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This chapter addresses one aspect of a vast and complex issue how did Ramesside scribal students learn to write their Late Egyptian dialect. The scribes who wrote the Miscellanies appear to have been relatively advanced in their training and can be justly called apprentice scribes. In the case of the Miscellanies, we can suppose that either the student scribe or his teacher has checked the completion (and accuracy) of the copy against the master document, unit by unit. It probably can never...
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Libya is well placed to profit from climate change at the same time as it strives to achieve environmental sustainability. Libya's challenge is to allocate its oil export revenues to making water sustainable as fast as possible; first by basing desalination on solar energy, and second by converting its water pumps that extract fossil water, the ‘great man-made river’, to solar electricity. At the same time Libya can become the world's biggest exporter of sustainable solar electricity to...
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Kiswahili is the African lingua franca of Tanzania. In the education system it serves as the language of instruction at primary school level. From secondary school and onwards, however the medium of instruction is English. This is an issue that has caused a lot of debate over the years. Many publications and a lot of research on the issue suggest that the current language policy is an obstacle to effective learning and teaching because students as well as lecturers are not sufficiently...
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This study is an investigation of stress and coping among African American students at a predominantly White college/university (PWCU) and a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and their relationship to academic performance. Participants were 203 African American students (101 from a mid-size predominantly White midwestern state university and 102 from an HBCU located on the East Coast). Perceived stress, minority status stress, and coping behaviors were measured. Multivariate...
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ResumenEste articulo discute los resultados del proceso de evaluacion participativa de Ashreat Al Amal (“Velas de Esperanza”), una telenovela radial con formato de entretenimiento-educativo desarrollada en Sudan. A traves de dinamicas de dibujo y fotografia participativa, los autores pudieron apreciar como oyentes activos de la telenovela se relacionaban con esta y eran afectados por sus contenidos educativos. Los dibujos y fotografias de los y las participantes de la evaluacion muestran una...
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Purpose. Studies both in North America and Europe have found that deaf individuals lack access to AIDS information, due to problems in communication, low literacy and tightly woven social networks within the deaf community. However few comparable studies are available from countries in the Developing World. The present study was undertaken in Nigeria where there is an estimated adult HIV prevalence rate of 5.4%. We sought to compare HIV knowledge among deaf and hearing individuals in order...
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ligustrazine and acupuncture used separately or together on apoptotic activity and expression of apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 and bax in spiral ganglion cells of guinea pigs with gentamicin-induced hearing loss.Methods The model of sen- sorineurel hearing loss was prepared by consecutive intra-peritoneal injection with gentamycin(100mg/ kg·d)for 10 days among guinea pig.Then,the animal models were randomly divided into several groups...
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This article analyzes the evolution of education, health expenditure and economic development in 39 African countries for the period 2000-2005, which shows that the low levels of health expenditure in many Africa countries are far from evolving to the necessary speed to meet the social demand. We find that the main causes of this bad situation are the low levels of economic development and the low levels of international cooperation to increase average years of schooling of population. We...
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When medical education became established in Africa, many curricula were adopted from the West so as to achieve comparable standards in training. Over the last half a century however, major global pedagogical shifts have occurred in medical education without African keeping pace.This article reviews key pedagogical changes and other innovations in medical education that have occurred over the last half a century as reported in the literature and identifies some of the issues that need to be...
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The emphasis placed in the existing South African school production function literature on better skilled teachers and better school management is discussed. Ordinary least squares and hierarchical linear production function models, using 2000 SACMEQ data, for the country and for a sub-set of historically disadvantaged schools, are constructed. Ways of making the results more readable for policymakers are explored. The importance of physical infrastructure, textbook and nutrition budgets is...
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The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of seasonality and prevalence of winter- and summer-type seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in African immigrant college students in comparison with African American peers. A convenience sample of 246 African immigrants and 599 African Americans studying in Washington, D.C. completed the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), which was used to calculate a global seasonality score (GSS) and to estimate the prevalence of winter-...
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We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of seasonality in a vulnerable population, i.e., African students who migrated to a temperate climate. Consistent with previous cross-sectional studies, we hypothesized lower mood and energy, and higher appetite and weight, in fall/winter than in spring/summer. Four cohorts of African students attending a year-long nursing school program without vacation in Washington, D.C., were assessed monthly for 1 year. Forty-three subjects (mean age =...