Communication training for self-reliance in Black Africa: Challenges and strategies - Domatob, Jerry Komia (Gazette, 1987)
This paper critically evaluates the various conceptions of selfreliance in Black Africa. It identifies some factors that may promote or hinder the realization of self-reliance in mass communication training. Observing that much of the educational philosophy and many curricula used in Black Africa's mass communication training are a colonical legacy, the author recommends that training should not just revamp such philosophies and curricula, but initiate a new, development-oriented outlook.
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Mortality from burns and Scalds in Children: A ten-Year Study in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. - Evbuomwan, I (1987)
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Syrian Arab Republic Nutrition Health Education Programme for primary school children. - Ha, Burhani (PubMed, 1987)
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Cotton insect pest management on small scale farms in Zambia—II. Training and sources of advice - Iqbal, Javaid; Zulu, J. N.; Matthews, Graham; Norton, G. A. (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1987)
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ACCESS TO LEGAL EDUCATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA - Kaburise, J.B.K. (QUT Law Review, 1987)
Access to legal education in Papua New Guinea is currently the topic of considerable debate. The issue has been pressed into relief by the PNG Government's decision to effect a substantial reduction in funding for tertiary education, and to re-direct the resultant savings into the pre-tertiary level and other revenue-generating sectors of the economy. The decision has compelled education planners to begin to cast critical eyes at the different programmes offered at the tertiary educational level. In a circular dated 14 February, 1986 the Papua New Guinea Commission for Higher Education stated that '(t)he Medium Term Development Plan affirms the government's adoption of a manpower-planning approach to educational provision.'
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University training of entomologists, especially taxonomists in tropical Africa - Kumar, Rashika Saroshma (International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1987)
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Aftershocks of the 13 December 1982 North Yemen earthquake: Conjugate normal faulting in an extensional setting - Langer, C. J.; Bollinger, G. A.; Merghelani, Habib M. (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1987)
Abstract The North Yemen epicentral locale in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula is 200 to 300 km landward from the active rifting of the Red Sea and Sea of Aden. The magnitude 6.0 (MS and mb) main shock of 13 December 1982 locally caused considerable death, injury, and damage and was followed by an extensive aftershock sequence. A 12-day study employing a 10-station portable seismograph network was conducted between 29 December 1982 and 9 January 1983. Hypocentral locations were determined for 230 shocks selected from the thousands of recorded events (duration magnitudes between 1.8 and 4.6). These aftershocks define a source volume that is roughly 20 × 20 × 10 km. From that volume, about half (∼110) of only the best-constrained hypocenters with depths greater than 3 km were selected for detailed analysis. The 110 aftershock data set was divided into subsets according to geographic position (northern and southern) and temporal sequencing (a distinct aftershock sequence late in the monitoring period). A series of composite focal mechanisms show the aftershocks are dip-slip faulting (normal) on planes with north-northwest to northwest strikes and with dips that are variable in amount (∼30° to ∼80°) and direction (southwest and northeast). The strike and extensional nature of these composite focal mechanism solutions are in good agreement with the main shock focal mechanisms, the surficial and bedrock geology of the epicentral area, and the linear surface cracks observed in the field there following the December main shock. We interpret the spatial distribution of our results to describe conjugate faulting episodes associated with north-northwest striking faults.
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Microcomputers in education: A Kenyan experience - Makau, B.M.; Wray, Brian F. (PROSPECTS, 1987)
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Meddling with the Mind: The Treatment of San Hunter-Gatherers and the Origins of South Africa's Black Population in Recent South African School History Textbooks - Mazel, Aron; Stewart, Polly (South African Archaeological Bulletin, 1987)
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Drought and recovery: Livestock dynamics among the Ngisonyoka Turkana of Kenya - McCabe, J. Terrence (Human Ecology, 1987)
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Where is higher education in Francophone West Africa heading? - Oliveira, João Batista Araújo e (PROSPECTS, 1987)
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The perceived effect of management education on the indigenization of selected Nigerian multinational corporations - Oshunkentan, Samson Oladele (1987)
The problem of this research concerned the perceived effect of management education on the indigenization of selected multinational corporations in Nigeria. The related purposes of the investigation were to analyze data from the respondents in multinational corporations, higher educational institutions and government parastatals to identify the differences and similarities that existed between the perceptions of general managers, managing directors, management educators, government officials, and final-year business administration students. Four areas addressed in the inquiry were to: identify the management training objectives for Nigerian higher education institutions, determine the perceived effect of management education on the indigenization of selected Nigerian multinational corporations, ascertain the increased number of Nigerians who assumed management positions between 1973 and 1984, and examine the perceived effect of management education on the job performance of the management education graduates.
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Acquisition of the same/different concept by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Learning with respect to categories of color, shape, and material - Pepperberg, Irene M. (Animal learning & behavior, 1987)
An African Grey parrot, previously taught to use vocal English labels to discriminate more than 80 different objects and to respond to questions concerning categorical concepts of color and shape, was trained and tested on relational concepts ofsame anddifferent. The subject, Alex, replied with the correct English categorical label (“color,” “shape,” or “mah-mah” [matter]) when asked “What’s same?” or “What’s different?” about pairs of objects that varied with respect to any combination of attributes. His accuracy was 69.7%–76.6% for pairs of familiar objects not used in training and 82.3%–85% for pairs involving objects whose combinations of colors, shapes, and materials were unfamiliar. Additional trials demonstrated that his responses were based upon the question being posed as well as the attributes of the objects. These findings are discussed in terms of his comprehension of the categories of color, shape, and material and as evidence of his competence in an exceptional (non-species-specific) communication code.
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Surface effects and tectonic setting of the 13 December 1982 North Yemen earthquake - Plafker, George; Agar, R.A.; Asker, A. H.; Hanif, Muhammad (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1987)
Abstract The North Yemen earthquake (Mb = 6.0) of 13 December 1982 is the first earthquake in the southern Arabian Peninsula known to be accompanied by surface displacements. The extensive destruction and loss of lives resulted entirely from widespread collapse of unreinforced masonry and mud brick structures; maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was probably VII to VIII. The only surface manifestation of tectonic activity was the occurrence of earthquake-related extensional ground cracks in the epicentral region. The cracks occur mainly in four relatively continuous north- to northwest-trending linear zones that range from a few hundred meters to 15 km in length and in irregular areas of polygonal extension cracks. The area within which the cracks occur is 22.5 km long by about 10 km wide. Continued dilation across some cracks was measured almost 1 month after the main shock. Seismicity and active volcanism in this region are inferred to reflect slow extension of the southwestern margin of the Arabia plate perpendicular to the Red Sea spreading axis.
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Limnological studies on the Nozha Hydrodrome, Egypt, with special reference to the problems of pollution - Saad, Massoud A. H. (Science of The Total Environment, 1987)
Abstract Water samples were collected in the different seasons during the period 1979–1981 from the Nozha Hydrodrome, Egypt, a small shallow lake receiving polluted Nile water, to gain information on the environmental conditions, nutrient contents, levels of trace metals and their possible variations in relation to pollution effects. The accumulation of trace metals in the lake sediments and in different tissues of the common fish, Tilapia species, was also investigated. During the study period, values for each of the parameters investigated generally gave a wide range of variability. The highest seasonal average air and water temperatures were recorded in July and the lowest values in January; the water temperature usually followed the pattern of the air temperature. The maximum seasonal average chlorosity in July is due to an increase in the rate of evaporation. The highest seasonal average for dissolved oxygen (DO) in January coincided mainly with a decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption associated with a drop in temperature and the continual mixing of the lake by wind action. The minimum regional averages of Secchi disc and chlorosity, as well as the lower regional average values of pH and DO in the supply canal reflect the turbidity and nature of the polluted feed Nile water. The seasonal changes of nutrients in the Hydrodrome are mostly influenced by their allochthonous input, and their main source is the supply of polluted Nile water, which first affects the inlet region. The high concentrations of inorganic nitrogenous and phosphate salts in the feed water are due to the discharge of untreated sewage and industrial wastes, as well as agricultural run-off into the water source of the Hydrodrome (Mahmoudia Canal). The nitrite produced in the lake is principally from nitrification of ammonia. The autochthonous supply of nitrate and phosphate is mainly from the decay of phytoplankton and subsequent release from lake sediments. The increase in silicate coincided principally with dissolution of diatom frustules. It appears that phytoplankton represents the main factor responsible for decreasing the concentrations of nutrients in the Hydrodrome. The seasonal variations of trace metals in the Hydrodrome are attributed to both external and internal effects. The former reflects the impact of man on the water source of the Hydrodrome, whereas the latter represents the events which occur within this lake. The data suggest a direct relationship between the concentrations of metals in the lake water and their concentrations in Tilapia fish. The data illustrate the ability of fish to absorb high levels of heavy metals and the ability of the lake sediments to accumulate these metals relative to those found in the lake water and the fish. In general, iron showed the highest mean values in the lake water, sediments and fish, whereas cadmium was present in the lowest concentrations. Comparison between the annual average value of each parameter in the present study and the corresponding value for the study of the heavily polluted Lake Mariut during the same period, as well as the comparison between the annual averages of nutrients and trace metals in the Hydrodrome and those in the predominantly clean Damietta branch of the Nile, provided evidence for the amount of pollution occurring in the study area.
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Evaluation Plans for the Junior Secondary Curriculum and Management Activities of the Botswana Ministry of Education. - Snyder, Conrad W. (1987)
Information on evaluation planning for the Community Junior Secondary School (CJSS) system in Botswana is presented in this monograph. The papers were used within the Ministry of Education's Department of Curriculum Development and Evaluation as part of the Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project (JSEIP). The first two chapters describe the participative and argumentative orientation of the evaluation plans. Chapter 3 outlines the mechanism recommended to conduct the evaluation activities, the Evaluation Task Force, and a general plan to begin the process. The proposed tasks and procedures of the Task Force are specified in the fourth chapter. Chapter 5 presents the plans for the continuation of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) testing. The sixth chapter addresses the plans for formative evaluation of the new materials and their dissemination. The final chapter presents the plans for a National Curriculum Consultative Conference Series to promote further dialogue and exchange between the Ministry of Education and its stakeholders. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be mace from the original document. ********************************************************************
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Food acquisition during the African drought of 1983–1984: A study of Kenyan herders - Sperling, Louise (Disasters, 1987)
In 1983 and 1984, drought spread across the northern rangelands of Kenya and herders in lowland Samburu lost substantial portions of their livestock. Food aid arrived when 50 to 75% of the cattle had already died, and after poorer pastoralists were hungry enough to sell their remaining productive animals. No pastoralists died of the immediate effects of the drought, but many were so impoverished that their longer‐term prospects for remaining as herders look dim. This essay discusses the timing and content of famine relief as it applies both to Samburu and other food‐stressed areas. It focuses on the process of food acquisition during the northern Kenyan drought itself. The more “indigenous” food strategies of herding, hunting and gathering offered limited benefits. Equally, however, commercial channels for procuring food proved inadequate. Herders could not reliably sell animals to obtain cash for purchased food, nor were the grain and sugar staples always available even when cash was on hand. Lacking means to provide for themselves, Samburu came to depend on varied kinds of handouts.
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Lower crustal granulite xenoliths in carbonatite volcanoes of the Western Rift of East Africa - Thomas, Cassie; Nixon, P.H. (Mineralogical Magazine, 1987)
Abstract Sporadic small garnet granulite and two-pyroxene granulite xenoliths found in the carbonatite tuffs and lavas near Fort Portal, South West Uganda, are chiefly silica-saturated and rich in Al 2 O 3 (> 20 wt. %) and Na 2 O ( c. 2 to 4 wt. %). Three REE patterns are distinguished: LREE enriched— HREE depleted with a positive Eu anomaly; LREE depleted— HREE relatively enriched and flat; and LREE slightly enriched with a very weak Eu anomaly and high overall REE . The xenoliths are considered to represent original basaltic melts and fractional crystallisation products, varying with the dominance of the clinopyroxene, plagioclase or olivine crystallising phase. It is thought that REE abundances were established before metamorphism. The clinopyroxenes are low-jadeitic augites, the orthopyroxenes, aluminous hypersthenes and the garnets, pyrope-almandine with constant grossularite. Plagioclase varies with increasing metamorphic grade from labradorite to andesine-oligoclase. Scapolite (meionite), alkali-feldspar, quartz, mica, amphibole, rutile and apatite are minor phases and some appear to be metasomatic. Calculated temperatures of metamorphic equilibration range from 580 to 800°C at pressures > 4 kbar for the two-pyroxene granulites and > 6 kbar for the garnet granulites. A known geophysical discontinuity marking a density change at 16 km in the Western Rift may be due to the presence of two-pyroxene granulite, calculated to become garnet-bearing at depths greater than 23 km. The absence of proven omphacite-bearing eclogite xenoliths (with no plagioclase) indicates that the greatest depth of crustal sampling by the carbonatite in the Fort Portal field is about 25 km which could be the depth of the Moho in this area.
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Aspects of the non-formal fromotion of science education in the Eastern Cape, South Africa - Webb, Paul (Research in Science Education, 1987)
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The Training of South African Psychologists: Summary of Findings of the PASA Council Committee for Training - Westhuyzen, T.W. Bodley van der; Plug, Cornelis (South African Journal of Psychology, 1987)
During 1985 the Psychological Association of South Africa (PASA) created a Council Committee for Training to investigate various aspects of the training of professional psychologists in South Africa. A summary of the Committee's report is presented here. The investigation included a questionnaire survey of relevant university departments and intern training institutions to establish current training practices and problems. Recommendations include the establishment of a non-binding system of exchange of specialists between training institutions, revision of the internship requirements for several registration categories, the establishment of directed Master's programmes in Research Psychology, and the approval of part-time internships. Most of the recommendations are presently being implemented or investigated further.
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Points: Should medical students go to South Africa? - Tordoff, S. G.; Hasselt, James D van; Dall, G; Leary, W. P.; Wainwright, E; Bocking, Lisa; Gallop, Eve; Joyce, K. M.; Atkins, Maria (The BMJ, 1987)
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Should medical students go to South Africa - Tordoff, SG; van, JD Hasselt; Dall, G; Leary, WP; Wainwright, E; Bocking, Lisa; Gallop, Eve; Joyce, Kimberly; Atkins, Marc S. (The BMJ, 1987)
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Learning strategies for post-literacy and continuing education in Algeria, Egypt and Kuwait - Davé, Vrushank; Ravindrakumar, H; Ouane; Adama; Ranaweera; Mahinda, A. (1987)
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Barker, Anthony; Barker, Margaret (The BMJ, 1987)
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Training surgeons to meet the surgical needs of Africa. - Davies, Michael (BMJ. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1987)
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Smythe, P. M. (The BMJ, 1987)
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Distance education at the University of Zambia (Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 1987)
"Distance education at the University of Zambia." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2(3), pp. 39–40
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The modular teacher training programme, Ghana (Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 1987)
"The modular teacher training programme, Ghana." Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2(3), pp. 50–51
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Volcanic cycles and magmatic evolution in northern Turkana (Kenya) - Bellieni, G.; Visentin, E. Justin; Piccirillo, E. M.; Zanettin, Bruno (Tectonophysics, 1987)
Many volcanic and tectonic episodes occurred in northern Turkana between 33 and 7 Ma. Geochemistry and mineralogy reveal contrasting magma variations for the volcanics which erupted during Oligocene-Miocene time. The oldest volcanism (Turkana basalts), linked to the development of the Ethiopian “dome”, began with the emission of subalkaline basalts of “transitional” character, and ended with alkali basalts, hawaiites and mugearites. The subsequent cycle, linked to the Kenyan “dome”, includes volcanic episodes which are chronologically and structurally clearly distinct. Between 26 and 19 Ma a basanite to phonolite suite was emitted (Lodwar Formation). Later, about 15 m.y. ago (Lothidok Formation) and 7 m.y. ago (Lokwakangole Formation), there was reversion in basalts of a subalkaline, transitional composition. These last two episodes were connected with distinct stages of the formation of the Kenyan rift.
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Energy intake, expenditure and pattern of daily activity of Nigerian male students - Cole, A. H.; Ogbe, Joseph O. (British Journal of Nutrition, 1987)
1. Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian male students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and expenditure and pattern of their daily activities. 2. The mean age (years) of the group was 24.0 (SD 3.23, range 20-30), mean height (m) 1.71 (SD 0.06, range 1.61-1.84) and body-weight (kg) was 61.1 (SD 5.01, range 51.0-69.5). 3. The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing and its energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Patterns of daily activities were recorded and the energy costs of representative activities were determined by indirect calorimetry. 4. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean 580 (SD 167, range 394-732) min/d. Sleeping and standing activities took a mean of 445 (SD 112) and 115 (SD 75) min/d respectively. Personal domestic activities took a mean of 94 (SD 40) min/d. 5. The mean energy intake of the group was 11,182 (SD 1970) kJ/d or 183 (SD 32) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than the 12.5 MJ/d recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for an adult man engaged in moderate activities, but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 10.8 MJ/d for a male office clerk (light activity). It is also lower than the recommended energy requirement of 11.6 MJ/d for a subsistence farmer (moderately active work) (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985). 6. The mean energy expenditure of the male subjects was 9876 (SD 1064, range 7159-12,259) kJ/d and was lower than mean intake. 7. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the groups participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is an indication that the Nigerian male students expended less but probably consumed more energy than required. It is suggested for health reasons and for mental fitness that the Nigerian male students might undertake more physical exercise.
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The Political Economy of Colonial Education: Mozambique, 1930-1975 - Cross, Michael (Comparative Education Review, 1987)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFocus on AfricaThe Political Economy of Colonial Education: Mozambique, 1930-1975Michael CrossMichael Cross Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 31, Number 4Nov., 1987 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446716 Views: 44Total views on this site Citations: 11Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Marlino Eugénio Mubai The unintended consequences of liberalization and austerity on higher education in Mozambique, Africa 91, no.44 (Aug 2021): 602–619.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972021000437Megan Stewart Micro-Foundations of the Vanguard: The Origins of Revolutionary Leftist Rebel Groups, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2020).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555174Gloria Chuku Colonialism and African Womanhood, (Jan 2018): 171–211.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_7Mário Machaqueiro Ambivalent Islam: the identity construction of Muslims under Portuguese colonial rule, Social Identities 18, no.11 (Dec 2011): 39–63.https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2012.629512Sudhir Chella Rajan Poor little rich countries: another look at the ‘resource curse’, Environmental Politics 20, no.55 (Sep 2011): 617–632.https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2011.608530Christian Groes-Green Orgies of the moment: Bataille’s anthropology of transgression and the defiance of danger in post-socialist Mozambique, Anthropological Theory 10, no.44 (Dec 2010): 385–407.https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499610386662Christian Groes-Green Health discourse, sexual slang and ideological contradictions among Mozambican youth: implications for method, Culture, Health & Sexuality 11, no.66 (Aug 2009): 655–668.https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050903040188Christian Groes-Green Safe sex pioneers: class identity, peer education and emerging masculinities among youth in Mozambique, Sexual Health 6, no.33 (Jan 2009): 233.https://doi.org/10.1071/SH09021Antoinette Errante But Sometimes You're Not Part of the Story: Oral Histories and Ways of Remembering and Telling, Educational Researcher 29, no.22 (Jul 2016): 16–27.https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X029002016João Carlos Paulo Education coloniale et “école portugaise” (1926–1946), Paedagogica Historica 31, no.sup1sup1 (May 2015): 115–135.https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.1995.11434841Antoinette Errante Growing Up Assimilating: An Oral History of Colonial Missionary Education in Mozambique, Paedagogica Historica 31, no.sup1sup1 (May 2015): 213–231.https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.1995.11434846
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Family life education in Botswana. - Dynowski, M (1987)
Recognizing family life education as an essential 1st step toward reducing teenage pregnancies in Botswana it has been introduced into the standard 7 syllabus. At present it is optional. Efforts are being made to train teachers and in 1985 25 primary teacher tutors and education officers were trained in family life education. The topic is being introduced into the teachers curriculum. Family life education topics are now included in the integrated science syllabus for junior secondary schools. Again most teachers are unprepared to teach family life education as such. In terms of the out-of-school youth nongovernmental organizations are realizing the value of their involvement with family life education but much more could be done. As 85% of teenage girls are sexually active by age 19 and 18% by age 15 teachers health workers and social workers in each community must get involved as well as parents. Politicians chiefs and other community leaders need to be persuaded to provide their full support.
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The Teaching of Undergraduate Orthodontics in Nigeria - Isiekwe, M (British journal of orthodontics, 1987)
A description is given of the teaching of Orthodontics to Undergraduate Dental Students in Nigeria over the last 15 years. The advantages of a change in Orthodontic curriculum at the University of Lagos Dental School are highlighted. The importance of having at least one full-time Orthodontist, in each Nigeirian dental school, is emphasized.
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The role of legal education in a changed south african society: an outsider's reflections - Kaburise, J.B.K. (Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 1987)
The role of legal education in a changed South African society is going to be both important and multifaceted. The ingenuity of legal educators (and that of the legal profession as a whole) will be required to devise the fundamental restructuring of administrative units that change will entail. The burden shall be to actively challenge the notion that legal education is, or should be, aimed at producing persons destined solely for legal practice. The consequent increase in the demand for a legal education will place a great strain on the resources available to legal educators. The traditional mode of providing a legal education, may need re-examination, with perhaps a greater emphasis on distance teaching of law. Even in relation to our role as trainers of students destined for legal practice, we shall need to devise new approaches to legal education that will result in the production of well-rounded educated persons. Whatever the outcome, the experience of Papua New Guinea suggests that the resultant law reforming activity needs to be sustained.
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Education in Egypt. Judith Cochran - Massialas, Byron G. (Comparative education review, 1987)
Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsEducation in Egypt. Judith Cochran Byron G. MassialasByron G. Massialas Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 31, Number 4Nov., 1987 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446724 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1987 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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Factors affecting girls' learning of mathematics in Sudan - Pollitt, A. B.; Searl, J. W.; Sheikh, Aziz (Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1987)
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Modiolar microexostoses with neural impingement and hearing loss in guinea pigs - Strauss, Melvin; Towfighi, Javad (American Journal of Otolaryngology, 1987)
Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from auditory nerve impingement due to temporal bone abnormalities may occur in patients with osteitis deformans, osteopetrosis, other osseous abiodystrophies, and aging. In experimental animals, vitamin A deficiency and normal aging may result in temporal bone abnormalities; however, these bony changes have not been associated with sensorineural hearing loss. In assessing 27 Hartley guinea pigs prior to ototoxicity studies, two 33-week-old female animals, when tested for Pryer reflex and brainstem auditory-evoked responses, were found to have severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Histologic studies of temporal bones from these animals showed marked abnormalities. The cochleas demonstrated accumulations of osteoid and newly formed bone in the modioli that extended along the osseous spiral laminae with irregular bony projections appearing as microexostoses, which at times bulged into the scala tympani and involved the basilar membrane. There was also neuronal depopulation and decreased dendrites associated with the bony impingement. The findings in these guinea pigs suggest a familial disease characterized by abnormal bone formation in the cochlea resulting in neural impingement and sensorineural deafness.
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Wreck of juvenile blackbrowed albatrosses on the west coast of South Africa during storm weather - Ryan, P.A. (Ostrich, 1987)
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Training doctors and surgeons to meet the surgical needs of Africa - Kalla, G N (The BMJ, 1987)
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Training intellectuals for independence: The case of Southern Africa - Mkandhla, S. (1987)
International Seminar Series. Seminar On Intellectuals, The State And Imperialism: Towards Intellectual Decolonisation. Harare 20-22 October 1987.
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Baigrie, T Q (BMJ. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1987)
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Bruce-Chwatt, Andrew J (BMJ. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1987)
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Gatenby, Robin (The BMJ, 1987)
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A Community-Based Health Education Analysis of an Infectious Disease Control Program in Nigeria - Adeyanju, Oluwafunmito (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 1987)
This descriptive study utilized the strategy of primary health care in program development-especially a community-based health education intervention approach-in the control of guinea-worm in rural communities of Nigeria. Two closely related rural communities in two states served as target groups. Committee system approach, nominal group process, interview methods, audio-visual aids, and health care volunteer trainingship were the educational strategies employed in a control and experimental set up. The PRECEDE model was applied in the analysis. Results show a significant control action on guinea-worm infestation in the experimental community and a tremendous achievement in preventive health education interventions through organized community participation/involvement and ultimate self-reliance and individual responsibility. A positive increase in health knowledge and attitude examined through interview method, and observable changes in health behavior were noticed. Wells were provided, drinking water treated, while personal and community health promotion strategies were encouraged by all. The study has shown the effectiveness/efficacy of a community-based effort facilitated by a health educator.
openalex: W2102294773 mag: 2102294773
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The Constantine (northeast Algeria) earthquake of October 27, 1985: surface ruptures and aftershock study - Bounif, A.; Haessler, H.; Meghraoui, Mustapha (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1987)
An earthquake of magnitude Ms = 6.0 (CSEM, Strasbourg) occurred at Constantine (Algeria) on 27 October 1985. This seismic event is the strongest felt in the Tellian Atlas since the El Asnam seismic crisis of October 10, 1980. A team from the Centre de Recherche d'Astronomie, d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique (CRAAG, Algeria), utilising 8 portable stations, registered the activity a few days after the main shock. The aftershocks follow a N045° direction, and show the existence of three ruptured segments. Cross sections display a remarkable vertical fault plane and suggest asperities in the rupture process. Surface breaks were found affecting Quaternary deposits. The principal segment is about 3.8 km long showing “enéchelon” cracks with left-lateral displacement while the main direction of the rupture is N055°. Although the vertical motion is small, the northwestern block shows a normal component of the main surface faulting, while the left-lateral displacement is about 10 cm. The strike-slip focal mechanism solution determined from the global seismic network and field observations are in good agreement.
openalex: W2020463389 mag: 2020463389
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The influence of culture on pupils’ questioning habits in Nigerian secondary schools - Buseri, John Cecil (International Journal of Science Education, 1987)
The influence of cultural heritage on secondary school pupils in Nigeria has so far not been adequately explored especially as it affects the habit of questioning which encourages effective classroom interaction. For this reason, 12 science lessons were audio‐recorded, transcribed and the questions asked by the pupils and their teachers’ responses were isolated. Analysis of the questions and the teachers’ responses, showed the questions to be quite probing. Also, it was realized that the teachers did very little to encourage pupils to question and this has been attributed to cultural inhibitions derived from home or peer groups.
openalex: W1977344196 mag: 1977344196
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[Cooperation in education and medicine between Algeria and Czechoslovakia]. - Chynoranský, M (PubMed, 1987)
openalex: W2395801027 mag: 2395801027
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Geochemistry and origin of late archean volcanic rocks from the rhenosterhoek formation, dominion group, South Africa - Crow, Clay; Condie, Kent C. (Precambrian Research, 1987)
The Rhenosterhoek Formation, composed chiefly of subaerial volcanic rocks, is part of the Dominion Group (∼ 2.8 Ga) which rests unconformably on older continental crust in South Africa. Chemical compositions of volcanic rocks from three drillcores of this formation do not show systematic differences either between or within cores. Major and immobile trace-element contents indicate that the volcanics are basaltic andesites and andesites with calc-alkaline affinities. Incompatible trace-element distributions are similar to those of modern andesites from evolved island arcs or continental-margin arcs. Geochemical modeling indicates that the basaltic andesites and andesites can be produced by open-system fractional crystallization with olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase as principal liquidus phases. Up to 10% contamination with continental crust is also allowed by the data. This succession does not appear to have formed in an oceanic or in a continental-margin arc, but may have formed adjacent to a continental-margin arc system in an incipient foreland basin on the Kaapvaal Craton.
openalex: W2082056527 mag: 2082056527
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Etiology of Dermatophytoses amongst School Children in Cross River State of Nigeria/Die ätiologie der Dermatophytosen an Schulkindern im Cross River State, Nigeria - Ekanem, L. S.; Gugnani, H. C. (Mycoses, 1987)
Summary: A school survey of dermatophytoses was carried out during the period 1984–1985. A total of 2 353 primary school children aged 4–16 years were screened. Out of these, 133 were proved to be mycologically positive by microscopy and/or culture. Incidence was significantly higher in young children aged 4–6 years (4.6%) and 7–11 years (6.9%) than in older children 12–16 years (3.5 %). There was no significant difference in the incidence of dermatophytoses amongst children in the urban and rural areas (p < 0.05). Tineas capitis was the predominant clinical type followed by tinea corporis. Tinea unguium and tinea pedis were rarely encountered. Trichophyton soudanense was the most prevalent etiological agent (54.7%), followed by T. tonsurans (31.6%) and Microsporum audouinii (11.6%). Other species recovered included one isolate each of T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. Zusammenfassung: Im Zeitraum 1984 bis 1985 wurde eine Schuluntersuchung über Dermatophytosen durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 2353 Volksschulkinder im Alter zwischen 4 und 16 Jahren untersucht. 133 unter ihnen erwiesen sich mikroskopisch und/oder kulturell als mykologisch positiv. Die Inzidenz war bei den 4–6 jährigen mit 4,6% und den 7–11 jährigen mit 6,9 % signifikant höher als bei den 12–16 jährigen mit 3,5%. Ein signifikanter Unterschied in der Dermatophytose‐Häufigkeit zwischen Stadt‐ und Landkindern wurde nicht gefunden. Als klinisches Krankheitsbild dominierte Tinea capitis, gefolgt von Tinea corporis. Tinea unguium und Tinea pedis wurden selten gefunden. Trichophyton soudanense war der vorherrschende Erreger (54,7%), gefolgt von T. tonsurans (31,6%) und Microsporum audouinii (11,6%). Darüber hinaus wurde je ein Isolat von T. mentagrophytes und M. gypseum gefunden.
openalex: W2037807667 mag: 2037807667
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Screening for Urinary Tract Infections in Asymptomatic Elementary School Children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Elegbe, I.; Elegbe, I.; Amusan, Kole Omotayo (Journal of tropical pediatrics (1980), 1987)
The incidence and distribution of micro-organisms commonly associated with urinary tract infections were studied in three groups of primary schools belonging to two different economic and social background in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Escherichia coli was predominantly recovered compared to other organisms isolated from the specimens and was closely followed by Enterobacter cloacae. The study also have established a significant relationship between bacteriuria and low socio-economal status (P<0.061).
openalex: W2078736453 mag: 2078736453
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[Manpower in Madagascar and training: evaluation of vaccination coverage by cluster sampling in a rural Malagasy environment]. - Guélain, J; Andriantseheno, R; Jc, Rasoloarison; Ducos, C; Volk; Jj, Picq (PubMed, 1987)
To assess the immunization coverage, a cluster sampling survey in Malagasy rural areas has been carried out at the occasion of an in-service training in Expanded Programme on Immunization (E.P.I.) organized for 15 Health Medical Inspectors. Leading results are: 17% of children have received B.C.G. immunization. 15% have received D.T.C. 4% have received oral poliomyelitis immunization.
openalex: W2409759791 mag: 2409759791
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Physiology teaching in Zimbabwe. - Hv, Sparks (PubMed, 1987)
openalex: W2403203884 mag: 2403203884
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Large-scale volcanic cone collapse: The 1888 slope failure of Ritter volcano, and other examples from Papua New Guinea - Johnson, R. W. (Bulletin of Volcanology, 1987)
openalex: W1996885336 mag: 1996885336
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Aftershocks and surface faulting associated with the intraplate Guinea, West Africa, earthquake of 22 December 1983 - Langer, C. J.; Bonilla, Manuel G.; Bollinger, G. A. (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1987)
Abstract This study reports on the results of geological and seismological field studies conducted following the rare occurrence of a moderate-sized West African earthquake (mb = 6.4) with associated ground breakage. The epicentral area of the northwestern Guinea earthquake of 22 December 1983 is a coastal margin, intraplate locale with a very low level of historical seismicity. The principal results include the observation that seismic faulting occurred on a preexisting fault system and that there is good agreement among the surface faulting, the spatial distribution of the aftershock hypocenters, and the composite focal mechanism solutions. We are not able, however, to shed any light on the reason(s) for the unexpected occurrence of this intraplate earthquake. Thus, the significance of this study is its contribution to the observational datum for such earthquakes and for the seismicity of West Africa. The main shock was associated with at least 9 km of surface fault-rupture. Trending east-southeast to east-west, measured fault displacements up to ∼13 cm were predominantly right-lateral strike slip and were accompanied by an additional component (5 to 7 cm) of vertical movement, southwest side down. The surface faulting occurred on a preexisting fault whose field characteristics suggest a low slip rate with very infrequent earthquakes. There were extensive rockfalls and minor liquefaction effects at distances less than 10 km from the surface faulting and main shock epicenter. Main shock focal mechanism solutions derived from teleseismic data by other workers show a strong component of normal faulting motion that was not observed in the ground ruptures. A 15-day period of aftershock monitoring, commencing 22 days after the main shock, was conducted. Eleven portable, analog short-period vertical seismographs were deployed in a network with an aperture of 25 km and an average station spacing of 7 km. Ninety-five aftershocks were located from the more than 200 recorded events with duration magnitudes of about 1.5 or greater. Analysis of a selected subset (91) of those events define a tabular aftershock volume (26 km long by 14 km wide by 4 km thick) trending east-southeast and dipping steeply (∼60°) to the south-southwest. Composite focal mechanisms for groups of events, distributed throughout the aftershock volume, exhibit right-lateral, strike-slip motion on subvertical planes that strike almost due east. Although the general agreement between the field geologic and seismologic results is good, our preferred interpretation is for three en-echelon faults striking almost due east-west.
openalex: W2344109014 mag: 2344109014
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Recent inflationary tilt at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, as recorded on a water-tube tiltmeter - Mori, Jim; McKee, Chris; Itikarai, Ima; Lowenstein, P. L.; Talai, B.; Patia, H. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1987)
Extrusive submarine volcanism must be influenced by magma–water interaction. In the continental areas, due to groundwater and hydrous fluids, uprising magma frequently interacts with water. The major effect of magma–water interaction is an increase in thermal energy flux and induction of a special type of magma fragmentation, i.e., phreatomagmatic fragmentation. The products of this process are typical and discriminative: angular, blocky particles with diameters between 30 and 130 μm, and peculiar surface textures. Intensities of magma–water interaction strongly depend on the material and environmental parameters and on the contact dynamics. They range from mild effusion to extremely destructive explosive pulses.
openalex: W2077630018 mag: 2077630018
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Food habits and nutrient intakes of Nigerian University students in traditional halls of residence. - Nnanyelugo, D. O.; Okeke, E. C. (Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 1987)
AbstractDietary intake analysis, over 7 days, of 120 randomly selected Nigerian University students aged 17-26 years, disclosed deviations from internationally accepted standards. The students were in residence at the University, where all meals were provided. Food preferences and habits were determined by questionnaire, and nutrient intake was calculated from weighed meals eaten over a 7-day period. Food intake of 95% of the students did not differ from that at home; 73% missed breakfast. The energy intake of the men (14.79 +/− 1.49 MJ/day) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of women (13.82 +/− 0.68 MJ/day); the differences increased in the older students. The energy ingested exceeded that recommended by the FAO/WHO. Protein intakes was 95.6 +/− 20.69 g/day and 102.2 +/− 10.9 g/day for women and men, respectively, also substantially above the FAO/WHO recommendations. Thiamin and vitamin A intakes were above and riboflavin intake of men and of the 20-26-year-old women was below requirements. The intakes of iron were above, and of calcium were below the FAO recommendation of 0.5 g/day.
openalex: W1966790784 mag: 1966790784
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Multiple Handicap in Nigeria - Okoh, Grace (British journal of visual impairment, 1987)
openalex: W2053947336 mag: 2053947336
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Richardson number, vertical wind shear and storm occurrences at Kano, Nigeria - Omotosho, J. Bayo (Atmospheric Research, 1987)
Radiosonde data for thirteen summer months have been used to relate Richardson under Ri and vertical wind shear to storm occurrences at Kano. It is shown that thunderstorms occur most frequently in association with low-level shears, ΔUL, below the Africal Easterly Jet (surface to 700 mb) within −20⩽ΔUL⩽−5 ms−1 and for the 700-400 layer, ΔUm, in the range 0<ΔUm<10 m s−1. The Richardson number with which storm occurrences are most common is bi-modal in both lower and middle troposphere: −2⩽Ri⩽0 and Ri⩽ −10 in the boundary layer (surface to 900 mb); 1⩽Ri⩽4 and Ri⩾15 in the inflow region (origin) of the downdraft air between 800 and 600 mb. Storms rarely occur (one in every seven cases) if boundary layer Ri>0 and virtually no storm should be expected if the boundary layer Ri>0 and for DDR (the regional origin of down draft air) Ri satisfying 4<Ri<15 simultaneously. The lower cut-off (Ri ⩾ 1) for the inflow air is close to the value (Ri⩾2) obtained by Moncrieff and Miller (1976) for propagating tropical storms. On utilise les données de radiosondage sur 30 mois d'été afin de corréler le nombre de Richardson Ri et le cisaillement vertical de vent au développement d'orages à Kano. On montre que les orages se produisent le plus fréquemment en association avec des cisaillements compris entre −20 et −5 ms−1 en dessous du jet d'Est africain (du sol à 700 mb), et avec des cisaillements compris entre 0 et 10 m s−1 dans la couche 700-400 mb. La répartition la plus commune du nombre de Richardson en situation orageuse est bimodale, tant dans la couche troposphérique inférieure que dans la couche moyenne: −2⩽Ri⩽0 et Ri⩽−10 dans la couche limite (du sol à 900 mb); 1⩽Ri⩽4 et Ri⩾15 dans la zone d'alimentation (origine) du courant d'air descendant entre 800 et 600 mb. Pour des valeurs posiives de Ri dans la couche limite, les orages sont rares (1 cas sur 7); si en outre on a 4<Ri<15 dans la zone d'alimentation du courant descendant, le risque d'orage est pratiquement nul. La valeur de la coupure inférieure (Ri⩾1) pour l'air d'alimentation est proche de celle trouvée par Moncrieff et Miller (1976) pour des orages tropicaux migrateurs.
openalex: W2032349862 mag: 2032349862
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The role of a school library: The Kenyan experience - Otike, Japhet (International Library Review, 1987)
L'auteur degage les elements fondamentaux d'une bibliotheque scolaire ― a savoir les ressources, les utilisateurs, le personnel et l'environnement. Il identifie les facteurs responsables des mediocres performances de ces bibliotheques au Kenya
openalex: W2070673153 mag: 2070673153
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Traditional obstetrics; a Nigerian experience of a traditional birth attendant training program - Sogunro, G. Oluremi (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1987)
A survey was conducted of 150 Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) living in the peri-urban slum area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The purpose was to determine demographic characteristics as well as knowledge about midwifery practices prior to introducing a training program. The participants in the survey had volunteered for a free, 3-week training program in modern obstetrics. Information was collected by questionnaire which was read to the participants. The findings show that: (1) useful service is being rendered by the TBAs; (2) there are areas where the introduction of simple methods of aseptic technique, changes in some nutritional practices and increased knowledge on the benefits of immunization may improve the outcome for mothers and infants living in traditional societies in Nigeria. The findings serve as a guide for the development of content of TBA training programs.
openalex: W2106848672 mag: 2106848672
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Perceived Status And Direction Of Agricultural Mechanization Training Programs By Instructors In Nigerian Schools Of Agriculture - Ede, Christian C. (Journal of Agricultural Education, 1987)
openalex: W28928929 mag: 28928929
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Should medical students go to South Africa? - Coffey, Tom (The BMJ, 1987)
openalex: W1968265614 mag: 1968265614
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Training doctors and surgeons to meet the surgical needs of Africa. - Watters, David; Bayley, Angela (The BMJ, 1987)
An audit of the operations performed and the use of anaesthesia over one year at the University Teaching Hospital, two provincial hospitals, and five district or church hospitals in Zambia was carried out. The aim of the audit was to determine what proportion of operations required full surgical training and to collect information on which recommendations for training surgeons in central Africa could be based. Of the 21,245 operations performed, 18,401 (86.4%) were found not to be complex, and the procedures could be taught to non-surgeons. General anaesthesia was used often, but if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anaesthesia more necessary surgery could be performed.Existing health services cannot meet the needs of people for operations in developing countries. Most people in developing countries live in rural areas, but the facilities for performing operations and the surgeons are concentrated in the cities. The question of who should be trained and how can the trainee best be prepared to perform the range of operations required in rural Africa is addressed in this investigation. A survey of operations was carried out in 4 church hospitals, 1 district hospital, 2 provincial hospitals, and the Universtiy Teaching Hospital in Zambia. The aim was to determine what proportion of operations required full surgical training and to collect information on which recommendations for training surgeons in central Africa could be based. Of the 21,245 operations performed, 18,401 (86.4%) were found not to be complex, and the procedures could be taught to non-surgeons. General anesthesia was used often, but if more doctors were trained to give local and regional anesthesia, more necessary surgery could be performed.
openalex: W2032229178 mag: 2032229178
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Medical psychology–its growth and development in South African medical schools. - Schlebusch, Lourens; Ma, Shaohua (PubMed, 1987)
New training models and programmes in the teaching of clinical psychology associated with medically applied psychology at medical schools are developing in South Africa. However, a recent survey showed that a minimum number of full-time clinical psychologists is employed by medical schools in South Africa. How the few who are so employed fare away from their 'home base' is also explored as well as what their contributions are in such settings and in providing medical psychological services in general hospitals. These findings are discussed with reference to a developing country such as South Africa. Methods are proposed to further enhance the development of medical psychology and the effective contribution of clinical psychology to medical and related education, and its functioning as a bridge across the body-mind dichotomy within promotive and preventive healing systems.
openalex: W2281719565 mag: 2281719565
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A study on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoeas in Ohaozara local government area, Imo State, Nigeria and the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Ao, Coker; Dosunmu-Ogunbi, O; Odugbemi, T; Sa, Alabi; Sa, Macaulay (East African Medical Journal, 1987)
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Modern trends in distance education design and technology: a look at Zimbabwe and Canada - Aucoin, Robert; Zindi, Fred (1987)
It has long been established that the advantages of distance education include its cost-saving potential and flexibility. â€œOnce the initial capital outlay is made and materials produced, unit costs decrease with expansionâ€ (Fay Chung, 1992). One of the most serious obstacles to distance education for many years has been the perception on the part of traditional educators and the general public who view distance education as second rate. However, given the modern trends in distance education design and technology which now address internal efficiency and the intrinsic quality of studying at a distance, one begins to question whether there is now a shift in perception between distance systems of education and traditional ones. This paper looks at such development in Zimbabwe and Canada, two countries known for unique and successful approaches to distance education.
openalex: W1509377772 mag: 1509377772
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In Nigeria. A study to identify the knowledge and misconceptions of primary school pupils about tropical diseases. - Cb, Okafor; Stewart, Joseph L. (PubMed, 1987)
"Since health knowledge is a prerequisite of any health action, health education is seen as an essential component of any disease control programme. However for health education to be effective and relevant the prior knowledge held by the learners must be assessed and information so obtained used in the planning and implementation of the health education programme."
openalex: W2426761910 mag: 2426761910
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A study on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoeas in Ohaozara local government area, Imo State, Nigeria and the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. - Coker, A O; Dosunmu-Ogunbi, O; Odugbemi, T; Alabi, S A; Macaulay, S A (PubMed, 1987)
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School psychology in Ghana - Danquah, Samuel A. (Journal of School Psychology, 1987)
Abstract The nature of school psychology programs and practices in Ghana are described, beginning with the historical development of these practices during the period 1529–1971. Information on the years 1972–1979, based on the author's clinical experiences and research as well as a review of the relevant literature, serves as the basis for a comparative analysis of past and contemporary school psychology practices. Particular emphasis has been placed on students' mental health, the roles of pastoral (church-connected) counselors, and the nontraditional roles of classroom teachers. Discussion includes an examination of the system of school administration, professional education of teachers and psychologists, and the services they provide.
openalex: W2027512046 mag: 2027512046
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The incidence of candidiasis amongst the asymptomatic female students of the University of Jos, Nigeria - Enweani, Ifeoma Bessie; Ogbonna, C; Kozak, Witold (Mycopathologia, 1987)
openalex: W2072743177 mag: 2072743177
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My student elective: ‘Serving god and the people in Zambia’ - Mann, Richard G. (Public Health, 1987)
My elective was spent at Chikankata Hospital which is a 240 bed rural Mission Hospital located in the Southern Province of Zambia, It lies 130 miles south-east of the country's capital Lusaka, an hour's drive from the nearest larmac road, and towards Lake Kariba and the border with Zimbabwe. Tile hospital is administered by the Salvation Army and is now well established, having been founded in 1943 19 years after the Salvation Army lirst entered Zambia (then Northern Rhodesia) (Figure I), The surrounding countryside is Savannah Plains, with a range of hills some 300 feet high forming a back drop in the north. The local people belong to the Tonga tribe. This group holds influence throughout Zambia's Southern Province. They are largely subsistence farmers reliant on their main crops maize and sunflower. The crops are precious and are protected from two prcdators, foraging baboons from the hills and 'evil Spirits'. To defend against these threats the people stand guard and place charms in the fields.
openalex: W1977923068 mag: 1977923068
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Designing school dental health programmes in South Africa. - Mj, Rudolph; Gilbert, L (PubMed, 1987)
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The New 8.4.4. Education System and Its Implications for Educational Policy and Practice in Kenya - Mulunga, Charles John Indongole (1987)
At the end of 1984 Kenya launched a new education system designated as 8.4.4. since it provided for 8 years of primary education followed by 4 of secondary and, for some, 4 years of post-secondary education. The country abolished forms five and six, in the secondary cycle, which had been in operation since 1961, extended primary education from seven to eight years and restructured the curriculum in primary, secondary, technical and university education. These reforms were aimed at: a) Increasing access to primary education for all children of school age; b) Solving unemployment problems through introduction of prevocational courses in the primary schools to equip primary school leavers with relevant skills for self and wage employment; c) Making secondary education terminal by diversifying the secondary school curriculum through the teaching of vocational courses in Industrial, Commercial and Agricultural subjects; d) Expanding post-school training programmes for primary and secondary school leavers; e) Improving quality at all levels of the education system; and f) Ensuring equitable distribution of educational resources. As similar reforms have been tried out in other developing Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America the Kenya reforms are examined in the context of some of these experiences in two countries: Tanzania and Zambia in Sub-Saharan Africa and in the context of the current policies and practices in Kenya itself and the implications of the reforms highlighted. The study is divided into two parts. Part One examines the basic issues in curriculum reforms in developing countries while part two examines the implications and relevance of these issues to educational practice and policy in Kenya. In Part One, Chapter One discusses theories of educational reforms and expansion of education in Sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to the human capital theory. Chapter Two introduces the historical development of curriculum reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa which led to structural changes in education systems and discusses the finance and cost implications of educational programmes, equity, quality, curricula and examinations based on the experiences gained from educational reforms in Third World Countries. Kenya reforms are discussed in detail in Chapter Three while the reform experiences in Tanzania and Zambia are discussed in Chapter Four. Kenya and Tanzania share a historical past, use the same top- down model of education reforms but operate on two opposite ideological leanings, which makes the approaches to educational reforms striking. Chapter Five deals with internal efficiency of the new educational system; school quality and inequality are handled together with issues relating to the financing of education. Wastage and repetition as manifestations of educational inefficiency are highlighted. External efficiency is examined in Chapter Six and the need for new approaches to educational planning and the need for coordination of post-secondary training to avoid duplication of training and over supply are stressed. In conclusion it is suggested that the Kenya reforms are unlikely to go beyond what other developing countries have experienced especially with regard to rural-urban migration which can only be contained through structural changes in the economy to support curriculum changes.
openalex: W2590186147 mag: 2590186147
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Barefoot doctors and specialists: planning of postgraduate medical training and health care delivery in Papua New Guinea. - Naraqi, S (PubMed, 1987)
Because Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a young country and still in its formative stage in my inaugural lecture I have decided to consider the 2 diverse subjects of the planning of postgraduate training or making of specialists and the problem of providing access to health care in rural areas. Postgraduate training is a new issue in PNG and preoccupies the minds of many young doctors. Thus it is the responsibility of both the Health Department and the University to develop appropriate goals and guidelines on the issue and to channel this desire and push for specialization towards a direction compatible with the best interests of the nation. Primary health care at the village level by so-called barefoot doctors 1 regard as another essential and vital issue in this country. What will be said here should be regarded as suggestions and comments which I hope will be of interest and use to the Health Department and Medical Faculty. They may want to reflect upon the content of this talk and to consider it while developing their shortterm or longterm plans. While the proposed suggestions and comments are not the final and ultimate solutions to the issues of postgraduate training and village health care facing this young nation I believe they can serve as a skeleton or framework for postgraduate medical training and for providing universal access to health care in the villages. Attempts will be made to keep the goals and resources of both the Health Department and the Medical Faculty in mind and to include the minimum needs of the country at the present time and in the future. The talk will consist of 4 parts: 1) general comments on the issue of health; 2) training of specialists who will be the leaders trainers researchers and guardians of the standard of health care for the nation; 3) the development of a so-called barefoot doctors system for every village in the country to promote the health of the villagers nationwide; and 4) concluding remarks. (authors)
openalex: W1475642013 mag: 1475642013
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Power and authority in the administration of college of education libraries in Nigeria - Nzotta, Briggs C. (Annals of library science and documentation, 1987)
Description et resultats d'une enquete menee aupres de vingt-neuf bibliotheques de colleges d'enseignement pour les futurs enseignants du second degre sur le statut de ces bibliotheques, les pouvoirs des conservateurs, l'adequation des fonds et l'autonomie administrative
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School psychology in the Sudan - Saigh, Philip A. (Journal of School Psychology, 1987)
Information pertaining to the Sudanese system of education, the practice of school psychology, its administration, school psychology-related training facilities, relevant contributions, apparent problems, and future developments is presented.
openalex: W2047244381 mag: 2047244381
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Medical Psychology in Southern Africa: Future Concerns in the General Teaching Hospital - Schlebusch, Lourens (South African Journal of Psychology, 1987)
The challenge facing the contribution of clinical psychology to general health care from within the medical teaching establishment, in a changing society, is explored. Factors providing an impetus for psychology to participate in the quest for a mind — body synthesis in understanding and treating physical disease are discussed, along with related joint collaborative and other psychological aspects. The importance of cross-cultural issues and implications for future training and functioning of clinical psychologists within the general teaching hospital are mentioned.
openalex: W2074454756 mag: 2074454756
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[Role of the dental staff in the school medical system in Senegal]. - Sembène, M; Aw, Kane (PubMed, 1987)
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Recent developments in cartographic education in Papua New Guinea - Walsh, B. (The Australian Surveyor, 1987)
Papua New Guinea is a developing country which gives a high priority to education. The Papua New Guinea University of Technology has recently conducted a degree course in cartography aimed at meeting the demands of a rapidly changing profession. The basic philosophy of cartographic training in Papua New Guinea is outlined and related to the changes now occurring in the country's mapping industry.
openalex: W2011601420 mag: 2011601420
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Knowledge of AIDS among Zimbabwean teacher-trainees prior to the public awareness campaign. - Wilson, David; Wilson, Charles Morrow (PubMed, 1987)
The primary purpose of this study was to pinpoint areas of knowledge and ignorance about AIDS among Zimbabwean primary and 2ndary teacher-trainees in January-February 1987, prior to the public awareness campaign. A 2ndary purpose was to ascertain how acceptable questions concerning sex are to a literate Zimbabwean sample. Knowledge of AIDS among the 630 Zimbabwean trainees were assessed using 2 open-ended questions and a 22-item true/false inventory. Contact with prostitutes was identified as a risk factor by 73% of those sampled. Few respondents believed that AIDS is primarily a homosexual disease in Africa. On the other hand, few subjects cited as a high risk category the sexual partners of other high risk groups. Only 58% of those sampled knew that the use of a condom during coitus reduces the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. More than 1/2 the sample believed that HIV infection can result from exposure to towels and toilet seats, from saliva, and from caring for AIDS victems. Sex-related questions were not offensive to the majority of respondents. Further education efforts might profitably emphasize the high risk status of partners of risk groups. Efforts should also be made to teach people about the effectiveness of condoms as a precaution against serotransmission and to reassure people that HIV infection is unlikely to result from contacts with towels, cutlery, toilet seats, or from caring for AIDS victims.
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Moving towards the Future: Training Practices in Africa — - Akin‐Ogundeji, Oladele (Journal of European Industrial Training, 1987)
In discussing the general approach to management and supervisory training in Nigeria in Part II of this article, attention will be given to:
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Farming Systems Research Training in Swaziland - Bevacqua, Robert F. (Hortscience, 1987)
Abstract Farming systems research (FSR) methodology is being used to improve vegetable production in Swaziland, a developing nation in southeastern Africa. An important prerequisite for this new' thrust in methodology is the training of staff in FSR objectives and processes.
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Scientific Bases for Pollution Control in African Inland Waters - Biney, CA; Calamari, D.; Naeve, Heiner; Maembe, T. W.; Nyakageni, B.; Saad, Massoud A. H. (Chemistry and Ecology, 1987)
Abstract The awareness of the harm caused by pollutants to natural environments has led the political and legislative authorities of industrially-developed countries to introduce or review regulations to protect the environment. However, in recent years, all over the world and particularly in many countries in Africa, there has been a remarkable population growth, accompanied by an intense urbanization, an increase of industrial activities and a higher exploitation of cultivable land. These transformations have brought about a huge increase in the quantity of discharges and a wide diversification in the types of pollutants that reach river waters and have undesirable effects on fish and on the potential for fishery exploitation.
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Engineering Geology, and Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in the Hijaz Railway Region–Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia - Briggs, R.P. (Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, 1987)
Research Article| August 01, 1987 Engineering Geology, and Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in the Hijaz Railway Region—Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia REGINALD P. BRIGGS REGINALD P. BRIGGS Geomega, Inc., P.O. Box 13127, Pittsburgh, PA 15243 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Environmental and Engineering Geoscience (1987) xxiv (3): 403–423. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiv.3.403 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation REGINALD P. BRIGGS; Engineering Geology, and Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in the Hijaz Railway Region—Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 1987;; xxiv (3): 403–423. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiv.3.403 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyEnvironmental and Engineering Geoscience Search Advanced Search Abstract A new standard-gauge railway from Damascus, Syria through Jordan to Medina, Saudi Arabia is under consideration by these three countries. The Feasibility Study for the railway, done in 1980, has been received favorably, though no further action is likely till the Iraq-Iran war is resolved. Three alternative routes were investigated, with potential system lengths, including branches, ranging from 1,621 to 1,701 km. The total length of corridors studied, without repetition of segments common to more than one, is 3,047 km. With a strip width of about 25 km, the area of geology treated at scale 1:250,000 thus was more than 75,000 km2. Engineering and other characteristics of the rocks were tabulated. An excerpt from this large geologic map and part of the engineering-geology table are included here.In the Hijaz Mountains of Saudi Arabia, bedrock largely is metamorphosed Precambrian volcanic and plutonic rock. Paleozoic sandstones dip northeastward from the Hijaz into southern Jordan. Central and northern Jordan chiefly exposed Cretaceous and Tertiary marine strata. Extensive Tertiary and Quaternary basalt fields are common in northern Jordan and southern Syria and overprint the Precambrian and Paleozoic terrain in the Hijaz Mountains. There are large intermontane plains in the Hijaz and sporadic coastal plains along the Red Sea. Water supply for the project is problematic.Tectonically, the region is dominated by the Red Sea graben and Dead Sea rift. The rift in particular is seismically active, so seismic risk is a factor in railway design. Volcanic eruptions are as recent as about 1850, and renewed activity is a possible, if remote, hazard to the proposed railway. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
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Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth‐Century Notable. DALE F. EICKELMAN - Dwyer, Kevin (American Ethnologist, 1987)
American EthnologistVolume 14, Issue 3 p. 568-569 Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth-Century Notable. DALE F. EICKELMAN KEVIN DWYER, KEVIN DWYER LondonSearch for more papers by this author KEVIN DWYER, KEVIN DWYER LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1987 https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1987.14.3.02a00170Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume14, Issue3August 1987Pages 568-569 RelatedInformation
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A Historical Review of the Development of Secondary Education in Eastern Nigeria - Edoghotu, Felix Uno (1987)
The purpose of this study is to describe the historical development of secondary education in Eastern Nigeria, taking into consideration the following periods: (1). before the coming of the British, (2) from 1842 to 1960 when Nigeria received her independence from Britain, and (3) from 1960 to 1986. The period between 1960 and 1986 is further subdivided into (a) 1960 to 1967 when the civil war began, (b) 1967 to 1970 when the civil war ended, and (c) the post-civil war era—1970 to 1986.
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Problems of training in hepatology in Africa - El-Zayadi, Abdel-Rahman (Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 1987)
Journal of Gastroenterology and HepatologyVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 381-382 Problems of training in hepatology in Africa ABDEL-RAHMAN EL-ZAYADI, ABDEL-RAHMAN EL-ZAYADI Ain-Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, EgyptSearch for more papers by this author ABDEL-RAHMAN EL-ZAYADI, ABDEL-RAHMAN EL-ZAYADI Ain-Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, EgyptSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1987.tb00177.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES 1 Mousa A.H., Ata A.A., Ayad N. & El Garem A. Bilharziasis in Africa. Frist African Symposium of Bilharziasis, Cairo, 4–14 February, 1969. 2 Doll R., Payne P. & Walter Hause J. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. International Union Against Cancer. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg , 1996. 3 El-Zayadi A., Khalil A., El Sammy N.M. Hamza M.R. & Osaima Selim Hepatic argiosarcoma among Egyptian farmers exposed to pesticides. Hepato-gastroenterology. 1986; 33: 148–50. 4 El-Rooby A. Management of hepatic schistosomia-sis. Semin. Liver Dis. 1985; 5: 263–76. 5 WHO REFERENCE. Volume2, Issue4August 1987Pages 381-382 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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The Measurement of Attitudes toward Christianity Among Kenyan Secondary School Students - Fulljames, Peter; Francis, Leslie J. (The Journal of Social Psychology, 1987)
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Impact of Drought on Pastoral Livestock in Baringo, Kenya 1983-85 - Homewood, Katherine; Lewis, James K. (Journal of Applied Ecology, 1987)
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Adaptive significance of small body size: Strength and motor performance of school children in Mexico and Papua New Guinea - Malina, Robert M.; Little, Bertis B.; Shoup, Richard F.; Buschang, Peter H. (American Journal of Biological Anthropology, 1987)
The postulated superior functional efficiency in association with reduced body size under conditions of chronic protein-energy undernutrition was considered in school children from rural Mexico and coastal Papua New Guinea. Grip strength and three measures of motor performance were measured in cross-sectional samples of children 6-16 years of age from a rural agricultural community in Oaxaca, Mexico, and from the coastal community Pere on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. The strength and performance of a mixed-longitudinal sample of well nourished children from Philadelphia was used as a reference. The Oaxaca and Pere children are significantly shorter and lighter and are not as strong as the well nourished children. Motor performances of Pere children compare favorably to those of the better-nourished Philadelphia children, whereas those of the Oaxaca children are poorer. Throwing performance is more variable. When expressed relative to body size, strength is similar in the three samples, but the running and jumping performances of Pere children per unit body size are better than the relative performances of Oaxaca and Philadelphia children. Throwing performance per unit body size is better in the undernourished children. The influence of age, stature, and weight on the performance of Oaxaca and Pere children is generally similar to that for well nourished children. These results suggest that the hypothesized adaptive significance of small body size for the functional efficiency of populations living under conditions of chronic undernutrition varies between populations and with performance tasks.
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Dependency and Journalism Education in Africa - Murphy, Sharon; Scotton, James F. (Africana Journal, 1987)
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Self-Concept and Academic Achievement in Botswana Primary School-Leaving Examinations - Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S.; Mwamwenda, Bernadette B. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1987)
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between pupils' self-concepts and their performance on the Botswana Primary School-leaving Examinations. Pupils with high self-concepts scored significantly better than pupils with low self-concepts in their over-all performance as well as in the subject matter examined, namely, Mathematics, English, Science, and Social Studies. The sample included 2559 (1517 girls and 1042 boys) pupils of standard seven drawn from a stratified random sample of 51 schools across Botswana. Their ages ranged from 12 to 14 yr., with a mean of 13.9 yr. Self-concept was measured by Self-appraisal Scale and their academic performance was based on the scores obtained in the final national examinations.
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Menarche in African secondary school girls in Kenya. - Rogo, Khama; Oniang’o, Ruth; Muruli, Leunita A. (PubMed, 1987)
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Analysis of paediatric medical cases admitted to the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) Nigeria. - Rs, Oruamabo (PubMed, 1987)
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School Expansion in Tanzania: Private Initiatives and Public Policy - Samoff, Joel (Comparative education review, 1987)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFocus: Comparative Studies of Educational ExpansionSchool Expansion in Tanzania: Private Initiatives and Public PolicyJoel SamoffJoel Samoff Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 31, Number 3Aug., 1987 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/446695 Views: 34Total views on this site Citations: 15Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The Comparative and International Education SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Caleb J. Figge, Magreat Somba, Zenaice Aloyce, Anna Agape Minja, Mary C. Smith Fawzi, Joseph Temu, Sylvia F. Kaaya Barriers to Child Protection and Mental Health Service Provision for Trauma-Affected Youth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice 5, no.33 (Jul 2022): 401–425.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42448-022-00123-yJoan DeJaeghere A Capability Approach to Entrepreneurship Education: Fostering Recognition and Community Care to Address Inequalities for Marginalized Youth, (Jul 2019): 393–411.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94532-3_13Joan DeJaeghere A Capability Approach to Entrepreneurship Education: Fostering Recognition and Community Care to Address Inequalities for Marginalized Youth, (Jun 2018): 1–19.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49789-1_13-1Ross J. Benbow “Steering Rather than Rowing”: Internationalism, Privatization, and University Reform in Tanzania, (Aug 2014): 127–160.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2013)0000021008Niklas Bengtsson Catholics versus Protestants: On the Benefit Incidence of Faith-Based Foreign Aid, Economic Development and Cultural Change 61, no.33 (Jul 2015): 479–502.https://doi.org/10.1086/669257Sabrina Billings ‘Education is the key of life’: Language, schooling, and gender in Tanzanian beauty pageants, Language & Communication 31, no.44 (Oct 2011): 295–309.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2011.02.003Nathalie Bonini Le développement de l'enseignement secondaire en Tanzanie et la scolarisation des Maasai, Autrepart N° 59, no.33 (Sep 2011): 57–74.https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.059.0057Samer Al-Samarrai, Barry Reilly Education, Employment and Earnings of Secondary School and University Leavers in Tanzania: Evidence from a Tracer Study, The Journal of Development Studies 44, no.22 (Jun 2008): 258–288.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380701789950Gérard Lassibille, Jee-Peng Tan Are Private Schools More Efficient Than Public Schools? Evidence from Tanzania, Education Economics 9, no.22 (Aug 2001): 145–172.https://doi.org/10.1080/09645290110056985David N. Plank, Gary Sykes How Choice Changes the Education System: A Michigan Case Study, (Jan 1999): 385–416.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4076-8_2P Duraisamy, Estelle James, Julia Lane, Jee-Peng Tan Is there a quantity–quality trade-off as pupil–teacher ratios increase? Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Educational Development 18, no.55 (Sep 1998): 367–383.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(98)00022-4Joel Samoff The Façade of Precision in Education Data and Statistics: a Troubling Example from Tanzania, The Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no.44 (Nov 2008): 669–689.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X0000570XJoel Samoff Local initiatives and national policies: The politics of private schooling in Tanzania 1, International Journal of Educational Research 15, no.55 (Jan 1991): 377–391.https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(91)90020-SJoel Samoff The politics of privatization in Tanzania, International Journal of Educational Development 10, no.11 (Jan 1990): 1–15.https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(90)90011-CBeverly Lindsay Redefining the Educational and Cultural Milieu of Tanzanian Teachers: a case study in development or dependency? [1], Comparative Education 25, no.11 (Jan 1989): 87–96.https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006890250109
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[Dental health and dental health education in Kenya]. - Valderhaug, J (PubMed, 1987)
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To Cull or Not to Cull: Lessons from a Southern African Drought - Walker, B. H.; Emslie, Richard; Owen-Smith, R. Norman; Scholes, R. J. (Journal of Applied Ecology, 1987)
(1) The ecological consequences of a severe drought on four wildlife conservation areas in southern Africa (Tuli, Klaserie, Kruger, Umfolozi) are compared. (2) Herbivore mortality occurred during the second year of the drought, when failure of the spring rains coincided with depleted food reserves. It was severe in Klaserie, with up to 90% mortality. In Tuli, mortality was high but restricted mostly to wildebeest and zebra; impala (a mixed grazer-browser) and browsers were little affected. Mortality was up to 35% in Kruger; it included browsers, but wildebeest and zebra were little affected. Mortality was low in Umfolozi, even in an unculled block, although pre-emptive culling exceeded the average mortalities at Kruger. Ungulate populations recovered to predrought levels within 2 years in Kruger but, apart from impala, will take longer in the more severely affected areas. (3) Mortality of grass tufts was extensive in Klaserie, Umfolozi and Tuli, and was limited to areas near water in Kruger. Initial recovery was rapid in three areas after one season of above-average rainfall, but was retarded in Tuli, and later in Klaserie because of continuing drought and (possibly) continued impala grazing. Little tree mortality was recorded. (4) Ungulate mortality was high in the most arid areas (Tuli and Klaserie) where grass mortality was particularly high and, most importantly, where extensive surface water permitted a high pre-drought biomass and even distribution of ungulates. (5) It is concluded that culling is ecologically unnecessary where sufficient spatial heterogeneity exists to provide reserve forage. Some drought-related mortality is natural and probably beneficial to both animal and plant populations. Wild ungulate populations should be allowed to fluctuate within limits set by management objectives and culling is likely to be necessary only where the provision of water points has eliminated reserve forage areas.
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Cigarette smoking among Ethiopian health professionals and students. - Zein, Zein Admed (PubMed, 1987)
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The July 28, 1984 southwestern Nigeria earthquake and its implications for the understanding of the tectonic structure of Nigeria - Ajakaiye, D.E.; Daniyan, Muhammad; Ojo, S.B.; Onuoha, K. Mosto (Journal of Geodynamics, 1987)
On 28th July, 1984 at about 12 hours 13 m UT an earthquake with an epicentral intensity of about VI occurred in the southwestern part of Nigeria, an area that has always been believed to be seismically inactive. This event was recorded at the LAMTO seismic observatory in Ivory Coast and its epicentre was located at around Ijebu-Ode. In Nigeria, the event was recorded only by a temporary monitoring station at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) in Zaria, a distance of about 640 km from the epicentre. Two subsequent tremors that were reported in Ijebu-Ode in early August, 1984 were not recorded at Ahmadu Bello University. Geological, geophysical and geodynamic studies indicate the possibility of the existence of large fracture zones trending generally in the NE-SW direction across the country. The recent earthquakes in southwestern Nigeria could therefore be evidence to support the existence of the Pelusium megashear system or similar fracture zones that penetrate deep into the continental crust of West Africa. There is therefore a need for more adequate coverage of the area by seismic stations to permit a precise location of future events and detailed data analysis which would help in identifying area where large scale crustal adjustments might be taking place.
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Moving towards the Future — Training Practices in Africa: - Akin‐Ogundeji, Oladele (Journal of European Industrial Training, 1987)
There is a growing interest among writers, academics and professionals in Europe and America about the integration of training with organisational development (OD). As will be seen later, the basis for this is the need to develop training as an integral part of organisational life, so that its contribution to organisational performance can be enhanced. Training is being seen more as an OD tool than the traditional role of providing courses for improvement in individuals' job performance.
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The Role of Information, Education, and Communication in Family Planning Service Delivery in Tunisia - Coeytaux, Francine; Kilani, T; McEvoy, Margaret (Studies in Family Planning, 1987)
In an effort to measure the value of outreach, a prospective study using an experimental comparison group design was implemented in a rural region of Tunisia, where an outreach program had been implemented in 1981 to increase contraceptive prevalence. The main components of the program included the improvement and expansion of rural health care services through mobile clinics, and the implementation of an information, education, and communication (IEC) outreach program. While the program tended to focus on the implementation of the mobile clinics, service statistics suggested that the IEC outreach component in fact accounted for much of the success of the program. The study shows that the addition of outreach to existing services more than doubles the number of new family planning acceptors, and that outreach has a more positive impact on service output than does the creation of new services.In an effort to measure the value of outreach, a prospective study using an experimental comparison group design was implemented in a rural region of Tunisia, where an outreach program had been implemented in 1981 to increase contraceptive prevalence beyond the comparatively high levels achieved in 1982 (an estimated 34% of women of reproductive age were using modern contraception). The main components of the program included the improvement and expansion of rural health care services through mobile clinics, and the implementation of an information, education, and communication (IEC) outreach program, making use of 36 village workers. The workers were recruited from the villages, trained in contraceptive technology, counselling, and record-keeping, and charged with promoting the mobile clinic program through home visits. A preliminary study showed that the addition of outreach to existing services increased the number of new family planning (FP) acceptors by 27% in the 1st year. A more in-depth study compared 4 regions: 1 with an IEC outreach program in addition to the mobile clinics, 1 without IEC, 1 without the mobile clinic program, and 1 with neither mobile clinics. While the program tended to focus on the implementation of the mobile clinics, service statistics suggest that the IEC outreach component in fact accounted for much of the success of the program. In 1 region, the addition of outreach to existing services appears to have increased the number of new FP acceptors by 125% whereas only increasing the availability of medical services increased users by 65%.
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Action Research in Education Personnel Development. A Case Study in Botswana. - Davis, Rhonda; Davis, T. (1987)
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The training and spread of managerial know-how, a comparative analysis of multinational and other firms in Kenya - Gershenberg, Irving (World Development, 1987)
This article investigates an area of multinational corporate activity in less developed countries (LDCs) that has hithero gone unexplored, namely their training of indigenous managers and the spread of this transferred know-how throughout the host country economy. The significance of management training for the successful transfer of technology is discussed in the introduction, followed by a presentation of the methodology employed; data regarding the extent and composition of management training offered to local managers is analyzed, and conclusions regarding the extent and significance of management training by multinationals in LDCs are drawn.
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Deformations associated with the El Asnam earthquake of October 10, 1980 (Algeria) - Kasser, Michel; Ruegg, Jean; Lépine, Jean-Claude (Journal of Geodynamics, 1987)
The resurvey of both a geodetic network and a levelling net was carried out in June 1981, 8 months after the Ms = 7.3 El Asnam earthquake of 10 October 1980. Previous seismological and neotectonic studies indicate that this event results from a north-east-trending overthrust complex fault of about 40-km length, which shows at least three principal segments with slightly different directions. Vertical movements, evaluated by means of a trigonometric levelling method show an uplift of the thrust fault of about 5 m and a depression of the southeastern edge of about 1 m. These movements are progressively attenuated away from the fault trace (see fig. 1). Horizontal movements have been evaluated by a classical first-order triangulation method. (see fig. 2 and table 1). The resulting mean strain tensors, calculated for different triangles of the geodetic network, indicate a shortening of about 2.50 m which is consistent with the SE-NW direction of compression determined from neotectonic evaluations and focal mechanisms (see fig. 3). Dislocation models are used to explain and discuss the observed deformations in the light of the seismological data and the observed ground breakages. Five segments are required to explain both horizontal and vertical deformations. The magnitude of vertical displacement (about 6 m) at the junction between the southwest and the central segments of the fault argues for the breaking of this area during the main shock and for a slip vector of about 8 m, at least in the central segment. In such circumstances where the first field observations show that a strong coseismic movement has taken place, the best methodology to be used seems to be: - to resurvey as quickly as possible the widest acceptable zone of the old existing geodetic network, without special attention paid to the precision of these measurements. - to set up as soon as possible a small aperture geodetic network of high accuracy in order to monitor the possible postseismic readjustments. For vertical movements, trigonometric leveling using reciprocal zenith measurements with two high-precision theodolites and EDM appears to be far the best solution. It is much quicker than classical leveling and it can afford the same precision if necessary. In our case, the precision was not critical, so that long ranges (up to 1500 m) between stations were used when necessary.
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Canadian aid for the training of public servants in Ghana and Zimbabwe - McAllister, Ian (Public Administration and Development, 1987)
Abstract The Canadian International Development Agency has co‐sponsored a number of training programmes for public servants. In this article two of the larger programmes are examined, one with the Government of Ghana, the other with Zimbabwe. The main work with Ghana was undertaken in that country: much of the work with Zimbabwe was undertaken in Canada—for different reasons and with somewhat different results. Over 400 officials have completed the basic courses (generally of 3 months duration). Others have attended shorter courses, training‐of‐trainers projects, and a workshop for cabinet ministers. In this paper questions are explored about the relevance of such training, the nature of the content and ways to evaluate such activities. Practical issues of aid planning and implementation are raised and, finally, questions of aid targets are examined in the light of the experiences of these programmes.
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Nutritional Assessment of Primary School Children in Papua New Guinea: Implications for Community Health - Moase, Olive; Pontio, Modi; Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. (International quarterly of community health education (Print), 1987)
The nutritional status of primary school children ( N = 1453) was assessed using weight-for-height (W/H) and twenty-four hour food recall records. Using WHO standards, 21 percent of the students were within the standard W/H. Of the remainder, 71 percent were within 5 kg. of standard W/H, and 8 percent deviated more than 5 kg. from the standard W/H (5% underweight and 3% overweight). The dietary data collected from Grades 5 and 6 ( N = 425) revealed a daily food intake of 1.6, 2.8, and 7.7 servings of protein, protective, and energy foods, respectively, as recorded in local servings. Sixty-five percent of the subjects consumed foods from all three food groups. Twenty-four percent consumed no protein, 14 percent consumed no protective food, and 2 percent consumed neither protein nor protective food. The variety of foods available varied from school to school-3-11 protein foods, 7–15 energy foods, and 8–18 protective foods. To improve nutritional status, government leadership in the areas of education, health, and primary industry will be required. All divisions adhere to the National Food and Nutrition Policy which promotes local rather than imported food.
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In search of relevance in library education in Nigeria - Ochai, Adakole (International Library Review, 1987)
L'enseignement de la bibliotheconomie au Nigeria face aux besoins nationaux, aux contraintes financieres, au public des bibliotheques et aux normes internationales
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ABE teacher training in Anambra State of Nigeria - Osuala, Judith D.C. (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 1987)
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The CERES-MAIZE model as a potential tool for drought assessment in South Africa - Pisani, Alejandra (Water SA, 1987)
An index to characterise drought in such a way that policy makers will have an objective measure to declare areas drought-stricken and to implement subsidy schemes on a fair basis has been sought. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) has been found wanting in this respect and more crop specific indices are at present under investigation. A methodology employing the CERES-MAIZE model to assess drought impacts on maize at an early stage in the season has been developed. The model was verified using South African yield data collected at a wide variety of localities ranging in mean annual rainfall from 550 to 870 mm and in yield from 986 to 8 600 kg/ha. Model sensitivity to soil water parameters and planting dates was evaluated. The profile available water (PAW) capacity should preferably be known to within 50 mm to make a good assessment while planting dates as far apart as two full weeks gave similar results. In order to develop a methodology for predicting yield response to drought during the course of the growing season, temperature and rainfall data were analysed on a monthly basis. The month in the historical record which gave a monthly value nearest the value of the record was identified and used to synthesise a median year. To assess the impact of early season weather on the crop yield attained in a given season, the model was run with actual weather data up to a given date after which the year's data were used for the remainder of the growing season. Excellent correlations were found between yield predictions based on the use of observed early season data (up to as early as the end of January) in combination with data for the remainder of the season and yield predictions based on observed data over the entire season.
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Unusually deep earthquakes in East Africa: Constraints on the thermo‐mechanical structure of a continental rift system - Shudofsky, Gordon N.; Cloetingh, S.A.P.L.; Stein, Seth; Wortel, Rinus (Geophysical Research Letters, 1987)
Shudofsky [1985] has established that earthquakes associated with the East African rift system have well‐constrained focal depths as great as 25–30 km. Using published heat flow measurements as a guide to the local geotherm, we find through simple stress envelope calculations that the deepest earthquakes probably occur in the lower crust in a region where the lithosphere is strong. These results are at odds with the commonly held idea that seismicity in zones of continental extension is limited to the shallow upper crust because of elevated temperatures accompanying lithospheric thinning. Any model of the rifting process in East Africa must account for the fact that these regions exhibit considerable strength down to lower crustal levels.
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An inquiry into staffing, organisation and teaching in South African medical schools. - Elliot, Jeffrey M. (PubMed, 1987)
A comparative analysis of student/staff ratios (SSRs) revealed a very marked difference (2:1-5.3:1) between the most and least liberally staffed medical schools in South Africa. A study of workloads determined how the average medical teacher allocates time between teaching, clinical work, research and other activities. How medical teachers teach, their preparation for teaching, factors influencing teaching practices, teaching methods used and their attitudes to the use of educational resources were investigated. Just over 70% of medical teachers are teaching without any formal preparation although opposition to teaching courses appears to be diminishing. That medical education is teacher-orientated is obvious from the fact that resources that transmit information are used more than those that propagate interaction between teacher and student and encourage more complex forms of learning. Only 13% of medical teachers 'often' use educational objectives and the majority (58%) never use them at all. Criterion-referenced evaluation should have a place in medical education, where a core of minimum knowledge is considered essential, but over 80% of medical teachers 'never' use this method in assessing students.
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Drought in Africa - Glantz, Michael H. (Scientific American, 1987)
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Home-based learning programmes for mentally handicapped people in rural areas of Zimbabwe - Mariga, Lilian; McConkey, Roy (International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 1987)
This paper describes the operation of a community-based rehabilitation programme specifically for mentally handicapped children and young adults living with their families in rural areas of Zimbabwe. Details are given of the clients enrolled in the programme and the teaching goals used with them. Evaluation data on the programme's effectiveness is also presented. Three features are identified as being central to the programme's success, 1) partnership with existing agencies in the area, 2) the training and monitoring that is provided by specialist staff in mental handicap, and 3) the provision of resource materials – forms, cards, videos – which are tailored to the cultural, linguistic and literacy needs of the recipients. The efficient use of specialist staff is highlighted as are future areas for research and development.
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Aids, Africa and education - Nunn, Paul (Health Education Journal, 1987)
It is now clear that the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) is a major health problem affecting almost all countries of the world and particularly those in parts of sub-Saharan Africa 1,2 . Whilst medi cal technology has made possible enormous advances in the knowledge of the agent responsible, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it is clear that both a vaccine and an effective treatment are still years away 3 . The main avenues open for limiting the spread of the disease are, therefore, the screening of donated blood, and education. This article deals with the latter in the context of Africa, but the relevant epidemiological facts are outlined first since these must dictate the content of any educational programme.
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Cross-Cultural Analysis of Mathematical Attitudes of High School Students and Skills Viewed as Required for Employment in Kenya - Okech, Jack Green (Psychological Reports, 1987)
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Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica in urban and rural Nigerian school children. - Olusanya, O.; Oi, Olusanya (PubMed, 1987)
Stools obtained from 357 urban and 395 rural school children aged 5-11 years in Ile-Ife Nigeria were examined for the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica during the dry season. C. jejuni were found in stools of about 2% of the urban school children and in more than 7% of the rural children while Y. enterocolitica were found in 2.5% of the urban and 5.8% of the rural children. A higher isolation rate was seen for C. jejuni (p0.01) and for Y. enterocolitica (p0.05) in stool samples obtained from rural children than from those of urban children. Y enterocolitica were isolated more frequently from stools of urban children living in areas without pipe-borne water than urban children residing at places connected by pipe-borne water supplies. (authors)
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Dental caries experience in 5- and 12-year-old school children in Ondo State, Nigeria in 1977 and 1983. - Oo, Olojugba; Ma, Lennon (PubMed, 1987)
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A curriculum plan for the professional education of occupational therapists in Nigeria. - Osikoya, Francis O. O. (1987)
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The Cameroon volcanic gas disaster. An analysis of a makeshift response - Othman‐Chandev, M. (Disasters, 1987)
The Cameroon Volcanic Gas Disaster has seen yet again a number of burning issues relating to relief management. These relate to the exxasgerantion and indequacy of facts from the field, media amplification of information, inappropriate and abundant intrnational response and lack of logistic considerations. Disaster relief assessment should continue to be a top priority, no matter who performs it initially. Accurate assessment and immediate and appropriate satisfaction of the needs of victims are imperative if relief actors ar to be hare credibility. For international relief to be effective there is a need to expand existing contacts betwen a stricken government and its foreign counterparts, NGOs and the media. Part of this process includes the participation of resident relief and aid oriented agencies in national relief committees. Greater relief discipline should also outweight donor compassion.
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The economics of costing and financing of education for development in Kenya: a research agenda in the 1980s and beyond - Riak, Isaac Cuir (1987)
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THE TRANSFERABILITY OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS BETWEEN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES FOR KENYAN STUDENTS - Seddon, G. M.; Waweru, G. (British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1987)
S ummary . This investigation sets out to determine whether scientific concepts which have been previously acquired in one of the languages, English, Swahili or Kikuyu by multilingual Kenyan secondary school students can be transferred to the other two languages. The investigation is based on practical lessons using worksheets translated into the three languages. The results demonstrate that transfer is possible to the vernacular languages from English and between the two vernacular languages.
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The ‘two‐way pull’ and the establishment of university education in British West Africa - Whitehead, Clive (History of Education, 1987)
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[Successful development of Algerian health care and the present status of training at its medical schools]. - Rysavý, F (PubMed, 1987)
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The Development and Contributions of the Department of Adult Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, to Adult Education in Nigeria: 1945- 1980 - Adeniji, Olufemi O. (1987)
This study examined the historical development of the University of Ibadan in Nigeria and its contributions to adult education both in Nigeria and in other African nations. This was aimed at providing up-to-date insight into the department's contributions to the development of adult education in Nigeria and in other African nations. Specifically, this study examined the department's founders and their goals, the department's management structure, its relationship with other adult education agencies in Nigeria and in Africa, its programs and services, and the participants in these. This study reveals that the department's founders were both British and Nigerian politicians, educators, and humanitarians. They were concerned with eradicating illiteracy, preparing adults for democratic roles, and improving the economic well-being of these adults. The department does not have a consistent pattern of management. The selection of its leadership is usually based on seniority and academic merits. The department initially relied on donations and on the revenues from the local, state, and federal governments of Nigeria to operate. It now relies on those from the profit from its services to the public and on those from Nigeria's state and federal governments. The department interacts with other departments of the university and with other adult education agencies in Nigeria to formulate, develop, direct, and provide adult education programs and services to all segments of the Nigerian population. Its contributions to other African nations are limited to the conferences and seminars it hosts, and in many cases, directs on their behalf.
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Indigenous technology of Sierra Leone and the science education of girls - Amara, Juliana M. (International Journal of Science Education, 1987)
Female school enrolment in Sierra Leone is consistently and significantly lower than that of boys at all levels of the educational system. Certain traditional beliefs, values and practices discriminate against the education of girls. There is an urgent need to adapt the science curriculum to the needs of girls, by including aspects they can relate to and identify with. Using indigenous technology as a basis for science education is a good way to begin. The use of familiar materials and processes will remove the fear often associated with science, thereby encouraging more female participation.
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[Parasitologic survey in 2 primary schools in North Uganda]. - Ciantia, Filippo; Bossi, L; Bassani, L.; Samorani, D (PubMed, 1987)
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Censorship costs lives: By keeping information about drought and famine from its people, the Ethiopian government caused many to die - Cohen, Rose Naomi (Index on Censorship, 1987)
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Food intake and energy expenditure of Nigerian female students - Cole, A. H.; Ogungbe, R. F. (British Journal of Nutrition, 1987)
Twenty apparently healthy and normal Nigerian female students, resident at the University of Ibadan campus, were studied for seven consecutive days to assess their food energy intake and energy expenditure during sedentary and physical activities. The mean age (years) of the group was 20.05 (SD 3.44, range 16-29), mean height (m) 1.62 (SD 0.07, range 1.47-1.74) and body-weight (kg) 51.28 (SD 3.21, range 46-58). The food intake of each subject was obtained by direct weighing, and the energy value determined using a ballistic bomb calorimeter. Daily activities were recorded and the energy cost of representative activities was determined by indirect calorimetry. Activities mainly involved sitting, mean (min/d) 354 (SD 84, range 253-475). Personal domestic activities took a mean of 162 (SD 73) min/d. Sleeping took a mean of 451 (SD 62) min/d. The mean energy intake of the group was 8480 (SD 1316) kJ/d or 167 (SD 30.6) kJ/kg body-weight per d. This value is lower than that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) (1973) as the energy requirement for adult women engaged in light activities (9205 kJ/d), but it is higher than the FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) (1985) recommended value of 8326 kJ (1990 kcal)/d for a housewife in an affluent society. It is lower than the recommended intake of 9350 kJ/d for rural women in developing countries (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985). The mean energy expenditure (kJ/d) of the female subjects was 6865 (SD 214, range 6519-7222). Mean energy expenditure was lower than mean energy intake. The energy intake and expenditure values indicated that the subjects participating in the present study were not physically very active. It is suggested, for health reasons, that they might undertake more physical activity.
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[Arranging a stay at Burkina-Faso or how a small provincial school enlarged its horizon]. - Comès, J (PubMed, 1987)
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A survey of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in school children in the Bo and Tongo Field areas of Sierra Leone - Gbakima, Aiah A; Moriba, Mary M.; Samoh, Mirian A.; White, Peter; Samba, James A. (Public Health, 1987)
The study showed that human schistosomiasis is endemic in the Bo and Tongo Field areas, and the overall prevalence was low. Of the 656 persons examined, 16.3% and 22.3% were positive for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni respectively from Bo and Tongo Field areas. Children in the age group 1–5 years old had the lowest infection rate, but females in the same age group were more frequently infected than their male counterparts (10.5% v. 4.5% respectively) and the difference was significant ( P S. haematobium was higher in the Bo area school children than children from the Tongo Field area schools (24.8% and 5.9% respectively). However, S. mansoni infection in the Tongo Field area schools was higher than that from the Bo area schools (39.1% and 26.0% respectively). The intensity of infection due to S. haematobium was very low and on the moderate level for S. mansoni infection.
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Expectations and attitudes of South African Indian students toward boys from father-absent nuclear and extended family systems - Mahabeer, M. (South African Journal Of Sociology, 1987)
This study examined the expectations and attitudes of Indian university students toward boys from father-absent nuclear and extended family systems. The subjects (N = 100) had more positive attitudes towards boys from widowed than from divorced homes for both nuclear and extended family systems. They viewed boys from the extended family more positively than those from the nuclear family. More positive expectations were held for boys from widowed-nuclear versus divorced-nuclear families, with the need for remedial education, psychological service, and social support being perceived to be greater for the latter than the former group.
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Expectations and attitudes of South African Indian students toward boys from father-absent nuclear and extended family systems - Mahabeer, M. (South African Journal Of Sociology, 1987)
This study examined the expectations and attitudes of Indian university students toward boys from father-absent nuclear and extended family systems. The subjects (N = 100) had more positive attitudes towards boys from widowed than from divorced homes for both nuclear and extended family systems. They viewed boys from the extended family more positively than those from the nuclear family. More positive expectations were held for boys from widowed-nuclear versus divorced-nuclear families, with the need for remedial education, psychological service, and social support being perceived to be greater for the latter than the former group.
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The use of psychoactive substances by female Egyptian university students, compared with their male colleagues on selected items - Soueif, M.I.; Hannourah, M.A.; Darweesh, Z.A.; El-Sayed, Abdulrahman M.; Yunis, Feisal A.; Taha, Haitham (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 1987)
A standardized questionnaire, with satisfactory retake item reliabilities and well established validities, was administered to a representative sample of female university students (N = 2366), drawn from Cairo and Ein-Shams Universities, both located in Greater Cairo. Results, relevant to demographic and drug related items, are presented. Where meaningful, comparisons are made with previously published corresponding data obtained on male university students. Among the interesting findings are the following: (a) Female students, compared with males, had better educated parents with jobs higher on social prestige hierarchy. (b) But more boys than girls had personal sources of income and, relatively, big amounts of pocket money. (c) Very few girls smoked cigarettes and used natural narcotics. (d) Tranquilizers and hypnotics were taken by, almost, equal percentages of both sexes. But stimulants were consumed by more boys. (e) Girls did not start experimentation with narcotics before the age of 16, whereas boys began such experimentation before reaching 12 years of age. (f) Girls tried alcohol much more than they experimented with any other psychoactive substance. (g) Among girls as well as boys we found a measurable trend for users to be more exposed than nonusers to what we call ‘drug culture’. (h) In the case of girls, close relatives have more weight than personal friends as sources of information about drugs. For boys, it is the opposite. Similarities as well as disparities were discussed and implications were emphasized.
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Genital tuberculosis at the University of Benin teaching hospital: a nine year review. - Va, Ojo; Ja, Unuigbe (PubMed, 1987)
Twenty-two cases of histologically-proven genital tuberculosis seen over a nine-year period were reviewed. The main presenting symptoms were infertility, menstrual irregularity and abdominal pain, while the main physical signs were an abdomino-pelvic mass and/or tenderness. Adequate response was observed when the patients were treated with the standard anti-tuberculosis drugs. A high level of suspicion is the sine qua non for a high detection rate of genital tuberculosis.
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Clay minerals and humus complexes in five Kenyan soils derived from volcanic ash - Wada, Kōji; Kakuto, Yasuko; Muchena, F.N. (Geoderma, 1987)
Clay minerals and humus complexes and their effects on soil chemical properties were studied for five profiles around the Longonot and Susua volcanoes in Kenya. Morphologically, all profiles have some resemblance to Andepts, but there were clear-cut differences in clay contents and mineral composition as well as pH between profiles 1 through 4 and profile 5, which occur under semi-arid to subhumid and under humid climatic conditions, respectively. Profiles 1 through 4 contained embryonic halloysites with X-rays amorphous iron oxide and silica, whereas profile 5 contained a kaolin mineral, chloritized 2:1 layer silicates, gibbsite and hematite. These mineral associations probably represent early and advanced stages of weathering of volcanic ash under weak and strong leaching conditions, respectively. Embryonic halloysites consisted of more or less poorly ordered halloysite and “1.0- and 0.7-1.0-nm minerals”. The carbon contents of A horizons ranged from 100 to 112 g/kg in profiles 2, 3 and 5. Humus complexes increased in the order; Fehumus ⩽ Al-humus ⩽ Ca-humus in profiles 2 and 3, whereas Al- and Fe-humus were found exclusively in profile 5. The pH (NaF), phosphate retention and acid oxalate extractable Al qualify only profile 5 as an Andept or Andisol.
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French Language Training to Include African Culture and Development (Anthropology News, 1987)
Anthropology NewsVolume 28, Issue 4 p. 16-16 Free Access French Language Training to Include African Culture and Development First published: April 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1987.28.4.16.1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume28, Issue4April 1987Pages 16-16 RelatedInformation
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South Africa economic research and training project: a workshop on research priorities for post‐apartheid planning (Review of African Political Economy, 1987)
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Maternal mortality — a twelve‐year survey at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H.) Ilorin, Nigeria - Adetoro, Olalekan O. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1987)
This paper concerns an analysis of maternal death at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H.) Ilorin over a 12-year period (1972-1983). There were 138,577 births and 624 deaths making a maternal mortality rate of 4.50 per 1000 births. Hemorrhage, ruptured uterus and obstructed labor were the major direct obstetric causes of death. The most important indirect causes were cerebrospinal meningitis, pulmonary infections and fulminating hepatitis. The main avoidable factors were ineffective and cumbersome blood transfusion services; poor management of the third stage of labor; large number of unbooked patients and poor delivery room structure encouraging sepsis. Suggestions are made for a more integrated type of maternity services in our hospital, health education programs for the public and particularly the expectant women and availability of an effective blood bank service within the maternity hospital premises for prompt treatment of patients requiring emergency blood transfusion. The analysis underlines the great problem of maternal mortality in the developing world.This paper concerns an analysis of maternal death at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 12 year period (1972-1983). There were 138,577 births and 624 deaths making a maternal mortality rate of 4.50/1000 births. Hemorrhage, ruptured uterus and obstructed labor were the major direct obstetric causes of death. The most important indirect causes were cerebrospinal meningitis, pulmonary infections and fulminating hepatitis. The main avoidable factors were ineffective and cumbersome blood transfusion services; poor management of the 3rd stage of labor; large number of unbooked patients and poor delivery room structure encouraging sepsis. Suggestions are made for a more integrated type of maternity service in this hospital, health education programs for the public and particularly the expectant woman, and availability of an effective blood bank service within the maternity hospital premises for prompt treatment of patients requiring emergency blood transfusion. The analysis underlines the great problem of maternal mortality in the developing world.
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Food-rewarded operant learning in the guinea pig - Angermeier, W. F.; McLean, Jack H.; Minvielle, D.; Grue, Christian E. (Bulletin of the psychonomic society, 1987)
Sixteen young adult guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of mixed sex were used as subjects in a study of food-rewarded operant learning. All but one of the animals learned the required task. Although the general slope of the learning curve was more variable than that of other mammals, neither learning time nor number of rewards to criterion differed significantly from data obtained from other mammals. The results are discussed in terms of an evolutionary model of comparative learning, including ratio of brain weight to body weight and genetically fixed versus variable behavior categories.
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The growth of bioethics and the need for teaching medical ethics in South Africa. - Benatar (PubMed, 1987)
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Introduction to Librarianship and Documentation. Teaching and Learning Material for the Long Vacation Courses at the University of Botswana 1984 to 1987. - Boadi, Benzies Y. (1987)
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A Nigerian Undergraduate Counsellor Training Programme - Bojuwoye, Olaniyi (School Psychology International, 1987)
This article describes an attempt by a Nigerian university to develop a personnel preparation programme to meet a national need for guidance and counselling professionals. The contemporary model is criticized, yet the present system is deemed appropriate to meet the existing needs.
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Counseling African-American Adult Learners - Cain, Rudolph Alexander Kofi (The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 1987)
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Jabal an Nar: An upper miocene volcanic centre near Al Mukha (Yemen Arab Republic) - Capaldi, G.; Chiesa, Sergio; Conticelli, Sandro; Manetti, Piero (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1987)
On the coastal plain in the southwestern part of the Yemen Arab Republic, near Al Mukha, stands a volcanic centre known as Jabal an Nar that had been considered an active volcano. However, our geochronological and petrographical data show that this centre has an Upper Miocene age (about 10 m.y.) and consists of basalts and andesitic basalts (tholeiitic) different in composition from the products of the Aden Volcanic Series. The magmatic activity at 10 m.y. represents the first volcanic phase after the emplacement of the Trap Series.
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Midwifery training & practice in The Gambia. - E, Ho (PubMed, 1987)
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Spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in Eastern and Southern Africa - Ininda, J M (1987)
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Teacher‐college students’ opinions in Israel and on the West Bank of ‘what science‐education is supposed to be’ - Jungwirth, E.; Zakhalka, Makhmoud (International Journal of Science Education, 1987)
Abstract A three‐way comparison of teacher‐college entrants’ and graduating students’ views in Israel (both Jews and Arabs) and their counterparts on the West Bank was undertaken in order to diagnose subjects’ image of science and of science teaching. The questionnaire used permitted the gathering of subjects’ normative views as well as the application of these views in actual classroom science‐lesson planning. It was found that college entrants’ views of the Jewish subjects differed sharply from those of both Arab samples in all areas tested. While there was no difference between Israeli Arabs and their counterparts on the West Bank on matters concerning in‐school and in‐classroom affairs, the Israeli Arab subjects’ views about science and science‐teaching were midway between those of the Jewish subjects and the West Bank subjects. As to the graduating subjects’ normative opinions, no significant difference was found between Jewish and Arab Israeli subjects, with both these samples differing significantly from their West Bank counterparts. An identical situation for both the entrants and the graduating students pertained to actual lesson‐planning. The findings were interpreted to mean that: Arab science education in Israeli schools is at present in a transition period, tending to move away from traditional and towards ‘Western’ approaches.Three years of college education had been instrumental in eliminating the previously existing discrepancies between prospective science teachers in the Jewish and Arab sectors of Israel, and to widen the gulf between Israeli Arabs’ and West Bankers’ normative stances as to ‘what science teaching is supposed to be’. ‡Corresponding author. Notes ‡Corresponding author.
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Community financing of education: issues from Kenya - Lillis, Kevin M. (Journal of Education Policy, 1987)
Given the squeeze on national budgets and the need for priorities over investment choices in education, many governments have turned to communities in the search for alternative sources of revenue. In Kenya, there is a long and rich history of community involvement in the financing of education at all levels, rooted within the phenomenon of the dynamic self‐help movement harambee, which underpins much of Kenya's grass roots development activity. Within education, the conscious partnership between communities and government has been most manifest within the unaided harambee secondary school sector, although a more recent policy shift has witnessed the transfer to communities of all capital expenditures associated with a structural and curriculum reform, particularly at primary level. Despite opening up access to education to a high percentage of the school age population, there remain, however, fundamental questions associated both with the quality and equity of systems dependent upon community financing.
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Smoking habits in Kenya. I. A preliminary study involving University of Nairobi medical students. - Lore, W (PubMed, 1987)
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The Swaziland Agriculture Teacher Education Program as Perceived by Professionals in Agricultural Education. - Miller, Larry E.; Dlamini, B.M. (1987)
AUTHOR Miller, Larry E.; Dlamini, Barnabas M. TITLE The Swaziland Agriculture Teacher Education Program as Perceived by Professionals in Agricultural Education. PUB DATE Apr 87 NOTE 13p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for International Agricultural Education (3rd, Chevy Chase, MD, April 24-26, 1987). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) Speeches/Conference Papers (150)
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ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDIES FOR OIL POLLUTION CONTROL IN NIGERIA - Nwankwo, J. N.; Michel, Jacqueline; Murday, Maylo (Proceedings, 1987)
ABSTRACT A comprehensive, three-year study was conducted in 1982–1985 of petroleum-producing regions of Nigeria. This study was designed to provide the scientific basis for determining the special requirements of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of Nigeria that need to be accommodated in oil-pollution control regulations for both sudden spills and the continuous releases associated with chronic oil pollution. The study plan was composed of extensive literature review and field collection of data in the following areas:Chemical quality assessment through surface water, ground water, bottom sediments, and biological samples collected at over 600 stations, including seasonal considerationsBiological sampling of all major terrestrial and aquatic ecosystemsCoastal geology studies for trajectory analysis and environmental sensitivity mapping of the outer coast and the Bonny River estuarySocioeconomic studies to determine public and corporate perspectives on the impacts and problems of the petroleum industry in NigeriaOperational audits at 16 installations to examine state-of-practice technologiesLegal and regulatory review of worldwide oil pollution contract legislation (options for criteria and standards for Nigeria were analyzed at a workshop of international experts) The results of this study, probably the most comprehensive inventory and synthesis of the ecology of a tropical system to date, will provide Nigeria with the scientific tools to formulate a plan for oil pollution control that may be a model for many other countries.
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Training the African manager: The role of the expatriate manager in Malawi - Parkinson, John; Rutherford, Peter J. (Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 1987)
(1987). Training the African manager: The role of the expatriate manager in Malawi. Journal of Contemporary African Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 25-47.
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Nigeria: Survey of the EffectiveNess and Adequacy of Main-Streaming Visually Handicapped Children Into Ordinary Schools in the Plateau State - Shown, Dakum (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 1987)
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Primary School Children's Knowledge of Health and Illness in the Gambia: its Implication for Teaching Children About Disease - Zvandasara, P (Journal of tropical pediatrics (1980), 1987)
Journal Article Primary School Children's Knowledge of Health and Illness in the Gambia: its Implication for Teaching Children About Disease Get access P. Zvandasara P. Zvandasara Rusape HospitalPO Box 10, Rusape, Zimbabwe Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 33, Issue 2, April 1987, Pages 110–112, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/33.2.110 Published: 01 April 1987
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Hearing loss in white South African goldminers. - Hessel, Patrick A.; Sluis-Cremer, G K (PubMed, 1987)
Hearing thresholds of 2,667 white South African goldminers were determined in a cross-sectional survey. Median hearing thresholds at 1,000 Hz were comparable to those expected for men living in a developed society. For the frequencies 3,000-6,000 Hz, which are most affected by industrial noise, hearing thresholds were greater than expected and worsened with age relative to expected losses. The percentage of social impairment of hearing ranged from 0% in the youngest age group to 21.6% among those 58 years of age and over. Data from two surveys on the use of hearing protection indicate that it increased from 13.2% in 1979 to 17.2% in 1982. This level is probably still too low given the pervasiveness of noise in the goldmining industry. Some of the difficulties associated with a hearing conservation programme in the industry are discussed.
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Oral health status of community school children in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. - Amaratunge, A; Sp, Pouru (PubMed, 1987)
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Appendectomy in South African inter-ethnic school pupils. - Ar, Walker; Bf, Walker (PubMed, 1987)
In 1984-1985, prevalences of appendectomy in inter-ethnic series of South African school pupils of 16-18 yr were: rural blacks, 0.5%; urban blacks, 1.0%; Indians, 2.6%; coloreds (Eur-African-Malay), 2.2%; Afrikaans whites, 13.4%; and English whites, 9.9%. Corresponding respective annual incidences per 1000 pupils of 10-19 yr were: 0.3, 0.6, 1.9, 1.7, 9.8, and 7.8. Thus, appendectomy is rare or infrequent in all except the white populations. Peak occurrence was postpubertal. There was no consistent sex bias. Dietarily, mean daily fiber intake was relatively low in all groups, 17.9-26.1 g. While the percentage of energy from fat intake was low in blacks, 16.3-22.3%, it was much higher in the other populations, 32.7-39.5%. Clearly, factors other than diet are involved in regulating frequency of appendectomy. While mortality is negligible and morbidity slight, elucidation of causation and prevention of the disease is desirable since subsequently appendectomy patients are at greater than average risk to certain cancers.
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National Security Implications of 1984 Drought in Kenya. - Atambo, Peter G. (1987)
Abstract : This paper analyses the causes of the 1984 drought in Kenya and how the Kenya government reacted to the situation. Kenya had previously enjoyed good climatic conditions, and the rain had enabled her to produce good harvests. The country's economy, it should be noted, depends largely on agriculture. The manner in which the Kenya government handled the famine which was caused by the 1984 drought, should serve as an example for other drought stricken countries to follow. But the political atmosphere in the respective countries will determine the degree of success there.
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Learning African literature - Chimombo, Steve (Wasafiri, 1987)
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The association and implications of anxiety and depression in university medical and paramedical students in Kenya. - Dm, Ndetei (PubMed, 1987)
La depression est plus frequente dans le sexe feminin. Une revue de la litterature est faite
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Education and the Extended Family Ideology: The Case of Nigeria - Ds, Obikeze (Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1987)
The extended family principle provides the ideological basis for social organization, orders social relationships and regulates communal life in most traditional African societies. However, some recent research findings and informed opinions on the effects of Western education, urbanization and industrialization on the extended family system have raised disturbing questions regarding the future of this important institution. The inconclusive nature of the available evidence as it relates to Nigeria has made continued inquiry and the present study necessary. Focusing on level of education and urbanization as the major independent variables, and attitude to basic extended family norms and degree of compliance with customary extended family practices as dependent variables the study seeks to ascertain whether these forces of modernization have produced appreciable effects on the key values that support the extended family ideology. Based on questionnaire data derived from a sample survey of 493 respondents from two communitiesone urban, one ruralthe study found that while majority of respondents considered themselves dutybound to help educate, secure employment for and to extend customary hospitalities to extended family members, the proportion of nonadherents to these ideals increased with the level of education. Effects of education and urbanization were not so clear on pattern of extended family expenditure. However, opinion was strongly expressed, especially among the educated and urban respondents that the extended family places too heavy responsibility on loyal members and that it requires some modifications to serve the present needs of Nigeria.
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The state of the art of education for child survival and development in Tanzania. - Fh, Mrisho (PubMed, 1987)
Tanzania has both a high infant mortality rate (137/10000 live births) and child mortality rate (231/1000), with most deaths reflecting the sequelae of low birthweight. Although 80% of pregnant women attend a prenatal clinic at least once, 50% deliver at home. Similarly, most children are taken to child health clinics initially, but attendance falls to 20% by 5 years of age and only half of Tanzanian children complete the immunization schedule. In response to this situation, the Ministry of Health is formulating training programs for health workers aimed at enhancing child survival. The Ministry of Education, for example, is preparing a teaching manual that covers the 7 years of primary education. A school health program has been launched, on a pilot project basis, in 3 regions of the country and it is anticipated that there will be a spillover effect from the child to his family. The Institute of Adult Education is developing a manual on child survival for use by the general public. The manual covers causes on child deaths, breastfeeding and weaning, child development, family planning and child spacing, and proper management of common childhood diseases. The development of health education materials on child survival for the general population is especially appropriate in Tanzania given it literacy rate of 80% among females and 90% among males.
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The West Midlands — West Africa Project: A Teacher Led In‐Service Course - Harber, Clive (British journal of in-service education, 1987)
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Aphthous ulceration in Nigerian and British medical students - Harries, A. D.; Mohammed, Pervaz; Ks, Chugh; Burnell, D.; Rhodes, J. (International Journal of Clinical Practice, 1987)
International Journal of Clinical PracticeVolume 41, Issue 3 p. 655-658 Clinical Study Aphthous ulceration in Nigerian and British medical students A D Harries MD, MRCP, A D Harries MD, MRCP Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorP Mohammed, P Mohammed Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorK S Chugh MD, FICA, K S Chugh MD, FICA Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorD Burnell MB, D Burnell MB Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CardiffSearch for more papers by this authorJ Rhodes MD, FRCP, Corresponding Author J Rhodes MD, FRCP n/[email protected] Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CardiffCorrespondence to: Dr J Rhodes, Consultant Physician, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW.Search for more papers by this author A D Harries MD, MRCP, A D Harries MD, MRCP Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorP Mohammed, P Mohammed Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorK S Chugh MD, FICA, K S Chugh MD, FICA Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorD Burnell MB, D Burnell MB Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CardiffSearch for more papers by this authorJ Rhodes MD, FRCP, Corresponding Author J Rhodes MD, FRCP n/[email protected] Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CardiffCorrespondence to: Dr J Rhodes, Consultant Physician, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XW.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.1987.tb08081.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume41, Issue3March 1987Pages 655-658 RelatedInformation
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EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON GROWTH RESPONSE IN CORN, SUDAN GRASS, AND BIG BLUESTEM TO GLOMUS ETUNICATUM* - Hetrick, B. A. D.; Kitt, D. Gerschefske; Wiilson, G. Thompson (New phytologist (Print), 1987)
S ummary The responses of mycorrhizal corn ( Zea mays L.), sudan grass [ Sorghum vulgare (Piper) Hitch.], and big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii Vitman) under drought stress were compared. Although growth of each of the plant species benefited from the mycorrhizal fungus under adequately watered conditions, inoculation had no effect on the growth of corn or sudan grass when cyclic drought stress was imposed on these plants. In contrast, growth of mycorrhizal big bluestem was significantly greater than non‐mycorrhizal big bluestem, even under severe drought stress. Drought‐stressed mycorrhizal plants without phosphorus amendment were not larger than drought‐stressed, non‐inoculated, fertilized (15 mg kg 1 p) plants, suggesting no increased drought tolerance. The ability of Glomus etunicatum Becker & Hall to benefit plant growth under drought stress was apparently plant‐mediated and possibly related to the dependency of the plant on this mycorrhizal fungus. Under adequately watered conditions, inoculated corn and sudan grass were respectively 1.23 and 1.13 times larger than non‐inoculated plants, while inoculated big bluestem was 6.56‐fold larger than non‐inoculated control plants.
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Agricultural and non‐agricultural settlements for drought‐afflicted pastoralists in Somalia - Hitchcock, Robert K.; Hussein, Hassan (Disasters, 1987)
The severe drought of 1973–1975 in Somalia had major impacts on pastoral populations, many of whom moved into specially established camps where food, water and medical assistance were provided by the government and international agencies. At the end of the drought it was decided to settle the remaining 120,000 people in six settlements, three of which were agricultural and three oriented towards fishing. This paper analyzes these settlements, with particular attention paid to agricultural systems, organization and socioeconomic characteristics. Some of the problems facing the settlements included their location, administrative structure and relative overemphasis on social services as opposed to development of production and income generating activities. It is shown that the socioeconomic viability of settlements would be enhanced if careful studies were undertaken beforehand and if a diversified development strategy were employed.
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Impairment of DNA formation is an early event in Aspergillus niger under manganese starvation - Hockertz, Stefan; Plönzig, Jürgen; Auling, Georg (Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1987)
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Matching Supply with Demand: Higher Education and the Labor Market. A Comparison of Kenya and Poland. - Hughes, Robert Rees (1987)
ABSTRACT Conditions in Kenya and Poland concerning the labor market and educational preparation for jobs are discussed, along with public policy. In the decade of the 1980s, both nations reached saturation in the labor market and underwent changes in the demand for university-trained workers. Kenya needed highly trained personnel to replace expatriates following the end of colonization. Poland needed highly trained personnel in its change to a socialistic, industrialized nation. Within the last decade both nations have met that need, but in the meantime universities in both nations have continued to pour forth graduates who have continued to find employment (usually within the government) but not always at the level for which they were trained. One alternative to the policy of both Kenya and Poland of absorbing university graduates is to permit market forces to operate. It is suggested that trying to plan for higher education on the basis of labor needs has serious limitations. Opportunity is needed to allow youth, education leaders, and government officials to change direction in response to unpredictable market changes. (SW)
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K-Ar Ages of Volcanic Rocks in the Samburu Hills Area, Northern Kenya - Itaya, Tetsumaru; Sawada, Yoshihiro (1987)
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The adaptation of American business school teaching techniques in Lesotho, Africa: A case study - Masten, John T.; Richard, Donald W. (The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1987)
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The state of the art of education for child survival and development in Kenya. - Mbkikusita-lewanika, I (PubMed, 1987)
UNICEF-supported work (GOBI/FFF) has proposed to early childhood mortality and disease which are free, relevant and available: 1) growth mortality, which can expose malnutrition before it's too late; 2) oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea which is a major killer and is remedied by rehydration salts; 3) breast feeding, which provides immunity, nutrition at low cost, and warmth, and security, and 4) immunization from measles, TB, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, and whooping cough. GOBI/FFF recommends strengthening female education, providing nutritious food, and providing family planning which involves child spacing. Most children in the east African regions are denied the rights outlined in the 1959 UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child, even though governments do provide some level of care. Kenya, with the highest birth rate, has all departments providing some input into the well-being of the child. Several national programs are supported by UNICEF in concert with the Kenya government. The 3 neediest rural districts receive concentrated resources, and the health department has been reorganized to focus on child survival. Integrated community rural development projects are underway. Basic urban services with be provided in Kisumu Municipality in a participatory process with civil servants which will focus on female headed households with lots of children. The emphasis will be on increasing family income. In order to relieve mothers of some of the work burden, technology in food production, and in water and fuel collection will be introduced. Educational materials for young and old people need to be developed. Greater coordination and utilization of resources need to be implemented to insure that all parents are informed of birth spacing, prenatal care, low cost ways of preventing and managing childhood illnesses, how to promote normal physical and mental growth, and birth control.
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Effects of traditional and discovery instructional approaches on learning outcomes for learners of different intellectual development: A study of chemistry students in Zambia - Mulopo, Moses M.; Fowler, H. Seymour (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1987)
Abstract This study examined the differential effectiveness of traditional and discovery methods of instruction for the teaching of science concepts, understandings about science, and scientific attitudes, to learners at the concrete and formal level of cognitive development. The dependent variables were achievement, understanding science, and scientific attitude; assessed through the use of the ACS Achievement Test (high school chemistry, Form 1979), the Test on Understanding Science (Form W), and the Test on Scientific Attitude , respectively. Mode of instruction and cognitive development were the independent variables. Subjects were 120 Form IV (11th grade) males enrolled in chemistry classes in Lusaka, Zambia. Sixty of these were concrete reasoners (mean age = 18.23) randomly selected from one of the two schools. The remaining 60 subjects were formal reasoners (mean age 18.06) randomly selected from a second boys' school. Each of these two groups was randomly split into two subgroups with 30 subjects. Traditional and discovery approaches were randomly assigned to the two subgroups of concrete reasoners and to the two subgroups of formal reasoners. Prior to instruction, the subjects were pretested using the ACS Achievement Test , the Test on Understanding Science , and the Test on Scientific Attitude . Subjects received instruction covering eight chemistry topics during approximately 10 weeks. Posttests followed using the same standard tests. Two‐way analysis of covariance, with pretest scores serving as covariates was used and 0.05 level of significant was accepted. Tukey WSD technique was used as a follow‐up test where applicable. It was found that (1) for the formal reasoners, the discovery group earned significantly higher understanding science scores than the traditional group. For the concrete reasoners mode of instruction did not make a difference; (2) overall, formal reasoners earned significantly higher achievement scores than concrete reasoners; (3) in general, subjects taught by the discovery approach earned significantly higher scientific attitude scores than those taught by the traditional approach. The traditional group outperformed the discovery group in achievement scores. It was concluded that the traditional approach might be an efficient instructional mode for the teaching of scientific facts and principles to high school students, while the discovery approach seemed to be more suitable for teaching scientific attitudes and for promoting understanding about science and scientists among formal operational learners.
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Mental handicap in Nigeria: a study of attitudes in Bendel State - Okoh, Grace (Journal of The British Institute of Mental Handicap (apex), 1987)
SUMMARY The findings of a thirty month study into educational provision for children with severe mental handicaps in Bendel State, Nigeria, reveal that before suitable facilities are provided much work remains to be done to overcome the population's fear and ignorance of mental handicap and to demonstrate that people with mental handicaps can benefit from education and participate in community and family life.
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Smoking patterns in students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. - Onadeko, B.O.; Awotedu, A A; Onadeko, Modupe O. (PubMed, 1987)
A study of the pattern of cigarette smoking among 2317 students of both sexes attending some selected universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and schools of nursing in Nigeria was undertaken by means of questionnaires. It was observed that 436 (30%) of male students and 174 (21%) of female students smoked cigarettes. The prevalence was noted to be on the increase for female students when compared with previous studies carried out in similar institutions in Nigeria. The highest prevalence of smoking was among students from colleges of education. Over 50% of the students were mild smokers while less than 50% had exceeded a duration of 5 years of smoking. The latter finding suggests that it may still be feasible to convince a large proportion of them to stop smoking or to cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked.
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[Medical education in French-speaking Africa south of the Sahara]. - Pène, P (PubMed, 1987)
Etude du bilan des etablissements. Considerations sur le fonctionnement des etablissements et les formations medicales. Perspectives d'avenir
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In Dunkelsten Afrika: Africa in the Student Mind - Porter, Philip W. (Journal of geography (Houston), 1987)
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MODEL RAILWAY FOR TRAINING STAFF IN MOZAMBIQUE - Rochet, P; Barbier, Anne Baroffio (Revue Générale des Chemins de Fer, 1987)
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Citizenship Education in the Primary School: Perceptions of Nigerian Teachers - Sunal, Cynthia Szymanski; Gaba, Barbara B.; Osa, Osayimwense (Theory and Research in Social Education, 1987)
Abstract Nigerian social studies teachers (n = 147) were surveyed to determine their conception of the role, context, and function of citizenship education in the primary school. Subjects represented all major regions, ethnic groups, and religions in Nigeria. Overall, the Nigerian teachers attitudes were somewhat conducive to citizenship education for life in a democratic society, but teachers also perceived limits upon such education.
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Child survival and development education in Uganda. - Ws, Kajubi (PubMed, 1987)
20 years of instability in government in Uganda has lead to an economic collapse and a breakdown in the health care system. The water system failed, hospitals and equipment collapsed, and doctors and medical personnel left the country. Many children who die or are disabled are victims of lack of education. UNICEF has joined with local religious organizations to fight this problem and educate communities on good health practices, especially immunization for children. Use of the mass media is an important part of this program and private print as well as government television and radio are used. The scouts and guides program with UNICEF trained 1000 on immunization service and they will train 10,000 parents. A child health care center developed, with the assistance of UNICEF, conducts workshops in child survival and trains nurses and medical students. An expert panel sets up curricula for schools which includes the following issues: nutrition, water, sanitation, immunization, common diseases, family health, social problems, accidents, and primary health care. This program has been tested in 20 primary schools, and is expected to become country wide. The Child-to Child program is a world-wide group that teaches school age children to become aware of their health. It also promotes public awareness of child health including physical, mental, and social needs. This program has set up many activities including the following: workshops with teachers, students, parents, and others for health education, hospital visits to children, school cleaning competitions, artist workshops, contracts in other countries such as Norway, time on government television and radio, and book publication.
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Marine pollution and health in South Africa. - Brown, Anthea (PubMed, 1987)
Although the RSA does not have a serious marine pollution problem, rapid population growth and increasing industrialization make it imperative to assess the pollution status of coastal waters and to plan for future developments. All pollution on earth ends up in the sea, which consequently contains a mixture of substances, the effects of which on the biota and on human health are poorly understood. Many of these substances are accumulated by marine organisms and become ever more concentrated along the food chain; where man is at the top of the chain, he thus runs the greatest risk of all. Too much raw sewage is allowed to pollute the sea, the provision of sewage treatment plants being largely inadequate for the growing population. Notwithstanding the excellent work done by a number of South African organisations and individuals, and the sound basis of the country's anti-marine pollution legislation, a plea is made for greater co-operation between those whose expertise and/or official position would enable them to contribute to combating the problem.
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Nigerian Business Law: A Guide for Students, Managers and Foreign Investors - Etuk, Efiong J.; Quansah, Edward (1987)
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Assessment of African Self-Consciousness among Black Students from Two College Environments - Baldwin, Joseph A.; Duncan, James; Bell, Yvonne R. (Journal of Black Psychology, 1987)
This research investigated the relationship between social cultural setting and background characteristics to African self-consciousness (ASC) as measured by the ASC Scale. Two hundred fifty Black college students, half from pre dominantly Black Florida A&M University (FAMU) and half from predominantly White Florida State University (FSU), were administered the ASC Scale and a background questionnaire. The findings revealed that: (a) FAMU stu dents obtained significantly higher ASC Scale scores than FSU students; (b) older students obtained significantly higher ASC scores than younger students; (c) upper level students obtained higher ASC scores than lower level stu dents, and this effect was more pronounced for FAMU students than for FSU students; (d) students with Black Studies backgrounds obtained higher ASC Scale scores than did students without this experience, especially for the FSU students; (e) FAMU students with all-Black elementary school backgrounds obtained higher ASC Scale scores than did the other students. It concluded: (a) that the African self-consciousness construct appears to be an important factor in explaining differences in psychological functioning and behavior among Black students in different sociocultural settings; and (b) that Black sociocultural settings and pro- Black experiential emphases are probably facilitative of healthy Black personality functioning.
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Motivation training of Blacks as development strategy for South Africa - Boshoff, A. B.; Cronje, H J; Lange, Daniela (Development Southern Africa, 1987)
This article describes an empirical study in which an attempt was made to increase the level of achievement motivations (nAch) of Black supervisors of two organizations in the construction industry. The theoretical background of the study and the process by means of which an experimental intervention in the form of a nAch training course was incrementally developed, are presented. Major decisions with regard to the empirical work, ie those surrounding measurement methods, are described. The authors then present the results of the data analysis, which included analyses of variance and analyses of covariance. The data analyses made it possible to conclude that the achievement motivation levels of Black male supervisors of relatively low schooling could be increased by the experimental interventions and that the work effectiveness of the experimental group which underwent nAch and career training improved significantly in comparison with a group which only received achievement motivation training and a group which only received placebo treatment. The implications for development of Black people are discussed.
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Rupture complexity of a moderate-sized (mb6.0) earthquake: Broadband body-wave analysis of the North Yemen earthquake of 13 December 1982 - Choy, George L.; Kind, R. (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1987)
Abstract The occurrence of the North Yemen earthquake of 13 December 1982 provides an important opportunity to study source properties of earthquakes in the southern Arabian Peninsula. Although moderate in size (mb 6.0), this earthquake is the largest to have occurred in the region since the deployment of the Global Digital Seismograph Network. P waves recorded at teleseismic distances can be obtained from stations of this network and of the Graefenberg array that are flat to displacement and velocity in the frequency range from 0.01 to 5.0 Hz. The broad bandwidth of the data is necessary for deriving a dynamic description of the earthquake as well as the static properties of the source. In contrast, inversions using only long-period data provide much less insight into the complexity of rupture. By fitting the displacement pulse shapes with synthetics, we find that the Yemen earthquake was a complex rupture consisting of two events that occurred about 3.0 sec apart. The depth of both hypocenters is estimated to be 7 km. The focal mechanisms of the events each have a nodal plane that strikes 340° and dips 60° to the east. However, the slip directions of the focal mechanisms are in slightly different directions, 230° and 300°, respectively. The total moment of the earthquake is 3.0 ×1025 dyne-cm, with the second event having three times the moment of the initial event. By inverting P-wave arrival time differences at each station, we find the second hypocenter is located 7.5 km from the initial hypocenter in a direction that is nearly colinear with the NNW-striking nodal plane of the focal mechanisms of each event. The trend of extensional ground cracks in the epicentral region and the predominant strike of composite focal mechanisms of locally recorded aftershocks are also in a NNW direction. From the consistency of these observations, we infer that the east-dipping NNW-striking nodal planes are the fault planes. The static stress drop of the first and second events are 44 and 31 bars, respectively. Inverting the energy flux in the velocity waveforms, we find the energy radiated by the earthquake is 4.8 ×1020 dyne-cm. This implies an average apparent stress of 4 bars. At different times during the aftershock sequence, seismicity tended to cluster about one or another of two different planes which, although having roughly the same strike, had conjugate dips. One of these planes, delineated late in the aftershock sequence, coincides with the inferred fault plane for the main shock. The complexity of the main shock and of the aftershock sequence suggests that strain accumulated on a system of strongly interdependent faults. As the region became critically loaded, the effect of a major rupture was to critically stress faults adjacent to the initial nucleation. The second event of the main shock represents the rapid release of stress from the fault system, while the ensuing aftershock sequence represents the gradual release of stress.
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Generation of Convective Storms over the Escarpment of Northeastern South Africa - Garstang, Michael; Kelbe, Brian E.; Emmitt, G. D.; London, Wendy B. (Monthly Weather Review, 1987)
The generation of convective storms over the escarpment of the northeastern region of South Africa is examined in terms of synoptic-, meso-, and local forcing. Severe storm days are defined and contrasted with no-storm days over a 5-year period. Storms are associated with midtropospheric troughs in the westerlies which interact with a major topographic boundary. A mesoscale capping inversion is shown to exist in the lee of the escarpment on storm days. Formation of the inversion is enhanced by a diurnal shift in wind direction across the escarpment. The subsidence inversion anchored to the escarpment is deepened during the day by the advection of the daytime mixed layer off an elevated beat source. Development of severe storms occurs selectively in time and space where easterly low-level moist inflow can penetrate the capping inversion. There appears to be a critical relationship between the larger-scale synoptic circulations and the meso- and local-effects for severe storms to develop.
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Beyond Policy and Language Choice: An Analysis of Texts in Four Instructional Contexts in East Africa. Special Studies in Comparative Education, Number Eighteen. - Mbuyi, Dennis (1987)
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Attitudes towards Mathematics of Grade Six Pupils and Teachers from Urban and Rural Communities in Kenya - Okech, Jack Green (Psychological reports, 1987)
From 16 urban and rural elementary schools in Kenya, 669 children in Grade 6 and their 77 teachers of mathematics were randomly selected for study of their attitudes about mathematics. No significant effects of sex or preferred area of study were noted, but urban and rural children were significantly different. Urban girls and rural boys were more positive in their attitudes. Rural male and female teachers differed significantly.
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Teaching physiology in Africa. - Valtin, Heinz (PubMed, 1987)
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Volcanic activity continues at Cameroon lake (Chemical & Engineering News, 1987)
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User Education in Academic Libraries: The Nigeria Situation - Unomah, J. I. (圖書館學與資訊科學, 1987)
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Agricultural development in Drought-Prone Africa (Agricultural Administration and Extension, 1987)
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Report on Oku Volcanic Field (Cameroon) (SEAN bulletin, 1987)
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Towards multicultural education in higher educational institutions in South Africa (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1987)
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An analysis of foreign language lesson discourse : with special reference to the teaching of English in Tunisian secondary schools. - Abdesslem, Habib (1987)
In this thesis a new model for the analysis of foreign language lesson discourse has been developed. It draws on existing models but provides flexibility by focusing on three levels: Frame, Move, Act. An attempt has been made in this thesis to clarify further the domain of pragmatics by looking at the various fields that have contributed to it. This has led the author to (i) differentiate between foreign language lesson discourse and other discourses and (ii) locate the new model in relation to other approaches to discourse analysis. The foregoing discussion has revealed to the author that many researchers and theoreticians have misunderstood many key terms in pragmatics which have contributed to unwarranted positions concerning the role of the teacher and the importance of textbooks in the classroom. A detailed analysis of discourse in eight English lessons in Tunisian secondary schools (two in each of the four years) has been undertaken. The results of the analysis reflect the influence of the textbooks and suggest different degrees of benefit for the learner. There are seven chapters in the thesis. Chapter One reviews the theoretical foundations of the audiolingual method. Chapter Two discusses Chomskyan theory and its influence on approaches to L2 learning and teaching. Chapter Three deals with pragmatics, particularly its relevance to second language learning studies and its importance for the analysis of second language classroom discourse. Chapter Four looks at the communicative approach to second language teaching and related developments in second language acquisition studies. It also discusses Tunisian learners' communication strategies. Chapter Five gives the reader a general background about the Tunisian linguistic community and the educational system there. It also discusses the textbooks used for the teaching of English in Tunisian secondary schools. Chapter Six gives an account of the procedure adopted for data collection and presents in detail the model for the analysis of Tunisian foreign language lesson discourse. Chapter Seven discusses the results of the quantitative analysis of the Tunisian foreign language lesson discourses, and proposes some reforms. The thesis contains a short introduction and conclusion, as well as eight appendices where the orthographic transcription and analysis of each lesson discourse is given. Habib Abdesslem.
openalex: W1575740929 mag: 1575740929
Keywords: openalex:import

Public Service Training in the Sudan: An Overview - Abedin, Najmul (Northeast African Studies, 1987)
openalex: W2992395887 mag: 2992395887
Keywords: openalex:import

Drug-taking among Nigerian students at universities in the United States of America. - Achalu, Onuegbu Emmanuel; Duncan, Duane (PubMed, 1987)
A sample survey of Nigerian students conducted by means of a self-administered drug use questionnaire at three universities in the United States of America showed that at some time in their lives 91.2 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 62.3 per cent tobacco, 30.6 per cent cannabis, 6.3 per cent inhalants, 19.7 per cent amphetamines or amphetamine-type substances, 4.6 per cent cocaine, 2.1 per cent hallucinogens, 23.8 per cent tranquillizers, 4.2 per cent sedatives, 4.2 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 20.5 per cent other opiates. These substances were used for non-medical purposes. In addition, the results of the survey showed that in the last 12 months before the survey 79.1 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 41.8 per cent tobacco, 2.9 per cent inhalants, 19.2 per cent cannabis, 10.4 per cent amphetamines and amphetamine-type substances, 2.1 per cent cocaine, 1.7 per cent hallucinogens, 5.4 per cent tranquillizers, 2.5 per cent sedatives, 2.1 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 8.8 per cent other opiates. The survey also showed that in the last 30 days before the survey 64 per cent of the respondents had used alcoholic beverages, 31.8 per cent tobacco, 2.1 per cent inhalants, 13.9 per cent cannabis, 5.3 per cent amphetamines and amphetamine-type substances, 0.8 per cent cocaine, 1.2 per cent hallucinogens, 2.1 per cent tranquillizers, 2.1 per cent sedatives, 2.1 per cent opium, 1.3 per cent heroin and 5.1 per cent other opiates.
openalex: W127335967 mag: 127335967
Keywords: openalex:import