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The aim of this study was to compare the impact of three school feeding strategies on the nutritional status of primary school children aged six to 13 in an informal settlement in Gauteng.The methods included dietary surveys and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of a sample of 160 primary school children allocated to three different school feeding intervention groups. One group (n=60) received a whole wheat pilchard and spinach vetkoek, a second received food according to the...

Determine causes of blindness and visual impairment among adults aged >or=40 years.Multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size procedures were used to identify a nationally representative sample of 15,027 persons >or=40 years of age. Distance vision was measured with a reduced logMAR tumbling E-chart. Clinical examination included a basic eye examination of all subjects and a more detailed examination of those who had presenting vision <6/12 in...

“Almajiri” is a term used to describe children in northern Nigeria who are sent to live with teachers of the Qur’an in order to receive religious instruction. Unable to cater for their needs, the teachers send the children to the streets to beg and do menial jobs. Drug use and other forms of high risk behaviour have not yet been studied among these children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 340 Almajiris in northeast Nigeria, using an adapted version of the WHO Student Drug Use...

To determine the perinatal mortality rate among women who delivered through caesarean section in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria and evaluate how various social and obstetric factors influence the perinatal deaths.A review of the clinical records of patients who had caesarean section associated with perinatal death over a 5-year period in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital was performed. Socio-demographic and obstetrics data were collected from the record of the patients and...

The study evaluated the impact of an informal civic education programme on primary school pupils’ media usage, civic interest and political-related activities in Botswana. The current in-school civic education programme through the teaching of social studies, cultural studies and other related subjects have not produced the desired results. Hence, this study used the ‘school civic club’ approach in teaching the children about citizenship issues. The one group, time series, pre and post test...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age and serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in malnourished and well-fed pre-school Nigerian children in Zaria, northern Nigeria.Serum total cholesterol (TC) and TG concentrations were measured in 115 malnourished and 115 age- and gender-matched well-fed children aged one (1)-three (3) years. These consisted of 25, 30, 30 and 30 children with kwashiorkor, marasmic-kwashiorkor, marasmus and underweight,...

The 1997 drought -natural disaster or national disasterAt first glance, the 1997-98 drought in Papua New Guinea was a natural disaster.Between December 1996 and March 1997 the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), which is the standardized difference in surface air pressure between Darwin and Tahiti and is the oldest and simplest measure of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific, fell from +12 to -25.This is the most spectacular fall in the SOI in the post-1950 history...

Secondary school teachers' opinions about their school counseling programs were investigated. The teachers were asked how they perceived the school counseling services being implemented in their schools, and how they rate the counseling activities provided by school counselors in their schools. Results indicate that majority of the teachers are of the opinion that counseling programs make positive contributions to the school's instructional program, and the major responsibility of the school...

This research is a tracer study of the graduates of the Ministry of Labour's Vocational Training Centers in the West Bank during the three years 2004-06. The purpose of the study is to explore the compatibility of the graduates with the needs of the labour market. The study traced 3208 graduates from 8 vocational training centers in the West Bank. It has concluded that most of the graduates are unemployed and that only 21% of the graduates are working in their specializations. These results...

The problem of student indiscipline is an issue of concern for teachers and parents around the world. Teachers need to maintain student discipline and for them to do so it is important that they also understand the nature of discipline problems. This study, by Lawrence Kofi Ametepee, who is studying for a PhD in special education, Morgan Chitiyo, board certified behaviour analyst and Assistant Professor of Special Education, both at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA, and Susan...

This paper examines the discourses that students draw on and propagate in a course on rural development in a first‐year engineering foundation programme. It looks at the way ‘rural’ is often constructed as ‘lack’ and therefore ‘other’, the dangers of constructing development as linear, the ways nostalgia and utopianism feed into discourses of development and how ‘propriety’ serves to maintain boundaries between nature and people, society and individuals. Different modes and media, coupled...

The purpose of this study was to compare students' enrolment and graduate output in Home Economics with other Vocational subjects in the Colleges of Education in Nigeria. The target population included twenty (20) Federal Colleges and twenty-seven (27) State Colleges of Education offering eight Vocational and Technical disciplines during the 2001/2002, 2002/2003 academic sessions. Two research questions were formulated. The design of this study was ex-post-facto and descriptive in nature....

This article reports on a study analyzing if there is a heightened sexual risk among African orphans because of their lack of education due to dropping out of school. 15-19-year-old women in urban Zimbabwe were sampled and the cross-sectional study found that disparities in schooling explained only a small portion of the excess sexual risk found among youth who had lost both parents and did not explain high levels of sexual risk among those who had lost only one parent.

Young people are particularly vulnerable to unplanned sexual activities. This study sought to identify the sexual behaviors and risk of HIV among public secondary schools students in Nigeria.A cross-sectional survey of 521 students in eight randomly selected public secondary schools. Respondents were selected by a multistage sampling technique from amongst the study population. Using a self-administered, semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire, data were obtained concerning their sexual...

Introduction There is a growing recognition among nations in Africa south of the Sahara that is a critical weapon for bringing sustainable development to their respective countries and to the continent as a whole. Pursuant to this goal, most nations in the region made a significant effort to promote mainly in the years that followed their independence from colonial powers (Kitaev, 1999). This commitment was expressed through the allocation of significant resources as well as through the...

This study – funded by Actionaid and UNICEF – sought to determine the extent to which violence prevents girls accessing primary school education in Malawi. It further sought to identify the different types of violence that girls experience when in primary school; the perpetrators of this violence; and where the violence takes place. The study established that girls are subject to several forms of violence as a result of their gender; that such gender-based violence is detrimental to their...