIDATION OF THE JUNIOR EYSENCK PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE AMONG ZIMBABWEAN SCHOOL CHILDREN - Wilson, D. J. (Psychological Reports, 1991)
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Against the odds : the struggle of the Cape African night schools, 1945-1967 - Wilson, Daphne May (1991)
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Mauritius : a case for distance education - Yiptong, Liliane (1991)
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Of lawyers, legal education and professional practice in independent Kenya - Yongo, P. (Nairobi Law Monthly, 1991)
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The needs of handicapped students at an African learning institution: the standard of physically handicapped students at the University of Zambia - Zimba, Roderick F. (1991)
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A climatological study on drought in the semi-arid region of tropical Africa - 篠田, 雅人 (1991)
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2. Response: Establishment of the Egyptian School of Medicine (1990)
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CHAPTER 7. "Modernizing" a Socialist Vision: Education in Tanzania - Carnoy, Martín; Samoff, Joel (1990)
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Training and visit (T&V) extension: a model for Southern Africa - Williams, Juliet; Bembridge, T. J. (South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 1990)
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Providing an Avenue for Individual Enhancement: The Challenge for Vocational-Technical Education and Training in Nigeria. - Khaleel, Ibrahim Adamu (1990)
Nigeria's social and ?conomic conditions at and i ter rndepcndence necessitated changes in educational and employment policy. At independence, in 1960, unification and economic development were necessary to galvanize the country's direction. Control and domination of the economy by foreigners deprived the country of the development of an indigenous labor force. In addition, the education system was not responsive to the country's needs. Changes in the world economy, technology, and politics required Nigerians to be competitive. Nigeria established five efforts to train indigenous workers. The Industrial Training Fund promoted the acquisition of skills. The National Policy on Education stipulated the definitions, aims, and objectives of education. The National Board of Technical Education advised the government on matters concerning education, determined labor needs, established standard skills needed and methods of student assessment, and distributed information. The Structural Adjustment Program increased agricultural production and revived Nigeria's economy. The National Policy on Science and Technology emphasized science and technology in order to transform resources into goods and services. Vocational-technical education and training need to have varying strategies. At the national level, strategies include: (1) quality programs; (2) delivery systems; (3) concept-oriented curriculum; (4) positive image; (5) teacher training; (6) national standards; (7) available funds; and (8) program enhancement. At the international level, strategies include: understanding programs; interaction through conferences, visits, and workshops; and nation building. (16 references and 2 tables are included.) (NLA) Providing an Avenue for Individual Enhancement: The Challenge for Vocational-Technical Education and Training in Nigeria
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Approaches to AIDS education for the grassroots in Nigeria. - Aa, Olukoya (PubMed, 1990)
The most important aspect of reaching people at the grassroots level is to ensure their understanding by using the most appropriate language, and by ensuring that the largely illiterate population will, nevertheless, be well served by print and electronic mass media. The article also emphasizes the need to adapt educational aids to the audience they address, as well as the preference of offering interactive education.Examining previous approaches and his own involvement, the author explains that the most effective methods for communicating the message of AIDS prevention at the grassroots level in Nigeria address the particular needs of the audience and rely on interactive education. Considering that not AIDS cure yet exists, the best hope for controlling the disease is effective health education. In places like Nigeria, where 85.3% of the population is rural, and where 54% of the mean and 77% of the women are illiterate, grassroots education takes an added importance. The author discusses educational efforts that have taken place at Fathers' Club, part of the country's family planning services, and in the market place. From experience like these, the author provides the following conclusions and suggestions: 1) people without access to social services often fail to receive AIDS education; 2) many people speak only their native language, so the conventional approach of using English -- Nigeria's official language -- proves ineffective; 3) educational forums that allow people to raise questions are the most effective; 4) the provision of additional services can help attract people in public places; 5) besides discussing the importance of condom use in AIDS prevention and family planning, a demonstration of correct condom use often makes the talks more interesting; 6) condom accessibility and acceptability can be improved by using clubs and associations as forums for AIDS education; and 7) transferring some of the responsibility of AIDS education to the members of these clubs and associations can help spread the message.
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The palaeomagnetic record of the Santiago volcanics (Republic of Cape Verde); multiphase magnetization and age consideration - Abranches, M.C.; Storetvedt, K.M.; Serralheiro, António Joaquim; Løvlie, Reidar (Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1990)
The palaeomagnetism of the older volcanic complex of Santiago constitutes a multicomponent structure, and magnetomineralogical evidence suggests that the various remanence vectors are carried principally by titanomaghaemites. When viewed in the context of the African palaeomagnetic reference frame the predominant magnetization is consistent with an Upper Tertiary age, but two older magnetizations of inferred Lower Tertiary age are also in evidence. The demonstrable secondary nature of all three palaeomagnetic axes (each of them represented by both polarities) makes it likely that the actual emplacement of the older complex is of pre-Tertiary age, being probably an integral component of the pronounced tectonomagmatic uplift phase that affected the entire northwest African margin in Upper Cretaceous time. The older complex of Santiago can probably be correlated with the igneous core of the neighbouring island of Maio, which apparently formed during Turonian time (∼ 90 Ma ago). Some younger lavas of Upper Miocene age (the Flamengos Formation) show a much simpler palaeomagnetic history than rocks of the older complex, yielding only the Upper Tertiary palaeomagnetic field axis.
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Petroleum engineering education in Nigeria, 1970‐2000 - Agbon, I.S. (Opec Review, 1990)
OPEC ReviewVolume 14, Issue 4 p. 513-523 Petroleum engineering education in Nigeria, 1970-2000 Dr I.S. Agbon, Dr I.S. Agbon The author is from the Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author Dr I.S. Agbon, Dr I.S. Agbon The author is from the Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0076.1990.tb00390.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume14, Issue4December 1990Pages 513-523 RelatedInformation
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Influence of Urban-Rural Upbringing on Nigerian Students' Test Anxiety - Akande, Adebowale (Psychological reports, 1990)
To examine the effects of urban and rural upbringing on test anxiety 221 Nigerian high school students completed measures of test anxiety and environment/academic performance. Analysis showed that younger urban groups scored better than older rural groups in academic performance, rural students having high scores in environment/academic performance scales. The findings corroborate earlier work on urban and rural upbringing and text anxiety. Suggestions for cross-cultural research which incorporates test anxiety and the construct of concentration are detailed.
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The politics of language planning in education in Nigeria - Akinnaso, F. Niyi (WORD, 1990)
(1990). The politics of language planning in education in Nigeria. WORD: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 337-367.
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Self-estimates of sleep in african students in a dry tropical climate - Buguet, Alain; Hankourao, Ousseini; Gati, R. (Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1990)
Sleep behavior was examined in African medical students living in Niamey, Niger (latitude 13° 30' North), a sub-Saharan country in Western Africa. A 12-item questionnaire was used to obtain subjective estimates of sleep duration, structure and quality, and self-rating of the restorative quality of sleep (morale, mood, fatigue, working ability). The experiment was divided into two 7-day periods, January (‘cool-dry’ season, 88 subjects), and May (‘hot-dry’ season, 53 subjects). The questionnaire was completed after night sleep and/or naps. All subjects lived in student quarters, sleeping on their beds, with sheets and/or blankets. They slept an average of 7·5 h a day, most of them having afternoon naps. They experienced no major seasonal variation in their sleep behavior, but for an increased number of awakenings during the hot season. Restorative quality of sleep scored lower after a nap than after nocturnal sleep. Therefore, general sleep characteristics were not modified by seasonal temperature variations in African native students, perhaps because of the limited changes in daylight at the low latitude of Niamey.
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EE education in South Africa - Cloete, Jezreel (IEEE Potentials, 1990)
A brief history of electrical engineering (EE) education in South Africa is given. Current operations are described. The future role of EEs in a postapartheid South Africa is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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The Role of Languages of Minority Groups for Literacy and Education in Africa - Dyken, Julia R. Van (African Studies Review, 1990)
For decades in many African countries, pragmatism and politics have dictated that the choice of language for literacy and primary education should be the colonial languages—French, English or Portuguese. In some settings, certain African languages of wider communication have been selected, including Swahili in Kenya and Tanzania, and Hausa in Nigeria. However, for the vast majority of African languages, educational materials have never been developed. Millions of African children find their first days at school bewildering as they adjust to not only the strange environment of school but also to a teacher who cannot speak their language. In August 1989, a UNESCO seminar was convened in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on the role of languages of minority groups as languages of instruction. This was followed by a consultation on the related challenge to provide grassroots teacher training for mothertongue education. Representatives came from approximately fifteen countries and five continents, with the majority being from within Africa. The stated purpose of the seminar, according to the prospectus, was: to examine the problems posed by the use of Minority Languages in Communication and to make recommendations for their inclusion in language policy and planning, so as to achieve more realistic educational policies and teaching. The seminar is a prelude to activities, proposed by UNESCO for the 1990-1995 period, for the achievement of more realistic and workable Mother Tongue and national language policies and plans in Africa. Many current national policies and plans have failed, wholly or substantially because they have not taken into account the difficult question of the minority languages, difficult because most African countries are heavily multilingual.
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Post‐independence Trends in Education in Zimbabwe - Edwards, Glyn; Tisdell, Clem (South African Journal of economics, 1990)
South African Journal of EconomicsVolume 58, Issue 4 p. 298-307 Post-independence Trends in Education in Zimbabwe GLYN EDWARDS, GLYN EDWARDS Department of Economics, University of New England, Cods Harbour, NSW Australia 2450, Department of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067, respectively. The authors wish to thank three anonymous referees of the Journal for useful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Responsibility for the paper lies with us.Search for more papers by this authorCLEM TISDELL, CLEM TISDELL Department of Economics, University of New England, Cods Harbour, NSW Australia 2450, Department of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067, respectively. The authors wish to thank three anonymous referees of the Journal for useful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Responsibility for the paper lies with us.Search for more papers by this author GLYN EDWARDS, GLYN EDWARDS Department of Economics, University of New England, Cods Harbour, NSW Australia 2450, Department of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067, respectively. The authors wish to thank three anonymous referees of the Journal for useful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Responsibility for the paper lies with us.Search for more papers by this authorCLEM TISDELL, CLEM TISDELL Department of Economics, University of New England, Cods Harbour, NSW Australia 2450, Department of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4067, respectively. The authors wish to thank three anonymous referees of the Journal for useful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Responsibility for the paper lies with us.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1990.tb00957.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume58, Issue4December 1990Pages 298-307 RelatedInformation
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Drought and economic differentiation among Ariaal pastoralists of Kenya - Fratkin, Elliot; Roth, Eric Abella (Human Ecology, 1990)
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Technical education in Sub-Saharan African countries: a review of developments and strategies - Godwin, David (The vocational aspect of education, 1990)
Abstract There is continuing debate about the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of technical and vocational preparation in the context of developing African countries. Attention is increasingly being focussed on the role of secondary schools in providing appropriate technical education for ever larger numbers of school age children. More recent strategies include: prevocational education, education with production and diversified schools programmes. Such initiatives are not without criticism, but alternatives to these, largely indigenous, developments are few, and equally controversial. The intention of these initiatives is to help alleviate critical manpower and unemployment problems, but in the absence of any real support and change outside the education sector success has been limited. Nevertheless, this new vocationalism is seen to be the way forward in technical education, and despite criticism based upon economic cost benefit ratio, there is potential for significant curricular and structural benefits.
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The Chenoua (Algeria) Earthquake of 29 October 1989 - Haddar, Fatiha (Disasters, 1990)
DisastersVolume 14, Issue 4 p. 343-353 The Chenoua (Algeria) Earthquake of 29 October 1989 FATIHA HADDAR, FATIHA HADDAR Department of Architecture Post Graduate Research School Oxford Polytechnic Gipsy Lane Headington Oxford, OX3 OBP UKSearch for more papers by this author FATIHA HADDAR, FATIHA HADDAR Department of Architecture Post Graduate Research School Oxford Polytechnic Gipsy Lane Headington Oxford, OX3 OBP UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01079.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume14, Issue4December 1990Pages 343-353 RelatedInformation
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School, Work and Equity: Educational Reform in Rwanda - Hoben, Susan J. (African studies review, 1990)
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Astigmatism and visual impairment in pterygium: affected eyes in Jos, Nigeria. - Ibechukwu, B. I. (PubMed, 1990)
One hundred and forty one pterygium-affected and 50 control eyes were examined. It was found that in most of the pterygium-affected and control eyes (85.7% and 79.4% respectively) astigmatism was with-the-rule. It was also found that overall the degree of astigmatism was higher in pterygium-affected eyes (Av. 1.56D) than in control eyes (Av. 0.92D). The degree of astigmatism was much higher in recurrent pterygium eyes when considered separately (Av. 1.81D). Visual impairment in both pterygium-affected and control eyes was in most cases due to co-existing organic diseases. In the remaining pterygium eyes without other organic diseases, the visual impairment could not be correlated with the degree of astigmatism (r = 0.547).
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Extending Nutrition Education to Rural Nigerian Families:Concepts and Strategies - Igbedioh, S.O. (The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics, 1990)
Nutrition education is concerned with trying to persuade an individual or a group of people to modify their way of life with a view of improving their health and nutrition by the better use of available resources, both traditional and modern and both man made and natural. It has been acknowledged as one of the most important methods of combating malnutrition, which is common in developing countries.
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[Education and fertility in Mauritania]. - Ignegongba, K (PubMed, 1990)
Data from the 1981 Mauritanian National Fertility Survey (ENMF) were used to analyze the fertility of Mauritanian women according to their ethnic group and educational level. Mauritania's overall rate of school attendance increased from 7% in 1960 to 37% in 1980 and 53% in 1987. In 1987, however, the rate was 63% for boys and 39% for girls. The duration of basic education in Mauritania is 7 years, and classes are held in Arabic or French. Among ENMF respondents, 40.8% never attended school, 55.7% had incomplete primary or Koranic educations, and 3.5% completed the basic cycle. In all probability, far fewer than the 55.7% with basic primary or Koranic education are truly able to read; the most common form of Koranic education is intended to impart religious instruction rather than literacy. 62.6% of Moorish women vs. 52.3% of black African women had attended a modern or Koranic school. 2.6% of Moorish women and 5.2% of black African women had completed the basic cycle. Among the various ethnic groups studied, the proportions who had attended school and who actually knew how to read and write respectively were 62.6% and 26.9% for the Moors, 52.3% and 9.2% for the black Africans as a group, 58.6% and 9.4% for the Toucouleurs and Peulhs, 32.8% and 4.5% for the Soninkas, and 55.4% and 26.8% for the Wolofs. 59.2% of the entire sample had attended school, but only 21.0% were literate. The average interval between marriage and the birth of the 1st child was 26.4 months for the entire sample, 28.2 months for illiterate women, and 21.5 months for women with complete primary or higher educations. Educational level had an effect on fertility within the 1st 5 years of marriage only for black African women, among whom women with complete primary or higher educations had an average of 2.0 children compared to 1.4 for illiterate women and 1.3 for those with incomplete primary or Koranic education. The average number of live births among women aged 40 years or over among Moorish and black African women respectively was 5.7 and 6.6 for illiterate women, 6.0 and 6.3 for those with incomplete primary or Koranic education, and 5.9 and 6.5 for the entire sample. It may be concluded that education is not at this time a significant fertility differential in Mauritania.
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The concept of environmental education and the development of environmental education in South Africa - Irwin, Pat (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 1990)
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Definitions of normal alcohol consumption held by male University of Zimbabwe senior year medical students. - Jm, McMaster; Ek, Kageler; Ha, Williams (PubMed, 1990)
A structured questionnaire designed to assess the definition of the normal, non-problem use of Western type alcohol for the average male and the average female was administered to 40 Black male University of Zimbabwe 4th- and 5th-year medical students. The students' definition of the normal, non-problem use of alcohol was established for the average male and the average female. The students defined it as normal for males to drink significantly more alcohol than females.
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Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization, and Expansion - Kite, Charles Allan (African Studies Review, 1990)
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Management of decentralization of education in Tanzania: Towards the identification of training needs - Lillis, Kevin M. (International review of education, 1990)
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Language Policy and Language Practice: Implementing Multilingual Literacy Education in Ethiopia - McNab, Christine (African studies review, 1990)
Addressing the issue of the extent to which the government of a country poor in economic and human resources for development can put into practice pluralist language policies for education. The discussion is limited to policy and practice in post-revolution Ethiopia, drawing on data collected in the mid-1980s (McNab, 1989). It is also limited to the literacy campaigns which, carried out in fifteen languages, have become a regular feature of the education system since their inauguration in 1979. The term literacy campaign as used in this paper includes the initial, remedial, and post-literacy classes which in Ethiopia are the basis of an integrated approach to literacy education. The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) is a developing country of socialist orientation. The population of Ethiopia is about 45 million. It is one of the poorest countries in the world; in 1984, the estimated GNP per capita was around $110 (World Bank, 1987). The population is predominantly (89 percent) rural, with agriculture accounting for about 50 percent of GDP, 90 percent of exports and 85 percent of employment (World Bank, 1987). Agriculture is the country's main potential resource for development but development is hindered by cycles of drought and famine and by the fighting in Northern Ethiopia and previously also in the Ogaden. Trading is well established, and a small modern sector has developed in the urban areas. There are, however, vast distances, rugged terrain, and wide variations in topography which make internal transport and communications difficult and thereby pose major obstacles to administration and economic development.
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Sexuality education among black South African teenagers: what can reasonably be expected? - Mn, Schoeman (PubMed, 1990)
Incidence rates of teenage pregnancies in South Africa--especially among the black population--poses definite reason for concern. The adverse physical, psychological, social and demographic consequences do not only put the lives of the mother and infant at risk, but also threatens the quality of their lifestyle. Sexuality education is not a panacea for preventing teenage pregnancy, but within a multi-disciplinary approach evidence indicates that it has an important and ameliorative role to play in successful preventive programmes. The practical aspects of the delivery of sexuality education, particularly in comprehensive health clinics in black areas, raises questions regarding the expectations to be attached to such services. A partial answer is provided by a preliminary study conducted in two South African townships. The study highlights some of the issues impeding the effective functioning of sexuality education services in clinics. In order to address some of these problems, the author contends that sexuality education should be synonomous with effective two-way communication. This implies a high degree of co-operation between policy makers, nurses and black teenagers. This link between communication and sexuality education will be referred to as SEC (Sexuality Education as Communication). Within this framework a cognitive-behavioural approach as a four-step process to learning, holds potential to incorporate most of the requirements for SEC. The attitude and ability of the nursing staff is of crucial importance in all four steps, as the SEC model continuously emphasizes the relationship between adolescents and the nursing staff. There is almost universal agreement that the educator is the key element in good programmes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The impact of damming, drought and over‐exploitation on the conservation of marketable fish stocks of the River Benue, Nigeria - Neiland, A.; Goddard, J. P.; Reid, Geraldine (Journal of Fish Biology, 1990)
Journal of Fish BiologyVolume 37, Issue sA p. 203-205 The impact of damming, drought and over-exploitation on the conservation of marketable fish stocks of the River Benue, Nigeria A. E. Neiland, A. E. Neiland Centre for Marine Resource Economics (CEMARE), Portsmouth Polytechnic, PortsmouthSearch for more papers by this authorJ. P. Goddard, J. P. Goddard Pollution Control Office, National Rivers Authority (NRA), GuildfordSearch for more papers by this authorG. McGregor Reid, G. McGregor Reid Horniman Museum and Public Park Trust, Forest Hill, London SE23 3PQ, U.K.Search for more papers by this author A. E. Neiland, A. E. Neiland Centre for Marine Resource Economics (CEMARE), Portsmouth Polytechnic, PortsmouthSearch for more papers by this authorJ. P. Goddard, J. P. Goddard Pollution Control Office, National Rivers Authority (NRA), GuildfordSearch for more papers by this authorG. McGregor Reid, G. McGregor Reid Horniman Museum and Public Park Trust, Forest Hill, London SE23 3PQ, U.K.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05039.xCitations: 6AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume37, IssuesADecember 1990Pages 203-205 RelatedInformation
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Maternal Formal Education and the Four-Child Policy in Nigeria - Opaneye, A A (The journal of the Royal Society of Health, 1990)
A CROSS-SECTIONAL survey was done in the puerperium of 320 mothers who delivered at Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria over a period of three months. The patients were stratified according to their parities in relation to their levels of formal education. The results showed that those with the least formal education were the most parous (p<0.005) and had the highest perinatal deaths. The difference between perinatal deaths suffered by mothers with no formal education and those with post-secondary school education was statistically significant (p<0.05). No association was demonstrated between the level of formal education and the delivery of low birthweight infants. When compared with grandmultiparae (parity ≥5), primipara had more formal education (p<0.005). Therefore, for a successful implementation of the four-child policy in Nigeria, a concerted effort must be made to encourage maternal formal education. This should be to at least secondary school level.
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Drought policy and drought planning in Africa - Oyebande, Lekan (International Journal of Water Resources Development, 1990)
The Sahelian droughts of 1968–73 and 1982–84 and their disastrous consequences compelled the people of Africa to focus on the problem of drought menace. Drought cannot be prevented, but there are possibilities of predicting it to provide the necessary information for early warning and prepardness. Individual countries also need a drought policy which expresses the criteria forming the foundation of governmental actions in drought mitigation and relief. As an offshoot of policy objectives, well‐articulated plans for drought prevention, preparedness and management are also needed by African nations, possibly within the framework provided by the current International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).
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Nationhood and Education in Nigeria: A Case Study of School Inspection in Nigeria as a Means of Increasing Central Government Control. - Palmer, W. P. (1990)
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Planning for the supply and demand of qualified teachers in Uganda - Passi, F.O. (International Review of Education, 1990)
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Microcomputer training for the government of Kenya: The case of the Kenya institute of administration - Peterson, Stephen B. (Information Technology for Development, 1990)
Abstract Enduser computing is rapidly growing in the Kenya Government due to the large number of microcomputers provided by donor organizations. In 1986, the Kenya Institute of Administration (KIA) established a microcomputer training program for government officers and secretaries to develop skills in wordprocessing, spreadsheets, database management, and statistics. This article analyzes prospects for institutionalizing KIA's microcomputer training program by reviewing its initial evolution, present status, and future directions. The article concludes that intensive residential training geared to enduser computing can greatly facilitate access to this technology by government staff and improve government productivity.
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A survey of tinea capitis in primary school children in Harare, Zimbabwe. - Robertson, Valerie; Wright, Stephen (PubMed, 1990)
A survey of the prevalence and appearance of tinea infections and associated dermatophytes in schools in Harare is reported. Of 704 children examined, 29% showed clinical evidence of tinea capitis; of these, 86% had mycological evidence of infection. Dermatophytes were isolated from 69% of all the specimens. The most common was Trichophyton violaceum (78% of the isolates), 9% of the dermatophytes were Microsporum audouinii, and other isolates were T. mentagrophytes, T. yaoundei, M. gypseum and M. canis.
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[Mali: the offer of education disturbed by demographic variables]. - Tounkara, B (PubMed, 1990)
Although educational reforms in 1962 have played a positive role in the socioeconomic and cultural development of Mali, the most recent analyses of the educational system have shown it to be in crisis for reasons both endogenous and exogenous. Huge class sizes, lack of teaching materials, and insufficient training of teachers have affected the quality of education. 80% of Mali's population is illiterate but the rate of school attendance is under 30%. Financial resources devoted to education have not grown as fast as population. The situation is made worse by structural adjustment programs of the past few years that have encouraged the government share of educational expenses to decline and the role of parents and the private sector to increase. The 1987 Demographic and Health Survey showed that Mali's rate of population growth is 2.7%/year. 45% of the population is under 15, amounting to some 3.5 million children. Great efforts are needed just to provide schools and teachers and to maintain the rate of school attendance at its current level of 27%, 1 of the lowest in the world. To attain the goal of 50% school attendance by the year 2000, the number of students beginning primary school should increase by 11.3% per year. But currently the number of students aged 6-11 is actually shrinking by almost 1% per year. At the level of the family, the expenses of school attendance are an important factor in nonattendance. The high annual costs constitute an insurmountable barrier for parents of large families. The loss of children's labor in rural areas is an added cost of schooling. School attendance in Mali is becoming a source and means of social inequality. The seasonal or permanent migration of a large part of the population has also been an obstacle to school attendance. the unavailability of mothers who teach during their 3 months of maternity leave and 2 hours daily break for breast feeding, in addition to absenteeism when their children are sick, is another effect of Mali's rapid population growth. Pregnancies among adolescent students have become common and are a significant cause of school abandonment. A program of population and family life education is badly needed to help alleviate problems in the educational system. It should be developed in both the formal and nonformal educational systems.
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Training as an external support to irrigation development in sub-Saharan Africa. - Carter, R. C.; Burton, M. A.; Smout, Ian K.; Adams, William M. (1990)
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Pityriasis versicolor in school children in Cross River State of Nigeria - Akpata, L. E.; Gugnani, H. C.; Utsalo, S. J. (Mycoses, 1990)
Out of 2,353 primary school children aged 4-16 years in Cross River State of Nigeria examined, 88 (3.7%) showed lesions mycologically proven to be pityriasis versicolor. Incidence was highest (6.3%) in children aged 12-16. Lesions were much more common on the face than on other sites.
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Some Socio-Behavioral Correlates of African Self-Consciousness in African-American College Students - Baldwin, Joseph A.; Brown, Raeford; Rackley, Reginald (Journal of Black Psychology, 1990)
Two stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed on the African self-consciousness (ASC) Scale scores of 219 African-American male and female college students utilizing 36 background and 20 Africentric activity factors as the predictor variables. The results revealed that only a very small number of the two sets of predictors were significantly related to the ASC scores. The background factors of parental membership in predominantly Black organizations, exposure to Black studies courses, and prior experiences with racism/racial prejudice significantly predicted ASC scores and accounted for some 34% of the total variance. The activity factors of attending African cultural activities, reading books about Blacks/ African culture, and giving aid/assistance to other Blacks all during the preceding year predicted ASC scores. This latter group of findings, however, accounted for such a nominal portion of the total variance that they must be considered inconclusive. It was concluded that these findings point toward a potentially promising area of African self-consciousness research, but more rigorous and systematic approaches to measurement development in particular, as well as sampling are needed to enhance this general area of prediction.
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Otitis media and hearing loss in children attending an ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola - Bastos, Inga; Janzon, Lars; Lundgren, Kaj; Reimer, Åke (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 1990)
At the ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola, 110 consecutive cases of children with chronic otitis media (COM) were studied to find out some clinical characteristics regarding age of onset and duration of otorrhea as well as the general state of health of the children. Eighty-five percent of the children had had longstanding otorrhea. In 75% of all the cases ear discharge had started during early childhood. It was possible to institute a simple conservative treatment of COM. Fifty percent returned to the clinic for a follow-up. The majority of the children came from families who lived under fairly good social conditions. One-hundred and five children with sensorineural hearing loss consulted the clinic. Many of them had had their hearing loss for several years before coming to the clinic. The etiology was in 39 cases infectious disease, meningitis being the most common one. Seventy-two percent had severe to profound hearing loss. Children with slight to moderate hearing loss rarely appeared at the clinic. Some of the hearing-handicapped children could be sent to a special school for rehabilitation.
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Attitudes of Zimbabwean Secondary School Students and Teachers Towards Technical Drawing As a School Curriculum Subject - Chinzvimbo, George (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
This is a study of attitudes towards Technical Drawing and the state of Technical Drawing in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools (Form I to Form VI) conducted in November 1988. The purpose of this study was to find out headmasters’, teachers’ (teachers of technical subjects in secondary schools) and secondary school students’ attitudes towards Technical Drawing and to compare them to the state of Technical Drawing in the country. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. The study indicates that attitudes towards Technical Drawing in the schools studied are positive. However, the study also points out that schools face problems, e.g. shortage of books and qualified teachers, which threaten the state of the subject and also attitudes towards the subject. The study also gives some recommendations and suggestions for the improvement of the subject in Zimbabwean schools. Although the results of this study are not representative of the situation in all schools in the country, they at least indicate areas which need some consideration and provide an indication of what may be expected in similar schools. The results should form a basis for future studies.
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The UK education and training system: Some relevant features for a future South Africa - Coetzee, Derrick (Development Southern Africa, 1990)
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The Self-Concept and Career Aspirations of Greek Students in Greece, France, Germany and Egypt - Flouris, George; Vamvoukas, Michael; Kassotakis, Michael (School Psychology International, 1990)
This study sought to investigate the self-concept and career aspirations held by eleventh grade Greek children who were living in France, Germany and Egypt; the attitudes of these children were compared with those held by their counterparts living on the mainland of Greece. No statistical significance was found on self-concept scores among students living on the mainland of Greece and those living in France and Egypt; statistical significance was found, however, among students who lived in Greece and France and their counterparts living in Germany. The level of career aspiration was shown to be relatively high among all groups involved in the study. No statistical significance relation was found between the degree of self-concept and choice of a profession. The 'ethnic minority' factor, by itself, had no negative effects on self-concept of our selected groups. The main determinant of a child's self-concept seems to be his/her immediate family environment.
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Instructional problems constraining the teaching of physical education in Kenyan special primary schools for the physically handicapped - Gathua, S. M. (1990)
A thesis submitted to the department of physical education and games, faculty of education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education of Kenyatta University
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Problematical words and concepts in physics education: a study of Papua New Guinean students' comprehension of non-technical words used in science - Marshall, Stewart; Gilmour, Marion (Physics Education, 1990)
Many of the problems of comprehension experienced by students in physics classes arise not from the technical words used but from the non-technical words used. This paper discusses some of the results of a study conducted in Papua New Guinea on students' comprehension of forty-five non-technical words used in science classes.
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Design Education And The Teaching Of Woodwork At Secondary School Level In Zimbabwe - Nherera, Charles Muchemwa (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
This study investigated the prevalence of problem solving and design approaches in the teaching of Woodwork at Secondary School level. A case study of one secondary school was conducted in 1988, involving over 200 pupils in Forms one and three, and five teachers in the Woodwork department. Questionnaires were the main means of collecting data. Informal methods, which included: interviews, document analysis and observations were also used. It was found that pupils had limited autonomy in practical work. For instance, teachers played the major role in deciding the articles made. Also, pupils could not proceed to a new stage without consulting their teachers. Generally, pupils felt, they were not encouraged to come up with their own ideas although the teachers did not agree to this. The results indicated that teaching was still mainly based on craft approaches. Some characteristics of problem solving and design were also identified in the teaching but they were minimal.
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Home economics teacher quality in Zimbabwean secondary schools - Nkungula, Alice (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
Good health is fundamental to proper, effective and efficient learning and, consequently, to the socio-economic development of any nation. A poorly nourished nation is lethargic, and economically unproductive. In recognition of the part played by health in national development, the Ministry of Education and Culture in Zimbabwe is promoting Food and Nutrition (FN) as one of the subjects of the curriculum in secondary schools. The teaching of FN like any other technical subject demands, apart from..equipment, well trained-and dedicated teachers who are alert to the rapid changes in the world today and are prepared to keep abreast of new developments by updating their own knowledge and skills. This study was undertaken to identify home economics (HE) teacher quality attributes in Zimbabwean secondary schools. Special emphasis was placed on personnel requirements for effective teaching of FN.
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Teacher Quality in Zimbabwe Secondary Schools - Nyagura, Levi (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
This paper presents results from a survey of secondary school teachers in government schools, church schools, and rural day schools about teacher variables that have a positive effect on student achievement. The evidence obtained showed that: (a) A significant number of teachers in Zimbabwe lack professional training, lack longer teaching experience which implies weaker practical instructional skills, and lack adequate formal schooling which is essential for raising verbal skills and subject content competence. In particular, the majority of teachers in rural day schools were under the age of 24 years, had no university education, had no professional training, and lacked experience. (b) Minimal effort was being directed at school, district and regional staff development activities for secondary school teachers to raise the quality of instruction which in turn leads to higher student achievement. (c) The majority of teachers indicated that the time for instruction allocated to their subjects was sufficient (d) Secondary school teachers have made insignificant contributions to curriculum development and innovation. A significant number of teachers reported that the national syllabi were not easy to adapt to school conditions and lacked sufficient guidelines on how to draw classroom implementation documents. (e) Negligible interactions were taking place between schools and the world of work to enhance student learning and to promote transfer of knowledge to real life situations. (f) The majority of teachers expressed great need for in-service training to upgrade their professional and academic skills
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The gulf between medical practice and medical education in the Transvaal, South Africa in the 1920s-1960s. - Schreier, Ann (PubMed, 1990)
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Economic options for a post‐apartheid democratic South Africa: Learning from international experience∗ - Sethi, S. Prakash; Bhalla, Bharat B. (Development Southern Africa, 1990)
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National training of radiotherapists in Sri lanka and Zimbabwe: Priorities and strategies for cancer control in developing countries - Stjernswärd, Jan (International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 1990)
The development of therapy resources should not be done in isolation of other cancer control activities. The right priorities and strategies must be determined in a systematic way, preferably through well-conceived national cancer control programs. If this is not done, it is unlikely that the therapy efforts will have any impact on cancer in the developing countries, as most cancers are incurable when seen for therapy. Therapy efforts must be linked with the search for earlier referral and diagnosis of cancer patients. However even limited resources may have an effect on controlling cancer, provided that the right priorities and strategies are followed. National and regional training facilities with a suitably adapted syllabus in radiotherapy and oncology must be a part of these priorities and strategies. The World Health Organization (WHO) has initiated, in close collaboration with the National Governments, national and regional training courses in radiotherapy and oncology in Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe.
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Agroforestry education and training: an African experience (Agroforestry Systems, 1990)
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Information technology and information training in West Africa - Alemna, A.A. (Information Development, 1990)
The professional training of librarians for information work in West Africa should be viewed from a very broad perspective instead of the parochial orientation to work in library institutions only. Reviews the extent to which information technology has been incorporated into library science courses in the library schools in West Africa. Concludes that there is still too much reliance on traditional academic courses in librarianship. Suggests that library schools should try to keep pace with new technologies to ensure that future information managers will be able to satisfy the information needs of their clientele. This will also enable library school graduates to work in a variety of organizations dealing with the processing and dissemination of information.
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Influence of parental socioeconomic status on casual blood pressures of Nigerian school children - Balogun, Joseph A.; Obajuluwa, Victor A.; Olaogun, Matthew O.B.; Abereoje, Oladehinde K.; Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y.; Adeodu, O O; Balogun, Micheal O. (International Journal of Cardiology, 1990)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parental socioeconomic status on blood pressures of Nigerian school children. The weight, height, blood pressure and heart rate of 807 school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria were measured. The subjects' ages ranged between 8 and 20 years. The subjects were classified into three (lower, middle and upper) groups based on the socioeconomic status of their parents. The findings revealed that parental socioeconomic status has no effect on the systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product and pulse pressure of Nigerian children. We found the 95th centile blood pressure to be 133/92 mm Hg. If the 95th centile is considered the diagnostic criteria for hypertension, then Nigerian children with sustained blood pressure in excess of 133/92 mm Hg should be investigated.
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Education and Adaptation: A Personal Account of African-American Development - Baxter, Anthony G. (Journal of Education, 1990)
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Use of the Library Catalog by Students at Ogun State University, Nigeria - Bilesanmi, S. A. (Library Resources & Technical Services, 1990)
Use of the Library Catalog by Students at Ogun State University, Nigeria The ways in which students make use of the library catalog at Ogun State University, Nigeria, are examined. The extent of student use of the catalog is also assessed. Results indicate that 65 percent of the students make no use of the catalog. Reasons that students fail to make effective use of the catalog are offered. The Ogun State University Library was established in 1983. Though the university is relatively young, the university library has built up a collection of materials in all fields of human endeavor numbering more than 30,000 volumes. The university has its main library and the law library at its Ago-Iwoye campus. It also has two other branches, the Ijebu-Igbo annex library for arts and social management sciences and the medical library at Sagamu. Though each of the branch libraries has its own catalog, the catalog at the main library serves as a union catalog, since records of all materials are kept in the main library. The library often is called the heart or nerve center of a university, and a large amount of money is spent for purchasing books and other library materials. This expenditure is not justified, however, unless the library is fully utilized.[1] The full utilization of library materials is made possible through the use of the catalog, which saves the time of the library users. catalog is usually regarded as an essential key to the library's stock, it has been viewed by some people as a sacred cow. Grose and Line have referred to it as a white elephant.[2] Experts claim that the catalog should show what is available in the library, and where it is shelved, by providing an entry under every likely access point.[3] The extent of the use of library resources depends greatly upon the quality of the library catalog. As Kumar and Kumar put it, A comprehensive enhances the reputation of a library. On the other hand, an incomplete or poor mars the reputation [and] misguides not only users but also reference librarians.[4] Studies have been done in the use of the library catalog both in advanced and developing countries.[5,6] survey was carried out at Cochin University of Science and Technology on the use of the catalog, which revealed that 51 percent of the students who participated in the survey were not consulting the catalog at all.[7] Omoerha, writing on the use of the library catalog by the students of the University of Benin, stated that although the still represents the most reliable guide to the library's stock, there are strong indications that users prefer going straight to the shelves, when the author and title of a book are known.[8] He asserted further that the students seemed to prefer shelf browsing as a search strategy, and once they located a particular book at a point in the shelf they always went there whenever they needed that book or one on a similar subject.[9] Kumar and Kumar, writing on the progress in library cataloging, asserted that even today, we do not know enough as to how users use a catalogue and that studies in depth need to be carried out to determine the approach of users in various types of libraries.[10] The focus of this study was to determine how students make use of the library catalog at Ogun State University. The extent of their use of the catalogs also is assessed. Some reasons for the failure to make effective use of the catalog are offered. The Ogun State Study questionnaire was used to survey student catalog use. Respondents' names were not required to encourage them to give frank and accurate answers. Questionnaires were distributed at the circulation desk. Respondents were expected to fill out the questionnaires and return them to the circulation desk. In all, 250 questionnaires were distributed; 200 were returned, for an 80 percent response. …
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Institutional effects on the psychosocial development of African-American college students. - Cheatham, Harold E.; Slaney, Robert B.; Coleman, Nancy C. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1990)
L'objet de cette recherche est de verifier une idee largement repandue indiquant que le developpement psychosocial et intellectuel des etudiants «africo-americains» est mieux assure par «les institutions collegiales noirs» que par «les institutions collegiales blanches». Realisee aupres de 250 etudiants africo-americains frequentant les 2 types d'institution ayant repondu a des echelles de developpement, d'attitudes identitaires ethniques, de choix de carriere, et a un inventaire de style de vie; l'etude ne semble pas apporter des resultats aussi categorique que le suggere l'idee repandue
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The Politics of Race: Through the Eyes of African-American Teachers - Foster, Michèle (Journal of education (Boston, Mass.), 1990)
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Knowledge of and attitudes towards sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Fako District Cameroon. - Mafany, Ndiva Mongoh; Jk, Mati; Nasah, Boniface T. (PubMed, 1990)
This study examines the level of knowledge, attitude and practice in matters concerning sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among secondary school students in Fako-District, Cameroon. A substantial proportion of the respondents are sexually active and doing so with multiple sexual partners. Although 70% of respondents claimed they knew about STDs, not more than 16.1% of them could name any one common STD and give its signs or symptoms. Knowledge about prevention and complications of STDs was equally poor. The school teacher was the principal source of information followed by magazines/books. Among the respondents who had had an STD, only 8% had consulted in an STD clinic, 13.6 and 15.4% respectively to a Doctor and in Hospital, 43% received no treatment and another 19% had gone to chemist shops. The implication of these results together with the needs of the students are discussed.In Fako district, Cameroon, a self-administered questionnaire was given to 1693 randomly selected students from 10 schools. The findings indicate that although 70.2% knew that disease can be transmitted sexually and 84% were aware that an STDs except AIDS could be cured, only barely 50% in the highest education group could define symptoms. Furthermore, of the 32% having an STD, 43% received no treatment, and 19.2% had gone to a chemist, where untrained medical staff without proper laboratory facilities provided treatment. The reason for this alarming situation is the lack of correct information on STDs, the lack of facilities and staff where adolescents can receive compassion and understanding, and maybe victimization by staff and parents. Since the school teacher was identified as the primary source of information, it is suggested that sex education or family life education be addressed in schools with an emphasis on the nature of infection, transmission, symptoms, and available treatment facilities for STDs.
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Attitudes of Nigerian College Students toward Marital Roles - Nwachukwu, Francis J. (Psychological Reports, 1990)
The study investigated sex differences in attitudes toward marriage roles. Analysis indicated that the 50 men had a more traditional view of marriage roles than the 52 women. The men tended to be authoritarian while the women tended to have a more egalitarian attitude. A comparison of urban and rural influences yielded significant differences on authority and fidelity in marriage.
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Special curricular themes for library education in Nigeria - Nwakoby, Martina A (International Library Review, 1990)
AbstractThe Nigerian society has cultural and social differences from those of people in developed countries from which educational programmes and practices have been borrowed. The differences are reflected in the peculiarities in the majority of Nigerian citizens’ need for educational and informational services in libraries. In responding to these peculiar needs of a people whose majority has had no tradition of using books, the librarian who administers their needs may require education and training which must differ in content from the conventional library programmes as currently borrowed from developed countries.Core courses for the training of librarians who are expected to provide information which may not be recorded in print form, have been suggested for preparing these librarians for the kind of service that would sustain the interest and appreciation of their clientele in the use of libraries. The selected courses, based on the culture and structure of the people, will involve the production of literacy resources, information gathering and dissemination for non-literates, book publishing to conform with local demands and public relations activities which would ensure the social relevance of the library school programmes to the needs of the society.
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Oxygen-isotope zonation of agates from Karoo volcanics of the Skeleton Coast, Namibia: Discussion and Reply - Saunders, James A.; Harris, Chris (American Mineralogist, 1990)
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Adult African-American Females Learn Cooperatively - Schaefer, Nora; Falciglia, Grace; Collins, Roger (Journal of Nutrition Education, 1990)
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Filial responsibility expectations of Nigerian and Indian University students - Togonu‐Bickersteth, Funmi; Akinnawo, Ebenezer Olutope (Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 1990)
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Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines and Desertification in West Africa - Wallach, Bret; Mortimore, Michael (Geographical Review, 1990)
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Advanced level physics performance among Uganda students as a function of ordinary level physics and mathematics performance - Wamakote, Leonard (1990)
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Initiation Rites as a Vehicle for Religious Education with Particular Reference to Male Circumcision among the Bamasaba of Mount Elgon in Uganda - Wotsuna, John Placidus Khamalwa (1990)
This thesis aims at showing how the initiationrites (imbalu) of the Bamasaba of Mount Elgon (Mount Masaba) in Uganda, can be employed as a vehicle in the noble work of propagating Christian Religious Education. The Bamasaba practise the circumcision of boys between the ages of about fourteen years to about eighteen years. These rites are permeated with music, dance and drama, and they are pervade by symbolism, sacrifices, prayers, invocations and rituals. While the exercise of circumcision is an operation taking between one and three minutes at the most, initiation is a process which takes months prior and subsequent to circumcision.
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African Rains Foretell Stronger Hurricanes - Monastersky, R. (Science News, 1990)
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Strong Association Between West African Rainfall and U.S. Landfall of Intense Hurricanes - Gray, William M. (Science, 1990)
Intense hurricanes occurred much more frequently during the period spanning the late 1940s through the late 1960s than during the 1970s and 1980s, except for 1988 and 1989. Seasonal and multidecadal variations of intense hurricane activity are closely linked to seasonal and multidecadal variations of summer rainfall amounts in the Western Sahel region of West Africa. The multidecadal nature of West African precipitation variations and their association with variations of intense Atlantic hurricane activity can be observed in data going back nearly a century. The apparent recent breaking of the 18-year Sahel drought during 1988 and 1989 suggests that the incidence of intense hurricanes making landfall on the U.S. coast and in the Caribbean basin will likely increase during the 1990s and early years of the 21st century to levels of activity notably greater than were observed during the 1970s and 1980s.
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AIDS Education in Rural Uganda—A Way Forward - Anderson, Leticia; Bainbridge, James; Shah, Ami M.; el-Jassar, P; Schofield, Gillian; Hd, Brook; Kapila, Mukesh (International Journal of STD & AIDS, 1990)
A survey of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related knowledge and attitudes was conducted during July and August 1988 in rural SW Uganda. The aim was to assess the impact of Uganda's AIDS education programme and to consider how future programmes could be more effectively implemented. Four hundred and seventy-six individuals aged 12–45 years were selected by a quota method, to form a sample stratified by age and sex. Mass AIDS education has successfully raised levels of knowledge but misconceptions persist. However, it has failed, firstly, to stress the urgency of AIDS as a personal issue, and secondly, to change negative attitudes toward people with AIDS: 57% would avoid or stigmatise an individual with AIDS. Unexpectedly findings show that a correlation exists ( P<0.05) between high levels of ‘correct’ beliefs and negative attitudes toward people with AIDS. To achieve future behavioural and attitude changes, possible ways forward for Ugandan AIDS education include involvement of HIV carriers in education, small-scale targetted approaches developed by active participation of the target group and through role playing of people with AIDS.
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[In Tunisia: description of a health education program based on socio-cultural realities]. - Aubel, Judi; Mansour, Mohamed; Azlouk, Z (PubMed, 1990)
Structured within the framework of the National Programme for the Fight Against Diarrhoea in Tunisia, (PNLAD) the goal of the LAD Project is to improve the understanding and in-home treatment of diarrhoea by mothers. The programme consists of three elements: education of the mothers through health centers and preschool institutions, training of health care and social workers, and a mass media campaign. This article discusses the education programme for mothers through preschool institutions. Before embarking on its education programme, the project team conducted a preliminary study in order to establish what level of knowledge of diarrhoea existed among the general population and what current treatment methods were used. The study consisted of small discussion groups composed of mothers, grandmothers, and fathers. In evaluating current notions regarding diarrhoea, the study noted the various vocabulary used and its meaning for both diarrhoea and dehydration. It also examined the general beliefs of what caused diarrhoea and what people believed would cure and/or prevent the disease. As far as treatment methods were concerned, it was important to understand the origins of the various remedies, the level of awareness of the formal and informal health channels that existed and the different kinds of treatment based on diet, mother's milk, liquids, saline/sugar solutions and medication. The second key aspect of the programme concerned the kind of educational materials and teaching methods used. Both had to be geared towards the teaching of adults while insuring a real exchange of knowledge and experience between the population and the development personnel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Aristotle, alive and well in Papua New Guinea science classrooms - Boeha, Beno (Physics Education, 1990)
National High School students from Papua New Guinea were interviewed about two situations; the results of their Aristotle-like views regarding `forced' and `natural' motion are presented and discussed.
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Congenital cleft deformities in rivers state of nigeria: Is there any association with environmental pollution? - Drainer, Ian K. (Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1990)
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Birth defects: traditional explanations of causation recalled by medical and dental students in Papua New Guinea at the commencement of their preclinical education. - Dryden, Richard (PubMed, 1990)
Three intakes of medical and dental students to the University of Papua New Guinea were asked to recall traditional explanations of the causes of birth defects. Of 71 students who responded to the questionnaire 56% were from Papua New Guinea. The explanations were grouped into the principal categories of supernatural (39%), environmental (37%) and genetic (14%). The dominant themes were punishment, wrong foods, genetic faults, breaking of taboos, spirits, injuries, drugs, sexual misdemeanours, sorcery and illness. Health workers who counsel parents of babies with birth defects should bear these beliefs in mind and try to reconcile them with scientific explanations for birth defects, particularly as the aetiology of most defects is still unknown.
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A Pilot Study of World View of Black and White South African Adolescent Pupils: Implications for Cross-Cultural Counselling - Hickson, Joyce; Christie, Grania; Shmukler, Diana (South African Journal of Psychology, 1990)
Research on cross-cultural counselling and psychotherapy began to receive emphasis in the 1970s in the United States. In South Africa the need to devise relevant help for the majority black population and to contextualize psychological services is being increasingly addressed in the literature. In the present study differences in world view between black and white South African adolescent pupils ( n = 200) were investigated. The use of a scale to assess world view across culture indicated significant differences in black and white adolescent pupils’ world view in the areas of Human Nature, Human Relationships, People-Nature, Time Orientation, and Activity. The effect of age and sex on individual variation in scores within groups was also investigated. The implications of the findings of the study for cross-cultural counselling are discussed as well as recommendations for further research using the World View Scale.
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Gender differences and achievement in integrated science among junior secondary science students: A Nigerian study - Jegede, Olugbemiro J.; Inyang, Nsendu (International Review of Education, 1990)
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Promoting Academic Excellence of African-American Students: Issues and Strategies - Logan, Sadye L. M. (Educational considerations, 1990)
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Drought over Zimbabwe in a regional and global context - Matarira, C. H. (International Journal of Climatology, 1990)
Abstract This study attempts to identify meteorological conditions that lead to dry and wet episodes over Zimbabwe. Correlation analyses are carried out between the Southern Oscillation Index and rainfall over south‐eastern central Africa. The results show significant correlation between the Southern Oscillation (SO) and seasonal rainfall over the region. The results also indicate that the SO signal is stronger over the south‐east of Zimbabwe and along the coastal areas of Mozambique. El NiñTo events seem to be associated with below normal rainfall over Zimbabwe, while cold events, which are the opposite extreme of the SO, are accompanied by above average rainfall. Three‐month seasonal (December–February) deviations of 1000–mbar temperature, surface pressure, and the 500‐mbar geopotential height from the long‐term mean are analysed during wet and drought years. The anomaly pressure gradient force is directed towards the subcontinent during wet periods and towards the ocean area during dry episodes. A similar pattern is observed at the 500‐mbar level. A comparison of wet and dry seasons in relation to the temperature anomaly field points to an association between warmer 1000‐mbar surface temperatures around the African subcontinent and above normal seasonal rainfall. Correlation analysis shows that a high incidence of tropical cyclones in the Mozambique Channel is associated with below normal rainfall over Zimbabwe.
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Bridging the gap between education and industry expectations in Africa - Mazzoni, Omar S. (IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 1990)
The problem of developing, at the university level, an approach that is not only responsive to regional problems, but also keeps abreast of changes in technology, is discussed. It is stressed that successful development of industry depends on the availability of a competent engineering workforce. The relationship between industry and universities in Africa is examined in the context of meeting both of these needs. The obstacles particular to Africa are identified, and ways to overcome them are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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La Ruralisation de l'enseignement fondamental au Mali: Des techniques et des activites pratiques (Ruralization of Basic Education in Mali: Practical Techniques and Activities). - McCabe, Michael; Fafaran, Keita (1990)
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Incorporating the Development of African-American Students into Psychosocial Theories of Student Development. - McEwen, Marylu K. (1990)
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Orientation for African-American Students at a Small, Liberal Arts College - McNeil, Ogretta V. (NACADA Journal, 1990)
A three-day program was designed to assist African-American students in their transition to a small, liberal arts college in New England. Although the students admitted in previous years had met the usual predictive criteria for success in college (e.g., good academic preparation and above average SAT scores), their retention rate at the end of the first year had been significantly lower than that for their class. All entering students were invited to participate. Participation was voluntary. The first two years 74% of entering African-American students participated; the third year 85% participated. The goals of the program were (a) to familiarize students with the workings of the college, (b) to allow students an opportunity to meet significant members of the college community, (c) to assist students in adapting to the academic demands of the classroom, and (d) to give students a chance to feel comfortable in the new environment. The retention rate for African-American students for all three years was 96%, similar to the overall rate for their classes.
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The impact of rapid population growth and economic decline on the quality of education: the case of Zambia - Musambachime, Mwelwa C. (Review of African Political Economy, 1990)
Precisely because Zambians were so educationally disadvantaged during the colonial period, the provision of schooling was given high priority by the post‐independence government. Education was seen as a right, as one of the fruits of independence, as well as a means by which the skills necessary to promote development could be imparted. While enormous strides were made, enormous difficulties were also encountered. As Musambachime notes, high rates of population growth necessarily put pressure on educational budgets. But while Zambia shares this problem with many other developing countries, its difficulties have been exacerbated by the particularly extreme economic crisis the country has suffered. The consequence has been a worrying decline in the quality of education provided and in the proportion of the student population served.
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Swaziland: Perspectives in School Health - Myeni, Annie D.; McGrath, Edmund J. (Journal of School Health, 1990)
ABSTRACT: Following major quantitative expansions of the educational system in Swaziland during the two decades since independence, the focus has shifted to improving efficiency. Efficiency of any educational system depends mainly on the characteristics of children entering school. Although Swaziland is not among the poorest countries, infant child mortality rates still reflect less than optimum living conditions and parental knowledge of child nutrition and disease prevention and management. Although access to primary schooling is universal, there is substantial waste during the early years of school through dropout and repetition, both associated with low socioeconomic status. School performance can be increased at little extra cost through increasing the nutrition and health status of students before school entry and through the early school years. In Swaziland, many activities are carried out to provide physical and mental health care to students. Coordinating these efforts and formulating clear policy on school health through cooperation among key ministries and nongovernmental organizations remains to be done.
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Sugar consumption in 5 and 12-year-old school children in Ondo State, Nigeria in 1985. - Oo, Olojugba; Ma, Lennon (PubMed, 1990)
In a previous study (Olojugba & Lennon, 1987) of 5 and 12-year-old children residing in Ondo State, Nigeria, it was shown that caries had increased (1977 to 1983) in children of both age groups in higher social class families; caries had also increased in the 12-year-old children but not in those aged 5 year olds among lower social class families. The object of the present study was to examine sugar consumption in samples of children of the same age groups drawn from the same population. One hundred families with siblings in both age groups were selected. 24-hour dietary records were obtained for each child; an inventory was also made of all food and drink stored within the home. The 5-year-old children from the higher social class families had 5.9 sugar intakes, as against 1.5 intakes among their lower social class urban counterparts. All the sugar-containing items were consumed by the 5-year-old children at home. The difference in the frequency of intake among those aged 12 years was much less obvious, 4.9 and 4.2 intakes respectively. Sixty-eight per cent of the intakes among the lower social class 12-year-old children was in the form of cheap sugar-containing drinks, ice lollies and sweets which they bought themselves and consumed away from home. These cheap sources of sugar were not available to their younger siblings. It was concluded that the sugar consumption patterns recorded in the children, and confirmed by the household food inventory, provided a plausible explanation of the previously reported changes in caries severity.
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Selective education: issues of gender, class and ideology in Northern Nigeria - Pittin, Renée Ilene (Review of African Political Economy, 1990)
A series of policy initiatives have been put forward in Nigeria over the last two decades aimed at expanding its educational system. But while numbers enroled have increased, gender and class differentials persist. Females have always been represented in smaller numbers than have males and have tended to be disproportionately drawn from the more privileged elements of society. This has broadly accorded with ideologies justifying a primarily domestic role for women which, in the case of Katsina in northern Nigeria, have emanated both from the secular state and the religious authorities. Pittin examines the latest policy initiative, a directive that females at secondary level would be educated only in boarding schools. While suggesting that it is likely to perpetuate and even exacerbate the women's relatively disadvantaged position as regards education, she also argues that it offers certain benefits. Moreover, because promulgated as consistent with Islamic morality, precisely at a time when greater legitimacy is being accorded to women's education by elements of the Muslim community, and Islamic schools are themselves permitting some questioning of previously accepted notions of women's role, it may offer space for some improvement of women's situation.
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Strains and stresses in the Zimbabwean education system: an interview with Fay Chung, minister of education and culture - Sachikonye, Lloyd (Review of African Political Economy, 1990)
(1990). Strains and stresses in the Zimbabwean education system: an interview with Fay Chung, minister of education and culture. Review of African Political Economy: Vol. 17, No. 48, pp. 76-81.
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Possessed and dispossessed youth: Spirit possession of school children in Northwest Madagascar - Sharp, Lesley A. (Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 1990)
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Colloquium on Pastoral Economies in Africa and Long Term Responses to Drought African Studies Group, University of Aberdeen, 9–10 April 1990 - Stone, Jeffrey C. (Disasters, 1990)
DisastersVolume 14, Issue 3 p. 270-273 Colloquium on Pastoral Economies in Africa and Long Term Responses to Drought African Studies Group, University of Aberdeen, 9–10 April 1990 JEFFREY C. STONE, JEFFREY C. STONE African Studies Group University of Aberdeen The Old Brewery Taylor Building Old Aberdeen, AB9 2UB UKSearch for more papers by this author JEFFREY C. STONE, JEFFREY C. STONE African Studies Group University of Aberdeen The Old Brewery Taylor Building Old Aberdeen, AB9 2UB UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1990.tb01070.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume14, Issue3September 1990Pages 270-273 RelatedInformation
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The impact of apartheid on women's education in South Africa - Unterhalter, Elaine (Review of African Political Economy, 1990)
While the proportions of their age group in school at primary, secondary and tertiary levels is quite high for black South Africans, relative to the situation in other African states, they face an authoritarian education system which is still riven by inequality. The expansion of education for all groups has formed part of the strategy of the government both to create skills needed for the economy and, through limited individual improvement, to stave off black discontent. That the policy has had inherent contradictions is evident from the widespread disruption in black schools which has characterised recent years. But it is important to note also that even where opportunities have increased, they have been unequally distributed throughout the population. In particular South Africa suffers, as do so many other countries, from gender inequality in education. Black women suffer doubly, by virtue of race and of gender. This article examines the dimensions of that inequality at different levels and in respect of different population groups.
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Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines and Desertification in West Africa - Vermeer, Donald E.; Mortimore, Michael (African studies review, 1990)
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African-American Parents: A New Partnership with Higher Education - Wright, Doris J. (Educational Considerations, 1990)
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[Larval stages of the filaria Mansonella (Dipetalonema) perstans in a student from Africa]. - Lapková, E.; Rubík, I.; Vanista, J; Tesařová, J (PubMed, 1990)
Microfilariae were found in blood samples of a 32 year-old-student from Guinea-Bissau (Africa). Based on parasite morphology as well as some other features the microfilariae were identified as Mansonella perstans. The course of infection was asymptomatic (except for slight urticarial skin lesions). The microfilariae disappeared from peripheral blood after mebendazole treatment (200 mg daily for 1 month).
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Training agricultural teachers in Africa: the French-Cameroonian experience. - Maragnani, A. (1990)
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The vocational rehabilitation programme in Kenya: An examination of its effectiveness as an agency providing training and employment for disabled persons - Ayodo, Theodore Mordecai Osano (1990)
A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Educational Administration, Planning and Curriculum Development in the Faculty of Education at Kenyatta University. July, 1990
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An Appraisal of Health Education in the Primary Schools in Kenya - Archer, Patricia A (1990)
Project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Science in Management and Organizational Development (MOD Thesis).
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Educating Africans for Inferiority under British Rule: Bo School in Sierra Leone - Corby, Richard A. (Comparative Education Review, 1990)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFocus on the Legacy of British Colonialism in AfricaEducating Africans for Inferiority under British Rule: Bo School in Sierra LeoneRichard A. CorbyRichard A. Corby Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 34, Number 3Aug., 1990 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446950 Views: 32Total views on this site Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Andrew E. Barnes Christianity and Vocational Education in Africa, (Jun 2020): 151–183.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38277-3_7Mitsuko Matsumoto Technical and vocational education and training and marginalised youths in post-conflict Sierra Leone: Trainees’ experiences and capacity to aspire, Research in Comparative and International Education 13, no.44 (Oct 2018): 534–550.https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499918807024Raphael Frankfurter, Mara Kardas-Nelson, Adia Benton, Mohamed Bailor Barrie, Yusupha Dibba, Paul Farmer, Eugene T. Richardson Indirect rule redux: the political economy of diamond mining and its relation to the Ebola outbreak in Kono District, Sierra Leone, Review of African Political Economy 45, no.158158 (Mar 2019): 522–540.https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2018.1547188Kabba E. Colley Teacher Education in Anglophone West Africa: Does Policy Match Practice?, (Oct 2014): 201–233.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920140000025015Felicity Jensz Missionaries and Indigenous Education in the 19th-Century British Empire. Part I: Church-State Relations and Indigenous Actions and Reactions, History Compass 10, no.44 (Apr 2012): 294–305.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2012.00839.xHolly Elisabeth Hanson Indigenous Adaptation: Uganda's Village Schools, ca. 1880–1937 Hanson, Comparative Education Review 54, no.22 (Jul 2015): 155–174.https://doi.org/10.1086/651932Christopher B. Meek, Joshua Y. Meek The History and Devolution of Education in South Africa, (Jan 2008): 506–537.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2652-1_22Margaret Zoller Booth Education for Liberation or Domestication? Female Education in Colonial Swaziland, (Jan 2002): 174–187.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523418_15Daphne W. Ntiri Africa's educational dilemma: Roadblocks to universal literacy for social integration and change, International Review of Education 39, no.55 (Sep 1993): 357–372.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261588
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A strategy for graduate training in economics for Africans - Fine, Jeffrey C. (1990)
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Black children at school, Johannesburg, South Africa - Gubb, Louise (1990)
Poor black education at an informal (squatter) settlement outside Johannesburg. Children sat on the floor, or on bricks as stools, due to a lack of facilities, South Africa, August 1990.
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The Role of the South African Government in Tertiary Education. John Dreijmanis - Herman, Harold (Comparative Education Review, 1990)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThe Role of the South African Government in Tertiary Education. John Dreijmanis Harold D. HermanHarold D. Herman Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 34, Number 3Aug., 1990 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446964 Views: 4Total views on this site Copyright 1990 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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Intelligence as a Function of Conservatism among White South African Students - Katz, Yaacov J. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1990)
This study examined the relationship between general conservatism and components of intelligence in a White South African student sample. The results indicated no significant difference for full-scale IQ as measured by the South African Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) between subjects who achieved higher or lower scores on the conservatism variables. However, those subjects who had more conservative scores on measures of sociopolitical attitudes and traditionalism achieved higher scores on the block design and digit symbols subtests of the scale. A similar pattern emerged for performance IQ, with those with more conservative scores on the measure of traditionalism achieving higher scores than the less conservative subjects. In addition, disordinal interactions emerged when the relationship between the significant variables underlying conservatism and scores on the South African WAIS was examined.
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Training and developing health services administrators in Zimbabwe. - McNaught, Allan (PubMed, 1990)
An article by Stephen Thornton in "Hospital and Health Services Review" in 1984 ended with a challenge to the unwary: "Could we as members of a highly developed profession in the United Kingdom assist our colleagues in Zimbabwe to acquire the necessary skills to become a thriving profession in a health care system so clearly modelled on our own?" Allan McNaught found himself in a situation where he was able to take up the challenge. This article outlines his experience in Zimbabwe, over 1987-1989, developing a local training programme for health services administrators. His work was undertaken as part of the World Bank funded "Family Health Project". His formal contract of employment was held by the British Overseas Development Administration, which contributed to most of the Project's "Management Strengthening Component".
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Botswana. Guidance and Counseling. Training of Guidance Practitioners. Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project. - Rollin, Stephen A. (1990)
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Use of psychoactive substances among male secondary school pupils in Egypt: a study on a nationwide representative sample - Soueif, M.I.; Youssuf, G.S.; Taha, Haitham; Moneim, H.A.; Sree, O.A.; Badr, Karim; Salakawi, M.; Yunis, Feisal A. (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1990)
The present work is part of a series of epidemiological studies the main aim of which is to shed light on the extent and patterns of the use of substances among various sectors of the Egyptian population. A standardized questionnaire with established item re-take reliabilities was administered to 14,656 male secondary school pupils constituting a 4% representative sample of the whole population of Egyptian secondary school boys. Demographic and drug-related findings are discussed. Among the reported results the following are deemed of special interest: (1) Percentages of arts students who smoke tobacco, ever use prescription psychotropic substances, narcotics and alcohol consistently exceed their counterparts studying science and mathematics. (2) Ages of onset for the whole menu of substances range between 12 and 16 years. (3) Those among the experimenters who admitted continuing to take drugs ranged between 8% (for alcohol) and 21.41% (for synthetic drugs). (4) Significantly more urban than rural students smoke tobacco, and try cannabis and alcoholic beverages. (5) There is a strong association between exposure to drug culture and drug taking, confirming what we repeatedly reported previously. (6) More users than non-users tend to see drug consumption as either harmless or even useful. (7) Differentiation should be made between vulnerable and non-vulnerable non-users. Vulnerable non-users share with actual users a number of components of a common "drug ideology". (8) There are very significant correlations between drug taking and various aspects of misconduct verging on delinquency.
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[Adolescent fertility in the Gambia. Education and declining age at marriage, two limiting factors]. - Tt, Kane (PubMed, 1990)
In Gambia, more than 50% of the population is less than 20 years old. Adolescent fertility comprises 15% of total fertility. It is linked with certain health problems and socioeconomic problems. Adolescent fertility contributes to population growth and can influence socioeconomic development and the level of mortality risks among reproductive age women and their children. In 1983, the total fertility rate for Gambia was 6.4 births per woman compared to 6.5 in 1973. In the urban areas of Banjul and Kombo St. Mary Districts, it was 5.5 and 5.6, respectively. In Gambia overall, women have on average one child during adolescence. In metropolitan Banjul, 61% of all sexually active women and 37% of all sexually active single women had a child during adolescence. 40% of married girls aged 14-15 have been pregnant at least once. Based on the 1983 census, fertility among 15-19 year olds in metropolitan Banjul was 148 births/1000 women. In 1973, it was 199/1000 nationwide. The 1986-1987 fertility survey found their fertility to be 113/1000 based on registered births. Increase of the mean marriage age, higher educational level, and more contraceptive use in metropolitan Banjul may explain the decline in adolescent fertility here. 23% of women aged 15-19 in metropolitan Banjul were married in 1987 compared to 30% in 1983 and 53% for all Gambia in 1987. During 1986-1987, 83% of unschooled 19 year old females in greater Banjul were married compared to 13% of same-aged females with at least 7 years of education. In all of Gambia in 1983, women aged 15-19 with primary education had a fertility rate more than two times greater than that of same-aged women with superior education (220 vs. 103/1000). Adolescent fertility can limit education possibilities and darken economic perspectives. As societies continue to develop and modernize, it will be important to survey adolescent fertility and its socioeconomic and health impact on all youth as well as on the rest of society.
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The Development of Higher Education and Social Change: An Ethiopian Experience. African Series 2. - Wagaw, Teshome G. (1990)
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Attitudes of white South African students towards the married working woman - Wyngaard, Arnau van (South African Journal Of Sociology, 1990)
Abstract Although a vast body of literature exists on working women and married working women, in particular, very little research has been done on the attitudes of young unmarrieds towards the married working woman. The aim was to determine the attitudes of white South African students towards the married working woman. Factor analysis was used to develop a set of scales that would measure the students' attitudes. Two major aspects were measured: (a) the students' orientation towards the married working woman; and (b) the students' perception of parental attitudes towards the married working woman. The sample was drawn from the student population of two Afrikaans universities. The results of the data analysis indicated that the main influence on the students' orientation to the married working woman was their perception of parental attitudes towards a married working woman.
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The future of library and information science education in Ghana - Alemna, A.A. (Education for Information, 1990)
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The politics of workers’ education in Zambia - Alexander, David (International journal of lifelong education, 1990)
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The politics of workers’ education in Zambia - Alexander, David (International journal of lifelong education, 1990)
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Can Education of the Community Help Sleeping Sickness Control: A Study from Cameroon - Asonganyi, Tazoacha; Aseaku, P A; Nasah, Dorothy M; Lantum, Daniel Noni (Tropical Doctor, 1990)
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Education with production in Zimbabwe: an evaluation of teachers’ and pupils’ attitudes and perceptions - Chivore, B. R. S. (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1990)
(1990). Education with production in Zimbabwe: an evaluation of teachers’ and pupils’ attitudes and perceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Education: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 201-218.
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The Economics of Education: Evaluation of the Determinants of Primary School Peformance in Cameroon. - Edokut, T.; Umo, J. U.; Ubogu, Rowell (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
The educational sector of Cameroon has continuously absorbed a substantial proportion of government’s budgets since independence. For example, between 1975 and 1985 government budgetary allocations to Education rose from FCFA 8,600 million to about FCFA 50,541 million (1 US$ = 300 FCFA) which is an increase of 588 per cent during the decade. According to UNESCO (1984), government budgetary allocation to education in 1975 represented about 22.7% of current government expenditure while that of 1984 was about 23.2%. Coupled with these high budgetary allocations is the increasing demand for education especially at the primary school level, as evidenced by increased enrollments over the years.
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Pilot study of injured patients seen in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Elechi, Edwin N; Etawo, S.U. (Injury, 1990)
A 12-month pilot study of injured patients seen in the Emergency Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was carried out. Trauma (28.8 per cent) was the main reason for emergency visits; 82.1 per cent of the patients were under 31 years of age. Domestic accidents were the commonest cause of trauma (42.5 per cent), followed by criminally motivated injuries (30.4 per cent), road traffic accidents (26.0 per cent), industrial (0.5 per cent) and other accidents (0.6 per cent). The overall mortality rate due to trauma was 5.4 per cent and within the period of study, trauma was the most common cause of deaths in hospital (10.1 per cent). Road traffic accidents were responsible for 67.9 per cent of these deaths, followed by criminally motivated injuries (16.1 per cent). Domestic, industrial and boat accidents caused 7.6 per cent, 5.4 per cent and 3.1 per cent deaths, respectively. Injury Severity Scores (ISS) among 419 patients showed a 100 per cent mortality for those with scores above 35. There were 48 prehospital, 19 emergency room and 14 in-hospital deaths among patients with an ISS below 35. The deaths resulted largely from delayed transportation of victims to the hospital and partly from inadequate emergency medical services. To reduce the current high rate of preventable deaths from injury, we recommend (i) ambulance services for early transportation of victims to the hospital and (ii) improved emergency medical care.
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A retrospective study of malaria and malnutrition in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. - Ezedinachi, E. N. U.; Gc, Ejezie (PubMed, 1990)
Morbidity and mortality due to malaria and marasmic kwashiorkor were determined from hospital records in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital over five years. Malaria was found to be a significant cause of morbidity but was responsible for only 3.5% of the deaths that occurred during the period. This represents 0.3% of all infant deaths and 2.0% of deaths in children aged 1-4 years. The percentage of malaria deaths, 4.4% (1983), 5.2% (1984), 3.0% (1985) and 1.9% (1986), respectively showed a downward trend but went up again to 2.8% (1987), probably due to the treatment failures ascribed to chloroquine in the area. Malnutrition on the other hand, resulted in 174 deaths as opposed to 42 deaths due to malaria in children under six years of age. More of these deaths due to malnutrition (40.8%) occurred in children aged 2-3 years, just as the case with malaria (33.3%). 20.7% of these deaths occurred in infants. These results suggest that the pride of place, as a number one killer, goes to malnutrition while malaria is a serious cause of morbidity.
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Age and anthropometric status of Nigerian girls at puberty: implication for the introduction of sex education into secondary schools. - Fakeye, O; Fagbule, D (PubMed, 1990)
Age, height and weight at various stages of pubertal development were assessed in a cross-sectional survey of 1054 schoolgirls living in Ilorin, Nigeria. The first sign of puberty; breast bud and pubic hair development appeared at mean age (year) 12.7 +/- 1.0 and 12.8 +/- 0.9 respectively, and reached full maturational stage at mean age (year) 14.7 +/- 1.3 and 14.4 +/- 1.4 respectively. The mean age, height and weight at which the intermediate stages are reached were given. Cumulative proportion of girls that have attained menarche at each pubertal stage were derived. Median age of menarche calculated by status quo method was 13.6 years. In general, about 50% of girls in each stage of pubic hair development were at corresponding stage of breast development. Only about 75% of girls have full axillary hair growth at Tanner stage--5 of breast and pubic hair development, Longitudinal data to assess growth spurt and peak height velocity are suggested. Introduction of sex education into secondary school classes represented by the pubertal age group is advocated.
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Training for change in the Ugandan Civil Service - Jacobs, Colin (Public Administration and Development, 1990)
Public Administration and DevelopmentVolume 10, Issue 3 p. 315-330 Article Training for change in the Ugandan Civil Service Colin Jacobs, Colin Jacobs The Management, Administration and Social Sciences Unit of the British Council, 10 Spring Gardens, London SW1A 2BNSearch for more papers by this author Colin Jacobs, Colin Jacobs The Management, Administration and Social Sciences Unit of the British Council, 10 Spring Gardens, London SW1A 2BNSearch for more papers by this author First published: July/September 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230100307Citations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Floate, N. and Mackinson, I., Senior Management Programme for Ugandan Officials: Background Objectives and Contents, TETOC Report T3049, British Council, 1988. Glentworth, G, Uganda Public Administration Training and Institutional Development Programme (PATID), Aide Memoire, British Council internal document, 1988. Jacobs, C. P., An Impact Assessment of the First Senior Management Programme for Ugandan Officials, Report 3308, British Council, 1989. Jones, M., ‘ Management Education and Training: A Discussion Paper for a Seminar on the Analysis and Development of African Public Administration’, Second Lindingo Meeting, June 1988. Citing Literature Volume10, Issue3July/September 1990Pages 315-330 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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The political economy of inequality : poverty, drought and aid programmes in Botswana, c. 1982 - 1988 - Lyons, Stephen (1990)
Botswana's pattern of economic growth during its first two decades of Independence has been hailed by many economists as representing a model for successful development in Sub-Saharan Africa. From the 1970s the development of the diamond industry provided the main impetus to this economic growth, and allowed the government to make rapid improvements in the provision of rural health care, primary education, and water supplies. However, despite these improvements to the rural infrastructure little has been achieved in stimulating or even maintaining rural incomes and levels of employment. The nutritional status and economic well-being of a substantial proportion of the rural population remains precarious, especially during periods of drought. This thesis argues that the present structure of economic development serves to preserve and intensify these existing patterns of inequality rather than allay them. The first two sections of the thesis are concerned with the political economy of the country, and the nature and spatial distribution of rural poverty. I argue that the key to an understanding of this rural poverty lies in the changing socio-economic role of livestock over the last fifty years, and the emergence of new class structures based on the ownership of cattle. A growing exclusivity in the control of water sources and grazing, encouraged during the colonial period amongst the tribal elite, led to a growing inequality in income and assets and the breakdown of traditional redistributive mechanisms in the rural economy. It was this privileged and educated tribal elite, now largely divested of its tribal and kinship obligations, that gained political power on Independence, and which now forms collectively the largest group of livestock owners in the country. With access to lucrative overseas markets, what had emerged as a growing contradiction between the private ownership of herds and the continued communal tenure of grazing land, is now being resolved by sweeping changes to the structure of land tenure. Whereas water borehole syndicates in the past had had (theoretically at least) an open membership and did. not preclude the grazing of smaller herds, the new land tenure policies now promise an exclusive control over water and grazing on fenced ranches. The existence of these ranches now threaten the very subsistence base of many marginal groups. An assessment of the government's commitment to tackling the problems of rural poverty can, be derived from a study of its own welfare programmes. The third section of the thesis is concerned with the nature and effectiveness of the food aid and labour based relief programmes over the period 1982-88. Whilst these programmes have averted widespread starvation, they have done little to protect or restore the productive assets of the poor. Rather they have served to mask the structural nature of rural poverty and inequality and left the process of privatisation of the commons to continue unchallen g ed. In some cases they have also failed to achieve the more modest objective of alleviating malnutrition: an analysis of relief food distribution for the period reveals serious shortfalls to those marginal groups most at risk. The final chapter summarises the main findings of the thesis and concludes that the fundamental issue of unequal access to productive assets such as cattle, grazing and water remains unresolved, reflecting the low priority afforded by the political elite to the plight of the poor. Without seeking to be prescriptive, it argues for a radical departure from the present pattern of economic development to one based upon a more equal access to productive assets.
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High Frequency Earthquakes Occurring outside the Western Rift Valley of Africa - Ndontoni, Zana; Horiuchi, Shigeki; Murakami, Eiju; Takagi, Akio (The science reports of the Tohoku University, 1990)
The telemetering array network installed at Lwiro was used to observe the seismic activity in on area near the Lake Kivu. The results show that high seismic activity exists both inside and outside the Rift Valley. The outside seisms exhibit higher predominent frequencies of P-waves ,than inside ones. Higher Q values are also observed outside the Rift Valley
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Wilderness, wildlife, and conservation education in Botswana Africa: a personal journey. - Passineau, J.F. (1990)
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Geology, geochemistry and mineralisation of the Erongo Volcanic Complex, Namibia - Pirajno, Franco (South African Journal of Geology, 1990)
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A response to Maarschalk's criticism of “innovation in South African education (part 1): Science teaching observed” - Rogan, John M. (Science Education, 1990)
Science EducationVolume 74, Issue 4 p. 503-505 Comments And CriticismsFree Access A response to Maarschalk's criticism of “innovation in South African education (part 1): Science teaching observed” John M. Rogan, John M. Rogan Western Montana College of the University of Montana, Dillon, MT 59725Search for more papers by this author John M. Rogan, John M. Rogan Western Montana College of the University of Montana, Dillon, MT 59725Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730740410AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume74, Issue4July 1990Pages 503-505 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Training psychiatrists for work in the East of Africa - Tantam, Digby (Psychiatric Bulletin, 1990)
There is growing interest in this country in developing training programmes suitable for overseas psychiatrists. The motive is partly one of self-interest. The implementation of current Government policy means that many departments will look to overseas visitors to fill their registrar positions in excess of their career registrar allocation.
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Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines and Desertification in West Africa - Warren, Andrew; Mortimore, Michael (The Geographical Journal, 1990)
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Education and employment of the blind in Zimbabwe, 1981-1987 - Zvobgo, Chengetai J. M. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1990)
The National Disability Survey of Zimbabwe which was conducted by the Department of Social Welfare in conjunction with UNICEF from 19th October to 23rd December, 1981 revealed inter alia that: (a) Zimbabwe has a total of 276 300 people with severe disabilities of various types; (Government Printer, 1982, p.30) (b) Of those disabled people of or above school-going age,, 52% had never attended school; 17% had been to school for less than two years; 28% had been to school for up to seven years and only a minute fraction of 1% had progressed to or beyond secondary school; (Government Printer 1982 p. 32) (c) the highest single type of disability encountered was that of eye sight with a minimum of 70 000 visually-impaired people of whom 22 700 are totally blind (Government Printer, 1982, p. 30.) and 10 000 are of school-going age (Government Printer, 1982, p. 42).
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Wanted and Needed African-American Teachers. - Posey, Josephine M.; Sullivan, Otha Richard (1990)
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Education and government control in Zimbabwe: a study of the Commissions of inquiry, 1908-1974 (Choice Reviews Online, 1990)
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The ‘Ibadan School’ and the Handling of Federal Finance in Nigeria - Adebayo, Akanmu (Journal of Modern African studies (Print), 1990)
The term ‘Ibadan School’ is used here in two senses, locational and generic, and refers to studies on, and students of, federal finance that have employed a distinctive approach. Some of the most dominant figures in this group are (or used to be) on the staff of the University of Ibadan, and when it was decided after independence in 1960 that Nigerians themselves should handle the recurrent problems of federal finance, the task fall on the laps of a number of western-trained, liberal, and orthodox economists.
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Secondary School Teachers' Knowledge and Views about Drug Abuse in Ogun State, Nigeria—A Pilot Survey - Adelekan, Moruf L.; Ogunlesi, Gboyega O.; Akindele, Olabode M. (Journal of Drug Education, 1990)
The views and knowledge level of 135 randomly selected secondary school teachers in the Abeokuta Local Government Area of Ogun State in Nigeria on drug abuse were sought through a self-report anonymous questionnaire. The respondents were mostly male (59.3%) under the age of thirty years (89.6%). The majority (59.3%) were never exposed to drug education as students while less than 20 percent have been exposed since qualifying as teachers. Although the majority had a good concept of the definition of drug abuse, their views on the potential drugs of abuse and the concept of “drug dependence” were inadequate. Eighty-five and nine-tenths percent chose “guidance counselling” as the approach to the management of student drug abusers despite the dearth of this professional cadre in the schools. The authors gave suggestions on the pattern and content of teacher-targeted formal drug education program in light of the findings.
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Factors affecting teaching history in senior secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. - Agiro, Teshome (1990)
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The attitude of teachers and school administrators to health education in Nigerian high schools. - Ak, Fabiyi (PubMed, 1990)
The Oyo State in Nigeria a researcher collected information on the attitudes of 600 secondary school teachers and 120 administrators about health education in secondary schools. He randomly selected 20 schools each from rural areas medium sized towns and from Ibadan. In 1982 750 high schools operated in Oyo State with 3500 faculty who could teach health education and 1500 administrators. Even though neither the Government of Nigeria nor Oyo State required health instruction all of the teachers and 93.8% of the administrators considered health education to be important and should be an integral part of the curriculum. 80% of the teachers and 68.7% of the administrators believed their schools were adequately teaching health education. Yet no school has health as a separate subject. Further 60% of the teachers and 56.2% of the administrators believed that health education resources in their schools to be inadequate. In addition 22.2% of the teachers and 39.1% of the administrators claimed that their schools curriculum did not include health at all. On the other hand 53.7% of the teachers and 47.8% of the administrators reported that health education has been integrated into other subject areas such as science or social studies. Most of the teachers addressed health issues in the classroom as the occasion demands. Education planners would use these data to develop comprehensive health education programs for high school students. To assist other countries with inadequate health education requirements the researcher recommended that studies should 1st be conducted to determine the current status of health education then develop a comprehensive health education curriculum by using a committee made up of health teachers provide effective academic training and inservice training and develop available and effective teaching aids.
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Causes of childhood blindness in Southern Ghana. - Blind School Survey. - Akafo, Stephen; Hagan, Maria (1990)
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Competition with One's Self against others as a Motive for Effort among Nigerian High School Students - Akande, Adebowale (Psychological Reports, 1990)
Competition is, in fact, so widely used as a motive for effort among children at home, in school and in informal educational groups that we should review any justification for it offered by literature. A number of srudies on the effect of competition with oneself and others as facilitator in the classroom upon effort and learning show that, whether in Nigeria or other countries, among preschool, grade school, secondary school or postsecondary school students competition and rivalry produce increased effort and speed of accomplishment. However, competition can lead to improvements in quantity of performance but may lessen quality (Rudow & Hautaluoma, 1975). This study examined the effects of two instructional conditions of competition, plus a noncompetition control condition with 12 classroom groups totaling 316 secondary school students. Each competition or control condition was induced by instructions into two classes. Each class was given either a coding or an arithmetic task to obtain measures of (a) quantity of production, (b) quality or errors in performance, and (c) anxiety experienced by the subjects. Among the conditions, competition with others, required the subjects to perform a task at their normal pace and then asked them to identdy the best performance in class by a show of hands. On a second trial at the same task, instructions were given to try to best the highest quantitative score in the class. On Trial 1, a public announcement of scores was not required in the competition-with-self condition, but on Trial 2 the subjects were requited to perform their best without regard to others' performances. For the purposes of reliability, the control condition provided an estimate of test and retest. Analysis of covariance indicated that competing with others and competing with one's self led to greater quantity of work than not competing (p<.001 on coding and arithmetic). This supports Rudow and Hautaluoma's (1975) similar study of American subjects. The competition-with-others score and competition-with-self score were not significantly different. While testing for quality of performance, competition with others led to significantly more errors than either the control condition or competition with self (p<.01). Anxietylphobia scores were not significant differences across conditions. Rudow and Hautaluoma's (1975) observations are supported, namely, If quality of production is important, and one wishes to use competition, it may be advantageous to schedule competition with a person's own best performance rather than competition with others. It appears that, if errors are not to be considered, competition and rivalty seem to lead to better performance than conditions that encourage noncompetitiveness. Cross-cultural work would allow generalisations of findings.
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Nutritional Status, Migration, Mortality, and Measles Vaccine Coverage During the 1983-1985 Drought Period: Timbuktu, Mali - Carnell, Mary A.; Guyon, A (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1990)
Mali was affected by the drought across the Sahel in 1983-1985. The present study describes the demographic and nutritional status in the Timbuktu region in May 1985, and contributes to the little data available for Mali during this period; malnutrition rates are compared to two other drought affected areas in the Sahel. Sixty cluster samples were selected by proportional sampling methodology; thirty children less than 110 cm were selected in each cluster, to approximate children 'under 5 years'. Among the 1798 children 'under 5 years' studied, 28 per cent had weight-for-height less than -2 SD of the NCHS median. A total of 8291 persons were included in the demographic study. Nineteen per cent of the region's population emigrated during the year prior to the study; 40 per cent of all adult males were involved in this emigration. The annual Crude Mortality Rate was 39 per 1000 population. Measles vaccination coverage was 47 per cent based on vaccination card and 60 per cent based on history and card among children 12 months to 5 years of age.
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Traditional Adult Education in Kenya: Some Thoughts for Today's World - Cassara, Beverly B.; Reche, George N. (Adult Learning, 1990)
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Reaching African-American Students in the Classroom - Collett, Jonathan (To improve the academy, 1990)
To Improve the AcademyVolume 9, Issue 1 p. 177-188 Section V: Diversity: Addressing the “…isms” of the '90s Reaching African-American Students in the Classroom Jonathan Collett, Jonathan Collett State University of New York/College at Old WestburySearch for more papers by this author Jonathan Collett, Jonathan Collett State University of New York/College at Old WestburySearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-4822.1990.tb00174.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Anderson, J.A. (1988). Cognitive styles and multicultural populations. Journal of Teacher Education, 39(1), 2– 9. Blake, J.H. (1989, April). Diversity and liberal education. Address to conference, Faculty vitality into the nineties:Cultural diversity, sponsored by the Office of Teaching Effectiveness, SUNY at Buffalo, NY. Condon, J.C. (1986). The ethnocentric classroom. In J.M. Civikly (Ed.), Communicating in college classrooms (pp. 11– 20). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cross, K.P. (1976). Accent on learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Delpit, L. (1988). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people's children. Harvard Educational Review, 58(3), 280– 298. Elbow, P. (1986). Embracing contraries: Explorations in teaching and learning. New York: Oxford. Epps, E.G. (1980). The impact of school desegregation on aspirations, self-concepts, and other aspects of personality. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology ( 2nd ed., pp. 231– 243). New York: Harper & Row. Exum, H. (1979). Human relations for black students. In N. Colangelo, C. H. Foxley, & D. Dustin (Eds.), Multicultural, nonsexist education: A human relations approach (pp. 156– 166). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. Fleming, J. (1981). Special needs of blacks and other minorities. In A. Chickering & Associates, The modern American college: Responding to the new realities of diverse students and a changing society (pp. 279– 295). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fleming, J. (1984). Blacks in college. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gordon, E. (1988). Background statement. Report of the New York State Board of Regents' Panel on Learning Styles. Albany, NY: New York State Board of Regents. Hodgkinson, H. L. (1985). All one system: Demographics of education—Kindergarten through graduate school. Washington, DC: Institute for Educational Leadership, Inc. Kochman, T. (1981). Black and white styles in conflict. Chicago: University of Chicago. Maher, F. (1985). Classroom pedagogy and the new scholarship on women. In M. Culley & C. Portuges (Eds.), Gendered subjects: The dynamics of feminist teaching (pp. 29– 48). Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. National Center for Education Statistics. (1989). Digest of education statistics (ED Publication No. 1.113:). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Oakes, J. (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven: Yale. Richardson, R.C., Simmons, H., & de los Santos, A.G. (1987). Graduating minority students. Change, 19(3), 20– 27. Serrano, B. (1989, Fall). Teaching in cultural diversity: Reading eyes, hands, physical distance, and names among Hispanic students. In reTeach…reLearn. SUNY/Old Westbury, Teaching for Learning Center. Wilson, R. C., Gaff, J. G., Dienst, E. R., Wood, L., & Baury, J. L. (1975). College professors and their impact on students. New York: John Wiley. Citing Literature Volume9, Issue1June 1990Pages 177-188 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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Media and Adult Education in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Role and Challenges - Domatob, Jerry Komia (Educational Media International, 1990)
Abstract The value of adult education in leading towards progress in the sub‐Saharan African States is stressed, and the media, as well as the role the media can play is investigated. Adult education can inform, teach, motivate, mobilize and persuade. But there are many obstacles, among which are funding, personnel, illiteracy and the heterogeneous languages in the area. Some strategies are then proposed for overcoming these problems.
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Studies on pollution in the atmosphere near the aluminium reduction plant at Nagi Hammady/Egypt - El-Shazly, S. M.; Abdelmageed, Abdelazeem M.; Abdelaal, Abdelgaleel (Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 1990)
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An Investigation into the Practices and Processes of curriculum Planning and Development for General Education in Ethiopia Since 1974 - Feleke, Desta (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 1990)
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Non‐formal Education: A Proposed Solution for Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria - Geo‐JaJa, Macleans A. (Journal of Education and Training, 1990)
The structural links of non‐formal education to the world of work and graduate unemployment in Nigeria are examined. The role of government′s stop‐gap measures and the inadequacies of the formal educational institution are discussed. These policies resulted in the worsening of graduate unemployment, labour market segmentation and élite class formation, while only marginally increasing employment. Non‐formal education represented a more meaningful approach to solving graduate unemployment, and matching skills with job needs, than the contemporary approach.
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Visions for children: African-American early childhood education program - Hale-Benson, Janice (Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 1990)
This is a report of the design of an early childhood education demonstration program whose goal is to facilitate the intellectual development and academic achievement and enhance the self-concepts of African-American preschool children. The features of the program are delineated. The research questions and the child development measures that are being used for longitudinal evaluation of the program are listed and described. Baseline data are reported for the first two phases of child testing.
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Black Education and the Dialectics of Transformation in South Africa, 1982–8 - Love, Janice; Sederberg, Peter C. (The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1990)
After yet another period of unrest and spreading resistance among the black majority, the Pretoria régime struck back in February 1988. Seventeen organisations that had manoeuvred precariously on the margins of legal toleration were summarily banned – that is, prohibited from ‘carrying on or performing any activities or act whatever’–many of their leaders were detained, while the survivors were harried underground.
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Education of Blind Persons in Ethiopia - Maru, A. A.; Cook, Megan (Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1990)
Educating blind children in schools based on European and North American standards is too expensive for Ethiopia, which has limited means and formidable problems. After a survey of residential schools for the blind and blind secondary students, the Ethiopian National Association of the Blind designed a new educational service delivery model that relies on elements of community-based rehabilitation and the employment of blind high school graduates.
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Adaptating American adult-education methods in lesotho - Masten, John T.; Richard, Donald W. (The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1990)
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Aims of education in South Africa - Morrow, Walter Eugene (International Review of Education, 1990)
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[The school-age population and available school places in Cameroon: the example of primary and kindergarten education]. - S, Inack Inack (PubMed, 1990)
The author notes that the educational system in Cameroon is unable to cope adequately with the growth in the demand for places at kindergarten and primary levels. Ways to improve the present situation are explored.
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Comparison of Nigerian High School Male Athletes and Nonathletes on Self-Concept - Salokun, S. O. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1990)
Nigerian high school athletes (112 high and 90 low in performance) and 108 nonathletes were administered the Tennessee Self-concept Scale. Athletes scored significantly higher on all self-concept subscales except behavior, moral-ethical and family. Better athletes scored significantly higher on all aspects of self-concept: social, moral-ethical, family and behavior, as is consistent with findings from the USA and other countries.
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Cross-National Survey of Educational Issues as Expressed by Botswana and American Public School Teachers. - Shaw, Larry J.; Tlou, Josiah (1990)
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An evaluation of student support services at the University of Zambia - Siaciwena, Richard (Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 1990)
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Distance Teaching and Higher Education in Zambia - Siaciwena, Richard (Educational Media International, 1990)
Abstract This article looks at the educational problems facing Zambia when it became independent and outlines the reasons and background for the introduction of distance teaching methods which provide access to the range of courses that have been established.
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School Radio in Guinea - Sow, Mamadou Aliou (Educational Media International, 1990)
Abstract This short article is the summary of a presentation given by Mr Sow in Harare. It looks at the background to the funding and establishment of Radio Scolaire de Guinee, at the programmes it transmits, and at some thoughts for its future aims.
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[Epidemiological survey of oral status of 7, 12 and 15-year old Cape Verde school children]. - Thébault, Christophe; Jp, Delattre; Resmond-Richard, F (PubMed, 1990)
A representative sample of 614 schoolchildren of Cape Verde Islands, 7, 12 and 15 years old, was randomly selected. The dental caries prevalence was determined in each age group using the dmft and DMFT indices. The mean DMFT index increased from 2.38 at age 7 to 4.5 at age 15 years. The percentage of children with caries free permanent teeth decreased from 74.5% to 10.4% between 7 and 15 years of age.
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Education and child mortality in Egypt - Aly, Hassan Y.; Grabowski, Richard (World Development, 1990)
Abstract This paper analyzes the relative importance of education in reducing child mortality in Egypt. It uses World Fertility Survey data on various proximate determinants of child mortality for 2,599 Egyptian households. Logit analysis is used to analyze the determinants of mortality for children three and younger and five and younger separately, as well as for urban and rural households separately. The results that the number of pregnancies, the existence of a blood relationship between spouses, access to clean water, and adequate sanitation are relatively more important than other variables in directly affecting mortality. In addition, only in rural areas is the wife's education a significant factor in reducing child mortality.
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Education in the New Zimbabwe. C. Chikombah , E. Johnston , A. Schneller , J. Schwille - Cummings, Richard L. (Comparative education review, 1990)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsEducation in the New Zimbabwe. C. Chikombah , E. Johnston , A. Schneller , J. Schwille Richard L. CummingsRichard L. Cummings Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 34, Number 2May, 1990 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446924 Views: 2Total views on this site Copyright 1990 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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School Literacy and Agricultural Modernization in Kenya - Eisemon, Thomas Owen; Nyamete, Andrew (Comparative Education Review, 1990)
Previous articleNext article No AccessSchool Literacy and Agricultural Modernization in KenyaThomas Owen Eisemon and Andrew NyameteThomas Owen Eisemon Search for more articles by this author and Andrew Nyamete Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 34, Number 2May, 1990 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446915 Views: 15Total views on this site Citations: 8Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1990 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Piotr Sorokowski, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Marta Kowal, Tomasz Frackowiak, W.P. Malecki Literacy and perceptions of aging: Evidence from the Dani in Papua, Language & Communication 82 (Jan 2022): 1–7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2021.11.003Francesca Mancini, Ariena H. C. Van Bruggen, Janice L.S. Jiggins, Arun C. Ambatipudi, Helen Murphy Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Female and Male Cotton Growers in India, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 11, no.33 (Jul 2005): 221–232.https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2005.11.3.221Misa Kishi Farmers' Perceptions ot Pesticides, and Resultant Health Problems from Exposures, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 8, no.33 (Jul 2002): 175–181.https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2002.8.3.175Misa Kishi, Joseph LaDou Introduction, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 7, no.44 (Oct 2001): 259–265.https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2001.7.4.259Michael Useem, Louis Setti, Jonathan Pincus The science of Javanese management: Organizational alignment in an Indonesian development programme, Public Administration and Development 12, no.55 (Nov 2006): 447–471.https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230120504Theodore Lewis, Charles Gagel Technological literacy: a critical analysis, Journal of Curriculum Studies 24, no.22 (Mar 1992): 117–138.https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027920240202NELLY P. STROMQUIST Women and Literacy: Promises and Constraints, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 520, no.11 (Sep 2016): 54–65.https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716292520001008Hans Wagemaker Preliminary Findings of the IEA Reading Literacy Study: New Zealand achievement in the national and international context, Educational Psychology 12, no.3-43-4 (Jan 1992): 195–213.https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341920120304
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Causes of poor achievement in West African school certificate mathematics examinations in Rivers State secondary schools, Nigeria - Georgewill, Justina Wada (International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1990)
An investigation into the causes of poor achievement in West African School Certificate Mathematics examinations was conducted in eleven randomly selected secondary schools in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. The results showed among other things that most of the students doing mathematics have very little interest in the subject. It also shows that most of the students prefer other subjects to mathematics, and regard the subject as being difficult. Almost all the students study mathematics because it is compulsory in WASC, and because without studying it they may not gain entry into any of the Nigerian Universities. Only a very small percentage of the teachers who teach mathematics in the schools have a teaching qualification, though almost all of them are graduates. Most of the teachers teaching mathematics in these schools still use the traditional ‘talk and chalk’ method when teaching. The relationship between the students and their mathematics teachers is only fairly cordial. Few teachers motivate their students by always relating mathematics to real life situations when they teach.
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User's Perspective of Counseling Training in Ghana: The "Mystery Client" Trial - Huntington, Dale; Lettenmaier, C; Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac (Studies in Family Planning, 1990)
Evaluating counseling training programs from the client's perspective has posed a methodological challenge for family planning researchers. This report describes an evaluation method that combines clinic observation with an exit interview methodology. Eighteen women posing as clients were requested to visit three clinics with trained and three clinics with untrained family planning counselors. These clients (called "mystery clients" in Ghana) were later interviewed to uncover any perceived differences between the consultations. The effect of training was evident. Trained counselors consistently provided more complete information about all available contraceptives. However, both trained and untrained counselors often treated younger clients with disrespect or refused to give them the information they requested. This behavior indicated the need to strengthen the values clarification section of the counselors' training sessions, which has now been done.
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A Community-Based Health Education Project on Sanitation and Personal Hygiene in Getembe Zone Primary School, Kisii District, Kenya. - Momanyi, Martha M. (1990)
This thesis describes a health promotion project which was conducted in 29 Primary Schools in Getembe Zone, Kisii District, Kenya. The overall aims of the project were: (1) to raise awareness on sanitation and personal hygiene; and (2) to enhance participation in providing and improving basic sanitation facilities and activities; and (3) to help school personnel to develop a more practical approach to the teaching and learning of health education. The project was centred on access to the minimum requirements of primary health care (PHe): basic sanitation, water supply, and health education concerning proper sanitation and personal hygiene. This is in line with Kenya's health development policies of promotive and preventive health care and the National Guidelines for the implementation of PHC which call for intersectoral collaboration. The Community-Based Health Care (CBHC) approach was used as a strategy to promote health in the Getembe Zone primary Schools. This approach requires informed and active participants. To this end, Health Education, an important element of PHC was used to address the sanitation and hygiene issues in the school. The results showed notable achievements in sanitation facilities and activities. The number of pit latrines increased significantly from 230 at the beginning of the project to 287 at the time of evaluation. Sixty three pit latrines were under construction. Twelve schools had provided their pupils with urinals and 7 had water supply provided in their premises. Only 2 schools
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Impaired coronary reserve in the hypertrophied guinea pig heart persists in the absence of systolic extravascular compression - O'gorman, D. J.; Thomas, P. A.; Turner, Mark A.; Sheridan, Desmond J. (Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1990)
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History and History Teaching in Apartheid South Africa - Walker, Melanie (Radical History Review, 1990)
Research Article| May 01 1990 History and History Teaching in Apartheid South Africa Melanie Walker Melanie Walker Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1990) 1990 (46-47): 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1990-46-47-298 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Melanie Walker; History and History Teaching in Apartheid South Africa. Radical History Review 1 May 1990; 1990 (46-47): 298–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1990-46-47-298 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsRadical History Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. 1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
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The recruitment and retention of African American students in vocational teacher education - Anderton, Lillie Mae (1990)
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Biochemical education in South Africa (Biochemical Education, 1990)
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Responses of the African hypertensive to exercise training: preliminary observations. - Akinpelu, Aderonke O. (PubMed, 1990)
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University education of Criminology in Africa - Asuni, Tolani (Eguzkilore: Cuaderno del Instituto Vasco de Criminología, 1990)
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Ouham-Pendè: a new endemic goiter area in Centro-African Republic (C.A.R.). Preliminary observations on school children. - Biassoni, P; Schenone, F; Bertocchi, J.; Green, J; Mela, G; Balestra, G. M. (PubMed, 1990)
In this work, the Authors make several epidemiological observations and report a series of biohumoral data relative to a new endemic goiter area in the north-western region of the Centro-African Republic (CAR). In this province whose chief-town is Bocaranga, living conditions are very poor and primitive, manioca being the staple food. The survey was carried out in 11 rural schools and in 2 schools in the chief-town; 4009 subjects were examined; 2839 were males, 1170 females. The goiter prevalence observed in the whole sample population was 79.75%. The prevalence for each step of the grading were: 34.6% for 1a; 32.9% for 1b; and 11.8% for 2. In the schools of the chief town the goiter prevalence was found to be significantly lower than in the rural schools (71.9% versus 83.6% with P less than 0.01). Being the goitrous F/M ratio equal to 1.041, the goiter prevalences and gradings in females were higher and more severe than in males. After calculating these differences by means of the cumulated frequencies and the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, they were found to be significant. In 45 goitrous subjects, high TSH (7.19 microU/ml +/- 5.1), T3 (1.65 ng/ml +/- 0.56), and TG serum levels (410 ng/ml +/- 280) were found; however, low normal levels were observed for rT3 (8.97 ng/dl +/- 7.5) and fT4 (0.50 ng/ml +/- 0.51). In 42 casual urine samples, iodine excretion was 23.2 micrograms/l +/- 12.8; thyocianate excretion was 9.72 mg/l +/- 6 with a I/SCN ratio = 2.38.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Salaries and the teaching profession in Zimbabwe: An analysis of facts and reality - Chivore, B. R. S. (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1990)
(1990). Salaries and the teaching profession in Zimbabwe: An analysis of facts and reality. International Journal of Lifelong Education: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 109-127.
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Geochemistry and origin of early Proterozoic volcanic rocks from the Transvaal and Soutpansberg successions, South Africa - Crow, Clay; Condie, Kent C. (Precambrian Research, 1990)
The early Proterozoic Transvaal (TR) and Soutpansberg (SB) successions in South Africa are composed of sediments and variable amounts of volcanic rocks. Volcanic rocks are chiefly tholeiitic in character and in some formations range from mafic to felsic in composition. Except for Machadodorp basalts, all volcanics exhibit Nb-Ta depletion relative to Th and REE. Machadodorp basalts are relatively depleted in incompatible elements and some exhibit flat to depleted LREE patterns like MORB. Andesites and more felsic volcanics in the TR succession can be related to associated basalts by shallow fractional crystallization. In terms of incompatible trace-element ratios, two and perhaps three mantle sources are required for TR-SB basalts. These sources may be part of an ancient subcontinental lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal Craton which was variably enriched with a subduction-zone component during one or more episodes of arc collision prior to 3.0 Ga.
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The Effect of Two Remediation Methods in High School Physics Classes in Nigeria - Erinosho, Stella Y. (The Journal of Experimental Education, 1990)
AbstractThis study examined the effects of teacher-directed and student-oriented remediation methods in high school physics classes in Nigeria. Students (N = 121) from three Nigerian high schools were assigned randomly to three conditions: teacher-directed remediation, student-oriented remediation, or no treatment. Results of formative, intelligence, and achievement tests indicate that the teacher-directed remediation approach was more effective for increasing performance. Educational implications, especially for developing countries, are discussed.
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Administrative Reform and the Egyptian Ministry of Education - Hanson, E. Mark (Journal of Educational Administration, 1990)
The difference between developed and less developed countries resides to a great extent in the effectiveness of their administrative systems. The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the organisational constraints acting upon and within the Egyptian Ministry of Education that deter its capacity for administrative reform. Critical management processes are examined, such as policy formation, promotion procedures, planning, resource distribution, and local level decision making. Field visits to several regional school systems, as well as interviews with most of the senior ministry officials, were carried out by a team of American and Egyptian researchers. The research is significant because it provides a close examination of a system closed to most Western researchers. The administrative structure of the Ministry will be of interest to scholars because, even though it is highly bureaucratic, it operates with relative efficiency. However, what it cannot do with any degree of effectiveness is change the educational system from its long‐established patterns.
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Restructuring Schools for Cultural Inclusion: Changing the Schooling Process for African American Youngsters - Hollins, Etta R.; Spencer, Kathleen (Journal of education (Boston, Mass.), 1990)
The restructuring of schools has become a major focus for educational researchers and practitioners. The purpose and goals of school restructuring have been stated in various ways. The ingredients have included: changing decisionmaking process to allow greater participation from teachers and parents,embellishing curriculum with higher-order thinking skills; planning or developing new curriculum; increasing student participation in shared learning experiences and allowing students to take more responsibility for their own learning; holding schools accountable for getting results; providing new models for staff development that include teachers as coaches, mentors, and researchers; increasing collaboration between universities and public schools; providing support programs for beginning teachers; and increasing use of school-based management. The list is impressive, but what will be effect on nation's most troubled schools on inner-city schools? Whatever restructuring is taken to mean, according to John O'Neil (1990), the most visible 'proving ground' for school restructuring is in inner cities, where some experts warn that a complete overhaul is needed to stem tide of student dropouts and ill-prepared graduates (p. 4). O'Neil further suggests that successful inner-city schools should become model for restructuring. He describes programs and practices within these model schools that he believes provide insight and direction. On contrary, Etta Hollins (1990) suggests a reexamination of programs claiming unprecedented success for urban schools. Hollins identifies three categories of successful school programs each of which is based on implicit views of purpose of education, perceptions of learner, and nature of instruc-
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Information training for Africa: the role of the German Foundation for International Development (DSE) - Hütteman, Lutz (Information Development, 1990)
Describes the Information and Documentation Training Programme of the German Foundation for International Development, which is focused mainly on countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The programme includes national seminars for the establishment of information and documentation services, national and regional training courses for information and documentation personnel, continuing professional education courses, the development of teaching and learning materials, scholarships and other activities. Great emphasis is placed on working in partnership with local institutions in the region and in using local information professionals as resource persons. An outline of the programme for 1990-1991 and a selected list of DSE publications are included.
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Training of Village Health Workers in Tanzania; a Comparison of Two Approaches - Mayombana, C; Jenkins, Jennifer M.; Savigny, Don de; Tayari, S; Lubomba, G; Burnier, E; Tanner, Marcel (Tropical Doctor, 1990)
The paper compares the costs of training for two groups of Village Health Workers (VHWs) in Tanzania, where the policy of developing a system based on Primary Health Care principles will require the training of more than 16,000 VHWs during the next decade. In the Kilombero District, one group of VHWs was trained according to the guidelines of the National Programme of the Ministry of Health, and another group followed the training programme of the Kilombero Project, based on the Swiss Tropical Institute Field Laboratory. The training scheme of the Kilombero project cost almost 80% less for one VHW, largely because it depended on on-the-spot training by local staff. The results of a first investigation of the efficacy of the training were encouraging; a long-term evaluation is in progress. The curricula for the two programmes also differed; the Kilombero programme had shorter blocks of theory, interspersed with supervised practical work, and introduced curative medicine earlier in the course. The advantage and disadvantages of the two programmes are discussed, not only in terms of cost but also in terms of their efficacy in training VHWs who will be motivated, efficient and accepted by the community.
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Alternative Institutions of Education for Africans in South Africa: An Exploration of Rationale, Goals, and Directions - Mphahlele, Es'kia (Harvard Educational Review, 1990)
In South Africa, education is one of the social institutions manipulated by the apartheid government to develop and maintain an unequal society. In this provocative article, Es'Kia Mphahlele, a Black South African educator, describes the Blacks' struggle for educational improvement through alternative education. Mphahlele, who was forced into exile for two decades because of the stand he took against inferior education for Blacks, returned home to be part of a struggle for a system of education of which Blacks can take charge. He describes a vision of how alternative education in South Africa can draw from "the souls of people" and pave the way for a transformative and humane educational system for all people in the country.
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Libraries in National Literacy Education Programmes in Africa South of the Sahara: The state-of-the-art - Newa, John Majaliwa (International Library Review, 1990)
Etude de la participation des bibliotheques publiques et de village dans les programmes d'alphabetisation au cours des deux dernieres decennies: definition et etendue de l'illettrisme en Afrique noire; population touchee par les programmes d'alphabetisation; services et activites des bibliotheques dans ces programmes; materiel et equipement mis en œuvre; financement; personnel; cooperation entre bibliotheques et avec autres structures
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Amiloride impairs lung water clearance in newborn guinea pigs - O’Brodovich, Hugh; Hannam, Vicky; Seear, Michael; Mullen, J. B. M. (Journal of applied physiology (1985, Online), 1990)
To determine whether epithelial ion transport is physiologically important for lung water clearance after birth, the sodium transport inhibitor amiloride or its vehicle saline was given intratracheally to newborn full-term guinea pigs before the first breath. Guinea pigs given saline intratracheally breathed normally and had arterial O2 saturations (SaO2) greater than 94%. In contrast, guinea pigs that had an estimated 10(-4) M intra-alveolar concentration of amiloride had chest wall retractions and 88 +/- 3.6% (SD) SaO2 (P less than 0.01). Extravascular lung water (EVLW) per gram of dry lung weight 4 h after birth was significantly greater in newborns that received amiloride (8.3 +/- 1.1, n = 5) than in those that received saline (5.6 +/- 0.9, n = 7, P less than 0.01). The degree of perivascular fluid cuffing at 25 cmH2O inflation was quantitatively similar in amiloride- and saline-treated animals. The effect of amiloride was dose dependent. Intratracheal amiloride did not affect EVLW in 9-day-old guinea pigs. This study demonstrates that intratracheal amiloride before the first breath results in respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and an abnormally high EVLW. Epithelial sodium transport contributes normal lung liquid clearance after birth.
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Special Education Policies in Nigeria: Cultural, Socio-Economic and Political Issues. - Obiakor, Festus E. (1990)
The paper analyzes Section 8 of Nigeria's National Policy on Education, the section which aims to provide equal educational opportunities for all gifted and handicapped individuals. The paper discusses cultural, socioeconomic, and political factors that impinge upon implementation of Section 8 and the need for continuous policy evaluation in Nigeria. An overview of Nigeria's economic and political situation is prol'ided. Section 8 is described as an equivalent of Public Law 94-142 in the United States, instituted in Nigeria in 1977. Section 8 attempts to provide education for all handicapped children while recognizing their roles in the development of the nation, and to develop skills of the exceptionally gifted so that they can foster economic and technological advancements. The policy appears to have been bothered by a lack of accountability at all levels, and is plagued by endemic problems of culture, socioeconomics, and politics. Continuous evaluation of the policy is recommended, in order to detect how far the policy has helped in restructuring and formulating a new society, influencing curriculum changes, and promoting democratic ideals. Includes 23 references. (JDD) *************************************V********************************* * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *************************************************************m******* SPECIAL EDUCATION POLICIES IN NIGERIA: CULTURAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES Festus E. Obiakor, Ph.D. The University of Tennessee At Chattanooga Gregory P. Maltby, Ed.D. New Mexico State University Anthony C: Ihunnah, Ed.D Glassboro State College U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTE This document Lva been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinion:. zrzted in this docu. ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy Paper presented at the 68th Annual International Convention of the Council of Exceptional Children (CEC), Toronto, Canada, April 26, 1990. BEST COPY AVAILABLE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY -1-;e4, TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).
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A Case Study of Pupils Identified as Visually Impaired in Selected Primary Schools in Jos (Nigeria) and Its Educational Implications - Shown, Dakum (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 1990)
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The Tripoli, Libya, Earthquake of September 4, 1974: Implications for the active tectonics of the central Mediterranean - Westaway, Rob (Tectonics, 1990)
Source parameters have been determined for the earthquake (M s 5.6) that occurred offshore of Tripoli, Libya, on September 4, 1974. One nodal plane of its focal mechanism has dip 37°, strike 297°, and rake −141°, indicating oblique normal faulting. This nodal plane is subparallel to many west‐northwest striking normal faults in the epicentral area and is most likely the fault plane, indicating a component of right‐lateral strike‐slip with slip vector azimuth N84°E. Inversion of long‐period teleseismic body waves indicates 12‐km centroid depth and 0.4 × 10 18 N m seismic moment. A much larger earthquake (M s 7.0) on April 19, 1935, that occurred in the same zone of active oblique normal faults ∼400 km farther southeast near Sirte probably involved similar slip sense. This zone, for which the name “Tunisia‐Libya seismic zone” appears appropriate, has overall northwest‐southeast extent ∼1000 km from northern Libya to between Tunisia and Sicily. It takes up a change in motion direction relative to stable Europe from west of north inside the African plate to between N30°E and N50°E in the Ionian Sea between Sicily, southernmost peninsular Italy, southwest Greece, and Libya. This suggested motion direction of Sicily relative to stable Europe agrees with independent estimates from fault slip rates and senses elsewhere in Italy.
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Loneliness and General Psychological Distress among Zimbabwean Students - Wilson, David J.; Lavelle, S. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1990)
(1990). Loneliness and General Psychological Distress among Zimbabwean Students. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 130, No. 2, pp. 273-275.
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In service training in Zimbabwe : an analysis of relationships among education and training, industry, and the state - King, Kenneth J. (1990)
When Zimbabwe gained its independence in 1980, it experienced a loss of European skills and knowledge at all levels. This skills exodus affected both the public and private sectors. It not only impacted on who would fill vacancies but also on the mechanisms that would be used to provide inservice training. This paper discusses 3 primary providers of inservice training : 1) the Government - public sector initiatives include apprenticeships; upgrading the training of skilled workers through vocational training centers; pre employment training; 2) private and parastatal organizations - basic on the job training through elaborate on the job training, with the more elaborate programs concentrated in large firms; and 3) correspondence schools, private colleges and management training firms - offering a wide range of training options and are proving to be formidable competitors for government and private sector inservice training programs. While much has been done to provide adequate inservice training, a number of problems remain : a) the high unemployment rate; b) duplication of training efforts; c) the relatively low visibility of government training programs; and d) the negative perception industry has of employment policy. This paper suggests that inservice training needs to be better coordinated among providers if a comprehensive training strategy is to exist.
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Defining What Is and What Is Not an Issue: An Analysis of Assistance Agency Africa Education Sector Studies. - Samoff, Joel (1990)
Recent studies portray African education in a state of stress. Since it is widely believed that education is critical to development, proposals for addressing this crisis have been numeroas and frequent. A knowledge base of research studies has to be created to advise the external agencies that support education in Africa. Many studies were, however, incomplete and non-scholarly. The resulting reports were not widely circulated, as they carried access restrictions imposed by the sponsoring agency. This paper attempts to provide an overview of education sector studies in Africa. It contains an introduction to over 100 studies submitted through August, 1989; a review of the major themes; and an analytical commentary on what is and what is not contained in the studies. The emerging consensus from these studies about what is wrong with African education and how it ought to be restructured is discussed. Four t%emes appear in most of the studies: (1) the Irriculum does not im,:ch the job market; (2) a larger share of the cost of education should be paid by the students and their parents; (3) the authority and responsibility for schools should be decentralized to improve local responsiveness and efficiency and to decrease corruption; and (4) internal and external efficiency are useful standards for evaluating educational policies, programs, and expenditures in all countries. The appendix contains a listing of the studies by country with UNESCO Database numbers. (ALL) ******************M*******t******************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************..**************************** Defining What Is and What Is Not an Issue: An Analysis of Assistance Agency Africa Education Sector Studies
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Book Review: Drought Relief in Ethiopia: Planning and Management of Feeding Programmes - A Practical Guide (Food and nutrition bulletin (Tokyo. Print), 1990)
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Climatological drought in Nigeria - Acheampong, Peter Kwabenah (GeoJournal, 1990)
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Some issues surrounding air pollution problems in Africa - Adebayo, Yinka R. (Environmental Software, 1990)
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The pattern of eclampsia at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H.) Ilorin, Nigeria - Adetoro, Olalekan O. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1990)
In Ilorin, Nigeria, 788 cases of eclampsia were managed between 1968 and 1987, giving an incidence of 4.2/1000 deliveries. Five hundred thirty-five of the patients were nulliparous and 353 had received some form of antenatal care. There was no apparent change in the pattern of eclampsia over the years. The predisposing factors to developing eclampsia are examined and suggestions offered for the prevention of eclampsia in third world countries.
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Immediate priorities of school mathematics in developing countries ‐‐ West Africa as case studies - Ale, S. O. (International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1990)
School mathematics in the 1990s is preoccupying the minds of many in the developed and developing nations. In particular, much concern has been expressed about school mathematics in the developing nations. There are doubts about any meaningful achievements in many developing nations. But there are certain areas on which many developing nations should concentrate immediately if meaningful results are to be expected in the 1990s. This paper therefore deliberates on immediate priorities or actions in school mathematics for developing nations.
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