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This chapter considers the mixed record of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in prosecuting sexual violence crimes. The first section of the paper outlines the Tribunal's record on sexual violence. In the next section, I examine some of the institutional failings identified by Tribunal watchers, drawing on individual cases as illustrations. I then consider in the final section how the Tribunal record on rape prosecutions can be read differently. My aim is to consider the...

Abstract. Impacts of climate variability and land use change on catchment runoff of the Meki River basin were assessed using hydrological modeling. The Modular Modeling System (MMS) was used to build a suitable Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) for the study area, perform sensitivity analysis, model calibration and validation, and scenario analysis. The model calibration and validation periods in this study were divided into three. The calibration period was a five years period...

A survey was conducted using open and close-ended questions to determine how visiting nursing students in Namibia could be assisted during their visits (cultural encounters). Many students decide to complete their clinical exposure in a foreign country, either for personal reasons or in order to meet the course requirements for transcultural nursing. Since 1998, Namibia has received a number of these students. In discussion and from passing remarks from the students themselves, the question...

Trauma is a major problem in both developing and developed countries. World wide road-traffic injuries (RTIs) represent 25% of all trauma deaths. Injuries cause 12% of the global disease burden and are the third commonest cause of death globally. In our own environment, trauma is also important, with RTIs being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is limited data on RTIs in West African countries, and this necessitated our study. We aimed to find common causative factors and...

The major technique for admitting students to an examination over the years has been through the presentation of a token.The student possesses a physical and portable device which contains the user identity.Examples of such devices include ID cards, Library Cards, Fees Clearance Cards, Photo Cards, etc.However, this method of authenticating a student for an examination has an obvious problem.The problem is that object can be misplaced, stolen, forgotten at home or somewhere, and ID card can...

The objective of the research was to determine the perception of climate variability and change by rural communities in Swaziland. Interviews were conducted to a total of 60 members of three rural communities (20 from each community) selected from Middleveld, Lowveld and the Lubombo ecological zones. The reported signs of climate variability included late rains, low rains, drought and famine. The effects of climate variability felt by community members included failure of crops, death of...

This paper investigates the enrolment trends and the critical factors that impinge on students‟ choice of physics as major field of study. The data were generated from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was acquired based on a semi-structured interview with 14 sophomore and 11 senior students and five instructors of the department of physics at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. In addition, data on allocation of students to various major fields as well as quantitative data on academic...

This study examined the predictive power of two selection examination scores on Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) result of pre-degree science students of Benue State University Makurdi-Nigeria with a view to seeking alternative to multiple selection examinations. Out of 1240 candidates that came in for Preliminary Science programme for 2007/2008 session, only 380 passed (that is, a minimum of C grade in the five subjects -- English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics)....

Ernst and Young have been identifying regulation and compliance as business’ top three risks for the last three years. Given the increasing ethical challenges in business, most organisations have tried to curb the situation by code of ethics, values, creating new ethics positions, offering compulsory ethics training and creating whistle blowing channels. The key problem identified was the fact that employees don’t always make appropriate decisions on ethical matters in spite of company...

ABSTRACT Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well‐resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally. Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical research ethics evaluation among targeted countries. Methods: Members of RECs...

This paper analyses changes in university management structures and practices as a response to public sector reforms in Ugandan higher education using Makerere University as a case study. The study uses the organisational learning theory and a review of the higher education literature. Two adaptive responses in the management structures and practices emerge from the empirical discussion based on an analysis of documents. These responses illustrate strategies to fuel innovation and recent...

This article examines the state of female students' enrollment and dismissal rate and major factors that cause them to dropout from the higher learning institutions.Data were collected from the drop out students, instructors, gender officers and guidance and counseling office of the University through questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion.Moreover, secondary data were collected from the university registrar.The results of the study reveal that though the enrollment rate of...

Influence of early literacy on science achievement of Junior Secondary School students was examined in this study.The sample consisted of 360 Junior Secondary School II (JSSII) students(162 females and 198 males, mean age 13.47years, SD= 0.746) randomly selected from 12 co-educational junior secondary schools in Osun state,Nigeria.An achievement test (Integrated Science Achievement Test, 'INSAT') and a questionnaire (Early Literacy Parent Involvement Questionnaire, 'ELIPIQ') were used for...

The objective of this study was to investigate iron status of school children aged 7-12 years in some rural communities in Nigeria as well as identify factors associated with anemia in the children.A total of 249 school children, 120 males and 129 females aged between 7-12 years were used in the study.Haemomoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (PCV) and serum ferritin were used to determine anaemia and iron status in 208 children.The subjects were also screened for malaria parasites and worm infection...

Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation shortfalls on surface (stream-flowlevel) or subsurface water supply (ground-water level). The frequency and severity of hydrological drought is often defined on a catchement. As an important random phenomenon in hydrology, the frequency analysis is necessary in the aim to know about the drought's regime. In order to study the stream flow regime of oued Mina catchment in western of Algeria. Frequency analysis of (...)

We examined self-descriptions of children of Somali refugee families in Australian primary schools, focusing on how children’s school-related skills and needs relate to the interpretive frames of mainstream and ethnic cultures. Three groups of Grade 5 and 6 children (Somali, Disadvantaged, Advantaged) made choices among school-related skills, and rated feelings and needs for the transition to high school. Findings indicate a general goodness of fit between emphases of the mainstream culture...

Purpose This paper is part of the study that was conducted to analyse the LIS postgraduate e‐resources seeking behaviour in Makerere University, Uganda. Its purpose is to present and discuss specifically the problems LIS postgraduate students face in accessing e‐resources. Design/methodology/approach Survey research techniques were used in which the data collected using structured questionnaires were carefully handled and analysed using the Excel computer program to generate the frequencies,...