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A previous study found elite Kenyan athletes to be in negative energy balance prior to major competition (Onywera et al. Int J Sports Nutr. In press). In that study, estimated energy intake (EI) over the 7 day assessment period was significantly lower than energy expenditure (EE) as assessed using Physical Activity Ratio (EI: 12.5 ± 1.2 MJ·d1 vs. EE: 15.1 ± 0.5 MJ·d−1 (mean ± SD); P <0.001) and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in body mass (BM:58.9 ± 2.7 kg vs. 58.3 ± 2.6 kg;...

A previous study found elite Kenyan athletes to be in negative energy balance prior to major competition (Onywera et al. Int J Sports Nutr. In press). In that study, estimated energy intake (EI) over the 7 day assessment period was significantly lower than energy expenditure (EE) as assessed using Physical Activity Ratio (EI: 12.5 ± 1.2 MJ·d1 vs. EE: 15.1 ± 0.5 MJ·d−1 (mean ± SD); P <0.001) and this was accompanied by a significant reduction in body mass (BM:58.9 ± 2.7 kg vs. 58.3 ± 2.6 kg;...

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes The full text of Abbate's speech can be found in La Réforme, 28 May 1901, with an abbreviated report in Le Phare Alexandrine 28 May 1901. The UPL opening also received widespread coverage in the Arabic language press such as al-Liwa’, al-Ahram and al-Basir. Known in French as the Université Populaire Libre, the UPL apparently had no official Arabic name with al-madrasa al-'umumiyya al-hurra, al-jam‘iyya al-kulliyya al-hurra,...

The South African educational system is in a phase of fundamental reform, moving from curricula with highly specified content for each discipline in the curriculum to new outcomes-based curricula in which the development of skills and attitudes has been given equal prominence to discipline content. This change will have a significant effect on what physical science is taught and how it is taught at school in preparation for higher education. This paper reveals what students actually...

A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATHENS, GEORGIA 2005

Throughout societal transformations and trends, adult education has been available, providing relevant and personal learning needs for adult learners. Such has been the case in urban communities. However, our urban communities have experienced a transformation of sorts. Once thriving with numerous businesses and churches, they no longer enjoy the advantages they once had. Despite transitions in urban centers, the African American church has remained a stronghold. Historically, the church has...

This paper focuses on teachers’ experiences with implementing a modified International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) physics syllabus in Botswana. The syllabus, characterised by a new organisational and pedagogic paradigm, is a significant shift from the traditional “teacher-proof” syllabus to one that is flexible, non-prescriptive and student-centred. Through data from discussions and interviews with teachers, it emerged that policy statements on the nature of the...

This paper investigates the strengths and weaknesses of teaching and learning based on the results of the student evaluation of lecturer teaching performances, and suggests strategies lecturers could use to address weaknesses in order to enhance their teaching performances and improve the learning of the students. The analysis of the results concluded that for professional development, lecturers should engage in action research to address weaknesses identified through the evaluation process....

Emphasizing the salience of social and historical contexts in understanding contemporary urban school leadership, this article presents reflections from a subset of African American women principals who came of age during the Civil Rights era and assumed leadership subsequent to the enactment of the Chicago School Reform Act of 1988. The main finding being reported is that the unique race, gender, and generational statuses of these principals made them especially vulnerable to the impact of...

The study investigated the role performance of parents in school youth development among rural communities of Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from one hundred and eighty six parents and their school youths aged between 11 and 18 years. Two-stage sampling technique was employed to select four zones in the state. Based on the population of household in the four zones, one hundred and eighty six parents were randomly selected for interview. Data collected include personal and...

This study explores how urban youth in Mozambique perceive their sexual behaviour and identifies the factors that hinder them from having safer sex in the context of HIV/AIDS, with special emphasis on the condom use. Data was collected form high school students in Maputo, Mozambique. Using a combination of focus group discussions, interviews and informal conversations, it was possible to identify that one major obstacle to the use of condoms was young people's belief that they did not have...

OBJECTIF : Produire une video educative pour faire prendre conscience de la tuberculose (TB) en Gambie en utilisant les methodes participatives et une evaluation integree formatrice. METHODES: Un groupe de direction a ete constitue par des personnes-cle travaillant dans la recherche TB, l'education a la sante, le service de sante et les media. Ils ont developpe un scenario et ont charge une firme locale de production de l'execution de la video en trois langages locaux et en anglais. Une...

Drought is a natural phenomenon experienced by many intermittent and also seasonal lotic systems. It has diverse effects on the structure and distribution of biological communities through habitat transition from wetted to terrestrial conditions. The Njoro River, a tropical stream, was drought-stressed between late 1999 and mid 2000, providing an opportunity to sample and describe the distributional patterns of diatoms and Limnodrilus oligochaetes in the vertical sediment profile. The...

Abstract: Persistent low numbers of African Americans in the foreign language teacher certification program at the University of Texas at Austin motivated the study reported here. Two groups of students responded to a questionnaire that sought information on foreign language experience at elementary and high school, as well as family experiences in foreign languages. Findings revealed that whereas very few students had the opportunity to study a foreign language at the elementary level, all...

The focus of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was the experience of being an adult literacy education student in Kenya. Ten adult literacy education students in three learning centres were interviewed. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts uncovered sixteen common themes in three broad categories: reasons for participating; effects of literacy in the daily lives of students; and challenges students encountered. Resume Cette etude hermeneutique phenomenologique avait...

The strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to curtail outbreaks of meningococcus in Africa is enhanced surveillance with administration of oily chloramphenicol as well as vaccination when incidence thresholds are exceeded. The role of capsular polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine in outbreak prevention has been the subject of considerable debate. The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population initiated a school-based vaccination program with bivalent A/C capsular...