Language intervention at schools: Changing orientations within the South African context - Alant, Erna (The South African journal of communication disorders. Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings, 1989)
The role of the speech therapist in the school has changed drastically over the last decade. The reasons for these changes originate from a growing realisation of the importance of contextualising intervention within a particular community. This article aims at providing an analysis of the present school population in South Africa with specific reference to the Black schools as a basis for discussion on the role of the speech and language therapist within this context. The problems of second language learning and teaching are highlighted and the role of the language therapist as a consultant within the Black school system is emphasized.
openalex: W2399263288 mag: 2399263288
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Female education and fertility in rural Sierra Leone: a test of the threshold hypothesis - Bailey, Mohamed J. (Canadian Studies in Population, 1989)
openalex: W2201419606 mag: 2201419606
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[Bladder schistosomiasis in school children; random study in the Ketu district, Ghana]. - Cw, Zijlmans; An, de Groot; Wm, Dolmans; Jp, Verhave (Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 1989)
In 2 periods 1986/'87 and 1987/'88 1193 school children (5-19 years) from 13 randomly selected villages in the Ketu district, Ghana, were examined for Schistosoma haematobium (SH) in the urine. For the egg count the quantitative urine filtration technique was used and besides 3 indirect indicators of SH infection were evaluated. An arbitrary division was made into areas of high and low endemicity, showing SH prevalence rates of 54.3-23.0% and 2.3-16.0%, respectively. The condition of the dams' in the different areas seemed to influence the infection rates. For all areas both prevalence and intensity of infection were both higher in boys than in girls. In the area of high endemicity it was possible to detect 99% of the heavily infected children (greater than or equal to 100 eggs/10 ml urine) by using the 3 indirect indicators combined.
openalex: W2397980733 mag: 2397980733
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[Bladder schistosomiasis in school children; random study in the Ketu district, Ghana]. - Zijlmans, C W; Groot, A N de; Dolmans, W M; Verhave, J P (PubMed, 1989)
In 2 periods 1986/'87 and 1987/'88 1193 school children (5-19 years) from 13 randomly selected villages in the Ketu district, Ghana, were examined for Schistosoma haematobium (SH) in the urine. For the egg count the quantitative urine filtration technique was used and besides 3 indirect indicators of SH infection were evaluated. An arbitrary division was made into areas of high and low endemicity, showing SH prevalence rates of 54.3-23.0% and 2.3-16.0%, respectively. The condition of the "dams' in the different areas seemed to influence the infection rates. For all areas both prevalence and intensity of infection were both higher in boys than in girls. In the area of high endemicity it was possible to detect 99% of the heavily infected children (greater than or equal to 100 eggs/10 ml urine) by using the 3 indirect indicators combined.
openalex: W4290287052
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A study to determine the need for mathematics inservice training for untrained and trained teachers in K-7 rural schools in Manicaland, Zimbabwe - Makande, Tendekai Don (1989)
approved: Redacted for Privacy Dr. Ed Strowbridge/ The purpose of this study was to determine the need for mathematics inservice training for untrained and trained teachers in K-7 rural schools in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The auxiliary teachers do not have any professional preparation before entry into the teaching profession. The study sought to determine the mathematics areas needed most by the primary school teachers during inservice training to improve the quality of mathematics instruction in their schools. A 28-item questionnaire was employed to measure the mathematics inservice needs of 120 teachers in grades 1-7. Six general areas were identified: mathematics knowledge, mathematics curriculum, mathematics training for teachers, instructional strategies, inservice training, the concept of rural education, and updated information from the field of mathematics education. Respondents were asked to indicate the extent of their perception of need for improvement in each of the 28 items on the questionnaire. The questionnaires were also designed to obtain the following information from K-7 teachers: demographic information which included personal information, professional education, experience, and perceptions of needs to improve mathematics instruction in K-7 rural schools in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Information obtained from 120 returned questionnaires (100%) was tabulated, and the data were examined using descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages of responses to each item, individual scores of the groups were described, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was utilized to compute the degree of relationship between items. In addition the t-test was used to determine if there was a significant difference between the means of the two groups. Within the limitations of the study the following major conclusions were drawn. 1. Inservice teachers have a strong interest in the improvement of mathematics teaching in K-7 schools in rural Manicaland. 2. Mathematics inservice programs and workshops should stress both content of mathematics and methods. 3. The teachers expressed the need for training in the following areas: i) mathematics content; ii) instructional strategies; iii) use of teaching aids, such as computers and calculators; and iv) curriculum development. A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR MATHEMATICS INSERVICE TRAINING FOR UNTRAINED AND TRAINED TEACHERS IN K-7 RURAL SCHOOLS IN MANICALAND, ZIMBABWE by Tendekai Don Makande A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed December 6, 1989 Commencement June 1990
openalex: W755162011 mag: 755162011
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Vocational Training for Self Employment. ILO's Experience in Africa. - Johanson, Richard K. (1989)
The number of entrants to the labor market today in most sub-Sahara African countries far exceeds the number of new jobs generated by the economy. This mismatch is one of the most serious problems the region faces. With too few jobs to go around, vocational training should focus on the generation of self-employment possibilities. In the mid-1970s the International Labour Office and the Swedish International Development Authority teamel up to develop and try out a new approach to the creation of rural employment through training. After 10 years, an investment of more than $5.3 million, and much trial and error, a successful approach has been developed for the creation of rural employment. The Skill Development for Self-Reliance (SDSR) program has been applied in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia. The overall SDSR strategy aims at creating self-employment for rural youth and women. It uses existing government training structures and financial institutions, and it applies a comprehensive approach to ensure the profitability of business activity on a sustained basis. There are five key program elements of the SDSR approach to rural income generation and self-employment: (1) market analysis; (2) selection of entrepreneurs; (3) training; (4) credit.; and (5) follow-up/monitoring. Now the SDSR program faces the issues of expansion on a larger scale and the creation of a supporting infrastructure. (KC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best tnat can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT ILO's EXPERIENCE IN AFRICA by Richard IL Johanson Chief, Vocational Training Branch ILO, Geneva LI Si_ OEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION ()Ike of Educations! Research aria1 niprowmern EDUC,ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION iiCENTER (ERIC.) nis 40CLnani nes been rewoduced as received from She (lemon or OnaaniiatnOn originating it %nor chengeS tvave been made to improve r411441JC001) 41.414.1,0 40mt of tnP* Of 00ani008 Mated nn inns 40c u 'lent 40 net heCessealy ,epreseni otfic,,s1 Of RI 0454'O+' a' policy PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE ED ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). Presented at IVETA Convention, Orlando, Florida, Special Problems of Providing Training to Small Enterprises, Monday, December 4, 1989
openalex: W245334874 mag: 245334874
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Adapting to drought: farmers, famines and desertification in West Africa (Choice Reviews Online, 1989)
openalex: W4301907214
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International African Institute Survey of Drought-Famine Activity in the African Sahel (ASA News, 1989)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
openalex: W4249114016
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International African Institute Survey of Drought-Famine Activity in the African Sahel (ASA News, 1989)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
openalex: W4243138855
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Pollution alert off South African coasts (Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1989)
openalex: W4245154910
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Oral health in children attending church-affilitated schools in northern Cameroon. Tooth development and dental caries. - Ac, Johannessen; Bjorvatn, Kjell; Myklebust, D (PubMed, 1989)
openalex: W135030904 mag: 135030904
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The reliability and validity of the WHO student drug-use questionnaire among Nigerian students - Adelekan, Moruf L.; Odejide, Olabisi A. (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1989)
The reliability and validity of the World Health Organization student drug-use survey model questionnaire was tested among 96 senior secondary school students in the Abeokuta Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The exercise was the major theme of a pilot study of a student drug-use survey carried out in this area. The test-retest interval was 4 weeks. The questionnaire was found to be reliable when group and individual (item by item) comparisons were made. The validity scores were also comparable to those of widely accepted previous studies. It was concluded that the questionnaire is reliable and valid enough for use in this environment to allow for comparisons. It can also yield better results if slightly modified and when respondents become more familiar with questionnaire surveys.
openalex: W2089569115 mag: 2089569115
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Use of Alcohol Among High School Students in Lesotho—a health promotion perspective - Amos, Amanda (British journal of addiction, 1989)
Summary A recently published article on alcohol use among young people in Lesotho highlighted an important public health issue—the changing pattern of alcohol consumption in many Third World countries. In this commentary I wish to consider some of the factors which might be contributing to this growing problem and some of the steps that need to be taken to address this issue. In particular I will focus on the role of the alcohol industry and the tactics used to create and develop new markets.
openalex: W2022665992 mag: 2022665992
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The influence of undergraduate clinical training on the attitude of medical students to rural medical practice in Nigeria. - Asuzu, MC (African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 1989)
A study of a cohort of Nigerian medical students before entry and at the completion of their clinical years of training, has shown that their overall attitude towards rural medical practice deteriorated slightly but not significantly in the process. The attitude had improved slightly in students who had grown up largely in rural areas and deteriorated in those brought up in the townships. Similarly, clinical training did not significantly affect their attitude towards the compulsory 1 year National Youth Service Corps which may involve their service in the rural areas after graduation. Factors which were important in the development of these attitudes, as volunteered by the students, included the area of upbringing (urban or rural), the individual's life plan, and professional exposure before and during training. The importance of the knowledge gained from this study in the educational and health service planning in Nigeria are discussed.
openalex: W2173571482 mag: 2173571482
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The influence of undergraduate clinical training on the attitude of medical students to rural medical practice in Nigeria. - Asuzu, MC (PubMed, 1989)
A study of a cohort of Nigerian medical students before entry and at the completion of their clinical years of training, has shown that their overall attitude towards rural medical practice deteriorated slightly but not significantly in the process. The attitude had improved slightly in students who had grown up largely in rural areas and deteriorated in those brought up in the townships. Similarly, clinical training did not significantly affect their attitude towards the compulsory 1 year National Youth Service Corps which may involve their service in the rural areas after graduation. Factors which were important in the development of these attitudes, as volunteered by the students, included the area of upbringing (urban or rural), the individual's life plan, and professional exposure before and during training. The importance of the knowledge gained from this study in the educational and health service planning in Nigeria are discussed.This study of a cohort of Nigerian medical students before entry and at the completion of their clinical years of training (1982-85), has shown that their overall attitude towards rural medical practice deteriorated slightly but not significantly in the process. The attitude had improved slightly in students who had grown up in rural areas and deteriorated in those brought up in townships. Similarly, clinical training did not significantly affect their attitude towards the compulsory 1 year National Youth Service Corps which may involve their service in the rural areas after graduation. Factors which were important in the development of these attitudes, as volunteered by the students, included the area of upbringing (urban or rural), the individual's life plan, and professional exposure before and during training. This study supports the suggestion of an alternative voluntary National Youth Services Corps program if the program is better organized. Postgraduate training in community medicine and general medical practice, improved in such a way as to make them more attractive, will most probably increase the number of Nigerian doctors who eventually practice in rural areas.
openalex: W4290360535
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Microphysical observations in winter storms over the Atlas mountains in Morocco - Baddour, Omar; Rasmussen, Roy (Atmospheric Research, 1989)
A case study is presented for a winter storm occurring on December 8 and 9 over Morocco in 1985. Using microphysical data collected by the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft, we show that two main precipitation mechanisms were dominant during this storm. The first was a seeder-feeder type mechanism in the stratiform regions of the cloud. The seed crystals were typically aggregates of dendrites and stellars of relatively low concentration. The liquid-water content in the lower cloud layers was relatively high (>0.2 g m−3) for over 10 min duration, suggesting that the seed crystals were relatively inefficient at depleting the available supercooled liquid water. In convective regions of these clouds, a coalescence process, followed by freezing and subsequent riming into graupel was observed. Model calculations verified this behavior, and showed that the observed moderate updrafts and high liquid-water contents were adequate to produce the observed particles sizes. On présente un cas d'étude d'un système nuageuz hivernal qui a intéressé le Maroc. En utilisant les données microphysiques collectées par l'avion Citation de l'université de North Dakota, on montre que deux mécanismes principaux de précipitation dominent durant le passage de ce système nuageux: le premier est le mécanisme “seeder-feeder” qui se produit dan la partie stratiforme du système nuageux. Des agrégats en faible concentration, formés typiquement soit par des cristaux en forme de branches (dendrites), soit par des cristaux en forme d'étoile, précipitent dans les couches inférieures du système nuageuz. Dans ces couches, on a enregistré un contenu en eau liquide relativement important (>0.2 g m−3) et d'une durée supérieure à 10 minutes. Ceci suggère que ces cristaux tombant des couches supérieures sont relativement inefficaces pour puiser l'eau liquide surfondue présente. Dans les régions convectives du système, on observe le processus de coalescence, suivi par la congélation et ensuite l'accrétion des gouttelettes d'eau surfondues, formant ainsi des particules de grésil. Les calculs du modèle ont vérifié ce portement et ont montré que les ascendances modérées les contenus élevés en eau liquide sont à l'origine des tailles des particules observées.
openalex: W1982902741 mag: 1982902741
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Congenital cleft deformities in Rivers state of Nigeria: is there any association with environmental pollution? - Dd, Datubo-Brown; Bm, Kejeh (PubMed, 1989)
Thirty-nine children with congenital cleft deformities seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital over a four-year period (1984-87) were studied. The majority (69%) of the children came from PHALGA, OTELGA and ALGA, the areas of the state with a high concentration of oil wells, gas flares and a petroleum refinery. There is yet no proof that there is a cause and effect relationship between the deformities and the industrial pollution but attention has been drawn to the association, which may be real or apparent. Further prospective studies are indicated. Apart from the possible role of environmental pollution, other epidemiological factors discussed include parental age, socioeconomic class of the families and the significance of the absence of positive family history of cleft deformities in all the cases studied.
openalex: W2411246379 mag: 2411246379
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Characterization of a weathering sequence of soils derived from volcanic ash in Cameroon. Taxonomic, mineralogical and agronomic implications - Delvaux, Bruno; Herbillon, A. J.; Vielvoye, L. (Geoderma, 1989)
The characteristics of eight pedons developed in Quaternary basaltic pyroclasts in Western Cameroon under humid tropical conditions are reported. The soil weathering sequence consists of an Andept-Tropept-Udalf-Udult association. Andic properties, physico-chemical characteristics and weathering stage clearly distinguish the taxonomic units. The total reserve in bases (TRB) and the clay content measured after adequate H2O dispersion with Na+-resins both appear to be suitable weathering indices. Clay mineralogy of non andic soils shows direct relationships between interstratified halloysite-smectite content, CEC of the clay fraction and weathering stage. The weathering stage of the investigated soils is reflected not only in their components and classification, but also in their nutrient status and banana crop performance.
openalex: W2063723675 mag: 2063723675
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The outcome of labor at the University Teaching Hospital (CHU), Yaounde, Cameroon - Doh, A. S.; Nasah, Boniface T.; Kamdom-Moyo, J (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1989)
Abstract The University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon became operational in 1982. This retrospective study analyses the performance of the maternity unit during the first 5 years. Data was obtained from casenotes, annual reports, delivery and operation registers. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is one of the lowest in Africa. The perinatal mortality is low but could be improved upon. The reasons for the low MMR is discussed. It is possible to reduce the appalling MMRs of developing countries without sophisticated technologies.
openalex: W1964406940 mag: 1964406940
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The dilemmas of teacher education reform in Zimbabwe - Dzvimbo, K. P. (Interchange, 1989)
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Informatics and Teacher Education: Some Views from Zimbabwe - Gumbo, S D (Higher Education Policy, 1989)
openalex: W1981564615 mag: 1981564615
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African-American Women in Higher Education - Howard-Vital, Michelle R. (Journal of Black Studies, 1989)
An examination of recent research on African-American women in higher education demonstrates that the literature holds a minority position not unlike that of African-American women in society. There is not a great deal of research on African-American women in higher education. Yet, the current and developing body of research on African-American women in higher education provides groundwork for realizing our history, dispelling myths, relating our experiences, formulating theoretical frameworks, and establishing our identity in higher education (and in the larger social structure). Why is there a lack of research about African-American women in higher education? In the introduction to their anthology of writings on AfricanAmerican women's studies, All the Women Are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us are Brave, Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith (1982) affirm that the intellectual void surrounding African-American women is totally related to the politics of a white male society. This society does not recognize, and denies, the importance of African-American women's lives and contributions through racial, sexual, and class oppression. Hull et al. call for an examination of the lives and experience of ordinary, as well as exceptional African-American women from a pro-
openalex: W2041079260 mag: 2041079260
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Overview of Water and Environmental Control Technology Education and Training at University and Tertiary Levels in Africa - Iwugo, KO (1989)
openalex: W1598702761 mag: 1598702761
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A review of neurological disorders seen at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu - Izuora, G I; Iloeje, S. O. (Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 1989)
SUMMARYA review of 965 children with neurological disorders, seen at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, over a 3-year period (1985–1987), revealed that epilepsy was the most common neurological problem affecting 60% of the children, followed by cerebral palsy (16%), speech disorders (8.3%), mental retardation (7.2%), behaviour disorders (2.2%), paralytic poliomyelitis (1.55%), premature craniosynostosis (1.0%), visual and auditory impairment (1.0%) and muscle disorders (0.72%). Perinatal problems such as birth asphyxia, severe neonatal jaundice and infections were the most common aetiological factors identified. Facilities for rehabilitation of the children were inadequate and this, together with the people's ignorance of the natural history of some of the neurological disorders, may account for the high rate of default from follow-up observed in this study. The need for improved maternal and perinatal health services and vigorous health education strategies is emphasized by this review. The positive effect of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) is reflected in the sharp decline in the proportion of children with neurological disorders owing to paralytic poliomyelitis, from 9.2% in the period 1978–1980, to 1.55% in the present study.
openalex: W2430170191 mag: 2430170191
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The Role of Higher Education in Africa: a Study of the Attitude of African Educators Toward the Tananarive Recommendations - Laryea, Evans A. (1989)
This study concerns the perceptions of African educators concerning the role of higher education in Africa. The study investigates African educators' awareness, understanding, opinions, and reactions to the role of higher education as defined by the Tananarive Conference on the development of higher education in Africa. The data were collected through personal interviews with 80 educators affiliated with the universities of the English—speaking countries in Middle Africa. The findings of the study reveal that (a) the Tananarive recommendations are still realistic and relevant to the African situation; (b) African educators agree that universities in Africa must contribute to the definition and development of African economic, social, and cultural goals; (c) African universities are judged mainly by how successfully their objectives and achievements improve society; (d) the critical problems confronting the African universities are finance, colonial origin, attachment to metropolitan models and standards, training of staff in overseas institutions, brain drain, and government interference; and (e) mutual trust and understanding of role-expectation between African governments and universities is required for universities to fulfill their developmental role in African societies.
openalex: W2564726904 mag: 2564726904
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Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines and Desertification in West Africa. - McNicoll, Geoffrey; Mortimore, Michael (Population and Development Review, 1989)
This book embodies the results of thirteen years of research in drought-prone rural areas in the semi-arid zone of northern Nigeria. It describes the patterns of adaptive behaviour observed among Hausa, Ful'be and Manga communities in response to recurrent drought in the 1970s and 1980s. The question of desertification is explored in an area where the visible evidence of moving sand dunes is dramatic blame are examined in relation to the field evidence. A critique is offered of deterministic theories and authoritarian solutions. Professor Mortimore demonstrates a parallel between the observable resilience of semi-arid ecosystems and the adaptive strategies of the human communities that inhabit them and suggests policy directions for strengthening that resilience.
openalex: W1971507390 mag: 1971507390
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The Kenyan Conundrum: A Regional Analysis of Population Growth and Primary Education in Kenya - Merryfield, Merry M.; Uitto, Juha I. (African Studies Review, 1989)
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Class, language, and education : class struggle and sociolinguistics in an African situation - Newsum, H. E. (1989)
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Inpatient adolescent psychiatry in a teaching hospital in Nigeria - Oyewumi, L. Kola (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1989)
ABSTRACT— The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 84 adolescents admitted to the psychiatric unit of a teaching hospital in Nigeria were studied. Their ages ranged from 12–20 years (mean 17). The pattern of psychiatric disorders in this population reflected the pattern in the adult population. Major psychoses comprising schizophrenia (44%), organic brain syndrome (23%), and affective disorders (16%) predominated. Infections and drug abuse are preventable causes of organic brain syndrome. Male adolescents were as likely to be hospitalized for a major psychiatric disorder as female adolescents. The peak period for psychopathology is late adolescence. The contributions of such factors as rural‐urban migration, birth order, family size, polygamy and genetics to the etiology of major mental disorders in this population require further investigations. Understanding the prevalence and pattern of presentation of mental disorders in all age groups is essential for effective mental health planning.
openalex: W2102809598 mag: 2102809598
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Reassessing strategies for financing education in South Africa - Pillay, Pundy (Social Dynamics, 1989)
The paper outlines some alternative education financing strategies for South Africa that need considering given the growth in enrolments at all educational levels, particularly in the face of the continued recession. It is argued that in the long term, while the eradication of apartheid and the creation of a single education ministry undoubtedly will generate resources that currently are being wasted on a multiplicity of education systems and a bloated bureaucracy, the magnitude of the task facing educationists in terms of student numbers suggests that initiatives other than public sector financing may well be required, A review of policy options being formulated for developing countries is provided. However, the development of such strategies for South Africa must involve a careful consideration of equity implications. One way of addressing the issue of educational inequality is to introduce a redistributive strategy, in which the costs of education are redirected toward the wealthier segments of society. In addition, policy options need to be explored concerning cost recovery, grants and loans and the establishment of an education bank for overall policy coordination.
openalex: W2066752646 mag: 2066752646
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The educational past and the preparation of South African teachers - Randall, P. J. (English Academy Review, 1989)
openalex: W2094039609 mag: 2094039609
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MANAGING URBAN GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA: LEARNING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE - Rogerson, Christian M. (South African Geographical Journal, 1989)
ABSTRACT The objective is to introduce a special collection of papers on Third World urbanization which aims to offer certain policy lessons for South African policy-makers concerning issues of managing urban growth. Two sections of material are presented. First, the basic challenge of urban management for South African policy-makers is set forth in respect of rectifying past policy omissions and of tackling future needs. In addition, signposts are provided to important sources of comparative material for the study of urban management in the developing world. Second, the paper surveys the broad contours and directions of the Urban Foundation's South African research project on comparative international urbanization and presents key themes in the collection of eight policy studies.
openalex: W1969882430 mag: 1969882430
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Cognitive Abilities of Kenyan Children in Relation to Nutrition, Family Characteristics, and Education - Sigman, Marian; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Jansen, Ake A. J.; Bwibo, Nimrod O. (Child Development, 1989)
openalex: W4256434342
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Cognitive Abilities of Kenyan Children in Relation to Nutrition, Family Characteristics, and Education - Sigman, Marian; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Jansen, Ake A. J.; Bwibo, Nimrod O. (Child Development, 1989)
The purpose of this study was to determine whether nutritional factors, family characteristics, and the duration of schooling were associated with cognitive and attentional capacities in children growing up in rural Kenya. Food intake was measured by direct observation and weighment twice monthly over the course of a year. Families were characterized in terms of socioeconomic status and the literacy of the parents. Children who were better nourished had higher composite scores on a test of verbal comprehension and the Raven's matrices. Better-nourished females were more attentive during classroom observations than malnourished female schoolchildren. Family characteristics and duration of school participation were associated with cognitive abilities for both boys and girls. For the children considered as a group, cognitive scores were best predicted by a combination of factors including duration of schooling, food intake, physical stature, and SES.
openalex: W2059138884 mag: 2059138884
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Manpower training, development and utilisation in primary oral health care. A suggested approach for Nigeria. - So, Jeboda (PubMed, 1989)
The author has looked at the importance of training development and utilization of front-line oral health workers of various types due to the role they play within the programme for the total health care of the nation. The author feels that primary oral health care should, therefore, be developed and made an integral part of primary health care, an approach from which most nations, especially developing ones, stand to gain.
openalex: W2412962778 mag: 2412962778
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Status of Primary Education in Nigeria Following the Initiation Period of Universal Primary Education - Sunal, Cynthia Szymanski; Osa, Osayimwense; Gaba, Barbara B.; Saleemi, Abdulhamid (Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 1989)
Abstract A study surveying 247 local education inspectors responsible for visiting and supervising 57,314 teachers is reported in order to build a portrait of conditions in Nigerian primary schools several years after the initiation of universal primary education. Inspectors described training and living conditions of their teachers and conditions of schools and supplies. The results suggest that many teachers are undertrained, additional classrooms are needed and basic teaching aids and textbooks are in short supply. The study concludes that quality education does occur in Nigerian primary schools; that a cadre of trained teachers is developing; and that the potential for high-quality mass primary education exists.
openalex: W1998569636 mag: 1998569636
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Perceptions of Water Pollution in South Africa: Case Studies from Two Water Bodies (Hartbeespoort Dam and Zandvlei) - Thornton, J. A.; McMillan, P.H.; Romanovsky, P. (South African Journal of Psychology, 1989)
A questionnaire survey of over 3 000 recreational users of inland waters in the greater Pretoria and Cape Town areas was conducted during 1987/8 for the purpose of quantifying, as far as possible, the perceptions of the public towards water quality and water pollution in South Africa. Respondents indicated that excessive aquatic plant growth and other visually aesthetic factors were the principal determinants of water quality, regardless of demographic background. These results are comparable to results obtained in similar studies in north America and appear to be indicative of a rising awareness of environmental issues in South Africa. There was a general willingness among respondents to meet the higher costs associated with the achievement of improved standards of water quality and the elimination of the perceived problems enumerated above.
openalex: W2331298653 mag: 2331298653
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South African Black Teachers and the Academic Paper Chase - Vries, Peter de (British Journal of Sociology of Education, 1989)
Abstract Teachers in South Africa are under great pressure from the state to improve their qualifications, one of the state's strategies for improving education standards. The pressure is felt more acutely by black teachers who were previously allowed to teach with lower qualifications than their white counterparts. In‐service teachers, irrespective of their age or length of experience, are required to obtain the school leavers’ certificate post hoc to earn a salary commensurate with their duties. Their duties are heavy: the pupil‐teacher ratio is about 45:1, and teachers teach between 42 and 50 periods a week, without many basic facilities. Consequently, many teachers are neglecting their pupils to concentrate on their studies. The call for qualifications can be viewed as a component of the South African state's reform initiative, and, as such, is yet another cosmetic amelioration of black people's status because it does not address their needs.
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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Labyrinthitis and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs - Woolf, Nigel K.; Koehrn, Fred J.; Harris, Jeffrey P.; Richman, Douglas D. (The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1989)
Journal Article Congenital Cytomegalovirus Labyrinthitis and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs Get access Nigel K. Woolf, Nigel K. Woolf Departments of Surgery (Division of Otolaryngology), Pathology, and Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, and the Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Nigel K. Woolf, V112C Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred J. Koehrn, Fred J. Koehrn Departments of Surgery (Division of Otolaryngology), Pathology, and Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, and the Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeffrey P. Harris, Jeffrey P. Harris Departments of Surgery (Division of Otolaryngology), Pathology, and Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, and the Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglas D. Richman Douglas D. Richman Departments of Surgery (Division of Otolaryngology), Pathology, and Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, and the Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 160, Issue 6, December 1989, Pages 929–937, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/160.6.929 Published: 01 December 1989 Article history Received: 19 January 1989 Accepted: 16 June 1989 Published: 01 December 1989
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Active tectonics of the Algerian Atlas Mountains-evidence from aftershocks of the 1980 El Asnam earthquake - Yielding, Graham; Ouyed, Merzouk; King, Geoffrey; Hatzfeld, Denis (Geophysical Journal International, 1989)
The El Asnam (Algeria) earthquake of 1980 October is the largest earthquake to have occurred in North Africa since instrumental records began (Ms = 7.3). It was caused by movement on a segmented reverse fault which is part of the fault zone that separates the Chelif alluvial plains from the coastal range of the Atlas Mountains. The coastal range is the actively deforming plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. In this paper, the results of an aftershock study carried out using a 28-station portable network in the epicentral area in the 5 weeks after the main shock are presented. A total of 4517 aftershocks have been located, using both P- and S-phases. Of these 4517 events, 1279 pass a set of quality criteria, and are used to discuss the detailed tectonics of the aftershock zone. The southwestern half of the aftershock zone has a relatively restricted band of seismicity running parallel to the main fault. In cross-section, this seismicity is observed to lie almost exclusively in the footwall of the main fault, and indicates both antithetic reverse faulting and extension parallel to the fault zone. The only exception to this pattern occurs at a junction of the main fault segments, where a distinct cluster of events with very variable focal mechanisms is located in the hangingwall. This cluster may be equated with a barrier that impeded the rupture of the main shock. Beyond the southwest end of the main fault, a mixture of strike-slip and reverse faulting occurred, and suggests a mechanism whereby this end of the fault can act as an asperity for earthquake generation. Aftershocks in the northeastern half of the study area indicate movement on a stack of listric reverse faults. The focal mechanisms of these events show that the N-dipping nodal planes (assumed to be the fault planes) flatten with depth. We suggest that the faults sole into a low-angle (20°) decollement at about 8–10 km depth, at the base of the aftershock zone. We argue that the northeastern part of the 1980 aftershock zone is typical of the actively deforming coastal belt of northwest Algeria. Subduction of the western Mediterranean basin beneath the north African margin does not seem to occur. Instead, the margin is absorbing the motion, with old normal faults being reactivated as thrusts.
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Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa - Ebinger, C. J.; Deino, Alan L.; Drake, Robert E.; Tesha, Aloyce L. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 1989)
Continental rifts are segmented along their lengths into 50 to 100 km‐long extensional basins, suggesting a genetic relationship with regularly segmented oceanic rifts. To investigate the spatial and temporal development of along‐axis segmentation in youthful continental rifts, field, remote sensing, and K‐Ar geochronology studies were conducted in four Western rift (East Africa) basins. Volcanism within the Rungwe region began in late Miocene time prior to or concurrent with the development of high‐angle border faults bounding the then isolated Karonga and Rukwa basins. The Usangu and Songwe border fault segments located between the Rukwa and Karonga basins developed in mid‐Pliocene and Pleistocene time, respectively. Within the northern Karonga basin, approximately 2–4 km of WSW‐ENE directed “thick‐skinned” extension is estimated both from extrapolation of late Pleistocene slip rates to 5 Ma and from surface fault geometries. Differential strains between these extensional basins of different ages are transmitted to adjoining segments by NW and ENE striking oblique‐slip transfer faults within comparatively high‐strain accommodation zones. Throws along transfer faults also accommodate 2 km (minimum) variations in depth to basement beneath adjacent basins, whereas monoclines and ramps accommodate differential uplift along the flanks of basins. The observed geometry of en echelon border fault segments linked by shorter oblique‐slip transfer faults is similar to patterns predicted in numerical models of en echelon normal fault interactions [e.g., Aydin and Pollard , 1982]. Eruptive centers for alkali olivine basalt and phonolite flows within the Rungwe region coincide with the tips of en echelon border fault segments and with high‐angle transfer faults linking discrete border fault segments. The locations of eruptive centers appear to be controlled by faults, and these centers generally have propagated northward along transfer faults during Plio‐Pleistocene time. Historic eruptions near late Miocene centers located at the southern end of the transfer fault system, however, argue against a northward migration of the magma source. Thus, an along‐axis propagation of “thick‐skinned” lithospheric extension links once isolated basins and produces an along‐axis segmentation of this youthful rift. Propagation of magmatism along transfer faults linking en echelon border faults locally contributes to the regular segmentation.
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Oral rehydration therapy in a rehydration centre at a teaching hospital in southern Africa. - Rosen, Eric; Patidar, Jayesh; Shaik, Rafi (PubMed, 1989)
A study was carried out to delineate the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for gastro-enteritis in a unit that had previously used intravenous therapy (IVT) almost exclusively. Most children with dehydrating gastro-enteritis who were 5% or less dehydrated received ORT initially, while those who were more severely affected were given IVT. The success rate using ORT alone was 73%, which was much lower than that achieved in other studies. Possible factors associated with this poor outcome are discussed. It was concluded that with the exceptions of lactose intolerance and coexisting infection, lack of commitment to ORT and the easy access to IVT must have contributed significantly to the suboptimal outcome.
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Issues in the Integration of Traditional African Healing and Western Counselling in School Psychological Practice - Donald, David; Hlongwane, Mandla (School Psychology International, 1989)
The relevance of integrating traditional African healing and Western counselling in psychological practice in South Africa is debated from both functional and sociopolitical perspectives. Within a description of traditional beliefs, customs and healing practices, conflicts experienced by people in a state of cultural transition are outlined. Three school psychology case studies are presented as illustrative of such conflicts and of the relative efficacy of integrated intervention in the resolution of these sorts of problem.
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Foundations of Imperial Hegemony: Western Education, Public Health and Police in India and Africa, 1859 to Independence. Conference held by the German Historical Institute, London, at the Villa Borsig, Berlin, 1st-3rd June 1989 - Engels, Dagmar (South Asia Research, 1989)
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Views from the Highveld - Facing the Storm: Portraits of Black Lives in Rural South Africa. By Tim Keegan. London: Zed Press; Athens: Ohio University Press; Cape Town: David Philip, 1988. Pp. vi + 170. £22.95 (paperback £6.95) (R14.85). - Harries, Patrick (Journal of African history (Print), 1989)
Views from the Highveld - Facing the Storm: Portraits of Black Lives in Rural South Africa. By Tim Keegan. London: Zed Press; Athens: Ohio University Press; Cape Town: David Philip, 1988. Pp. vi + 170. £22.95 (paperback £6.95) (R14.85). - Volume 30 Issue 3
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Assessment Of Teacher Needs For Implementation Of Zimbabwe New ‘O’ Level Syllabus - Hodzi, Richard A. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1989)
The ability and needs of teachers for the implementation of the Zimbabwe Science Syllabus 5006/7 was investigated. The major findings are: i. A majority of teachers have difficulties in teaching the following topics: beams, materials, trussed beams, bridges, radio, animal management and animal health - hygiene, natural ecosystem, animal breeding artificial ecosystem, margarine and glycerol, secondary cells, photovoltaic cells, recycling sewage, machines and camera. ii. Teachers indicated that they need industrial resources for teaching industrial processes such as ethanol production, the contact process and nitric acid production. Teachers also indicated that they need supplementary readers and modules on nutrition, biological convectors, micro-organisms, and family health. in. All teachers who participated in this study indicated that they need teaching materials in the form of text books, monographs, modules, charts and supplementary readers
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[Attitude of South African dentists and final year dental students to advertising]. - Ic, du Preez; Ca, van der Merwe; Hugo, Lucille (PubMed, 1989)
Advertising or promotion comprises two aspects: the advertising message and the advertising medium. Since both aspects are viewed differently by various professions, including the dental profession, the current investigation was carried out to ascertain the attitude of South African dental practitioners. Although it was found that the majority of dentists were against the advertising of new practices and re-advertising of existing practices, the majority of the final year dental students of 1986 were in favour. Both groups, however, were against unlimited advertising and also preferred professional cards to press, radio and television as the medium of communication.
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A response to “innovation in South African science education (part I): Science teaching observed” - Maarschalk, Jan (Science Education, 1989)
Science EducationVolume 73, Issue 6 p. 647-648 Comments and Criticisms A response to “innovation in South African science education (part I): Science teaching observed” Jan Maarschalk, Jan Maarschalk Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author Jan Maarschalk, Jan Maarschalk Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricaSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730730603Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume73, Issue6November 1989Pages 647-648 RelatedInformation
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The first year medical class of 1917 of the South African School of Mines and Technology. - Mb, Lucas (PubMed, 1989)
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Use of Alcohol among High School Students in Lesotho - Meursing, Karla; Morojele, Neo K. (British journal of addiction, 1989)
Summary Data on alcohol consumption, attitudes to and knowledge of alcohol were collected by means of questionnaires from 1133 high school students aged 11–22 years in Lesotho. Additional data were obtained by means of classroom discussion and 13 in‐depth interviews. About half of the students (54% of the boys and 42% of the girls) had drunk alcohol at some point in their lives. Drinking was found to be related to age, sex, drinking of friends, family income, and drinking in the family. No indication of widespread alcohol abuse was found, but about half of the students (drinkers and non‐drinkers) believed that moderate drinking is impossible and that the fun of drinking is to get drunk, indicating the possibility of alcohol abuse in the future. The results have implications for future research and for preventive work among youth and adults in Lesotho.
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Of Ditties, Needs and Amnesia–Music and Primary Education in Anambra State, Nigeria - Okafor, Richard C. (British Journal of Music Education, 1989)
This paper is an attempt to see whether lofty ideals of sound education are being achieved in primary education since music is a sine qua non. It defines primary school in Nigeria and the general objectives of primary education. It reflects on the type of education the Nigerian child received both in the traditional society and in the colonial era, and the methods used. What role did music play? Furthermore, it looks at the state of music now, and how things went wrong in the middle. It underscores the importance of music in the primary school curriculum and makes recommendations on improvement.
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Popular Music Education in Nigeria - Okafor, Richard C. (International Journal of Music Education, 1989)
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Education policies and economic development in Zimbabwe - Pakkiri, Logan (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1989)
Since Independence in 1980 there has been a massive expansion at all levels of the education system in Zimbabwe; the objective of universal primary education has already been achieved but critics have questioned the efficiency of the system. Although Zimbabwe has an outstanding record of cost-sharing sin Education, the State’s recurrent expenditure for the sector has been increasing. Since 1982 the slowdown in economic growth in Zimbabwe, the burden of foreign debt servicing, and an escalating budget deficit have overshadowed the exceptional industrial structure of the country. This paper attempts to trace the relation between the rapid expansion of the education system and economic development in Zimbabwe. We find that the Zimbabwean context warns against the danger of World Bank generalizations. It also cautions against the complacency that arises from the favorable comparison of Zimbabwe’s management of the education sector with that of other African countries.
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The School Head as an Instructional Leader in Zimbabwe Secondary Schools - Reece, John; Nyagura, Levi (1989)
This paper presents evidence obtained from a survey of secondary school heads in government schools, church schools, and rural day schools about functions performed by those heads, characteristics of secondary school heads and problems constraining heads from discharging their duties effectively and efficiently. The evidence shows that: 1. The majority of rural secondary schools are administered by inexperienced and lowly qualified and untrained heads who also' have heavy teaching loads. 2. The majority of school heads possess minimal or no knowledge in technical subjects, a situation which appears not supportive of the implementation of the policy of vocationalization of secondary school education. 3. While the thrust in secondary school education is on technical education, school heads do not consider the training of students in technical fields as a top priority for secondary schools. To the contrary, heads consider character building and preparation for post-secondary programmes as top priorities for secondary schools. 4. Secondary school heads devote most of their time on administrative duties thereby neglecting the critical activities in the curriculum and instructional domains.
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Functional Literacy in Moroccan School Children. Draft. - Spratt, Jennifer E. (1989)
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Facing the storm: portraits of black lives in rural South Africa (Choice Reviews Online, 1989)
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Preparing Secondary School Teachers of Social Studies in Nigeria - Adeyemi, Michael Bamidele (The Social Studies, 1989)
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Health Education for African Americans: A Neglected Task - Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. (Health education, 1989)
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Coda Q estimates in the Mount Cameroon volcanic region, West Africa - Ambeh, W. B.; Fairhead, J. D. (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1989)
Abstract Coda Q , Qc , has been determined in the Mount Cameroon volcanic region, West Africa, from the decay of the amplitudes of coda waves on narrow band-pass-filtered seismograms of local microearthquakes in the frequency range 1.5 to 24 Hz. Qc averages about 121 and 1745 at 1.5 Hz and 24 Hz, respectively, and has a frequency dependence of the form Qc = 65f. For each frequency band, the coda Q values, averaged over all the earthquakes, show an insensitivity to the compoment of the ground motion. Considering a model incorporating both scattering and intrinsic attenuation, and assuming that the attenuation is entirely due to the scattering loss, a frequency-independent minimum mean free path of about 38 km was found.
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Assessment of the Vulnerability of Agricultural and Ecological Systems to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa - Bezuneh, Taye; Harwell, Mark A. (1989)
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Desegregating Schools in South Africa: The Case of The Catholic “Open” Schools - Christie, Pam (Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 1989)
(1989). Desegregating Schools in South Africa: The Case of The Catholic “Open” Schools. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 87-101.
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DESEGREGATING SCHOOLS IN SOUTH AFRICA: The Case of the Catholic "Open" Schools - Christie, Pam (Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 1989)
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Evolution of an alkali basalt—trachyte suite from Jebel Marra volcano, Sudan, through assimilation and fractional crystallization - Davidson, Jon P.; Wilson, Ian (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1989)
The suite of alkalic basalts and differentiates (hawaiites, mugearites and trachytes) erupted at Jebel Marra volcano, Sudan, provides an excellent opportunity to examine the differentiation history of mantle-derived magmas. Crystal fractionation exerts a control on major element compositions although variations in incompatible element and isotopic ratios among the more evolved volcanic rocks require open system behavior. The basement at Jebel Marra is compositionally unlike the basalts, with much higher 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O and Rb/Nb, together with highly variable Pb isotopic compositions and low 143Nd/144Nd. The strong compositional contrast between crust and magma alllows the influence of crustal interaction on magma compositions to be assessed. Simple two-component bulk mixing trends are not observed, but models of simultaneous assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) reproduce many of the data trends. It is suggested that contamination takes place at more than one stage, with a change in the composition of the assimilant at different levels, coupled with a change in the rate ratio of assimilation to crystal fractionation.
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The training and visit agricultural extension in rainfed agriculture: Lessons from Ethiopia - Dejene, Alemneh (World Development, 1989)
This study provides an analytical framework for the monitoring and evaluation of extension projects through an examination of the applicability of the training and visit (T&V) extension in Ethiopia. The field evaluation reveals the T&V system's effectiveness in disseminating innovations and increasing yields among contact farmers, upgrading extension agents' skills, and imparting valuable lessons for other extension systems in Ethiopia. At same time, the system's reliance on small groups of contact farmers for rapid diffusion of innovations to the masses restrains its effectiveness, suggesting the need for a correction in its application. Efforts should be made to bring women into all levels of the T&V structure. Women are noticeably absent at present. The findings from this study support the continuation of the T&V system in the relatively fertile regions of Ethiopia. But they also highlight its limited applicability in resource-poor and drought-prone regions of the country.
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The epidemiology of Ascaris lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminths in primary school children from Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Holland, Celia V.; Asaolu, S. O.; Crompton, D. W. T.; Stoddart, R. C.; MacDonald, Ronald; Torimiro, S. E. A. (Parasitology, 1989)
An epidemiological survey of intestinal helminthiases was conducted on 766 primary school children aged 5-16 years from Ile-Ife, Nigeria. On the basis of stool examinations, the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis was 88.5, 84.5, 33.1 and 3% respectively. Intensity of infection was measured indirectly by egg counts for each species of helminth and also by counting worms passed after chemotherapy in the case of A. lumbricoides. The influence of host age and sex on infection levels was assessed. Relationships between the intensities of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm in individual children were identified. After anthelmintic treatment with levamisole, the frequency distribution of A. lumbricoides per host and the relationship between parasite fecundity and worm burden were investigated. Reinfection patterns of A. lumbricoides were assessed at two 6-monthly intervals and even within the narrow age range described, differences were found. In addition, evidence was obtained for predisposition of individuals to heavy or light infection with A. lumbricoides.
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A 10-YEAR REVIEW OF THE TEACHING HOSPITAL-BASED NATIONAL DRUG AND TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION SERVICE IN ZIMBABWE - Kasilo, O. J.; Froese, E. H. (Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 1989)
The drug and toxicology information service (DaTIS), at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, was set up in 1979. The service is mainly delivered to health professionals and to a lesser extent to the community. The DaTIS is designed to help solve complex clinical questions. Most of the requests are made by telephone. Urgent questions may be initially answered by telephone, or a phone call can be returned after in-depth documentation. A complete answer with references may be written and sent to the enquirer. Written non-urgent questions may be sent a few days to a few weeks later. This report is based on a systematic review of records compiled over the period between January 1983 and July 1988. Of the 1,000 requests received and recorded during the period under consideration, approximately 750 (75%) were on drug information and 250 (25%) were on poisoning or toxicological information. The most common causes of poisonings were due to organophosphate pesticides and fertilizers, Elephant's Ear, Amanita Phalloides mushroom, medicines affecting the central nervous system, e.g. tranquilizers, psychotropics, and chemicals, especially those used for hair relaxing. Only the first three causes of poisoning are discussed in detail. Most of the queries relating to poisoning, especially those received during the night, were not recorded. These results confirm the need for an adequate number of qualified and committed manpower to share the work-load in DaTIS as well as in teaching, research and in the continuous health education of the community. The results obtained by DaTIS and a recent survey (14) indicate that Zimbabwe has a big poisoning problem, especially with regard to pesticides and treatments recommended by the traditional healer. Education and information dissemination to health professionals, workers and the general public on the toxic agents concerned are vital and, although steps have been taken in this direction, much still remains to be done. Moreover, the report confirms the importance of the service to health professionals and the community in the country and the SADCC (Southern African Development Conference Committee) region as a whole.
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Family Effects on Students' Achievement in Thailand and Malawi - Lockheed, Marlaine E.; Fuller, Bruce; Nyirongo, Ronald (Sociology of Education, 1989)
This article analyzes the effects offamily background on students' achievement in Third World countries and uses measures of social class that are both broader than previous work and more valid for developing countries. Study 1 examined panel data on the backgrounds and mathematics achievement of approximately 4,000 Grade 8 studentsfrom 99 schools in Thailand. Itfound thatfamily background and prior achievement affected students' educational expectations, perceptions of ability, and effort, which, in turn, influenced subsequent achievement. Study 2 examined cross-sectional data on 103 students from 21 schools in Malawi. It employed country-specific measures of family background and assessed their effects on the language and mathematics performance offourthand seventh-grade students. Family background accounted for achievement in both studies. The article suggests that prior work may have underestimated the influences offamily background on achievement in developing countries.
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Geochemistry of mafic volcanic rocks from the Lake Kivu (Zaire and Rwanda) section of the western branch of the African Rift - Marcelot, G.; Dupuy, C.; Dostál, J.; Rançon, Jean-Philippe; Pouclet, André (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 1989)
The volcanic rocks from the Lake Kivu volcanic province (southeastern Zaire and Rwanda) are part of the western branch of the east African Rift system and were emplaced from early Miocene to sub-Recent times. The lavas are mainly of basaltic composition and range from quartz-normative tholeiites through alkali basalts and basanites to melilite nephelinites. They were derived from a heterogeneous upper mantle source by variable degrees of melting. The inferred source compositions are highly variable in K, Rb, Ti, V, P, Th and Hf but relatively uniform in light REE, Sr and Zr. Compared with primordial mantle, the source beneath the western branch of the East African Rift is strongly enriched in highly incompatible elements. The enrichment and heterogeneity probably were caused by interaction of the mantle with a kimberlite melt.
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Meeting the training needs of teachers of the visually handicapped from developing countries in Africa - McCall, Steve; Stone, Juliet (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 1989)
For over thirty years Birmingham University has offered training courses for teachers wishing to specialise in the education of the visually handicapped. In addition to a large national intake it has consistently attracted students from all parts of the world, with African countries very well represented. In the last three years for example, teachers from Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria and Tanzania have attended the one-year full time course. In 1986 a tutor was appointed with special responsibility for overseas students taking this training, which leads to a qualification at Diploma or BPhil level. This article, based on interviews with past and present students, seeks to examine the background to, and the recent development of, education for visually handicapped children and young people in parts of Africa and to identify the factors which lead to successful and relevant training in courses of this nature.
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Development of water pollution control in South Africa - Merwe, D.C. Van der; Grobler, Wynand C.J. (Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese, 1989)
Prior to 1956 As has happened throughout the world, environmental and pollution problems related to developing towns and industries and the associated accumulation of waste in built-up areas were the main factors that contributed to sanitary awareness in this country. Initially the control of water pollution in South Africa was closely associated with the development of sewage disposal methods and practice. In a development similar to that in many other countries, bucket sanitation systems and septic tanks were the first steps on the path of proper sewage disposal. Septic tanks were installed by the British military authorities at various military camps in South Africa. The first municipal scheme to be put into operation was in Bloemfontein. The system consisted of septic tanks and primary and secondary filters, followed by irrigation of 100 ha of cultivated land. Sewage arrived at the works in November 1904, some two months ahead of fairly similar works in Wynberg in the Cape.
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Political Influences on Management Training in Africa - Reilly, Wyn (Management Education and Development, 1989)
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Political Influences on Management Training in Africa - Reilly, Wyn (Management Education and Development, 1989)
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Pharmacy and medicine education in ancient Egypt. - Sy, El-Gammal (PubMed, 1989)
The ancient Egyptians knew many of the therapeutical effects of the medicinal plants. This knowledge was taught at home from father to son. So, these houses formed the first primitive pharmacy and medicine schools. Century after century, the ancient Egyptians became more and more interested in medical sciences. Temples began to establish medical and pharmaceutical schools. Priests of good and honest character with scientific background were chosen to become teachers and professors in these schools. Another medical and pharmaceutical schools teaching all the scientific courses were the Per Ankh or Houses of Life. Special schools were erected inside the Royal palaces for the education of the Royal family children, the nobles and the court officials comprising all sorts of sciences and arts, specially taught in its own Per Ankh, as in Heliopolis and Memphis palaces.
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Prevalence of body lice in elementary school students in three Ethiopian towns at different altitudes. - Tesfayohannes, T (PubMed, 1989)
A survey of body lice in three different altitudinal zones of Ethiopia was conducted. The survey population consisted of primary school children of both sexes ranging in age from 6-25 years. The areas of study were Gambela, Kemise and Debre-Berhan. Only 33.2% of the school children were found to be free from infestation and the rest, 66.8%, harboured body lice ranging in number of 1 to 598. The prevalence in Debre-Berhan (76.2%) was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in Gambela (61.4%) and Kemise (62.6%). Similarly the density of lice was higher (P less than 0.001) among Debre-Berhan than among Gambela or Kemise school children. Infestation was commoner among the 11-15 and 16-20 year than the 6-10 and 21-25 year ago groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of lice between the sexes but a higher density was observed among males. The importance of having prior knowledge of the prevalence and abundance of body lice in different areas has been discussed in relation to possible outbreaks of louse-borne diseases.
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Erotophobia and Contraception Among Zimbabwean Students - Wilson, David J.; Marindo, Ravai (The Journal of social psychology, 1989)
Unplanned pregnancies are of great concern to the government of Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe, at least 1/3rd of the women (15-19 years) had been pregnant at least once; and only 27% of married Zimbabwe women use some form of contraception. Various North American researchers believe that erotophobia (negative feelings about sex) is in some way responsible for increase sexual relations and lack of concern over contraception. A study was conducted on 178 Zimbabwean students (104 males, 74 females), with a mean age of 22.03 to discover attitudes about sex. The alpha coefficient reliability of the Sexual Opinion Survey was .40. The results of the findings are as follows: extremely religious (r = .18, p .05); frequency of reading erotica; (r = .41, p .01); occurrence of sexual dreams (r = .39, p .01); and disapproval of premarital sex (r = .38, p .02). Signs of erotophobia could also be found in reporting the chance of sex in the future (r = -.41, p .01); the belief that contraception leads to sexual promiscuity (r = -.17, p .05); the belief that the use of contraception leads to feelings of guilt (r = -13, p .05); reported likelihood of engaging in public actions to obtain contraceptives (r = .29, p .01); and the reported continued use of contraception (r = .14, p .05). The reliability of the Sexual Opinion Survey was moderate; however, it would be best if a survey, taking into account the Zimbabwean culture and attitudes towards sex, is developed.
openalex: W2026101865 mag: 2026101865
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Changing responses to drought among the Wodaabe of Niger - Legge, Karen (1989)
The Wodaabe of Niger are pastoral ‘nomads’ inhabiting the West African Sahel, a region characterised by low and uncertain rainfall. Drought poses a recurrent threat to the well-being of livestock and adaptations to seasonal, year-to-year and long-term cycles of drought permeate Wodaabe economics and social organisation. The first part of this chapter explores traditional Wodaabe mechanisms for coping with drought. Responses to individual years of low rainfall are often an extension of responses to the more predictable seasonal cycle of aridity but, in the long term, more severe cycles of drought are encountered which necessitate radical disruption of Wodaabe behaviour. The second part of the chapter explores further sources of long-term disruption–the fundamental economic changes which have taken place since colonisation of Niger by the French. The impact of these changes has widely undermined traditional mechanisms for coping with drought.
openalex: W55308044 mag: 55308044
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The clam bivalve,Mytilus sp., as an indicator of coliform pollution in some western beaches of Algeria - Ayat, Mohammed; El-Mellah, Mohammed; Mishricky, Armia Gindi (MIRCEN journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology, 1989)
openalex: W2317377290 mag: 2317377290
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A comparative analysis of noss profiles on nigerian and American preservice, secondary science teachers - Cobern, William W. (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1989)
Abstract In this study American preservice science TEACHERS' responses on Kimball's Nature of Science Survey (NOSS) were used as a basis for analyzing the sense of the nature of science held by a group of Nigerian preservice science teachers. From an item‐by‐item comparison two salient differences were noted. These differences are quite interesting and important, and one would expect to see replication attempts in the near future. The primary difference was that the Nigerian students were much more inclined to see science as a way of producing useful technology. Given the national interests of a developing nation this is an understandable perception and one common among government policy makers. Nevertheless, it is a view with potential long‐range dangers if this view of science is effectively transferred from teacher to student. For example, such a view is likely to raise false expectations in the general population, which when not achieved could result in widespread rejection of science. The second distinctive of the Nigerian students' sense of the nature of science had to do with the openness of science. These students perceived scientists as nationalistic and secretive about their work. This finding is troubling and indicates an important line of investigation: What image of science, especially Western science, is carried in the international media? How is that image understood in non‐Western nations? What are the implications for international scientific cooperation?
openalex: W2162096562 mag: 2162096562
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Fertility and fetal salvage among women with uterine leiomyomas in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. - Egwuatu, V.E. (PubMed, 1989)
Fertility and pregnancy outcome among 141 Nigerian women with uterine leiomyomas and 270 married gynaecological subjects matched for age and parity were studied. The preoperative spontaneous abortion incidence and fetal salvage among the 68 women in the study group who had previously been pregnant were 61.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Corresponding figures among women in the comparison group were 5.3% and 95.6%. Macroscopic evidence of pelvic sepsis was found at operation in 36.2% of all the women in the study group, and in 57.7% of those who complained additionally of infertility. The overall pregnancy rate following myomectomy was 37.9%, and 9.6% in those women whose presenting complaints included infertility. The mean operation-to-conception interval in the study group was 15.7 months. The fetal salvage increased to 93.5% in the women who conceived after myomectomy, and their incidence of abortion fell markedly, to 11%. Most of the deliveries (79%) in the women after myomectomy were by cesarean section. A reappearance of uterine leiomyomas occurred in 13.7% of the women. The relatively low incidence of pelvic sepsis in this series may partly be responsible for the finding of menorrhagia, rather than abdominal pain, as the commonest complaint of the women with leiomyoma.
openalex: W4290352421
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A note on recent developments in Sierra Leone information technology training - Fletcher, Devin (Information Technology for Development, 1989)
Abstract This note updates an article which appeared in an earlier issue of this Journal1. It explains the programme implemented by the Institute of Public Administration and Managment (IPAM) to meet the national training needs, of Sierra Leone, for a technician level cadre of computer personnel.
openalex: W2086836065 mag: 2086836065
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Cultural Resources Investigations of the West Bank Hurricane Protection Project, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana - Goodwin, R. Christopher; Hinks, Stephen; Athens, William P.; Armstrong, Paul C; Favret, Sylvia I.; Cohen, Jennifer A.; Wojtala, James M (1989)
Abstract : During February and March, 1989, a cultural resources survey of the V-levee segment of the West Bank-Hurricane Protection Project, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana was conducted. An Intensive pedestrian survey and shovel testing regime was done within the project corridor, an area of 345 acres. Two archeological sites, two landscape features, and three modern refuse loci are located within the the surveyed area. Brown's Sawmill (16JE217) is the remains of a mid-twentieth century sawmill. It is less than 50 years old, and it is not eligible for inclusion in the National Register; no further testing is recommended. Site 16JE218 consists of an intact shell midden adjacent to Bayou des Familles. Site 16JE218 is a significant site. The first landscape feature is a series of ten agricultural drainage ditches, and a small protection levee, associated with the 1867 - 1875 cultivation of sugarcane within Carter Plantation. The other is a segment of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century Barataria Road. Finally, three loci of modern refuse were identified. Neither the landscape features nor the modern refuse loci are significant cultural resources; no further work is recommended at them. Keywords: Archeology; Barataria basin, Baytown plain, Canary Islands, Coles Creek, Gulf of Mexico, History, Isleno, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, Mississippian, Prehistory, Sawmill, Shell midden.
openalex: W43427917 mag: 43427917
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The Gifted Child in the Nigerian 6-3-3-4 System of Education - Gwany, D. M. (Gifted education international, 1989)
This paper looks at the significance of education for the gifted as a vital primary step towards economic and political development. The paper focuses on how the gifted child fits into 6-3-3-4 system of Nigerian education and the possibilities of adapting the system to synchronize with the needs and peculiarities of the gifted child. The paper also explores areas of congruence and speculates over possible remedies for areas of incongruence. Specifically the paper analyzes the main characteristics of giftedness as a concept and provides a synthesis on correlates of gifted education in the 6-3-3-4 system.
openalex: W2026216633 mag: 2026216633
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Hypocalcification and Hypoplasia in Primary Teeth of Pre-School Children from Different Ethnic Groups in South Africa - Ja, Hargreaves; Cleaton‐Jones, Peter; Roberts, Graham; Williams, S (Advances in Dental Research, 1989)
A study was completed in 1985/86 which examined the dental health of pre-school children from different ethnic groups and communities in South Africa: rural black, urban black, urban colored, urban Indian, and urban white. Enamel defects were recorded in primary teeth by use of the HHI, an index developed to measure hypocalcification and hypoplasia of enamel. The findings showed that colored children had the greatest number of enamel defects. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular molar teeth. It is suggested that further epidemiological studies utilizing the HHI should be undertaken in pre-school children, especially from developing countries, to gain more information on the causes of enamel defects in the primary dentition and the possible use of such findings to predict nutritional health of individuals.
openalex: W1834313018 mag: 1834313018
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Women's Status, Education and Family Formation In Sub-Saharan Africa - Kritz, Mary M.; Gurak, Douglas T. (International family planning perspectives, 1989)
Traditional cultural beliefs and social structures remain strong throughout Sub-Saharan Africa but the influence of modernization is leading to rapid social change. Mass education is well established in the region and in Eastern and Southern Africa girls have achieved or are close to parity with boys in access to primary schooling. This article examines 3 factors: 1) within-country cohort differentials in family formation; 2) between-country differentials in educational equality and family formation; and 3) expansion of educational opportunity and contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR). All suggest optimism regarding demographic changes in the region. CPR is changing in those countries where there are greater levels of gender equality such as in Eastern and Southern Africa. Examples of CPRs include 40% in Zimbabwe; 29% in Botswana; 17% in Kenya; and 6% in Lesotho. However preliminary findings from Demographic and Health Surveys show that prevalence rates are rising in most urban areas of Africa especially among women with primary or higher levels of education. Those countries more advanced in gender equality in the 1960s experienced greater declines in fertility in the 1980s. Better data are needed to understand the implications of social changes in the region and its impact on fertility. Preliminary findings indicate the need to understand how female access to education in Africa influences family formation and fertility. Recommendations are made to policy-makers to continue striving towards achievement of universal mass education because the association between the education of girls improved health and social well-being including lower fertility is strong enough to warrant sustained government investments.
openalex: W1995750785 mag: 1995750785
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Technical secondary students in Kenya: Origins, achievement and destinations - Lauglo, Jon (Prospects (Paris), 1989)
openalex: W2075038633 mag: 2075038633
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A Study of Childhood Sexual Abuse among South African University Women Students - Levett, Ann (South African Journal of Psychology, 1989)
There are no prevalence figures for childhood sexual abuse among South African women university students. This study addressed this gap, providing figures for an unselected, non-clinical group of 94 women students who constituted the sample at the University of Cape Town. A review of the methodological problems in this kind of research suggests that one of these concerns the stigma associated with sexual abuse. A novel approach which combines a search for prevalence information as well as providing participants with a potentially therapeutic experience is described. The intervention took the form of structured educational input concerning the relationship between gender socialization and sexual abuse, and stereotypes about sexual assault and abuse. Unpressured discussion of personal experience was facilitated in a supportive context of peer groups, organized around non-threatening tasks, to enable breaking of the silence which so often follows sexual abuse. Written discussions of childhood sexual abuse were obtained later and, although such information was not solicited, students voluntarily disclosed their own experience. This revealed 43,6% of the group (41 women) had experienced 61 instances of sexual abuse under age 18 years. Attempted rape or rape had occurred in 17% of the self-identified sexually abused women, and 47,5% of the 61 instances of sexual abuse had involved intrusive physical contact. There had been no previous disclosure in 34,4% of cases. On follow-up, two-thirds of the women expressed reservations about voluntary open discussion of sexual abuse within the peer groups, clearly implicating expectations of stigmatic effects following disclosure.
openalex: W2008730489 mag: 2008730489
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Predicting nitrate pollution of Mitidja plain groundwater (Northern Algiers - Algeria) - Mimouni, Omar; Chibane, Brahim (Environmental Software, 1989)
The Mitidja aquifer, a 1300 Km2 plain oriented east west, north of Algeria, is very important in size and role. It is infortunately very sensitive to pollution. Sources of nitrates pollution are numerous: domestic, agricultural and industrial. An association of Na+, K+ and CL− elements with nitrates was observed. In order to determine a probable source of contamination, we studied this association. A high rate of these elements is more likely to indicate a possible nitrate contamination of organic origin. To precise the origin of this pollution, a coupling of natural isotope tracing with values of Bore is necessary. In a second phase, a mathematical model will be proposed to predict the evolution of nitrate concentration in time and space in that region.
openalex: W2082533523 mag: 2082533523
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Seismicity associated with eruptive activity at Langila volcano, Papua New Guinea - Mori, Jim; Patia, H.; McKee, Chris; Itikarai, Ima; Lowenstein, P. L.; Ours, P. de Saint; Talai, B. (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 1989)
During periods of eruptive activity at Langila Volcano, various combinations of low-frequency earthquakes and high-frequency air waves have been recorded, ranging from earthquakes alone to air waves alone. It is shown that these different types of events are part of a continuous range of events which are all interpreted to be explosions at or near the summit. Continuous tremor is also often recorded for durations of several minutes to hours and is classified into two types: “harmonic” and “non-harmonic”. Spectral analysis shows that the “non-harmonic” tremor resembles a string of low-frequency events. In contrast, the spectra of “harmonic” tremor show simple modal characteristics which indicate some type of resonating source. This source is thought to include a gas-filled cavity above the magma body within the volcano.
openalex: W2002954613 mag: 2002954613
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Mortality at the medical wards of a university teaching hospital in Papua New Guinea: a study of 1242 admissions. - Naraqi, S; Gena, M (PubMed, 1989)
The records of all patients who died in the medical wards of the University Teaching Hospital in Papua New Guinea during a 6-month period between 1st January and 1st July 1984 were reviewed. Deaths were classified as early or late and subclassified as preventable, treatable, untreatable or undetermined. There were 120 deaths among 1242 adult patients admitted to the medical wards during the period under study (overall case fatality rate 10%). 35 patients died within 24 hours after admission (early death), 2 of preventable, 7 of treatable, 8 of untreatable and 18 of undetermined causes. Of patients who stayed alive in the hospital for more than one day, 5 died of preventable, 28 of treatable, 23 of untreatable and 29 of undetermined causes. Autopsy was performed on 3 patients (2.5%). Age of the deceased patients ranged from 13 to 67 years (median: 37). Male to female ratio was 1.86. The length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 77 days (median: 4). Infectious diseases were found to be the major cause of death with pneumonia and tuberculosis leading the list. The emergency procedures, laboratory facilities and autopsy rate need to be improved to reduce the number of deaths from undetermined and preventable causes in Papua New Guinea.
openalex: W2415002149 mag: 2415002149
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Guidelines for Teachers of Information in Kenya Retrieval - Odini, Cephas (1989)
openalex: W2896347415 mag: 2896347415
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Toward a Pedagogy of Possibility in the Teaching of English Internationally: People's English in South Africa - Peirce, Bronwyn Norton (TESOL Quarterly, 1989)
In recent years, a number of ESL professionals have pointed to the ambivalent role of English in different parts of the world. Whose interests are served in the teaching of English internationally? What is the significance, for teachers and learners of English, of the debate on the “new marriage” between language and politics (Walters, 1989, p. 1)? In seeking to address these questions, this article draws on a poststructuralist theory of language to challenge the hegemony of “communicative competence” as an adequate formulation of principles on which to base the teaching of English internationally. It argues that the teaching of English can open up possibilities for students by helping them to explore what might be desirable, as well as “appropriate,” uses of English. By way of example, the article examines the current movement in South Africa for “People's English”: how teachers and learners of English are attempting to resolve the ambivalent role of English in South Africa by appropriating the language in the interests of freedom and possibility for all South Africans.
openalex: W2167701226 mag: 2167701226
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Art-Making under Siege: a Prognosis for South African Art Education in the Nineties - Plessis, L.P. du (de arte, 1989)
openalex: W2768574928 mag: 2768574928
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORAL REASONING AND PEDAGOGICAL PREFERENCE IN KENYAN AND AMERICAN COLLEGE STUDENTS - Plueddemann, James E. (Religious Education, 1989)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJames E. PlueddemannIn addition to his teaching duties at Wheaton College, the author has worked for 13 years as director of Christian Education and director of Theological Education for the Association of Evangelical Churches of West Africa in Nigeria.
openalex: W2016750355 mag: 2016750355
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Specification of parameters for development of a spatial database for drought monitoring and famine early warning in the African Sahel - Rochon, Gilbert L. (1989)
Parameters were described for spatial database to facilitate drought monitoring and famine early warning in the African Sahel. The proposed system, referred to as the African Drought and Famine Information System (ADFIS) is ultimately recommended for implementation with the NASA/FEMA Spatial Analysis and Modeling System (SAMS), a GIS/Dymanic Modeling software package, currently under development. SAMS is derived from FEMA'S Integration Emergency Management Information System (IEMIS) and the Pacific Northwest Laborotory's/Engineering Topographic Laboratory's Airland Battlefield Environment (ALBE) GIS. SAMS is primarily intended for disaster planning and resource management applications with the developing countries. Sources of data for the system would include the Developing Economics Branch of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, the World Bank, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine's Famine Early Warning Systems (FEWS) Project, the USAID's Foreign Disaster Assistance Section, the World Resources Institute, the World Meterological Institute, the USGS, the UNFAO, UNICEF, and the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO). Satellite imagery would include decadal AVHRR imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from 1981 to the present for the African continent and selected Landsat scenes for the Sudan pilot study. The system is initially conceived for the MicroVAX 2/GPX, running VMS. To facilitate comparative analysis, a global time-series database (1950 to 1987) is included for a basic set of 125 socio-economic variables per country per year. A more detailed database for the Sahelian countries includes soil type, water resources, agricultural production, agricultural import and export, food aid, and consumption. A pilot dataset for the Sudan with over 2,500 variables from the World Bank's ANDREX system, also includes epidemiological data on incidence of kwashiorkor, marasmus, other nutritional deficiencies, and synergistically-related infectious diseases.
openalex: W768845366 mag: 768845366
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RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS, RAINFALL RELIABILITY AND THE DEFINITION OF DROUGHT: BARINGO DISTRICT, KENYA - Rowntree, Kate (South African Geographical Journal, 1989)
ABSTRACT Monthly rainfall data for Kabarnet District Office, together with comments taken from the Baringo District Annual Report are used here to examine the relationship between rainfall characteristics and agricultural drought experienced over the period 1915 to 1943 in order to establish the meteorological criteria for a definition of drought applicable to the former Kerio Native Land Unit, Baringo District, Kenya. The concept of reliable rainfall as a drought threshold is also examined. The analysis shows that the occurrence of drought was related to both the annual rainfall total and to the seasonal distribution. The meteorological criteria for drought and for reliable rainfall were found to differ between the upland cultivators and the lowland pastoralists, the latter experiencing a higher frequency of drought.
openalex: W2061989715 mag: 2061989715
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Rural and urban African pupils' alternative conceptions of ‘animal’ - Tema, B. O. (Journal of Biological Education, 1989)
The empirical work of Bell (1981) was adapted to investigate rural and urban African pupils' alternative conceptions of the concept ‘animal’. The results indicate three forms of pupils' thinking: (a) Anthropocentrism, that is making judgements and giving reasons using the human being as a point of reference; (b) Animal-centredness/zoocentrism—classifying instances and non-instances of animal on the basis of animals in general and not just human beings; and (c) Vacillating between anthropocentrism and zoocentrism. It was also found that some pupils who used zoocentric thinking, also classified instances of ‘animal’ by criteria which are different from those that biologists use. In other words, they held alternative conceptions to the concept ‘animal’ while operating within the accepted framework. In the discussion, an attempt is made to account for the possible origin of anthropocentric thinking among African pupils and the similarity between conceptions held by urban and rural pupils. The study concludes with a discussion of alternative conceptions and frameworks as possible causes of underachievement by African pupils in biology.
openalex: W1979525042 mag: 1979525042
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Fertility and fetal salvage among women with uterine leiomyomas in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. - Ve, Egwuatu (International Journal of Fertility, 1989)
Fertility and pregnancy outcome among 141 Nigerian women with uterine leiomyomas and 270 married gynaecological subjects matched for age and parity were studied. The preoperative spontaneous abortion incidence and fetal salvage among the 68 women in the study group who had previously been pregnant were 61.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Corresponding figures among women in the comparison group were 5.3% and 95.6%. Macroscopic evidence of pelvic sepsis was found at operation in 36.2% of all the women in the study group, and in 57.7% of those who complained additionally of infertility. The overall pregnancy rate following myomectomy was 37.9%, and 9.6% in those women whose presenting complaints included infertility. The mean operation-to-conception interval in the study group was 15.7 months. The fetal salvage increased to 93.5% in the women who conceived after myomectomy, and their incidence of abortion fell markedly, to 11%. Most of the deliveries (79%) in the women after myomectomy were by cesarean section. A reappearance of uterine leiomyomas occurred in 13.7% of the women. The relatively low incidence of pelvic sepsis in this series may partly be responsible for the finding of menorrhagia, rather than abdominal pain, as the commonest complaint of the women with leiomyoma.
openalex: W126850412 mag: 126850412
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Microstructure of halloysite and kaolonite rich material from western Cameroon volcanic soils as influenced by compensating cations (K+ Mg2+) - Delvaux, Bruno; Tessier, D.; Herbillon, A. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1989)
openalex: W4297961692
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Riot police facing student demonstrators, Johannesburg, South Africa - Gubb, Louise (1989)
Riot police stand at the ready as students from the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) stage an illegal demonstration against apartheid and for peace outside their campus in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa, 21 August 1989.
openalex: W2920407826 mag: 2920407826
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The Development of Operator Training in the Republic of South Africa - Cormack, R. H.; Lewis, N. J.; Barnard, J. J. (Water Science and Technology, 1989)
As part of the campaign to protect the Republic of South Africa's limited water resources, legislation has been drawn up stipulating the number and calibre of operators to be employed on a water care works. The registration and classification of both works and their operators will provide essential information for the refining and expansion of present training provisions. Four new courses in water and wastewater treatment have been approved for inclusion in the National Technical Certificate system. A preliminary training strategy is outlined and some anticipated improvements and modifications to be made in the years ahead are given.
openalex: W4236314142
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Measurement of Attitudes toward Christianity among Nigerian Secondary School Students - Francis, Leslie J.; McCarron, M. M. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1989)
Etude des qualites psychometriques (fidelite, unidimensionnalite et validite) de l'echelle de FRANCIS (1976, 1978) sur les attitudes envers le christianisme; l'echantillon est compose de 104 etudiants nigeriens âges de 11 a 23 ans. Les resultats font apparaitre des problemes au niveau de la validite de construct de l'echelle
openalex: W1979727264 mag: 1979727264
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Antenatal screening for syphilis at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria — A six year survey - Gini, Peter C.; Chukudebelu, W. O.; Njoku-Obi, A. N. U. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1989)
Between January 1979 and December 1984, 29,083 out of 42,515 antenatal patients booking at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, underwent full screening for syphilis. The results showed that 890 patients (3.06%) had positive VDRL test. Of those that reacted positively in the VDRL test, 103 (11.6%) had positive TPHA test. A prevalence rate of sero-positivity of 0.35% was obtained indicating a low incidence of syphilis in our pregnant women compared with results from other parts of Nigeria. A strong recommendation was made to treat all seropositive cases whether there was historical or clinical confirmation of syphilis or not.
openalex: W2004866492 mag: 2004866492
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Medical Readiness Education and Training Exercises by United States Army Medical Personnel in Kenya - Hand, Roger; Wiener, Stanley L.; Sanford, Jay P. (Military Medicine, 1989)
Medical Readiness Education and Training Exercises (MEDRETEs) enable United States military medical personnel to sharpen their skills in diagnosis and treatment of common illnesses in rural third world populations. We report our experiences on MEDRETEs conducted during recent exercises in the Republic of Kenya involving United States and Kenyan forces. Respiratory, musculoskeletal, and eyes, ears, nose, and throat conditions comprised 55% of cases. In 73% of cases, the final diagnosis and the chief complaint were in the same diagnostic category. In asymptomatic patients, 17% had physical findings suggestive of significant disease. Anecdotal experiences demonstrated the importance of the local environment and social customs in the genesis of certain illnesses and symptoms.
openalex: W2410458278 mag: 2410458278
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Oxygen isotope geochemistry of the Mesozoic volcanics of the Etendeka Formation, Namibia - Harris, Chris; Smith, H. S.; Milner, Simon; Erlank, A. J.; Duncan, A. R.; Marsh, Julian S; Ikin, Nicholas P. (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1989)
openalex: W2045295561 mag: 2045295561
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The Influence of Drought on Tropical Rainforest Vegetation in Papua New Guinea - Johns, R. J. (Mountain Research and Development, 1989)
Droughts are a major cause of vegetation destruction, particularly through widespread natural fires in the tropical rain- forest. The frequency and scale of major drought is discussed and its influence on the extant vegetation outlined. Evidence of fire damage in both the prehistoric and historical records is reviewed. The occurrence of frequent fires in the tropical rainforest requires a re-examination of existing concepts of rainforest stability.
openalex: W2330527631 mag: 2330527631
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Inservice training in Zimbabwe: an analysis of the relations amongst education and training, industry and state - King, Kenneth (1989)
openalex: W2228113155 mag: 2228113155
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The Education of Sir Harry Johnston in Liberia, 1900–1910 - Lyon, Judson M. (The Historian (Kingston), 1989)
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJudson M. LyonThe author is Lecturer at the University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee and Director of the World Affairs Program at Riverside University High School.
openalex: W1965683094 mag: 1965683094
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Acquisition and use of teaching AIDS in home science education: a survey of selected secondary schools in Nairobi, Kenya - Otieno, Rose (1989)
openalex: W2345395259 mag: 2345395259
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Zambian student nurses' techniques and hindrances experienced in the process of learning - Sajiwandani, Jonathan J. (Nurse Education Today, 1989)
This paper describes a report on the study carried out in Zambia on the attitudes and opinions of the third year nursing students towards studying and the hindrances experienced in the process of learning. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 162 student nurses from four schools of nursing. The results of the study indicate that students' interest in subjects was related to the way they were planned and presented. The study also suggests that studying by students can be more effective where time and attention are given to students' activities, and it is important for teachers to clarify the relationship between theory and practice in subjects which have both these components. Clarification is also required of the methods used by students to apply theory to practice. The author concludes that there is a need for carefully planned objectives and learning strategies which are of interest to students and that it is also important to involve students themselves when reviewing curricula.
openalex: W2078069974 mag: 2078069974
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Attitudes toward Love among Xhosa University Students in South Africa - Stones, Christopher R.; Philbrick, Joseph L. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1989)
Etude des attitudes envers l'amour d'etudiants sud-africains (n=69) a l'aide du MUNRO-ADAMS Love Attitude Scale. Les comparaisons effectuees en tenant compte du sexe des sujets portent outre sur l'echelle globale, sur les 3 sous-echelles: le «pouvoir romantique», l'idealisme romantique et l'amour conjugal. Des comparaisons sont egalement effectuees avec les resultats obtenus dans d'autres pays africains
openalex: W2058125682 mag: 2058125682
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Early Childhood Teachers in Nigeria Problems of Quality and Quantity - Sunal, Cynthia Szymanski (Childhood Education, 1989)
openalex: W2100292546 mag: 2100292546
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Earthquake site response study of Accra area, Ghana (International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1989)
openalex: W4253892467
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The damaging effects of superoxide oxygen radicals in guinea pig ventricular myocytes are mediated by calcium WA Coetzee, JL McLoughlin, LH Opie. Heart Research Unit, Dept Medicine, Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa (Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1989)
openalex: W4243414818
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West Bank and Gaza TRAINING FOR EMERGENCY CARE (The Lancet, 1989)
openalex: W4239277235
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Maternity care routines in a teaching hospital in Zambia. - Ab, Ransjö-Arvidson; Christensson, Kyllike; Darkwah, G; Lungu, Florence; Kakoma, C; Chikamata, Davy M.; Vk, Diwan; Sterky, G (PubMed, 1989)
At the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, 59 uncomplicated, vaginally delivered mothers, were studied with regard to maternity care during the antenatal period and delivery. Information was collected from antenatal cards, labour records, observations during delivery and interviews with mothers. The average of more than five antenatal visits indicates that there was a sufficient demand for health care. The results suggest low application of the recommended maternity care routines, positive correlation between application of the maternity care and the mother's educational level and low staff encouragement of self-care among mothers. These findings suggest a need for systematic critical review and, if necessary, modification of current maternal care technologies and improved general and health education of women.
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Readability of science texts in use in Zimbabwe secondary schools - Alonge, Ebenezer I.; Hodzi, Richard A. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1989)
A ZJER investigation into the readability levels of certain prescribed science textbooks in some Zimbabwe Junior Secondary Schools.
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Developing Talent Potential in Non-School Settings in South Africa. - Cawood, John (1989)
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Salaries and the teaching profession in Zimbabwe: importance, desire and reality - Chivore, B. R. S. (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1989)
This article is based on a major research concerned with the recruitment and training of non-graduate secondary student teachers in 1985. Since that study, the author collected more information on the 'gjiobal perspectives’ of teachers’ salaries from international reports such as those by ILO and UNESCO. The article argues that salaries are crucial because they influence the supply of new recruits to the teaching profession as well as retaining professionally qualified teachers already in service. Comparisons are made between salaries pad to non-graduate secondary teachers and salaries paid to people in the public and private sectors requiring the same academic qualifications and similar years of training. This article is important to Zimbabwe because the country faces a teacher shortage. If salaries are poor, this shortage will not improve.
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African American women?education for what? - Coleman-Burns, Patricia (Sex Roles, 1989)
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Impaired performance on odor-aversion testing following prenatal aspartame exposure in the guinea pig - Dow-Edwards, Diana; Scribani, Louise A.; Riley, Edward P. (Neurotoxicology and teratology (Print), 1989)
Pregnant guinea pigs were administered aspartame (500 mg/kg) in sesame oil by gavage or sesame oil alone between the day of conception and parturition. A nontreated control group was also maintained. There were no statistically significant effects of the treatment on maternal weight gain, litter size, or birth weight of the pups. Newborn pups were weighed daily and on day 15 were injected with either LiCl or saline and placed in a cage with vanilla odor for 30 min. Twenty-four hr later the pups were permitted to choose between vanilla and lemon odors in a preference test. While both the vehicle-treated control and nontreated control groups injected with LiCl showed a conditioned aversion to vanilla, the aspartame-treated pups injected with LiCl did not. These data indicate that aspartame exposure at 500 mg/kg throughout gestation disrupts odor-associative learning in 15-day-old guinea pigs.
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The Organisational Support for Management Education and Training in the Nigerian Public and Private Enterprises - Ekwunife, S.C (1989)
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Perspectives on Mangement Training of Women Managers in Africa - J, Parikh Indira (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1989)
This paper is based on a series of workshops and seminars held in Africa on issues of management training for women managers and trainers. Like many third world countries many nations of Africa have focused on economic growth through industrialization. Industrialization leads to creation of formal organizations. This entry confronts women with new interfaces with people and systems. The traditional processes are inadequate and insufficient to interface with structures, systems and people in formal work settings. Organizations employ women based on task requirements. But they get caught with dilemmas of assigning women tasks and the expectations of their behaviour anchored in social structures and processes. Management training programmes require space to explore these new interfaces which both women mangers and organizations face. This paper identifies some of the broader societal context of Africa in which these issues exist. It highlights some of the findings from the research and seminar with both men and women employers as well as women managers. It then identifies implications and directions for further research and training so that both men and women managers in organizations can evolve relevant models of learning.
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Attained mathematics curriculum in Zimbabwe primary schools - Jaji, Gail; Nyagura, Levi (Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research, 1989)
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Issues in Management Education and Training in Developing Countries: Some Evidence From Africa - Jones, Merrick L. (Management Education and Development, 1989)
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Volcanic rocks of the Witwatersrand Triad, South Africa. II: Petrogenesis of mafic and felsic rocks of the Dominion Group - Marsh, Julian S; Bowen, Michael P.; Rogers, Nick; Bowen, Teral B. (Precambrian Research, 1989)
A bimodal suite of volcanic rocks builds the bulk of the Dominion Group which, with an age of ∼ 2.72 Ga, is the oldest cover sequence overlying the granite-greenstone Archaean basement of the Kaapvaal craton in the western Transvaal, South Africa. The basic lavas are relatively rich in SiO2 (50–58%) and aphyric and exhibit a large compositional range. This variation is typically tholeiitic in that it is characterized by strong enrichment of Ti, Fe, and V in differentiated lavas. The different amounts of relative enrichment of these elements allow the basic lavas to be subdivided into two groups. One group is characterized by evolution to low Ti/V ratios in evolved lavas and the other by high Ti/V ratios. For nearly all other elements the composition variation of the two groups is extremely similar and overlaps, although the high-Ti/V group contains the most evolved compositions and most of the primitive lavas (Mg-numbers > 60) belong to the low-Ti/V group. Although recognition of the two groups is based on geochemistry they are interlayered in a consistent pattern within the lava pile. Theoretical modelling indicates that the variation in both lava groups can be explained by low-pressure fractional crystallization of phases in a typical tholeiitic sequence. Primitive basalts of the low-Ti/V group show a large range in major element compositions and a more restricted range of incompatible trace elements and REE abundances. In particular, Fe2O3 (total) ranges from 9 to 13.5% and correlates positively with MgO, Cr, and Ni and negatively with Al2O5 and SiO2. There are no correlations of Mg-number with incompatible trace elements such as Zr and Ce. These lavas also have LREE-enriched REE abundance patterns and negative ϵNd. These features cannot be explained by crustal contamination but are consistent with derivation by uniform amounts of melting of a mantle source which was heterogeneous with regard to major elements (particularly Fe, Al and probably Ca and Na) and uniformly enriched in incompatible trace elements at least 0.3 Ga before melting. The geochemical style of this enrichment is akin to that associated with modern subduction. This enrichment is associated with the development of a thick Archaean lithosphere, the existence of which is corroborated by diamond age and diamond inclusion thermobarometric studies. The geochemistry of the Dominion basic lavas differs significantly from those of the 3.4 Ga Barberton komatiitic and tholeiitic suites. This suggests that the changing pattern of crustal evolution from metastable ‘greenstone’ tectonic styles to stable ‘Proterozoic’ styles is reflected in the changing character of the mantle sources tapped by basic magmas. The porphyritic Dominion rhyodacites or rhyolites exhibit limited compositional variation and are genetically unrelated to the basic lavas. Nd-Isotopes and La/Th and Th/Co ratios suggest that they are partial melts of mafic crustal materials. Geochemical and petrological features of the Dominion suite are entirely consistent with eruption in a continental environment characterized by rifting or lithospheric thinning. This is consistent with some models for the tectonic development of the Witwatersrand Basin.
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Education in Cameroon: National and Colonial Elements for Children in a New Nation - Nkemnji, John (Kappa Delta Pi record, 1989)
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The pattern of isolated sleep paralysis among Nigerian medical students. - Ohaeri, Jude U.; Adelekan, M. F.; Odejide, A. O.; Ikuesan, B. A. (PubMed, 1989)
In a cross-sectional study of the patterns of isolated sleep paralysis among 164 Nigerian medical students, 26.1% admitted having experienced this phenomenon. About 31% of the females and 20% of the males had had this experience. Of those with sleep paralysis, 32.6% had hypnogenic hallucinations during the episode, mainly visual. Sleep paralysis was not significantly associated with psychosocial distress or differences in personality profile. Although the rate differs across cultures, the myths associated with sleep paralysis are similar.
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A collaboration between two innovative medical education programmes in Egypt and the United States - Risley, Brian; Foley, Richard; Nooman, Zohair; Richards, Ronald W.; Ezzat, Esmat; Maklady, Fathy (Medical Education, 1989)
Summary. In 1984, the Center for Educational Development at the University of Illinois at Chicago began to offer its Master of Health Professions Education leadership programme to 13 medical teachers on-site at Suez Canal University in Ismailia, Egypt. The central issue in this project was whether two institutions on different continents and representing different cultures could collaboratively develop and implement a relevant graduate programme. Of equal concern was whether the degree programme could be adapted to meet the needs of the teachers of a new innovative medical school in a developing country. The 13 doctors have now graduated. This paper describes the rationale for the enterprise, the planning phase of the project the curriculum, problems that had to be overcome, and some indices of success.
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A comparison of mathematics backgrounds between American and South African physics students - Under, C. J.; Hudson, H. T. (Science Education, 1989)
Science EducationVolume 73, Issue 4 p. 459-465 International Science Education A comparison of mathematics backgrounds between American and South African physics students C. J. Under, C. J. Under Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, Belleville, 7530 South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorH. T. Hudson, H. T. Hudson Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004Search for more papers by this author C. J. Under, C. J. Under Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, Belleville, 7530 South AfricaSearch for more papers by this authorH. T. Hudson, H. T. Hudson Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730730407Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Adams, S., and Garrett, H. L. (1954). Scholastic background as related to success in college physics. Journal of Educational Research, 47, 545–549. 10.1080/00220671.1954.10882139 Web of Science®Google Scholar Blumenthal, R. H. (1961). Multiple instruction and other factors related to achievement in college physics. Science Education, 45, 336–342. 10.1002/sce.3730450409 Google Scholar Hudson, H. T. (1986). A comparison of cognitive skills between completes and dropouts in a college physics course. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23, 41–50. 10.1002/tea.3660230105 Web of Science®Google Scholar Hudson, H. T., and Hudson, C. K., (1981). Suggestions on the construction of multiple choice tests. American Journal of Physics, 49, 838–841. 10.1119/1.12718 Web of Science®Google Scholar Hudson, H. T., and Rottmann, R. M., (1981). Correlation between performance in physics and prior mathematics knowledge. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18, 291–294. 10.1002/tea.3660180403 Google Scholar Naegle, C. J., and Novak, J. D. (1978). “ An evaluation of student attitudes achievement and learning efficiency in various modes of an individualized, self paced learning program in introductory college physics.” National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Los Angeles, CA. Google Scholar Pridmore, B. M. (1978). Predicting success in non-calculus based physics course at a state supported junior college. Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University. Google Scholar Wollman, W., and Lawrenz, F. (1981). Identifying potential “dropouts” from college physics classes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 21, 385–390. 10.1002/tea.3660210406 Web of Science®Google Scholar Yeany, R. H., and Miller, A. (1983). Effects of diagnostic/remedial instruction on science learning: A meta analysis. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20, 19–26. 10.1002/tea.3660200103 Web of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume73, Issue4July 1989Pages 459-465 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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The New Great Trek of South Africa: Which Reforms for Education? - Grattan-Guinness, I. (The Educational Forum, 1989)
(1989). The New Great Trek of South Africa: Which Reforms for Education? The Educational Forum: Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 141-161.
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Postgraduate surgical training in South Africa - Cj, Mieny (South African Medical Journal, 1989)
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[Postgraduate surgical training in South Africa]. - Mieny, C J (PubMed, 1989)
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Activities of the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: The Libyan Red Crescent Training and Study Centre (International review of the Red Cross (2005. Online), 1989)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
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Problems of Science Education in Africa: Some Analysis and Propositions - Alonge, Ebenezer I. (1989)
Generally, problems or progress of science education in Africa is discussed in terms of enrolment statistics, teacher\pupil ratios and facility inventory such as number of classrooms, laboratories, availability of texts, etc. All too often, the said statistics is used to justify performances in examinations. Thus, a Government that is able (if possible) to meet the requirements defined within the said statistics as adequate would consider its job done. As most governments are often not able to meet the optimal ratios, science education in Africa has been and remains an important field in which considerable government efforts have been directed. Some of such efforts often code named as TEMPORARY, EMERGENCY, OR CRASH PROGRAMMES have often made some impact while others remain no more than footnotes for literature use. It is common knowledge that neither the sporadic short term measures nor the conventional long term solutions in current use seem to hold promise for anticipated rate of development in science education. It does appear that beyond the enrolment statistics and performances in examinations are deep-seated problems too frightening to confront and yet too serious to ignore.
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Socialization, Gender, Academic Achievement And Aspirations Of Secondary School Pupils In Zimbabwe - Dorsey, Betty Jo (1989)
The under achievement of girls at secondary school level in Zimbabwe is a problem which has its roots in the Colonial Era when access to higher levels of schooling for Black pupils was extremely restricted for both sexes. Only ten percent of primary school leavers entered secondary school and two percent reached ' Form IV.1 At the Form IV level the ratio of boys to girls was 3:1. Similar sex ratios have been reported by other researchers in Africa.- In fact in most of Africa south of the Sahara the education of girls has lagged considerably behind that of boys. In this paper the effects of gender and academic attainment, educational and career aspirations as well as access to schooling will be examined both before and after independence. Cultural and economic factors which contribute to gender differences in secondary school pupils attainment and aspirations will be considered and the extent to which these have persisted despite greater access to schooling since independence.
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Schistosomiasis control and health education in Burundi. - Engels, Dirk; Mpitabakana, P (PubMed, 1989)
In Burundi, the intestinal parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, inhabits the waters of the Rusizi Plain (1 of the worst affected areas), the Capital Bujumbura, the Imbo-Sud, and around Lake Cohoha. It continues to cause illness in these regions. In 1985, the Lutte Contre la Schistosomiase project implemented a control program in these regions, chiefly involving chemotherapy. In addition, the European Development Fund had financed integration of safe water supply and environmental sanitation efforts into the program. To further reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis, the control program has introduced a training program for auxiliary health workers and health education campaigns. These efforts assist the program in decentralizing schistosomiasis control to health services and communities. Auxiliary health workers in primary schools, health centers, and subcommittees for sociosanitary development are responsible for educating the public about schistosomiasis. Program workers have developed educational material which allows the educators to address consistent messages to all audiences yet also allows for flexibility. The material consists of posters demonstrating how the disease is transmitted and other preventive measures, a film on schistosomiasis control, and a flip chart. Eventually health centers will be responsible for epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis. Communal subcommittees for sociosanitary development play an important role in informing local authorities of needed actions to control the disease and in setting priorities.
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Comparison of Patterns of Word Association among Three Grades of Nigerian School Children - Folarin, Bamidele Adepeju (Psychological reports, 1989)
79 Nigerian primary school children in Grades 1, 3, and 6 associated to 48 categorizable Yoruba nouns which were randomly presented. They all significantly produced more paradigmatic than syntagmatic responses. Grade 6 gave the most superordinate, temporally, spatially, and functionally related responses. Grade 3 produced the most connotative responses, and Grade 1 emitted the most descriptive responses.
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Support for Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where does the World Bank Stand? - Habte, Aklilu (Higher Education Policy, 1989)
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Progress in postgraduate training in anaesthetics for doctors in Zimbabwe. - Hm, Chinyanga; Hasma, H; Clark, Nereyda R (PubMed, 1989)
Satisfactory progress and examination results have been reported for the first four candidates studying for the University of Zimbabwe's new Master of Medicine degree in Anesthetics
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Ptolemy revived? — The existence of a mild instrumentalism in some selected British, American, and South African high school physical science textbooks - Jacoby, Brian Arthur; Spargo, P. E. (Interchange, 1989)
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Computers in education in South Africa - Julie, Cyril; Berg, Owen van den (ACM Sigcue Outlook, 1989)
article Free Access Share on Computers in education in South Africa: the state of the art Authors: Cyril Julie Facultiy of Education, University of the Western Cape Facultiy of Education, University of the Western CapeView Profile , Owen van den Berg Facultiy of Education, University of the Western Cape Facultiy of Education, University of the Western CapeView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCUE OutlookVolume 20Issue 2Summer 1989 pp 32–36https://doi.org/10.1145/382145.382963Online:01 June 1989Publication History 1citation104DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads104Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
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Transfer of low level trimethoprim resistance in faecal isolates obtained from apparently healthy Nigerian students - Lamikanra, Adebayo; Fayinka, Susan T.; Olusanya, O. (FEMS microbiology letters, 1989)
Twenty-four of 63 enteric Gram-negative organisms (38.1%) which were isolated from 35 apparently healthy Nigerian students were found to have low trimethoprim resistance (MIC less than 1000 mg/l). These isolates were also found to be resistant to several other antibiotics and trimethoprim resistance was found to be transferable from 15 (62.5%) of the trimethoprim resistant organisms into E. coli EC 1005. It is likely that the high percentage of trimethoprim resistance encountered in this study is related to the high rate of resistance transfer which was observed.
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Use of animals for teaching and research at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. - Mitchell, Grace (PubMed, 1989)
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Household Response to the Impact of Drought in Kenya - Neumann, Charlotte G.; Trostle, Richard Murray; Baksh, Michael; Ngare, Duncan; Bwibo, Nimrod O. (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 1989)
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Alcohol use among Nigerian youths: the need for drug education and alcohol policy - Odejide, A. O.; Ohaeri, Jude U.; Ikuesan, Benson A. (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1989)
The recent national heightened interest in drug abuse, involving social campaigns by political leaders, has provided an opportune time for interested workers to articulate and advocate a drug and alcohol education programme. Education in this case means the intentional giving of assistance or advice (by an educator or change agent) in a process of decision making on the use of alcohol and drugs. It should be integrated into the school curriculum, be multidisciplinary in approach, and in particular the parents of youths from elite homes should be involved. There are elements of drug education in developed countries that can be creatively adapted to countries like Nigeria. The programme will take into cognisance the religious differences between the North and South of the country, the literacy level and availability of Community resources. A national drug and alcohol policy will enhance the effectiveness of such a programme.
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[Development of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Gabon between 1984 and 1987-88 (in vivo evaluation in a school environment)]. - Richard-Lenoble, D; Kombila, Maryvonne; Martz, Meghan E.; Lefèvre, Brigitte; Chandenier, J.; Billiault, X; Thérizol-Ferly, M (PubMed, 1989)
Unknown in 1980, suspected in 1983 and scarcely present in 1984-85, Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine as studied in vivo in schoolchildren in Gabon, has strongly developed in 4 years time. In 1987-88, administration of 25 mg/kg of chloroquine leaves one strain out of four with a parasitic load greater than 10/1.000 red blood cells examined by thick drop technique. The present, unfortunately provisional attitude tends to maintain chloroquine at efficient doses for as long as the resistant strains are ethically and practically controllable. The dispersion without strict control of new and for the time being very efficient drugs might rapidly give rise to a polychemoresistance which would leave us without defence.
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Student-Youth Differences among Palestinians in the West Bank - Shadid, Mohammed; Seltzer, Rick (Youth & Society, 1989)
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Nursing education in South Africa - Uys, Leana R. (Nurse Education Today, 1989)
Basic nursing education in South Africa has recently changed from a series of single registrations to a 4 year integrated programme. Diploma nursing education has also been moved into the mainstream of post-secondary education by the establishment of Nursing Colleges affiliated to Universities. These structural changes have put nursing education on a healthy footing, which should serve it well for the next decade.
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Some Aspects Of Christian Pastoral Care And Counselling In The Contemporary Secondary Schools Of Kenya: A Study Of Selected Schools In Machakos District - Wambua, Abraham W (1989)
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Second-Order Factor Structure of Cattell's High School Personality Questionnaire among Zimbabwean Schoolboys - Wilson, David J.; Sibanda, Josephine; Sibanda, Pauline; Wilson, Christopher (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1989)
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Improving women's education in sub-Saharan Africa : a review of the literature - Hyde, Karin A. L. (1989)
This paper reviews studies published since 1980 on factors affecting the participation of females in formal education. The aim is to identify factors, summarize strategies and suggest policies that could improve female education in sub - Saharan Africa. Markedly different patterns of enrollment are evident from country to country. Countries with both low and high levels of enrollment showed evidence of both equitable and inequitable female participation. Background characteristics such as socioeconomic status, parental education, region of residence and religion appear more important for girls than boys. Dropping out results from individual, familial and institutional decisions. Possible strategies for improving female participation include : a) increasing school places; b) raising number of female teachers; c) addressing teacher attitudes; d) widening curriculum options for girls; and e) reducing the demand for child labor. Another recommendation includes avoidance of administrative and fiscal policies that negatively affect opportunities for female schooling. Finally, more research is needed in those countries not represented in the studies reviewed, as well as a more detailed examination of the process through which girls in all countries are put at an educational disadvantage.
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The effects of single-sex schooling on student achievement and attitudes in Nigeria - Lee, Valerie E.; Lockheed, Marlaine E. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1989)
This study of Form Three (ninth grade) students in Nigeria indicates that single sex schools improve girls'achievement in mathematics and engender less stereotypic ideas about mathematics. But Nigerian males experience lower achievement and hold a more stereotypic view of mathematics under single sex schooling. Why are there different responses? In part, differences between the types of students attending single-sex and coeducational schools may be responsible. Girls'schools also differed from boys schools in several important ways. While these and other differences beween students and schools were found to contribute to differences in student achievement, a statistically significant residual effect for single-sex schools remained after adjustments were made, suggesting that other organizational or student background factors may account for the observed differences in effects.
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Determinants of women's education in the Middle East and North Africa : illustrations from seven countries - Sanabary, Nagat El (1989)
Despite considerable progress by Middle Eastern and North African countries in improving female access to and attainment of education at all levels, much remains to be done. This report focuses on three sets of highly interrelated determinants of access, achievement and outcome : 1) macrolevel societal determinants; 2) school characteristics; and 3) family background characteristics. Seven representative countries were included : Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Research shows that the level of economic development of a country and the distribution of income have a much stronger impact than do Islamic and cultural values. The research also shows that the size and growth rate of the population can place a major strain on school facilities and resources. Sex role stereotypes and the division of labor in the home and marketplace mean that expected returns from female education do not appear to justify the costs. Free, compulsory education and open admissions have led to major improvements in female education but have not guaranteed equity. Key factors of educational attainment include : socioeconomic background, parental education, and family size. Because of the importance of female teachers and administrators as role models, their high rate of attrition and absenteeism calls for careful solutions.
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Training of traditional midwives for monitoring pregnancies in a rural setting the experience of the khombole social pediatric center senegal - Sanokho, A; Fall, Marijane; Sall, Mohamadou; Nzalé, Samuel Kembou; Diallo, Awa (1989)
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Student drop-out in institutions of higher learning in Ethiopia: magnitude, causes and cures - Asmerom, K; Lakew, W T; Makonnen, Yoseph; Yusuf, O A (The Ethiopian Journal of Education, 1989)
This study attempted to estimate the number of dropouts in the higher insti-tutions of learning in the nation as a whole and whether there was a regionalvariation in this regard by taking into consideration faculties and subjects withemphasis on English and Mathematics.Many factors were used to determine the causes for the sampled dropout.Among other things, it was concluded that many of the sampled studentdiscontinued their education for academic reasons and a few for non-academicones as revealed both by empirical observations and correlational analyses. Thesewere then followed by a number of suggestions to alleviate the prevailing highattrition rate.
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SOME TRENDS IN REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL PARTICIPATION IN ETHIOPIA - Shibeshi, Ayalew (1989)
Since 1973/74. vast strides have been made to democratize education and increase regional participation rates in primary education .Despite the efforts made however. disparities have widened and widened in a zonal nature. denoting the geographicaly distinct areas of north and south. The factors that underlie the problem seem to be distribution of missionary schools, economic differences in the regions and lack of stability in some of the northern regions. Whereas regional disparities in educational participation are very difficult to solve in isolation from the general socio-economic inequalities, a reassessment of the resource allocation and positive discrimination towards the deprived areas seems a timely measure.
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Dynamic source parameters of the March‐May 1969 Serdo Earthquake Sequence in central Afar, Ethiopia, deduced from teleseismic body waves - Kebede, Fekadu; Kim, Youn-Jung; Kulhánek, Ota (1989)
Long‐period teleseismic P and S waveforms for the largest four earthquakes in the Serdo sequence are compared with synthetic seismograms to infer mechanisms, focal depths, source time functions, and dynamic energy release. For all four events studied, the mechanisms are predominantly strike slip. Depth estimates obtained for the four earthquakes by matching synthetic seismograms to the observations are found to lie between 5 and 8 km. The azimuthal variation of observed body wave duration for the main event indicates that the rupture propagated from NE to SW. Average seismic moments obtained from body wave synthetics vary from 4.6×10 17 to 2.5×10 18 N m. Average final displacements, stress drops, and lengths of the fault are found to lie between 0.16 and 0.56 m, 0.45 and 1.56 MPa, and 10 and 16 km, respectively. The low stress drop value obtained may indicate the presence of softer materials near the source. The energy release shows that the mode of energy release during the sequence took place in two steps, mainly by the two largest shocks.
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University Art Education in the context of 1974-1998 education reform in Ghana - Mensah, Peter Ndaahale (1989)
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Keratinophilic fungi of school playgrounds in the Nablus area, West Bank of Jordan - Ali‐Shtayeh, Mohammed S. (Mycopathologia, 1989)
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Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease among primary school children in Western Kenya - Anabwani, Gabriel; Amoa, Apeawusu B.; Muita, A.K. (International Journal of Cardiology, 1989)
A community survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Kenyan children in all primary schools in 2 sublocations in Western Kenya. In total, 3631 children (97% school attendance) aged from 5 to 15 years were examined by one experienced physician and 2 cardiologists between September and December 1985. Six children were found to have evidence of rheumatic heart disease, giving a prevalence rate of 1.7/1000. As all cases occurred in the age group between 10 and 15 years, the rate was calculated for this group as 2.4/1000. None of these patients had previously been diagnosed as having rheumatic fever. There were 3 males and 3 females. Four patients had mitral regurgitation, one had aortic regurgitation and one had mitral stenosis. Three had electrocardiographic evidence of left atrial abnormality and one showed findings of left ventricular hypertrophy but two patients had normal tracings. Half were symptomatic with dyspnoea on exertion and two gave a history of fleeting polyarthritis. The socio-economic status (peasant), family size (mean = 6 siblings) and the number of children sleeping per room were the same in both the cases with rheumatic heart disease and their controls. The health workers achieved low scores (mean 26%) with regard to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rheumatic fever at the level of primary health care. Rheumatic heart disease, nonetheless, was relatively insignificant in the overall picture of health care of school children in Western Kenya.
openalex: W2163524581 mag: 2163524581
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Education and Social Change in Egypt and Turkey: A Study in Historical Sociology. - Boli, John; Williamson, Bill (Contemporary Sociology, 1989)
openalex: W2065056701 mag: 2065056701
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Achieving quality education Use of the External Examiner System in African Universities - Burgess, Helen A. (Bulletin of the American College of Nurse-Midwifery, 1989)
This article discusses the role and functions of the external examiner, a system based on British educational models used in many African universities. The system tries to help achieve quality in education. The author served as an external examiner in midwifery for two years in Malawi.
openalex: W2094812931 mag: 2094812931
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Assessment of Pupils' Practical Work in Technical/Practical Subjects in Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe. - Chinyamunzore, N.N. (1989)
openalex: W114232074 mag: 114232074
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Mortality pattern in the Emergency Paediatric Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. - Ha, Aikhionbare; Yakubu, A; Am, Naida (PubMed, 1989)
Three hundred and seven (307) deaths were recorded out of 3,155 admissions into the Emergency Paediatric Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria between January 1st and December 31st 1986, giving a percentage mortality of 9.9 percent. 67 percent of the patients who died were aged between one month and twenty four months, and the overall male: female ratio of deaths was 1:1.04. Measles with complications was the commonest cause of death (24.1 percent) closely followed by protein energy malnutrition (23 percent) and respiratory tract infection (18 percent). Over half of the patients (57.6 percent) died less than 24 hours after admission. As most deaths resulted from preventable conditions, the implications of this finding, and suggestions on how to improve the situation are discussed.307 deaths were recorded out of 3155 admissions to the Emergency Pediatric Unit of Ahamdu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaira, Nigeria between January 1st and December 31st, 1986. This was 9.9% of the total admissions. The male-female death ratio was 1:1.04 about the same as the total male-female admissions ratio (1:1.02). The least % mortality is in the 4th quarter of the year; it rises to a peak between July and September. 67% of the patients who died were between 1 and 24 months of age. Measles with complications was the most common cause of death (74 deaths, 24.1%), closely followed by protein energy malnutrition (23%), and respiratory tract infection (18%). Over 1/2 the patients died 24 hours after admission. Most deaths resulted from preventable conditions, such as measles which is preventable by vaccination. A need for programs like the Nigerian government's expanded program on immunization and oral rehydration therapy exists. The Nigerian government has set up a directorate of food, roads, and rural infrastructure to improve the living standard of its rural population. 2 of its aims are to provide abundant food and good drinking water. The government has also started a mass mobilization program.
openalex: W2285708095 mag: 2285708095
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Kemetic (Egyptian) Historical Revision: Implications for Cross-Cultural Evaluation and Research in Education - Hilliard, Asa G. (Evaluation Practice, 1989)
Feature articles should deal with topics applicable to the broad field of program evaluation. Implications for practicing evaluators should be clearly identified. Examples of contributions include but are not limited to reviews of new developments in evaluation; descriptions of a current evaluation effort, research problem, or technique; and discussions of theoretical, legal, or ethical issues affecting evaluation. Manuscripts should include appropriate references and should not exceed 10 double-spaced typewritten pages in length.
openalex: W4255963831
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Kemetic (egyptian) historical revision: Implications for cross-cultural evaluation and research in education - Hilliard, Asa G. (Evaluation Practice, 1989)
Experimental studies on non-isothermal crystallization on the free surface of a drop of NaCl salt solution have been carried out. The article compares the behavior of the motion of aluminum particle and NaCl crystal on the surface of a drop of an aqueous salt solution. In addition, there is a comparison of the character of the crystal motion at room temperature of 21 °C and at high heat flux when the temperature on the droplet surface is 85 °C. For the first time it is shown that the crystal motion for all these cases is qualitatively and quantitatively different and is determined by the simultaneous influence of several key factors: (1) the surface tension gradient to the left and right of the particle (crystal); (2) the curvature radius and (3) the Marangoni force. Depending on the size of each of these factors, the motion can be directed both to the center of the drop and to its edge (to the contact line). Previously, it was believed that a particle can only move to the center of the drop.
openalex: W2086942061 mag: 2086942061
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Teacher Incentive Systems, Final Report. Policy Research Initiative: Haiti, Liberia, Somalia, Yemen Arab Republic. - Kemmerer, Frances; Thiagarajan, Sivasailam (1989)
openalex: W15491468 mag: 15491468
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Competency Needs of Administrators in Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya As Perceived By Administrators and Faculty - Konditi, Jane A. O. (1989)
The problem of this study was the needed administrative competencies of administrators in teacher training colleges in Kenya as perceived by administrators and faculty. A questionnaire (Inventory of Administrative Competencies) was mailed to principals, vice-principals, and four faculty members selected at random from sixteen teacher training colleges in Kenya. Ninety-six questionnaires were returned, yielding a return rate of 100 percent. Responses were analyzed using t-tests and one-way analyses of variance utilizing the F-test of the statistical test. A series of post hoc comparisons was made using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test to locate significant differences. Based on the analysis of data, it was concluded that both administrators and faculty considered the desired status of the competency very high. The administrators were performing below the desired status. Size of college was the major factor for the differences in perceptions of the respondents. Years of experience and educational background had little or no effect on the respondents' responses to the questionnaire. The following recommendations were made: A future study should investigate the perceived desired status and present performance ratings assigned to a validated set of competency statements of those levels of administrative activities not included in this study. Such a study would involve school inspectors, provincial education officers, deans of students, and heads of departments. A study should be made to investigate the current methods of evaluating administrative competence in teacher training colleges in Kenya. The results of this study should be analyzed by the Ministry of Education teacher college program developers responsible for conducting administrative workshops or in—service training in Kenya. This study could provide developers with additional information for improving the adequacy and relevance of both pre—service and in-service programs for practicing administrators.
openalex: W2269265349 mag: 2269265349
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A Gifted Child Education Model That Seems to Be Working in South Africa - Mentz, Hendrik Jeremy (The Gifted child today, 1989)
openalex: W264495895 mag: 264495895
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Strategies for developing innovative programs in international medical education. A viewpoint from Africa - Monekosso, G. L. (Academic Medicine, 1989)
Postgraduate medical education is an important factor in Africa's present emphasis on health care as a basis for socioeconomic development. Such education must be relevant to the realities of health problems in Africa. The priority of most African governments is training in traditional health care management and in fields related to community- and problem-based medicine. Presently, opportunities for such training exist in only seven centers throughout Africa. A model health care system, offered by most national governments, is described. This system, which includes district, provincial, and central levels of care, delivers over 80% of health services, and it is within such a system that nationals returning from postgraduate medical education abroad will function. Problems currently associated with these systems are the shortages of expertise in the areas of management, logistics, informatics, and resources mobilization, as well as the generally low literacy of the community. Africa also needs more teachers in the basic sciences, further development of biomedical research, courses in continuing education, particularly for field workers in isolated areas, short courses on investigative techniques, and goal-oriented research aimed at solving public health problems in the student's country.
openalex: W2054319067 mag: 2054319067
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The potential of interactive computer technologies in education in Southern Africa∗ - Murphy, Gerry (Development Southern Africa, 1989)
openalex: W2141882920 mag: 2141882920
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Influence of the Number of Living Sons on Contraceptive Use Among Female Teachers in Nigeria - Oyeka, I. C. A. (Studies in family planning, 1989)
This study examines the relationship between the number of living sons and contraceptive use among married female teachers in primary and secondary schools of the Enugu urban area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Within each category of number of living children, women with no living sons were least likely to have ever used modern contraceptives. Contraceptive use increased directly with number of living sons. However, women with only sons and no daughters were less likely to have ever used modern contraceptives than were women with at least one son and one daughter. Better educated women who were close to achieving their desired family size, or whose desired family sex ratio was relatively low, were more likely to be contraceptive users.
openalex: W1982720355 mag: 1982720355
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Abruptio Placentae at The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: A 3‐Year Study - Ozumba, Benjamin C. (Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1989)
EDITORIAL COMMENT: This paper will remind readers about the clinical problems of abruptio placentae that accounts for about 20% of perinatal deaths and can threaten maternal life, usually by haemorrhage associated with blood coagulation failure. In the author's hospital in Nigeria which serves a population of 4 million, the incidence of abruption was 0.4% (81 of 81,215 confinements). This low incidence is partly accounted for by the strict clinical criteria for diagnosis (abdominal pain 85%, tenderness 88%) which in turn explained the high incidence of blood transfusion (93%) and high perinatal mortality rate (58%). These results are similar to those reported from the Maternity Hospital, University of Cape Town, 1986, where the incidence of abruption was 0.6% (149 of 25,402) and the perinatal mortality rate 55%. The incidence reported from the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, 1986, was 0.3% (22 of 7,823) with a perinatal mortality rate of 59%, although blood transfusion was required in only 23% of patients. The prize for perinatal mortality associated with placenta! abruption must belong to Hong Kong — in the Queen Mary and Tsan Yuk Hospitals, 1983, the incidence of abruptio placentae was 0.3% and the associated perinatal mortality rate was 5%. It would seem that not only do the Chinese have low incidences of prematurity, fetal malformations and multiple pregnancy, but also fewer cases of severe abruption. At the Mercy Maternity hospital, Melbourne, there is a much higher incidence of abruption but here the diagnostic criterion is evidence of an old retroplacental clot at delivery — the incidence in this hospital, 1984–1986, was 2.2% (337 of 15,658) with a perinatal mortality rate of 15% and a blood transfusion rate of 17%. In the Melbourne series disseminated intravascular coagulopathy occurred in 1% of patients with abruption whereas in the author's series the incidence was 11%. The author concludes that good antenatal and intrapartum care minimizes the maternal and fetal hazards of placenta! abruption; he also gives the good advice that coagulation failure must be ruled out before embarking on Caesarean section in these patients. Summary: A total of 81 cases of abruptio placentae treated in a 3‐year period at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu is reported. The incidence of 0.44% found in the study is low when compared to reports from Europe. The outstanding clinical features were high parity, low incidence of renal failure, hypertension and proteinuria. The perinatal mortality of 58% is quite high while 2 mothers who were referred to the Teaching Hospital in poor condition died. Management was by rapid and adequate resuscitation by blood transfusion and delivery as soon as the diagnosis was made. The absence of maternal mortality amongst mothers who received antenatal care at the University Teaching Hospital emphasizes the need for adequate antenatal and intrapartum care in order to eliminate the complications of this obstetrical enigma.
openalex: W2145044760 mag: 2145044760
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Management Training and its Contribution to Economic Recovery in Africa - Schellekens, Leo (Journal of Management Development, 1989)
Africa′s economic decline over the period since most countries became independent is discussed, and suggestions are offered to make the African management institutions more client‐oriented, such as offering more accessible courses to potential trainees. Existing institutions and their philosophies are described.
openalex: W1978147425 mag: 1978147425
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Botswana country paper on the integration of research, teaching and extension - Mathake, J. K.; Mrema, Geoffrey C.; Gollifer, D. E. (1989)
openalex: W2768754837 mag: 2768754837
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Training health workers in zambia for hiv infection - Haworth, Alan; Kalumba, K; Kelly, Michael; Chingono, Alfred (1989)
openalex: W3126245340 mag: 3126245340
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Effects of metabolic manipulation on myocardial sarcolemmal permeability A. Lochner, A. Pentz, I.S. Harper. MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Stellenbosch Medical School; MRC Institute for Medical Biophysics, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa (Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1989)
openalex: W4206586782
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Inositol phosphates: Effect on calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle A. Lochner, R. Bester. MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Stellenbosch Medical School, Tygerberg, Republic of South Africa (Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 1989)
openalex: W4247405478
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Isolation of keratinophilic fungi from floor dust in Arab elementary and preparatory schools in the West Bank of Jordan - Ali‐Shtayeh, Mohammed S.; Arda, H. M. (Mycopathologia, 1989)
openalex: W2093730904 mag: 2093730904
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Towards a traditional model for school counselling and care in Nigeria - Bulus, Ibrahim (International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 1989)
openalex: W2090246896 mag: 2090246896
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The impact of volcanic hazards at Rabaul, Papua New Guinea - Clapperton, Chalmers M. (Applied Geography, 1989)
openalex: W2725853072 mag: 2725853072
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GEOGRAPHY AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1839–1989 - Clark, Eric (South African Geographical Journal, 1989)
openalex: W1966032144 mag: 1966032144
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Characterization and antibiotic sensitivity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. - Coker, A. O.; Olaiya, B.; Lawrence, Chikwela; Alabi, S. A. (PubMed, 1989)
One hundred and thirteen rectal swabs and 87 faecal samples obtained from the Paediatric casualty of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria were processed for Campylobacter jejuni/coli. Twenty-two (11%) of the specimens were positive for C. jejuni. Biotyping results showed that nine (41%) and eight (36%) belonged to C. jejuni biotypes I and II respectively, while three (14%) and two (9%) belonged to C. coli biotypes I and II. Serotyping results revealed that C. jejuni biotypes I and II and C. coli biotypes I and II belonged to different serotypes with serotypes A9 and A36 being the most prevalent. In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing using the disc method showed that 18 (82%) of the Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and nalidixic acid, while 16 (73%) were sensitive to streptomycin. All were resistant to penicillin, while four (18%) and six (27%) were sensitive to tetracycline and cloxacillin respectively. We therefore recommend the use of erythromycin and streptomycin for cases of Campylobacter enteritis requiring antimicrobial therapy in Lagos, Nigeria.
openalex: W124677785 mag: 124677785
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Policy: Practical and Research Challenges and Options for Health Education in Nigeria - Egwu, Igbo N. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1989)
Nigeria's new policy on health is based on a primary health care (PHC) system. It consists of hospital services and primary health care services subsystems. The subsystems are interlinked by referral services, and the strength of the total system, should be augmented by intersectoral-, community participation-, and traditional medical-inputs. A functional proportion model (FPM) is proposed here to show interrelationships as well as ideal/relative extent of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care within each subsystem. The health policy vividly enunciates a clear-cut role of health education as an enabling tool for PHC implementation. But it fails to commit itself to actual mechanisms for implementation support. Consequently, health education in Nigeria, at present, lacks professional identity and leadership, despite sporadic initiatives by the academia. It is suggested here that the situation could be remedied by deliberate expanded policy on health education-strengthening public policy support for health education practice and research.
openalex: W2082817099 mag: 2082817099
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The Impact of Permanent Disability on Rural Households: River Blindness in Guinea - Evans, Timothy (IDS Bulletin, 1989)
This article examines the impact of permanent disability on households, based on a 1987 field study in highly endemic areas of onchocerciasis (river blindness) in Guinea (Conakry). Preliminary results are used to model the interaction of the blinding form of the disease with a young household over a 15‐year period, revealing a process of household impoverishment often overlooked when the unit of analysis is the individual. This identifies effects on different household members and those most in need. Similar analysis could help foresee social and economic effects of the growing problem of AIDS.
openalex: W2063490680 mag: 2063490680
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TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND MIGRATION IN TIRIKI, WESTERN KENYA, 1902–1987 - Gould, W. T. S. (African Affairs, 1989)
[A]ttention should be directed towards agriculturally-oriented or ruraloriented school activity and curriculum content as a means of stemming rural-urban migration as well as increasing agricultural activity in the long run. 1 This is one of the latest additions to a stream of policy advice to the Kenyan authorities that stretches back to the earliest phase of colonial control at the beginning of the 20th century, and has parallels almost everywhere in Africa.2 However, experience of rural education experiments throughout the Third World has generally been disappointing,3 and particularly with respect to the objective of providing an education that would be directly valuable to those living and working in rural areas, and thus reduce the necessity for migration out of rural areas in order to benefit from whatever skills are acquired in school. While the nature and causes of the problems of establishing rural education in Africa have been widely discussed in general terms, the longer term impacts of specific training and schooling policies in particular localities remain obscured by the range of local contexts in which rural education initiatives have been applied. In particular in Kenya, a contrast may be made between areas with a relatively dynamic rural economy, such as the settler areas of the White Highlands in the colonial economy and Central Province or parts of Rift Valley Province since independence, and the more depressed regions, the 'reserves' in the colonial period, Nyanza and Western
openalex: W1855776884 mag: 1855776884
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Oxygen-isotope zonation of agates from Karoo volcanics of the Skeleton Coast, Namibia - Harris, Chris (American Mineralogist, 1989)
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Thirty years of integration of Visually handicapped students into post-primary institutions in Plateau State, Nigeria, 1957-1987 : an evaluation - Hill, Kathryn E. (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 1989)
The careers of visually handicapped people who have been educated in post-primary schools and colleges in Plateau State, Nigeria, are evaluated in terms of percentage employment, type of employment and further/higher educatio n. Recommendations for improving the quality of education offered to visually handicapped students in the State are then made.
openalex: W2126491011 mag: 2126491011
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Education of Refugees and Their Expectations in Africa: The Case of Returnees with Special Reference to Uganda - Kabera, John B. (African Studies Review, 1989)
Refugees in Africa number about four million. Some of them, uprooted during the struggles for independence, have been in refuge for over 30 years. Others were uprooted during the post-independence period, when their views were considered revolutionary and dangerous to the regimes in power. As an attempt to solve the refugee problem, some countries, like Tanzania, have granted refugees the status of naturalized citizens. Other countries, like Zimbabwe and Uganda, have encouraged immediate return and repatriation. Others have a wait-and-see attitude. In all cases, refugees are placed in a very awkward postion. They have little say and their material possessions are meager. Uprooted from their motherland, they view educational attainment as, in most cases, their only hope for survival and for earning a respectable livelihood, either in the country of asylum or after they are repatriated. This desire is strengthened by their awareness that the educated in the young independent African states hold the reins of power. Refugees and returnees, therefore, look at education with great hope and expectations (Kabera, forthcoming). Most of the refugees in Africa come from rural areas where educational facilities are, on the whole, deficient or non-existent. The situation does not improve when they leave home. The hope of making up for an insufficient education while in asylum is curtailed when the refugees are placed in remote reception areas devoid of educational facilities. Other places simply offer few chances for educational attainment (CIMADE et al., 1986: 110). Arrangements to organize and run schools take more time and resources than are available.
openalex: W1973399665 mag: 1973399665
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Teaching and Research in Anthropology and Sociology in Eastern African Universities - Kameir, El-Wathig M.; Selassie, Seyoum G. (1989)
openalex: W412384234 mag: 412384234
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Vocational training. My year as a guinea pig - Mace, Jackie (British Dental Journal, 1989)
openalex: W1985441462 mag: 1985441462
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PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN RURAL TANZANIA - McLarty, D.G.; Kitange, H. M.; Mtinangi, Benjamin L.; Makene, W. J.; Swai, A. B. M.; Masuki, Gabriel; Kilima, P. M.; Chuwa, L.M.; Alberti, K. G. M. M. (The Lancet, 1989)
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was assessed by use of WHO diagnostic criteria in 6299 Africans aged 15 years and above living in six villages in Tanzania. 0·87% (1·1% male, 0·68% female) had diabetes and 7·8% (6·9% male, 7·7% female) had IGT. Prevalence rates were 1·1% and 8·4%, respectively, when age-adjusted to the USA population. Only 7 (13·5%) of the 53 individuals with diabetes had been known to have the disorder; 34 (74%) of the other 46 were symptom-free. Mean age was 54 (SD 20) for diabetic subjects and 37 (17) years for the whole population. Diabetes and IGT rates did not differ significantly between villages despite geographical, socioeconomic, and dietary differences. Diabetes rates increased modestly with age and body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels did not rise significantly with age but correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (BP) and negatively with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and BMI. The 2 hour post-glucose load blood glucose values correlated positively with age, sex, and systolic BP and negatively with Hb. Diabetes is less prevalent in rural Africa than in developed countries, even when age has been corrected for. This difference is probably related to body weight, diet, and exercise.
openalex: W2047886828 mag: 2047886828
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The impact of the AIDS-education programme on ugandan schoolchildren - Müller, Olaf; Lubega, Janet Kobusingye; Senoga, J. (AIDS Care, 1989)
Abstract The knowledge and attitudes of young people towards AIDS prevention and AIDS patient care have been evaluated through an investigation of posters sent to a nationwide poster competition by urban schoolchildren in Uganda. The contents of these posters may reflect the current state of the AIDS education campaign and the understanding of the main messages. The schoolchildren were knowledgable about the subject and had a positive attitude towards AIDS-patients. One problem seems to be the understanding of the carrier state of HIV infection.
openalex: W2005852131 mag: 2005852131
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Medical education and primary health care in tropical Africa: evidence for change. - Pn, Otti (PubMed, 1989)
Many aspects of Primary Health Care call for a complete revision of approach, emphasis and mental attitudes in medical education. This appears to be a pre-requisite for the promotion of total health involving all elements (i.e. favourable biological, social and physical environment) in the improvement of the general health status of the community. However, the training of medical students is still, in the main, hospital based, with a relatively insignificant clinical exposure in the community setting. Consequently, medical students have been ill-equipped by the training institutions to appreciate the necessary comprehensive health role they would be expected to perform, especially in relation to Primary Health Care, on their eventual return to the community as medical practitioners. An assessment of the attitude and response of a group of final year medical students to the traditional basic medical and clinical disciplines revealed important deficiencies which are discussed: Suggestions are proffered for wider adoption of a community based training programme.Many aspects of Primary Health Care call for a complete revision of approach, emphasis and mental attitudes in medical education. This appears to be a pre-requisite for the promotion of total health involving all elements (i.e. favorable biological, social and physical environment) in the improvement of the general health status of the community. However, the training of medical students is still, in the main, hospital based, with a relatively insignificant clinical exposure in the community setting. Consequently, medical students have been ill-equipped by the training institutions to appreciate the necessary comprehensive health role they would be expected to perform, especially in relation to Primary Health Care, on their eventual return to the community as medical practitioners. An assessment of the attitude and response of a group of final year medical students to the traditional basic medical and clinical disciplines revealed important deficiencies. Suggestions are offered for wider adoption of a community-based training programme.
openalex: W2293527295 mag: 2293527295
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Teaching Zimbabwean Medical Students an Awareness of Hidden Psychological Disorder in an Urban Outpatient Setting - Williams, Harold W.; Reeler, A.P. (Tropical Doctor, 1989)
A one-week attachment to an urban primary health care clinic was introduced into the eight-week psychiatric teaching block for fourth (penultimate) year medical students at the University of Zimbabwe. Its objective was to alert students to underlying psychological disorder in patients presenting, at primary health care level, with physical symptomatology. Students were required to screen patients using a 20-item questionnaire, take a psychosocial history of all high-scoring patients, and make one home visit. The attachment proved both popular and valuable, and it is anticipated that this will now become an integral part of the psychiatric teaching block.
openalex: W2412274210 mag: 2412274210
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AIDS Education Is Found To Improve Condom Use By Prostitutes in Kenya (International family planning perspectives, 1989)
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Drought‐deciduous woodland in Kora National Reserve, Kenya - Agnew, A. D. Q.; Waterman, Peter G. (African Journal of Ecology, 1989)
Summary This contribution to our knowledge of the plant ecology of Kenyan drought-deciduous woodland continues a study undertaken in 1983. (i) A detailed report on the woodland floor is presented, partitioning the litter types into undisturbed, game trails and bare soil, so that the importance of plants and animals in maintaining litter can be better envisaged. (ii) The Acacia-Commiphora woodland on the basement-derived soils, which may be considered a typical facies of such woodland types, is further analysed floristically. (iii) Some data of establishment and growth are used to suggest insights into the demography of many species. (iv) Finally, the stability and status of the woodland is discussed. Résumé Cette contribution à la connaissance de l'écologie végétale d'une forêt sclérophylle décidue au Kenya prolonge une étude entreprise en 1983. (i) On présente un rapport détaillé sur l'étage du sol en distinguant les types de litiéres: non dearangée, piste d'animal, sol nu, de façon a mettre en évidence Pimportance des plantes et des animaux sur le maintien du sol. (ii) La forêt a Acacia-Commiphora sur les sols primitifs, qui peut être considérée comme l'exemple type de ce genre de forêt, est davantage analysée au point de vue floristique. (iii) Quelques données concernant la genèse et la croissance servent à suggérer un apercu de la démographie de nombreuses espèces. (iv) La stabilityé et le statut de cette forêt sont discutés.
openalex: W2080416550 mag: 2080416550
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