An English Usage Dictionary for South African Schools, by J. Alswang and A. van Rensburg - Marwick, M. J. (English Usage in Southern Africa, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Changes in Botswana primary school curriculum: 1966-82 - Mautle, G. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Female Work Status, Education and Fertility in Cameroon: A Socio-Demographic Analysis - Mbuh, Rosemary Kinyuy (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

CONSTRAINTS TO KNOWLEDGE GAIN AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO A MULTI-MEDIA HEALTH EDUCATION PROJECT IN THE GAMBIA, WEST AFRICA - McDivitt, Judith (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of the Role of the Presidential Commission on Localisation and Training in Implementing the Policy of Localisation in Botswana - Mentz, J.C.N. (Botswana Notes and Records, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Need for Training Civil Servants: A Case of Zambia - Metaferia, Getachew (Indian Journal of Public Administration, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The use of tense in the interlanguage of Moroccan learners of English :a pedagogic analysis - Meziani, Ahmed (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The extension and training system in Malawi - Mhango, J.A. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The extension and training system in Malawi - Mhango, J.A. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Datations U-Pb et Rb-Sr du volcanisme acide de l'Anti-Atlas marocain et du socle sous-jacent dans la région de Ouarzazate. Apport au problème de la limite Précambrien-Cambrien. U-Pb and Rb-Sr dating of acidic volcanic rocks and Precambrian basement in Anti-Atlas of Morocco (Ouarzazate). Contribution for numerical dating of Precambrian-Cambrian boundary - Mifdal, Aïcha; Peucat, Jean-Jacques (Sciences géologiques, 1985)
Les séries volcaniques acides de la série de Ouarzazate ont été datées en U-Pb par zircons et en Rb-Sr sur roches totales dans leur région type, ainsi que le socle sous-jacent sur lequel elles reposent. L'âge de 661 ± 23 Ma obtenu sur un granite du socle (Tamassirt) confirme l'existence d'une activité plutonique pan-africaine sur la bordure septentrionale du craton ouest-africain. La série volcanique de Ouarzazate susjacente a fourni des Ages U-Pb depuis la base vers le sommet des rhyolites de 580 ± 12, 563± 10 et 586 ± 20 (ou 574 ± 5) Ma, résultats qui montrent l'extension vers 560-580 Ma d'une importante activité hypovolcanique déjà reconnue dans la région d'Ifni. Elle est recouverte en concordance par l'Adoudounien dont les niveaux supérieurs sont attribués au Cambrien inférieur. L'âge de 563 ± 10 Ma obtenu sur une ignimbrite du sommet de la série de Ouarzazate est donc plus ancien que celui de la limite Précambrien -Cambrien, ce qui est en accord avec les nouvelles estimations de l'âge de cette limite entre 540 et 520 Ma. Des isochrones Rb-Sr ont pu être établies sur les volcanites acides de la série de Ouarzazate. Llles permettent de calculer des âges plus récents que leur âge de mise en place déterminé par les zircons (489 ± 1 8, 463 + 1 1 et 455 ± 57 Ma). Ces valeurs qui témoignent de réhomogénéisations isotopiques montrent à nouveau l'extrême «fragilité » du système Rb-Sr des volcanites acides. Elles pourraient peut-être rendre compte d'une période particulière (dévitrification, déshydratation ?) survenue durant leur enfouissement sous le Paléozoïque inférieur.
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning to read two languages : sociolinguistic and pedagogic study of Hausa primary school pupils in northern Nigeria and their reading and pre-reading abilities - Millman, Michael Abdul Alim. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Subsidization of higher education versus expansion of primary enrollments: What can a shift of resources achieve in Sub-Saharan Africa? - Mingat, Alain; Tan, Jee Peng (International Journal of Educational Development, 1985)
In many LDCs today, the distribution of public resources for education tends to be inefficient and inequitable in that subsidization often increases rather than decreases with the level of education. To improve efficiency and equity, a shift of resources from higher to primary education should therefore be considered. Such a shift would obviously imply an increase in the private cost of higher education, but its effect could be mitigated through a loan scheme. In this paper, our main purpose is to show what a cut in subsidies to higher education can achieve in terms of expanding primary enrollments. The results show that although the outcome differs from country to country, such a cut would permit a sizable increase in primary enrollments in Sub-Saharan Africa, and especially in Francophone countries. Despite its effectiveness, however, reduction in higher education subsidies alone is unlikely to overcome all the obstacles faced by the poorest countries to attaining universal primary education. Our results only argue that it should be considered as part of the policy package directed towards this goal.
Keywords: openalex:import

Health status of teenage school boys in eastern Sudan. - Ml, Rekart; Plastino, J; Carr, Chris (PubMed, 1985)
In July, 1981 a health survey of teenage boys was conducted in a medical clinic in the eastern Sudan, run by the Lalmba Association, a non-profit aid organization based in the US. The study population was a group of 231 students ranging in age from 13-18, some of whom board at the school. Data consisted of a general health questionnaire, height and weight measurements, and a thorough physical examination including stool sample. Average height and weight were both less than Western teenagers, possibly due to a diet deficient in animal and plant protein and total calories. Hematocrit levels were comparable. Stool parasites were present in 31% of those surveyed, the most common being Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Hymenolepsis nana. The most common symptomatic problem was dental caries (8%) and the most common asymptomatic problems were trachoma and anemia (15% and 9% respectively). Investigators noted an unexpected number of genitourinary abnormalities (6%). The study population was selective in that it was the well-off portion of the teenage population in this locality. The investigators suggest that health authorities in the area distribute trachoma prophylaxis (antibiotic eye ointment) to all school age children.
Keywords: openalex:import

Training needs to support population education: communication activities in sub-Saharan African countries: a multisectorial training strategy refelcting the UN FAO viewpoint - Mlay, Wilfred (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

MALAWI COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT PROJECT: TRAINING MOBILIZATION REPORT - Moeller, Patti (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A study of the planning and implementation of the Universal Free Primary Education (U.P.E.) in Nigeria. - Mohammed, Ahmed Al (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Ancient traditions--future possibilities : rhythmic training through the traditions of Africa, Bali and India - Montfort, Matthew (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Post-literacy and continuing education in Tanzania - Mpogolo, Zakayo J. (International Review of Education, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Adult Education and the World of Work--the Case of Zimbabwe. - Mudariki, Taka (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The evaluation of an in-service project for black primary school teachers in South Africa in the early 1980s - Murphy, Julie (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Expectations and behaviour of adult learners arising from previous school experience - an African perspective. - Mutava, D. M. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Drought climatology of central and eastern Kenya - Muturi, H.R.; Downing, Tom; Mungai, D.N. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Industrial management training in large Japanese firms : vital lessons to Tanzanian engineering firms - Mwakasisi, Danford T.; アジア経済研究所 (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Marine pollution: a threat to the Kenyan economy - Mwatuwano, Mohamed Kassim (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A critical study of aspects of the political, constitutional, administrative and professional development of Indian teacher education in South Africa with particular reference to the period 1965 to 1984. - Naguran, Chinnapen Amatchi. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Legal Education in Zambia: Pedagogical Issues. - Ndulo, Muna (Journal of Legal Education, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Historical Overview of Gifted Education in South Africa from about 1918 - Neethling, J. S. (Gifted international, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gifted Education in South Africa. - Neethling, Kobus (Gifted Child Today, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A continuing education plan for self-employed primary school leavers in Benue State, Nigeria - Ngwu, P. N. C. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Patterns of education in Tanzania : An analysis with special reference to primary and community education - Nkumbi, Emmanuel (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Proceedings of the seminar on an international research network on drought resistance, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 23-26 September 1985 - Nld, Cta; Fra, Cirad (1985)
Documents regroupes a l'occasion de la constitution d'un Reseau International de Recherche pour la Resistance a la Secheresse et la Desertification en zone soudano-sahelienne. Les communications des participants presentent une situation de la recherche agronomique pour la lutte contre la secheresse en Afrique de l'Ouest, en Afrique Australe et en Afrique de l'Est, avec a l'appui des etudes de cas par pays, ou par organisme de recherche. Le theme de la cooperation et de l'intervention (au Sahel notamment) des pays europeens (Italie, Belgique, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne de l'est et de l'ouest) est egalement aborde. Cinq groupes de travail ont ete constitues afin de reflechir sur les themes suivants : organisation et fonctionnement du reseau agroclimatologie-physiologie et amelioration des plantes-agronomie et machinisme-amenagement et gestion de l'espace-adaptation des systemes de production
Keywords: openalex:import

Joyce Aryee, Secretary for Education, Ghana - Novicki, Margaret A. (The Africa Report, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Community participation in planning for basic education in Tanzania: a case study for Dodoma and Singida regions - Ntuah, Ramadhani R. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

An analysis of the perceived effectiveness of secondary school teacher preparation programmes for ESL in Nigeria by teachers and teacher trainees : related to proposals for improvement of the programmes - Nwoke, Awa. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Production and Utilization 0? Teachers ?0r Secondary Schools in Kenya; an Economic Evaluation - Nyakundi, Shady F (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Training of Library Personnel in Nigeria: Some Challenges for the Next Decade - Nzotta, Briggs C. (Education for Information, 1985)
Les reponses a un questionnaire adresse aux directeurs des ecoles de bibliotheconomie du Nigeria, permettent d'etudier les projets et les problemes de formation de la prochaine decade. Les resultats montrent que les ecoles existantes s'aggrandissent tres rapidement, mais que peu de nouvelles s'ouvriront. Les ecoles actuelles peuvent repondre aux besoins de main d'œuvre dans les bibliotheques et les centres de documentation. Il existe cependant des problemes de planification et de coordination des systemes de formation, de budget, de manuels repondant aux besoins locaux, de personne et de possibilites au niveau de la recherche et la formation permanente. (INTD)
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparison of Special Education Programs in Nigeria and the United States of America. - Obiakor, Festus E. (1985)
While comparing special education programs in Nigeria and the United States of America, this paper reviews the problems of special education in Nigeria. The comparison briefly hints on the federal role, special education categories, models of funding, admission irto special education programs, procedural safeguards and provisions for spec . education administrators. Appropriate recommendations are also made for policy makers and program planners in developing countries like Nigeria.
Keywords: openalex:import

Needs Analysis of Higher Primary Teachers in Kwa Zulu. Report of a Project: "Improvement of English Language Proficiency of Black Primary School Teachers in Southern Africa.". - Odendaal, Maria Susanna (Per Linguam : A Journal of Language Learning, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Petroleum industry and its pollution potential in Nigeria - Odeyemi, Olu; Ogunseitan, Oladele A. (Oil and Petrochemical Pollution, 1985)
The increased prominence of the petroleum industry in Nigeria since the 1960s has given rise to a concomitant upsurge of real and imagined ecological disturbances, especially in the oil-producing areas of the country. An overview of the growth and development of the oil and petrochemical industry in Nigeria is presented. Notable cases of polluting disturbances during the 25 years of its existence are also cite dto highlight the causes and effects on the social, economic, agricultural and ecological characteristics of human and other biotic occupants of the oil regions. The imminent expansion schemes could expose the environment to disturbances from exploration and drilling activities, gas flares, refinery effluents and refractory products and massive spillages due to handling operations. The existing regulating governing the control of environmental pollution are viewed as inadequate and needing revision and overhauing. Recommendations are given as guides for the activities of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation in the prevention, control, and treatment of oil and petrochemical pollution.
Keywords: openalex:import

New Directions in Adult Education Historical Research in Africa. - Oduaran, Akpovire (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Nature of Rainfall and Soil Moisture in the Northeastern Part of Ghana during the 1975-1977 Drought - Ofori‐Sarpong, E. (Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and the African Novel: Perceptions of a Culture in Crisis - Okonkwo, Chuka E. (Journal of African Studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Primary education in Nigeria, what is it all about? - Okonkwo, Chuka Eze (Utafiti, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationship between the role of the principal, school climate and student achievement in selected secondary schools in Nigeria - Olaniyi, Wilson Olayele (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training of the Non-Psychiatrists for Mental Health Care, the Nigerian Situation - Olatawura, M.O. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of Drought on Food Production in Nigeria - Omiunu, F.G.I. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

ADVANCES IN THE WRITING OF THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA - Omolewa, Michael (Paedagogica Historica, 1985)
(1985). ADVANCES IN THE WRITING OF THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA. Paedagogica Historica: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 544-576.
Keywords: openalex:import

Mechanisms of drought tolerance and its effects on yield of upland rice (Oryza Sativa, L.) varieties grown in Kenya. - Onyango, J. C. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education for Alternative Development: The Role of the Public Law Institute, Kenya - Ooko-Ombaka, Oki (Third World Legal Studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Language Issue and the Use of Programmed Instruction in Science Education in Nigeria - Opeola, S. M. (Journal of Negro Education, 1985)
Programmed instruction in science has been used in Nigerian secondary schools in several ways: (1) as a remedial device, e.g., to assist students to learn biological concepts'; (2) to present material adjunct to the main course by developing in great detail a subject (e.g., vectors) that might not be given sufficient space in conventional textbooks in physics; and, (3) as a combination text and laboratory manual. The superiority of the use of programmed instruction (PI) in the teaching of biological concepts over other methods such as curriculum instructional materials and classroom presentation has been documented.2 Furthermore, because of the process of their production, PI materials in science are better than available textbooks on the market. Before PI materials are written, the target population must be specified and the expected terminal (overt) behavior must be stated in behavioral, objective form. In addition, the prototypes are field-tested before the final products reach the users. The problem is to determine the type of PI that can be used effectively with Nigerian secondary school students and which categories of students can use it best. As warned by Baez and Hallet, the relevance of programmed instruction to developing countries as Nigeria is not, for the moment, in the production of hardware (such as teaching machines) for its implementation, but in the benefit of writing the sequences for the
Keywords: openalex:import

The growth and development of physical education and sports in Ghana - Opoku-Fianko, Kwasi (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Attitudes toward Alcoholism: A Comparative Study of Secondary School Teachers in Urban and Rural Areas of Benin District-Nigeria. - Oshodin, O. G. (Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and the development of rural communities :a comparative analysis with case studies in three villages in the Sudan - Osman, Abel Moneim Mohamed. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Getting a good education? : the experience of Nigerian children in London schools - Ososanwo, Oluremi Temitope. (1985)
An examination of the experiential reality of schooling for Nigerian children in two inner London single sex comprehensive schools was carried out. Interviews were conducted with 45 children, 36 parents and 84 teachers. In addition, classroom observations were carried out on over two thirds of the children. It was found that Nigerian parents sent their children to British schools in the belief that their children will not only get a 'good education', but will also achieve educational qualifications which will give them access to high level professional occupations. Rather than encourage children to pursue these types of employment goals, teachers tended to socialize children to adopt their own definition of what the children's aspirations should be. Through social and academic counselling teachers essentially became involved in the attempt to prepare children for particular roles in society constrained by their social class, family and ethnic backgrounds. The lack of employment opportunities for young black and white adults in this country, however, did not work fully to dissuade Nigerian children from pursuing the acquisition of school knowledge. This was because Nigerian parents socialized their children to orientate towards an occupational future, not in Britain, but in Nigeria. Although teachers refuted that they engaged in social and ethnic differentiation, it was found that the school careers of Nigerian pupils were characterized by a need to develop strategies to cope with an education system which was geared towards enhancing the educational progress of white middle class children. In terms of curriculum content neither of the two research schools had taken on board their education authority's initiatives for multi-ethnic education. While most teachers were very critical of the overall management of their schools, some of them were found to be inept at organizing school learning programmes. Despite these organizational shortcomings, the instrumental approach to schooling of Nigerian parents, together with their knowledge of the processes involved in schooling, ensured that most of them could persuade teachers (either directly through confrontation or indirectly through teachers' perceptions of the children's homebackground) to accommodate their parental ambitions. These, challenged the stereotype of the educational potential of black pupils. Hence, relative to children in ILEA schools generally, Nigerian children were found to be educational achievers.
Keywords: openalex:import

General Education in Nigerian Universities: An Analysis of Recent Curricular Reforms. - Osunde, Egerton O. (The Journal of General Education, 1985)
As new nations develop, they soon begin to experience the educational problems that have been encountered earlier by the developed nations, not only in the lower schools but also in the universities. At the present time, the young universities of Nigeria are wrestling with the meaning and importance of general education, just as American universities have been struggling, for a much longer time, with the same issue. Par ticularly since the 1945 publication of the famous Harvard Redbook, General Education in a Free Society, but even be fore then, educators in the United States have been engaged in debates over the kind of educational experience that uni versities should provide for undergraduates.1 The larger uni versities now generally stress research and early specializa tion, often leaving the goal of excellence in general education for the smaller colleges to fulfill. Such questions as the bal ance between research and general education have recently received renewed attention in the U.S., with the publication of a series of national reports, and the debates will continue for a long time. Meanwhile, however, in Nigeria the intensity of the debate has greatly lessened. There appears to be agree ment, at least for the moment, on the goals of education, because to a large extent they are determined by the federal government.2 This paper attempts to analyze some of the recent curricu lar changes in Nigerian universities, changes which have been intended, first, to provide training in the vocations, and, second, to provide a general education that serves the purpose of creating social unity and understanding among
Keywords: openalex:import

Drought in Nigeria: a ten year cycle? - Owonubi, J. J. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceptions of standards for undergraduate business teacher education programs in Nigeria - Oyedele, John F. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Politics of Education in Colonial Algeria and Kenya - Pirouet, M. Louise; Harik, Elsa Marston; Schilling, Donald G. (International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1985)
Islam and political change in rural Malay society / David J. Banks -- The role of the dalang in Kelantanese Malay society / Barbara S. Wright -- Ethnic minorities as magical/medical specialists in Malaysia and Thailand / Louis Golomb -- The elastic rule : conformity and deviance in Kelantan village life / Douglas Raybeck -- Public and private definitions of cultural identity in a Chinese Malaysian settlement / Sharon A. Carstens.
Keywords: openalex:import

Training for rural development: lessons from a successful development project in Tanzania. - Poley, Janet K.; Nyitambe, M. T. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Training and development of municipal personnel in South Africa. - Rabie, Anna-Louise. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Politics of Multi-Racialism: the Private Schools of Southern Africa - Randall, P. J. (English Academy Review, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Establishment of a marine fire fighting school in Algeria - Rezal, Abdelkrim (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender, resources and attitudes toward marital role equality : a comparison of Algerian and American students. - Rezig, Aicha (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A growing dilemma: women and change in African primary education, 1950-1980 - Robertson, Claire (Journal of Eastern African Research and Development, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The In‐Service Teacher Education Component of an Innovation: A Case Study in an African Setting - Rogan, John M.; Macdonald, Megan (Journal of curriculum studies (Print), 1985)
(1985). The In‐Service Teacher Education Component of an Innovation: A Case Study in an African Setting. Journal of Curriculum Studies: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 63-85.
Keywords: openalex:import

The role of adult education in development at the Institute of Extra Mural Studies of the National University of Lesotho, Africa. - Russell, Dale C. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A comparative study of language policy in primary education in multilingual African countries :with special reference to Uganda and Zaire since 1960 - Rwantabagu, Hermenegilde (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Relevant Education in Northern Nigeria - Salamone, Frank A. (Studies in third world societies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

'Koranic' schools in Sudan as a resource for upel : results of a study on Khalwas in Rahad agricultural project : aids to programming UNICEF assistance to education : extracted from a Unesco-Unedbas study - Sammani, El; Osman, Mohammed (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

South African industrial training discourse and policy from 1977 to 1982 - Schaffer, Angela Joan (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A training plan for the Department of Research and Specialist Services, Zimbabwe, 1985 to 1988 - Services, Specialist (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and rural development in Ethiopia - Sisaye, Seleshi (Agricultural Administration, 1985)
Educational development plans in Third World countries have stressed the need to develop the economic, social and political potential of their population through a public education system that has emphasized rural development. A case study of the educational system in Ethiopia from 1942 to 1974, a country where more than 85 per cent of the population lives in the rural areas, revealed that the educational system was geared towards urban development and neglected the rural sector. Hence, Ethiopian education was characterized by the concentration of educational resources in urban areas and selected regions, under-representation of female students in schools and in the labor force, and preparation of students for work in urban white-collar positions, positions which provided limited employment.
Keywords: openalex:import

Lake pollution in Ibadan, Nigeria - Sridhar, M.K.C.; Bammeke, A.O. (Environment International, 1985)
An investigation was made of the sources and degree of pollution of Ogunpa lake, situated in Ibadan, Nigeria. It was shown that the lake receives a variety of waste effluents from domestic and industrial sources which discharge into the Ogunpa stream. These waste effluents have caused an odour nuisance in the lake, and little or no dissolved oxygen is present. The discharge of nutrients (N and P) to the lake has resulted in excessive growth of aquatic weeds. All these impacts on the lake have resulted in a reduced fish production. Some suggestions for the prevention of pollution and the recovery of the lake are presented.
Keywords: openalex:import

Africa: Schistosomiasis in Africa and the Role of Environmental Education. - Stapp, William B. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education for Liberation and Development: The Tanzanian Experience - Strayer, Robert W.; Hinzen, Heribert; Hundsdorfer, V. H. (International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Classroom Action-Research: Case-Studies In Development Studies Teaching In Lesotho Classrooms - Stuart, Jesse; Makhetha, P.; Putsoa, L.; Musi, Muhammad Akib; Seotsanyana, Malimpho Elsie; Chabane, C.M.; Mokhosi, E.B. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Report on training. Cotton: plant improvement and experimentation in Ivory Coast: Fiber technology - Susa, A.M. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Integrating the language laboratory with a communicative approach to teaching English second language to Afrikaans-spreakers at senior secondary and tertiary levels in South Africa : an exploratory study - Swartz, Johannes Jurgens (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

HIGHER EDUCATION IN TWO DEVELOPING NATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA AND SRI LANKA. - Tembe, Elias Ogutuh Azariah. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The development of higher education in Eastern and Southern Africa - Tembo, Lyson P.; Maliyamkono, T. L.; Eastern (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Beginnings of Girls' Education in the Native Administration Schools in Northern Nigeria, 1930–1945 - Tibenderana, Peter K. (The Journal of African History, 1985)
Summary The existing works on the history of education in northern Nigeria are generally agreed that the main factor which hindered the spread and development of girls' education in the area during the colonial era was Muslims' opposition to female education. While it is not denied in this article that opposition to female education existed among Muslims, it is argued that this was not the main factor which retarded the advancement of girls' education during the period covered by this article. It is suggested that the British educational policy, which placed much emphasis on co-education, instead of building girls' schools, coupled with the parsimony with which the British administration spent money on girls' education, were mainly responsible for hindering the development of girls' and women's education in northern Nigeria during the colonial era. It is argued that the introduction of co-education made Western education for girls unappealing to many Muslim parents who otherwise would have sent their daughters to school if girls' schools had existed in sufficient numbers. The article attempts to show that this could not be realized as a result of the British administration's unwillingness to spend substantial sums of money on girls' education. It is also suggested that the preferential treatment accorded by the British administration to the aristocracy, in the recruitment of pupils for girls' schools and the W.T.C., was inimical to the advancement of girls' education generally.
Keywords: openalex:import

Livestock losses and post-drought rehabilitation in sub-Saharan Africa - Toulmin, C. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

English language teaching in Tanzania, a colloquium - Trappes-Lomax, Hugh (Utafiti, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

A study of guidance and couseling needs of primary school pupils of gachika sub-location, nyeri town, and nairobi city in kenya - Tumuti, Sammy (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education-employment connection: the Nigerian experience - Umo, J. U. (The Nigerian journal of economic and social studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Bilingual Education in a Multilingual School System--Nigeria. - Unoh, S. O. (The Journal of Reading, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Urban preference among Nigerian teacher-trainees: An analysis for educational policy - Urwick, James (International Journal of Educational Development, 1985)
The preference of teachers in developing countries for ‘urban’ appointments is a problem which is intuitively well-known but has been neglected in research and policy. With data obtained from Nigerian teacher-trainees, this paper examines collective urban preference, as indicated by the popularity of school locations, and also the extent and correlates of urban preference as a personal attribute. In the context, urban preference is found to be the dominant form of locational preference, with a high degree of consistency among individuals. Policies are advocated which would recognize that this kind of preference is based on rational and legitimate considerations.
Keywords: openalex:import

The environment and environmental education in Nigeria - Uyanga, Joseph (Habitat International, 1985)
The paper contends that environmental planning concern and other developmental efforts are inseparable. In view of the delicate balance between man and his physical environment, Nigeria must develop a growing and more realistic approach to environmental planning and education: the elements it should be made from, how it should be done, and who should receive it are enunciated. The problems of data and implementation as well as their legislative, public participation and other implications are analysed.
Keywords: openalex:import

The articulation of the South African social formation with the teaching of English as a first language in the Cape Education Department - Volbrecht, Terry (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Communication problems of West African students at the University of Minnesota - Vukeh, Elizabeth N. (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Planning Secondary Education in Papua New Guinea: a comment on Bacchus - Vulliamy, Graham; Bray, Mark (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1985)
(1985). Planning Secondary Education in Papua New Guinea: a comment on Bacchus. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 95-103.
Keywords: openalex:import

History in Black and White: An Analysis of South African School History Textbooks - Walshe, Peter; Dean, Elizabeth; Hartmann, Paul; Katzen, May; UNESCO; Murray, Martin J.; Leonard, Richard (International Journal of African Historical Studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Soviet training and research programs for Africa - Weaver, Harold Dodson (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Ethiopian Jews in Israel: Socialization and Re-Education - Weinstein, Brian (Journal of Negro Education, 1985)
Approximately 15,000 Black Jews from Ethiopia have arrived over the past few years in the State of Israel. They call themselves Beta Israel or House of Israel, but their former Christian and Muslim neighbors in Africa refer to them as Falashas, or landless strangers, a somewhat derogatory term by which they also became known in Europe as early as the twelfth century. Because most of the 10,000 to 15,000 Jews remaining in Africa wish to emigrate, the Black Jewish population in Israel will increase in the years to come. Their rapid movement from a rural Amharic or Tigrinya-speaking African environment into an urban, technologically advanced Hebrew speaking White environment necessitates a planned process of socialization and re-education. In Israel this process is called absorption, and it is directed by professional social workers and educators employed by the Jewish Agency, a non-governmental organization supported by donations from Jews around the world for the purpose of helping immigration and absorption of those Jews who wish to return to their ancestral and spiritual homeland. Socialization of adult and adolescent Ethiopian Jews requires maintenance of a delicate balance between teaching what is necessary to live and work satisfactorily in a new environment and avoidance of denigration of those valued elements of African Jewish traditions which are different in some details from the traditions of Jews returning from Europe, the Americas, Arab countries, Iran, and India. The differences are due to the two-thousand-year separation of
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and social stratification in Papua New Guinea - Whitehead, Clive (International Journal of Educational Development, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

West African languages in education : papers from the Fifteenth West African Languages Congress - Williamson, Kay (1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Dinderesso Forestry School: Case Study of Extension Forestry Training in Burkina Faso - Winterbottom, Robert; Lineham, Peter E. (Rural Africana, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

Marxism, Education and Southern Africa - Youngman, Frank (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, 1985)
Keywords: openalex:import

The development of seismic zones and the evaluation of lateral loadings for earthquake resistant design of buildings in Papua New Guinea - McCue, Kevin (Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 1984)
A recently published seismic zoning map of Papua New Guinea does not correlate particularly well with either presentday seismicity or tectonic models of the region. Several reasons are given and a modified version of the map is presented for discussion and as a replacement in the Building Code.
Keywords: openalex:import

Student Culture and Activism in Black South African Universities: The Roots of Resistance - Nkomo, Mokubung (1984)
Turmoil in higher education has mounted in South Africa to a level wherein black institutions have been virtually paralyzed by conflict and occasionally transformed into armed garrisons. How this situation has come about is the subject of Nkomo's study. The author demonstrates that segregated education for blacks has inadvertently produced a distinct and contradictory culture of resistance for a substantial part of the African student body. Ethnic African universities have become cradles of vociferous student resistance to apartheid and have nurtured a new generation of activists responding to factors external to the formal university structure and curriculua. Nkomo provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the principal legislation and subsequent amendments; the ethnic-racial personnel composition, structures, and curricula of the institutions; expenditures; and the promotion of an official institutional culture that seeks to impose an Afrikaner orientation and produce sycophantic African student graduates. A demonstration of the profound interplay of politics and education, the book reveals African students to be dynamic actors within the educational arena.
Keywords: openalex:import

Leads from the MMWR. Evaluation of drought-related acute undernutrition--Mauritania, 1983 (JAMA, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

’Women in Nigeria’ and education (Review of African Political Economy, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Sex Differences in the Vocational Aspiration and Sex-Role Perceptions of Primary-School Children in Rural Kenya - Arap-Maritim, Ezra K. (The Journal of social psychology, 1984)
Abstract This study was designed to explore sex differences in primary-school children's vocational aspirations and their perceptions of sex roles. The subjects were 203 children, 120 boys and 83 girls in Grades 3, 5, and 7. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) Boys would aspire to a greater variety of vocations that are not available within their village community than girls, and (b) both boys and girls would perceive themselves and the opposite sex in different social and professional roles. Both predictions received support. The findings are discussed in terms of the availability of career models for rural children, differential upbringing, task assignment, and cultural norms pertaining to male-female desirable and valued roles in Kipsigis.
Keywords: openalex:import

Contribution of Aptitude Tests to the Prediction of School Performance in Kenya: A Longitudinal Study - Bali, Shashi K. (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Building Regulations in Papua New Guinea and their Application to Earthquake Resisting Structures - Bourne, Barry (Architectural Science Review, 1984)
The seismicity of Papua New Guinea is briefly described and the effects of two recent earthquakes are examined. The existing Papua New Guinea building regulations are shown to be deficient with regard to provisions for earthquake design and the development of a new code is described. Safety in earthquakes cannot be guaranteed by new building regulations, however, unless they are supported by experienced designers and policed by competent building insepctors.
Keywords: openalex:import

A TASK ANALYSIS OF THE SCIENCE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (S.T.A.N.) BIOLOGY TEXTBOOK - Bozimo, Helen Ikuromo (1984)
A STUDY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION Department of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria - Nigeria. DECEMBER, 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparison of nutritional status of Libyan primary school children in different socio‐economic areas of Tripoli - Bredan, Amin; Kumar, Nanduri S.; Bshiwah, Suad Mohammed (Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1984)
Nutritional status of Libyan primary school children was assessed in higher (Al‐Andulus, A‐A) and lower (Abu‐Saleem, A‐S) socio‐economic areas of Tripoli. Sample size was 160 and 230 respectively, and ages ranged from 6 years to 9 years and 11 months. Linear growth was higher in A‐A children and prevalence of stunting (8.8%) was lower than in A‐S children (17.4%). Weight‐for‐height relationship was similar in the two areas for girls, but it was somewhat higher in A‐A boys than in A‐S boys. Prevalence of obesity was 9.6% in A‐A and 4.6% in A‐S children, but wasting was negligible in both the areas. Mean hemoglobin concentration was 13.7 g/dl in both areas for boys. In girls, it was higher in A‐A (13.8 g/dl) than in A‐S (13.5 g/dl). Prevalence of anemia was 0.6% and 1.3% in A‐A and A‐S respectively.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education, Race, and Social Change in South Africa. - Cheater, Angela P.; Marcum, John A. (Man, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Papua New Guinea students' perceptions of mathematics lecturers. - Clarkson, Philip (Journal of Educational Psychology, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Perception of Present Administrator Competencies and The Future Training Needs and Programs for Public School Administrators in Cross River State, Nigeria - Etim, Gerald O. (1984)
The problem of this study was to determine how Nigeria's public education system might be improved through the improvement of the competency of school administrators. The study's four purposes were to identify present administrator levels of competency and present and future competency needs and to suggest training programs to develop present and future competencies needed by Nigerian school administrators. A survey instrument was utilized to assess perceptions of administrators, professors, students, and bureaucrats. A 70 per cent response rate from each of the eight groups studied (totaling 230 persons) was considered acceptable. Analysis of the findings reveals that all groups of respondents perceived all 53 competency areas to be important to highly important for public school administrators to possess at present and in the future. Differences of opinion appeared with respect to present levels of competency, but a fairly high degree of concurrence existed among all eight groups of respondents with regard to 17 areas of lowest present competence among practicing administrators. Respondents suggested very few methods and programs for improving present levels of administrator competency. In those areas in which respondents perceived lower levels of competency among administrators, deficiencies were generally attributed to lack of governmental cooperation. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that on-site performance evaluations be conducted to gain empirical data concerning present administrator competency. A permanent joint practitioner-government-university panel should be formed in each state to determine administrators' competency levels and needs and to design programs to meet those needs. Present university curricula for administrator preparation and training should be carefully reviewed in light of the competencies identified in this study, and in-service training sessions should be held to assist administrators in upgrading competencies. Finally, a mechanism should be established whereby all echelons of Nigeria's public school system can begin working together to promote improvements in education.
Keywords: openalex:import

In vivo analysis of impaired macrophage bactericidal capacity during experimental African trypanosomiasis - Glick, David L.; Jones, J F (Infection and Immunity, 1984)
Since innate resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium depends on an intact macrophage system, we have used this bacterium to investigate the effect of Trypanosoma brucei subsp. rhodesiense infection on macrophage phagocytic and cytolytic function. CBA/CaJ mice infected with T. brucei subsp. rhodesiense have decreased resistance to S. typhimurium, since doubly infected mice rapidly succumb to sublethal doses of S. typhimurium. Although trypanosomiasis is known to suppress antibody formation, such a suppression of antibody does not seem to play a role in trypanosome-induced sensitivity to S. typhimurium. A trypanosome-induced blockade of the reticuloendothelial system also does not occur, since parasitized and control mice clear S. typhimurium from the blood equally well. Early killing (0 to 48 h) of S. typhimurium in the liver and spleen is mainly macrophage mediated, and mice infected with trypanosomes kill S. typhimurium in the liver and spleen very poorly. Apparently trypanosomiasis inhibits macrophage bactericidal activity, but has no effect on phagocytosis.
Keywords: openalex:import

The dependence of storm flows on rainfall intensity and vegetal cover in South Africa - Hewlett, John D.; Bosch, Jan (Journal of Hydrology, 1984)
Analysis of 1546 storm flows from eight small basins in South Africa provides new evidence that hourly rainfall intensity, and consequently overland flow, play a minor role in flood production in many source areas. Regressed against gross storm rainfall and maximum hourly rainfall intensities, storm-flow volumes showed: (1) decreasing sensitivity to rain intensity on high response basins; and (2) decreasing sensitivity as rainstorm size increases on the same basin. In other words, small channel-source storm flows respond to hourly intensity, but large storm flows from expanded source areas do not. Afforestation of a 195-ha basin with Pinus patula produced a detectable but unimportant decrease in storm flows and peak flows, while periodic burning of grass veld (Themeda grasses) showed no detectable change in storm flows or peak flows. Results are consistent with previous analyses of actual data from a number of drainage basins large enough to contain perennial streams.
Keywords: openalex:import

The ways in which technology is imported and their effects on employment and training—the case of the Ivory Coast - Kone, Zobila (PROSPECTS, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The ways in which technology is imported and their effects on employment and training—the case of the Ivory Coast - Kone, Zobila (PROSPECTS, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Skin-test sensitisation by tubercle bacilli and by other mycobacteria in ethiopian school-children - Lema, Eshetu; Stanford, J. L. (Tubercle, 1984)
Quadruple skin-testing with a range of 22 new tuberculins and PPD-RT23 was carried out on 665 school-children without BCG scars and 666 with BCG scars, in and around the towns of Butajira and Hosana in Shoa district of Ethiopia. Marked differences in patterns of sensitisation were distinguished between the 5 schools visited. In general, Mycobacterium chitae, M. diernhoferi, M. kansasii and M. vaccae were common sensitising agents in all schools, M. avium subspecies brunense, M. gilvum, M. rhodesiae and M. xenopi were absent, and the remaining species investigated were variably present between the schools. Contact with M. tuberculosis and M. leprae appeared greatest in Hosana and the possibility of sensitisation by M. ulcerans around the village of Enseno was discovered. The data also provided indirect evidence of the value of BCG in Shoa district. An interesting observation was the very variable enhancing effect that BCG vaccination had on sensitisation to individual fast growing species.
Keywords: openalex:import

Involvement of school teachers and MCH-aides in establishing oral health care programmes in Tanzania. - Mosha, H J; Nørmark, S (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Extending museum education in Kenya - Ndegwa, Lucy (Museum International, 1984)
(1984). Extending museum education in Kenya. Museum International: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 228-232.
Keywords: openalex:import

Nigerian High School Students Evaluate Journalism Careers - Okigbo, Charles (Journalism Quarterly, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Coeruption of contrasting magmas and temporal variations in magma chemistry at Longonot volcano, central Kenya - Scott, Stuart C.; Bailey, D. K. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Commentary: Food supply, nutritional status and nutrition education in Malawi - Weaver, Frances Jean (Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1984)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey words: Malawifood supplieseducationnutritional statusinfectionsparasitismnutrition programs
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effect of a Single Dose of Metrifonate on Schistosoma Haematobium Infection in Egyptian School Children * - A, el Kholy; Boutros, Sean; Tamara, Fredo; Ks, Warren; Aa, Mahmoud (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1984)
Egyptian school children infected with Schistosoma haematobium and treated with a single dose of metrifonate, 10 mg/kg body weight, had a marked reduction in urine egg counts reaching 90% during a 30-week follow-up. While cure rate was higher among lightly infected persons, percentage reduction in egg counts was greater among the heavily infected. After a summer period of probable high risk exposure reinfection rate in those children who were treated and cured was 4.7% as compared to 6% in previously uninfected children.
Keywords: openalex:import

Book Review: Algeria Earthquake of October 10, 1980: A Reconnaissance and Engineering Report - Bouguetta, Pouad (International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

"Moving Education Forward to Keep Society Back": The South African "De Lange Report" Reevaluated - Collins, Colin B.; Gillespie, Roselyn R. (Comparative education review, 1984)
Previous articleNext article No Access"Moving Education Forward to Keep Society Back": The South African "De Lange Report" ReevaluatedColin B. Collins and Roselyn R. GillespieColin B. Collins Search for more articles by this author and Roselyn R. Gillespie Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 28, Number 4Nov., 1984 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446471 Views: 1Total views on this site Citations: 5Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1984 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Elmarie Sadler, Jacobus Stephanus Wessels Transformation of the accounting profession, Meditari Accountancy Research 27, no.33 (Jun 2019): 448–471.https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-05-2018-0339JOHAN STURM, LEENDERT GROENENDIJK, BERNARD KRUITHOF, JULIALET RENS Educational Pluralism - a historical study of so-called 'pillarization' in the Netherlands, including a comparison with some developments in South African education, Comparative Education 34, no.33 (Jun 2010): 281–297.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050069828144Colin B. Collins, Roselyn R. Gillespie Educational renewal strategies for South Africa in a post-apartheid society, International Journal of Educational Development 13, no.11 (Feb 1993): 33–44.https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(93)90022-RColin B. Collins, Ros R. Gillespie Multiculturalism, the new name for apartheid: A study of school curricula in the new South Africa, Journal of Intercultural Studies 13, no.11 (Jan 1992): 55–66.https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.1992.9963384Yngve Nordkvelle The academic boycott of South Africa debate: Science and social practice, Studies in Higher Education 15, no.33 (Jan 1990): 253–275.https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079012331377390
Keywords: openalex:import

Misconceptions in physics amongst Nigerian secondary school students - Ivowi, U. M. O. (Physics Education, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Geological evolution of the trachytic caldera volcano Menengai, Kenya Rift Valley - Leat, P. T. (Journal of the Geological Society, 1984)
Menengai is a trachytic central volcano underlain by a high-level magma chamber. Activity started shortly before 0.18 Ma, with the growth of a low-angle trachyte lava shield having a volume of about 30 km³. Krakatau-style collapse to form a 77 km² caldera within an embayed ring-fracture was accompanied by the eruption of two ash-flow tuffs representing a combined magma volume of about 50 km³. The eruption of both tuffs was preceded by an air-fall phase. Both were emplaced as single flow units, and have intermediate aspect ratios of c. 1:4000. The tuffs cover an area of c. 1350 km², including outcrops higher than the eruptive vents. During post-caldera times, some 25 km³ of magma was erupted, mostly as lava flows which now cover the caldera floor, but also as cinder cones and plinian-type tephra sheets. The chronology of syn- and post-caldera events is based on correlation with dated fluctuations in the levels of nearby lakes, suggesting that the two ash-flows may have been erupted at about 29 000 and before 12 850 years ago. Lake sediments inside the caldera provide evidence for a late intra-caldera lake from about 10 300 to 8300 years B.P.
Keywords: openalex:import

Moroccan learners' English errors: A pilot study. - Meziani, Ahmed (International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The training of medical personnel in the Republic of Guinea - Orivel, François (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Formal or Nonformal Education? Entrepreneurial Women in Ghana - Robertson, Claire (Comparative Education Review, 1984)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFormal or Nonformal Education? Entrepreneurial Women in GhanaClaire C. RobertsonClaire C. Robertson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 28, Number 4Nov., 1984 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446472 Views: 38Total views on this site Citations: 7Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1984 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Lewis Abedi Asante, Ilse Helbrecht Conceptualising marketplaces in Anglophone West Africa: a sexpartite framework, GeoJournal 85, no.11 (Oct 2018): 221–236.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9946-4Md. Nuruzzaman Khan, M. Mofizul Islam, Keiko Nakamura Women's attitude towards wife-beating and its relationship with reproductive healthcare seeking behavior: A countrywide population survey in Bangladesh, PLOS ONE 13, no.66 (Jun 2018): e0198833.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198833Amanobea Boateng Contextualising Women’s Entrepreneurship in Africa, (Oct 2017): 3–33.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65846-9_1T. Tu Huynh A ‘Wild West’ of trade? African women and men and the gendering of globalisation from below in Guangzhou, Identities 23, no.55 (Jul 2015): 501–518.https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1064422Dean Jolliffe The impact of education in rural Ghana: examining household labor allocation and returns on and off the farm, Journal of Development Economics 73, no.11 (Feb 2004): 287–314.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.02.002 Peter Glick and David E. Sahn Gender and Education Impacts on Employment and Earnings in West Africa: Evidence from Guinea Glick, Economic Development and Cultural Change 45, no.44 (Jul 2015): 793–823.https://doi.org/10.1086/452308Gail P. Kelly Setting State Policy on Women's Education in the Third World: perspectives from comparative research, Comparative Education 23, no.11 (Jan 1987): 95–102.https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006870230111
Keywords: openalex:import

Status of nutrients in Lake Mariut, a delta lake in Egypt suffering from intensive pollution - Saad, Massoud A. H.; El-Rayis, Osman A.; Ahdy, Hoda H.H. (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1984)
Abstract Levels of dissolved ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, as well as chlorosity, dissolved oxygen and hydrogen sulphide in the water of Lake Mariut have been investigated over a year. This shallow brackish-water lake, situated south of Alexandria, suffers from intense pollution. Two different water bodies can be distinguished in Lake Mariut. One, occupying the eastern side of the lake, is affected by sewage and industrial waste disposal, as well as discharge of highly polluted water from Qalaa Drain. The water in this region, which had lower regional average chlorosity values, contained abnormal higher concentrations of phosphate and nitrogenous salts in the presence of H 2 S. The western side was always oxic and showed higher average values of chlorosity. This western region contained lower concentrations of phosphate and nitrogenous salts, due to the influence of the relatively clean water from Umum Drain. The principal source of silicon for Lake Mariut is agricultural drainage. The annual average concentrations of phosphate and nitrogenous salts in this lake were considerably higher than those in the neighbouring comparatively less polluted Nozha Hydrodrome.
Keywords: openalex:import

In-Sevice Training of Primary Teachers in Africa (INSET). Jeremy Greenland - Tete, Mundala O. (Comparative Education Review, 1984)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook NotesIn-Sevice Training of Primary Teachers in Africa (INSET). Jeremy Greenland Mundala O. TeteMundala O. Tete Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 28, Number 4Nov., 1984 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446484 Copyright 1984 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
Keywords: openalex:import

Development planning in the third world education in Botswana: A case study - Whiteside, Alan (Development Southern Africa, 1984)
Development planning is regarded as essential for advancement in the Third World. This article discusses planning in Botswana, specifically in the area of education. The economic and educational developments in Botswana are described. The process of development planning is discussed under a number of headings, namely the administration of development planning Botswana; drawing up a development plan; and implementing the plan. The hypothesis that planning, to some extent, arises from compromises that in turn result from conflicts among the planners, is discussed. Examples are given to illustrate this. The article argues that conflicts will increase as financial constraints become more important in Botswana.
Keywords: openalex:import

Suicidal behaviour--some views of staff and students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe. - Williams, Hubert (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Microcomputers and Microelectronics Teaching on the West Bank - Yahya, Adnan (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of drought-related acute undernutrition--Mauritania, 1983. (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: PAST DIMENSIONS AND POSSIBLE FUTURES - Collins, Colin B. (Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Education in South Africa: Past Dimensions and Possible Futures - Collins, Colin B. (Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Seismotectonics of the Guinean Earthquake of December 22, 1983 - Dorbath, Catherine; Dorbath, L.; Gaulon, R.; George, T. Neville; Mourgue, P.; Ramdani, Mohamed; Robineau, Bernard; Tadili, Benaissa (Geophysical Research Letters, 1984)
Field geological and seismological investigations conducted after the Guinean earthquake on December 22, 1983 show a shallow dextral strike‐slip fault with a large normal component. The NW‐SE horizontal compressive stress deduced from this event is consistent with measurements made at other places in this region. Old fissures, some of them reactivated during this earthquake, show that this intraplate area constitutes a localized weakness zone in the crust.
Keywords: openalex:import

Training Rural Health Staff for Oral Rehydration Therapy in Southern Sudan - Hetta, Ole Mathis; Lundstrøm, Karl-Johan (Tropical Doctor, 1984)
From February 1980 to August 1982 a very definite change occurred in the treatment pattern for diarrhoea among the rural health staff in Torit and Kapoeta districts in Eastern Equatoria Province in Sudan. This paper describes a training and supervision programme for promoting use of ORT in diarrhoeal diseases and at the same time discouraging the use of sulphonamides in simple diarrhoea. In the training programme emphasis is put on increasing the knowledge of the health staff both about the medical facts and about communication with their communities. ORS as treatment for diarrhoea has been well accepted by the public, who consider the sugar/salt solution as "good medicine". The use of sulphonamides for diarrhoea has decreased from 75% to 22% of the diarrhoea cases, while use of ORS has increased from 7% to 72% of the diarrhoea cases.A training and supervision program for promoting use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in diarrheal diseases is described. The use of sulfonamides in simple diarrhea is discouraged. Emphasis is put on increasing the knowledge of the health staff both about the medical facts and about communication with their communities. During 1980, a severegastroenteritis epidemic struck Southern Sudan caused by cholera, during which ORT was introduced. Prepackaged oral rehydration salt (ORS) hs since supplied to the health stations. After the epidemic was controlled, a training program was launched by Norwegian Church Aid/Sudan Programme. Local health workers attended a 4-day workshop on the treatment and prevention of diarrheal diseases and were visited by medical staff for individual on-the-job training and supervision. It was considered important to stress the need for preventing diarrhea. Workshops on ORT and pure water were conducted. ORT was presented as a new and more effective treatment. Media used were: drama, cassettes, flipcharts, handbills, and demonstrations. To evaluate the program, a retrospective check of the daily attendance records was done. Total attendance was counted, as were diarrhea and dysentery cases, total sulfonamide treatments, diarrhea/dysentery cases given antibiotics, ORS or both during 1 month. There was a definite change in the treatment of diarrhea. The use of sulfonamides decreased consideably, from 76% in 1980 (pre ORT) to 22% in 1982 (after training). The use of ORS as the only treatment rose. From 8% in 1980 to 72% by 1982, 19 months after the training program.
Keywords: openalex:import

Research Project on Youth, Non-Formal Training and Employment in Lusaka, Zambia: a case-study - Hoppers, Wim (IDS Bulletin, 1984)
SUMMARY This research — on the social and economic role of non-formal urban craft training — led the author to conclude that local collaboration is essential. He did not work with a counterpart, but invested great importance in effective policy dialogue with decision-makers. RESUMEN Proyecto de investigación sobre juventud, capacitación informal y empleo en Lusaka, Zambia Esta investigación, sobre el rol social y económico de la capacitación informal de los oficios urbanos, hizo concluir al autor que la colaboración local es esencial. El no trabajó con uncontraparte, pero otorgó gran importancia a los fructíferos diálogos políticos que sostuvo con los responsables de tomar decisiones. SOMMAIRE Projet de recherche sur la jeunesse, l'apprentissage non-formel et l'emploi à Lusaka, Zambie Ces recherches, sur le rôle économique et social de l'apprentissage non-formel de métiers dans les villes, ont amené l'auteur à conclure que la participation locale est essentielle. Il ne travailla pas avec un homologue, mais accorda une grande importance dans la pratique d'un dialogue effectif avec les responsables.
Keywords: openalex:import

A strong earthquake strikes Guinea (22 December 1983) - Ramdani, Mohamed; Tadili, B.; Sari, D. Ben (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

ann k. s. lambton. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50 - Rosenthal, Franz (The American Historical Review, 1984)
ann k. s. lambton. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50 Lambton Ann K. S.. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50. Franz Rosenthal Franz Rosenthal Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 89, Issue 4, October 1984, Pages 1125–1126, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/89.4.1125 Published: 01 October 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

ann k. s. lambton. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50 - Rosenthal, Franz (The American Historical Review, 1984)
ann k. s. lambton. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50 Lambton Ann K. S.. State and Government in Medieval Islam; An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory: The Jurists. (London Oriental Series, number 36.) New York: Oxford University Press, for the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 1981. Pp. xviii, 364. $47.50. Franz Rosenthal Franz Rosenthal Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 89, Issue 4, October 1984, Pages 1125–1126, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/89.4.1125 Published: 01 October 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

The Manchester School in South-Central Africa - Werbner, Richard (Annual Review of Anthropology, 1984)
In the decade after World War II, a major, coordinated project of urban and rural research, perhaps the first of its kind in Africa, was carried out by anthropologists working in what was then British Central Africa, now Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi (63, 69). Led by Max Gluckman, the anthropologists broke new ground, empirically and theoretically. Their fresh data were about the observed social practice of specific, recognizable individuals; events were given in detail, with a characteristic richness. The arguments they advanced gave theoretical force to such concepts as, to cite a few among the many, the social field, situational analysis, perpetual succession, intercalary roles, situational selection, cross-cutting ties, the dominant cleavage, redressive ritual, repetitive and changing social systems, processional form, processual change. Besides numerous papers, they published more than a dozen monographs in the 1950s and 1960s (3, 24-26, 41, 43, 68, 76, 85, 86, lOOb, 129, 147b, 150). The concern with social process and the theme of conflict and conflict resolution came to be considered most characteristic of their studies. As Turner put it, when he introduced Schism and Continuity in an African Society, his outstanding classic within the mainstream of these studies:
Keywords: openalex:import

Patterns of cigarette-smoking among Ethiopian medical and paramedical students. - Za, Zein; Admasu, Muluken Asfaw; Tadesse, Mekonnen; Laeke, N; Olango, Petros; Ta, Rassu; Asfaw, Tariku Derese (PubMed, 1984)
Of 479 Ethiopian medical and paramedical students who completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning their smoking habits 81.6% were males and 18.4% females. 1/3 were paramedical students and the rest medical students; the overall prevalence rate of regular smokers was 25%. More medical students (27.5%) than paramedical (18.4%) smoked cigarettes; the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Between the 1st and 5th year of medical training smoking rates increased fivefold with the largest increase occurring during the clinical years when siginificantly more students (P<0.005) smoked than during preclinical years. Prevalence increasing with number of years of study was also observed among students of nursing who smoked more than any other paramedical group. Age-adjusted rates showed a male smoking rate of 29.7% versus 4.5% for females but the prevalence rates increased with age for all groups and both sexes. The epidemiology of smoking among Gondar College of Medical Sciences students was similar to that in university settings in many developed countries. The implications of a high prevalence among health professionals are serious. (authors)
Keywords: openalex:import

Geochemical evolution of the Menengai Caldera Volcano, Kenya - Leat, P. T.; Macdonald, Ray; Smith, Robert L. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984)
The Menengai volcano is composed almost entirely of strongly peralkaline, Si‐oversaturated trachytes. No mafic or intermediate products have yet been identified. The volcano has had a complex geochemical evolution, resulting from the interplay of magma mixing, crystal fractionation and liquid state differentiation. The controlling mechanism at any time was related to the growth stage of the complex, the presence of volatile gradients in the chamber, and the distribution of magma densities in the chamber. Prior to a major ash flow eruption, the magma reservoir was growing by the addition and mixing of two or more trachytic melts, only slightly different in composition. A volatile‐rich cap eventually separated from the lava‐forming zone and became compositionalIy zoned by liquid state processes. In late pfecaldera times, trachyte magma was able to penetrate into the cap zone, resulting in the eruption of mixed magma. The first Menengai ash flow tuff was erupted from a compositionally zoned magma chamber which showed strong roofward enrichment in Fe, Mn, Cs, Hf, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Ta, Th, U, Y, Zn, Zr, and the REE (including Eu) and probably also Na, Cl, and F, and roofward depletion in Al, Mg, Ca, K, Ti, P, Ba, and Sc. Observed enrichment factors of up to 5 make this one of the most strongly zoned ash flow units yet recorded. Zonation was achieved by liquid state differentiation, probably involving volatile transfer and thermodiffusion, and minor crystal fractionation. After a period of rehomogenization of the magma remaining in the upper parts of the chamber, the second Menengai ash flow tuff was erupted, with formation of the present caldera. This unit is also compositionalIy zoned, although with lower observed enrichment factors than the first sheet. Caldera collapse was followed by convective overturn within the magma chamber and the rise to the roof zone of a Ba‐rich magma from a level not tapped by the as flow. Enrichment of volatiles in this zone resulted in the establishment of a stable density interface between an upper, tuff‐producing zone and the lower, lava‐forming zone. In the latter, 25% crystallization of syenite took place against the side walls. Crystallization in the tuff‐forming zone was more extensive (75%) and produced a series of chemically evolved tuffs. At some critical stage, liquid state processes became dominant in both zones and compositional variations comparable to those in the ash flow sheets were established. Some mixing of the upper and lower zone magmas may have occurred relatively recently. The Menengai volcano provides evidence of the development by liquid state mechanisms of extensive compositional zonations through thicknesses in excess of 10 2 m in times of 10 2 –10 3 years. It also gives unique information on the senses and amounts of elemental enrichments and depletions during liquid state differentiation of trachytic magma.
Keywords: openalex:import

Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift Valley - Williams, L. A. J.; Macdonald, Ray; Chapman, G. R. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 1984)
There are seven major, late Quaternary (≤1 m.y.), trachytic caldera volcanoes in the Kenya Rift Valley; the Barrier, Emuruangogolak, Silali, Paka, Menengai, Longonot, and Suswa. These are situated in the inner troughs of the rift. Their positions are not apparently related to transverse lineaments or basement structures. The structural development was complex, involving combinations of the formation of large calderas and small calderas/pit craters, the growth of lava and tuff cones and the eruption of fissure basalts. Two groups of volcanoes are broadly distinguished. A southern group, comprising Suswa, Longonot, and Menengai, are overwhelmingly of trachytic composition. Krakatau‐style formation of calderas approaching 100 km 2 in area was accompanied by the eruption of voluminous ash flow and airfall tuffs (20–50 km 3 ). In the remaining, more northerly volcanoes, basalts and mugearites form bimodal associations with trachytes. Caldera formation was accompanied by only sparse pyroclastic activity and the collapse may have been initiated by withdrawal of magma from depth. Knowledge of the geochemical evolution of the complexes is limited by the scarcity of published analytical data. The only detailed study is that of Menengai, where chemical variations were caused, at different structural stages, by magma mixing, crystal fractionation and various liquid‐state differentiation processes
Keywords: openalex:import

Trends in nursing in South Africa and their implications for nursing education - Loudon, Holly (Curationis, 1984)
In South Africa there is a unique and difficult problem in that sparsely populated, outlying areas constitute a major load for health services. Varied cultures and degrees of tribalism and seemingly inaccessible terrain often deter or prohibit the extension of health services. Thus, with an ever increasing population (Black populations in dire need of preventive health education) and the influence of urbanisation and industrialisation, preventive and promotive services have seriously lapsed behind the more dramatic field of curative medicine, and may be considered a major reason for the unabating social breakdown in our community.
Keywords: openalex:import

Leads from the MMWR. Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning from Kenya (JAMA, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Introduction to the Special Section on Art Education in South Africa (de arte, 1984)
"Introduction to the Special Section on Art Education in South Africa." de arte, 19(31), pp. 3–4
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Other Determinants of Political Support in a New State: the Case of Ghana - Achola, Paul P.W. (The Western political quarterly, 1984)
INCE DAVID EASTON first formulated the concept of political support in his seminal work,A Systems Analysis of Political Life ( 1965: 159), a number of investigators have attempted to operationalize the concept. The bulk of these works has been undertaken in the United States and industrialized countries of Western Europe. Their primary focus has been to pinpoint the correlates of support for either a single political leadership and institution such as legislators and the legislature (Boynton, Patterson and Hedlund 1968: 163-80; Patterson, Wahlke and Boynton 1973: 282-313; Boynton and Loewenberg 1973: 169-89; Patterson and Boynton 1974: 56); or support for multiple leaders and institutions (Abramson and Inglehart 1970: 419-42; Dennis 1975: 187-230). At times the object of support has been the entire political system (Loewenberg 1973: 142-56; Citrin, McClosky, Shanks and Sniderman 1975: 1-31). It has been established from such studies that among the important correlates of political support are formal education, urban and mass media exposure, ethnicity, significant life cycle experiences and the individual's level of political consciousness. The effects of these variables on political support in the industrialized countries are by and large positive. But their effect on political support in the new states, especially in Africa, is mixed. For instance, while Hayward (1974: 165-92) found formal education to be positively associated with supportive orientations toward the Ghanaian political system, Abernethy in Nigeria (1969: 217), Koff and Von der Muhll in Tanzania and Kenya (1967: 13-51) and Achola in Ghana (1980: Chapter V) found that in a number of instances formal education, urban exposure and ethnicity had a negative association with political support. Apart from the conflicting evidence regarding the correlates of political support in new African states, there is a general dearth of studies which investigate the determinants of political support. A study by Patterson, Wahlke and Boynton (1973: 293) developed a model of the determinants of support for the legislative institution, but no attempt was made to test the model empirically. Nonetheless, a few works exist which have developed and tested with empirical data models of the determinants of political participation (Nie, Powell and Prewitt 1971: 406-30; Beck and
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Other Determinants of Political Support in a New State: The Case of Ghana - Achola, Paul P.W. (The Western political quarterly, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence of sand flea (Tunga penetrans)among primary and post-primary school pupils in Choba area of the Niger Delta - Arene, F. O. I. (Public Health, 1984)
The prevalence of sand flea (Tunga penetrans) among primary and post-primary school pupils in the Choba area of the Niger Delta was studied. Overall, 30·4% of the pupils were infected with the parasite. More male pupils (33·8%) than female pupils (27·1%) harboured the infection. The infections occurred on the pulp and side of their toes rather than the sole of their feet or dorsum of their toes. A progressive decline in the prevalence rate with age was also recorded. These results are briefly discussed in relation to the known epidemiology of tungiasis.
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Society: A Sociology of African Education - Datta, Ansu K. (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The Child and His Environment in Black Africa: An Essay on Traditional Education. - Erny, Pierre; Wanjohi, G.J. (Man, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

THE USE OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES IN NARRATIVE DISCOURSE: A CASE STUDY OF A LEARNER OF MOROCCAN ARABIC AS A SECOND LANGUAGE - Fakhri, Ahmed (Language Learning, 1984)
Research in second language learners’communicative strategies has provided an elaborate framework for analyzing how learners manage to convey meanings and messages in spite of their limited "knowledge" of the target language. Many studies (e.g., Færch and Kasper 1983) have dealt with the identification and classification of communicative strategies (CSs). This paper investigates a new aspect of the use of CSs: the interaction between the application of CSs and narrative discourse features. Twelve narratives were collected from a learner of Moroccan Arabic as a second language over a four‐week period during daily conversation sessions in the target language. The analysis of the data draws upon research in narrative discourse (e.g., Labov 1972) and language learners’CSs (e.g., Tarone 1980; Færch and Kasper 1983). The study suggests that the subject resorted to a number of strategies to compensate for her linguistic deficiencies and that the application of these strategies was not random but constrained by narrative discourse features. The limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for further research made.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Use Of Communicative Strategies In Narrative Discourse: A Case Study Of A Learner Of Moroccan Arabic As A Second Language - Fakhri, Ahmed (Deep Blue (University of Michigan), 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

[Characteristics of occlusion of 241 Namibian students at the Isle of Youth, 1982]. - G, Ortega Valdes (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Art Teaching in Zimbabwe: Printmaking in Harare - Gray, Philippa (de arte, 1984)
(1984). Art Teaching in Zimbabwe: Printmaking in Harare. de arte: Vol. 19, No. 31, pp. 17-20.
Keywords: openalex:import

African Literature and British Schools - Gunner, Elizabeth (Cambridge Journal of Education, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence and distribution of dental caries and gingivitis in 6-year-old children attending free-government schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. - Mo, Noah (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluation of Milk and Nutrient Intakes of School Children in Nigeria - Nnanyelugo, D. O. (Appetite, 1984)
The study was conducted to evaluate the contribution made by school milk to the nutrient intake of 246 primary school children in urban and rural areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. The information collected included a brief medical examination, socio-economic data, food consumption pattern and a weighed food intake. Urban and rural children who drank school milk had a mean daily intake of 426 ml compared with only 185 ml per day for children who did not receive school milk. Children who drank school milk daily, when compared with those who did not, had higher statistically significant mean daily intake for several nutrients including calcium and riboflavin (p less than 0.001) in both sexes and groups; protein and fat for rural children (p less than 0.01) and vitamin A for urban and rural boys (p less than 0.001). Symptoms suggestive of lactose intolerance were low in the population investigated. The relative beneficial effects of milk supplementation were more marked in rural than in urban children.
Keywords: openalex:import

Biochemical ariboflavinosis among Nigerian rural school children. - Oa, Ajayi (PubMed, 1984)
Eighty school children (47 boys and 33 girls) from a rural community ranging in age from 10 to 16 years and of low socio-economic status were surveyed for riboflavin deficiency. The overall prevalence of subclinical riboflavin deficiency was 41 per cent based upon an activity coefficient (AC) of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) of more than 1.30. Although there was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of riboflavin deficiency between the boys and girls, the EGR-AC values correlated significantly with dietary riboflavin intake (r = -0.48, P less than 0.002) for the boys only. The regression analyses of riboflavin intake on EGR-AC values indicated that a minimum daily intake of 0.70 mg riboflavin or 0.4 mg/1000 kcal corresponded to acceptable EGR-AC values (less than 1.20) for the boys. Dietary data showed that the intake of energy, thiamine and riboflavin was grossly inadequate for the needs of the children. About 15 per cent of the total protein intake and 14.3 per cent of the total riboflavin intake were obtained from animal products with plant sources contributing the bulk of the intake. Milk intake was very low or non-existent. It is suggested that dietary intakes of large quantities of leafy vegetables and the use of fermented products and dried shrimps in the soup or an oral vitamin supplement would improve their riboflavin intake.
Keywords: openalex:import

Abdominal tumours in African children: an experience at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria, during 1977-1983. - Sc, Agarwal; Ra, Cederquist (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Selected aims in teaching Geography at the Junior Secondary Level in Zimbabwe - Seke, A. (1984)
There are various factors that influence one’s thinking when it comes to the description of aims in teaching geography at school level. Firstly, there are changes in the curriculum at the secondary school level. These involve longer schooling periods in that all children proceed from form 1 to form 4; the growing complexity of our society; the earlier maturation of pupils and the demands that our education system should be more socialistic in outlook. These have had the effect of widening the aims of secondary school geography.
Keywords: openalex:import

University Education in Botswana - Setidisho, N.O.H. (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Spontaneous resettlement after drought: An Ethiopian example* - Turton, David; Turton, P (Disasters, 1984)
Based upon two recent periods of fieldwork among a spontaneously resettled population of cattle herders in southwestern Ethiopia, this paper is an attempt to illustrate, by a particular case, the general proposition that external aid, if it is not to be counter‐productive, must meet people's needs as they themselves define them. The people in question, the Mursi, have experienced, since 1970, their worst period of drought and hunger in living memory. They have responded to this experience with resilience and inventiveness and largely without external assistance. The paper concentrates on a recent, drought induced, migration of Mursi to higher land, outside their traditional territory, and shows how the migrants are adapting to a new way of life which brings them into direct conflict with some of their most cherished cultural traditions.
Keywords: openalex:import

[Ethiopia. Home from a country plagued by drought and famine]. - Olesen, M (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Acute schistosomiasis with transverse myelitis in American students returning from Kenya. (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Mother-Child Interaction around a Teaching Task: An African-American Comparison - Dixon, Suzanne; Levine, Robert A.; Richman, Amy; Brazelton, T. Berry (Child Development, 1984)
DIXON, SUZANNE D.; LEVINE, R. A.; RICHMAN, AMY; and BRAZELTON, T. BERRY. Mother-Child Interaction around a Teaching Task: An African-American Comparison. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 1252-1264. 36 American and African mothers and their children in 3 age cohorts from 6 to 36 months of age were asked to interact around age-appropriate teaching tasks. The interactional behaviors were videotaped and scored in 1-sec epochs. Major behavioral differences between cultural groups and tasks were demonstrated. These differences included an increased frequency of repeated instructions, hand pulling, and lesser use of verbalization by the African mothers. They tended to use repeated focusing and modeling of the task in its entirety, and used little reinforcement for their infants' efforts except simple confirmation of success. The American mothers used much praise, encouragement, and reflective speech in their efforts to shape the child's activity. The African infants tended to be persistent in their efforts, used social interactions with their mothers often, and showed no resistance to hand tugging or pulling. The American children demonstrated more diverse play activities with the toys, shorter attention spans with some tasks, and frustration with tugging or restraining activities. Both cultural groups demonstrated contingent, reciprocal, and affectively positive interactions. These differences and similarities were explored within the context of culture-specific values, expectations for children, and the goals for and assumptions of the teaching process. The teaching situation was shown to be invaluable as a window into the universal and culture-specific aspects of mother-child interaction.
Keywords: openalex:import

[Teaching dermatovenereology in Algeria]. - Gi, Sukolin (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

The study of education and development in Africa: toward alternative paradigms - Kinyanjui, Kabiru (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

[An interview with Ms. Lea, a government-sponsored student from Ethiopia (at Chiba University School of Nursing): a hope to obtain a Master's Degree in nursing at Chiba University]. - Lea (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Disparate Teacher Attention Favouring the More Able: Some Data from Papua New Guinean Community and Provincial High Schools - Moore, Dennis W. (Australian Journal of Education, 1984)
Several authors have indicated that the pygmalion effect (Rosenthal and Jacobson, 1968) may best be accounted for in terms of differential teacher attention to pupils whom they perceive as more and less able. Researchers have reported such disparate interaction patterns in primary and secondary classrooms in a number of countries. This paper reports separate non-participant observational studies of six community school classes and five provincial high school classes, showing that the teachers directed a disproportionately large number of questions (the principal teacher-pupil interaction initiator) to those pupils judged most able. In the high school study, teacher praise and disapproval were observed to be similarly unevenly distributed to the more able pupils’ advantage. These results are discussed as possible exemplars of the self-fulfilling prophecy in our schools.
Keywords: openalex:import

Health Knowledge Among Teachers: Case Study of Teacher's Training College in Benin City, Nigeria - Oshodin, O. G. (The journal of the Royal Society of Health, 1984)
THE data on health knowledge items in areas of personal health, drug use, community health, environmental health, nutrition, family health, first aid and safety education were collected on a sample of 100 teachers in the teacher training college in Benin City, Nigeria. By means of frequency and percentages of responses to these items, results showed that the majority of the teachers (81%) had adequate knowledge in areas of environmental, community, and personal health; nutrition and first aid and safety while they were inadequate in areas of drug use and family health.
Keywords: openalex:import

Global Perspective in the Social Studies Curricula of African Public Schools - Osunde, Egerton O. (The Social Studies, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA - Palmer, W. P. (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Human Relations Training for African Public Officials - Smith, Mary Lou (Small group behavior, 1984)
Conditions in African cultures, particularly Nigeria, are considered and the role of training, notably human relations training, as a force in cultural change and modernization is examined.
Keywords: openalex:import

Characteristics of Storms over Urban Areas in East Africa - Sumner, Graham (Water Science and Technology, 1984)
Storm morphologies and associated intensity profiles are examined using data taken from dense pluviograph networks in East Africa. Different morphologies of storms are illustrated with use of examples for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Kampala, Uganda. Generally storms of elliptical form dominate for inland East Africa, but along coastal and lake margins, storms of a more linear form are envisaged as important contributions to rainfall. Storm size, development and form are good indicators of the magnitude of maximum storm depths and intensities. Although storms belonging to several different morphologies may occur the distribution of rainfall with time through a storm appears consistent for the majority: the heaviest falls occur very early in the storm.
Keywords: openalex:import

18O/16O and chemical relationships in K-rich volcanic rocks from Australia, East Africa, Antarctica, and San Venanzo-Cupaello, Italy - Taylor, Hugh P.; Turi, B.; Cundari, A. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1984)
18O/16O analyses were made on a set of leucite-bearing igneous rocks from a variety of localities around the world. The samples chosen for study all have relatively primitive characteristics, such as low SiO2 contents (42–52 wt.%). Whole-rock δ18O values from the 10–15 m.y. old Australian leucitites range from +7.1 to +11.0; however, none of these values represents the original δ18O of the erupted lava, as every sample has undergone some subsolidus18O enrichment. The δ18O values of the primary magmas (≈ +6.5) can be accurately calculated from the δ18O of clinopyroxene mineral separates. However, the leucite mineral separates (pure, stoichiometric KA1Si2O6) have δ18O = +8.8to+10.6, and clearly have not retained their primary igneous oxygen isotopic compositions. The whole-rock δ18O values exhibit a positive correlation with H2O+ contents, and extrapolation to a plausible water content for such a subaerially erupted lava ( <0.5 wt.% H2O) gives a range of primary δ18O values of +5.8 to +6.8. The much less hydrated Bufumbira, Africa and Gaussberg, Antarctica samples have δ18O = +6.7to+7.9and+6.1to+7.0, respectively. These have probably undergone only minor subsolidus18O enrichments. The San Venanzo, Italy, samples are even less hydrated, so their extremely high δ18O values of +10.8 to +12.0 are definitely magmatic values. Those data confirm our earlier conclusions that the leucite-bearing magmas erupted in north-central Italy are unique in having much higher δ18O values than potassic rocks from southern Italy or anywhere else in the world. The northward increase in δ18O in the leucite-bearing rocks of Italy is thus clearly a manifestation of progressively greater interaction between mantle-derived magmas (δ18O = +5.5to+7.5) and the high-18O sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of the Italian continental crust (δ18O = +15to+25), which were strongly heated during the episode of Tuscan anatectic granitic magmatism.
Keywords: openalex:import

Charging User Fees for Social Services: Education in Malawi - Thobani, Mateen (Comparative Education Review, 1984)
Previous articleNext article No AccessCharging User Fees for Social Services: Education in MalawiMateen ThobaniMateen Thobani Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 28, Number 3Aug., 1984 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446445 Views: 18Total views on this site Citations: 19Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1984 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:D. Brent Edwards Decentralization and Community-Based Management in Global Perspective: Trends and Institutions, (Sep 2017): 125–148.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50875-1_5Emma Kelly, Kristen Lee, Katherine F. Shields, Ryan Cronk, Nikki Behnke, Tori Klug, Jamie Bartram The role of social capital and sense of ownership in rural community-managed water systems: Qualitative evidence from Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia, Journal of Rural Studies 56 (Nov 2017): 156–166.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.021Stefano Mainardi Disparities in Public Service Provision in Niger: Cross-District Evidence on Access to Primary Schools and Healthcare, Regional Studies 49, no.1212 (Mar 2014): 2017–2036.https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.890705D. Brent Edwards, Steven J. Klees Unpacking “participation” in development and education governance: A framework of perspectives and practices, PROSPECTS 45, no.44 (Dec 2015): 483–499.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-015-9367-9Thi Thai Ha Trân Financement de l’éducation au Viêt Nam, Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres , no.IIII (May 2014).https://doi.org/10.4000/ries.3892Thi Thai Ha Trân Education financing in Vietnam, Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres , no.IIII (May 2014).https://doi.org/10.4000/ries.3895Ebenezer Kwabena Tetteh Responding to the challenges of social health insurance in African countries, Development Southern Africa 29, no.55 (Nov 2012): 657–680.https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2012.730964Peter Moyi Household characteristics and delayed school enrollment in Malawi, International Journal of Educational Development 30, no.33 (May 2010): 236–242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2009.11.008Steven J. Klees A quarter century of neoliberal thinking in education: misleading analyses and failed policies, Globalisation, Societies and Education 6, no.44 (Nov 2008): 311–348.https://doi.org/10.1080/14767720802506672Jane Arnold Lincove Efficiency, equity and girls' education, Public Administration and Development 26, no.44 (Jan 2006): 339–357.https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.416PAULINE ROSE Community Participation in School Policy and Practice in Malawi: Balancing local knowledge, national policies and international agency priorities, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 33, no.11 (Jul 2010): 47–64.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920302597Pauline Rose From the Washington to the Post-Washington Consensus: The influence of international agendas on education policy and practice in Malawi, Globalisation, Societies and Education 1, no.11 (Jul 2010): 67–86.https://doi.org/10.1080/1476772032000061824Nancy Birdsall, Francois Orivel Demand for Primary Schooling in Rural Mali: Should User Fees be Increased?, Education Economics 4, no.33 (Jul 2006): 279–296.https://doi.org/10.1080/09645299600000026Christopher Colclough Education and the market: Which parts of the neoliberal solution are correct?, World Development 24, no.44 (Apr 1996): 589–610.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00157-8Keith Hinchliffe Neo-liberal prescriptions for education finance: Unfortunately necessary or inherently desirable?, International Journal of Educational Development 13, no.22 (Apr 1993): 183–187.https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(93)90012-OLynn Ilon Fitting girls' schooling into existing economic paradigms: Confronting the complexities, International Journal of Educational Development 12, no.22 (Apr 1992): 147–159.https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(92)90036-LKeith Hinchliffe Federation and educational finance: Primary schooling in Nigeria, International Journal of Educational Development 9, no.33 (Jan 1989): 233–242.https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(89)90054-0Douglas M. Windham Effectiveness indicators in the economic analysis of educational activities, International Journal of Educational Research 12, no.66 (Jan 1988): 575–665.https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(88)90011-0 Bibliography, (Jan 1988): 219–227.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-035858-1.50028-9
Keywords: openalex:import

An Identification of the Needs of Pre-Service Primary Teacher Education in Cross River State Nigeria, 1984 - Usoro, Udo Akpan (1984)
The purposes of this study are to (1) identify and classify the needs of pre-service primary teacher education in Cross River State, Nigeria; (2) establish a priority of identified needs by perceived importance; and (3) propose a model for the preparation of primary teachers in Cross River State, Nigeria, based upon the needs identified.
Keywords: openalex:import

Biochemistry Teaching in Egyptian Universities (Biochemical Education, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Opinions, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Self-Treatment Practices in a Nigerian Urban Setting: Implications for Health Education - Adeniyi, Joshua D.; Ramakrishna, Jayashree (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1984)
The universality of self-care is well documented but there is a lack of data on the manifestations of self-care in a particular environment: information which is sorely required for health planning purposes. This study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, attempts to provide some detailed information on opinions, attitudes and beliefs on self-treatment — an important aspect of self-care. Within the three-month period prior to the study, 80 percent of respondents had self-treated themselves or a member of their family, and 55 percent bought modern drugs without a doctor's prescription. On the one hand, common, self-limiting diseases were self-treated with modern drugs. On the other, people with chronic diseases usually sought professional help. In the people's perception, the elderly and mothers of young children are most suited to engage in self-treatment. Most importantly, people view self-treatment as a right of the individual to take responsibility for and to take an active part in maintaining his/her health, rather than a substitute or alternative to professional care.
Keywords: openalex:import

DEPRESSION, DUST BOWL, DEMOGRAPHY, AND DROUGHT: THE COLONIAL STATE AND SOIL CONSERVATION IN EAST AFRICA DURING THE 1930s - Anderson, David L. (African Affairs, 1984)
Journal Article DEPRESSION, DUST BOWL, DEMOGRAPHY, AND DROUGHT: THE COLONIAL STATE AND SOIL CONSERVATION IN EAST AFRICA DURING THE 1930s Get access DAVID ANDERSON DAVID ANDERSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 83, Issue 332, July 1984, Pages 321–344, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097622 Published: 01 July 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

The education of man: Nyerere's contribution towards an existential philosophy of Education in Africa - Bennaars, Gafj (1984)
A critical reflection on Nyerere's educational ideas in the light of Luijpen's existential phenomenology and of Freire's existential philosophy of education, and with specific reference to Nyerere' s thinking a bout the meaning of education in the African context.
Keywords: openalex:import

Medical student exchange visits, Ethiopia and Sweden: a summary report. - Britton, Sumudu (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Commonwealth African ministries of youth and non‐formal education - Chan, Stephen (The Round Table, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Attitudes of British and Nigerian Teachers to Training African Psychiatrists in the UK - Cox, John; Famuyiwa, O. O. (The bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1984)
The increased fees for postgraduate trainees from overseas and their difficulty passing the MRCPsych examination have made some British teachers question whether Departments of Psychiatry should continue to provide training for such doctors. The change in the relationship between old and new Commonwealth countries, and the increased availability of postgraduate training in Nigeria, Kenya or Zimbabwe are other factors to be considered.
Keywords: openalex:import

The Presentation of Indigenous Society in the Schools of French West Africa and Indochina, 1918 to 1938 - Kelly, Gail P. (Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1984)
The historiography of French colonial educational policy and practice has advanced considerably over the past decade. Not long ago W. Bryant Mum-ford's allegation, “Africans learn to be French,” was taken literally, and most scholars presumed that France, either out of cultural arrogance or blind reflex, brought metropolitan schooling in undiluted form to her colonies. We know better now. Recent studies of education in French West Africa and Indochina have suggested that colonial schools were not only adapted to the colonial context, but taught the students a great deal about their own societies. This article focuses on the knowledge that the two basic school levels, the elementary and primary, distributed about indigenous society in two French colonial federations—French West Africa and Indochina—in the period 1918–38 and speculates as to why the content and distribution of that knowledge took the forms they did. The discussion is based on analysis of texts in use in the primary schools, government curriculum guides, and student school notebooks. It begins with a brief survey of the structure of the educational system and curriculum of the schools as a whole, then proceeds to an analysis of the presentation of indigenous society in the schools.
Keywords: openalex:import

Gingivitis, dental fluorosis, and dental caries in primary school children of Nairobi, Kenya. - Manji, Firoze (PubMed, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

A study of unesco science education improvement projects in selected anglophone countries of africa: Project problems - Nichter, Richard (Science Education, 1984)
Science EducationVolume 68, Issue 4 p. 381-396 International Science EducationFree Access A study of unesco science education improvement projects in selected anglophone countries of africa: Project problems Richard Nichter, Richard Nichter Los Angeles Unified School District, 10126 Reseda Boulevard, Northridge, California 91324Search for more papers by this author Richard Nichter, Richard Nichter Los Angeles Unified School District, 10126 Reseda Boulevard, Northridge, California 91324Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1984 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730680403AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume68, Issue4July 1984Pages 381-396 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Keywords: openalex:import

The Progress of Five Attempts to Improve the Quality of Secondary Teaching in Papua New Guinea. - Palmer, W. P. (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

A Handbook for Teaching African Literature - Rogers, P J (African Affairs, 1984)
Journal Article A Handbook for Teaching African Literature Get access A Handbook for Teaching African Literature, by Elizabeth Gunner. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1984. 224 pp. £7·50. PETER ROGERS PETER ROGERS Newman CollegeBirmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 83, Issue 332, July 1984, Pages 425–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097634 Published: 01 July 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

A Handbook for Teaching African Literature - Rogers, P J (African Affairs, 1984)
Journal Article A Handbook for Teaching African Literature Get access A Handbook for Teaching African Literature, by Elizabeth Gunner. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1984. 224 pp. £7·50. PETER ROGERS PETER ROGERS Newman CollegeBirmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume 83, Issue 332, July 1984, Pages 425–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097634 Published: 01 July 1984
Keywords: openalex:import

Gold deposits and hydrothermal eruption breccias associated with a maar volcano at Wau, Papua New Guinea - Sillitoe, Richard H.; Baker, Elizabeth; Brook, William A. (Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 1984)
Emplacement of endogenous domes and eruption of pyroclastic flows in the Morobe goldfield took place in the interval from 4 to 2.4 m.y. ago. During the later part of this time interval, following tilting of the ignimbrite pile, a maar was generated at Wau. The subjacent diatreme is believed to extend downward for about 1 km to a regional dip-slip fault zone which hosts deeper level gold mineralization at the nearby Ribroaster Mine. Following initial maar formation, hydrothermal brecciation and gold deposition were controlled by low-angle extensional faults which developed during incipient subsidence of a wedge of poorly supported rock between the regional fault zone and the ring fault delimiting the maar. Epiclastic sedimentation was widespread in the maar. Volatile-depleted magma reached the surface around the perimeter of the maar during active sedimentation and constructed two principal endogenous domes, one dacitic and the other andesitic. The dacitic dome, dated previously at 2.4 m.y., gave rise to an apron of crumble breccia along the northwestern edge of the maar. Accumulation of the intramaar sequence was accompanied and followed by widespread subsidence and slumping which resulted in steep dips and locally overturned beds. The regional drainage system eventually breached the crater rim and resulted in deposition of channel conglomerates and fluviolacustrine beds, all carrying alluvial gold. Radiocarbon dating of wood from this unit showed that it accumulated >42,000 years ago. The most recent events at Wau are believed to be a series of hydrothermal eruptions which constructed a composite breccia apron at Koranga Crater on the southeastern edge of the maar. The most recent eruption is tentatively inferred to have taken place in 1967.--Modified journal abstract.
Keywords: openalex:import

School science curriculum and innovation: An African perspective - Urevbu, Andrew O. (European journal of science education, 1984)
(1984). School science curriculum and innovation: An African perspective. European Journal of Science Education: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 217-225.
Keywords: openalex:import

Achievement training: A re-assessment of the technique and its impact on the development of supervisory and managerial talent in Southern Africa - Nasser, Martin E. (South African journal of business management, 1984)
Against a scenario of an ever-increasing demand for a greater number of managers and supervisors - particularly Black talent - into the Southern African economies. this paper explores the real contribution Achievement Training has been making over the past four years. Specifically its contribution to developing managerial and supervisory talent is explored and its concomitant contribution to alleviate the critical 1:42 manager to worker ratio currently being experienced on this sub-continent.The Nasser Achievement Training Process has its origins in the work of Harvard Professor David McClelland's three-band theory. The development of this process is examined from both a construct and pedagogics point of view for purposes of critically reviewing its nature and impact.A longitudinal analysis of the results of some 2 985 prospective managers/supervisors who were exposed to the Achievement Training process reveals a number of very positive trends. The results indicate significant levels of improvement in performance on-the-job as adjudged by the immediate line managers on 10 work-related managerial supervisory dimensions.What is even more significant is that some 60% of the participants received promotions of between 1 and 4 levels during the observation period - the majority being Black. These results indicate the powerful nature of this Achievement Training process.The author argues that despite the significance of these results, this training process needs to be organic by nature. A restructuring of the contents has been proposed in order to equip even-better the latent managerial talent within the organization. Also the critical role of a well-trained Mentor has come into sharp focus as being a major facilitator in growing this managerial and supervisory talent at the fastest possible pace.
Keywords: openalex:import

Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Secondary School Sample - Holm, John (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

Survey of Botswana Political Participation, 1970: Secondary School Sample - Holm, John (1984)
Keywords: openalex:import

REPORT ON A STUDY ON AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA Undertaken on behalf of the COUNCIL NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR CLEAN AIR - Wang, Li (Clean air journal, 1984)
Keywords: openalex:import