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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and survival in African Americans (AAs) is worse than Caucasians.Some studies suggest that the incidence of CRC is higher in AA patients below the age of 50 when compared to Caucasians.This study aims to confirm the higher prevalence of CRC in an AA population within the age groups of 40-49, and its implications to the screening guidelines.METHOD: In a retrospective study demographic data, indication and outcome of...

Pilot selection is a form of high-stakes selection due to the massive costs of training, high trainee ability requirements and costly repercussions of poor selection decisions. This criterion-related validation study investigated the predictive ability of fluid intelligence and spatial reasoning in predicting three criteria of pilot training performance, using an accumulated sample of South African Air Force pilots (N = 108). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses with training grade...

The state of mathematics and science education in South Africa is a cause for concern. This situation can be attributed, in part, to many mathematics and science teachers’ limited content knowledge, ineffective teaching approaches, and unprofessional attitudes. To address these three problem areas simultaneously, a holistic model for the development of Grades 10 to 12 Physical Science teachers was constructed and evaluated against national and international benchmarks. The effects of the...

The state of mathematics and science education in South Africa is a cause for concern. This situation can be attributed, in part, to many mathematics and science teachers’ limited content knowledge, ineffective teaching approaches, and unprofessional attitudes. To address these three problem areas simultaneously, a holistic model for the development of Grades 10 to 12 Physical Science teachers was constructed and evaluated against national and international benchmarks. The effects of the...

The state of mathematics and science education in South Africa is a cause for concern. This situation can be attributed, in part, to many mathematics and science teachers’ limited content knowledge, ineffective teaching approaches, and unprofessional attitudes. To address these three problem areas simultaneously, a holistic model for the development of Grades 10 to 12 Physical Science teachers was constructed and evaluated against national and international benchmarks. The effects of the...

The state of mathematics and science education in South Africa is a cause for concern. This situation can be attributed, in part, to many mathematics and science teachers’ limited content knowledge, ineffective teaching approaches, and unprofessional attitudes. To address these three problem areas simultaneously, a holistic model for the development of Grades 10 to 12 Physical Science teachers was constructed and evaluated against national and international benchmarks. The effects of the...

purpose. To determine the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among adults aged ≥40 years in Nigeria. methods. Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size procedures was used to identify a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 15,027 persons ≥40 years of age from all 36 states in Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory. Distance visual acuity (VA) was measured with a reduced logMAR tumbling-E chart at 4 and 1 m. Presenting...

This paper conceptualises open and distance learning as a movement for developing a critical mass of people, indispensable for a variety of national, personal, developmental and enrichment endeavours. The question of mutual relevance and mutual response of open and distance learning brings to critical focus the tasks of maintaining and sustaining quality assurance of open and distance learning programs in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The expansion of educational and learning opportunities...

The numbers of children with access to basic education in sub‐Saharan Africa have increased substantially over the last two decades but many still remain out of school. Some fail to enrol at all, especially in fragile states, and many more start school but do not complete the basic cycle. Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have generated commitments to improve greatly access to education. This paper first develops an expanded vision of access. Second, it...

Access to basic education is a central plank of the global initiatives on Education for All and is prominently included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to which almost all countries subs...

This paper discusses what cultural values should be imparted to Kenyan students in the post‐colonial era. Traditionalists had argued that an education based on Western culture, i.e. colonial cultur...

From the perspective of an African ethic, analytically interpreted as a philosophical principle of right action, what are the proper final ends of a publicly funded university and how should they be ranked? To answer this question, I first provide a brief but inclusive review of the literature on Africanising higher education from the past 50 years, and contend that the prominent final ends suggested in it can be reduced to five major categories. Then, I spell out an intuitively attractive...

The aim of this study was to describe results of a representative sample of children who have undergone cataract surgery in schools for the blind in 4 African countries.Cross-sectional study.Children enrolled at schools for the blind in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda.We used a population-proportional-to-size methodology to select a representative sample of schools for the blind and annexes and included all the children attending the selected schools. Trained teams using standardized...

Schools represent the primary setting where refugee children learn about Australian life and culture. They serve as a broad context for acculturation not only for academic development and language acquisition but for cultural learning too. This paper focuses on the after‐school homework tutoring programme that uses University of Western Sydney (Australia) secondary teacher education students as tutors for African refugee students in secondary schools to facilitate their inclusion into...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Enterochromaffin (EC) cells are the best characterized subset of enteric endocrine cells and are the main source of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the gut.Previously we have shown an important immuno-endocrine axis in the gut, where CD4+ T cells play a key role in generation of EC cell hyperplasia and in up-regulation of 5-HT production in infection-induced gut inflammation (Gut 2007; 56: 949).However, the role of EC cells/5-HT in regulation of inflammation or in host defense...

Using a 12-item questionnaire, we assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) toward epilepsy and identified determinants of inappropriate attitudes toward people with epilepsy (PWE) among 910 randomly selected secondary school students in Batibo (Cameroon). Ninety-five percent of the students had heard or read about epilepsy, 73.3% knew an epileptic, and 76.4% had witnessed a seizure. Those who would offer equal employment opportunities to PWE, refuse to associate with, or refuse to...