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necessary that countries become less vulnerable to climate variability.Also without adaptation, future climate change is likely to slow down economic growth of West and Southern African countries.To reduce the impact of climate variability and change on African countries significant investment in water infrastructure is necessary in addition to a range of other non-structural measurers.
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In post-Apartheid South Africa, women are constitutionally guaranteed protections and freedoms that were previously unknown to them. These freedoms may have positive implications for women's ability to negotiate sexual protection with partners and hence prevent unintended pregnancy and decrease their risk of HIV. Among tertiary institution students, who are a relatively 'privileged' group, there is little information on gender norms that might shape responses to HIV-prevention programmes. To...
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The Coast Region of Tanzania with its huge potential and opportunities for development is faced with a serious dilemma related to differential effects of climate change on the livelihoods of people.There are two basic issues.The first is knowledge management at the formal and informal level.The assumption that local people have no adaptation capacity is erroneous (Mascarenhas 2006).Secondly, in contrast 'scientific knowledge' is open to all manner of emphasises and perhaps even manipulations...
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This article explores governors’ perceptions of the role played by school principals in the democratic governance of secondary schools in South Africa. The South African Schools Act No. 84 of 1996 has mandated that all public schools in South Africa must have democratically elected school governing bodies, comprised of the principal (in his or her official capacity), educators, non‐teaching staff, parents and learners, but the latter is applicable only in secondary schools. This reform is...
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I argue that parent participation in SGBs is an important ingredient in building democracy in the schooling system, as well as in the wider society of South Africa. At some schools in South Africa, parents are not yet playing their full role as governors mandated by legislation. Parents at some rural schools are reluctant to participate in the decision-making by School Governing Bodies (SGBs) as a result of their low educational level or of power struggles in SGBs. In some former model C...
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training; the introduction of billing systems designed to allow customers to analyze their energy encouraging energy efficient investments; A strong conclusion for a whole range of adaptation strategies is that a substantial increase in RD&D for new energy technologies as well as for technology transfer is needed in Uganda.Promoting relevant research; and the development of better regulatory legislation, Promoting research in the energy sector; promoting the use of the Clean Development...