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One hundred and thirteen rectal swabs and 87 faecal samples obtained from the Paediatric casualty of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria were processed for Campylobacter jejuni/coli. Twenty-two (11%) of the specimens were positive for C. jejuni. Biotyping results showed that nine (41%) and eight (36%) belonged to C. jejuni biotypes I and II respectively, while three (14%) and two (9%) belonged to C. coli biotypes I and II. Serotyping results revealed that C. jejuni...
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Nigeria's new policy on health is based on a primary health care (PHC) system. It consists of hospital services and primary health care services subsystems. The subsystems are interlinked by referral services, and the strength of the total system, should be augmented by intersectoral-, community participation-, and traditional medical-inputs. A functional proportion model (FPM) is proposed here to show interrelationships as well as ideal/relative extent of primary, secondary, and tertiary...
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This article examines the impact of permanent disability on households, based on a 1987 field study in highly endemic areas of onchocerciasis (river blindness) in Guinea (Conakry). Preliminary results are used to model the interaction of the blinding form of the disease with a young household over a 15‐year period, revealing a process of household impoverishment often overlooked when the unit of analysis is the individual. This identifies effects on different household members and those most...
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[A]ttention should be directed towards agriculturally-oriented or ruraloriented school activity and curriculum content as a means of stemming rural-urban migration as well as increasing agricultural activity in the long run. 1 This is one of the latest additions to a stream of policy advice to the Kenyan authorities that stretches back to the earliest phase of colonial control at the beginning of the 20th century, and has parallels almost everywhere in Africa.2 However, experience of rural...
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The careers of visually handicapped people who have been educated in post-primary schools and colleges in Plateau State, Nigeria, are evaluated in terms of percentage employment, type of employment and further/higher educatio n. Recommendations for improving the quality of education offered to visually handicapped students in the State are then made.
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Refugees in Africa number about four million. Some of them, uprooted during the struggles for independence, have been in refuge for over 30 years. Others were uprooted during the post-independence period, when their views were considered revolutionary and dangerous to the regimes in power. As an attempt to solve the refugee problem, some countries, like Tanzania, have granted refugees the status of naturalized citizens. Other countries, like Zimbabwe and Uganda, have encouraged immediate...
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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was assessed by use of WHO diagnostic criteria in 6299 Africans aged 15 years and above living in six villages in Tanzania. 0·87% (1·1% male, 0·68% female) had diabetes and 7·8% (6·9% male, 7·7% female) had IGT. Prevalence rates were 1·1% and 8·4%, respectively, when age-adjusted to the USA population. Only 7 (13·5%) of the 53 individuals with diabetes had been known to have the disorder; 34 (74%) of the other 46 were...
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Abstract The knowledge and attitudes of young people towards AIDS prevention and AIDS patient care have been evaluated through an investigation of posters sent to a nationwide poster competition by urban schoolchildren in Uganda. The contents of these posters may reflect the current state of the AIDS education campaign and the understanding of the main messages. The schoolchildren were knowledgable about the subject and had a positive attitude towards AIDS-patients. One problem seems to be...
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Many aspects of Primary Health Care call for a complete revision of approach, emphasis and mental attitudes in medical education. This appears to be a pre-requisite for the promotion of total health involving all elements (i.e. favourable biological, social and physical environment) in the improvement of the general health status of the community. However, the training of medical students is still, in the main, hospital based, with a relatively insignificant clinical exposure in the...
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A one-week attachment to an urban primary health care clinic was introduced into the eight-week psychiatric teaching block for fourth (penultimate) year medical students at the University of Zimbabwe. Its objective was to alert students to underlying psychological disorder in patients presenting, at primary health care level, with physical symptomatology. Students were required to screen patients using a 20-item questionnaire, take a psychosocial history of all high-scoring patients, and...
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Summary This contribution to our knowledge of the plant ecology of Kenyan drought-deciduous woodland continues a study undertaken in 1983. (i) A detailed report on the woodland floor is presented, partitioning the litter types into undisturbed, game trails and bare soil, so that the importance of plants and animals in maintaining litter can be better envisaged. (ii) The Acacia-Commiphora woodland on the basement-derived soils, which may be considered a typical facies of such woodland types,...