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Abstract Ethnographic research was conducted in eleven low-resource settings across Swaziland, Namibia and South Africa to explore how the perceptions and experiences of counselling health workers, pregnant women and recent mothers could be used to improve infant feeding counselling in the context of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. We found many counselling encounters to be demotivating. Mothers often reported feeling judged, stigmatised and shamed. Counsellors complained of...

The Integrated Agriculture Training Program (IATP) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) aimed to improve the livelihoods of rural communities in the East New Britain Province, by providing targeted training and information services to both men and women. While this AusAID-funded project is now complete, the programme has continued on a self-funding basis. This article describes how the IATP attempted to ensure the integration of rural women's interests, and respond to their needs in a country where...

Editor's Note As is so often the case, attending an international conference made me think a lot about the United States while listening to speakers talk about other countries. In this case, the conference was the Consultation Meeting on Capacity Building for Potential Centres of Excellence in Journalism Training in Africa, held March 16-18, 2008, at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South First, some background: In December 2005, education experts meeting at the United Nations Educational,...

INTRODUCTION A study published in 1996 suggested that a limit had been reached for peer-reviewed publication output from South African dental schools. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was to examine recent trends in publication output from five South African dental schools to compare with the earlier study. METHODS A PubMed on-line search coupled with a manual search was done for peer-reviewed publications appearing in 1995-2005 from the five dental schools. RESULTS The literature search...

INTRODUCTION A study published in 1996 suggested that a limit had been reached for peer-reviewed publication output from South African dental schools. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was to examine recent trends in publication output from five South African dental schools to compare with the earlier study. METHODS A PubMed on-line search coupled with a manual search was done for peer-reviewed publications appearing in 1995-2005 from the five dental schools. RESULTS The literature search...

Introduction: A study published in 19961 suggested that a limit had been reached for peer-reviewed publication output from South African dental schools. Aims and objectives: This study was to examine recent trends in publication output from five South African dental schools to compare with the earlier study. Methods: A PubMed on-line search coupled with a manual search was done for peer-reviewed publications appearing in 1995-2005 from the five dental schools. Results: The literature...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the constraints to the development of elite sport for people with disabilities in Kenya. A grounded theory research design was utilized to analyze the data collected by means of personal in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted in 2003 in Nairobi, Kenya with five athletes on the Kenya Paralympic Team and five administrators supporting the Kenya Paralympic team. Seven major themes were identified with respect to the constraints faced by...

“Coddling” Africans Abroad: Colonial Director Paul Kayser and the Education of Africans in Germany, 1891–1896 Christian Stuart Davis In October of 1896, the Foreign Office in Berlin received an angry letter from Franziska Dörfling of Görlitz, Germany, concerning a most pressing matter. As Frau Dörfling explained in the beginning of her letter, she preferred to discuss the issue in person, and she had recently made the two-hundred kilometer trip to Berlin on two separate occasions in order to...

Abstract This paper examines how post-secondary agricultural education and training (AET) in sub-Saharan Africa can contribute to agricultural development by strengthening the capacity to innovate—to introduce new products and processes that are socially or economically relevant to smallholder farmers and other agents. Using the AET system in Mozambique as a case study, this paper examines the role of AET within the context of an agricultural innovation system. This innovation systems...

After the ASLA national council meeting in August 2005, the executive of WASLA made the decision to sponsor a teacher librarian from Kenya by providing IASL membership. The sponsorship was directed to Margaret Muthiga, the teacher librarian at Kilimo Primary School in Njoro, Kenya. In June 2006, as part of their school library conference, WASLA asked all its members to take a new library book to the conference, for sending to Kilimo Primary School. Many of the donated books came with letters...

In the Markowitz (1952) mean-variance model as well as the Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) agents make their investment decisions based solely on the expected return and variance. On the other hand, human capital theory does not consider uncertainty in its return function except recently initiated by Harmon et al. (2001) who distinguish between the level and the years of education and incorporate uncertainty in Mincer’s Model (1974). This study has twofold...

Summary This study aims to measure indicators of HIV-related stigma among students of high schools in the North West of Libya. The results will be part of baseline data and evaluation of the impact of successive interventions. Understanding the behaviour of risk groups in a society, such as young people, is essential in order to draw effective prevention strategies. Behavioural surveillance surveys have been shown to make an important and useful contribution to informing the response to HIV....

Abstract Water shortage problem is considered to be one of the biggest problems facing the middle eastern region, specifically the Arab countries located in semi-arid zones. The natural water resources of the region are suffering from outside control dominated by complex political circumstances, and inside deteriorations imposed by the combination of a fast growing population, and the challenges of industrialization which increases the water demands for domestic, agricultural and industrial...

The authors evaluate the impact of an educational intervention, in which a Kenyan non-governmental organization distributes school uniforms to children in poor communities. The Nongovernmental organization (NGO) used a lottery to determine who would receive uniforms. Although compliance with the lottery was not perfect, we use winning the lottery as an instrumental variable to identify the impact of receiving a uniform. The authors find that giving a school uniform significantly reduces...

Data analyzed from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 indicate that the reading achievement of urban African American high school students is positively influenced by the amount of hours spent doing homework and by parents' expectations of their child's future educational attainment. Implications for practice and research are provided.

The intent of this article is to frame the contemporary policy prescriptions concerning the plight and prospects of African American males in historical perspective. The authors argue that the emergence of African American males as a special subject of educational policy represents a more explicit rendering of a deeply rooted social and educational policy discourse in which African American males figured prominently but seldom as a targeted subject. Selected historical literature in African...

With the exception of iodine and iron, there is still very limited information on the effect of micronutrients on cognitive function, especially among school‐age children. This analysis evaluates the relationship between dietary iron, zinc and B‐vitamins and, gains in cognitive test scores among school children in rural Kenya. Data for this study were obtained from The Child Nutrition Kenya Project, a 2‐year longitudinal. Dietary nutrient values were based on monthly and bimonthly 24‐hour...

purpose. Data on the prevalence and causes of functional low vision (FLV) in adults and children are lacking but are important for planning low-vision services. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of FLV among children recruited in eight population-based prevalence surveys of visual impairment and refractive error from six countries (India [2 locations]; China [2 locations]; Malaysia, Chile, Nepal, and South Africa). methods. Using the same protocol, 4082 to 6527...