Increased cholinergic antagonism underlies impaired beta-adrenergic response in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs - Wills‐Karp, Marsha; Gilmour, M. Ian (Journal of Applied Physiology, 1993)
The goal of this study was to determine if the hyporesponsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation observed in ovalbumin-sensitized tracheal smooth muscle is due to increased cholinergic muscarinic tone or to a defect in the beta-adrenergic cascade itself. We examined the effects of ovalbumin-sensitization on the responsiveness of guinea pig tracheae to agents that mediate relaxation at various steps in the beta-adrenergic cascade when the tracheal tissue was preconstricted with either carbachol or histamine. Ovalbumin sensitization caused significant reductions in the maximal relaxations both to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in guinea pig trachealis when the tracheal tissue was preconstricted with the muscarinic agonist carbachol. In contrast, sensitization had no effect on the ability of PGE2 and isoproterenol to relax histamine contractions. Preconstricting the tissues with increasing concentrations of KCl reduced the effectiveness of isoproterenol to relax equally airway tissues from both sensitized and control animals. Forskolin-induced relaxations of trachealis muscle were not altered with sensitization. When tracheal tissues were precontracted with increasing concentrations of carbachol, the effectiveness of isoproterenol and PGE2 to relax airway tissues decreased. Functional antagonism of relaxations by muscarinic agonists was enhanced in the sensitized tissues, since the concentration of carbachol necessary to reduce beta-adrenoceptor-induced relaxations to the same degree as in the control animals was a log dose lower. These results suggest that the impaired beta-adrenoceptor response in sensitized tissues is not due to an intrinsic defect in the beta-adrenergic cascade but to an enhancement of a muscarinic cholinergic pathway.
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Women and Education in Nineteenth-Century South Africa: The Attitudes and Experiences of Middle-Class English-Speaking Females at the Cape - Bradlow, Edna (South African Historical Journal, 1993)
(1993). Women and Education in Nineteenth-Century South Africa: The Attitudes and Experiences of Middle-Class English-Speaking Females at the Cape. South African Historical Journal: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 119-150.
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Disease pattern and prescribing at the University of Zimbabwe students health service, 1987-1991. - Bvochora, J.F.H.; Kasilo, Ossy Muganga Julius; Nhachi, Charles (PubMed, 1993)
The trends in drug use, expenditure and disease pattern at the University of Zimbabwe students' health facility over a period of five years (1987-1991), were analysed retrospectively. The study also analysed the use of the essential drugs concept and the drug situation in Zimbabwe. A total of 1,500 cases which were randomly selected were studied. The total student population over this period was 44,030. Data collection sheets where utilised to extract information from patients' cards. Requisition order books and budgets for drugs and medical appliances and student population statistical data were analysed. Males accounted for 75.7 pc of the cases and the average age at the time of the visit was 22.04 years. The percentage of cases involving married students was 2.53 pc of which 94.74 pc were males. The total expenditure of drugs and medical appliances for the study period was $412,413.55 and most of the items were supplied by the Government Medical Stores. The most prevalent disease conditions were respiratory tract infections (35 pc) and urinary tract infections (16.3 pc). The disease pattern differed from that at district, general and provincial hospitals. The total number of drugs dispensed for the 1,500 students was 2,600, giving an average of 1.7 drugs per case. Analgesics were the most widely used drugs (28.5 pc), followed by anti-infectives (28.2 pc). The most popular analgesic used was paracetamol which accounted for 66.6 pc of the analgesics. Antibiotics accounted for 88.1 pc of the anti-infectives and 24.9 pc of the total number of drugs dispensed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Wind, surface water temperature, surface salinity and pollution in the area of the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania - Dedah, Sidina ould (Hydrobiologia, 1993)
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A South African Perspective on Cognitive Control Therapy for Learning-Disabled Children - Engelbrecht, Petra (School Psychology International, 1993)
Cognitive control therapy integrates psychodynamic principles and cognitive restructuring, addressing cognition and affect simultaneously. In pilot studies to evaluate the usefulness of cognitive control therapy for learning-disabled children and adolescents in the South African context, two experimental groups received therapy for a certain period of time while the two control groups did not receive therapy but continued with remedial programmes. Results of re-evaluation indicated improved selective attention, social interaction, academic performance and metacognitive insight into own abilities for the experimental groups.
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Educational reform and the focus on gifted African‐American students - Ford, Donna Y.; Harris, Jennifer (Roeper Review, 1993)
As early as the last century, incipient education reform reports attacked the inadequacies of American education and called for a restructuring of schools. Much more recently, America 2000 called for a renaissance in education. Such reports, although well‐intentioned, have yet to address directly the needs of gifted students; they give gifted education little attention and allow it little influence in the education reform reports and movements. Nevertheless, these education reform movements carry important implications for improving the educational well‐being of gifted students in general, and gifted African‐American students in particular. This article describes these promising practices and includes recommendations for increased attention to the needs of gifted African‐American students in the education reform movement.
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An Africentric Model for AIDS Education, Prevention, and Psychological Services within the African American Community - Foster, Pamela M.; Phillips, Frederick B.; Belgrave, Faye Z.; Randolph, Suzanne M.; Braithwaite, Noel (Journal of Black Psychology, 1993)
There is a widening gap between the growing numbers ofAfrican Americans with HIVand AIDS and culturally specific programs that address education, prevention, and psychological services within the African American community. This article describes an Africentric model for training psychologists who deliver AIDS education, prevention, and services within the African American community. The principles of NTU and Nguzo Saba were used in the training of 75 African American psychologists with the expectation that they would use these principles when doing education, prevention, and intervention activities within their communities. The article provides a historical context and conceptual framework for the program along with a summary of the impact of the program and implications for future programming and research.
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Science education in the new South Africa: reflections and visions - Kahn, Michael; Rollnick, Marissa (International Journal of Science Education, 1993)
This paper examines different models of science education and their relevance for the South African context. The authors draw on their extensive experience in other independent Southern African countries to examine case studies on the post‐independence development of science education in Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. The present problems in science education in South Africa are then analysed, and possible ways forward are suggested in the light of the case studies presented. The dilemma facing the country is how to satisfy the demand for science education for all in the face of teacher, infra‐structural and general person‐power shortages. This is particularly the case at senior secondary level where the resources for science education are much more costly.
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Made in Africa: Learning from Carpentry Hand-tool Projects - Leek, Janet; Scott, Andrew; Taylor, Matthew (1993)
Part 1 Introduction: an historical perspective re-introducing tool making barriers to success a gender perspective the text. Part 2 Why make hand tools: why carpentry? approaches to making tools summary. Part 3 Hand tools and practising carpenters: practising carpenters carpenters' tools carpenters' own experience in making tools the VSO experience conclusions lessons learnt. Part 4 Making tools in educational institutions: benefits youth polytechnics, Kenya government training centres, Malawi NGO training centres, Zimbabwe government training centres, Zimbabwe acceptability tool making and educational justification conclusion lessons learnt. Part 5 Hand tool production units: rapogi youth polytechnic bande tool makers WECO tool production unit itawoga tools COMET, Zambia conclusions lessons learnt. Part 6 Conclusions and future work: skills transfer appropriateness acceptability sustainability combined programmes which tools? self employment further work by IT and VSO.
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The school library in Nigeria: The need to develop reading culture - Makinta, Yusuf (New Library World, 1993)
Examines the philosophy of Nigerian education with particular reference to primary and secondary school levels. Identifies the school library as an instrument for developing reading culture. Also, highlights problems militating against children/youth literature. Proposes a library literacy programme at both primary and secondary school levels.
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Perspectives on mental handicap in South Africa - Mason, J. Barry (South African Journal Of Sociology, 1993)
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Costs of an Alternative Form of Second-Level Education in Malawi - Murphy, Paud (Comparative Education Review, 1993)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFocus on Public ChoiceCosts of an Alternative Form of Second-Level Education in MalawiPaud MurphyPaud Murphy Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 37, Number 2May, 1993 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/447178 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1993 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Matthew C.H. Jukes, Catherine M. Jere, Pat Pridmore Evaluating the provision of flexible learning for children at risk of primary school dropout in Malawi, International Journal of Educational Development 39 (Nov 2014): 181–192.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.07.006Bruce Fuller, Prema Clarke Raising School Effects While Ignoring Culture? Local Conditions and the Influence of Classroom Tools, Rules, and Pedagogy, Review of Educational Research 64, no.11 (Jun 2016): 119–157.https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543064001119
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Information Resource Sharing and Networking. 2nd Revised and Amended Edition. Report on Three Training Courses (Arusha, Tanzania, October 22-November 2, 1990; Mombasa, Kenya, April 15-26, 1991; Arusha, Tanzania, March 23-April 3, 1992). - Musana, Augustes; Hüttemann, Lutz (1993)
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Kenyan women adult literacy learners: Why their motivation is difficult to sustain - Mwiria, Kilemi (International Review of Education, 1993)
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Line graphing ability of some Nigerian secondary science students - Onwu, Gilbert O.M. (International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1993)
Many science and mathematics curricula guides and textbooks have as important outcomes the acquisition of the science process skill of graphing essential for data analysis. This study examines specifically the line graphing ability of some Nigerian secondary science students in order to provide basic information on the mastery of the various subskills that relate to line graph construction and interpretation. A test of graphing in science (TOGS) was administered to 366 subjects in junior secondary III (JS III) through senior secondary II (SS II). TOGS is a 30‐item multiple choice test for secondary students. The items relate to eight graphing subskills addressed in the study. The results show that the students found line graphing difficult. Only approximately 33% of the items were correctly answered. The general trend was an increase from JS III to SS II with a slight dip at SS I. Performance on most of the subskills indicate the need for proper emphasis on graphing skills in both the science and mathematics curricula and more instruction beyond the skill of plotting of points.
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A proposition for a national strategic framework for education in South Africa - Samuel, John (Development Southern Africa, 1993)
(1993). A proposition for a national strategic framework for education in South Africa. Development Southern Africa: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 249-262.
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A Political Economy of Adult Education in Comparative Perspective: A Critique of Mainstream Adult Education Models in Canada, Mexico and Tanzania - Torres, Carlos Alberto; Schugurensky, Daniel (Canadian journal for the study of adult education, 1993)
Abstract There are two striking features of mainstream adult education models. First, they are based on a conspicuous ideology of liberal individualism—although sometimes at the service of political legitimation and control. Second, for many teachers and policy makers adult education is an area apparently detached from the realm of values and devoid of ideological confrontations. This article reviews evidence from research on adult education and skill upgrading programs inspired by conventional, mainstream adult education in Tanzania, Mexico and the province of Alberta in Canada. Three mainstream adult education models are identified: a therapeutical model in Alberta, a recruitment model in Mexico and a forced modernization model in Tanzania. A central feature of all three models is the lack of a participatory rationale. Resume Il existe deux traits frappants aux modeles courants de l'enseignement des adultes. D'abord, il sont bases sur une ideologic apparente d'individualisme liberal—bien que quelque fois au service de la legitimation et du controle politique. Puis, pour beaucoup d'enseignants/es et de responsables de ligne de conduite l'enseignement des adultes est un domain apparemment detache du domaine des valeurs et depourvu des confrontations ideologiques. Cet article examine l'evidence a partir des recherches sur l'enseignement des adultes et des programmes d'amelioration des habiletes inspires par des modeles courants de l'enseignement des adultes conventionnels en Tanzanie, au Mexique et dans la province d l'Alberta au Canada. Trois modeles courants de l'enseignement des adultes sont identifies: un modele therapeutique en Alberta un modele de recruitement au Mexique et un modele de modernisation force en Tanzanie. Un trait central aux trois modeles est le manque d'une analyse raisonnee participatoire.
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Dimensions of drought: South African case studies - Vogel, Coleen; Drummond, James (GeoJournal, 1993)
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Pre-eruptive melt composition and constraints on degassing of a water-rich pantellerite magma, Fantale volcano, Ethiopia - Webster, James D.; Taylor, Richard; Bean, Christine (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1993)
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The utilisation of skilled artisans as vocational instructors in secondary schools in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria - Whawo, D. Duwovwiji (International Review of Education, 1993)
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THERE IS NO SUN IN AFRICA BUT DROUGHT - Marechera, Nhamo (Matatu (Göttingen), 1993)
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[District health care in Zimbabwe. Drought, starvation and HIV are the worst threats]. - Dahlin, K; Dahlin, Lars-Göran (PubMed, 1993)
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Research Perspectives on African Education and the Informal Sector. - Honig, Benson (1993)
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"America 2000" Reform Program: Implications for African-American At-Risk Students. - Obiakor, Festus E. (1993)
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African Literature and Social Science in the Teaching of World Studies - Ahmed, Ali Jimale; Markovitz, Irving Leonard (The Social Studies, 1993)
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Conceptualization of Educational Measurement and Evaluation Held by Some Nigerian Secondary School Teachers. - Akindehin, Folajimi (1993)
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MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN GHANA: A CASE FOR NEW STANDARDS - Alemna, A.A. (Library Management, 1993)
The issue of standards has always been uppermost in the minds of librarians, and has also received considerable professional attention. Examines the concept of standards for school libraries in Ghana and their functional applicability. Discusses the standards within the framework of stock; selection; accomodation; financial support; furnishing; services; competent staffing and inter‐library co‐operation. This has been developed in the light of the needs of schools in Ghana which are steadily realizing the importance of libraries.
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A case study of the 43rd annual new year school of the institute of adult education, University of Ghana - Amedzro, Albert K. (International journal of educational development, 1993)
In this qualitative study, opinons of lecturers working at an official Turkish teaching center at a government university regarding management of classrooms where Turkish is taught as a foreign language were determined through focus group interview technique; and the results were acquired by means of descriptive analysis technique. The present study indicates that participant lecturers were incompetent in terms of theoretical information regarding class management theoretical knowledge. Participant lecturers were incompetent in terms of classroom management skills. While participant lecturers were managing classrooms, they presented behaviors for establishing a positive learning environment, maintaining productive utilization of learning-teaching time, motivating students, and establishing an effective communication environment. Management of the classrooms where Turkish was taught as a foreign language was affected by physical factors, factors relevant with the characteristics and applications of the lecturer, factors relevant with student needs, interests and characteristics, social factors and factors relevant with the attitude and operation of management of the institution. Classroom management was affected by nationality, cultural and religious differences among students. Participant lecturers have not determined classroom rules in their courses and they do not find classroom rules necessary. There were several unwelcomed student behaviors experienced in classrooms. The lecturers interfere in these unwelcomed behaviors through the methods which can be associated with the reactive classroom management model.
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Life Experience of African Graduate Students in a Multi-Cultural Setting: A Case Study. - Antwi, Ransford; Ziyati, Abdelali (1993)
A study examined how international students from North and West Africa fit in, cope, manage, and respond to their experiences in American Universities that are in many cases set up in the context of Americans who constitute the majority. Assuming that the lives of international students outside their home countries and cultures are communication-based experiences, this research attempts to understand the various relationships between culture and communication and the difficulties members of different cultures encounter when they interact or attempt to interact. Data for the phenomenological study was generated from in-depth interviews with seven male African graduate students at Ohio University. In spite of the multiplicity of responses, the intersubjective experience revealed the existence of a number of obstacles and barriers that make interaction and understanding difficult among different cultures. These include intense feelings of isolation, loneliness, and frustration; dealing with classroom generalizations made on the basis of what the American professors considered to be mainstream (white Anglo-Saxon) America; and dealing with professors who consider it a waste of time trying to help internat;onal students who are not proficient in spoken English. Coping strategies developed by the African graduate students include drawing closer to other international students, attempting to minimize the tension of what is culturally unfamiliar and/or alienating, and considering the dominant culture to be stupid and responsible for their plight and therefore isolating themselves from interacting with the dominant culture. Contains 15 references. 0410 Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** LIFE EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN GRADUATE STUDENTS IN A MULTI-CULTURAL SETTING: A CASE STUDY -( by Ransford Antwi and Abdelali Ziyati To many minority students gaining admission into graduate school is an important landmark in their lives. This is especially so where the persons involved are international students pursuing graduate programs in American institutions. Studying abroad may have its excitements, expectations and anxieties but it may also have its disappointments. These excitements, expectations, frustrations and even disappointments may be fused together to form rich and meaningful experiences to those involved. Fundamental issues relating to spatiality, relationaty, corporeality and temporality tend to impact differently on the experiences of African students pursuing higher education in the United States. It is usual for university administrators to provide figures to show how well they are doing in creating a multi-cultural environment on .their campuses. Some of them remark that the world is their campus. Multi-culturalism is, in part, a way of creating an open atmosphere for the learning of different viewpoints and the acceptance of these kinds of differences. In recent years, therefore, there has been emphasis in many educational institutions in the United States to speed up efforts at attracting, encouraging and recruiting international students. Success in attracting students of different cultural backgrounds have led many university administrators into praising multi-culturalism. But the rhetorics of multi-culturalism did not U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EOUCATION Otfice ot Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Nhis document has been rePrOduced as received from the person or organization onginating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view Of opinions Misted in this docu ment do not necessarily represent otticmt DER) position or policy 1 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 10 THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) seem to reflect the lived experiences of the African graduate student. In this investigation, the lived experiences of some African graduate students are explored through a phenomenological study. Our goal was to examine how international students from North and West Africa fit in, cope, manage and respond to their experiences that are in many cases set up in the context of Americans who constitute the majority. The starting point of this research therefore, lies within the assumption that the lives of international students outside their home countries and cultures are communication-based experiences. Research in this area is basically an attempt to understand the various relationships between culture and communication and the difficulties encountered when members of different cultures interact or attempt to interact (Kennan, 1981). It is only when there is a clear awareness of how these interactions are experienced that issues relating to cultural understanding and multi-culturalism can be meaningfully addressed. The project was then initiated to understand African Students' experiences in graduate school at Ohio University. However, the very first interviews moved the whole project in a slightly different direction. The project, then, focuses on how African students make sense of tneir life experiences in the USA in its totality. It is through the narration of the traumas and excitements that some unanticipated epistemologies may be unearthed. Literature Review The theoretical foundation of our research is based on the minority experience. Color, numbers, and linguistic ability are among the determinants of racial status in the United States. According to Wellman
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Devaluing of Academic Success by African-American Students: On "Acting White" and "Selling Out.". - Collins-Eaglin, Jan; Karabenick, Stuart A. (1993)
The meaning of academic achievement for African American students was studied in 2 populations, a sample of 145 (53% males, 47% female) African American middle school and high school students in an African American Academy summer enrichment program and 45 African American high school seniors (36% males, 64% females) in a summer program for students trying to gain college admission. Student attitudes were measured with scales that assessed the feeling that academic success equals selling out and that it represents acting white. No evidence of pervasive academically alienating beliefs among African American adolescents was found. However, a sizable proportion of students sampled did indicate some level of agreement with such bel:efs. It may be that students in these summer programs place a higher value on academic achievement than does the general population. A strong relationship was found between academically alienating beliefs and a feeling of being threatened by seeking help. This finding may suggest that for African American students seeking help threatens their self-esteem and confirms the cultural stereotypes that African American students cannot succeed. Two tables summarize study findings. (Contains 7 references.) (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ez. Devaluing of Academic Success by African-American Students: On Acting White and Selling Out U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION otsoca of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Vhis document has Peen reproduce:I as eceivep from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been maga to improve roproduCtrOn quality Points of view or opinion% stated in this document do not necessarily represent officiai OEM Position or policy Jan Collins-Eaglin Department of Teacher Education
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Pre-School Education in Egypt, Oman and Japan: A Comparative Perspective. - Dahawy, Bayoumi Mohamed (1993)
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Educational Experiences of African‐American Graduate Students on a Traditionally White Campus: Succor, Sociation, and Success - DeBord, Larry W.; Millner, Steven M. (Equity & Excellence in Education, 1993)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsLarry W. DebordLarry W. DeBord is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Mississipi.Steven M. MillnerSteven M. Millner, Ph.D., is a Professor at San Jose State University
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A South African Perspective on the Teaching of Literature to ESL Undergraduates. - Evans, Moyra (1993)
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African-American Students' Perceptions of Educational Program Selection Processes Based on Grades or Student Interest. - Gleaves, Kenneth A. (1993)
African American urban sixth graders (28 males and 22 females), the majority of whom tested at or above grade level on the Iowa Basic Skills Test, were interviewed about 2 methods of selecting students for a summer science program. One method focused on student grades, and the other method focused on student interest in science. Subjects initially did not distinguish one method as significantly fairer than the other. By the end of the interview, however, approximately one-third of the subjects chose the selection method based on grades/test scores as fairer, while approximately one-third chose the method based on student interest as fairer, and the remaining subjects took various other positions. Male subjects shifted from an initial preference for student selection by grades to a more uncertain position. Female subjects continued to rate student selection by grades as a fairer selection process. Subject responses to the fairness of selection methods produced four themes relating to their views on the purpose of school. Implications of African American students' perceptions of fairness cf student selection methods and slbsequent views of the purpose of school are discussed. Two tables prtlent Study data. (Author/SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** African American students'... 1 African-American students' perceptions of educational program selection processes based on grades or student interest Kenneth A. Gleaves Ph. D. Candidate, College of Education University of Illinois at Chicago PAPER PRESENTED 12 APRIL, 1993 AT AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEETING (ATLANTA, GA) U.S. DEPAPITIACIT OF EDUCATION Vice of Educational Research and improi.ement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI Thisdocument has been reproduced as received trom the person or organtratton OrtgmattnOd r wnor changes Paso been made o improve t reproduction Quality of yew opotons stated mints dOc ment do not necessartly represent otfictat 0E111 posttton or poltcy The author wishes to J. R. Nelson, Ph. D. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED IS i 1641: TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (EPIC). cq. ropy Foe AvLig tc.;.4, 16 thank J. G. Nicholls, Ph. D. and for their suggestions and reviews.
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The Psychoepistemological Profile of African-American College Students - Hill, Oliver W.; Stuckey, Ralph W. (Psychological Reports, 1993)
The epistemic hierarchies of a sample of 360 African-American college students were assessed using the Psycho-Epistemological Profile and compared with norms for white college students ( N = 1342). A much lower proportion of the black students had Metaphorism as the dominant mode than their white peers. Large differences were also found in the proportions of black ( n = 229) and white ( n = 417) women with the preference for Empiricism as their primary epistemic tool. The results do seem to support the notion of black/white differences in “cognitive style.”
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Relationships between African American Doctoral Students and Their Major Advisors. - Holland, Jearold Winston (1993)
This paper examines, via an exploratory approach, the factors in doctoral programs that may potentially guide, motivate, and influence African American doctoral students to pursue careers in higher education. Interviews with 42 participants, 23 current students and 19 former doctorate recipients, were conducted, placing emphasis on interviewing more respondents from the education field, the field of study of the majority of African Americans. Five types of relationships that African American doctoral students have with their major advisors were identified: (1) formal academic advisement; (2) academic guidance; (3) quasi-apprenticeship; (4) academic mentoring; and (5) career mentoring. These relationships were found to differ with respect to the character of involvement between major advisors and these doctoral students. The findings of the study indicated that African American doctoral students have a variety of relationships and involvements with their major faculty advisors. Of these relationships, the student-advisor relationship was identified by respondents as being the most nonsatisfying of the various involvements. Of the five relationships studied, quasi-apprenticeship, academic mentoring, and career mentoring had the most significant impact on African American doctoral students seeking careers in higher education. Contains 15 references. (GLR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICAN DOCTORAL STUDENTS AND THEIR MAJOR ADVISORS
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Chemical education: In Anglophone countries of Southern Africa - Holme, Thomas A.; Lubinga, Stanslous (Journal of Chemical Education, 1993)
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical education: In Anglophone countries of Southern AfricaThomas A. Holme and Stanslous Lubinga Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 4, 317Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1993Published inissue 1 April 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p317RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
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African Cultural Perspectives and the Teaching of Science. - Jegede, Olugbemiro J. (1993)
There is evidence in the literature indicating that western education was used not to promote the healthy coexist.mce of the western and the African cultures but as a sanitizing and civilizing medium. This document describes the need to design science education that adequately meets the needs of the African in such a way that the African view of nature, sociocultural factors, and the logical dialectical reasoning embedded in African metaphysics are taken care of within a changing global community. It is concluded that Science/Technology/Society education would seem to be the medium with the most comprehensive, effective, and adequate attributes for achieving this end result. (PR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** African Cultural Perspectives and the Teaching of Science Olugbemiro J. Jegede Research & Development Unit Distance Education Centre University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba, Australia. Formerly of: Science Education Section, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; and Faculty of Education, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
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Bacterial Aetiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Pre-School Nigerian Children and Comparative Predictive Features of Bacteraemic and Non-Bacteraemic Illnesses - Johnson, Austin; Osinusi, K; Adérele, W. I.; Adeyemi-Doro, F. A. B. (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 1993)
In a 9-month surveillance of the microbial agents causing acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in hospitalized preschool Nigerian children, 24 bacterial isolates were made from 22 (33 per cent) out of 66 blood cultures, including seven (70 per cent) of the 10 cultures from subjects with pleural effusion. Of the 24 positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 14 (58 per cent), Klebsiella pneumoniae for four (17 per cent), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus albus for two (8 per cent) each, and Haemophilus influenzae for only one case. Seven subjects had a mixed aetiology, comprising one bacteraemic case with measles and six with concomitant viral identifications. Sixteen cases, 10 (63 per cent) of whom were malnourished, had two or more pathogens, including 10 with multiple viruses. Bacterial isolates from the throat, were not significantly predictive of the ALRI aetiology. Overt malnutrition, empyema, and anaemia, were significantly commoner in bacteraemic cases (P < 0.03, 0.01, and 0.05), while rhinorrhoea and crepitations were each associated with the non-bacteraemic ones. (P = 0.05 and < 0.05). A similar association was shown between rhinorrhoea, wheezing/rhonchi and the mixed aetiological group (P < 0.05 and 0.05, respectively). The case-fatality in bacteraemic subjects, was 9 per cent and was 2.1 times higher than that for non-bacteraemic cases, in whom a shorter mean duration of admission was recorded. In developing countries, the need for periodic local surveillance of ALRI pathogens, as a prerequisite for evolving rational antimicrobial policies, is emphasized. Our findings underscore the predictive importance of malnutrition as a risk-factor of severe bacteraemic ALRI, frequently associated with multiple pathogens. The relative usefulness of blood culture in identifying bacterial agents of ALRI is discussed.
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Provision of Library and Information Services to Visually Impaired University Students in Tanzania - Kaijage, Jackton J.L. (Library Review, 1993)
Discusses various strategies for the provision of library and information services to visually impaired students in Tanzania. Considers the benefits and problems associated with each strategy and proposes steps to ensure that the highest priority is given to service quality and the care of users.
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Suicide attempts in Ethiopian adolescents in Addis Abeba high schools. - Kebede, Derege; Ketsela, Tigest (PubMed, 1993)
Suicide is currently recognized as one of the leading causes of death of adolescents and young adults worldwide. A representative sample of all high-school students in Addis Abeba in 1989/90 academic calendar was surveyed to estimate life-time prevalence and risk factors of suicide attempts. 14.3% of the adolescents reported having attempted suicide. 17.5% usually felt hopeless. Suicide attempts were strongly and linearly associated with hopelessness, grade, and heavy alcohol intake. No significant associations were observed between attempts and age, sex, family history of suicide or parental educational level. It is concluded that a substantial proportion of adolescents attempt suicide and also exhibit the risk factors.
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Education and Training of Archivists at the East African School of Librarianship in the 1990s and Beyond - Kigongo‐Bukenya, I.M.N. (American Archivist, 1993)
This paper examines and recommends strategies for the education and training of archivists at the East African School of Librarianship (EASL) in the 1990s and beyond. First, it states the objectives of the National Information System (NATIS) in relation to coordinating the development of library and information services, a major component of which is education and training. The author then defines some terms and gives brief notes on education and training programs offered by selected African library schools, with special reference to archives. Finally, the current status of archival education and training at the East African School of Librarianship is discussed. The paper concludes with proposals for the future education and training of archivists at the EASL in the 1990s and beyond.
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Professionalizing Teachers of African Languages: Priorities for the Current Decade. - Kuntz, Patricia S. (1993)
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Postgraduate district hospital training in Zambia - Laing, Richard; Todd, C (Lancet (British edition), 1993)
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Ingroup Preference and Homogeneity Among African American and Chinese American Students - Lee, Yueh Ting (The Journal of social psychology, 1993)
Abstract On the basis of social identity theory, the author hypothesized that social identity (ethnic category) and salient intergroup comparisons would produce greater preference and perceived homogeneity within the ingroup than with the out-group. To test this hypothesis, surveys including stimuli of both African and Chinese American membership were administered to both an African American and a Chinese American sample of students. The results for both samples strongly support the hypothesis: Chinese American subjects judged the ingroup (Chinese targets) more favorably and perceived the Chinese to be more homogeneous than the outgroup (Black targets). Similarly, African American subjects judged the ingroup (Black targets) more favorably and perceived Blacks to be more homogeneous than the outgroup (Chinese targets).
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“National Additive Bilingualism”: towards the formulation of a language plan for South African schools - Luckett, Kathy (Southern African Linguistics And Applied Language Studies, 1993)
This is a personalised, substantially revised version of a similar, NEPI-authorised paper delivered at the 11th Annual SAALA Conference in Cape Town, 5–8 July 1992. The aim of this article is to propose a policy, which I have termed “National Additive Bilingualism”, for language planning in South African schools under a future democratic dispensation. I will also discuss some of the challenges to and implications of implementing such a policy such as National Additive Bilingualism for the future planners of a unitary system of South African education.
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Organizational Climate in Schools in Black Communities in South Africa: A Validation of the OCDQ-RS. - Mentz, Kobus; Westhuizen, Philip van der (1993)
Prior to April 1, 1993, the education system in South Africa was fragmented along racial lines. Five departments of education existed, each with its own political head. This paper presents findings of a study that examined the organizational climate of the Department of Education and Training, which regulated education for the 10 major black groups (excluding independent states and self-governing states). The study sought to: (1) test the validity and reliability of the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire-Rutgers Secondary (OCDQ-RS); and (2) determine the openness of the schools' organizational climates. The questionnaire was administered to 684 teachers in 31 secondary schools in Diamond Field Region. The instrument measured five factors of organizational climate--two regarding principals' management behaviors and three regarding staff relations practices. Findings support the validity and reliability of the instrument for use in the South African black community. On the average, rural schools had slightly higher levels of openness than did urban schools. In contrast with other tests of the instrument in the United States and in a white South African community, the black school community viewed the principal behaviors of supervising, controllillg, and monitoring as supportive. Nine tables are included. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE IN SCHOOLS IN BLACK COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A VALIDATION OF THE OCDQ-RS Philip van der Westhuizen Department of Educational Management Potchefstroom University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa Kobus Mentz Department of Educational Management Potchefstroom University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 1993 in Atlanta, USA U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othce ol Educabonal Research and ingeo.ement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI /me document Sea been reproduced as reeen,ed horn Me person or orgamzahon ongmahng C Minor changes have bee. made 10 .rnprove reprOduCliOn quality POMIS 01 vieW on op.mons slalechn 15.5 clocu moot do oot necesSattly tepteseol ottic,al OERI oosa.on Ot ohcy PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTF.D BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
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An Assessment of Language Needs for Technical Communication in a Multilingual Speech Community: Implications for Teaching LSP in Papua New Guinea. - Moody, James (1993)
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High risk of progression to NIDDM in South-African Indians with impaired glucose tolerance - Motala, A. A.; Omar, M. A.; Gouws, E. (Diabetes, 1993)
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High Risk of Progression to NIDDM in South-African Indians with Impaired Glucose Tolerance - Motala, Ayesha A.; Omar, M. A. K.; Gouws, Eleanor (Diabetes, 1993)
A four-yr prospective study was undertaken to examine the natural history of IGT in 128 South-African Indians classified as such at year 0 of the study, based on WHO criteria. Subjects were reexamined at year 1 and year 4. Of the 113 subjects who completed the study, 50.4% progressed to NIDDM (rate of progression 12.6%/yr), 24.8% persisted with IGT, and 24.8%, reverted to NGT. The majority (72%) who progressed to NIDDM did so in year 1. At year 1, 47 subjects were still classified as IGT; of the 40 subjects completing the study, 16 subjects (40%) progressed to NIDDM, 17 subjects (42.5%) persisted with IGT, and 7 subjects (17.5%) reverted to NGT. Examination of risk factors predictive of subsequent progression to NIDDM was undertaken by analysis of baseline variables in two ways: When year 0 was used as baseline (in 113 IGT0 subjects), significant predictive risk factors were the FPG and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations. All subjects who at year 0 had 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 10.2 and < 11.1 mM or FPG ≥ 7.3 but < 7.8 mM, subsequently progressed to NIDDM. When year 1 was used as baseline (40 IGT1 subjects), 90-min plasma glucose concentration (midtest level) was found to be a significant risk factor for development of NIDDM. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that in South-African Indians with IGT, the majority (50.4%) progress to NIDDM within 4 yr; significant predictors of subsequent diabetes are the baseline fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentration. The midtest plasma glucose also may be a useful predictor of clinical outcome. Moreover, the study highlighted the rapid decompensation to NIDDM in the first year and the demonstration of cut-off levels of plasma glucose above which the risk of development of NIDDM is total.
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[Integration of population education into the Rwanda educational system]. - Mukakalisa, J (PubMed, 1993)
The central objective of the population policy and plan of action adopted by Rwanda in 1990 is to achieve balance between population growth and growth in production in order to improve living conditions and promote family welfare. The quantified objective is to reduce the rate of growth from 3.6% in 1990 to 2% in 2000, which would mean a decline in average family size of women at age 50 from 8.5 to 4.0. The contraceptive prevalence rate which was .9% in 1983 and 12.6% in 1991 would increase to 48% in 2000. Rwanda's high population density, overwhelming dependence on agriculture, and rapid growth were recognized as urgent problems soon after independence, when earlier routes of emigration were closed. If population goals are to be attained, a change in attitudes toward family size and substantial declines in fertility will be required. 49% of Rwanda's population is under age 15. Children and youth must become aware of Rwanda's population and development problems and of their responsibility to contribute to solutions through responsible parenthood. Population education is a response to this need. Since its creation in 1981, Rwanda's National Office of Population has worked to develop population curriculum for all levels of education through secondary school, train educators in population topics, develop materials, and participate in development of the national population plan. As yet, however, the population education program has not been sufficiently strong in all types of schools. It is necessary that all students who finish primary and higher levels be informed of the consequences of Rwanda's rapid growth and the population policies intended to improve conditions. The National Office of Population is continuing its collaboration with educational officials to strengthen the population education curriculum at all levels, to train teachers in population education, and to assure that required materials are available. The contents of population education originate in different disciplines and professional specialties including demography, geography, history, economics, sociology and psychology, the physical and natural sciences, and medicine. Population education is to be integrated into the curricula of the different disciplines. Problems encountered in the effort to integrate population content include lack of support from educational authorities, personnel turnover necessitating repeated training, and the difficulty of evaluating population education programs because their impact on reproductive behavior will only be observed several years in the future.
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Age and Test Anxiety among African University Students - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1993)
As studies in Western countries have shown, scores on test anxiety increase with age during elementary school. Whether such a difference would be observed among African university students who ranged in age from 18 to 35 years was examined. The difference in mean scores on the Achievement Anxiety Test for two groups, ages 18 to 25 years (n = 132) and 26 to 35 years (n = 267), was not statistically significant.
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Gender Differences in Test Anxiety among South African University Students - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1993)
Prior research has shown a sex difference in scores on test anxiety, with men having a lower mean score than women. The present study was undertaken to confirm such a difference among African university students, but the t ratio was nonsignificant for means of 28.4 for men and 28.0 for women ( SDs of 5.3 and 5.0).
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The Role of Special Education in a Changing South Africa - Nkabinde, Zandile P. (Journal of Special Education, 1993)
This article describes the current situation with regard to the inclusion of special education services for blacks in South Africa. The article begins with some historical remarks about general education in South Africa. These remarks are followed by a discussion on the relevance and applicability of special education in a changing South Africa. Implications for addressing inequality in education and the need for equal special educational opportunities are also covered.
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Perceived Health Needs of Secondary School Students in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria - Nwangwa, M. A.; Okure, Maria J. (Journal of School Health, 1993)
Nigeria generally has overlooked the health needs of its adolescents. To determine student perceptions of their health-related needs, some 600 students in Uyo, the capital of Akwa Ibom State, were surveyed, and they identified several concerns. Their responses provided the basis to offer five recommendations for action: improve the quality of school health service facilities and personnel available in the secondary schools; implement a comprehensive national program of drug education and control; provide a healthful school environment; assess the quality and quantity of food provided to students, especially in boarding schools; and implement a comprehensive school health education program in Nigerian schools.
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Community development and the primary school teacher in the developing world: An analysis of recent trends in Papua New Guinea - O’Donoghue, Thomas (Teaching and Teacher Education, 1993)
Abstract Since Independence in 1975, one of the main roles of the primary school teacher in Papua New Guinea has been to promote community development. Recent policy, however, is aimed at making community development the central focus of primary teaching. This paper argues that such an orientation is likely to result in community discontent, the creation of restrictions on the extent to which worthwhile lifelong learning can take place, and failure to lay the groundwork for a technically orientated economy. Recent policy aimed at giving primary school teachers a major role in out-of-school community development is also inappropriate given the limited nature of teacher training candidates, the nature of the teaching environment, and the nature of Papua New Guinea society.
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Producing the basic competencies in information science education in Nigeria - Ochogwu, Michael G. (Education for Information, 1993)
The paper takes a theoretical overview of the concept of information science as a discipline but specifically analyzes the problems of teaching and producing information science teachers and practitioners in Nigeria. It is regrettably noted that ther
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Opinions of community physicians on the training for, and practice of community medicine in Nigeria. - Osibogun, Akin (PubMed, 1993)
89 fellows of the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria in the Faculty of Public Health whose addresses were listed with the College Registrar were interviewed using a Mail Questionnaire. Overall, 53 replies were received after two reminders spread over an interval of two months and an overall waiting period of six months. Findings based on the analysis of these returned completed questionnaires are presented and discussed.
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Sexual Beliefs and Practices by Women in Urban Zimbabwe: Implications for health education - Percival, Lynda J.; Patel, Vimla L. (McGill Journal of Education / Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill, 1993)
This paper examines the nature of existing traditional herbal and folk methods of family planning, as weil as other sexual practices of women in southern Zimbabwe. Nedeble women and a number of traditional healers (N'Angas) and herbalists were interviewed, using a semi-structured interview technique to elicit information about the use and understanding of contraceptive methods. The analyses show that many women in Zimbabwe use a variety of traditional herbal and folkloric methods, not only as a method of family planning, but also as a way to enhance sexual experience. These practices appear to be grounded in the traditional belief systems that exist in their society. The consequences of such practices in relation to designing better health education programs in Zimbabwe is discussed. RESUME Cet article analyse la nature des methodes herbales et folkloriques traditionnelles du planning familial ainsi que d'autres pratiques sexuelles des femmes dans le sud du Zimbabwe. On a interviewe des femmes Nedeble et un certain nombre de guerisseurs traditionnels (N'Angas) ainsi que des herba listes au moyen de la technique de l'entrevue semi-structuree pour recueillir des donnees sur l'usage et la comprehension des methodes de contraception. Les analyses revelent que de nombreuses femmes du Zimbabwe utilisent toute une diversite de methodes herbales et folkloriques traditionnelles, non seulement comme moyen de contraception, mais pour donner du piquant a leurs experiences sexuelles. Ces pratiques semblent ancrees dans les systemes de croyances traditionnelles de cette societe. L'auteur analyse les consequences de ces pratiques par rapport a la conception de meilleurs programmes d'education medicale au Zimbabwe.
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[Africa and the environment. Desertification and the phenomenon of drought. Deforestation and reforestation]. - Samake, D (PubMed, 1993)
Awareness is growing throughout the world of the grave environmental damage that has been caused by human activities ad of the disastrous consequences such damage may pose for human survival. The 1992 "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro marked the culmination of a series of preliminary ministerial conferences in Africa and elsewhere that called attention to practices menacing the environment. Africa's underdevelopment is at the basis of practices leading to desertification, deforestation, and pollution. The summit was of great relevance for Africa because of its recognition of the links between the environment, development, and poverty. The phenomena of drought and desertification in the Sahel are insufficiently understood. The drought began in the 1960s and has persisted irregularly into later decades. Scant rainfall may cause the useful growing season to be shorter than the minimum of 2.5-3 months needed to assure harvests. Meager vegetation, drying of domestic water sources, and the danger of erosion from violent rainstorms are among the consequences of drought. Desertification occurs when the natural vegetation is exploited excessively, when agriculture is extended into marginal lands, and when inappropriate agricultural and herding practices make the land vulnerable to erosion. Populations beset by poverty and drought engage in practices for short-term survival whose longterm consequences may be very harmful. The Sahel Institute in Bamako has outlined a regional strategy to combat desertification that calls for improving collection and conservation of surface and subsoil water, reforestation and more careful management of land and other resources, motivating local populations to assist in preventing deforestation, fertility control to lessen population pressure, and development of a database to monitor the dynamics of desertification. The European Economic community and some conservation associations have also developed conservation programs for the Sahel. Degradation of the tropical forests must be considered irreversible because of climatic factors, erosion, and loss of fertility. Abusive exploitation of the tropical forests is a principal socioeconomic phenomenon of contemporary Africa. Forest policies must end the degradation, repair the decision making. 56% of the total energy consumed in Africa is from wood and charcoal. But the collection of firewood and deforestation are complexly linked. Deforestation results from numerous factors including imbalance between population growth and the system of natural resources, the need for new lands, and the expansion of cities. Several African countries are attempting to subsidize firewood needs through management of forests and reforestation with the collaboration of the rich countries.
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ETHNIC POLITICS IN DJIBOUTI: FROM ‘EYE OF THE HURRICANE’ TO ‘BOILING CAULDRON’ - Schraeder, Péter J. (African Affairs, 1993)
Journal Article ETHNIC POLITICS IN DJIBOUTI: FROM ‘EYE OF THE HURRICANE’ TO ‘BOILING CAULDRON’ Get access PETER J. SCHRAEDER PETER J. SCHRAEDER Peter J. Schraeder is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science at Loyola University of Chicago. This essay is based on his testimony on 19 March 1992, before a congressional hearing, ‘The Horn of Africa: Changing Realities and U.S. Response,’ sponsored by the Africa Subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The arguments were enhanced by the thoughtful comments of Daniel Compagnon, Walter S. Clarke, Gérard Prunier, Eugene Rosenfeld and Peter Vrooman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 92, Issue 367, April 1993, Pages 203–221, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098610 Published: 01 April 1993
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Weight Gain of Kenyan School Children Infected with Hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides is Improved Following Once- or Twice-Yearly Treatment with Albendazole - Stephenson, Lani S.; Latham, Michael C.; Adams, Elizabeth; Kinoti, Stephen N.; Pertet, Anne M. (The Journal of Nutrition, 1993)
We studied growth in infected children given one dose (600 mg) or two doses of albendazole per school year. Children were examined and allocated at random within sex by descending hookworm egg count to one of three groups: placebo (n = 93), one dose (1x, n = 96) or two doses (2x, n = 95). Each child was treated and then re-examined and treated 3.6 and 8.2 mo later (Exams 2 and 3). The 1x and 2x groups gained significantly more by Exam 3 than the placebo group in weight (1.1 and 0.9 kg more, respectively), percent weight-for-age (3.3 and 2.7 percentage points more), percent weight-for-height (3.1 and 2.9 percentage points more), percent arm circumference-for-age (2.3 and 2.0 percentage points more) and triceps and subscapular skinfolds but did not differ significantly from each other. The placebo group showed significant decreases between exams (P < 0.0002) in percent weight-for-age and percent arm circumference-for-age and no change in percent weight-for-height, whereas the 1x and 2x groups exhibited significant increases (P < 0.005). At Exam 3, arithmetic mean egg reduction rates for the 1x and 2x groups were 84 and 95% for hookworm, 42 and 32% for Trichuris and 55 and 87% for Ascaris, respectively. We conclude that one or two doses of albendazole per year resulted in similar growth improvements, despite reinfection, in school-age children in an area where these helminths and poor growth are prevalent.
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African history and teaching of history in Dar es Salaam - Wamba-dia-Wamba, E. (1993)
The program of history writing and teaching Lumumba assigned to Africa - despite its somewhat vague terminology - has not yet been comoletely fulfilled. Africans have been writing and teaching history; more often than not it has been a history of celebration of fathers of the nations, their nation-building proccss or a history accusing/absolving them from the responsibility of aggravating African people's miseries.
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Teacher Researcher Projects in South Africa: Some Trends and Issues. - Westhuizen, Van der; Gert, J (1993)
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Assessing engineering education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Zymelman, Manuel (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1993)
The future of sub - Saharan Africa will depend to a large extent on the abilities of the sub - Saharan societies to introduce technological change as a permanent ongoing process. Engineering capacity will be a major factor in fostering this ability. Thus, the development of engineering education should command the attention of human resources and education planners. The goal of a development plan for engineering education is to ensure that the required number of engineers of a specific standard are produced in an efficient manner. In the case of sub - Saharan Africa, it is necessary to transform the present engineering education system into a new system that satisfies this development goal. But in order to do that it is first necessary to assess the present system. Assessment of educational systems in general, and of engineering education in particular, is an old and venerable practice in industrialized countries. This volume explores the different meanings of assessment and the possibility of using known assessment methods in sub - Saharan African context. This book provides a practical guide to assess an engineering education institution. It approaches assessment in a comprehensive manner by dealing with the assessment of qualitative and quantitative needs, and assessment of the efficiency of the engineering education institution. It also contains questionnaires, and methodologies for analyzing costs.
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[Theater for sex education in Burkina Faso]. (PubMed, 1993)
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Volcanically influenced calcareous palaeosols from the Miocene Kiahera Formation, Rusinga Island, Kenya - Bestland, Erick A.; Retallack, Gregory J. (Journal of the Geological Society (London), 1993)
The Miocene Kiahera Formation at its type locality on Rusinga Island in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria consists of a sequence of alluvial sedimentary and pyroclastic strata and calcareous palaeosols. The 80 m thick formation was formed by braidplain aggradation and pyroclastic airfall in response to volcanism from the nearby Kisingiri volcano. Numerous fining-upward sequences approximately 5 m to 15 m thick make up the bulk of the Kiahera Formation. A complete sequence contains sandy and conglomeratic beds at the base which fine upward to sandy siltstones, calcareous palaeosols and airfall tuffs. The fining-upward sequences may have been produced by aggradation during phases of volcanic eruption. During major eruptive episodes, scoriaceous nephelinite detritus flooded the alluvial system to create the lower, coarse-grained beds. As eruptive activity waned, airfall ash and overbank flood deposits accumulated on the landscape forming the upper, fine-grained beds of the sequence. Calcareous soils formed on these highly alkaline ashes between large ash fall events. The calcareous palaeosols are grouped broadly into two main types: tuffaceous clayey Inceptisols with distinct Ck horizons (Chido palaeosols) and sandy Inceptisols consisting of nephelinitic rock fragments and subordinate amounts of tuff (Okoto palaeosols). Both types show only weak to moderate soil development interpreted to be a result of episodic rejuvenation by fresh airfall ash and flood deposits. Comparison of depth of the calcareous subsurface horizon from these palaeosols with those in calcareous modern soils from the Serengeti Plain that also developed on alkaline volcanic ash allow for rainfall estimates of between 550 mm a −1 to 750 mm a −1 for the Kiahera palaeosols. This together with root traces, soil structure, and major element chemistry of the two palaeosol types are evidence of a landscape with sandy, stream-side woodland soils (Okoto palaeosols) and clayey, floodplain grassy woodland soils (Chido palaeosols).
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South Africa endorses nonracial schools and increases subsidies - Cherry, Michael (Nature, 1993)
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The new system of higher education in Namibia - Coombe, Trevor (Journal of Southern African Studies, 1993)
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The demise of caring in an African-American community: One consequence of school desegregation - Dempsey, Van; Noblit, George W. (The Urban Review, 1993)
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A regional training programme for radiotherapists and allied professionals for the West African health community - Durosinmi-Etti, F.A.; Mouelle-Sone, A. (Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1993)
With 47% of the population under 15 years of age and the control of infectious and other communicable diseases, cancer will likely constitute a major health problem in West Africa in future. Radiotherapy facilities and trained manpower to run them are very limited within the subregion. This paper quantifies the severity of the situation and discusses a practical approach aimed at coping with the situation through the organisation of a training programme for radiotherapists, medical physicists and radiation technologists as part of the strategies for cancer control in West Africa. A curriculum is proposed for the training of radiotherapists.
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Medical Practice, Research and Training in Nigeria: THE CURRENT STATE OF INTERLIBRARY LOAN AND DOCUMENT SUPPLY - Ephraim, Philip Effiom (Interlending & Document Supply, 1993)
Librarians and co‐ordinators of library and information services in developed countries may not always appreciate the advantages that assured electric power and speedy communication provide in support of such activities as interlibrary loan and document supply (ILDS). Such infrastructures are less developed in many Third World countries, including Nigeria. That quite aside, the state of the collections in many Third World libraries are of dubious integrity. As finances available to many of these libraries for collection development are increasingly slender, any honest attempt to audit the collections would reveal that staleness, discontinuities and resultant document poverty are rife. Intends to be viewed as part of an ongoing effort towards sensitizing the “global village” to the awful deprivation of current and relevant publications that are endured in Nigeria and indeed in many other African states. Ways and means must be sought to heighten the profile of this vital aspect of information provision and service in Africa.
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Environmental pollution from coal mining activities in the Enugu area Anambka state Nigeria - Ezeigbo, H. I.; Ezeanyim, B. N. (Mine Water and the Environment, 1993)
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Educational Reform and Gifted African-American Students - Ford, Donna Y.; Feist, Sonja M. (The Gifted child today, 1993)
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Issues in Education: African American Male-Only Schools:Is that the Solution? - Greathouse, Betty; Sparling, Saundra (Childhood Education, 1993)
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Development of the Library Profession and Education in Ethiopia - Gupta, Shanti S. (The International information & library review (Print), 1993)
This paper describes the development of the library profession and education in Ethiopia from its beginning to date in the context of such developments in the USA, UK and Africa. The recognition of the library profession in Ethiopia started with some short and informal courses in 1959, and in 1966 by formally starting a diploma minor programme. At present, it is providing library and information training at diploma, bachelor’s and master’s levels.
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Development of the Library Profession and Education in Ethiopia - Gupta, Shanti S. (International Information & Library Review, 1993)
This paper describes the development of the library profession and education in Ethiopia from its beginning to date in the context of such developments in the USA, UK and Africa. The recognition of the library profession in Ethiopia started with some short and informal courses in 1959, and in 1966 by formally starting a diploma minor programme. At present, it is providing library and information training at diploma, bachelor’s and master’s levels.
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The Effect Of Interspersed Questions In Textual Readings On Understanding And Retention Of Biology Concepts By Form 3 Pupils In Four Rural Secondary Schools In Zimbabwe - Gwimbi, Eric; Fushai, E. (1993)
This study determined the effect of presence of questions in a biology text on recall and retention of concepts by Form 3 pupils. It also sought to determine whether the type of inserted questions influenced this retention. A 1500 word biology text passage was prepared and treated in three different ways before exposure to the target students. In one, the passage was reproduced from the text book (as it was without any inserted questions). In the second, ten factual questions were inserted at different points within the text. In the last, ten application questions were placed at the same points as the factual questions. One hundred and sixty eight (168) Form 3 pupils were sampled from 4 rural secondary schools (42 per school) These were divided into 3 groups (56 each, 14 per school) Each group was made to study a differently treated passage for 40 minutes. At the end of the study period, a common wenty question (multiple choice) test on the passage was administered to all groups to test retention of concepts. Results showed that studying texts in which there are interspersed questions significantly improved pupils'retention of concepts. Higher order questions significantly contributed more to retention than lower order questions. With very minor exceptions, there was no significant difference in the performance of pupils per given variable when inter-school group comparisons were made.
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African-American faculty and students on predominantly white university campuses - Heard, Chinita A.; Bing, Robert L. (Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 1993)
This paper stresses improving institutional climates by properly addressing issues affecting African-American students and faculty on predominantly white university campuses. We address concerns and experiences of the authors, and the shared experiences of other African-American faculty members. Topics include the dearth of African-American PhD students in criminology and criminal justice, mentoring issues, and suggested responsibilities for university administrators. We include results of a questionnaire mailed to African-Americans with PhDs in criminology or criminal justice. The paper contributes to an awareness of difficulties encountered by African-Americans on predominantly white university campuses.
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Determinants of Fertility in Urban and Rural Kenya: Estimates and a Simulation of the Impact of Education Policy - Hyatt, Douglas; Milne, William J. (Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 1993)
Fertility behavior and population growth and its impact on economics in Kenya are a concern because of recent trends. The aim of this research study was to examine the impact of multiple factors on fertility in urban and rural areas based on the 1984 Kenya contraceptive Prevalence Survey. Simulation models were used to project the number of births expected with the current educational program. The expectation was that increasing female education in rural areas would have an impact on birth probabilities. Policy implications are discussed in terms of increasing educational expenditures, particularly for rural women. The empirical model selected was based on theories on proximate determinants, demographic effects, and neoclassical models. A probit model was used to estimate whether or not a woman had a child in the year preceding the survey. Explanatory variables were economic (female employment and years of schooling), biological (mother's age and child mortality), and cultural (marital state, number of live births, and religion). The sample included 6405 women aged 15-49 years. Married urban women were 37% more likely than unmarried urban women to have given birth. Married rural women in monogamous marriages were 23% more likely to have given birth than their unmarried counterparts. The number in a marital union of wives did not affect the probability of birth in urban areas; the effect was quite small in rural areas. Probability of birth increased until age 25 in urban areas and to age 28 in rural areas. Previous live births had a small impact, and the inhibiting effect of an additional child is 2.7 times larger in urban than in rural areas. Only in urban areas did employment reduce the probability of a birth (by 7.4%). In rural areas, increases in education after the primary level were related to a decline in the probability of a birth (for a 26-year old woman there is a reduction in the probability of .18). The fertility rate of a woman completing secondary school was 3.5 and 7.8 for a woman completing primary school. There were no differences in urban Nairobi and Mombasa. The total fertility rate should decline by 25% between 1984 and 2014, and should fall further based on educational increases which affect family planning use, employment, and infant mortality. By 2014, the savings in education and related expenses for reduction in births of 5.8 million will be considerable.
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Nea Presidential Address, 1992: Policy Issues in the Postsecondary Education of African Americans - King, Arthur Thomas (The Review of Black Political Economy, 1993)
Few goods and services are as important to socioeconomic outcomes as education. Participation rates of African Americans in postsecondary education are much lower than those for whites. The disparities in college attendance and graduation rates have potentially grave consequences for African Americans and for the larger society. This article addresses some of the policy influences that determine educational outcomes for this population subgroup and raises some of the issues that should be addressed if proportionate participation rates are to be generated.
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Media utilization by teachers in the United States, Taiwan, Thailand, and nigeria - Lu, Mei‐Yan; Morland, John; Lerchalolarn, Chawalert; Lee, Boaco; Dike, Humphrey (Educational Technology Research and Development, 1993)
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Needs assessment for in-service training for community nutrition educators in the kiambu district in Kenya - Miring'u, Lucy N.; Mumaw, Catherine R. (Journal of Nutrition Education, 1993)
Nutritional adequacy is an integral part of national and social progress. Nutritional ignorance has been documented as an important contributor to malnutrition in Africa in general, and in Kenya in particular (1-4), where problems of protein energy malnutrition, nutritional anemia, and vitamin A deficiency are especially apparent. After independence was gained in 1963, the Kenya government established a nutrition policy aimed at correcting the malnutrition problems found within the country, with improvement of the nutritional status of the poor as one of its highest priorities (4). Health services were expanded to emphasize preventive and promotive health programs that gave attention to nutrition education and the training of personnel to carry out these programs (5). To implement these programs, an in-service training program was established in 1967, with the first trainees recruited from existing cadres of enrolled nurses and midwives. Upon completion of a nine month in-service course in community nutrition, the trainees were given the title of Nutrition Field Workers (NFWs) and were posted to health centers and hospitals throughout the country. They were expected to assist families by teaching them about the nutritional values and possible uses of available foods and resources. In 1983, as a result of the changing and increased demands on services of the Nutrition Field Workers, the nine month in-service training program was replaced by an expanded two year pre-service training program for high school graduates. Upon completion of the training program they are given the title of Community Nutrition Technicians (CNTs). Like the NFWs, the CNTs work in hospitals and health centers throughout the country. Together, the
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Comparing the Role of Education in Serving Socioeconomic and Political Development in Tanzania and Cuba - Mtonga, Harry L. (Journal of Black Studies, 1993)
On March 9, 1967, President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania issued a dramatic manifesto that he called Education for Self-Reliance. In this document, he stated that education has definite purposes: to prepare young people to live and serve society and to transmit the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes of society (Nyerere, 1968, p. 44). Meanwhile, a Cuban educator had said that, when he was in for an education conference, someone asked him whether or not the school in Cuba was an instrument of the state. He answered, Yes, of course, just as it was before the triumph of the Revolution and as it is in the present day Italy (Carnoy & Wertheim, 1977, p. 573). The educator could not have been more accurate, for everywhere education is, no doubt, a state instrument in the process of political and socioeconomic development. Consequently, Mbilinyi (1979, p. 218) does not hesitate to point out that formal education is one of the fundamental forms of means of production and transmission of knowledge and therefore, must be considered both as an ideological instrument and as one aspect of productive forces. Schooling, she continues, cuts across the ideological and economic levels. At the same time, schooling is increasingly becoming an instrument of state and must also be posed as an element of political level.
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Attitudes Toward Risky Sexual Behavior and Reactions to People Infected With HIV Among Zambian Students - Mufune, Pempelani; Osei‐Hwedie, Kwaku; Mwansa, Lengwe-Katembula (International family planning perspectives, 1993)
According to a randomized study conducted in early 1990 the majority of Zambian students hold conservative attitudes toward risky sexual behavior. Overall 74% disapproved of premarital sex and 84% disapproved of extramarital affairs. In addition 64% said they disapproved of people who had more than one sexual partner; 74% disagreed with the statement that to be really somebody a person should have more than one partner. Nevertheless 22% reported that their best friend had 2 or more partners. Many students reported negative reactions to people infected with HIV: 32% said they should be quarantined and 38% said they should not be allowed to work in offices with others. Moreover 45% thought HIV-infected children should not share classrooms with uninfected children and 47% said they would not swim in a pool with a person infected with HIV. (authors) (summaries in SPA FRE)
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EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT : AN ASSESSMENT OF REFORMS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN RESPONSE TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN TANZANIA - Ng′wandu, Pius Yasebashi (国際基督教大学学報. I-A, 教育研究, 1993)
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Quantitative developments, quality and equity concerns in Zimbabwean primary and secondary education sectors - Nyagura, Levi (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1993)
Whilst Zimbabwe has achieved significant quantitative developments in education, little has been achieved in providing equal access to quality education in the whole education sector. The poor communities continue to struggle on with poor teacher quality, inadequate instructional materials, and poor school facilities. Gender discrimination is on the increase with less, female students attending school and with more of this small group dropping out of school. The quality of education has significantly declined and this signals a serious potential problem of high illiteracy levels, especially among women.
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Toward a Theory of African American School Achievement. Report No. 16. - Perry, Theresa (1993)
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The Metric Equivalence of the Ucla Loneliness Scale for a Sample of South African Students - Pretorius, Tyrone B. (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1993)
This article reports on the psychometric properties of the UCLA Loneliness Scale employed with a sample of South African students. Respondents consisted of 659 undergraduate students (39.4% males, 60.6% females) at the University of Western Cape, South Africa. The mean loneliness score for this group was slightly higher than those reported for North American college students, and slightly lower than those reported for Puerto Rican and Iranian students. This finding is consistent with previously reported cross- cultural variability in the experience of loneliness. Size of house- hold was significantly related to loneliness score which would suggest that the family plays a role in the experience of loneliness. The scale demonstrated adequate reliability (coefficient alpha = .81) and factor analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the scale for this sample. Tests for sex differences indicated that males reported more loneliness than females which are also consistent with previous studies. The obtained results underline the utility of the UCLA Loneliness Scale for use with South African students.
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Planning and financing rural education in Africa - Ross, Alec (Higher Education, 1993)
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Teaching Rwandan Families to Care for People with AIDS at Home - Schietinger, Helen; Almedal, C; Marianne, Bizimungu Nyirabalinda; Jacqueline, Ruruku Karekezi; Ravn, Bodil Lawrence (Hospice Journal, The, 1993)
AIDS causes disabling symptoms during its chronic and terminal phases. Families throughout the world, whether related to the patient by blood or affection, provide most of the personal care for him or her at home during these phases. Whether the family has access to advanced medical care or not, they can be taught simple comfort measures and nursing care skills that will improve the well-being of the patient. In Rwanda, a small country in east-central Africa, Red Cross volunteers were trained to teach these skills. The volunteers then returned to their villages to help local families. Six months later, 24 of these families were interviewed about the impact of the volunteers’ visits. Families indicated they had benefited from being taught the caregiving skills. They also appreciated the emotional support attendant to the volunteers’ visits. In summary, the training course enabled volunteers both to enhance family nursing care skills and to provide emotional support to families caring for people with AIDS at home. This training can also be used by volunteers to assist families caring for members ill with other endemic chronic infectious diseases.
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Structural adjustment and the student movement in Nigeria - Shettima, Kole Ahmed (Review of African Political Economy, 1993)
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The National Education Goals: Implications for African Americans and Other Minorities. - Simmons, Warren (1993)
Implications of the six National Education Goals for African Americans and other minority ,groups are discussed in a paper that summarizes the status of student competencies. The question posed is why the school reform movement thus far has had such a minimal impact on overall student achievement. The focus of the reform movement of the 1980s is reviewed, particularly the new basics, schoolbased management and parental involvement, and the curricular content issue. It is suggested that in spite of the twin goals of equity and excellence in the early 1990s, the reform movement continues to ignore the educational circumstances of poor and minority students; the national goals cannot be reached without substantially raising the performance of minority students. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) trends are cited to illustrate the levels to which minority students lag behind white student, and similar differences are noted in grades and course/program enrollments. The minority education agenda for the 1990s, it is further suggested, should begin with the elimination of tracking and proceed to identify instructional opportunities that give minority students a fair chance at meeting worldclass standards. In addition, for the national standards and assessment movement to survive, school delivery standards must receive as much attention as student content and performance standards. Examples of effective efforts include active learning, flexible scheduling, interdisciplinary team teaching, continuous assessment, and collaborative learning. Contains 35 references. (LB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE NATIONAL EDUCATION GOALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHER MINORITIES Warren Simmons, National Center on Education and the Economy U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (61: Office ol Educahona frerearcn rind irnprovomeni EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER maim calrius dOcuMont nal Man reproduced at received Iron. Ole parson or orgornahon Gnome ling al C ribnOr change. twee Man made 10 gnprOva reprOrlueliOn quality In a pp.,. CI tee,. Gopmrons Mated in Macau marl do not nec011anly reDroSent OERI DOS akin Or MCI The six National Education Goals set by the nation's 4:1 governors and President Bush at the 1989 education summit fix a destination for all children to reach by the year 2000. The National Education Goals Panel (NEGP) was established in 1990 to measure the nation's progress toward reaching the goals during the decade of the nineties. Thus far, NEGP has produced two reports 11991, 1992) which show that some headway is being made in increasing high school completion rates (Goal 2) and in making schools safer and more drug-free environments (Goal 6). These same reports, however, show few signs of progress with respect to meeting Goals 3 and 4. Goal 3 calls for students to demonstrate competency in challenging subject matter (English, science, mathematics, history, and geography) in grades 4, 8, and 12, while Goal 4 stipulates that American students will be first in the world in science and mathematics achievement by the year 2000. The results of the International Assessment of Educational Progress (1.a Pointe, et al.. 1992a; 1992b) compared the mathematics, science. and geography performance of 13-year-old American students with that of their counterparts in eight developed nations PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
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Student Teachers’ Perceptions of And Attitudes Towards Teaching Practice Deployment in Zimbabwe - Siyakwazi, P.; Nyawaranda, V. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1993)
This paper presents results on the perceptions and attitudes of student teachers following the non-graduate Diploma in Education programme in 14 Primary and Secondary Teachers’ Colleges in Zimbabwe, towards Teaching Practice (TP) deployment and the implications of this deployment on their performance on final Teaching Practice assessment. A sample of 264 student teachers took part in the study which was conducted mainly by means of questionnaires and interviews on selected responses. The results show that student teachers hold views that differ from what others think of them on matters of deployment. Evidence indicates that both Primary and Secondary student teachers prefer being deployed in urban to rural schools. In the case of rural areas they show preference for mission rather than council schools.Where mission schools are well equipped, have facilities and proper accommodation and are easily accessible, student teachers consider they can perform well.
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INDIGENOUS TRAINING FOR A CHANGING SOUTH AFRICA - Thapisa, A.P.N. (Librarian Career Development, 1993)
Discusses what the most important aspects of training must be in a changing South Africa, where inequality in skills between Blacks and Whites is enormous and cuts in university education have reduced training departments for librarianship. Cost‐effective training is the priority, skill‐based training, relevance and job‐relatedness are some of the factors mentioned, which are critical to the success of any training programme. To be effective training must be carefully thought out and reflect the needs of the participants, as well as the organization.
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Interpersonal caring in the ?good? segregated schooling of African-American children: Evidence from the case of caswell county training school - Walker, Emilie V. Siddle (The Urban Review, 1993)
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Coping with Drought and Food Insecurity in Ethiopia - Webb, Patrick (Disasters, 1993)
In this article I examine the impact of drought on farm households in Ethiopia and their response to crisis conditions. I ask whether every household in a community is equally affected by drought and what households do to mitigate the effects of drought and associated food insecurity. Information on production, income and food consumption is disaggregated by agroecological zone (highland and lowland), and by socioeconomic strata (relatively wealthy versus poor). Such detailed analysis permits an improved understanding of why the poor are much more vulnerable than the wealthy to drought and associated famines and why they need to be more effectively targeted by relief and development interventions. In a world of limited public resources for crisis intervention, such understanding is crucial to the design of improved policies and projects for reaching people most at risk.
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Education for subordination? Some reflections on Kilemi Mwiria's account of African education in colonial Kenya - Whitehead, Clive (History of Education, 1993)
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Women and science education in Cameroon: Some critical reflections - Woodhouse, Howard; Ndongko, Theresa M. (Interchange (Toronto. 1984), 1993)
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Elements of "Good Teaching": A Comparison of Education Students' Perceptions in Botswana, California, Finland and Zimbabwe. - Yoder, John H. (1993)
The debate about what constitutes good teaching in the industrialized countries of the world tends to be carried over into the developing world without examining ways in which social and cultural contexts of the originating countries differ from those of the receiv'ng ones. This study explores differences in perceptions of elementary education students in four countries (Finland, United States, Botswana, and Zimbabwe) and the extent to which effective classroom practices and teaching methodologies interact with social norms and expectations. Teachers in training (N-279) from the four countries completed a two-part questionnaire identifying their own most effective and ineffective elementary school teacher and rank-ordering 14 teacher characteristics in terms of how important they thought each of these to have been in contributing toward making this teacher seem effective. Results indicate broad agreement among respondents with respect to effective and ineffective teacher characteristics; disagreement was reflected in terms of educational traditions and social and cultural contexts, which may lead to different philosophical assumptions about the role and purpose of education and teaching. (A summary of findings and rankings for each country is displayed in tabular form.) (Contains 32 references.) (LL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Elements of Good Teaching: A Comparison of Education Students' Perceptions in Botswana, California, Finland and Zimbabwe. John Yoder Larry Shaw Ben Siyakwazi Kaarina Yli-renko Fresno Pacific College San Diego University of University of 1717 S. Chestnut State Zimbabwe Turku Ave. University Harare Turku, Finland Fresno CA 93702 San Diego, CA Zimbabwe PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 9 f1 A.--TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) C This document has been reproduced as received from the PerSon or organization originating it C Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions slated in this document do not necessarily represent official OE RI position or policy A Paper Presented to the Annual Conference of the Comparative and International Education Society Annapolis, Maryland March 13-15, 1992
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Urban poverty and implications for social work training and practice: the Malawi scene - Kalemba, E. (1993)
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Urban poverty and implications for social work training and practice: the Malawi scene - Kalemba, E. (1993)
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Rethinking fieldwork education and practice in Southern Africa: lessons from Botswana - Ngwneya, Barbara N.; Mudede, Tracey (1993)
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Career Self-Efficacy and African American Secondary School Students: A Preliminary Analysis. - Stickel, Sue A.; Bonett, Rhonda M. (1993)
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Before the wind changed: people, places and education in the Sudan (Choice Reviews Online, 1993)
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Trichomoniasis amongst students of a higher institution in Nigeria. - Anosike, JC; Co., O.H. Bailey; Re, Inyang; Ji, Akoh; Be, Nwoke; Cm, Adeiyongo; Sn, Okoye; Ob, Akogun (PubMed, 1993)
A total of 2048 urine specimens were examined to assess the infection prevalence and epidemiological factors of T. vaginalis amongst students in a Nigerian higher institution. Five hundred and five students were infected (24.7%). This included 131 (15.6%) males and 374 (31.0%) females. More male than female students were found to be asymptomatic. Infection was significantly higher in females than males and in the second and third than the fourth and fifth decades of life (P < 0.05). Infection increases progressively with increase in the number of sexual partners. The use and neglect of condoms were also assessed. The pH range of the vagina of most infected females was between 5.8-8.2. Clinical symptoms noted among females were local tenderness, vulval pruritus and intermittent burning sensations in addition to profuse vaginal discharges. The public health implication of the findings and some epidemiological factors enhancing the disease transmission are presented.
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Gender Sensitivity in Public Management Education in Africa - Ayeni, Victor (International Journal of Public Sector Management, 1993)
The focus on women and gender‐related issues is clearly one of the most important concerns of development administration today. Against this background, examines the problem of ensuring that gender issues are fully incorporated into management education in Africa. The discussion elaborates on why and in what direction and strategies African universities, defined as the centre of the intellectual concerns raised, should take on the matter. Existing theories do not provide clear guidelines. Hence proposes some alternative possibilities based on the principle of representation and decentralized administration. It is noted that the challenge of sensitizing public management education in Africa to gender concerns is not solely an intellectual one. It has political elements too. In effect, therefore, it is important to reiterate the need to guarantee all relevant social groups′ meaningful participation in the development process.
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The effect of drought and economic decline on rural women in Western Sudan - Gray, L. E. (Geoforum, 1993)
This paper illustrates how long-term economic instability has combined with drought to make women in a small village in western Sudan more vulnerable to impoverishment. Increased drought and government insolvency and indifference have forced poor farmers to rely on local resources and coping strategies. A case study from Bireka village demonstrates differences in strategies between women and men, and among women of different ethnicities and social status. This paper describes how inequalities in agricultural production reflect social and economic constraints. These differences make it more difficult for women to accumulate assets and savings that are the primary insurance against a poor agricultural season. Women, however, have other options for income generation, but these too are severely affected by drought and economic decline. These crises have combined to change the nature of gender relations. While certainly rural populations, and especially women and children, are more vulnerable to future risks, the changing gender relations may be forming the foundation of new coping strategies in the face of ecological crisis.
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The paradox of black pupil enrolment growth rates in South African schools: Reply - Hosking, Stephen (Development Southern Africa, 1993)
"The paradox of black pupil enrolment growth rates in South African schools: Reply." Development Southern Africa, 10(1), pp. 119–120
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Oral hygiene habits and dental health awareness of Kenyan children aged 9-15 years in a peri-urban and urban school. - Jt, Kaimenyi; Fl, Ndungu; Maina, SW; Chindia, ML (PubMed, 1993)
The oral hygiene habits and dental health awareness of 541 Kenyan children from a peri-urban and urban school and aged 9-15 years, were investigated. 80.2% of the urban children and 43.1% of the peri-urban children had visited a dentist before. 12.4% of the urban children and 9.2% of the peri-urban children knew that bacteria cause dental caries. Over 87% of the children from either school knew that dental caries and periodontitis can be prevented. The main reason for visiting a dentist was to have tooth extraction. Failure to brush teeth was believed to be the cause of gingival bleeding by 38.9% of the peri-urban children and 37.6% of the urban children. 67.2% of the peri-urban children and 39.5% of the urban children brushed their teeth thrice daily. 21.1% of the peri-urban children and 2% of the urban children used a chewing stick to brush their teeth. More urban children (96.5%) used a toothbrush than peri-urban children (64.8%). None of the children from either school admitted using traditional cleaning aids such as the finger and charcoal. It is concluded that there were no consistent differences in oral hygiene habits and dental health awareness between peri-urban and urban children.
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Impact of school-type and sex of the teacher on female students' attitudes toward mathematics in Nigerian secondary schools - Mallam, Winifred (Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1993)
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Dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in handicapped children in Nairobi, Kenya. - Ohito, Florence; Opinya, GN; Wang’ombe, Joseph K (PubMed, 1993)
Dental caries, gingivitis and plaque experience in 449 handicapped children aged 5-15 years attending special schools in Nairobi were determined. An intervention programme to assess oral hygiene status was also instituted. Caries was found in 198 (44%) of these children with a mean DMFT of 0.8. The severity of caries increased with age. Gingivitis was found in 166 (37%) of the children while plaque was present in all sites examined. After treatment during intervention programme, there was marked reduction in the number of sites affected by gingivitis and those with plaque, showing that it is possible to institute a cheap and effective oral health programme in schools.
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The paradox of black pupil enrolment growth rates in South African schools: A rejoinder - Paterson, Andrew; Hodge, Duncan (Development Southern Africa, 1993)
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Problems for women in distance education at the University of Papua New Guinea - Phillip, Angie (Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 1993)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsAngie Phillip A second chance to take matriculation studies for those who did not reach National High School is provided through distance education at the University of Papua New Guinea. Despite the fact that this mode of education seems particularly appropriate for women, very few females even in the urban areas enrol in the matriculation programme. Angie Phillip of the Department of Extension Studies reports on questionnaire‐based research into the circumstances of study of women distance education students. The main difficulties hindering women from continuing their studies seem to be the interrelated problems of financial sponsorship and pressure from family and society not to continue education
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Preferred and Actual Learning Environments and the Approach to Learning of Nigerian Students - Watkins, D. Neil; Akande, Adebowale (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1993)
(1993). Preferred and Actual Learning Environments and the Approach to Learning of Nigerian Students. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 133, No. 1, pp. 105-107.
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Organ Culture with Proinflammatory Cytokines Reproduces Impairment of the β-Adrenoceptor-mediated Relaxation in Tracheas of a Guinea Pig Antigen Model - Wills‐Karp, Marsha; Uchida, Yoshiyuki; Lee, Joanna Y.; Jinot, Jennifer; Hirata, Aiko; Hirata, Fusao (American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 1993)
The challenge of previously sensitized guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin resulted in impairment of the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation as measured by the in vitro isometric assay of tracheas preconstricted with endothelin-1 or carbamylcholine. Numbers and affinities of beta-adrenoceptors in lung membranes of these animals were not altered under these conditions, although the antigen challenge caused an inflammatory response, as evident from the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. In order to investigate the pathophysiologic role of inflammation in hyperreactive airways, isolated guinea pig tracheas were cultured with proinflammatory cytokines such as human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), or interleukin-2 (IL-2). None of these cytokines affected the contractile response of tracheas to carbamylcholine. After preconstriction with carbamylcholine, the TNF-alpha- and IL-1 beta-pretreated tissues produced a significant reduction in the maximal relaxation induced by isoproterenol, whereas the IL-2 pretreatment had no effect. The reduction of the isoproterenol-mediated relaxation by the IL-1 beta treatment was time and dose dependent. Our present observations suggest that in vitro incubation of naive tracheas with proinflammatory cytokines is able to reproduce apparent beta-adrenoceptor impairment as seen in the airways of antigen-challenged guinea pigs of asthma model.
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Organ Culture with Proinflammatory Cytokines Reproduces Impairment of the β-Adrenoceptor-mediated Relaxation in Tracheas of a Guinea Pig Antigen Model - Wills‐Karp, Marsha; Uchida, Yoshiyuki; Lee, Joanna Y.; Jinot, Jennifer; Hirata, Aiko; Hirata, Fusao (American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 1993)
The challenge of previously sensitized guinea pigs with aerosolized ovalbumin resulted in impairment of the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation as measured by the in vitro isometric assay of tracheas preconstricted with endothelin-1 or carbamylcholine. Numbers and affinities of beta-adrenoceptors in lung membranes of these animals were not altered under these conditions, although the antigen challenge caused an inflammatory response, as evident from the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. In order to investigate the pathophysiologic role of inflammation in hyperreactive airways, isolated guinea pig tracheas were cultured with proinflammatory cytokines such as human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), or interleukin-2 (IL-2). None of these cytokines affected the contractile response of tracheas to carbamylcholine. After preconstriction with carbamylcholine, the TNF-alpha- and IL-1 beta-pretreated tissues produced a significant reduction in the maximal relaxation induced by isoproterenol, whereas the IL-2 pretreatment had no effect. The reduction of the isoproterenol-mediated relaxation by the IL-1 beta treatment was time and dose dependent. Our present observations suggest that in vitro incubation of naive tracheas with proinflammatory cytokines is able to reproduce apparent beta-adrenoceptor impairment as seen in the airways of antigen-challenged guinea pigs of asthma model.
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The Parent Professional Partnership: African American Parents' Participation in the Special Education Process. Final Report. - Allen, Norma N. (1993)
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Storm and Sanctuary: The Journey of Ethiopian and Eritrean Women Refugees. By Helene Moussa. Ontario: Artemis Enterprises, 1993. xiv + 284 pp. $18.95. ISBN 1-895247-08-X (Journal of Refugee Studies, 1993)
Storm and Sanctuary: The Journey of Ethiopian and Eritrean Women Refugees. By Helene Moussa. Ontario: Artemis Enterprises, 1993. xiv + 284 pp. $18.95. ISBN 1-895247-08-X Get access Madawi Al-Rasheed Madawi Al-Rasheed Nuffield College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 6, Issue 4, 1993, Pages 432–433, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/6.4.432 Published: 01 January 1993
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College Education and Unmarried African-American Mothers (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1993)
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Environmental education in South African nature reserves: promoting desirable resource utilization practices (Biological Conservation, 1993)
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The Law Schools Preferred by African Americans (Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 1993)
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Workshop on Training of Agricultural Information Trainers, Dakar, Senegal 15-19 June 1992 (African Research & Documentation, 1993)
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Education for all in Kenya, improving access and retention of marginal groups within the school system - Abagi, Jared O. (1993)
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Financing of Education in Kenya, UNDP/Govemment of Kenya Project - Abagi, Okwach; Okumbe, Joshua A (1993)
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Adult education and rural development in Nigeria - Abama, E.A.; Mangvwat, Joyce (1993)
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MANAGEMENT TRAINING IN LIGHT OF DEREGULATION OF THE EGYPTIAN TRANSPORT INDUSTRY - Abbas, K. (1993)
Management of transport companies is becoming an increasingly complex and sophisticated task. There is a need for managers with high levels of expertise and communication skills. Where these skills are not available within a company, this may entail bringing them from outside. Among all these companies there is a strong desire to increase management professionalism and company image. Training can be looked upon as contributing both to the development of the organisation as well as to the betterment of individuals. Strategically, training aims to foster the business success and growth of the transport industry through manpower development. This is meant to improve the value of the companies most valuable asset, their workforce. In this paper the components of the training process are discussed. These include: knowledge of organisational goals, setting of training objectives, assessment of training needs, design of training, delivery of training, measuring training outputs, and evaluation of training. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 863864.
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South African Muslims and education - Adam, A. (1993)
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Management training needs of Nigerian indigenous contractors and their preferred training delivery systems - Adams, Olugboyega A. (1993)
This study investigated the management training needs and the preferred training delivery systems of owner-managers of small/medium sized indigenous construction firms in South West Nigeria. It also identified the major difficulties experienced in the industry by this group of contractors and the support programmes they perceive as most important to improving their performance. Two sets of questionnaire survey instruments were designed to be used by contractors and professionals and 200 questionnaires were distributed to samples of respective groups selected by non-random sampling techniques. The average response rate was 35%. The responses were analysed using the Stat view statistical package on Apple Macintosh computer. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation coefficients between contractors and professionals were either substantial or very high on support programmes, training needs and delivery systems items. Though contractors and professionals do not agree on all the items constituting problems to contractors in the industry, further analyses showed that they strongly agree that the most critical problems are: uncertainties in supplies and prices of materials, access to capital, obtaining regular work and obtaining interim payments from clients. The most desired support programmes are those that will alleviate these critical problems. The contractors sampled perceived management training as very important to their development. The categories of training topics most desired are accounting and financial management, entrepreneurial studies, construction project management and estimating and tendering. The most preferred training suppliers are educational institutions and professional bodies and the most preferred trainers are construction consultants and academics. Participative training methods and other methods involving collaborative experiential exercises are the most preferred. Training is most preferred to be continuous, once weekly for a period of time and for a whole day session, preferably in the rainy season. No statistical significant relationship could be found to exist between personal and organisational characteristics of the contractors sampled and their perception of the importance of training, training needs and preferred training delivery systems. Despite limitations of the study in respect of sampling techniques and sample size, the study provides new insights to facilitate development of more effective contractor training programmes for small/medium contractors in Nigeria.
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Differences between student perceptions of the actual and the preferred science laboratory classroom learning environments at a South African college of education - Adams, W. E. (1993)
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The Muslim Woman and Technical Education in Nigeria - Adamu, Muhammad (The Islamic quarterly, 1993)
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A Report on Training in Project Planning and Management for South African Women - Addai, G.K.; Sawyerr, Harry (1993)
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Towards effective teaching and learning of Islamic studies in secondary schools in the Oyo State of Nigeria: A case study - Aderinoye, Rashid (1993)
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AIDS and Related Issues: the views of junior secondary teachers in Botswana - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele; Tabulawa, Richard (Educational studies, 1993)
Summary Two hundred and four teachers responded to a questionnaire which sought information on their support, or not, for the teaching of AIDS‐related topics in schools, the isolation of AIDS‐infected students from schools, and their preference for three AIDS prevention messages as prepared by the Botswana Ministry of Health. Results indicated that the vast majority of the teachers favoured the teaching of AIDS‐related topics to students and the use of condoms while all of them frowned at the isolation of AIDS‐infected students from schools. It was concluded that the curriculum developers should help design a curriculum relevant to the teaching of AIDS and the need for parents and other members of society to ensure an epidemic‐free environment.
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Some Correlates of Nigerian Students’ Performances in Chemical Problem‐solving - Adigwe, J. C. (Research in Science & Technological Education, 1993)
Abstract This study aimed at identifying some correlates of students’ performances in chemical problem‐solving at the secondary school level. The sample consisted of 260 fifth form chemistry students randomly selected from two urban schools and two rural schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research instruments were three written tests, an attitude scale and the Group Test of Logical Thinking (Tobin & Capie, 1981). The analyses of the students’ written responses revealed that students’ attitudes, possession of the relevant chemical and mathematical knowledge/skills and ability to think logically were significantly related to students’ performances in problem‐solving.
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International educational assistance to disadvantaged South Africans : proceedings of the follow-up conference organized by the United Nations Educational and Training Programme for South Africa, New York, 8-9 September 1992 - Africa, Training Programme for Southern (1993)
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Nigerian government publications on education - Agboola, A.T. (Government Information Quarterly, 1993)
Abstract This article examines the nature and sources of Nigerian government publications on education from the colonial period to 1991. Nigerian government publications are difficult to trace and acquire because of their limited print runs, grossly inadequate distribution outlets, and poor bibliographical control. Furthermore, in the last 25 years, there has been a proliferation of government publications. In addition to highlighting sources, the article examines retrospective and current bibliographies. While retrospective coverage is adequate up to 1976, much remains to be done to improve current bibliographies. Government printers, ministries, and other official bodies should produce lists of their publications at regular intervals, while the National Library of Nigeria should overhaul its procedures for enforcing the legal deposit law and educate officials responsible for issuing government publications.
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The Impact of Adult Deaths From AIDS and Other Causes on School Enrollment and Attendence in Tanzania - Ainsworth, Martha; Koda, Godlike (1993)
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Learners' errors in French; aspects of Nigerian evidence. - Ajiboye, Tunde (ITL – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1993)
Preview this article: Learners' errors in French; aspects of Nigerian evidence., Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/itl.101-102.02aji-1.gif
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A study on quality of life issues: adults with visual impairment in the Nigerian population - Ajuwon, Paul M. (1993)
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An Investigation of Some Features of the Psychosocial Learning Environment in Some Nigerian Secondary Schools[1] - Akindehin, Folajimi (Research in Science & Technological Education, 1993)
Abstract This study investigated features of the classroom‐ and school‐level psychosocial learning environments in some secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Previous studies in other parts of the world revealed that learning environment contributes more to variations in learning outcome than do student background characteristics. In the study reported here, the effect of school age on classroom‐ and school‐level learning environments was investigated. Also interrelations among classroom‐ and school‐level environment variables were investigated. Three learning environment instruments were adapted for the study. It was found that age of a school has no effect on classroom‐ and school‐level psychosocial learning environments. The presumed superiority of ‘old’ schools over ‘new’ schools in the provision of favourable learning environments is not supported from this study.
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Strategy for wildlife conservation education in Ghana - Akorsu, Henry Yao; Fordjour, J. S. K. (1993)
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Screening for Drought Tolerance in Kenyan Commercial Wheat Varieties and Introduced Lines - Akundabweni, L. M. S.; Kinyua, M. G.; Wanga, hen; Ayiecho, PO (1993)
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Drought assessment in Namibia - Albrecht, Rachel I.; Amakali, Maria; Grobler, A.J. (Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Conference of the SADCC-Land and Water Management Research Programme, 1993)
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Professional education and subsequent careers: a follow-up study of former students of the Department of Library and Archival Studies, University of Ghana, Legon - Alemna, A.A. (Education for Information, 1993)
This survey collected information on the careers and views of former students of the graduate diploma programme in library studies at the University of Ghana. The findings are compared with results of an earlier study. The results showed, among others, that the library profession in Ghana is still male dominated, and also there is a rising rate of unemployment among professional librarians. As in the case of the previous study, there are suggestions for a review of the programme of the Library School.
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Winning students over to science, the role of schools, school administrators and parents in Nigeria - Ali, Ahmad Fahruddin; Akubue, A. I. (Discovery and Innovation, 1993)
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Damage to plants due to industrial pollution and their use as bioindicators in Egypt - Ali, E.A. (Environmental Pollution, 1993)
Effects of industrial air pollution on growth parameters of clover and Egyptian mallow were examined at three locations in the industrial area of Shoubra Elkheima, north of Cairo. Symptoms of plant damage appeared in the form of chlorosis and necrotic patterns. The decrease in chlorophyll reached more than 60% in plants cultivated in the industrial region. Plant growth and dry weights were reduced by more than 50%. The reduction in chlorophyll and growth parameters was correlated with the concentrations of air pollutants measured in the atmosphere of the locations examined. Moreover, clover and Egyptian mallow plants cultivated in the region of Shoubra Elkheima accumulated lead and cadmium, which can pass into the human food chain. It is concluded that these plants can be used as biomonitors for industrial air pollution.
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Agrarian transformation in arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) in Kenya - cross country evidences in Kenya and India in development of drought tracts - Amayi, Jairus Boston (1993)
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Education and politics in Namibia - Amukugo, Elizabeth Magano (1993)
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Education and politics in Namibia: Past trends and future prospects - Amukugo, Elizabeth Magano (1993)
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A Growth Patterns of Nigerian Primary School Age Children: Implications for Sports Participation - Amusa, L.O.; Blade, L.; Agbonjimi, A.P.; Akintunde, G (1993)
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Exposure to air pollution from transitional household fuels in a South African population. - Ap, Terblanche; Cm, Nel; Opperman, Lynne A.; Nyikos, H (PubMed, 1993)
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Exposure to air pollution from transitional household fuels in a South African population. - Ap, Terblanche; Cm, Nel; Opperman, Lynne A.; Nyikos, H (PubMed, 1993)
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Perceptions of selected agriculture educators towards the introduction of pre-vocational agriculture in Swaziland high schools - Asante, K.K.; Lesabe, O. (1993)
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Engineering Education in Papua New Guinea - Atkins, G.R. (1993)
A brief explanation of engineering education in the Papua New Guinea is given. Several papers state specific targets about the promotion of engineering in Papua. Plans are developed in order to move this project systematically.
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Effect of shifting cultivation on an upland volcanic soil in north-west Cameroon - Aweto, A. O.; Bongfen, L.J. (1993)
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Gender Issues in Technical Teachers' Education: The Nigerian Example - Azikiwe, Uche (Vocational Education, 1993)
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From prototype to a model : entrepreneurship in secondary school teacher education (ESSTE) in Papua New Guinea : a research study presented to the Department of Development Studies, Massey University. In partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Philosophy - Bablis, Felix Gregory (1993)
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Teaching Cases from the Royal Marsden Hospital Case 7: An East African with fever - Bain, Barbara J.; Matutes, Estella; Catovsky, Daniel (Leukemia & lymphoma (CD-ROM), 1993)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Haemophagocytic syndromestuberculosisAIDSMalignanthistiocytosis
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Shortage of Science and Mathematics Teachers: A Nigerian Case Study. Science, Technology and Mathematics Education. - Bajah, Sam Tunde (1993)
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Illiteracy, Colonial Legacy and Education: the case of modern Sierra Leone - Banya, Kingsley (Comparative Education, 1993)
(1993). Illiteracy, Colonial Legacy and Education: the case of modern Sierra Leone. Comparative Education: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 159-170.
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A Systemic Approach to Creating an Effective Academic Environment for African American Students: Lessons from a Private School. Occasional Paper #7. - Beady, Charles H.; Beady, Maxine O. (1993)
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RESEARCH AND FIELDWORK EXPERIENCE: Principal Investigator, dissertation research project funded by NSF and Fulbright IIE on womens work and womens health in the rapidly changing economic climate of Swaziland, southern Africa. Conducted in affiliation with the University of Swazilands Social Science Research Unit and the National Nutrition Council of Swaziland. - Behrman, Carolyn (1993)
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Training waterbird counters to monitor wetlands in Kenya: Progress and prospects - Bennun, Leon; Gichuki, Nathan (1993)
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The Bou Medfaa (Algeria) earthquake of 7 November 1959 - Benouar, Djillali (Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1993)
Abstract The Bou Medfaa earthquake of 7 November 1959 occurred at 2 h 32 min 7 s (GMT); it is one of the most destructive seismic events that central Algeria experienced this century. The main shock, which lasted 8 s in Bou Medfaa, caused only two injuries but made at least 500 homeless; it destroyed or heavily damaged more than 80% of the houses, farms and public buildings in Bou Medfaa and its immediate surroundings. Poor-quality constructions were the main cause of the damage. The total cost of damage was estimated at 300 million French francs. The earthquake was preceded by two slight foreshocks and followed by a series of lower intensity aftershocks. It was associated with slight surface ground fissures in Bou Medfaa. Compilation and detailed study of the contemporary source documents relative to this earthquake have led to the reconstruction of its macroseismic field and thus to the re-assessment of the strength of the ground shaking. Intensities were re-evaluated anew in many sites. Maximum intensity has been re-estimated at I 0 = VIII (MSK), assigned to Bou Medfaa, Hammam Righa and their close vicinities, an area about 8 km radius. The shock was felt as far as Dellys 150 km away with intensity III (MSK). From the intensity data, the macroseismic epicentre was located slightly north of Bou Medfaa at 36·41°N, 2·48°E, and an isoseismal map of the main shock has been constructed. The surface-wave magnitude has been calculated, without station corrections, at 4·90 (±0·40). The instrumental epicentre has been relocated, using the present location procedure of the ISC, at 36·38°N, 2·55°E. The analysis of destructive earthquakes provides a fundamental means for the reduction of future seismic catastrophes by suggesting new ways of improving local construction procedures, building materials, strengthening and properly repairing existing structures and implantation of new urban and rural settlements.
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Education for all between wish and reality: the example of a Human Resource Development Project (HRDP) in Senegal - Bensalah, Kacem (1993)
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Action Research in South Africa: Classroom Transformation in a Political Cauldron. - Berg, Owen van den; Meerkotter, Dirk (1993)
This paper discusses educational policies of teacher education in South Africa. The predominant theory of the Afrikaner ruling elite, Christian National Education, and its teaching style, Fundamental Pedagogics, structures schools on an authoritarian, paternalistic framework that perpetuates apartheid. Because teacher education was controlled through departments of education for each ethnic group, all of which were under the government control, the twin purposes of separation and inequality were successfully implemented from the passage of the Bantu Education Act in 1953 until the student protests that began with the Soweto uprising in 1976. As opposed to the Afrikaner universities, the English language universities began to look for ways to contribute towards changing the way initial teacher education was conducted, and towards opportunities for alternative forms of inservice teacher training (INSET). The Soweto uprising significantly accelerated the entry of private agencies into the field of INSET. Four types of nongovernmental INSET programs emerged: (1) those undertaken by universities, always with a research component; (2) those operating under the management of independent organizations set up especially for the purpose; (3) those run by bodies with wider interests for which INSET was but one activity; and (4) INSET agencies that have grown out of local community actions. The development of Peoples' Education and the action research programs developed in some of the universities are described. The most characteristic feature of the action research initiatives in the South African context has been their clear commitment to linking the political and the educational in a concerted effort to stimulate educational and social transformation. (DK)
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A comparative study of adult literacy education practices in francophone and anglophone West Africas - Biao, Idowu (1993)
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K-Ar and fission track ages of the last volcano tectonic phase in the Ethiopian Rift Valley (Tullu Moye' Area). In: Geology and mineral resources of Somalia and surrounding regions - Bigazzi, G.; Bonadonna, Francescopaolo; Paola, G. M. Di; Giuliani, O. (1993)
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An Appraisal on Counseling in Distance Education in Tanzania - Biswalo, Hichael Feto (1993)
This study was set out in order to determine the extent to which counselling was carried out in distance education institutions in Tanzania. Since counselling has been considered to be an important service to learners at a distance, it would be of interest to find out the extent to which it is carried out in relation with distance education programmes in Tanzania. To highlight the research problem, the study reviewed literature connected with counselling vis-a-vis distance education. We observe that the level of counselling is closely linked to the paradigms of distance education. The less the quality of distance education programme, the more counselling programmes would be required. The study then described distance education institutions' programmes and their clientele for whom counselling needs to be provided. Nevertheless some empirical studies on counselling ln conventional training institutions were reviewed. To investigate the research problem, the study worked out a population sample drawn out from two distance education institutions namely, the Co-operative Education Centre (C.E.C.) and the National Correspondence Institution (N.C.I.). Both of these are directly ~ponsored by the Tanzanian government. The respondents comprised distance learners and 21 distance tutors from institutions mentioned above 66 both the study employed one sampling technique that is, random sampling. It was used to select a sample that would yield generalizable research data. The research design in this study was a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. However, the survey approach was mainly adopted leading it to some description. The methods included documentary reviews, and Questionnaire. Data analysis involved item analysis and calculations in percentages. Results indicated that counseling was inadequately practiced in distance education institutions specifically in relation to distance learners' problems and tutor counseling in areas such as training. However, though a little practice of counseling, there was a need to strengthen tutor-counseling in the two distance education institutions in Tanzania
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An Appraisal on Counseling in Distance Education in Tanzania - Biswalo, Hichael Feto (1993)
This study was set out in order to determine the extent to which counselling was carried out in distance education institutions in Tanzania. Since counselling has been considered to be an important service to learners at a distance, it would be of interest to find out the extent to which it is carried out in relation with distance education programmes in Tanzania. To highlight the research problem, the study reviewed literature connected with counselling vis-a-vis distance education. We observe that the level of counselling is closely linked to the paradigms of distance education. The less the quality of distance education programme, the more counselling programmes would be required. The study then described distance education institutions' programmes and their clientele for whom counselling needs to be provided. Nevertheless some empirical studies on counselling ln conventional training institutions were reviewed. To investigate the research problem, the study worked out a population sample drawn out from two distance education institutions namely, the Co-operative Education Centre (C.E.C.) and the National Correspondence Institution (N.C.I.). Both of these are directly ~ponsored by the Tanzanian government. The respondents comprised distance learners and 21 distance tutors from institutions mentioned above 66 both the study employed one sampling technique that is, random sampling. It was used to select a sample that would yield generalizable research data. The research design in this study was a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. However, the survey approach was mainly adopted leading it to some description. The methods included documentary reviews, and Questionnaire. Data analysis involved item analysis and calculations in percentages. Results indicated that counseling was inadequately practiced in distance education institutions specifically in relation to distance learners' problems and tutor counseling in areas such as training. However, though a little practice of counseling, there was a need to strengthen tutor-counseling in the two distance education institutions in Tanzania
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Stable isotope analyses of the peralkaline volcanics, Gregory Rift Valley, Kenya. - Black, Stuart; MacDonald, Raymond J.; Fallick, A.E.; Kelly, M. (Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 1: A-F, 1993)
Delta O-18 analyses of the Naivasha rhyolites, basalts, Menengai trachytes and the Yatta phonolite are presented together with D/H analyses of the Naivasha rhyolites. Delta O-18 results vary from 5.7 to 8.9 per mill which is within the reported range of delta O-18 analyses for continental volcanics. Closure temperatures calulated from the basalts and rhyolites show equilibration to be at magmatic temperatures. D/H values range from -40 to -148 per mill indicating that the rhyolites have undergone large scale degasssing.
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Degree training and research in agricultural education and the quality of teaching at the Botswana College of Agriculture : Report mission to BCA, Gaborone, Botswana - Bor, W. van den; den, van (1993)
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Viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school Nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications. - Br, Johnson; Osinusi, K; Aderele, WI; Tomori, Oyewale (PubMed, 1993)
In a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), at the University College Hospital, UCH, Ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. The respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. The viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 5 (14.3%) of influenza virus type A, 4 (11.4%) of parainfluenza virus type 1 and 2 (5.7%) of influenza virus type B. Two or more viral agents were identified in as many as 10 (41.7%) of the 24 IF positive secretions, 8 (80.0%) of which were obtained from children with features of protein energy malnutrition. Twenty subjects had both virological and bacteriological analyses, in 8 (40.0%) of whom co-existing bacteraemia was identified. Four (50.0%) of these blood culture positive subjects, also had features of overt malnutrition. Neither the age nor the sex was significantly related to the viral identifications (P > 0.81 & 0.35 respectively). Similarly, the final respiratory diagnoses were not significantly related to the viral identifications despite the seemingly suggestive relationship between a diagnosis of croup and parainfluenza identifications as well as that between pneumonia and RSV/parainfluenza type 3 identifications. It is concluded that the high proportion of positive viral identifications is a pointer to the importance of viruses as possible primary etiological agents of ALRI in countries of the West African sub-region and perhaps in developing countries of other tropical subregions. The multiplicity of microbial identifications (viruses and bacteria), seen in malnourished children, may explain the clinical severity of ALRI in the same group of children. The usefulness of IF as a rapid diagnostic tool, as well as the potential implications of our findings on ARI control in developing countries, are discussed.
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Informal education through cultural communication process in a traditional Nigerian society - Braimoh, Dele (1993)
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From Honduras to Hungary to the Gambia: Environmental Education and the Peace Corps. - Braus, Judy (Nature Study, 1993)
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Hydrochemical response during storm events in a South African mountain catchment: the influence of antecedent conditions - Britton, Damon; Day, Jenny A.; Henshall-Howard, M.-P. (Hydrobiologia, 1993)
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Community-Based Approaches for Individuals with Mental Handicap: An African Experience. - Brouilette, Ron; Mariga, Lilian (1993)
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Do African-Americans Need Immersion Schools? The Paradoxes Created by Legal Conceptualization of Race and Public Education - Brown, Kevin D. (Iowa Law Review, 1993)
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Drought Policy in the Republic of South Africa - Bruwer, J. J. (1993)
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Reflections on art programmes in African schools - Buck, David (1993)
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Further Education Needs of Women in the Informal Sector - The Example of Duterimbere in Rwanda - Burckhardt, Gisela (Adult Education and Development, 1993)
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METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN FEATHERS OF BIRDS FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA FORESTS: EVIDENCE OF POLLUTION - Burger, Joanna; Laska, Mark S.; Gochfeld, Michael (Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1993)
Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryVolume 12, Issue 7 p. 1291-1296 Article Metal concentrations in feathers of birds from Papua New Guinea forests: Evidence of pollution Joanna Burger, Corresponding Author Joanna Burger Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this authorMark Laska, Mark Laska Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this authorMichael Gochfeld, Michael Gochfeld Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this author Joanna Burger, Corresponding Author Joanna Burger Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this authorMark Laska, Mark Laska Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this authorMichael Gochfeld, Michael Gochfeld Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855 Environmental and Community Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120719Citations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract We used the feathers of seven species of birds from New Guinea highland forests to examine concentrations of heavy metals and selenium. We tested the null hypotheses that there were no species, food type, or elevation differences in the concentrations of mercury, lead, cadmium, selenium, chromium, and manganese in the feathers of adults. All species had nondetectable levels of mercury (< 10 ppb). There were significant species differences in cadmium, lead, chromium, selenium, and manganese. Common smokey honeyeaters (Melipotes fumigatus, a fruit and flower feeder) had the lowest levels of all metals; blue-grey robin (Peneothello cyanus, mainly insectivorous) had the highest cadmium and manganese; and several species of birds of paradise (mainly frugivorous) had the highest lead levels. Lead levels were relatively high compared to those reported from feathers of other birds, attributable to the use of leaded gasoline. Citing Literature Volume12, Issue7July 1993Pages 1291-1296 RelatedInformation
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17. Promoting women’s enterprises: what Africa can learn from Latin America - Buviníc, Mayra (1993)
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A survey of English teacher's opinions in the Johannesburg area on a language policy for education in a post-apartheid South Africa - Cachalia, Nazira (1993)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Education University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Master of Education. Johannesburg 1993
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Labour History and Worker Education in South Africa - Callinicos, Luli (Labour History, 1993)
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The rhetoric of Black English vernacular: a study of the oral and written discourse practices of African American male college students - Campbell, Kermit E. (1993)
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"Learning Gender: field work in a Tanzanian coastal village, l965 85" - Caplan, Pat (1993)
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I went to Zambia to teach. - Carlyle, M S (PubMed, 1993)
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Burkina Faso : assessment of the agricultural training system - Casas, Jérôme; Kawalec, A.; Cortot, Jérôme (1993)
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Mauritania : assessment of the agricultural training system - Casas, Jérôme; Parker, D.; Yriarte, F. (1993)
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Issues in African American Education. - Cash, Kriner; Gill, Walter (Journal of Negro Education, 1993)
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Auditing African-American and Hispanic Student Attrition and Satisfaction in University Environments: Can We Learn to Retain Them?. - Castle, Evangeline McConnell (1993)
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The impact of language policy on education in Botswana - Chabanne, André; Tsonope, J.; Nyati-Ramahobo, Lydia (Mosenodi, 1993)
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Muslims and modern education in Tanzania - Chande, Abdin (Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 1993)
(1993). Muslims and modern education in Tanzania. Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal: Vol. 14, No. 1-2, pp. 1-16.
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Female Adolescent Health and Sexuality Study in Kenyan Secondary Schools - Chege, Irene Njeri; My, Okumu (1993)
Findings are presented from the 1992 AMREF Community Health Department nationwide survey conducted in Kenya on adolescent health and sexuality among 9997 female students from 148 secondary schools. 34% of the young women had had sexual intercourse at least once. The age at first intercourse was below 15 years for 36% of sexually experienced girls. 46% of the sexually active girls had not planned to have intercourse 18% had ever used contraception 64.1% had had sex with just one partner 18.6% had had sex with two partners 21% planned to have sexual intercourse again within 3 months of the data collection period and 42% of those who conceived had an abortion. 68.6% had first intercourse with a boy of similar age 25.6% with an older boy 3.2% with a girl of similar age 1.3% with an older girl 0.3% with a father or stepfather and 1.0% with someone else. The girls were adequately informed about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) but were misinformed about AIDS. Pregnancy abortion STDs and school dropout generally stemmed from ignorance lack of contraceptive use and poor guidance. The influence of these causative factors upon the adverse consequences of adolescent sexuality can be reduced with proper information management and services. Ethnicity religion type of school and the status of participants were some factors associated with and influencing female adolescents sexual behavior.
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[An experimental study of hearing loss caused by mumps virus in guinea pigs]. - Chen, Yan‐Xia (PubMed, 1993)
Guinea pigs were inoculated with mumps virus into the scala tympani to establish an experimental animal model of viral labyrinthitis. Electrophysiological reactions of the inner ears were assessed by ECoG and histopathological changes of the cochleas were investigated under light and electron microscopes. Viral lesions or/and proliferation were demonstrated in 19 out of 25 cochleas. Compound action potential (CAP)N1 thresholds for the nineteen cochleas showed very significant elevations (P < 0.001) after inoculation with mumps virus. This study revealed that viral labyrinthitis caused by mumps virus presented various lesions in the stria vascularis, Reissner's membrane, basilar membrane and Corti's organ. Viral particles were found in the marginal, intermediate and capillary endothelial cells of striae vascularis. Pathological changes of the hair cells of the experimental animals were closely associated with elevations of CAP thresholds, the more serious pathological changes, the higher the CAP thresholds.
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A study of the quality of literacy education in Zimbabwe : proposal - Chombo, I. M. C. (1993)
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Disability, stress and military occupation in the Gaza strip - Clark, Lindsay Mitchell (1993)
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7. Zimbabwe: forming a disability movement - Coleridge, P. T. (1993)
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