IMPACT OF STUDENTS' FAILURE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THE NIGERIAN FORMAL EDUCATION IN GOKANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA. - Amadi, Eric Chukweru (2010)
This paper is a systematic study of the 'Impact of students' failure in English Language and the Nigerian Formal Education' over the years in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State especially in WASSCE and NECD. To answer our research questions, the paper adopts the chi-square analysis at 5% level of significance with 6df. Some of the major study findings, causes and impact were identified and recommendations made to reduce students' failure in English Language. Absent of qualified professional English Language teachers, shortcuts for students passing examinations, absent of libraries and modern textbooks were some of the major findings. Education requres the involvement of the various tiers ofgovernments as well as all stake-holders both private and public and should not be politicized. Background to the Study The history of formal education in Nigeria is traceable to the Portuguese traders who came to Benin in the early part of the 15 th century. However, no meaningful development in formal education took root until late 18 th and early 19 th century through the activities of the Christian Missionaries which started in 1842. The missions of the early missionaries were to evangelize and convert Nigerians into Christianity. However, they believed this could only be possible through formal education process which would enable the natives to read and write in their language. This was the basis upon which the need for the establishment of mission schools was conceived and pursued vigorously alongside their main objectives.
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High school principals in South West Ghana : profiles and perceptions regarding problems of practice - Amakyi, Michael (2010)
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Effects of HIV/AIDS and drought on changing cropping patterns: A case study of Zambia - Amanor‐Boadu, Vincent (African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010)
The HIV/AIDS pandemic and changing climate patterns in southern Africa are expected to alter cropping patterns in the region. In this research, an attempt is made to measure and compare the effects of HIV/AIDS and drought on cropping patterns using econometric models and time series data. The research focused on Zambia as a case study and used data taken from 1961 - 2007. The study’s results indicated that while the effect of HIV/AIDS was statistically significant in explaining changes in cropland allocations for both cassava and maize, the effect of drought was only significant in explaining changes in cassava’s cropland allocations. They showed that although the absolute effect of drought on cropping pattern changes was higher in both crops, HIV/AIDS presented a stronger explanatory power. Based on these results, it is recommended that the pursuit of drought-tolerant technologies must continue in countries depending on rain-fed agriculture technologies for their food supply. However, because of the labor supply risk posed by HIV/AIDS to agricultural production, it is important that governments develop partnerships with non-governmental organizations, corporations and foreign governments to help control its spread, reduce the prevalence rate and secure effective therapeutic solutions for infected rural populations.
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Globalisation of theological education and the future of the Church in Africa : some critical reflections towards Edinburgh 2010 and its aftermath - Amanze, James N. (Missionalia : Southern African Journal of Mission Studies, 2010)
This paper discusses the nature of theological education in Africa, which, for the most part, has been along denominational lines designed to create little empires for the churches at the expense of others. The argument of this article is that in the twenty-first century the Church in Africa must seek new models of theological education. As we live in a global village in practically all aspects of life, it has become imperative that theological education be pushed beyond denominational lines and confessional ideologies to the point at which it addresses the problems and needs of humanity as a whole.
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Non-Inclusive Economic Growth of Ethiopia: Evidence from Grass Root Level - Amede, Tewodros Tefera (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Economic growth does not guarantee that all persons in a nation will benefit equally. Growth can bypass the poor or marginalized groups, confine in a particular spatial and sectoral setting and resulting in increasing inequality. This study examines rural household’s perception on how their livelihood status progressing in the last five years and what factors likely influence their perception. Data was collected from a random sample of 188 households living in Meskan District southern Ethiopia. The study finding revealed that 56 per cent of the respondents’ households perceive that their livelihood status was deteriorated and they are getting poorer and more vulnerable than in the past despite the Ethiopia economy grows on average at 5.4% for the period from 1999-2004. The results obtained using ordered probit model indicate that the more households endowed with large landholding size, livestock, draft animals and participate in agricultural extension programme; they are more likely to perceive that their livelihood is getting better off. Livestock and cereals diversification also positively and significantly influence them to perceive that their livelihood is getting along with the recent economic boom of the country. Hence, asset holding is the basic determinant in accessing growth benefits at household’s level and households who are already in the better off position are benefiting from the recent economic growth while asset poor households are excluded and push further to the edge of destitution.
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Environmental Pollution in the Winneba Municipality of the Central Region, Ghana - Ameyaw, Y.; Tachie, T. Y.; Raheem, Kolawole (Research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences, 2010)
The investigation was conducted in ten (10) town sectors in the Winneba Metropolis of the Central Region, Ghana. Questionnaires, interviews and observations were used to solicit information from the inhabitants on environmental issues pertaining in their communities. The major forms of pollution were identified as water, land, noise and air. Domestic, agricultural, industrial and construction were the sources of waste generated in the municipality. Indiscriminate damping of household and market waste in and around the town is a major problem. Some recommendations have been given to help solve environmental problems confronting the metropolis, which can again be used as a yardstick for other communities in the country.
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Access, Utilisation and Quality of Schoolnet Facilities as Predictors of Secondary School Students’ Learning Outcomes in ICT in Southwest, Nigeria - Amoo, Sikiru A. (2010)
A Thesis in the International Centre for Educational Evaluation Submitted to the Institute of Education, in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Evaluation of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE UPON UNGULATES AND BIODIVERSITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - Amouzou, Kossi Eyram (Galemys: Boletín informativo de la Sociedad Española para la conservación y estudio de los mamíferos, 2010)
espanolAfrica es una de las regiones mas vulnerables del mundo al cambio climatico, que representa una seria amenaza para la supervivencia de muchas especies y el bienestar humano en todo el mundo. En Africa, la biodiversidad se ve amenazada por multiples factores de estres. El cambio climatico es uno entre varios factores de presion. Entre zonas amenazas se incluyen el aumento de la conversion del uso del suelo y la posterior destruccion del habitat, la contaminacion y la introduccion de especies exoticas. El cambio en el uso del suelo de habitat silvestre a uso para la agricultura, ganaderia y explotacion maderera conlleva la perdida y fragmentacion de habitat y la introduccion de especies exoticas, que tienen un impacto negativo sobre la biodiversidad. Dada esta multitud de factores de estres para la biodiversidad, el cambio climatico podria exacerbar el estres sobre los sistemas ambientales hasta un punto en el que les sea imposible recuperarse. La conservacion de la biodiversidad africana garantizara la provision de bienes y servicios ambientales necesarios a los sistemas que sustentan la vida humana. Se necesita un enfoque integral en la gestion ambiental para garantizar beneficios sostenibles para el continente africano. EnglishAfrica is one of me mast vulnerable regions in me world to climate change. Climate change poses a serious threat to the survival of many species and to the well-being of people around the world. Biodiversity in Africa is under threat from multiple stresses. Climate change is one of several pressures. Other threats include increasing land use conversion and subsequent destruction of habitat; pollution; and the introduction of exotic species. Land-use conversion from wild habitat to agricultural, grazing and logging uses, leads lo habitat loss, fragmentation and introduction of exotic species all of which adversely impact biodiversity. Given this multitude of stress factors on biodiversity, climate change may exacerbate me stress on environmental systems beyond recovery. The conservation of African biodiversity will ensure delivery of ecosystem goods and services necessary to human life support systems. An integrated approach to environmental management is needed to ensure sustainable benefits for Africa.
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An Exploratory Study of Mathematics Teaching and Learning in Ghana: Hearing Students’ Voices - Ampadu, Ernest (2010)
The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore the views of junior high school students (12-14 years) on the nature of their mathematics lessons and some of the challenges they face when learning mathematics. The study involved 21 students from 3 junior high schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire, which was administered to the 21 students. The data from the questionnaire was arranged serially and coded, after which it was fed into the computer and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that most of the students who took part in the study experience mathematics in the traditional way, where they have to sit back and listen to their teacher with little or no active participation in the teaching and learning process. In addition to this, the study revealed that students encounter many challenges learning mathematics both at school and at home, and these challenges were threefold: student, school and home related challenges. Though the respondents indicated that there are some personal and home-related challenges which impact on their learning and understanding of mathematics, there are also common challenges that related to classroom factors. The results from the study suggest that there is the need for further research in the area to understand the holistic views of students on the teaching and learning of mathematics, in our quest for improving the teaching and learning of the subject.
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Effects of training and facilitation of farmers in Uganda on livestock development - Ampaire, Agatha; Rothschild, Max F. (Livestock research for rural development, 2010)
Development efforts in lower income countries generally aim to improve the income and nutrition of rural farming households. Frequently development programs train farmers and give them livestock so that those farmers in turn train other farmers and pass on the livestock in the form of offspring. The paper examines the effects of training and facilitation of farmers on livestock development by discussing the differences in performance indicators of three farmer groups. The first group received training and support from a development program, the second group received less training and support from the program and the third group did not receive training or support. Results show that in some ways training and facilitation is of advantage to the farmers, but sometimes other factors such as the farmers’ resources are limiting to the farmers’ progress.
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Overage Enrolment in Basic Schools in Ghana: Why does it Matter? - Ampiah, Joseph Ghartey (2010)
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Socio-demographic determinants and impact on academic performance of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school children in Benin City, Nigeria - Amuabunos, A E; Ofovwe, G E; Ibadin, O M (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
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A critique of Kenya Anti-corruption Commission's initiatives in combating corruption and its implications for education in the light of aristotelian concept of Akrasia - Amukowa, Wycliffe (2010)
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Genesis, Developments, Practices, and Problems of Teacher Training: the Experience from Tanzania - Anangisye, William A. L. (2010)
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Revisiting the Alternative Responses to the Perceived Quality “Decline” in Basic Education in Tanzania - Anangisye, William A. L. (Kedi Journal of Educational Policy, 2010)
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Women in economic research and graduate training in Southern African - Ancharaz, Vinaye Dey; Backlund-Rambaree, Brita (2010)
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Integrating the Arts in Early Childhood Education in Kenya: Possibilities for the Creative Mind - Andang’o, Elizabeth Achieng' (2010)
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Awareness of Water Pollution as a Problem and the Decision to Treat Drinking Water Among Rural African Households with Unclean Drinking Water: South Africa 2005 - Anderson, Barbara A.; Romani, John H.; Wentzel, M.; Phillips, Heston (2010)
Factors related to household perception of water pollution as a problem, treatment of drinking water and choice of chemical treatment are examined for rural African households in South Africa in 2005 that use an unclean drinking water source. Only 19% of these households ever treat their drinking water. The less clean the water and the more distant the water source, the more likely the household is to perceive water pollution as a problem; education of household members does not matter. Households with less clean water, more educated household members, and that perceive water pollution as a problem are more likely to treat their water. Boiling and chemicals are the most common treatment methods. These are not good choices. Households on average spend 8 hours a week fetching water and 6 hours a week fetching wood or dung. Boiling decreases water volume and requires fuel. Chemicals cost money that many households can ill afford. Households with less clean water, with more educated members, with higher overall expenditures and with a more distant water source are more likely to chemically treat their water than to use another treatment option. Provision of free or subsidized treatment chemicals would likely lead to a much higher percent of households treating their drinking water.
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Physical disability and sexuality : A qualitative study on challenges and expectations connected to sexuality seen from the view of Tanzanian women living with physical disabilities - Andersson, Johanna (2010)
This thesis is a qualitative interview study with the purpose of describing how women living with physical disabilities view their experiences and expectations connected to sexuality. It also aims ...
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Participatory modelling for locally proposed climate change adaptation related to water and agriculture in South Africa - Andersson, Lotta; Wilk, Julie; Graham, Phil; Warburton, Michele (IAHS-AISH publication, 2010)
The participatory modelling project (PAMO) carried out in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa assessed vulnerability to climate variability and change on water resources through direct involvemen ...
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The use of the PhonicStick in group training : Can South African children age 5-6 improve their phonological awareness by using the PhonicStick? - Andersz, Caroline; Hansson, Anna-Maria (2010)
Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize, reflect on and manipulate sound structures of a language. This ability has been shown to be crucial when acquiring literacy. The PhonicStick is a ...
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Relation between Regional Lineament Systems and Geological Structures: Implications for Understanding Structural Controls of Geothermal System in the Volcanic Area of Itasy, Madagascar - Andrianaivo, Lala; Ramasiarinoro, Voahanginirina J. (2010)
No detailed investigations have been conducted on the specific structural controls of geothermal individual fields in Madagascar. Knowledge of such structures would facilitate exploration models. In this study, we utilize satellite imagery, field investigations and compilation of existing data, to characterize the age and the role of faults in the geothermal system of the volcanic area of Itasy. The correspondence between the remote sensing-derived aligned features (lineaments) and the geological structures of the area was verified by means of our own geological field surveys. The lithology of Quaternary section consists of volcanic rocks including Pleistocene trachyte, limburgite, basanite, basalt and ordanchite lavas overlain by sequences of intercalated ash-flow tuffs. The Precambrian basement is mainly composed of migmatitic gneiss and shows high fracture density. This section is fragmented into multiple north to north-northeast-trending fault blocks. Most of the major geothermal sites occur along or near the north to north-northeast-striking faults that roughly parallel the volcanic area. This belt is called to as the Itasy structural zone. Major fractures and faults arranged broadly in northsouth structures suggest east-west thinning and extension direction. These faults, distributed across the ancient crystalline basement exhibit a pre-Pleistocene rupture history. We speculate that the geothermal system may have experienced transtensional strain fields in association with left-lateral slip along a major strike-slip fault zone. The strike-slip basins recognized in this releasing bend may be a negative flower structure or a classical pull-apart basin caused by dilational left-stepover of the master fault. The structural settings favoring geothermal activity all involve subvertical conduits of highly fractured rock along fault zones oriented approximately perpendicular to the foliation of Precambrian migmatitic gneiss and increase dilation, thereby allowing geothermal fluids to approach the surface.
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Enhancing adaptive capacity ? towards climate-resilient agro-food systems for sub-Saharan Africa - Andriesse, W.; Bindraban, P.S.; Burger, C.P.J.; Helder, J.J.A.; Hengsdijk, H.; Huijsman, A.; Mansfeld, M.J.M. van; Meijerink, G.W.; Meinke, Holger; Oort, P.A.J. van; Roest, C.W.J.; Vellinga, Th.V.; et al. (2010)
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Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt - Angel‐Urdinola, Diego F. (World Bank Other Operational Studies, 2010)
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The Interface between Early School Leaving and the Conflict in Northern Uganda - Angucia, Margaret; Amone-P’Olak, Kennedy (2010)
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Psychological distress among trainee teachers in Nigeria: Association with religious practice - Ani, Cornelius; Kinanee, Joseph B.; Ola, Bolanle (European Journal of Education Studies, 2010)
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Psychological distress among trainee teachers in Nigeria: Association with religious practice - Ani, Cornelius; Kinanee, Joseph B.; Ola, Bolanle (European Journal of Education Studies, 2010)
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Medical Education in Nigeria: Status and travails of medical publications - Anyanwu, Snc (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2010)
It is generally accepted that the level of healthcare delivery in a society is directly related to the amount of research and dissemination of research information. Journals are a veritable tool in driving research and in continuing medical education..Fundamental tenet of academia is an obligation to disseminate acquired knowledgeJournal publications rank very high in the hierarchy of sources for decisions on healthcare funding, research endeavours and patient carePrevious studies have alluded to the underdeveloped CME and poor reading culture among Nigerian doctors. A review of the role of Nigerian medical publications in world literature shows a level probably similar to our Health status indices with poor per capita contribution to world knowledge. Only 9 journals published within Nigeria are in PUBMED with 8 having 2010 articles. Of the 45 Medical journals listed in AJOL from Nigeria only 12 have any articles in 2010. A review of causes implicated the following poor funding, poor infrastructure, poor distribution systems, poor institutional support and sharp author and editorial practices. Remedial factors highlighted included institutional commitment to philosophy of research and publications, institutional review boards and measures to eliminate common author-associated fraudulent practices like plagiarism, duplicate publication, salami slicing and others. Editor / reviewer/ author training programs should be instituted. The use of current technology like etBLAST, Cross-Ref, Plagiarism checker, Google scholar and others to check widespread author sharp practices are recommended. Keyword : medical education, medical publications, Nigeria
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Modeling hydrology and diffuse pollution loading to assess surface water quality for an upland Tunisian agricultural catchment. - Aouissi, Jalel; Benabdallah, Sihem; Lili-Chabaane, Zohra; Cudennec, Christophe (2010)
Modeling hydrology and diffuse pollution loading to assess surface water quality for an upland Tunisian agricultural catchment
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Effects of Global Climate Change on Nigerian Agriculture: An Empirical Analysis - Apata, Temidayo Gabriel; Ogunyinka, A.I.; Sanusi, R.A.; Ogunwande, S. (2010)
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effects of global warming on Nigerian agriculture and estimation of the determinants of adaptation to climate change. Data used for this study are from both secondary and primary sources. The set of secondary sources of data helped to examine the coverage of the three scenarios (1971-1980; 1981-1990 and 1991-2000). The primary data set consists of 1500 respondents’ but only 1250 cases were useful. This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures using a Multinomial choice and stochastic-simulation model to investigate the effects of rapid climatic change on grain production and the human population in Nigeria. The model calculates the production, consumption and storage of grains under different climate scenarios over a 10-year scenery. In most scenarios, either an optimistic baseline annual increase of agricultural output of 1.85% or a more pessimistic appraisal of 0.75% was used. The rate of natural increase of the human population exclusive of excess hunger-related deaths was set at 1.65% per year. Results indicated that hunger-related deaths could double if grain productions do not keep pace with population growth in an unfavourable climatic environment. However, Climate change adaptations have significant impact on farm productivity.
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Occult 'Sindaun' in a Papua New Guinea Secondary School - Api, Unia (Catalyst, 2010)
Occultism is a current practice among students in contemporary PNG educational institutions. Judy Tatu Drawii claimed: 'for someone to go through the education system and deny that one has any knowledge or awareness of cult practices is to deny what has become de facto standard practice in our schools.' The word 'occult' comes from the Latin word 'occultus' and it carries the idea of things hidden, 'covered over', secret and mysterious. There are three distinct characteristics of the occult: (a) the occult deals with the things secret or hidden, (b) the occult deals with operations or events which seem to depend on human powers that go beyond the five senses, and (c) the occult deals with the supernatural, the presence of angelic or demonic forces. These characteristics are associated with rites and ceremonies.
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Israel/Palestine, Unequal Power, and Movements for Democratic Education - Apple, Michael W.; Meshulam, A. (2010)
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Reflecting upon the entrepreneurship initiatives in new emerging African nations: zooming the cultural lens on education systems in two former German colonies - April, Wilfred Isak (World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2010)
This paper seeks to explore and develop an understanding why there are significant differences in terms of entrepreneurial development amongst the West African nation of Ghana and the Southern African nation of Namibia. More importantly, this paper aims to create understanding as to why Ghana which was the first African nation to receive independence in sub-Saharan Africa from colonial rule; a country which was a primary role model for many African states has such a low level of literacy which could hinder entrepreneurial development, in comparison to Namibia which is one of the last nations to gain its independence. This is a continuing debate, and this paper is only one of the few experiments which were conducted among African nations. Any changes which occurred in Ghana and Namibia after colonisation should be viewed within the cultural context within which each of these nations and the cooperation which exist amongst the citizens of each nation.
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Impacts of Climate Change and Smallholder Adaptation Strategies in Africa: What Roles for Research? - Arendse, A.; Crane, Todd A. (2010)
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Development of feasible sustainable agriculture strategies in a climate change context in Ethiopia - Arets, E.J.M.M.; Geene, J. van; Ludwig, Fulco; Schils, R.L.M.; Verburg, R.W.; Verhagen, A.; Scheltinga, C.T.H.M. Terwisscha Van (2010)
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SCHOOL COUNSELLORS’ ROLES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION [UBE] SCHEME IN NIGERIA - Arhedo; Azetta, Philip (2010)
The Universal Basic Education (UBE) scheme, which came into existence in September 1999, was lauded by the Federal Government of Nigeria as a preferred programme of Nigeria’s basic education service. It is expected to provide full and compulsory education from primary one all through to junior secondary school 3 (that is nine years of compulsory schooling). This paper discussed ways in which Universal Basic Education (UBE) could be successfully implemented in order to attain national integration and development. The review of relevant literature shows that lack of resources and political manipulation of programmes are the two critical problems that could hamper a successful implementation of UBE. To get the dividends of Education For All (EFA) by 2015, we need the services of school counsellors in order to be able to implement the UBE programmes successfully. The paper thus recommended that the three-tiers of government local, state, and federal must utilise the services of school counsellors in order to successfully implement the scheme in Nigeria.
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Complementary Education and Access to Primary Schooling in Northern Ghana - Arkorful, K. (2010)
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Adapting to Climate Change An Integrated Biophysical and Economic Assessment for Mozambique - Arndt, Channing; Strzepeck, Kenneth; Tarp, Finn; Thurlow, James; Fant, Charles; Wright, Len (2010)
Mozambique, like many African countries, is already highly susceptible to climate variability and extreme weather events. Climate change threatens to heighten this vulnerability. In order to evaluate potential impacts and adaptation options for Mozambique, we develop an integrated modelling framework that translates atmospheric changes from general circulation model projections into biophysical outcomes via detailed hydrologic, crop, hydropower and infrastructure models. These sector models simulate a historical baseline and four extreme climate change scenarios. Sector results are then passed down to a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, which is used to estimate economy-wide impacts on national welfare, as well as the total cost of damages caused by climate change. Potential damages without changes in policy are significant; our discounted estimates range from US$2.3 to US$7.4 billion during 2003– 50. Our analysis identifies improved road design and agricultural sector investments as key ‘no-regret’ adaptation measures, alongside intensified efforts to develop a more flexible and resilient society. Our findings also support the need for cooperative river basin management and the regional coordination of adaptation strategies.
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Adapting to Climate Change: An Integrated Biophysical and Economic Assessment for Mozambique - Arndt, Channing; Strzepek, Kenneth; Tarp, Finn; Thurlow, James (2010)
Mozambique, like many African countries, is already highly susceptible to climate variability and extreme weather events. Climate change threatens to heighten this vulnerability. In order to evaluate potential impacts and adaptation options for Mozambique, we develop an integrated modelling framework that translates atmospheric changes from general circulation model projections into biophysical outcomes via detailed hydrologic, crop, hydropower and infrastructure models. These sector models simulate a historical baseline and four extreme climate change scenarios. Sector results are then passed down to a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, which is used to estimate economy-wide impacts on national welfare, as well as the total cost of damages caused by climate change. Potential damages without changes in policy are significant; our discounted estimates range from US$2 to US$7 billion during 2003–50. Our analysis identifies improved road design and agricultural sector investments as key ‘no-regret’ adaptation measures, alongside intensified efforts to develop a more flexible and resilient society. Our findings also support the need for cooperative river basin management and the regional coordination of adaptation strategies.
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Earthquakes In Egypt In The Pharaonic Period: The Evidence At Dahshur In The Late Middle Kingdom - Arnold, Dieter (2010)
Mediterranean archaeology is increasingly concerned with the impact of earthquakes on ancient monuments and cultures, as demonstrated, for example, by a conference on Archaeoseismology in 1995 in Athens. Egypt, however, located at the boundary of the African and the Arabian plates, is an earthquake-prone land. Numerous severe earthquakes in Egypt are recorded from the Roman Period through the Middle Ages and in modern times. A study of structural damage to the monuments of Dahshur automatically brings to mind the Dahshur pyramid of Amenemhat III. Exploration of the underground apartments of that pyramid has clearly shown that a catastrophic event brought construction work to an end shortly before the completion of the interior rooms, at a moment when the above-ground buildings had already been built, even after the pyramid temple was decorated. Huge cracks also split the granite blocks of the crypt of Amenemhat I at Lisht. Keywords: Amenemhat; Athens; Dahshur; earthquakes; Egypt
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Rainwater Harvesting in Rural Kenya Reliability in a Variable and Changing Climate - Aroka, Nelly (2010)
In many parts of the tropics irregular and erratic rainfall has great national economic as well as socio-economic effects. In Kenya, where a large part of the population live in rural areas and rai ...
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The Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa - Asafu‐Adjaye, John (The international journal of climate change: Impacts and responses, 2010)
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of climate change on trade and competitiveness in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and to address the implications for managing the impacts, including the options for mitigation and adaptation. The African continent is particularly vulnerable to climate change for a variety of reasons including the fact that the majority of the countries are reliant on agriculture, which is particularly sensitive to climate change and variability. Furthermore, the low per capita incomes and the existing stresses present unique challenges to adapting to climate change. Forecasts indicate that agricultural productivity decline for SSA as a whole could be about 28% on average without carbon fertilisation by the 2080s, and about 18% with carbon fertilisation. However, these figures mask the extreme nature of the losses for some countries. For example, for countries that are dependent on dryland agriculture, productivity losses could be as much as 100%. The study simulated the macroeconomic implications of the decline in agricultural productivity using a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. It was found that GDP increases for the EU, Japan and the US but decreases by significant amounts in the SSA region. The terms of trade declines in SSA, leading to a reduction of disposable incomes and hence a reduction in welfare. Issues and challenges relating to adaptation and mitigation, as well as options for managing the impact of climate change and the role of key stakeholders, are discussed.
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Right to universal basic education in Ghana: the realities in rural communities - Asare, Barbara (2010)
Universal Basic education is a right for every child of school going age. This right is outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The laws of Ghana outlines this rights and stipulates that every child has the right to free compulsory basic primary education. Several efforts by the Government of Ghana have been made to make education accessible to children living in all every part of the country. Children should be seen enjoying their rights and privileges enshrined in the constitution and legal instruments that protect them. However it is not always so, many parts of Ghana especially the rural and deprived areas are denied equal right and equal access to quality basic primary education. Children living in such area are the most deprived and underprivileged in the prevailing education system. The study aimed at identifying some problems that children living in the rural areas faced in accessing their right to basic education and interventions that could help solve or minimize those problems. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods. The objectives of this study were to find out the major challenges confronting the provision of basic education to children living in a rural area, and gain knowledge of how well children and adults living in this rural area know about children‟s right to basic education. Through methods like focus group discussions, children‟s view were sought on the challenges they faced in school. Other methods such as participant observations and interviews were also employed in the study. Various problems were identified by my respondents and solutions given to help solve problems mentioned. The study realized that the state as well as parents had a role to play in providing children especially those living in deprived areas, with the quality education they deserved. It was also realized that in studying children, they society from which they lived could not be ignored as society played an important role in their lives. Also children were to be studied as subject in their own rights and be seen as active participants in the society capable of effecting changes. Therefore children are to be included in studies that concern them; researchers are tasked to include methods that would involve children active participation.
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Benefits for the local vegetable farmer from the Ghana school feeding programme: the case of vegetable production in the Ga East Municipality in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana - Asare, Isaac (2010)
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Strengthening Community Led Resilience to Threats of Climate Change in Africa. Case Study Uganda - Asea, Solomon Tipelle (2010)
Impacts of extreme events caused by climate change, particularly heavy rains that lead tofloods and the prolonged recurrent droughts are now a regular occurance across the entireAfrican continent, hindering the region’s ability to be able to meet the MDGs by 2015. Africais already described as the most vulnerable and least prepared continent to these impacts andwith the lowest adaptive capacity levels attributed to limited financial, technological andinstitutional resources available.Rural communities in Africa are the most affected and vulnerable because they are often thepoorest, rely heavily on rain-fed, small scale subsistence farming, are uninformed and live inunplanned settlements. The external enabling environment is ineffective too with lack of orpoor and unplanned infrastructure, limited or no industrial activities, no regular disaster riskassessments and above all, no working policy on climate change adaptation.Teso Region in Uganda is described as one of the most vulnerable regions in the countryfaced with recurrent prolonged droughts and incidents of erratic and heavy rains, the mostrecent of which were the floods of 2007. Communities describe the current state of events as‘reactionary’ in nature instead of a more proactive environment.What they need to be more resilient is timely and right information, education and awarenessprogrammes, diversifcation of rural activities, introduction of appropriate technologies forenergy and water efficiency as well as women involvement in the planning process are themain issues raised by communities necessary for their empowerement. However, these cannotbe implemented without the external enabling sectors most notably the early warning systems,regular risk assessments, rural development and CDM, financial incentives and the activemedia. The use of the Participatory RRA approach to development is highly recommended.
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Access And Use Of Information And Communication Technology (ICT) For Administrative Purposes By Principals Of Government Secondary Schools In Nigeria - Asiabaka, Ihuoma P. (2010)
The study investigated the access and use of information and communication technology for administrative purposes by Principals of Government Secondary Schools in Imo State, Nigeria. The survey method was used for the study. Data for the research work was collected with the use of questionnaire, which was administered to the Principals of Government Secondary Schools in Imo State of Nigeria. The instrument solicited for information on the principals' access and use of selected ICT for administrative and managerial duties. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 130 principals out of the 621 Principals. Findings revealed that majority of the Principals never used the broadcast/audiovisual and telecommunication/computer technologies for administrative purposes. Furthermore, findings also showed that majority of the principals used print technology for various administrative purposes. The study therefore recommended that needs assessment be carried out to facilitate development and deployment of ICT in secondary schools. It also recommended that the government should look into the issues of funding of education in general and ICT in particular. (Researcher. 2010;2(1):43-50) (ISSN:1553-9865)
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SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE ROLE OF THEIR COUNSELLORS IN THE KUMASI METROPOLIS OF THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA - Assabieh, Juliana Audria (2010)
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Public Expenditure Tracking Survey in Secondary Education in Tanzania - Assad, Mussa Juma (2010)
Full text can be accessed at the following link http://journal.ifm.ac.tz/index.php/AJFM/article/view/25
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Strategic plan implementation at the Higher Education Loans Board of Kenya - Atandi, Beatrice K (2010)
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Managers training and development in the Egyptian hospitality industry - Atef, Tamer Mohamed; Megahed, Farida; Hewedi, M. M. (2010)
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Child labor, school attendance and access to health care services by children: evidence from Ghana - Atella, Vincenzo; Rossi, Mariacristina (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
The paper develops a simple two-period model relating child labor, child school attendance and child health care access in LDCs showing that child labor is positively correlated to access to health care services. In fact, higher medical expenditure generates better health and, therefore, higher child productivity. Accumulation of human capital, which generates higher future utility, comes at the expense of current productivity and consumption. The optimal choice of child labor is such that the marginal benefit of schooling is equal to the marginal productivity of child labor, which is enhanced by additional medical expenditure. Under this theoretical set-up we expect medical expenditure and child labor to be positively correlated, with parents caring more for their children if they contribute to household income. We explore these relationships using a micro data set from Ghana LSS for the year 1999. Empirical results confirm the model theoretical predictions.
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Child labor, school attendance and access to health care services by children: evidence from Ghana 1 - Atella, Vincenzo; Rossi, Mariacristina (Carlo Alberto Notebooks, 2010)
The paper develops a simple two-period model relating child labor, child school attendance and child health care access in LDCs showing that child labor is positively correlated to access to health care services. In fact, higher medical expenditure generates better health and, therefore, higher child productivity. Accumulation of human capital, which generates higher future utility, comes at the expense of current productivity and consumption. The optimal choice of child labor is such that the marginal benefit of schooling is equal to the marginal productivity of child labor, which is enhanced by additional medical expenditure. Under this theoretical set-up we expect medical expenditure and child labor to be positively correlated, with parents caring more for their children if they contribute to household income. We explore these relationships using a micro data set from Ghana LSS for the year 1999. Empirical results confirm the model theoretical predictions.
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Mining and heavy metal pollution: assessment of aquatic environments in Tarkwa (Ghana) using multivariate statistical analysis - Ato, Armah Frederick; Obiri, Samuel; Yawson, David O.; Pappoe, Alex Nii Moi; Akoto, Bismark (2010)
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What impact does skills training have? A tracer study of students of a saddlery, farriery, and business skills training programme conducted in Lesotho in 2007. - Attwood, Gaynor; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Verheyen, K. L. P. (2010)
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Does education make a difference? : an exploration of education and gender in a South African context - Augestad, Heidi Lindberg (2010)
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Supporting English language learning by bridging from childrens' first languages in Papua New Guinea: An analysis of Grade 3 teachers' conceptions and practices - August, Matilda (2010)
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Perceived Factors that Influence Career Decision Self-efficacy and Engineering Related Goal Intentions of African American High School Students - Austin, Chandra (Career and Technical Education Research, 2010)
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Distribution of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Soils around the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Zaria-Nigeria - Auwal, Musa; Idris, Isa Funtua; Abdullahi, Suleiman; Funtua, I. I.; Malam, Peter (2010)
A portable HPGe spectrometer has been employed to characterised, in-situ gamma activity concentration from the primordial Radionuclides U, Th K in the soil at 12 monitoring points (MPs) in the environment in and around the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The MPs were marked-out using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. The measured activity concentrations due to U range from 4.8 ± 3.0 to 11.9 ± 2.0 Bq kg with an average of 8.3 ± 2.6 Bq kg, Th range from 15.5 ± 4.3 to 46.4 ± 3.5 Bq kg with an average of 34.3 ± 3.4 Bq kg and K range from 317.2 ± 8.4 to 985.3 ± 7.0 Bq kg with an average of 641.8 ± 7.3 Bq kg. [Muhammad, Musa Auwal; Idris, Isa Funtua; Simon, Peter Malam and Arabi, Suleiman Abdullahi. Distribution of Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides in Soils around the Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT) Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Zaria-Nigeria. Journal of American Science 2010;6(12):995-1001]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.
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An investigation into the organisational culture at an academically successful secondary school in Namibia - Awarab, Erwin Ronald (2010)
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The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement of Girls with Hearing Impairments in Secondary Schools for the Deaf in Kenya - Awori, Beatrice Bunyasi; Mugo, John Kabutha; Orodho, John Aluko; Karugu, Geoffrey K. (Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2010)
Several factors had been cited as contributing to the perpetually dismal academic achievement of girls with hearing impairment in Kenya. Personal esteem factors had not been adequately explored. The study used Carl Roger’s client-centered theory and an Expost facto design. Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to measure self-esteem dimensions. School academic scores were used to measure academic achievement. A sample of fifty-three girls was drawn. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results: girls with hearing impairment possessed positive/high self-esteem but academic achievement was low. It was concluded that girls with hearing impairment placed more value on relational aspects (grooming), music and dance. They lagged behind due to lack of specialized technological devices. The study recommended: teachers to make deliberate use of positive reinforcement; principals to initiate active collaborations with interested partners; the government to make the curriculum more flexible and curriculum developers to reconsider curricula adaptation. Kenya National Examination Council to focus on practical assessment and/or use of sign language interpreters. The government to increase disability fund and provide opportunities for capacity building for assistive-devices-technicians. Further research in the area of teachers’ proficiency in Kenya Sign Language to be conducted.
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Challenges to strategy implementation at Teachers Service Commission, Kenya - Ayabei, K Silas (2010)
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Knowledge and attitude of guardians towards eye health of primary school pupils in Ilorin, Nigeria - Ayanniyi, Abdulkabir Ayansiji; Olatunji, FO; Alameddine, Mahmoud; Ayanniyi, RO (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010)
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Sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among patients visiting the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana - Ayeh‐Kumi, Patrick F.; Opoku, A. G.; Kwakye-Nuako, Godwin; Dayie, Nicholas T. K. D.; Asmah, Richard Harry; Nkrumah, N. O.; Lartey, Margaret; Sagoe, Augustine; Attipoe, M. I.; Osafo, K. A.; Kretchy, J. P. (2010)
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It affects up to about one third of the human population worldwide. Toxoplasmosis in neonates and immunocompromised patients can lead to severe disease and even death. However, there is a lack in knowledge concerning the extent of the toxoplasmosis problem in Ghana. In the present study, we determined the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients visiting visiting Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 165 patients studied, IgG antibodies were found in 32.7% (95% CI: 25.0 – 39.3%). IgM and IgA seroprevalence were 29.7% (95% CI: 22.2 – 36.1%) respectively. There was significant association between seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and gender (P 0.05) was observed between the age groups and seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Ourstudy reveals an overall high seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis among patients visit ing the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Public campaigns may be necessary to educate the Ghanaians about ways to minimise exposure Toxoplasma gondii.
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Evaluation of the Extent of Achievement of the Objectives of NEPAD Schools’ ICT Project in Kenya - Ayere, Mildred; Odera, Florence Y. (2010)
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A Comparison of Information and Communication Technology Application in New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and Non-NEPAD Schools in Kenya - Ayere, Mildred; Odera, Florence Y.; Agak, John (Journal of Information Technology Education, 2010)
To date, less than ten percent of secondary schools in Kenya offer computer studies as a subject in the curriculum despite its perceived role in the nation's socio-economic development.The few schools that have an Information Communication Technology (ICT) programme limit the number of candidates who take up the subject, considering it a specialty despite its being an essential subject as other compulsory subjects like Mathematics and Languages.The ideal situation would be to have ICT mainstreamed in all school subjects such that it would be integrated in Geography, History, Commerce, Physics, etc.The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) programme was expected to integrate ICT in all subject areas and to empower the school community with ICT skills.The government decided to use six schools in the NEPAD programme instead of expanding the provision of computers to more secondary schools in the country.It appears that the NEPAD schools project was given preference over all the other ICT programmes in the country then.It was therefore necessary to investigate the reasons for the preferential treatment.As a result this study sought to compare ICT application areas in NEPAD and non-NEPAD schools in Kenya in order to gauge the value of the new programme.The study used a combination of descriptive survey and ex-post-factor design to compare areas of ICT application in the two categories of schools.The findings indicated a significant difference in ICT application areas in NE-PAD and non-NEPAD schools.Specifically, learners in NEPAD schools (Mean=6.65+0.360) posted a higher mean grade than their non-NEPAD (Mean=5.70+0.297)counterparts in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examinations.However, the professional qualification of teachers in NEPAD and Non-NEPAD schools was not significantly different.The results of the study could provide the ministry of education with documentary evidence of the contributions of the NEPAD program to ICT education and the viability of implementing a similar program in all Kenyan secondary schools, especially through the involvement of the private sector players.It could further contribute to the advancement of knowledge about ICT curriculum development in Kenya
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Researchparticipatory health education for malaria control in Ghana: engaging children as health messengers - Ayi, Irène; Nonaka, Daisuke; Adjovu, Josiah K; Hanafusa, Shigeki; Jimba, Masamine; Bosompem, Kwabena M.; Mizoue, Tetsuya; Takeuchi, Tsutomu; Boakye, Daniel; Kobayashi, Jun (2010)
Background: School children have been increasingly recognized as health messengers for malaria control. However, little evidence is available. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of school-based malaria education intervention on school children and community adults. Methods: This study was conducted in the Dangme-East district of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, between 2007 and 2008. Trained schoolteachers designed participatory health education activities and led school children to disseminate messages related to malaria control to their communities. Three schools and their respective communities were chosen for the study and assigned to an intervention group (one school) and a control group (two schools). Questionnaire-based interviews and parasitological surveys were conducted before and after the intervention, with the intervention group (105 children, 250 community adults) and the control group (81 children, 133 community adults). Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to analyse differences in knowledge, practices, and parasite prevalence between pre- and post-intervention. Results: After the intervention, the misperception that malaria has multiple causes was significantly improved, both among children and community adults. Moreover, the community adults who treated a bed net with insecticide in the past six months, increased from 21.5% to 50.0% (p < 0.001). Parasite prevalence in school children decreased from 30.9% to 10.3% (p = 0.003). These positive changes were observed only in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study suggests that the participatory health education intervention contributed to the decreased malaria prevalence among children. It had a positive impact not only on school children, but also on community adults, through the improvement of knowledge and practices. This strategy can be applied as a complementary approach to existing malaria control strategies in West African countries where school health management systems have been strengthened. Background Ghana is located in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 90% of the world's malaria-attributable deaths occur. In Ghana, malaria accounts for more than 44% of reported outpatient visits and an estimated 22% of deaths in children under the age of five. Reported malaria cases represent only a small proportion of the actual number of episodes, as the majority of people with symptomatic
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Empirical analysis of agricultural production and climate change: a case study of Nigeria. - Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo; Ajewole, Oluwafemi O.; Ogunlade, I.; Adewumi, Matthew Olaniyi (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2010)
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Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria: A Co-Integration Model Approach - Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo; Muchie, Mammo; Olatunji, G. B. (2010)
Climatic fluctuation is putting Nigeria’s agriculture system under serious threat and stress. The study of the effect of climate change on agricultural productivity is critical given its impact in ...
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Participatory Planning, Justice, and Climate Change in Durban, South Africa - Aylett, Alex (Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2010)
A changing climate seriously challenges our sociopolitical and economic systems. Elaborating on one possible element of a successful human response, this paper looks at how participatory governance is treated in the literatures on social justice and climate change. This paper applies the works of Habermas and Foucault, as well as recent work from the fields of urban and environmental planning, to clarify how the balance between structure, power, and agency influences attempts to address social inequality and climate change. Applying this general framework to a case study of Durban, South Africa, the paper then discusses the effectiveness of participatory structures in practice. This case study provides a productive space to study the intersection of social and environmental concerns. It also allows us to explore how interactions between formal and informal participation expose the limits both of confrontational (Foucauldian) and of consensus-based (Habermassian) approaches to governance. These limitations are instructive as we attempt to create cities that are both socially just and environmentally sustainable.
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The Experience of Open Education in Syria: An Evaluative Study at University of Aleppo from the Viewpoint of the Students - Ayoubi, Dima Al (Palestinian Journal for Open Learning & e-Learning, 2010)
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THE INCLUSION OF SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS IN YEMENI SECONDARY SCHOOL PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS - Aziz, Mohd Sharizal Abdul; Zain, Ahmad Nurulazam Md (European Journal of Physics Education, 2010)
The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the science process skills (SPS) included in the 10th-12th grade physics textbooks content utilized in Yemeni schools. The study revealed weaknesses and strengths in the textbooks’ content. For instance, a number of science process skills (SPS), such as measuring, predicting and hypothesizing, have been neglected in the 11th grade textbook. For all three textbooks content, the maximum percentage of basic science process skills (BSPS) was devoted to observation. However, the maximum percentage of integrated science process skills (ISPS) was different for each grade: experimenting had the highest percentage for 10th grade, interpreting data for 11th grade, and operational definitions for 12th grade. In conclusion, there are similarities in the percentage of SPS between the physics textbooks' content for the 10th and 11th grades, and both differ from the 12th grade.
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Factors influencing success in first-year Accounting at a South African university: The profile of a successful first-year Accounting student - Baard, Roelof; Steenkamp, L.P.; Frick, B. Liezel; Kidd, Martin (South African Journal of Accounting Research, 2010)
The study investigated factors influencing success of first-year students in Financial Accounting at a South African university, thereby establishing a profile of successful and at-risk students. A two step process was followed to achieve the goals of the study. Firstly, the significance of a number of factors influencing students’ ability to succeed was statistically tested to determine the possible correlation between specific factors and students’ success. The most important factors in determining success of students in the module include average Grade 12 mark, whether students had Accounting as a subject at secondary school, class attendance, home language (Afrikaans or English), and the programme within which students were enrolled. Secondly, the simultaneous effect of all these factors was determined by means of a multivariate technique to derive a profile of successful and at-risk students. The results show general trends that could inform admission decisions and guide the implementation of interventions for at-risk students, while academically stimulating the highly successful students.
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Internet web communication technology (WCT) and information communication technology (ICT) development and use for veterinary medicine education in Nigeria (2008-2009). - Babalobi, Olutayo Olajide (Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2010)
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The application of OBE principles in the teaching of African languages in the senior phase - Babane, Maurice Thembhani (2010)
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New frontiers in the teaching of African and diaspora history and culture - Babawale, Tunde; Alao, Akin; Onwumah, Tony (2010)
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Status of water stress and climate change at Sudan - Babiker, Imad-eldin A. Ali; Mohamed, Abdelhadi A.W. (2010)
Meeting: Inception Workshop for the UNEP Nile Basin Project – Adapting to Climate Change Induced Water Stress in the Nile River Basin, 25 - 26 March 2010, Nairobi, Kenya
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Impacts of parental education on substance use: Differences among White, African-American, and Hispanic students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades (1999-2008) - Bachman, Jerald G.; O’Malley, Patrick M.; Johnston, Lloyd D.; Schulenberg, John E. (2010)
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Impacts of Parental Education on Substance Use: Differences among White, African-American, and Hispanic Students in 8th, 10th, and 12th Grades (1999-2008). Monitoring the Future Occasional Paper Series. Paper No. 70. - Bachman, Jerald G.; O’Malley, Patrick M.; Johnston, Lloyd D.; Schulenberg, John E. (2010)
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Patterns of practice in South African doctoral education : an empirical study - Backhouse, Judy (Acta Academica, 2010)
In South Africa, doctoral education is usually organised in a traditional supervision model, but the practice of supervision differs across academic units and supervisors. In her comparison of PhD experiences in British universities, Chiang identified two research training structures, namely teamwork and individualist. These different structures affected the research environment, the relationships between supervisor and supervisee, and the experience of doctoral study. Can such differences be observed in South African universities? In a qualitative study of four academic units from different disciplines, four patterns of practice were detected in the ways in which doctoral supervision and research activities were organised. This article characterises these patterns of practice and discusses their impact on the doctoral experience. Praktykspatrone in Suid-Afrikaanse doktorale studieleiding In Suid-Afrika word doktorale studieleiding meestal volgens die tradisionele studieleidingmodel georganiseer, maar die toepassing daarvan verskil tussen akademiese eenhede en studieleiers. In haar vergelyking van PhD-ervaringe by Britse universiteite het Chiang spanwerk en individuele werk as twee verskillende navorsingsopleidingstrukture geidentifiseer. Hierdie strukture het die navorsingsomgewing, verhoudings tussen studieleiers en kandidate, sowel as die doktorale studie-ervaring beinvloed. Kan soortgelyke verskille by Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite waargeneem word? In 'n kwalitatiewe studie van vier akademiese eenhede in verskillende dissiplines is vier praktykspatrone geidentifiseer waarvolgens doktorale studies en navorsingsaktiwiteite georganiseer word. In hierdie artikel word die verskillende praktykspatrone omskryf en hul invloed op die doktorale studie-ervaring bespreek.
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The future is now: how scenarios can help Senegalese and Mauritanian fisheries adapt to climate change - Badjeck, Marie‐Caroline; Diop, Ndiaga (2010)
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Stambach, Amy. Faith in Schools: Religion, Education and American Evangelicals in East Africa - Badley, Ken (Journal of interdisciplinary studies, 2010)
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Prevalence of tobacco use among young students in Yemen. - Bahaj, Ahmed Ali; Ba’amer, Abubakir A.; briek, Ahlam Saleh Bin (Journal of the Bahrain medical society, 2010)
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Risk assessment training in Mauritius. - Baichoo, Pavan; Muchiri, Franklin (Occupational health & safety, 2010)
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Intergenerational Perspectives on Education and Employment in the Zambian Copperbelt - Bajaj, Monisha (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
This paper explores inter-generational perspectives on the education-employment link as reported by parents, teachers, administrators, and students in and around government secondary schools in Ndola, Zambia. The data presented are drawn from a larger research project conducted in 2003-2004 that included surveys, observations, student diaries, focus groups, and interviews with participants. Data are presented against the backdrop of Zambia's implementation of neoliberal economic policies, beginning in the mid-1980s, which characterized a significant shift from previously subsidized social services to a more market oriented economy. A vertical case study approach (Bartlett & Vavrus 2009) is utilized to elucidate the missing link between educational and labor market opportunities for secondary school students and graduates. Declining educational quality, overcrowded facilities, and corruption in schools also offer implicit commentary on the shrinking budget for education and the higher opportunity costs for secondary school participation attendant to Zambia's particular incorporation into the world market.
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Problem and pro-social behavior among Nigerian children with intellectual disability: the implication for developing policy for school based mental health programs - Bakare, Muideen O.; Ubochi, Vincent N; Ebigbo, Peter O.; Orovwigho, Andrew (Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2010)
School based mental health programs are absent in most educational institutions for intellectually disabled children and adolescents in Nigeria and co-morbid behavioral problems often complicate intellectual disability in children and adolescents receiving special education instructions. Little is known about prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems existing co-morbidly among sub-Saharan African children with intellectual disability. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of behavioral problems among Nigerian children with intellectual disability and also the associated factors. Teachers' rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for behavioral problems among children with intellectual disability in a special education facility in south eastern Nigeria. Socio-demographic questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic information of the children. A total of forty four (44) children with intellectual disability were involved in the study. Twenty one (47.7%) of the children were classified as having behavioral problems in the borderline and abnormal categories on total difficulties clinical scale of SDQ using the cut-off point recommended by Goodman. Mild mental retardation as compared to moderate, severe and profound retardation was associated with highest total difficulties mean score. Males were more likely to exhibit conduct and hyperactivity behavioral problems compared to the females. The inter-clinical scales correlations of teachers' rated SDQ in the studied population also showed good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = 0.63). Significant behavioral problems occur co-morbidly among Nigerian children with intellectual disability receiving special education instructions and this could impact negatively on educational learning and other areas of functioning. There is an urgent need for establishing school-based mental health program and appropriate screening measure in this environment. These would afford early identification of intellectually disabled children with behavioral problems and appropriate referral for clinical evaluation and interventions. The need to focus policy making attention on hidden burden of intellectual disability in sub-Saharan African children is essential.
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Contraceptive Utilisation among Grandmultiparas in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria - Bako, Babagana; Inusa, A.; Bukar, M; AD, Geidam; Kullima, AA; Audu, BM (Nigerian journal of surgery : official publication of the Nigerian Surgical Research Society, 2010)
Objective - To determine contraceptive utilisation and the factors influencing its use among grand multiparas in UMTH,Maiduguri, Nigeria Method - A cross-sectional, descriptive study assessed the pattern of contraceptive utilisation among grand multiparas using a pretested interviewer based questionnaire and analysis was done using SPSS version 13.0 statistical package Results - Four hundred women were interviewed, 55.32% (221/400) of the women had used a contraceptive method for the purpose of spacing their children and 35.5% (141/400) used modern methods of contraception. The most commonly used modern method was the hormonal contraceptives (30.8% used injectable and 14.0% used oral contraceptive pills), followed by intrauterine device in 7.2% while 14.5% of the women relied on Lactational amenorrhea (LAM). Contraceptive use is higher among educated women, Muslim women and those women whose spouses are positively disposed to contraception (p=0.001, p=0.028 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusion - There is high Contraceptive utilisation among grandmultiparas in UMTH, Maiduguri and the injectable contraceptive is the commonest method
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Public Education Spending and Poverty in Burkina Faso: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach - Balma, Lacina; Ilboudo, W. Francine Alida; Ouattarac, Adama; Kabored, Roméo; Zerbo, Kassoum; Kaboré, Samuel Tambi (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
The paper analyses welfare and poverty implications of different options for creating and using fiscal space for public education expenditures. The analysis uses a multi sectoral computable general equilibrium model calibrated for Burkina Faso. Education is demanded by households as an investment to “transform” unqualified workers into qualified workers. The simulations indicate that a 40% across-the-board increase in public subsidies for primary education, financed by an increase in taxes on household income and sales taxes, not only leads to an increase in welfare but also to a decline in the incidence of poverty for all household types.
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Gender inequality in secondary education in Ghana - Bamora, Florence Naah (2010)
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Synergizing research, development and training in the agricultural sector for food security for the rural masses of Africa: the case of Agricultural Research and Development Programme (ARDEP) in Malawi. - Banda, J.W.; Limuwa, Moses Majid; Kaunda, Emmanuel; Saka, V. W. (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010., 2010)
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Prevalence and associated factors of smoking among secondary school students in Harare Zimbabwe - Bandason, Tsitsi; Rusakaniko, Simbarashe (Tobacco induced diseases (Online), 2010)
There is a growing epidemic of tobacco use among adolescents in the developing world. However, there is no up to date information on smoking among adolescents. Although in the developing world concerted efforts are being made to control tobacco use, Zimbabwe does not have any documented tobacco control programmes. We estimated the prevalence of smoking among school going secondary school students in Harare, Zimbabwe.A 3-stage stratified random sampling was employed to select six participating schools and students. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics of the participants. The prevalence of smoking was estimated and the comparison of prevalence was performed according to its associated factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for smoking.650 students with a mean age 16 years and 47% of them female participated. Prevalence of ever-smoked was 28.8% (95% CI 25.3 to 32.3). Prevalence of ever-smoked among males (37.8%) was significantly (p < 0.001) much higher than among females (18.5%). In the multivariate analysis, smoking was found to be statistically associated with having friends that smoke (OR 2.8), getting involved in physical fights (OR 2.3), alcohol use (OR 5.7), marijuana use (OR 8.1) and having had sexual intercourse (OR 4.4).The study provides recent estimates of prevalence of smoking, and indicates that there is still a high prevalence of smoking among urban secondary school students. Exposure to friends who smoke, risky behaviour like substance abuse, premarital sex and physical fights are significantly associated with smoking. Interventions to stop or reduce the habit should be implemented now and future studies should monitor and evaluate the impact of the interventions.
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African American College Students’ Experience of Racial Discrimination and the Role of College Hassles - Banks, Kira Hudson (Journal of College Student Development, 2010)
The current study examines the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms. In particular, it investigated whether college hassles moderated or mediated the relationship. Participants included 194 African American students from a large, Midwestern, state university. Participants provided self-report of their experience of daily hassles related to racial discrimination and college life in addition to depressive symptoms and demographic information. Results indicated that the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms was mediated by college hassles. The results suggest that by decreasing the experience of generic college hassles, the indirect relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms might be minimized.
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Project-Based Learning about Nutrition with Technology in an African-American Middle School. - Banks, Sibyl A (2010)
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Project-based learning about nutrition with technology in an African-American middle school: An Action Research Study - Banks, Sibyl A (2010)
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How teachers perceive the new curriculum reform: Lessons from a school district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
The meanings that a teacher attaches to the new curriculum reforms act as his or her map on the curriculum implementation journey, and these usually determine the success of the education reforms. This research article explores the meanings attached to the new Science curriculum reforms by primary school teachers in a school district in South Africa, where the perceived meanings emanated from, as well as the role they played in the implementation of the reforms in the classroom. It is argued that new curriculum reforms have to take place concurrently with other changes in order for them to have a significant and long-lasting effect. Three possible ways will be suggested that will help the teachers to avoid formulating reform meanings that are not aligned with the vision and goals of the new curriculum.
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How teachers perceive the new curriculum reform: Lessons from a school district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
The meanings that a teacher attaches to the new curriculum reforms act as his or her map on the curriculum implementation journey, and these usually determine the success of the education reforms. This research article explores the meanings attached to the new Science curriculum reforms by primary school teachers in a school district in South Africa, where the perceived meanings emanated from, as well as the role they played in the implementation of the reforms in the classroom. It is argued that new curriculum reforms have to take place concurrently with other changes in order for them to have a significant and long-lasting effect. Three possible ways will be suggested that will help the teachers to avoid formulating reform meanings that are not aligned with the vision and goals of the new curriculum.
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How teachers perceive the new curriculum reform: Lessons from a school district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
The meanings that a teacher attaches to the new curriculum reforms act as his or her map on the curriculum implementation journey, and these usually determine the success of the education reforms. This research article explores the meanings attached to the new Science curriculum reforms by primary school teachers in a school district in South Africa, where the perceived meanings emanated from, as well as the role they played in the implementation of the reforms in the classroom. It is argued that new curriculum reforms have to take place concurrently with other changes in order for them to have a significant and long-lasting effect. Three possible ways will be suggested that will help the teachers to avoid formulating reform meanings that are not aligned with the vision and goals of the new curriculum.
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How teachers perceive the new curriculum reform: Lessons from a school district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa - Bantwini, Bongani D. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
The meanings that a teacher attaches to the new curriculum reforms act as his or her map on the curriculum implementation journey, and these usually determine the success of the education reforms. This research article explores the meanings attached to the new Science curriculum reforms by primary school teachers in a school district in South Africa, where the perceived meanings emanated from, as well as the role they played in the implementation of the reforms in the classroom. It is argued that new curriculum reforms have to take place concurrently with other changes in order for them to have a significant and long-lasting effect. Three possible ways will be suggested that will help the teachers to avoid formulating reform meanings that are not aligned with the vision and goals of the new curriculum.
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Halting African American boys' progression from pre-K to prison: What families, schools, and communities can do! - Barbarin, Oscar A. (American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2010)
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The Akhonya Dental Project: a new charity aiming to provide oral health education and preventative care in Kenya - Barber, Sophy (British dental journal, 2010)
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Modern Colonialism in African Education: The Wave of Foreign Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa - Barbosa, Amarildo (The Vermont Connection, 2010)
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The Power to Lead Alliance - Empowering Girls to Learn and Lead in Malawi - Baric, Stephanie; Tembo, Norman (2010)
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Geochemistry of the Potassic Basalts from the Bufumbira Volcanic Field in Southwestern Uganda - Barifaijo, E.; Muwanga, Andrew; Schumann, A. (Tanzania Journal of Science, 2010)
Bufumbira volcanic field is the southernmost of the four Ugandan small Pleistocene to Recent volcanic fields within the western branch of the East African rift system. The rocks consist of silica undersaturated and vesicular basalts with numerous primary structures. The rocks consist of basanites, leucitites, olivine basalts, trachytes, tephrites, trachyandesites and andesites. The basalts are picritic in the northern part of the field where they are dominated by olivine and are clinopyroxene rich in the southern part of the field. Leucite and plagioclase are common in the groundmass in varying proportions by volume for the entire field. Type 1 dunite and wehrlite upper mantle xenoliths characterize the northern part of the field whereas type II clinopyroxenite xenoliths are common in the southern part of the field. The various basalts are low in SiO2 wt %, Al2O3 wt % and Na2O wt % but high in MgO wt %, TiO2 wt %, CaO wt %, K2O wt % with K2O/Na2O = 1.08 to 2.07. These are potassic belonging to the kamafugite series. Plots discriminate two geochemical trends corresponding to the picritic and clinopyroxene rich basalts. The diagram of Na2O + K2O wt. % against SiO2 wt. % enables various rocks to plot in the designated fields for the different alkaline basalts. The field is enriched in trace, light rare earth (LREE) and high field trace elements (HFSE) where La/Yb = 31 – 55. The petrographic and geochemical studies elucidate enrichment of the upper mantle by both mineralogical (modal) and cryptic (geochemical) metasomatism. Keywords : Basalts, Enrichment, Mantle, Metasomatism, Potassic Tanz. J. Sci . Vol 36 2010
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The Relationship between Skills Training and Retention of Graduate Interns in a South African Information, Communication and Technology Company - Barkhuizen, Nicolene; Pop, Carver (2010)
Substantial costs are associated with attrition of key talent in South African organizations. As a result, organisations invest in graduate internship programmes to attract and retain high calibre graduate interns. The main objective of the research was to determine whether soft skills and technical skills training, as part of a graduate internship programme, contributed to the retention of graduate interns in a South African Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) company. An exploratory, ex post facto research design was followed. A soft skills, technical skills and retention survey were administered among a purposive selected sample of graduate interns (N=79) and mentors (N=39) in a South African ICT company. Both groups of participants indicated that the soft skills presented in the training are important. Combined, the respondents identified verbal communication, self-motivation, teamwork and goal directedness as the most important soft skills for graduate employability. Results further showed that the technical skills training contributed to a large extent to the employability of the graduate intern. Technical skills training were also significantly related to the graduate intern’s intention to quit the internship programme. In conclusion, the current graduate internship programme focuses on the majority of employability soft skills required for the acquisition and retention of a job. Practical training is therefore important for the application of knowledge and to enhance graduate employability.
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The effectiveness of health care training in relation to the nursing job market in Yei River County, Southern Sudan. - Barnaba, Deng Mayor (2010)
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Why do caregivers protect their children from indoor air pollution in rural South Africa - Barnes, Brendon (2010)
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The restructuring of South African higher education : rocky roads from policy formulation to institutional mergers, 2001-2005 - Barnes, Teresa; Baijnath, Narend; Sattar, Kalawathie (2010)
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EdQual Policy Brief No. 1. Determinants of Primary Students' Attainment in Africa. - Barrett, Alan; Smith, Mandy McCormick (2010)
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TEACHING VALUES TROUGHT ATHLETICS BY USING AN EDUCATIVE PROGRAMME IN ETHIOPIA - Barrio, Soraya Casla; Prada, David Ramos; Zakynthinaki, María S.; Martínez, Carol (Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2010)
The results obtained by the analysis of the questionnaire de- monstrate that the environment created by the teachers has been very positive, and so have been the learning expectations of the students during the program (90% positive answers). The teachers and the contents of the courses have been positi- vely evaluated by more than 80% of the participants. The leng- th of the program and the installations obtained less positive answers (only 40%). CONCLUSIONS By comparing the questionnaire responses with the results of the observations we conclude that the teachers' attitude and the content of the programs that have been developed until now should be maintained. The teachers who developed the program should teach the next volunteers, especially re- garding aspects of encouragement in the classes, in order to maintain the positive environment that has been achieved du- ring the previous years. It would also be interesting to include more videos as well as photographs in the theoretic classes as examples, to link in a more clear way the theoretic concepts with the practice, to carry out programs of larger duration and of different levels, as well as to translate the documents not only into English, but also into the native language of the students.
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Psychological Resilience in African American College Students - Barzizza, Lindsey C.; Boyraz, Güler (2010)
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British Council, Work-Based Learning Research Centre and Islamic University Gaza E-learning Workshop: Five years on - Basiel, Anthony; Commins, Ralph (Educational Technology archive, 2010)
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Female participation in African agricultural research and higher education: New insights - Beintema, Nienke M.; Marcantonio, Federica Di (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Female farmers play a vital role in African agriculture, accounting for the majority of the agricultural workforce. However, agricultural research and higher education are disproportionately led by men. There is an urgent need for greater representation of women in the field of agricultural science and technology (ST however, more in-depth analysis is needed to explain the underlying causes of these shifts and to what degree they represent structural changes. • Levels of female participation in agricultural research and higher education among the sample agencies were particularly low in Ethiopia (6 percent), Togo (9 percent), Niger (10 percent), and Burkina Faso (12 percent). Shares of female professional staff were much higher in South Africa, Mozambique, and Botswana (32, 35, and 41 percent, respectively). • The female share of students enrolled in higher agricultural education was higher than the female shares of professional staff employed at the agricultural research and higher education agencies in most cases, but a significant proportion of the female students concerned were undertaking only BSc-level studies (83 percent). • Only 14 percent of the management positions were held by women, which is considerably lower than the share of female professional staff employed at the sample’s agricultural research and higher education agencies (24 percent). • The pool of female staff is much younger on average than the pool of male staff. • The prevalence of female professional staff is comparatively higher in fields related to life and social sciences, and comparatively lower in fields involving areas traditionally thought of as “hard science”, such as engineering.
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Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills in Blended Learning in Africa: The Ethiopian Experience - Bekele, Teklu Abate; Menchaca, Michael (Journal of the world universities forum, 2010)
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The Effects of Climate Change in the Congo Basin :The Need to Support Local Adaptive Capacity - Bele, Y.; Semboli, B. Bokoto de; Mulotwa, E.; Sonwa, D.J.; Tiani, A.M. (2010)
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SUSTAINABLE COLLABORATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE CASE OF THE CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (SOUTH AFRICA) AND FONTYS UNIVERSITY (NETHERLANDS) - Bell, Diane; Cuypers, Mml (2010)
This paper is centred around the partnership between the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) and Fontys University of Applied Sciences. Research indicates that a crucial dimension of international orientation is the internationalisation of education. Internationalisation is an instrument to improve the quality of education or research, it helps to prepare students for a professional career, which is increasingly international as a result of the global knowledge economy and teaches competencies with a wide application range (Beck, 1998). An increasingly internationalised economy, will require larger and larger pools of welltrained, multilingual, internally knowledgeable employees. (Excerpt, Policy on Internationalisation at a Canadian university) International higher education has also been affected because of the globalisation of our societies and economies. Increasing competition for international students and international programmes is one of the consequences. The changing economic position of countries like India and China in the world is also a factor. For the cooperation between CPUT and Fontys we are working for a sustainable collaboration with certain basic principles in mind. The questions “why” and “what” are used as a guide in the partnership instead of just looking for additional exchanges, more mobility programmes. The focus is rather on quality and not quantity. We are offering a best practice in collaboration on different academic levels between higher education in Europe and Africa, especially the Netherlands and South Africa.
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Estimating the Impact of Tunisian Training Programs on Wage, Using a Simultaneous Equations Model with Self-Selectivity - Bellakhal, Rihab; Mahjoub, Mohamed-Badrane (2010)
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Swimming Against the Tide: African American Girls and Science Education - Belle, Deborah (Contemporary Sociology, 2010)
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Micro-level practices to adapt to climate change for African small-scale farmers: a review of selected literature. - Below, Till B.; Artner, Astrid; Siebert, Rosemarie; Sieber, Stefan (2010)
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How are core cultural values manifested in communication styles of Libyan postgraduate students in the UK - Belshek, Jalal Ali (2010)
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Teaching Writing Skills and Strategies in the Algerian Secondary School Syllabuses and Textbooks - Benaissa, Amel (2010)
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Education, entrepreneurial mindset and innovation: necessary ingredients for increasing entrepreneurial activity in South Africa - Benedict, Ekaete Akpan; Venter, Percy Frederick (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 2010)
This paper attempts to explain the major reasons for the low levels of entrepreneurship in South Africa. The paper challenges the commonly held notion that entrepreneurial success is correlated to educational achievement, even though entrepreneurship is heavily reliant on innovation processes. This paper uses the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study reports on South Africa as a reference framework for its theoretical analysis and raises issues related to ethnicity, education and innovation as possible factors for success. In addition, the paper reiterates that innovation need not be technical but also social and call on the government to enhance the entrepreneurial mindsets of its people.
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Multiple stakeholder platform : a process of innovation system learning - Experience of sustainable and integrated exploitation of Inland Valleys in Benin and Mali - Bengaly, M'Piè; Dalohoun, Daniel; Dugué, Marie José; Dossouhoui, François Vihôdé; Hamadoun, Abdoulaye; Huat, Joël; Kinha, Christophe; Senou, Oumar (2010)
Inland valleys have enormous potentials for agriculture. Their exploitation constitutes a huge source of revenue for the stakeholders. Various agricultural products, environmental and cultural services make the inland valleys, complex ecosystems to operate. It's still in that complexity that they provide wealth for operators. However, in West Africa, approaches to develop these inland valleys, for decades, have not allowed actors to converge their interests towards some shared economic and social welfare (Windmejer, and Andiresse, 1993). An approach for a sustainable and integrated use of these inland valleys implies all activities involving both direct and indirect production of goods and services. It requires the introduction of technological, organizational and institutional innovations. In this regards, the Multiple-Stakeholder Platform (MSP) is initiated as a learning process of local agricultural innovation system (Hall et al., 2004). It is experienced in four inland valleys of which two in the circle of Sikasso in Mali and two in the departments of Mono-Couffo in Benin through a project entitled Realizing Agricultural Potential of inland inland valleys in sub-Saharan Africa while maintaining their environmental services. The fundamental objective of this project is to improve productivity and competitiveness of products from inland valleys through intensification and diversification of production. Its purpose is to contribute to the effective improvement of the living conditions of rural populations. This project funded by the EU (2009-2010) was led by a consortium of organizations: AfricaRice, IITA, CIRAD, CDI, ICRA, and the IER in Mali, INRAB and the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Benin. (Resume d'auteur)
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Special issue: Towards creating inclusive cities: experiences and challenges in contemporary South Africa - Bénit-Gbaffou, Claire; Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku; Landau, Loren B. (Urban Forum, 2010)
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Privatization of Higher Education in Tanzania - Benjamin, Kapinga Bernadetha; Dun-rong, Bie (The Social Sciences, 2010)
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A case study of the historically successful roles of African American teachers in contemporary, selected, urban charter schools in New York - Benson, Shanelle R. (2010)
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The Effects of the Implementation of NCLB on the Achievement Gap between African American and White Students in Georgia Middle Schools - Benson, Stacey Lee (2010)
Stacey L. Benson. THE EFFECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NCLB ON THE ACHIEVMENT GAP BETWEEN AFRICAN AMERICAN AND WHITE STUDENTS IN GEORGIA MIDDLE SCHOOLS. (Under the direction of Dr. Michelle Goodwin) School of Education, January 2010. This study examined the relationship between the implementation of No Child Left Behind and the achievement gap between African American and white students’ eighthgrade math scores on the yearly-standardized test (Criterion Referenced Competency Test – CRCT) in Georgia. A descriptive research design was utilized to examine data obtained from the Georgia Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) report cards for each school. The research population was 50 randomly selected middle schools in the state of Georgia. The study found the following: 1) there was an achievement gap between eighth-grade African American and white students’ math CRCT scores before the implementation of NCLB and it remained over a six-year period from 2001 to 2007; 2) academic achievement was higher for white students before NCLB was implemented and over a six-year period from 2001 to 2007; 3) both African American and white students exhibited an increase in academic achievement after the implementation of NCLB; 4) the achievement gap did not change over a six-year period from 2001 to 2007; therefore, NCLB did not seem to have any effect on the achievement gap between African American and white students.
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Teacher Pay in South Africa - Berg, Servaas van der; Burger, Rulof (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
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Teacher pay in South Africa - Berg, Servaas van der; Burger, Rulof (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
The role of teachers in achieving good quality education is universally acknowledged. What is less clear is what incentives are required to attract good teachers to teaching. Incentives, including teachers pay, need to be sufficient yet, in the light of fiscal resource constraints, not excessive. This paper deals with the issue of teacher pay in South Africa before the introduction of the recent Occupation Specific Dispensation (OSD) for teachers, that was intended to offer more attractive lifetime incentives to teachers in order to attract quality teachers. The paper first reviews the literature on teacher pay internationally and for South Africa, before using recent South African household surveys to empirically compare the wage received by teachers to that received by non-teachers with a similar level of education.
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Signalling performance: Continuous assessment and matriculation examination marks in South African schools - Berg, Servaas van der; Shepherd, Debra (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Economists regard information and feedback as important ways for self-correction in a system. This study analyses one aspect of information and feedback in the South African education system. Continuous assessment (CASS) carries a 25% weight in the final matriculation (Grade 12) mark and, more importantly, provides feedback on performance that affects examination preparation and effort. Weak assessment in schools means that pupils are getting wrong signals that may have important consequences for the way they approach the final examination. Moreover, similarly wrong signals earlier in their school careers may also have affected their subject choice and career planning. This study analyses data on CASS and compares it to the externally assessed matric exam marks for three years for a number of subjects. There are two signalling dimensions to inaccurate assessments: (i) Inflated CASS marks give students a false sense of security that they are well-prepared for the matric exams, thereby leading to unrealistic expectations and diminished effort. (ii) A weak correlation between CASS and the exam marks means poor signalling in another dimension: Relatively good students may get relatively low CASS marks. This indicates poor reliability of assessment, as the examination and continuous assessment should both be testing the same mastery of the national curriculum. The paper analyses the extent of each of these two dimensions of weak signalling in South African schools, by subject, province, socio-economic background of schools, and public versus independent schools. The analysis draws disturbing conclusions for a large part of the school system.
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Signalling performance: Continuous assessment and matriculation examination marks in South African schools - Berg, Servaas van der; Shepherd, Debra (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Economists regard information and feedback as important ways for self-correction in a system. This study analyses one aspect of information and feedback in the South African education system. Continuous assessment (CASS) carries a 25% weight in the final matriculation (Grade 12) mark and, more importantly, provides feedback on performance that affects examination preparation and effort. Weak assessment in schools means that pupils are getting wrong signals that may have important consequences for the way they approach the final examination. Moreover, similarly wrong signals earlier in their school careers may also have affected their subject choice and career planning. This study analyses data on CASS and compares it to the externally assessed matric exam marks for three years for a number of subjects. There are two signalling dimensions to inaccurate assessments: (i) Inflated CASS marks give students a false sense of security that they are well-prepared for the matric exams, thereby leading to unrealistic expectations and diminished effort. (ii) A weak correlation between CASS and the exam marks means poor signalling in another dimension: Relatively good students may get relatively low CASS marks. This indicates poor reliability of assessment, as the examination and continuous assessment should both be testing the same mastery of the national curriculum. The paper analyses the extent of each of these two dimensions of weak signalling in South African schools, by subject, province, socio-economic background of schools, and public versus independent schools. The analysis draws disturbing conclusions for a large part of the school system.
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The drought impact on agricultural crop production in Tunisia - Bergaoui, Mohamed (2010)
Tunisia is known for its large interannual variability of climate. It knows the heavy rain, rain storm, as well as droughts. Meteorological drought, resulting in low rainfall, is characterized by a duration and relatively high intensity. It can last a year or it can persist for several consecutive years. It has a direct impact on the hydrological drought. The Tunisian climate is marked by alternating wet and dry years. Situated in the Mediterranean watershed, Tunisia is under the influence of Mediterranean climate. Rainfall is usually very poorly distributed over the year. The rainy period occurs in autumn-winter (September-March). This concentration of rain over half of the year has a great effect on the hydrological balance and on agricultural crop potential. Particularly, grain yield of cereals declines when rainfall is lacking during March and April.
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Drought effects on reservoirs inflows in Tunisia: Case of Lakhmess and Siliana reservoirs - Bergaoui, Mohamed; Louati, M. H. (2010)
This study relates to the interaction between the rainfall, the inflow of water and the storage management of reservoirs in semi-arid zones. It consists on studying and analyzing the behaviour of the hydro meteorological variables on the level of the catchment area of Siliana, in Tunisia. The concerned basin is characterized by a wet and cold climate in winter, dryness and heat in summer. It was the subject of several development works (benches, little lakes and two big dams). The measures carried out are made on the basis of a package of observed data on the different sites of reservoirs, collected from the DGBGTH of the Ministry of Agriculture and Hydraulic Resources Hydrological Books. Precipitations during the last decades were lower than the normal on the whole country. The rainfall shortage in Siliana area is about 30% or even more. It is probable that this downward trend is explained partly by the climate change. Indeed, we noticed an increase in the temperature and evaporation on the level of reserves of the Siliana and Lakhmess reservoirs. The rainfall deficit is reflected on the flows of the rivers and consequently on the reservoirs inflows. This situation requires vigilance on the state of the water resources and rigor on the level of their management in order to satisfy the requirements of water for the irrigated perimeters downstream of these reservoirs. The consequences of drought are numerous: rainfall deficit, low rate of reservoirs filling and demand fulfilment of irrigated perimeters. Thus, the inventory control must be made with caution to be able to face the risk of a prolonged drought.
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Participatory analysis of growing season: a key for understanding and copping drought risk in northern Ethiopia. - Berhe, Amdom Gebremedhin (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010, 2010)
Resume Research Application Summary Prolonged drought is one of the most serious climatic hazards affecting agricultural production and those most at risk are those countries currently vulnerable to climate variability. Barley is one of the economical and staple food crops grown in northern Ethiopia which is severely affected by drought stress. Given it’s economically importance, understanding the efficient use of water for growing barley could contribute to the livelihood food security in the region. However, there is limited information as to what extent the water stresses that result from climate variability could be reduced by improving rainwater use efficiency. In addition there is limited understanding of rainfall and other associated factors that affect soil water variability in the study area. In this research an assessment is being carried out to study the causes of past crop failure, develop a suitable technique for assessing drought and explore site-specific need for copping with drought in northern Ethiopia. At the end of this research, a suitable and reliable method for assessing drought risk will be developed; the major agro-meteorological causes of most devastating drought including the famines of 1984 will be explicitly identified and ranked based on their importance. The extent the effect of water stress due to climate variability could be reduced by improving water use efficiency will be known and finally the most promising drought mitigation strategy will be proposed for the study area.
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Acquired Benefits and Poverty Targeting in Public Spending on Health and Education in Cameroon - Bernadette, Kamgnia Dia; Simon, Leunkeu Wangun; Christophe, Tatsinkou; Josephine, Afor (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
This study aimed at analyzing the benefits derived from the use of public healthcare facilities and education in Cameroon. The specific objectives are: (i) to estimate the proportion of the budget which is really acquired by the end users of those services; (ii) to determine the equity contents of the acquired benefits; (iii) to quantify the satisfaction in the use of public healthcare and education services; and (iv) to establish the correlation between satisfaction and the wellbeing of Cameroonians. The analysis is based essentially on the assessment of average and marginal incidences, as well as on the study of the progressivity of the acquired benefits.The findings indicate that the recurrent public spending on the Integrated Health Centres (IHCs) are pro-poor and those of Referral Hospitals (Central Hospitals and Reference Hospitals) are regressive. Nevertheless, a marginal increase in the spending on the IHCs would make these more attractive. Spending on primary education is pro-poor while spending on higher education is pro-rich. But, any increase in the spending on primary education is captured only marginally by the intermediary income group of individuals; the increase in the spending on secondary education contributes significantly to the proportions of the benefits acquired by the various income groups, notably those in the higher intermediary income group.
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The Complexities of Inclusive Participatory Governance: the case of Moroccan associational life in the context of the INDH - Berriane, Yasmine (2010)
This article examines the liberalization and reform process that has been championed by the Moroccan monarchy since 1999. After the coronation of Mohammed VI, special attention has been given by the state to terms such as participation, good governance and gender equality and several reform programs have since been launched. The aim of this article is to concentrate on the local level in which these reforms and official dis courses are put into practice and are (re)adapted. In order to narrow the scope of an alysis, this paper concentrates on the process of inclusion of new social actors (fema le NGO leaders) into the participatory sphere, using the case of the Nationa l Initiative for Human Development (INDH) that was launched in 2005. My aim is to show that inclusive participation is being promoted at a micro social l evel but that, at the same time, it has got many different and seemingly contradictory facets.
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Agnes Nyamayarwo: a true fighter. A Ugandan nurse teaches Bono and the world where she finds her courage. - Berry, Jeff (Positively aware : the monthly journal of the Test Positive Aware Network, 2010)
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Teacher Education, African American Women, and Critical Race Feminism - Berry, Theodorea Regina (2010)
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Limited movement of fertiliser-derived Mg and K through volcanic ash and alluvial clay soils of Papua New Guinea. - Berthelsen, S.; Webb, Michael J.; Nelson, Paul N. (2010)
Crop symptoms of K and Mg deficiency are common on the coastal plains of Papua New Guinea. It was hypothesised that fertiliser uptake efficiency in oil palm is limited in these environments due to leaching loss resulting from high rainfall and high soil exchangeable Ca contents. Two field experiments were carried out on volcanic ash soils to determine the effect of fertiliser type (MgSO4, MgO or MgCO3) on movement of Mg. In one trial the fertilisers were applied to 36-palm plots over a period of 3 years before soil sampling. In the other trial the fertilisers were applied evenly over 4 m2 plots and the soil was sampled after 42 days and 1 year. A third field experiment, in which various rates of K fertiliser had been applied to an alluvial clay soil over a period of 13 years (36-palm plots), was sampled to determine the depth to which K had moved. Concentration profiles and mass balances showed that neither Mg nor K moved deeper than 0.6 m depth in any of the trials. In the K trial, approximately half of the fertiliser-derived K was fixed in non-exchangeable form. Results suggest that loss of K or Mg by leaching is not of concern in these environments.
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Impact of Conflicts on the Congolese Education System in the Pool Region (Republic of Congo) - Berton-Ofoueme, Yolande; Mbemba-Souebelet, Dave Evrad (Autrepart, 2010)
The successive wars of the 1990s affected the Republic of Congo for more than five years and still have tangible effects today. Beside the tragic war-related deaths, the conflicts caused an extreme destructuration of the Congolese society, in both social and economic terms, and led to massive displacements of populations (one fourth of the inhabitants got displaced). The Pool area was at the heart of conflict, and the populations living there paid a heavy tribute. The educational supply was not spared. This article explores certain specific effects of the conflicts on the education system in the Pool. It particularly examines the mechanisms, which allowed a certain maintenance of the educational supply, and it reflects on the permanence of demand, despite very adverse circumstances.
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A STEP TOWARDS AN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION MODEL FOR SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLS - Bessinger, D.; Mammen, John (EDULEARN10 Proceedings, 2010)
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UTILISING NARRATIVE ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE, REFLECT ON AND IMPROVE UPON TEACHING PRACTICE WITHIN THE MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINE AT A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA - Beukes, Chantal (ICERI2010 Proceedings, 2010)
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Senegal : a regional observatory for producers' climate change adaptation in Thies, Senegal - Beye, Gora; Sall, Amadou Tidiane; Thiao, Ibrahima Paul (2010)
Library has French version: Senegal : un observatoire regional pour l'adaptation des producteurs aux changements climatiques a Thies, Senegal
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Geospatial analysis to study environmental change: climate variability and vegetation cover dynamics in Ethiopia and the Horn ofAfrica - Beyene, Ephrem Gebremariam (2010)
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Burnout, work engagement and sense of coherence in female academics in higher-education institutions in South Africa : original research - Bezuidenhout, Adéle; Cilliers, Frans (Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2010)
Orientation: Female academics in higher-education institutions face numerous challenges in the continuously changing landscape of South African higher education. Mergers, increasing job demands, ever-increasing class sizes and role conflict inherent in the female role contribute extensively to the manifestation of stress and burnout in this population group. Research purpose: This research was conducted from a salutogenic paradigm, seeking to find ways of avoiding the negative consequences of burnout and contributing towards the positive experience of work engagement for the female academic. The research also explored the effect of the individual academic's sense of coherence (SOC) on her experience of burnout and work engagement. Research design, approach and method: The research was quantitative in nature. A psychometric instrument was sent to all the permanently employed female academics at Unisa and Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), measuring their levels of burnout, work engagement and SOC. The completed questionnaires were statistically analysed. Main findings: The findings included average levels of burnout, with definite signs that the experience of burnout is on the increase. The cynicism sub-dimension of burnout showed increased levels, work engagement scores were just above average and SOC scores were low. Practical / managerial implications: This article offers a psychological interpretation of the variables in the target group. The article contributes towards the body of research studies conducted from a positive psychological paradigm and, specifically, on the female gender. Contribution / value-add: The main recommendations are that university management needs to take cognisance of the alarming symptoms of burnout present in the population under discussion. Strategies are recommended to address these and to nurture work engagement.
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Language Learning through the Lenses of an African Adult - Bhebhe, Muchumayeli (2010)
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THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS EDUCATION ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF NIGERIAN SCHOOL GRADUATES - Bichi, Aliyu Ibrahim (2010)
The role and importance of small-scale enterprise in the economic development of a nation cannot be over emphasized. It is therefore no doubt a backbone of ever economy, including Nigerian. This paper discussed in detail the concept of Business Education, and the need for self-employment and entrepreneurship through Business education programme and how they are related. Various types of small business that facilitate the attainment of self-employment through Business Education programme and how they are discussed, top features that can enhance success in business and avert failure that are rampant in entrepreneurship programme. Likely problems retarding the development of entrepreneurship are highlighted and recommendations were made on how a business education can be a good entrepreneur and self-employed.
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THE USE OF PARTICIPANT- CENTERED LEARNING IN A SOUTH AFRICAN BUSINESS SCHOOL - Bick, George H.; Carmichael, Teresa (EDULEARN10 Proceedings, 2010)
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Successful White Mathematics Teachers of African American Students - Bidwell, Carla R. (2010)
SUCCESSFUL WHITE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS by Carla Rebecca Bidwell In the United States, a growing disparity exists between the racial composition of teachers and the students they teach. In 2006, 43.1% of K–12 public school students were reported as non-White—in 1990, 32.4% (U.S. Department of Education, 2008). Teachers, however, are predominantly White, 83.3% (U.S. Department of Education, 2007a). Exacerbating this disparity, it has been noted that fewer African Americans are choosing education as a profession (see, e.g., Irvine, 1989; Ladson-Billings, 1994). This growing disparity motivates a crucial question: Can White teachers be successful with “other people’s children” (Delpit, 1995)? This study explores this question by examining the life histories of four White mathematics teachers who have experienced success with other people’s children, specifically, with African American children. The purpose of the study was to better understand what led each of the participants to teach African American children, and what factors may have led to her or his success as a White teacher of African American students. A qualitative, collective case study methodology (Stake, 1995) was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using an eclectic theoretical framework (Stinson, 2009) which included critical theory, critical race theory, and Whiteness studies. Analysis of the data revealed the participants incorporated into their own teaching many of the same characteristics of culturally relevant pedagogy identified by Ladson-Billings (1994). Nevertheless, three strategies were identified as being essential to the teachers’ success with African American students: (a) forming meaningful relationships with students, (b) engaging students in racial conversations, and (c) reflecting both individually and with colleagues. The findings suggest a need for “spaces” in which pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators can discuss and openly debate issues of race, and challenge racial hierarchies found in schools and society at large. The findings also suggest developing a sharp focus on multicultural anti-racist education in teacher preparation programs as well as incorporating it into professional development plans for in-service teachers. Moreover, the findings highlight a need for school districts to provide teachers with professional development in three “How to” areas: (a) build teacher–student relationships, (b) connect to the local community, and (c) develop as reflective practitioners. SUCCESSFUL WHITE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS by Carla Rebecca Bidwell
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Gender, HIV/AIDS and The Status of Teachers, Report of the Third Commonwealth Teachers’ Research Symposium, Mozambique, 2008. (Book Review) - Bigger, Stephen (2010)
Opening and closing paragraphs: Of 33.2 million people living with HIV/AIDS, two thirds are in Africa. There are nine million orphaned children in commonwealth Africa. Children are vulnerable, and teachers are therefore in a very difficult position. This commonwealth conference is reported as five sessions, dealing with teacher mobility, the impact of HIV/AIDS of education and teachers, and strategies for using research to improve education. Three out of six appendices offer additional details... This report carried the proceedings of the conference, and the text of the Keynote paper by Professor Michael Kelly. It was especially noted that supportive words are often not followed up with action and implementation of changes, often because the issue was place on the caseload of junior staff. The need for partnership, including international partnerships, is the dominant message I take away from these Proceedings. A supposed flu pandemic in Europe caused billions to be spent and wasted in panic. The huge numbers and human tragedies involved in this real pandemic should be at the top of world government priorities.
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Eritreans' memories of postcolonial time: Ambivalence and mimicry at the Italian schools in Asmara - Biidu, Domenica Ghidei; Marchetti, Sabrina (2010)
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The Dreamkeepers: Successful Teachers of African American Children. 2 nd edition. - Billings, Gloria Ladson (Education Review, 2010)
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Okanagan School organizational health and teacher sustainability : Canadian offshore schools in Egypt - Bilodeau, Leanne (INTED2011 Proceedings, 2010)
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Participation of women in science education : trends and issues in higher education in Tanzania - Bipa, Susan Darius (2010)
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Towards Education for Nomads: Community Perspectives in Kenya - Birch, Izzy; Cavanna, Sue (2010)
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Career Counseling and Occupational Preferences Among Secondary School Students in Cross River State, Nigeria - Bisong, CA; Obogo, GO; Ogodo, FA; Bassey, PU (Annals of Modern Education, 2010)
This research was carried out in three selected secondary schools in the northern senatorial district of Cross River State, Nigeria to investigate the implication of career counseling on the occupational preferences of senior secondary school students. We sampled a total of 450 students randomly drawn from 3 (three) secondary schools in Northern Cross River State. Two out of the three schools sampled form the experimental groups, while the third school was used as controlled group. The instrument used for the study was a well constructed questionnaire. To achieve the purpose of the study one hypothesis was formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance, using the (X 2 ) chi-square. We found that career counseling, teaching and field trips by students significantly influenced their occupational choice in secondary schools. Based on this finding we recommended that schools should from time to time arrange vocational counseling for their students, where schools don’t have residents’ counselors, they should arrange with the department of Education foundation, Guidance and Counseling unit to give their students free counseling. It was also recommended that school should also cultivate the habit of also teaching their student out of classes like excursions, fieldtrips and tours of some professional operations to enable their students ask questions about different occupations and job prospects.
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Parental Support for African Immigrant Students’ Schooling in Australia - Bitew, Getnet; Ferguson, Peter (Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2010)
This article reports upon the involvement of Ethiopian-Australian parents in the education of their children attending secondary schools in Melbourne, Australia. It investigates the parents’ efforts in providing academic support to their children. The study utilized a qualitative methodology, using interviews as a major data collection tool, and employed secondary school students, their teachers and parents as informants for the study. After the transcription and coding of the interview data, thematic analysis was used. The findings indicated that the majority of the students did not receive academic support from their parents due to the parents’ limited educational experience, low socio-economic status and lack of time. Most of the parents had no contact with their children’s school. The majority of the parents had little exposure to the Australian education system. However, the report also highlights that parents give high value to education and that they want their children to attend and succeed not only in secondary school but also go on to further education. The results also show a strong link between the level of parental academic support for their children and their own academic background. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are also forwarded.
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Drivers that influence susceptibility to HIV infection among students of higher institute of agriculture and animal husbandry (ISAE) - Rwanda - Bizimana, H. (2010)
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Never sail by someone else's star: Agricultural education for Africa - Blackie, Malcolm (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010, 2010)
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Determinants of mortality of preterm babies in the university of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin Nigeria - Bm, Suleiman; Mokuolu, OA; Oo, Adesiyun; Adeniyi, AF (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2010)
A prospective study to identify the determinants of mortality among 185 preterm babies at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin.Data on 185 preterm babies and their mothers were collected over a nine month period in a tertiary hospital to identify the determinants of mortality among these babies.Factors identified as significant determinants of mortality were severe perinatal asphyxia (p = 0.000; OR = 71.31; 95% CI = 17.63-308.24), apnoea (p = 0.000; OR = 178.20; 95% CI = 20.64-7709.02), necrotizing entero-colitis (p = 0.001) and resuscitation duration (p = 0.003; OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.62-19.02).The primary causes of death are severe perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and infection. In Nigeria, survival below 28 weeks gestation is less than 20%. The findings in this study highlight the need for prompt and effective resuscitation of these infants by a trained health worker with verifiable competence in newborn resuscitation. It also highlights the need for availability of functional facilities like ventilators and resources like surfactant.
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Development Course and Features of Egypt Adult Education - Bo, Ma (Vocational and Technical Education, 2010)
Adult education in Egypt has experienced four development stages and manifest three main features:deep-rooted traditionality,coexistence and conflict between religion and secularity,and struggle and dependence between nationality and westernization.It has significant reference value to the theories and practices of adult education in China.Adult education in China should adapt the cultural traditions,develop toward diversification,take the opportunities of information development and promote extensive international cooperation.
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Basic Education and Issues of Costs, Access and Equity: Evidence from Ghana (1991-2006) - Boakye-Yiadom, Louis (2010)
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State-higher education relationship dynamics in Ghana in historical and contemporary perspectives - Boateng, Fred Kofi (2010)
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Introducing Religious Reparations: Repairing the Perceptions of African Religions Through Expansions In Education - Boaz, Danielle N. (Journal of Law and Religion, 2010)
Western bookstores today are full of small boxes that advertise “Voodoo Revenge Kit” on the front. Their short descriptions encourage anyone who wishes to harm a cheating lover and curse a difficult boss to buy this product. Companies now sell t-shirts, mugs, buttons and key chains with “voodoo dolls,” and bound figures with needles through the heart. Novels, newspapers, and movies have, for over a century, produced representations of human sacrifice, cannibalism and devil worship as rituals central to the practice Obeah, Vodou and Santeria. U.S. televangelist Pat Robertson even remarked that the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti on January 12, 2010, was God's retribution on Haitians for practicing voodoo and making a “pact with the devil.” Remarkably, few people recognize that these depictions are, to a large degree, linked to slavery and racism, which continue to leave their stain on the past and present laws of American and Caribbean nations.
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Accounting Education and Practice Interactions in Developing Countries and the Role of Global Pressure: An Ethiopian Example - Bobe, Belete J.; Mihret, Dessalegn Getie (2010)
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Learning-by-Exporting and Destination Effects: Evidence from African SMEs - Boermans, Martijn Adriaan (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Vast empirical evidence underscores that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters. As governments accordingly pursue export-promoting policies we are interested in the firmness of these conclusions with respect to African small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and the influence of the destination of export trade. Using a micro-panel dataset from five African countries we confirm the self-selection. We apply propensity scores to match exporters and use a difference-in-difference methodology to test if African SMEs experience productivity gains because of export participation. Results indicate that African firms significantly learn-by-exporting. Manufacturers obtain significant performance improvements due to internationalization although this effect is moderated by export destination. Firms that export outside Africa become more capital intensive and at the same time hire more workers. In contrast we find evidence that exporters within the African region significantly downsize in capital intensity. Results regarding skill-bias of internationally active firms are mixed, where exporters within the region expand in size and hire more relatively unskilled workers.
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Learning outside the classroom: non-formal refugee education in Uganda - Bonfiglio, Ayla (2010)
Refugees from the Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi have fled to Uganda for the last 15 years from some of the most severe and protracted conflicts in history. Many of these refugees have grown up without formal schooling because of the conditions in their home countries, or had their schooling interrupted by their displacement. When they arrive in Uganda, they may suffer from trauma induced by their displacement, their presence in a foreign and sometimes xenophobic environment, and their lack of financial resources. Compounding matters, they are likely to migrate with little education or professional skills, leaving them in weak position to cope with their displacement and survive in Uganda. The formal educational opportunities that refugees have in Uganda are little or no better than in their countries of origin. Refugees suffer frequently from inadequate access to formal schooling, despite the country having one of the more successful universal primary and secondary education systems (MoES 2001; World Bank 2002). According to Bethke and Braunschweig (2004), less than 10 per cent of refugee students in Uganda are enrolled in secondary school.
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Academically Gifted African American Male College Students - Bonner, Fred A. (2010)
<JATS1:p>The first-ever study of African American giftedness at the collegiate level, focusing on two extraordinary case studies.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>At a time when so many studies of African American students focus on the factors of failure, Academically Gifted African American Male College Students fills a conspicuous void in the research literature on post-secondary education by focusing on success. Like no other work before it, this remarkable study goes deep inside the experiences of academically gifted African American men who successfully navigate their way through rigorous college-level programs.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>At the heart of the unique and long overdue work are two real-life stories of African American male students: one at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) and the other at a Traditionally White Institution (TWI). In presenting, comparing, and contrasting these two cases, the book identifies a number of personal characteristics and institutional approaches driving their notable achievements. The result is a guidebook both for gifted African American male students and for the institutions looking to strengthen their support for them—particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines.</JATS1:p>
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Focusing on Achievement: African American Student Persistence in the Academy - Bonner, II Fred A (2010)
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Groundwater and climate change in Africa : review of aquifer properties data - Bonsor, H.C.; MacDonald, Alan (2010)
The review of aquifer properties data from Africa was conducted as part of a one year DFID-funded research programme, aimed at improving understanding of the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources and local livelihoods – see http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GWResilience/. The review was one of a series of components within the project, which was used to strengthen the evidence base between climate change and aquifer resilience. The overall outputs of the project were: Two hydrogeological case studies in West and East Africa – which assess the storage and availability of groundwater in different aquifers across different climate zones in Africa A water use and livelihood case study (analysis of Water Economy and Livelihoods (WELs) data, Ethiopia) – examining the linkages between water use and household economy A review of hydrogeological data for Africa A map of groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa
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Groundwater and climate change in Africa : review of recharge studies - Bonsor, H.C.; MacDonald, Alan (2010)
The review of recharge studies was conducted as part of a one year DFID-funded research programme, aimed at improving understanding of the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources and local livelihoods – see http://www.bgs.ac.uk/GWResilience/. The review is one of a series of components within the project. The overall outputs of the project are: Two hydrogeological case studies in West and East Africa – which assess the storage and availability of groundwater in different aquifers across different climate zones in Africa A water use and livelihood case study (analysis of Water Economy and Livelihoods (WELs) data, Ethiopia) – examining the linkages between water use and household economy A review of hydrogeological data for Africa A map of groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa
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Fees Must Fall: Student revolt, decolonisation and governance in South Africa - Booysen, Susan; Godsell, Gillian; Chikane, Rekgotsofetse; Mpofu-Walsh, Sizwe; Ntshingila, Omhle; Lepere, Refiloe (2010)
#FeesMustFall, the student revolt that began in October 2015, was an uprising against lack of access to, and financial exclusion from, higher education in South Africa. More broadly, it radically questioned the socio-political dispensation resulting from the 1994 social pact between big business, the ruling elite and the liberation movement. The 2015 revolt links to national and international youth struggles of the recent past and is informed by black consciousness politics and social movements of the international left. Yet, its objectives are more complex than those of earlier struggles. The student movement has challenged the hierarchical, top-down leadership system of university management and it’s ‘double speak’ of professing to act in workers’ and students’ interests yet entrenching a regressive system for control and governance. University managements, while on one level amenable to change, have also co-opted students into their ranks to create co-responsibility for the highly bureaucratised university financial aid that stands in the way of their social revolution. This book maps the contours of student discontent a year after the start of the #FeesMustFall revolt. Student voices dissect colonialism, improper compromises by the founders of democratic South Africa, feminism, worker rights and meaningful education. In-depth assessments by prominent scholars reflect on the complexities of student activism, its impact on national and university governance, and offer provocative analyses of the power of the revolt.
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Headteacher Visibility, Teacher Characteristics, and Headteacher Trustworthiness: Perceptions of Secondary School Teachers in Mukono District, Uganda - Boren, David M. (2010)
Headteacher Visibility, Teacher Characteristics, and Headteacher Trustworthiness: Perceptions of Secondary School Teachers in Mukono District, Uganda David McKay Boren Department of Educational Leadership and Foundations Doctor of Philosophy Research indicates that students perform better academically in schools with higher levels of trust than in schools with lower levels of trust. School leaders are primarily responsible for building cultures of trust but are often at a loss as to how to do so effectively. With the assumption that as perceptions of school leader trustworthiness improve, teachers will be more likely to place their trust in that school leader, this research seeks to clarify how Ugandan headteachers improve teachers’ perceptions of headteacher trustworthiness. In particular, we examined how specific types of headteacher visibility related to teachers’ perceptions of headteacher relational and competence trustworthiness. This qualitative research used grounded theory methodology to interpret and analyze the interview responses of 28 Ugandan secondary school teachers in eight schools in Mukono District, Uganda. Findings from this research suggest that teachers’ perceptions of headteacher relational trustworthiness were strongly related to both the level of risk and formality of headteacher visibility. Additional findings suggest that perceptions of both headteacher relational and competence trustworthiness were influenced by differences in teacher and headteacher personal characteristics. The final finding indicates that certain types of headteacher visibility moderated the influence that teacher characteristics have on perceptions of trustworthiness. These findings can inform school leaders about how to more effectively improve teachers’ perceptions of school leader trustworthiness. The grounded theory model presented will provide opportunities for further theory building and testing with respect to the relationship between school leader visibility and teachers’ perceptions of school leader trustworthiness.
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Gambians don’t like maths? : A Minor Field study on how mathematics is taught in a primary school in the Gambia - Borén, Jenny (2010)
In this text about the mathematics education in a primary school in the Gambia, I am researching what this mathematics education consists of and what surrounding factors might be affecting it. The ...
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THE PRIVATE COST OF NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (NCE): Through National Teachers Institute Distance learning Programme in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Borode, Matthew (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2010)
The study is set out to examine the private cost of National Certificate in Education, through the distance learning mode as organized by the National Teachers Institute (NTI) Ekiti State branch in Nigeria. This was to open the eyes of the prospective students to know what on the average he has to spend and also to provide data for the state chapters of the institute on how to ease the burden of the students undergoing the course. The study made use of cross-sectional data retrieval format to collect the necessary information needed for the three circles contact period. The data was analyzed using arithmetic mean and percentages. It was found out that tuition fees accounted for the percentages of students‘ expenditure, followed by examination fees, and mid-day meal. Library, sports and development levy are not relevant for this type of student. The federal Government of Nigeria could subsidize the tuition fees for the prospective grade II teachers so as to ease their problem because majority of them are unemployed.
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A GCP Challenge Initiative: Drought Tolerance Improvement for Sorghum in Africa - Borrell, Andrew; Paterson, Andrew H.; Hash, C. Tom; Billot, Claire; Jordan, David R.; Lespinasse, Denis; Weltzien, Eva; Rattunde, H. Frederick W.; Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Glaszmann, Jean-Christophe; Rami, Jean-François; Vaksmann, Michel; et al. (2010)
Sorghum is, together with pearl millet, one of the most important cereals in West Africa. It is the second most important crop in Africa after maize. Sorghum production in West Africa is principally based on traditional, low harvest index cultivars and breeding efforts of the past 40 years have had limited positive impact. At the same time, sorghum with an aligned genome sequence available since 2007, constitutes a model for grass species and is rich of huge resources in terms of genomic tools and information. Building on a five-year effort to characterize worldwide sorghum diversity and develop resources for association mapping studies, several approaches are now explored for integrating molecular tools and approaches into sorghum breeding programs in Mali. This presentation will focus on two approaches developed as part of the GCP challenge initiative “Drought Tolerance Improvement for Sorghum in Africa”. The first strategy integrates recent sorghum breeding achievements in Mali and methodologies for marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) that provide significant improvement of breeding efficiency for complex traits, as demonstrated in maize. The second, develops a modified nested association mapping (NAM) design exploiting backcross products from a set of elite recurrent parents in combination with several genetically diverse donor parents chosen as sources of cryptic alleles for improvement of productivity and adaptation to prevalent biotic and abiotic stresses. This project will combine an applied component toward the development of new broadened basis varieties with the development of experimental populations with strong genetic resolution and long-term value for identifying marker-trait associations.
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Unfit for Bondage: Disability and African American Slavery in the United States, 1800-1860. - Boster, Dea H. (2010)
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Determinants of student achievement : a comparative study of the case of a mission, public and private school in Cameroon - Bote, Rose Ntondumu (2010)
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Comparative constitutional law in the classroom: a South African perspective - Botha, Henk (2010)
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Learning to Live with Plurality and Dissent: The Grundgesetz in South Africa - Botha, Henk (Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart, 2010)
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White Teenage Girls and Affirmative Action in Higher Education in South Africa. - Botsis, Hannah (South African journal of higher education, 2010)
This is an initial and exploratory comment on the pilot phase of a study into adolescent female white identity and socio-sexual desire in post-apartheid South Africa. In the course of this pilot it became apparent that historical issues of race and racism are openly discussed in these girls’ classrooms. Yet, despite these everyday interactions the sensitive current day politics of race, specifically related to Affirmative Action in Higher Education, are not spoken about in a personal way in public spaces such as the classroom. Findings from this phase in the study revealed an inability, and lack of opportunity, to openly discuss race politics that are pertinent to these learners’ presents and futures. In this brief commentary I argue that the nonracial ideology, espoused by the post-apartheid government cannot become naturalized if these learners are unable to work through some of the contradictions of their present. One of these contradictions is the continued salience of race in their lives and futures as they enter the university, while having intimate social relations, which seem to belie this reality. I argue for an exploration of participatory mechanisms – ways for the youth to find a vocabulary of their own in articulating the challenge of race. Part of the struggle in establishing this vocabulary is what Nuttall (2001) has identified as a duplicity in white identity, which is in part a complicity in maintaining the hegemony of whiteness. How does one come to understand the production of a racial sensibility in South Africa? How is race instantiated into the ways in which young people think about themselves, their relationships with each other and their place in society? In this brief essay I work with a few transcripts of interviews conducted with Grade 12 female learners who are about to enter the university. The interviews focus on their responses to the admissions policies of the Universities of Stellenbosch and Cape Town. They were conducted as part of a larger study into white identity and socio-sexual desire. The purpose of the study is to understand the nature of the inscription of race in texts, such as laws, into the consciousness and the bodies of young white women. The participant in this initial interview is a matric learner at a formerly white government school in a once white working class suburb (in which she has always lived), in the northern suburbs of Cape Town. Both the neighborhood and the school are now thoroughly racially mixed in a demographic sense. 1 I quote, at length, an extract from one of the participants in the study.
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Ghana: Disability and Spirituality. - Botts, Betsy H.; Evans, W. H. (2010)
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THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITIES OF EAST ALGERIA - Bouabdallah, L.; Kherbache, H. (EDULEARN10 Proceedings, 2010)
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Impact of climate change on water resources in Morocco: the case of Sebou Basin. - Bouabid, Rachid; Elalaoui, A. C. (2010)
Morocco is a Mediterranean country facing water resources scarcity due to arid and semi-arid conditions, aggravated by the global climatic changes. In this paper, long term past trends of stream flow in relation to climatic data were studied in four sub-basins of the Sebou basin in northern Morocco. A hydrologic simulation was performed on one of the sub-basins using the IHACRES and HEC-HMS models. Over the last five decades, stream flow and precipitation data showed a cyclic trends as well as a general decline with variable amplitude from one sub-basin to another. Recorded stream flows are significantly correlated with the corresponding precipitation. The average curve fit for precipitations showed slopes ranging from -5.5 to -3.7, indicating rainfall decline over the past 50 years. Stream flow modelling with both IHACRES and HEC-HMS gave very reasonable simulations and were comparable over the studied series. Differences among years with contrasting climatic events were well depicted with HEC-HMS and gave total annual discharges ranging from 0.93 billion m 3 /year for a dry year to 5.3 billion m 3 /year for a wet year. The used models can be adopted as good tools for predictions of stream flow in response to climatic variability for better water resources management.
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Vocational training in Morocco: social and economic issues for the labour market - Boudarbat, Brahim (2010)
This chapter is part of a book that provides a detailed comparative analysis of the vocational training systems in 10 different countries, based on the results of a research project undertaken between 2005 and 2007. The analytical perspective adopted investigated the organising principles of each national vocational training system, its links with general education, further training and the labour market, and the strengths and weaknesses of each system. Innovations introduced over the past decade were given particular attention. In this chapter, the authors outline the economic and demographic context determining the education and training policy of Morocco. They then examine recent developments in the education system, its performance and initial vocational training. This is followed by an outline of new vocational training policy and an examination of the labour market situation of graduates of vocational training.
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The Laalam (Algeria) damaging landslide triggered by a moderate earthquake (Mw 5 5.2) - BouhadadA, Y. (2010)
On March 20th, 2006, a moderate earthquake (Mw = 5.2) struck the Laalam (NE-Algeria). The damage was centred in the Laalam village where four deaths, 68 injured and more than 40 housing units destroyed making dozens of peoples homeless. Damage and casualties are directly related to an earthquake-induced landslide occurred at 10 km far from the epicenter (ISC relocation). The landslide rupture, mapped by using a ground based survey, is striking NE-SW along a 1-km length rupture with a 45 cm of lateral displacement. The rupture plan is dipping 40 at the surface and showing horizontal striations. A 75 cm of pre-2006 lateral displacement is also observed indicating a repetitive behaviour of the landslide. The last time where the landslide was activated extends back to 1974 following another moderate earthquake. This landslide reminds us the high level hazard of induced ground failures due slope instabilities in mountainous zones of seis- mically active areas.
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Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Variability in Mediterranean Alfalfa Cultivars in the Field Under Moroccan Conditions - Bouizgaren, Abdelaziz; Kallida, Rajae; Faïz, Chaouki Al (2010)
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Climate and Land Use Change Impacts on Groundwater Quality in the Beninese Coastal Basin of the Transboundary Aquifer System Benin-Nigeria-Togo. - Boukari, M.; Faye, S.; Alassane, A.; Orékan, Vincent; Boko, Michel (2010)
The coastal basin of Benin covers 12377 km² of the transboundary aquifer system shared by Benin, Nigeria and Togo. Groundwater is the mean water supply source of a population approximately estimated by 4 million inhabitants. Population rapid growth with the rate of 4.5% induces extension of human settlements which interaction with climate variability affect groundwater quality. Statistical analyses were used to highlight observed climate change. Seasonal analysis of 40 shallow and deep wells, boreholes and spring water sampling and land use land cover (data provided by LANDSAT ETM7+, MSS, and SPOT imagery for 1973, 1995 and 2005) diachronic analysis helped to emphasise environmental change impacts on groundwater quality. Furthermore, binary diagram method was used to interpreted geochemical process of water mineralization. Water quality is also appreciated from the drinking water quality standards of WHO. This study shows that groundwater mineralization is dominated by calcium, sodium, bicarbonates, nitrogen and chloride depending on ions exchange process in the wet or dry period. Bacterial polluting agents were numerous (total coliforms, Escherichia coli (in dry period) and fecal streptococcus (in wet period)). On the whole, depth of aquifers, land use, unhealthiness around the water supply sources, induced recharge from inadequate sanitation facilities and sea water intrusion interaction with hydroclimatic change are the mean factors of the strong deterioration of groundwater. Groundwater quality assessment could contribute to plan transboundary aquifers management based on local hydrogeological basin scale.
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Schooling in the Bled: Jewish Education and the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Southern Rural Morocco, 1830-1962 - Boum, Aomar (Journal of Jewish Identities, 2010)
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Status of Information and Communication Technology Integration in Education in Selected Kenyan Schools. - Bowa, O (2010)
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The Impact of Learner Support Services on Achievement of Bachelor of Education (Arts) Students in the External Degree Programme of the University of Nairobi in Kenya - Bowa, O (2010)
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Families Affected by Hurricane Katrina and Other Disasters: Learning From the Experiences of African American Survivors - Boyd-Franklin, Nancyxyxy (2010)
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African American Teachers' Perspectives on Effectively Supporting and Sustaining Their Employment in Suburban School Districts. - Bradley, Orathia T. (2010)
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A pilot study of the educational achievement of Chinese students in Flanders. Parents' and students' perspectives. Comparisons with previous research among Moroccan students - Braeye, Sarah; Hermans, Philip (2010)
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Note on problems of institutionalized upbringing and education in developing countries: e.g. Kenya - Braičić, Zdenko; Braić, Zorana (2010)
Nakon uvodnog dijela u kojem se analiziraju relevantni demografski pokazatelji nerazvijenih zemalja, u radu se govori o položaju obrazovanja u istim drustvima. Detaljnije se raspravlja o obilježjima odgoja i obrazovanja u Keniji, a rađene su i usporedbe s drugim nerazvijenim zemljama. U drugom dijelu rada naglasak je na problematici ranog i predskolskog odgoja i obrazovanja u nerazvijenim zemljama. Pritom se iznose osobna iskustva i impresije koje su se stekle volontirajuci u radu misije Katolicke crkve u mjestu Subukia u Keniji tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2009. godine. Volontiranje je obuhvacalo rad s djecom u domu za nezbrinutu djecu u cijim se prostorima odvija i rad djecjeg vrtica u toj zajednici.
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Late Quaternary climate changes in the Central Sahara : new evidence from palaeoenvironmental research in NE-Niger - Brauneck, Jens (2010)
Surveys by the Universities of Wuerzburg and Berlin, starting in the 1970´s have revealed the existence of palaeolakes in remote areas in Niger. Initial research has shown that the sediments found are suitable for reconstructing its late quaternary palaeoenvironment. Although a high number of investigations focused on the succession of climatological conditions in the Central Sahara, some uncertainties still exist as the results show discontinuities and mostly are of low temporal and spatial resolution. Two expeditions in 2005 and 2006 headed to the northeastern parts of Niger to investigate the known remains of palaeolakes and search some new and undetected ones. Samples were taken at several study sites in order to receive a complete picture of the Late Quaternary environmental settings and to produce high-resolution proxies for palaeoclimate modelling. The most valuable and best-investigated study site is the sebkha of Seggedim, where a core of 15 meters length could be extracted which revealed a composition of high-resolution sections. Stratigraphical, structural and geochemical investigations as well as the analysis of thin sections allow the characterization of different environmental conditions from Early to Mid Holocene. Driven by climate and hydrogeological influence, the water body developed from a water pond of several metres depth within a stable, grass and shrub vegetated landscape, to an alternating freshwater lake in a more dynamic environmental setting. Radiocarbon dates set the beginning of the stage at about 10.6 ka cal BP, with an exceptionally stable regime to 6.6 ka cal BP (at 12.6 metres’ depth), when a major change in the sedimentation regime of the basin is recorded in the core. Increased erosion, likely due to decreased vegetation cover within the basin, led to the siltation/filling of the lake within a few hundred years and the subsequent development of a sebkha/salt pan due to massive evaporation. Due to the lack of dateable material in the upper core section, the termination of the lake stage and the onset of the subsequent sebkha stage cannot be determined precisely but can be narrowed to a period around 6 ka BP. The results obtained from the core are compared with those from terrestrial and lacustrine sediments from outside the depression, situated a few hundred kilometres further to the north. These supplementary study sites are required to validate the information obtained from the coring. Within the plateau landscape of Djado, Mangueni and Tchigai, two depressions and a valley containing lacustrine deposits, were investigated for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Depending on modifying local factors, these sediment archives were of shorter existence than IX the lake, but reveal additional information about the landscape dynamics from Early to Mid Holocene. A damming situation within a small tributary at Enneri Achelouma led to lacustrine sedimentation conditions at Early Holocene in the upper reaches of the valley. The remnants of the lacustrine accumulations show distinct changes in the environmental conditions within the small catchment, as the archive immediately responded to local climate-induced changes of precipitation. Radiocarbon dating of the deposited sediments revealed ages from 8780 ± 260 cal a BP to 9480 ± 80 cal a BP. The sites of Yoo Ango and Faberge show a completely different sedimentation milieu as they consist of basins within the foothills of the Tchigai. The study sites show increased catchment sizes, probably extending towards the Tchigai massif and are most likely influenced by groundwater charge. The widespread occurrence of wind shaped relicts and the limited amount of lacustrine remnants indicate a generally high aeolian activity in both areas. Only in wind sheltered spots, parts of the lacustrine sequences were preserved, that show ages spanning from Early to Mid Holocene (9440 ± 140 cal a BP – 6810 ±140 cal a BP) and give additional evidence of fires from pre-LGM periods. Although intensively weathered, all profiles indicate distinct changes in the sedimentation conditions by alternating geochemical values and the mineralogical composition. The information obtained from the records investigated in this work confirms the heterogeneity of reconstructed environmental succession in the Central Sahara. The Mid Holocene rapid (within decades) and uniform development from more humid to extremely arid environmental conditions cannot be confirmed for the Central Sahara. In addition, a division of Early and Mid Holocene wet periods cannot be confirmed, either. Actually, the evidences obtained from the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions revealed major variations in the timing and extend of lacustrine and aeolian periods. Evidently, a transitional time has existed between 7 to 5 ka BP where alternating influences prevailed. This is indicated by the varying sedimentation conditions in the Seggedim depression as well as the evidence of soil properties on a fossil dune, with a time of deposition dated to 6200 ± 400 cal a BP and the removal of lacustrine Sediments at the Seeterrassental at Mid Holocene. In respect to provide a complete picture of landscape succession and to avoid misinterpretation, the investigation of several dissimilar spots within a designated study area is prerequisite for further investigations.
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English as the Language of Instruction or Destruction – How do Teachers and Students in Tanzania Cope? - Brock‐Utne, Birgit (2010)
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Expressing Oneself Through Writing – A Comparative Study of Learners’ Writing Skills in Tanzania and South Africa - Brock‐Utne, Birgit; Desai, Zubeida (2010)
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Who Responds to Voluntary Cognitive Tests in Household Surveys? The Role of Labour Market Status, Respondent Confidence, Motivation and a Culture of Learning in South Africa - Broekhuizen, Hendrik van; Fintel, Dieter von (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Both South Africa’s labour market and education system were directly influenced by the separate development policies of the apartheid regime. To this day, great inequalities persist in both domains. South Africa’s performance in standardized international test scores (such as TIMMS) is poor even relative to most developing countries. Furthermore, the better quality of outcomes in former white schools still leaves learners from former black schools at a disadvantage that feeds through to severe labour market inequalities. This study is the first in a series of papers that attempts to understand the role of school quality on labour market outcomes. Here we scrutinize the measurement of numeracy test scores in the National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) of 2008, particularly in light of potential sample selection issues. While this survey measures standard welfare and labour market indicators, it is one of the first in South Africa to also ask respondents to complete a concurrent numeracy test. Response rates on this module were particularly low, given that the test was taken on a voluntary basis. We develop a basic empirical model to understand who is likely to take the test. We postulate that discouraged workers’ low propensity to take the test is correlated with their reduced motivation to undertake job search, that the searching unemployed are highly motivated to take the test (as they wish to gauge their ability or practice assessments while embarking on the job search process), the poorest among the self-employed face severe time opportunity costs (as their low incomes are less secure than those of salaried workers) and the richest amongst the employed exhibit an income effect (in that the time opportunity costs of their high incomes reduce their willingness to respond to the numeracy test). Furthermore, locational effects suggest that those residing in geographical “points of entry” into the labour market are also more likely to take the test. The young (who are still in education) and the most educated (in the whole population) also tend to answer the test more readily. The latter observations indicate that some form of confidence in respondents’ own abilities drives their response patterns. To explain these observed features, we construct composite indices of motivation/emotional well-being and individuals’ confidence in their writing abilities using multiple correspondence analysis. While each of these psychological and behavioural factors is a strong predictor of test response, they do not entirely eliminate the independent contributions of each of the observed influences mentioned above. Coefficient magnitudes of each of the sociodemographic variables are, however, reduced, indicating that the particular behavioural influences introduced in later models tell some of the story. Additional uncaptured behavioural and motivational factors are therefore investigated. Firstly, we investigate the role of survey fatigue (by controlling for the time it took to complete the survey before the test was administered), which plays an important role in the black and coloured subpopulations. It furthermore explains why the wealthiest amongst the formally employed are less likely to complete the numeracy test. However, surprisingly, “pseudoaltruistic” effects appear amongst the (wealthier) white population, in that the longer the duration of the preceding questions, the more likely they are to care about answering the test. However, this result cannot be generalized to the whole white population, as response rates were very low among this group. Secondly, (household) peer effects are strong throughout the population, suggesting that a culture of learning is pivotal in understanding response patterns. The results of this paper suggest that broad sociodemographic and labour market features remain important determinants of test response, even after controlling for behavioural features. This suggests that subsequent labour market work must take these drivers into account to avoid the risk of sample selection bias.
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Social learning within participatory, catchment-based water management processes in South Africa and Namibia - Brown, Helen (2010)
Over the past decade, South African and Namibian governments have initiated processes of water-sector reform via new legislation (RSA, 1998; GRN, 2004), designed to promote increased equity, efficiency and economic and environmental sustainability of water resources. These objectives correspond to those of the discourse of integrated water resource management (Heyns, 2005; Woodhouse, 2008). Institutional reform is a key feature of the recent legislation. Participatory institutions are being formed, which are aligned to hydrological spatial units, such as water-user associations and basin management committees. These institutional spaces represent 'communities' of learning (Wenger, 1998; Johnson, 2007), and synergise with the concept of 'social learning' that links collective interaction and learning to concerted action in the collective and environmental interest (Roling & \Vagemakers, 1998; Keen et al., 2005; Pahl-\Vostl et al., 2007a; Ison et al., 2007). Drawing on the 'constant comparison' principle of grounded theory (Glaser, 1992), the thesis explores this concept of social learning using two case studies: the South African Kat River Water User Association (KatRWUA) and the Namibian Kuiseb Basin Management Committee (KuisebBMC). A multi-method research approach was used to elicit qualitative information, with data-collection methods including semi-structured interviews, ethnographic observation and secondary data sources (Denzin & Lincoln, 2002). Subsequent data analysis revealed a mismatch between the nature and outcomes of social learning processes within the case studies and the ideals of socially and environmentally sustainable behaviour, which are desired by both the integrated water-resource management discourse and by the South African and Namibian national Water Acts. Social learning, as a process for achieving these goals of social equity and sustainable social behaviour, was prevented by the five Ps: power relations, politics, personality, precedence, and the past.
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Climate Change, Nutrition and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa - Brown, Molly E. (2010)
Food security and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa have long been affected by variations in the weather. Vulnerability to these hazards, along with economic shocks and an adverse political environment, is often uneven in a community. Some individuals and households are more susceptible to emergencies or crises than others, and thus determining who is most vulnerable are and how they are responding to a shock or crises is essential to understand the impact on food security. Daily, quantitative and global observations derived from satellite remote sensing instruments can contribute to understanding how food production has declined due to drought, flood or other weather-related hazard, but it can say nothing about the likelihood that the people living in that area are suffering food insecurity as a result. As Amartya Sen argued, a famine can occur even when there is an absolute surplus of food in a region. Thus organizations like the US Agency for International Development's Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) work to integrate biophysical and socio-economic indicators together with on-the ground assessments to estimate the food security consequences of a variety of events. Climate change is likely to restructure local, regional and global agricultural systems and commodity markets. Although remote sensing information has been used to identify seasonal production declines for the past two decades, new ways of using the data will need to be developed in order to understand, document and respond to the impact of climate change on food security as it is manifested in shorter term shocks. In this article, the contribution of remote sensing is explained, along with the other factors that affect food security
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Climate Change and the Risk of Conflict in Africa - Brown, Oli; Crawford, Alec (2010)
As science has revealed the speed and scope of climate change, we have begun to realize that it holds potentially serious implications for international security. Climate change—by redrawing the maps of water availability, food security, disease prevalence, and coastal boundaries—could increase forced migration, raise tensions, and trigger new conflicts.
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