Using School Performance Data to Drive School and Education District Office Accountability and Improvement: The Case of Ghana - Prew, Martin; Quaigrain, Kenneth (Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2010)
This article looks at a school management tool that allows school managers and education district offices to review the performance of their schools and use the broad-based data to undertake orchestrated planning with districts planning delivery based on the needs of schools and in support of school improvement plans. The review process also allows communities to engage with their schools and hold them accountable for their performance and to steer schools to meet community expectations. A district in northern Ghana is presented as a case study. The article concludes that this generation of school-level data and its use to inform improved planning and delivery also allows districts and schools to monitor how well they are doing in promoting access for all children to school and monitoring the quality of schooling they receive. This is critical information needed to understand the dynamics of school enrolment and drop-out and to make schools more accountable. So school performance review, as practised in Ghana, allows schools to improve while becoming more accountable to their communities.
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Understanding the concept of food sovereignty using the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP) - Quaye, Wilhemina; Ruivenkamp, Guido; Frempong, Godfred; Essegbey, George Owuso (Review of Sociology, 2010)
This article deepens the understanding of the emerging food sovereignty concept using a case study of a home-grown school feeding programme that promotes local food demand – supply linkages. A school feeding programme in four selected districts in Ghana is analysed with respect to community involvement in programme implementation and management as well as its socio-economic impacts. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches was used in data collection and analysis. Results showed a significant improvement in household food access and months of adequate household food provisioning, which were used as measurement proxies for food sovereignty, as a result of access to local market created by the Ghana School Feeding Programme. However, the study recommends more empirical evidence from research to support the claim that using locally produced food for school feeding actually reduces poverty and malnutrition in rural farming communities.
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Evaluating an HIV and AIDS Community Training Partnership Program in five diamond mining communities in South Africa - Rispel, Laetitia C.; Peltzer, Karl; Nkomo, Nkululeko; Molomo, B. (Evaluation and Program Planning, 2010)
In 2006, De Beers Consolidated Diamond Mines in South Africa entered into a partnership with the Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communications to implement an HIV and AIDS Community Training Partnership Program (CTPP), initially in five diamond mining areas in three provinces of South Africa. The aim of CTPP was to improve HIV knowledge and to contribute to positive behavior changes in the targeted populations. This paper describes the evaluation of the CTPP, one year after implementation. The evaluation combined qualitative interviews with key informants and trainers and a post-intervention survey of 142 community members. The successes of the CTPP included capacity building of trainers through an innovative training approach and HIV and AIDS knowledge transfer to community trainers and targeted communities in remote mining towns. The Soul City edutainment brand is popular and emerged as a major reason for success. Challenges included insufficient attention paid to contextual factors, resource constraints and the lack of a monitoring and evaluation framework. Independent evaluations are useful to strengthen program implementation. In remote areas and resource constraint settings, partnerships between non-governmental organisations and corporations may be required for successful community HIV and AIDS initiatives.
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Life Long Learning and Skills Development: An Investment in Botswana Human Capital for the Development of the Emerging Knowledge Economy - Rocke-Collymore, Joanna (2010)
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Community Based Learning And Outreach For Development: Factors Influencing The Urbanite Woman Learner Participation In Mass Literacy Programme, Accra, Ghana - Saah, Albert Amoah; Mensah, Joseph Adia (2010)
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IPods Improve Education in Rural Zambia - Sakala, Gladys (2010)
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Ideological and pedagogical tensions in an environmental sustainability education project: A review of adult education practices around Lake Fundudzi, South Africa - Shallcross, Tony; Loubser, Callie (International journal of African renaissance studies, 2010)
ABSTRACT Research in poor communities in South Africa faces intellectual challenges and tensions which offer lessons for evaluating environmental education (EE). This article illuminates five such tensions that emerged during the course of an adult environmental education programme, implemented from 1999 to 2002, in communities surrounding the catchment of Lake Fundudzi in South Africa: tensions arose between traditional and modern concepts of community; between traditional and post-apartheid structures of local governance; between liberal empowerment and traditional conservationist ideologies; and also within and between environmental ideologies and research paradigms. Paramount among the lessons learned is the need to develop multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary (MIT) practices that are sensitive to local community and environmental needs, and to solutions expressed through local residents, community workers and academics – in other words, the recognition and affirmation of local indigenous knowledge sy...
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Medical Students' Knowledge About Organ Transplantation: A South African Perspective - Sobnach, Sanju; Borkum, Megan; Hoffman, R.; Muller, Elmi; McCurdie, F; Millar, Alastair J. W.; Numanoğlu, Alp; Kahn, Delawir (Transplantation Proceedings, 2010)
Educating physicians about transplantation during undergraduate training can improve organ procurement rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the knowledge of medical students regarding transplantation.A previously validated self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all medical students.Of the 346 participants, 217 (63%) were preclinical students. Their mean age was 21 years (range, 18-33) and 62% were women. Twenty-nine (8%) students were registered as organ donors. One third of all study participants received formal transplantation teaching; a greater proportion of clinical students received teaching compared with the preclinical group (52% vs 22%, P < .05). Knowledge was frequently reported for kidney (88%), liver (81%), bone marrow (78%), and heart (76%) transplantation. Small Intestine (13%), pancreas (9%), and pancreatic islets (4%) were the least recognized organs/tissues. Ninety-six percent and 62% of respondents were aware of kidney and liver living-donor transplants, respectively; the 27% of students with an interest in a surgical career had better knowledge of living-donor transplantation (P < .05). Only 22 (6%) students knew which solid organ transplants were performed in South Africa.Medical students have limited knowledge about organ transplantation; there is a need for educational intervention early in the medical curriculum.
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Program Improves Medical Training in Uganda - Splete, Heidi (Family Practice News, 2010)
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Prospects and pitfalls: A review of post‐apartheid education policy research and analysis in South Africa - Spreen, Carol Anne; Vally, Salim (Comparative Education, 2010)
The 10‐year anniversary of the first democratic elections in South Africa in 2004 provoked much reflection and fuelled new policy debates on both the progress and failures of educational reform. While a myriad of achievements have been touted and are well‐known to international audiences, a swelling critique from inside South Africa shows that much work remains to be done. By glancing backward as a way to understand how to move forward, we review several important recently published books on post‐apartheid education policy to learn how policies were conceived, what went well and what went seriously wrong. In engaging this extended analysis we provide a glimpse into the unique set of circumstances and challenges faced by the South African government over the last 15 years (namely the tensions between equity and redress and global competitiveness), while offering a sustained critique of the resulting policy outcomes through a social justice lens.
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The impact of climate change in Africa - Tadesse, Debay (Institute for Security Studies Papers, 2010)
This paper is concerned with the fact that African nations are among the lightest polluters, yet analysts say they will suffer the most from climate change in their pursuit of water and food security, sustainable development, and political and economic sustainability. Therefore the paper reviews the relationships among climate change, water and food security, conflicts, and development. It also argues that there is a need for climate change information in Africa and reviews the status of international climate agreements related to adaptation, mitigation and compensation. In addition, the paper argues that even if climate change by its nature may not necessarily lead to violent interstate conflicts, scarcity of water and food in Africa has already nurtured political tensions among nations, thus retarding efforts towards sustainable development.
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Corrigendum to “Are digital natives a world-wide phenomenon? An investigation into South African first year students’ use and experience with technology” [Computers & Education 55 (2008) 406–414] - Thinyane, Hannah (Computers & Education, 2010)
Daily Not used Daily Not used To play digital music files 62.8% 8.6% 57.7% 7.9% To play games 38.7% 13.0% 19.9% 19.5% To type a document 32.2% 2.2% 31.4% 0.5% To manage or manipulate pictures 14.7% 26.0% – – To create or manipulate images 10.1% 36.7% 6.7% 16.0% To execute commands 9.0% 49.4% – – To create or edit audio and video 8.6% 39.7% 3.7% 52.7% To create a database 8.3% 28.9% – – To create a spreadsheet 6.7% 24.0% – – To create a presentation 3.8% 24.4% 3.4% 11.1%
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Corrigendum to “Are digital natives a world-wide phenomenon? An investigation into South African first year students’ use and experience with technology” [Computers & Education 55 (2008) 406–414] - Thinyane, Hannah (Computers & Education, 2010)
Daily Not used Daily Not used To play digital music files 62.8% 8.6% 57.7% 7.9% To play games 38.7% 13.0% 19.9% 19.5% To type a document 32.2% 2.2% 31.4% 0.5% To manage or manipulate pictures 14.7% 26.0% – – To create or manipulate images 10.1% 36.7% 6.7% 16.0% To execute commands 9.0% 49.4% – – To create or edit audio and video 8.6% 39.7% 3.7% 52.7% To create a database 8.3% 28.9% – – To create a spreadsheet 6.7% 24.0% – – To create a presentation 3.8% 24.4% 3.4% 11.1%
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Difficulties in the comprehension and interpretation of a selection of graph types and subject-specific graphs displayed by senior undergraduate biochemistry students in a South African university - Tonder, André van (2010)
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An assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of natural hazards in Central Africa - Vandecasteele, Ine; Moeyersons, J; Tréfois, P. (2010)
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Study of indoor air pollution from household fuels in Gaborone, Botswana - Verma, T. S.; Chimidza, Samuel; Molefhi, T. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
This study monitored indoor air concentrations of CO and particulate matter of size range 0.3–5.0 μm in 30 households representing different income groups from July to September 2007. Selected members of the households were interviewed to assess health effects resulting from the fuel used. Fuels that produced more particles, especially those having the smallest diameters (0.3–0.5 μm), were found in the low income group household. People from these households reported more health effects when compared with those in the medium and high groups. The fuels that emitted most particles produced more than 10 times more particulate matter than the least emitting fuels. The particle number distributions for the different fuels studied were investigated and the corresponding surface area and volume distributions derived. Both the surface area and volume distributions were found to be bimodal with peaks around 0.5 μm and 2.0 μm.
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Training the Public Health Workforce from Albany to Zambia: Technology Lessons Learned along the Way - Waltz, Edward C.; Maniccia, Dayna M.; Bryde, Regina L.; Murphy, Kristin M.; Harris, Brett; Waldenmaier, Mark N. (Public Health Reports, 2010)
This article describes lessons learned by the University at Albany Center for Public Health Preparedness (UA-CPHP) in using three technologies to deliver preparedness training for public health professionals in New York State. These three technologies are: Audience response system (ARS, or the “clicker” system)—Purchased to improve engagement of all participants in heterogeneous training audiences, it also markedly reduces staff time while improving training evaluation (cost: $4,500). Satellite broadcast programs—UA-CPHP produced more than 50 broadcasts, which remain available as videostreams and/or podcasts. Viewership of archived programs sometimes surpasses that of the live event (cost estimate: $23,000 to $39,000). Interactive online courses—Seventeen courses have registered more than 44,000 learners worldwide. The Pandemic Influenza course alone has reached more than 16,000 registrants from all 50 U.S. states and at least 56 other countries (cost estimate: $30,000 to $65,000). UA-CPHP's experience as a preparedness training center has confirmed that contemporary technology can be employed to improve and increase the reach of these training efforts. An additional finding was that, quite unintentionally, the intensive use of distance-based educational modalities designed to reach public health practitioners in New York State has afforded UA-CPHP a substantial national and international audience as well, and at no additional cost.
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Bantu languages in education in South Africa: an overview.Ongekho akekho! – the absentee owner - Webb, Vic; Lafon, Michel; Pare, Phillip (Language learning journal, 2010)
The main argument of this overview article is that the Bantu languages of South Africa should have a far more significant role in education.We contend that the strong preference for English as medium of instruction among black learners is largely responsible for their inadequate educational performance, particularly since most of these learners do not have the required skills in English.This is particularly the case in rural and township schools and in what we term 'lower exmodel C schools', given the socio-economic realities of the communities in which these schools are located.Were the Bantu languages used for learning and teaching purposes in an effective way, we suggest the educational outcomes of black learners would be significantly better.We accept, of course, that schools, especially secondary schools, cannot immediately implement a policy of using the Bantu languages as media of instruction.Several research and development challenges need to be addressed for this to happen.These include: transforming the socio-political meanings attached to these languages; their further corpus development as well as their status, prestige, acquisition and usage development; the development and implementation of language-in-education policies which address the basic educational and sociolinguistic realities; and the effective distribution of information to school governing bodies about the issues relevant to the selection of a medium of instruction.In our view, South Africa will not become a developed, effectively multilingual and nationally integrated country if linguistic equity and parity of esteem are not established in a meaningful way for all official languages, which includes provision for their use as media of instruction throughout.
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Who Gets to Stay in School? Long-run Impact of Income Shocks on Schooling in Rural Tanzania - Wps, Csae; Krutikova, Sonya (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper shows that income shocks to rural households have permanent effects on the educational attainment of 7-15 year old children within the household. Using a 13 year panel survey of households in rural Tanzania, I find that idiosyncratic crop shocks such as pests, theft and fire cause changes in the distribution of schooling among children within the household that persist 10-13 years after the shock. They affect older (12-15) girls and younger (7-11) boys most adversely. The effects are remarkably persistent in households affected by shocks of varying magnitudes. An investigation of plausible channels for these effects suggests that an increase in the chore burden of older girls within the household in response to a crop shock is likely to be part of the explanation for the adverse effect of shocks on this cohort.
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Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. The Case of Harari Region - Yigezu, Moges; Africa, Southern (2010)
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Revisiting the place of punishment in Zimbabwes primary and secondary school formal education system - Chemhuru, Munamato (Journal of African Studies, 2010)
The paper examines the issue of punishment in the process of education within the Zimbabwean context, especially as it applies to primary and secondary school formal education. It addresses the problem as to whether punishment as a tool of educating should be part of the process of education, which is by and large a worthwhile activity. In essence, it addresses the issue of whether punishment and the process of education are compatible. Despite the growing consensus that punishment breaches children's fundamental human rights, the paper attempts to provide a philosophical justification of the institution of punishment, contrary to these contemporary calls from humanitarian quarters for the abolition of punishment from the Zimbabwean education. Given the fact that education is a process through which desirable states of the mind are developed in a morally acceptable manner, focus will be at examining the justification of punishment as a tool for conformity and practice in the process of educating primary and secondary school children within the Zimbabwean context. Hence, it establishes that whatever its purported negative and legal implications, punishment serve the retributive, deterrent and reformative functions. Key words: Punishment, deterrence, retribution, reform, education, Zimbabwe.
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Climate change compliant microfinance delivery in Nigeria - Ejiogu, Augustine Odinakachukwu; Ejiogu, Blessing Chikaodili (Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 2010)
Climate change refers to any long-term significant change in the average weather that a given region experiences. It upsets seasonal cycles, destroys ecosystems and water supply, causes sea levels to rise and affects agriculture and food production. The changes are already visible in Nigeria. Combating climate change can come by way of mitigation and adaptation measures. Researchers are intensifying effort at developing new strains of crops that would withstand impacts of extreme weather condition. Other adaptation measures include shifts in planting time. The adaptation measures proffered involve cost on the part of the farmers. The resources required for the acquisition and adaptation of the measures are beyond the reach of the farmers. Policy thrust, objectives and strategies of three policy documents were investigated to determine their provisions for farmers’ financing of the coping strategies for climate change. The policy documents are the microfinance policy regulatory and supervisory framework, the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) and the Nigeria’s First National Communication. It was found that Nigeria climate change adaptation and mitigation measures are not equally matched with climate change compliant microfinance delivery mechanism. It is recommended that climate change tax be introduced as a resource envelop in aid of cost of coping with extreme weather events. Key words: Climate change, adaptation, mitigation, micro finance delivery, climate change tax.
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Quality Basic Education Development in Nigeria: Imperative for Use of ICT - Adeosun, Oyenike (Journal of international cooperation in education, 2010)
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has been continuously linked to higher efficiency, higher productivity, and higher educational outcomes, including quality of cognitive, creative and innovative thinking. In response to the global imperative of Education for All, and not willing to be left at lower side of ‘digital divide’ Nigeria launched Universal Basic Education in 1999 and developed an ICT policy in 2001. One of the objectives of the policy focused on integrating ICT into the mainstream of education and training, including basic education. This has been evolving through a number of private and donor-funded initiatives though there is the need to ensure effective and sustained use of ICT in mainstream formal education system. This study explores Nigeria’s ICT in education policies, implementation efforts, and availability of ICT tools in schools; teachers’ knowledge, experience and practices in use of ICT at the basic education level; using qualitative analysis of existing documents and descriptive research design. The survey instrument is a self-designed and validated 50-item questionnaire administered to sampled basic education teachers in Lagos state. Findings showed that Nigeria is yet to fully commit to ICT integration in education as two key ingredients are lacking- skilled teachers and ICT tools and other infrastructures. It was recommended that these issues must be addressed within a focused and implementation committed ICT in education policy.
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Restructuring education, training and human-resource development in the Nigerian construction industry - Aniekwu, Nathaniel Anny; Ozochi, C. A. (International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, 2010)
Investments in manpower development in the construction industry of most developing nations have been the failure of numerous National plans and development strategies adopted by countries and international lending institutions. As a consequence most of these nations are experiencing serious human resources constraints in their construction industry. Clearly the perception and position of government on education has a very long term effect on training of manpower for the industry. The paper looks at knowledge acquisition, the constraints and the possibilities of creating new human-resource capacity for the industry. By stabilizing the construction environment and re-orienting existing training and training institution in terms of government skills-development strategy, these proposals will help create new careers for those working in the industry. Key words: Construction, education, human-resource capacity, skills-development strategy.
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Beyond the Current Primary Science Classrooms in Nigeria: The Need for Curricular Reforms - Eriba, Joel; Achor, Emmanuel Edoja (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
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Implementing school malaria surveys in Kenya: towards a national surveillance system - Gitonga, Caroline W.; Karanja, Peris; Kihara, Jimmy; Mwanje, Mariam T.; Juma, Elizabeth; Snow, Robert W.; Noor, Abdisalan M.; Brooker, Simon (Malaria Journal, 2010)
To design and implement surveys of malaria infection and coverage of malaria control interventions among school children in Kenya in order to contribute towards a nationwide assessment of malaria.The country was stratified into distinct malaria transmission zones based on a malaria risk map and 480 schools were visited between October 2008 and March 2010. Surveys were conducted in two phases: an initial opportunistic phase whereby schools were selected for other research purposes; and a second phase whereby schools were purposively selected to provide adequate spatial representation across the country. Consent for participation was based on passive, opt-out consent rather than written, opt-in consent because of the routine, low-risk nature of the survey. All children were diagnosed for Plasmodium infection using rapid diagnostic tests, assessed for anaemia and were interviewed about mosquito net usage, recent history of illness, and socio-economic and household indicators. Children's responses were entered electronically in the school and data transmitted nightly to Nairobi using a mobile phone modem connection. RDT positive results were corrected by microscopy and all results were adjusted for clustering using random effect regression modelling.49,975 children in 480 schools were sampled, at an estimated cost of US$ 1,116 per school. The overall prevalence of malaria and anaemia was 4.3% and 14.1%, respectively, and 19.0% of children reported using an insecticide-treated net (ITN). The prevalence of infection showed marked variation across the country, with prevalence being highest in Western and Nyanza provinces, and lowest in Central, North Eastern and Eastern provinces. Nationally, 2.3% of schools had reported ITN use >60%, and low reported ITN use was a particular problem in Western and Nyanza provinces. Few schools reported having malaria health education materials or ongoing malaria control activities.School malaria surveys provide a rapid, cheap and sustainable approach to malaria surveillance which can complement household surveys, and in Kenya, show that large areas of the country do not merit any direct school-based control, but school-based interventions, coupled with strengthened community-based strategies, are warranted in western and coastal Kenya. The results also provide detailed baseline data to inform evaluation of school-based malaria control in Kenya.
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China's Cooperation with Africa, and Especially South Africa, in Education and Training. A Special Relationship and a Different Approach to Aid? - King, Kenneth (Journal of international cooperation in education, 2010)
The paper studies the modalities which are used by China in its human resource cooperation with Africa in general, and where relevant with South Africa in particular. It covers the human resource dimensions of the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), pledges, paying particular attention to the latest round of commitments from the November 2009 Ministerial Conference in Egypt; it reviews the short and long term capacity building programmes for Africans in China; it considers the unique role of the Confucius Institutes in Africa, as well as the stand-alone education or training projects outside the FOCAC framework; and it briefl y comments on enterprise-based training in Chinese fi rms. This discussion of China’s educational aid modalities is embedded in a wider consideration of how China’s approaches differ from the current preoccupations of traditional donors about aid harmonisation and country ownership.
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United Nations University Project on Education for Sustainable Development in Africa - Antwi, Effah Kwabena (2010)
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Evaluation of Trauma and Critical Care Training Courses on the Knowledge and Confidence of Participants in Kenya and Zambia - Macleod, Jana; Okech, Moses; Labib, Mohammed; Aphivantrakul, Paul; Lupasha, Emanual; Nthele, Mzaza (World Journal of Surgery, 2010)
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An Interactive Tool for Teaching and Learning English at Upper Primary Level for Mauritius - Pudaruth, Sameerchand; Mantaye, Avinash (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2010)
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An Interactive Tool for Teaching and Learning English at Upper Primary Level for Mauritius - Pudaruth, Sameerchand; Mantaye, Avinash (World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2010)
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Toward a theory of culturally relevant critical teacher care: African American teachers’ definitions and perceptions of care for African American students - Roberts, Mari Ann (Journal of Moral Education, 2010)
Growing research evidence on the ethic of care suggests that caring should be an integral part of the pedagogical methods implemented in schools. However, the colour blind ‘community of care’ often described in the literature does not disaggregate lines of ethnicity or race and much of this existing literature concerns elementary‐ and middle‐school students. This phenomenological study examined teacher care for African American secondary students, through a theoretical lens of critical race and care theory, as it was represented through the counter stories of eight ‘successful’ African American teachers. Findings revealed that teachers’ definitions and perceptions of care reflected a blend of traditional care literature, critical race theory and the literature on African American teachers before and after the US Supreme Court’s landmark Brown decision on integration. Findings also reveal the possibility of a pedagogy that I refer to as ‘culturally relevant critical teacher care’.
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Framing The Israel/Palestine Conflict in Swedish History School Textbooks - Walls, M (2010)
formulations such as ―humiliation and repression‖ or mention of their ―desperate situation‖ in connection to the 1987 Intifada or uprising. In one significant departure from the general framework, ending the occupation as a direct conditionality of peace is inferred in the 1991-92 textbooks. There, Israeli military occupation and territorial expansion are explained by one settler mayor as deliberate hurdles to the establishment of a Palestinian state. In another textbook too, mention is made of influential Jews in the
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Climate Change and Aquatic Ecosystems in Africa: Vulnerability and Adaptations of Niger-Delta Coast to Sea Level Rise - Akpoilih, B.U; Ekeanyanwu, RC (Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2010)
Human activities (primarily the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use and land cover) increase the atmospheric concentration of green house which alter the radioactive balance and tend to warm the atmosphere. Changes in green-house gases leads to regional and global change in temperature, precipitation, and other climate variable, resulting in global soil moisture, increased in global mean sea level and prospects for more severe extreme high temperature events, floods and drought. In Africa, while some countries are classified as water scarce due to successive back to back drought years having devastating effects on ground water quality, others in the coastal zones, particularly gulf of Guinea where the Niger Delta is located, could be inundated due to climate change induced sea-level rise. Both climate change scenarios, which occur in Nigeria, results in not only water quality being impacted negatively, but also threatens fisheries. The threat to aquatic ecosystems in Africa due to climate change, in general, and the vulnerability and adaptation options, in particular, is what this paper aim to address. Challenges on the path of Africa’s effort to combat climate changes, such as the Kyoto protocol (with its flexibility mechanism, joint implementation, and clean development mechanism approaches, among others) ;Social Justice and Global Coupled Circulation Models(GCMs) as it relates to climate prediction in the region, will be highlighted also for Africa’s and Nigeria’s Delta coast.
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Computer Animation and the Academic Achievement of Nigerian Senior Secondary School Students in Biology - Aremu, Ayotola; Sangodoyin, Abiodun (Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, 2010)
This study investigated the effects of computer animation on the academic achievement of Nigerian senior secondary school students in biology. The moderating effects of mental ability and gender were also investigated. The pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. One hundred and eighty-nine senior secondary school Year II biology students from two randomly selected Federal Government Colleges in two states in Southwestern Nigeria were the participants. Findings show that there is a significant main effect of treatment on students’ achievement in biology. The computer animation was effective in improving students’ achievement, therefore, computer animation is recommended as a means of teaching biology to students in Nigerian secondary schools.
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How Did Universal Primary Education Affect Returns to Education and Labor Market Participation in Uganda? - Dragoset, Lisa; Vilhuber, Lars (2010)
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Assessing the Impact of Farmer Field School Participation on IPM Adoption in Uganda - Erbaugh, J. Mark; Donnermeyer, Joseph; Amujal, M. (Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 2010)
The Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Support Program (IPM CRSP) has been implementing IPM farmer field schools (FFS) with small scale farmers in Eastern Uganda since 2001. This study assesses the impact of cowpea-specific IPM FFS on IPM knowledge and the theoretical link between increased knowledge on the adoption of IPM strategies. The assessment was conducted to evaluate the impact of IPM FFS on adoption of IPM strategies. Comparison groups consisting of FFS participants and non participants were used to evaluate the impact of FFS on IPM knowledge and cowpea specific IPM strategies. A summated ratings scale consisting of five attributes was used to measure farmers’ knowledge of IPM and another summated scale consisting of five IPM strategies for cowpea was used to measure adoption. The results indicate that participation in FFS leads to more knowledge of IPM and knowledge of IPM is the most important variable in explaining adoption of IPM strategies. These results provide a confirmation of the adoption decision making process and a validation of FFS as an effective mechanism for increasing both knowledge of IPM and the adoption of cowpea specific IPM strategies. Farmers were more likely to adopt component strategies rather than the entire IPM package. The diffusion of IPM knowledge and strategies to farmers who did not participate in the FFS appears to have been limited.
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Schistosoma mansoni infections amongst school children in Jos, Nigeria. - Goselle, N.O; Anegbe, D; Imandeh, G. N.; Dakul, DA; Onwuliri, A.C.F; Abba, O. J.; Udeh, O.E; Abelau, A.M (Science World Journal, 2010)
A parasitological study of intestinal schistosomiasis among public/private primary and secondary school pupils in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria was conducted.Out of the 280 stool samples examined, 13(4.6%) were positive for S. mansoni parasites.Single, dual and multiple parasitic infections were recovered.The study provided some data on infections with intestinal parasites among the pupils/students in Jos, Nigeria, recommending that control and treatment of these infections is of great importance.
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Youth in the Labor Market and the Transition from School to Work in Tanzania - Kondylis, Florence; Manacorda, Marco (2010)
Tanzania, together with many other Sub-Saharan countries (see Guarcello and others 2005), suffers from a severe youth unemployment and inactivity problem in urban areas (Mjema 1997). Despite sustained growth in the second half of the last decade, during the 1990s labor market outcomes have further deteriorated (Government of Tanzania 2003). Although unemployment is by no means a problem unique to youths in Sub-Saharan Africa, the problem there is compounded by disappointing education outcomes that make the prospects of youths appear rather dim and by the circumstance that work is often the only asset for a large part of the population while no publicly provided insurance mechanism against the risk of unemployment is in place.
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Reading and Writing Ability in Relation to Home Environment: A Study in Primary Education in Rural Tanzania - Ngorosho, Damaris (Child Indicators Research, 2010)
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Adaptation measures by crop farmers in the southeast rainforest zone of Nigeria to climate change - Onyeneke, Robert Ugochukwu; Madukwe, D.K (Science World Journal, 2010)
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Resistance to Regional Human Rights Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific: Demythologising Regional Exceptionalism by Learning from the Americas, Europe, and Africa - Saul, Ben; Mowbray, Jacqueline; Baghoomians, Irene (2010)
Asia and the Pacific are the only regions in the world which are yet to establish cooperative regional mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights. This article briefly outlines the existing scope of human rights protections in the region. It then interrogates common explanations for the Asia-Pacific’s reluctance to institutionalise regional protection of human rights, including that the region is too diverse for uniform standards; contrarily, that ‘Asian values’ differ from western ‘international human rights standards’; that principles of sovereignty and non-intervention preclude external scrutiny; and that Asians have a cultural preference for conciliation over adjudication, ruling out quasi-judicial methods for protecting human rights. This article draws upon the experiences of establishing regional mechanisms in the Americas, Europe and Africa to demonstrate that claims about the uniqueness of the Asian experience are often exaggerated or inaccurate. Asian exceptionalism on human rights questions is often more fruitfully explained as an expression of strategic policy choices by Asian governments to avoid strengthening human rights protections, rather than by any inherent truths about the unsuitability of rights and institutions to Asian traditions, values, diversity or cultural preferences. This article draws lessons from other regions concerning the prospects for regional and institutional cooperation on human rights in the Asia-Pacific, including as regards the establishment of regional charters, commissions and courts.
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African American students’ college readiness: Perceptions of contributing conditions and implications for school leaders - Watson, Stacy Caviel; Mendéz-Morse, Sylvia (2010)
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Social capital and sexual behavior among Ugandan university students - Agardh, Anette; Emmelin, Maria; Muriisa, Robert; Östergren, Per-Olof (Global Health Action, 2010)
Background: Uganda has reduced its prevalence of HIV/AIDS from 18 to 6.5% within a decade. An important factor behind this might have been the response from faith-based voluntary organizations, which developed social capital for achieving this. Three behaviors have been targeted: Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condom use (the ABC strategy). The aim of this study was to explore the association between social capital and the ABC behaviors, especially with reference to religious factors. Methods: In 2005, 980 Ugandan university students responded to a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 80%). It assessed sociodemographic factors, social capital, importance of religion, sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, and condom use. Logistic regression analysis was applied as the main analytical tool. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the male and 49% of the female students had not had sexual intercourse. Of those with sexual experience, 46% of the males and 23% of the females had had three or more lifetime sexual partners, and 32% of those males and 38% of the females stated they did not always use condoms with a new partner. Low trust in others was associated with a higher risk for not always using condoms with a new partner among male students (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.8), and with a lower risk for sexual debut among female students (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9). Non-dominant bridging trust among male students was associated with a higher risk for having had many sexual partners (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.9). However, low trust in others was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual debut in men, while the opposite was true in women, and a similar pattern was also seen regarding a high number of lifetime sexual partners in individuals who were raised in families where religion played a major role. Conclusions: In general, social capital was associated with less risky sexual behavior in our sample. However, gender and role of religion modified the effect so that we can not assume that risky sexual behavior is automatically reduced by increasing social capital in a highly religious society. The findings indicate the importance of understanding the interplay between social capital, religious influence, and gender issues in HIV/AIDS preventive strategies in Uganda.
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Education, Capabilities and Development: Youth in Rural Tanzania - Dahl, Inger Johanne (2010)
This thesis is exploring the relationship between education and development with focus on formal schools ability to enhance capabilities among youth in rural Tanzania. Tanzania has had a focus on education since the independence. The focus has mainly been on giving all children primary education, and this focus has been reinforced by the international emphasis of Education for All. There is a general agreement on educations importance for development. Even so the arguments about what kind of role formal schooling should play vary. Five years ago almost no Tanzanian youth had the possibility for secondary education; today the number is increasing because of newly built schools. The study is mainly done in Haydom village in Mbulu district in October to December 2009. In the collection of data semi -structured interviews has been the main method. Information has been gathered from youth, parents, teachers, one headmaster, and one representative for the government. Observations and unstructured conversations with other youth and adults living or working in Tanzania have been important for the interpretation of the data. This study finds that there has been a massive expansion of the education system recent years, and this has lead to better accessibility but lower quality in both primary and secondary school. The focus at the moment is solely on academic learning, and the enhancement of the education sector does not include vocational or agricultural training. One of the major findings of this study is the lack of a holistic discussion about what kind of education Tanzanian children and youth needs. This thesis argues that the local community, and youth in particular should have a central place in this discussion. Another important finding is the instrumental view on education that is typical at all levels of society. Education is seen as a ticket to increased economic wealth both at individual level and in society. This thesis argues that this narrow perception of education constrains the individual’s ability to enhance its freedoms, and does not fully utilize the potential education has to create change. It has been this thesis goal to critically examine the role education is playing in the Tanzanian society today, and at the same time highlight the opportunities and potential a good education has to create development.
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Adult Education and Social Transformation in the South: The Botswana Experience - Maruatona, Tonic (The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 2010)
Abstract The article argues that, historically, universities have served a select few individuals as part of modernist not transformative agenda. This highly selective process guarantees students good life. The article argues that university education helps to redress colonial inequities through creating opportunities for graduate employability. However, university education has also served conflicting roles of adhering to the global capitalist imperative and attempting to inculcate social inclusion in developing nations. The roles of university-based adult education is analyzed in terms of its curricula, teaching, and research to demonstrate that adult education serves officialdom and has strayed from the initial adult education focus of social transformation. Drawing some illustrations from the Department of Adult Education at the University of Botswana, the article argues that programs serve state interests through engaging in a neoliberal modernist curriculum that excludes the learners. Finally, it is suggested that adult education should rethink the curricula, strengthen civil society, and mobilize community for social transformation.
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Socio-Economic and Cultural Determinants of Girl-Child Education in Gushegu/Karaga District of the Northern Region of Ghana - Alhassan, Eliasu (Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 2010)
Disparities in education remain global although between 1970 and 1990 considerable progress was made to narrow gaps. Ghana has made progress towards achieving equal access to education overall but is a long way from achieving gender equality. The situation is worse in northern Ghana where girls enrolment and completion rates are far lower than the national average. Studies show that the Northern Region records the lowest gender parity rates in education. This paper examines the factors and forces militating against girls’ education in the Gushegu-Karaga District with the view to making proposals for improving the situation. Secondary and primary data were collected from various sources for the analysis including a survey and existing documentation. The study reveals that poverty, low parental income, low parental level of education, early marriage, boy child preference, religious practices, household chores, child betrothal, child fosterage and polygyny as factors impeding girls’ education. These factors were found to further impede girls’ progress socio-economically. This situation creates the need for intense educational campaigns, sex education, vocational education, bye laws, affirmative action policies and school management committees to tackle the challenges in order to help reduce and eventually eliminate the socio-economic and cultural impediments and promote girls’ progress.KEY DESCRIPTORS: Gender Parity, Socio-economic determinants, Household, Girl Child Education, Cultural factors.
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Teacher Migration and the Quality of Basic Education in the Upper West Region of Ghana - Imoro, Jaha Razak; Ahorlu, Collins; Koka, Eric (Ghana Journal of Development, 2010)
The Wa West District of the Upper West Region is an important sending area for teacher migrants to the Brong Ahafo Region, both in Ghana.This paper discusses the reasons for the out-migration of teachers and the effects on the quality of basic education in the Wa West District.The discussion focuses on the characteristics of the teacher migrants, reasons for outmigration and the performance of sending schools as a result of the out-migration.The goal is to expose some of the reasons that account for poor quality education in the Upper West Region while attempting to suggest remedies to this problem.To be able to do this a survey was conducted using questionnaire and interviews as main instruments.The survey revealed that economic push factors such as inadequate motivation for teachers in the sending District and the lack of alternative employment opportunities were key factors for teacher migration.The push conditions were found to result in the poor performance of pupils at the primary and junior secondary school levels in sending district.Consequently, it was concluded that improvements in the socio-economic and infrastructure of the sending district, which would aid in bridging the development gap between the two regions, would help in reducing teacher migration and improve the quality of basic education in the Wa West District.
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Sociodemography and Distribution of Students Attending Schools for the Blind in Oyo State, Nigeria - Mosuro, Anjola; Ajaiyeoba, AI; Bekibele, CO; Eniola, Michael S; Adedokun, Babatunde (Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology (Mumbai), 2010)
Aim: To determine the distribution and sociodemographic classification of students attending schools for the blind in Oyo State, Nigeria.Method: This is a descriptive and interventional crosssectional study.A total sampling of all students in the four schools for the blind in Oyo State was carried out. Results: A total of 86 students from the four schools for the blind in Oyo State were included in the study.This comprised 2(2.3%) students from School for the Deaf and Blind, Eruwa; 22 (25.6%) from School for the Blind, Aperin Oniyere, Ibadan; 11 (12.8%) from School for the Blind, Doba, Oyo Town; and 51 (59.1%) from Ogbomosho Training Centre for the Blind, Ogbomosho.The mean age of the students was 19.4 years (SD=8.19).Thirty percent of the students were less than 16 years, 33.7% were between 17 and 19 years, 16.3% were between 20 and 24 years, 8.1% between 25 and 29 years, and 11.6% were above 30 years.There were more males (73.3%) than females (26.7%), with a male to female ratio of 3:1.Christians constituted 73.3% of the students while Muslims made up the remainder.Majority were from the Yoruba ethnic group (98.9%). Conclusion:More attention needs to be focussed on the sociodemography and distribution of students in schools for the blind in Nigeria as this will assist government and non governmental agencies in the planning and implementation of policies which will help to improve the lot of the students in the schools.
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The Impact of Distance Learning on Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa - Tankari, Moussa; Anderson, Bodi (2010)
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The practical application of an entrepreneurial performance training model in South Africa - Vuuren, Jurie Jansen Van; Botha, Melodi (Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2010)
Purpose This paper sets out to apply practically the constructs of the entrepreneurial performance training model to three different training interventions, known as the business start‐up, basic entrepreneurship, and advanced entrepreneurship programmes. Furthermore, the paper aims to measure the business performance indicators and skills transfer that took place after the training interventions. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research was conducted, using three validated research questionnaires. The research design consists of a pre‐test, post‐test and post‐post test (ten weeks after the training interventions took place). Factor analysis was done, descriptive statistics arising from opinions and expressions are presented and statistical tests such as the Chi‐square test and ANOVA provide inferential statistics. Findings The business performance indicators improved for all three training groups after they attended the training interventions. Furthermore, it was proved that skills transfer took place after the respondents attended the training interventions. Research limitations/implications The training groups can be measured again after 18 months of three years to really determine the impact of the training interventions. The results of the three training programmes can be compared to see whether the basic entrepreneurship groups gained more skills and their business performance indicators increased more than the business start‐up or advanced entrepreneurship programmes. Practical implications The outcomes and implications of this research paper emphasise that it is imperative to design training programmes based on training models that have been tested. This paper highlights some aspects of how constructs used within the training models can be tested. Originality/value The entrepreneurial performance‐training model was practically applied and provides a set of expectations for other entrepreneurship models as well as presenting a benchmark against which programme performance can be measured. A unique teaching methodology is portrayed that contributes to the overall effectiveness of the training model.
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Knowledge Assessment, Improved Storage Techniques, and Training of Local Processors and Vendors of Soy Products on Food Safety Practices in South West Nigeria - Fasoyiro, S. B.; Obatolu, V. A.; Ashaye, O. A.; Lawal, B. O. (Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2010)
This study assessed the food safety knowledge, practices, and training needs of local processors and vendors of soy products in South West Nigeria. Ninety women, processors, and vendors were interviewed using a structured interview schedule about their training in food processing; knowledge of food hygiene, spoilage, and poisoning; primary source of water for processing; method of refuse disposal; types of toilet facilities; and hand washing, storage, and packaging practices. Laboratory studies were conducted to improve the storage of soymilk and soy cheese displayed for daily sale and to develop training in good food safety practices for local processors and vendors as an intervention strategy.
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Economic evaluation of a combined microfinance and gender training intervention for the prevention of intimate partner violence in rural South Africa - Jan, Stephen; Ferrari, Giulia; Watts, Charlotte; Hargreaves, James; Kim, Julia C.; Phetla, Godfrey; Morison, Linda; Porter, John D.; Barnett, Tony; Pronyk, Paul (Health Policy and Planning, 2010)
Objective Assess the cost-effectiveness of an intervention combining microfinance with gender and HIV training for the prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Africa.
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International assistance to educational development : a case study of the basic education section in Ghana - Okugawa, Yukiko (2010)
Since the advent of international assistance, the aid paradigm has changed continually and the choice of mechanisms for providing assistance has evolved in order to try and pursue better approaches. Along with the traditional project approach, the sector-wide approach involving budgetary support has emerged as a new aid modality since the mid-1990s. While many donors – e.g. the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the World Bank and the European Union (EU) – have embraced the new modality, some donors have kept their distance from this trend, relying mostly on project assistance – e.g. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). However, the extent to which aid resources are absorbed in the recipient government/sector under the different aid delivery mechanisms is not well known. This thesis provides insight into this question by exploring the process of absorbing foreign funds in the education sector. Employing a phenomenological research approach, the process is examined from the point of view of local actors and beneficiaries of aid aimed at improving education quality. The context chosen is basic education (primary and junior secondary) in Ghana after the introduction of the national basic education reform, which was announced as the Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) programme in 1996. Two cases are chosen for comparison: the Whole School Development (WSD) programme financed by the DFID; and the Quality Improvements in Primary Schools (QUIPS) programme facilitated by USAID. The former constitutes a sector-wide type of assistance, which put Ghanaian officials in charge of DFID funds and the implementation of the programme; while the latter adopted a project type model, with implementation managed directly through a USAIDfunded project office. The major part of the data is derived from interviews conducted in 2006 with significant educational personnel at three different levels: Ministry of Education (MoE) headquarters, the District Education Office (DEO), and the schools). The analysis reveals a complex picture of aid absorption, which illuminates the pros and cons of the two approaches in relation to impact and sustainability. The study finds that the QUIPS project achieved tangible results in the pilot schools, while the WSD programme made little impact at the school level. The WSD programme, which used existing structures within the education system to deliver funds and resources to schools, showed evidence of high fungibility, but appears to have strengthened the Ministry‟s administrative capacity. On the other hand, the QUIPS approach, which had low fungibility, has been severely criticised by Ghanaian officials, who questioned its sustainability and contribution to system-wide change. The thesis concludes by stating its specific contribution to the literature on international aid assistance to developing countries and making recommendations for the Ghanaian context.
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The Nature and Quality of Pre-Service Science Teacher Education: and Transition to Teaching in Lagos State, Nigeria - Braimoh, Durojaiye Saidi (2010)
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Quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate dental students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan - Elsayed, Randa Osman; Abubakr, Neamat Hassan; Ibrahim, Y. E. (Australian Endodontic Journal, 2010)
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate dental students at the University of Khartoum. Assessment was by examination of periapical radiographs of completed endodontically treated teeth, performed by undergraduate dental students. A total of 166 postoperative periapical radiographs compromising 265 roots were included. The quality of endodontic treatment was examined in relation to the length of the root filling in relation to the radiographic apex, the density of the obturation according to presence of voids and the taper of root canal fillings. Adequate length of the root filling was found in 34.7% of the maxillary teeth and in 10.9% of mandibular teeth in this study. Adequate density was found in 38.87% of maxillary and 16.98% of mandibular teeth and appropriate taper was found in 40% of maxillary and 16.6% of mandibular teeth. Overall 24.2% in all evaluated teeth were found to have a root filling of an acceptable quality. This result may be because of insufficient preclinical endodontic training of the students' operators or because of the introduction of students to endodontic clinical practice late in their program.
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Eritrea - Eritrea Education Sector Investment Project : P070272 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 18 - Hirshberg, Susan E. (2010)
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ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY AND HYDROCHEMISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE BANANA PLAIN (MUNGO-DIVISION) OF THE CAMEROON VOLCANIC LINE - Ako, Andrew Ako; Shimada, Jun; Kimpei, Ichiyanagi; Koike, Katsuaki; Hosono, Takahiro; Eyong, Gloria Eneke Takem; Iskandar, Irwan (2010)
The isotope hydrology and hydrochemistry of surface and groundwater of the Banana Plain were studied to trace the origin of groundwaters and evaluate the major ion chemistry and geochemical processes controlling water composition. Water samples from rain, streams, lake, springs, wells and boreholes were collected and analyzed for major ions, stable isotopes, tritium and dissolved silica. 18 O and 2 H data indicate that groundwater has been recharged by meteoric water without significantly being affected by evaporative processes either during or after the recharge process. Evaluation of the groundwater residence time demonstrated that groundwater in the Banana Plain aquifers should be considered as a renewable water resource. In general the waters are Ca/HCO 3 and Ca-Mg-Na/HCO 3 dominated. Weathering of silicate minerals controls the concentration of major ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium while NO 3 and Cl are of anthropogenic origin. Chemical composition of the groundwater in this area is influenced by rock-water interactions.
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Government Policy and Teacher Education in Ghana - Akyeampong, Kwame (2010)
Education policy and practice has historically been developed within the national/regional context. However, globalization has prompted educationalists to review their practice in the light of international influences. World issues such as global warming, conflict and the depletion of earth resources have also contributed to an increased awareness of the role that education can play in resolving these problems.
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Writings on Education in West Africa - Kilham, Hannah (2010)
Hannah Kilham (1774–1832) was a missionary whose aim in her work in the Gambia and Sierra Leone was to teach children in their own indigenous languages rather than in English. In order to do so she learned the Wolof language from African sailors in London and later, in Sierra Leone, collected specimens of thirty languages through her encounters with freed slaves. The first of two publications reissued in this volume, Kilham's Report on a Recent Visit to the Colony of Sierra Leone (1828), discusses the state of education in the colony as well as the general condition of its people. The second, Claims of West Africa to Christian Instruction through the Native Languages (1830) also discusses the system of education, outlining the process of tuition, and emphasising the need for Bible translations into African languages. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=kilhha
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A prospective study of methamphetamine use as a predictor of high school non-attendance in Cape Town, South Africa - Plüddemann, Andreas; Flisher, Alan J.; McKetin, Rebecca; Parry, Charles D. H.; Lombard, Carl (Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2010)
This prospective study investigated the association between life-long methamphetamine and other drug use and high school non-attendance, in a sample of high school students in Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample of 1535 high school students completed a baseline questionnaire in 2006, and were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 12 months later. The questionnaire included questions on substance use, including tobacco, alcohol, methamphetamine and cannabis use, demographic factors, and questions relating to school attendance and performance. Forty-three percent of the students surveyed at baseline did not complete a follow-up questionnaire after 12 months. Compared with students who were not using selected substances, an adjusted logistic regression model showed that life-time methamphetamine use in addition to other substances was significantly associated with non-attendance (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.24 - 5.36) when other non-substance use factors (repeating a year at school and being older than the norm for current grade) were taken into account. Early identification of students with methamphetamine and other substance use problems, and a supportive rather than punitive school policy, may be valuable in improving high school completion and student retention rates.
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Education, Religion, and Anthropology in Africa - Stambach, Amy (Annual Review of Anthropology, 2010)
Taking as its starting point classic accounts of native education and culture contact, this article reviews key trends and orientations that have shaped the anthropological study of education and religion in Africa. It identifies three frames that capture the development of research chronologically from the 1930s onward: (a) a functionalist focus on Christian-inflected adaptive education; (b) applied and sociohistorical emphases on education as, respectively, an engine for driving secular change and a medium through which to shape new ritualized practices and religious beliefs; and (c) a more recent concentration on youth education as a key site for analyzing politicized religious identity and youths' radicalization. I argue that this trajectory of research foregrounds two phenomena that anthropology also underanalyzes: first, the close association of religious missions with the development of today's highly secularized yet religiously inflected regional and global institutions that support educational programming in Africa; and second, a marginalization of the study of Islam in Africa, which reflects a Christianized cultural legacy in anthropological studies of religion and education.
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Packaging design course teaching improvement: a case study in the faculty of applied arts, Egypt - Abdallah, Noha; Darwish, Randa (Indian journal of science and technology, 2010)
The packaging design course in printing, publishing and packaging programme, faculty of applied arts, Helwan University in Egypt is introduced as a paperless course inclusive of lectures notes to projects and evaluations. This paper discusses the teaching approaches, techniques and its application on packaging design course in printing, packaging publishing programme. The paper also discusses how the introduction and adaptation of some current teaching methods might be used to improve the quality of teaching and learning. Student’s feedback was taken to assess the effectiveness of teaching methods and determined learning problems in packaging design course. Adapting new teaching methods in this course helped in overcoming students’ difficulties; therefore continuous improvement should be performed for better teaching outcomes. Keywords: Curriculum, teaching, learning, packaging design course.
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Opportunities for a democratic pedagogy: a comparative study of South African and Swedish teachers' attitudes to inclusive education - Helldin, Rolf; Bäckman, Örjan; Dwyer, Helen; Skarlind, Anders; Hugo, Anna J.; Nel, Norma; Müller, Hélène (Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2010)
This paper is based upon the collaboration between two research groups from Stockholm University and the University of South Africa. The main objective is to compare attitudes between South African (SA) and Swedish teachers regarding inclusive education (IE). IE in this paper is examined as a distinct part of the Swedish welfare system. The method used can be characterised as a combined, quantitative and qualitative research design with a purposive sampling. A similar adapted questionnaire was distributed in the two countries. The Swedish teachers in our data are more pro-inclusion and more hesitating to accommodate learners with barriers in special schools. However, both the Swedish and the SA teachers in the study are hesitating towards the feasibility to implement IE practically. A team approach is concluded to be an adequate pedagogy for supporting IE both in South Africa and Sweden.
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Tobacco use amongst out of school adolescents in a Local Government Area in Nigeria - Adebiyi, Akindele O.; Faseru, Babalola; Sangowawa, Adesola O; Owoaje, Eme T. (Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 2010)
Out-of-school adolescents are often neglected when planning for tobacco prevention programmes whereas they are more vulnerable. Few studies exist in Nigeria about their pattern of tobacco use to serve as the basis for effective policy formulation. A sub sample of 215 out of school adolescents was analyzed from a descriptive cross sectional study on psychoactive substance use amongst youths in two communities in a Local Government Area in Nigeria which used a multi-stage sampling technique. Males were 53% and females 47%. Only 20.5% had ever used tobacco while 11.6% were current users. Males accounted for 60% of current users compared to 40% amongst females. Of current users, 84% believed that tobacco is not harmful to health. In addition, the two important sources of introduction to tobacco use were friends 72% and relatives 20%. Use of tobacco amongst significant others were: friends 27%, fathers 8.0%, relatives 4.2% and mothers 0.5%. The most common sources of supply were motor parks 52% and friends 16%. The study showed that peer influence is an important source of introduction to tobacco use while selling of tobacco to adolescents in youth aggregation areas is common. We advocate for a theory based approach to designing an appropriate health education intervention targeted at assisting adolescents in appreciating the harmful nature of tobacco use in this locality. A point-of-sale restriction to prevent adolescent access to tobacco in youth aggregation areas within the context of a comprehensive tobacco control policy is also suggested. However, more research would be needed for an in-depth understanding of the tobacco use vulnerability of this group of adolescents.
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Social order, education and democracy in Nigeria: Some unresolved questions - Chibueze, C. Ikeji; Kalu, John Otisi; Paul, Utulu (2010)
The democratization drive in contemporary Nigeria is undoubtedly, a serious project. Education of the citizenry is pivotal in this process. To be more succinct, the efficacy of democratization drive, including its sustainability, is unquestionably dependent on the enabling capacity provided by education. It is this enormous potential of education that makes it prone to manipulation by powerful forces to serve vested interest - a trend that is increasingly being reinforced in contemporary times. This trend calls for proper analysis, about which efforts have been made. However, the tendency is for most analyses on education and democracy to be rendered in a manner that ignores the character of social order, which affects and is affected by education and democracy. This paper is a departure from this trend. Orthodoxy is challenged by showing the nexus and interface between social order, education and democracy in Nigeria. It is argued that, in the final analysis, the social order, more than anything else, determines the kind of education and democracy a society gets. With a focus on Nigeria, the paper raises some questions begging for answers: Is the provision and acquisition of education a neutral issue? Is the status quo, in terms of content and direction of education, appropriate for our purpose? To what use have powerful social and political forces put education; for meaningful and sustainable democracy or self-serving class end? These and other questions forms part of the unresolved questions this paper attempts to deal with. Key words: Social order, education, democracy.
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Predictors of premenstrual syndrome among Nigerian university students - Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Akabuike, Josephat Chukwudi; Maduekwe, K (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2010)
International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 112, Issue 1 p. 63-64 Brief communications Predictors of premenstrual syndrome among Nigerian university students Ahizechukwu C. Eke, Corresponding Author Ahizechukwu C. Eke ahizeeke2nd@yahoo.ca Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaCorresponding author. Tel.: + 234 806 863 4110.Search for more papers by this authorJosephat C. Akabuike, Josephat C. Akabuike Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorKelechi Maduekwe, Kelechi Maduekwe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author Ahizechukwu C. Eke, Corresponding Author Ahizechukwu C. Eke ahizeeke2nd@yahoo.ca Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaCorresponding author. Tel.: + 234 806 863 4110.Search for more papers by this authorJosephat C. Akabuike, Josephat C. Akabuike Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorKelechi Maduekwe, Kelechi Maduekwe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 October 2010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.09.004Citations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume112, Issue1January 2011Pages 63-64 RelatedInformation
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Complex language encounters: Observations from linguistically diverse South African classrooms - Evans, Rinelle; Cleghorn, Ailie (Language and Literacy, 2010)
This article reports on the initial observation phase of a larger, longitudinal project that explores complex language encounters in grades R (Reception) to 3 classrooms in South Africa. Complex language encounters refer to teacher-learner exchanges that take place when neither teachers nor learners are first language speakers of the language of instruction, in this case English. Observations during teaching practice visits to linguistically and culturally diverse South African urban classrooms yielded several vignettes that illustrate the need for teachers to be provided with strategies to lessen the confusion of some language encounters. Although preliminary, our findings underline how critical it is for teachers to possess full proficiency in the language of instruction as well as cross-cultural competence. That is, in order to attend adequately to diverse learners’ sense-making efforts, teachers need to know how to relate to learners by ‘border crossing’ linguistically, culturally and conceptually.
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‘When I hear Afrikaans in the classroom and never my language, I get rebellious’: linguistic apartheid in South African higher education - Greenfield, Derek (Language and Education, 2010)
Language policies in South African education have historically been inextricably woven within the fabric of larger sociopolitical realities and have supported the interests of those in power. With the dismantling of the apartheid regime and subsequent Constitutional statements addressing the importance of promoting the status and use of indigenous languages, progressive linguists and educators envisioned the possibilities of ushering in a new era of linguistic equality. However, especially at the tertiary level, educational practice continues to privilege the colonial languages, at the particular expense of Black South African students. In contrast with previous research that highlights more supportive sentiments among Black students regarding this hegemonic condition, this study incorporates ‘deep interviewing’ to identify the presence of more covert negative attitudes that have profound implications for educational performance. Implications for further scholarly work as well as plausible strategies for reform are considered.
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Prevalence of septicaemia and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates at the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon - Kamga, Hlf; Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Nde, P.E; Assob, Jules Clément Nguedia; Nsagha, DS; Weledji, PE (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2010)
Bloodstream infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity.Rapid empiric antibiotic therapy is often needed.Knowledge of epidemiological data of common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is needed for rapid therapy.This study was aimed at determining the common causes of septicaemia and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern from the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé.Blood samples were collected and cultured aerobically.Isolates were identified using bacteriological and biochemical methods and antibiotic sensitivity was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results showed that of the 396 patients examined 112 (28.3%) had septicaemia.Children below the age of 15 years constituted the greatest percentage of infected subjects (63.4%) followed by patients aged between 16-30 years (10.7%)(P < 0.05).The highest incidence of septicaemia were from medicine (8.95‰), followed by paediatrics (7.04‰), surgery (6.46 ‰), out-patients (5.79‰), neonatology (5.12‰), obstetrics and gynaecology (5.05‰) and emergency (2.05‰) wards.The overall incidence of septicaemia was 5.79 per 1000 admissions.Gram-positive bacteria were encountered more often than gram negative bacteria (56.2% versus 43.8%, P<0.05).Among the gram-positive bacteria, 52 (82.5%) were Staphylococci; 6 (9.5%) were Streptococcus species; while 5 (7.9%) were unidentified grampositive bacteria.Among gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacteriacea 39 (79.6%) and non-fermenting bacteria 10 (20.1 %) were more frequent.Staphylococci were generally sensitive to Minocyclin and Rifampin (90%) while Enterobacteriaceae were most sensitive to Cefoxitin (71%) and Aztreonam (74%).Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Salmonella typhi are the leading causes of bacteraemia among patients attending the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé
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VLE And Its Impact On Learning Experience Of Students: Echoes From Rural Community School In Ghana - Najim, Najim Ussiph (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2010)
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Perception of HIV screening among students of a Nigerian university - Omotoso, G.O; Akande, M; Asha, Monwara Khatun; Busari, Olusegun Adesola; Olubiyi, O.M. (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2010)
HIV/AIDS continues to be an urgent public health challenge all over the world, particularly developing countries. This study was carried out know the perception of students on HIV screening, and their attitude towards undergoing the test. In this cross-sectional survey involving undergraduates in a Nigerian University, 300 self- administered questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Despite the high level of awareness HIV/AIDS (n=284; 94.7%), only 16% (n=48) actually knew their HIV status. Seventy percent (70%; n=210) were willing to undergo the test if offered free-of- charge. A large number (n=284; 94.7%) believed that the higher institutions of learning are high risk communities, and that students by extension are at risk (n=254; 84.7%); and hence 77.3% (n=232) believed students should be screened for HIV. A review government policy on payment for HIV screening among high risk population is still very essential, and an enabling environment created to encourage maximum participation. The study and similar studies may be useful to institutions when considering HIV screening for students or workers, after a careful consideration of the adverse economic and social impact of its implementation and the circumstance which the test results may be used.Keywords: HIV; Perception; Screening; Students.
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Psychoactive Substance Use Among Undergraduate Students of The University of Ibadan, Nigeria - Owoaje, Eme; Bello, Jade (Tropical Journal of Health Sciences, 2010)
This study was conducted to provide baseline information on the pattern of psychoactive substance use and identify factors associated with use among tertiary students in Nigeria. A structured self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from students of the University of Ibadan who were selected by systematic random sampling. Information was obtained on respondent's socio- demographic characteristics, lifetime and current use of psychoactive substances. The mean age of the respondents was 21.9 3.0 years. More than half (62.3%) of the respondents were males and almost all (96.9%) were single. Lifetime use of at least one psychoactive substance was reported by 58.4% of the respondents while 15.4% were current users. The common substances ever used were alcohol (40.9%), kolanut (36.4%), hypno-sedatives (13.0%) and tobacco (11.3%).The most common substance currently being used was alcohol (13.6 %), followed by kolanut (2.5%) and tobacco(2.3%). Lifetime use of alcohol was commoner among male students 45.9% compared with female students (32.8%) p=0.00, and current use of alcohol was higher among female students (16.4%) compared to males (10.2%) p=0.05. Reported lifetime use of psychoactive substances was quite high but current use was relatively lower. Educational programmes targeted at reducing alcohol use among these students are required. These should be developed and implemented by stakeholders in the university community.Key words: University students, psychoactive substance use, Nigeria
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Teaching and Learning in Rwanda: My Fulbright Experience - Perdue, Diana (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2010)
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The Rise of African Drumming among Adult Music Learners in Hong Kong - Lee, Hung Kun (International Education Studies, 2010)
The present study aims at further examining an interesting finding of a recent empirical research on Hong Kong adults' participation in African drumming from a sociological perspective by adopting some Bourdieuan concepts.Results of the semi-structured interviews with 82 informants with diverse musical backgrounds and occupations concur that African drumming was hardly evident in Hong Kong before 1991, but related learning programmes have burgeoned in recent years.This study finds that the rise of African drumming among adult music learners over the past two decades in Hong Kong where the African residents only amount to a very small proportion (less than 0.3%) of the total population is the consequence of the two-phase habituation of a receptive attitude towards the ethnic musical tradition.The new habitus has been gradually formulated by highly acknowledged individual and group, first in the field of professional education of percussionists and later in the field of community music, where the cultural capital of African drumming has been increasingly convertible into symbolic capital and economic returns.
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On the American constitution, Somalia, cyberwar, Brazil's elections, qat-chewing, David Bowie, teachers' unions, Trident: Constitutional wrangling - Allan, James (The Economist, 2010)
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14. Teachers’ attitudes toward African American Vernacular English: infl uence of contact with linguistics on ambivalent attitudes. - Buendgens-Kosten, Judith (English and American Studies in German, 2010)
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On the Potential Causes of the Nonstationary Correlations between West African Precipitation and Atlantic Hurricane Activity - Fink, Andreas H.; Schrage, Jon M.; Kotthaus, Simone (Journal of Climate, 2010)
Abstract For years, various indices of seasonal West African precipitation have served as useful predictors of the overall tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic Ocean. Since the mid-1990s, the correlation unexpectedly deteriorated. In the present study, statistical techniques are developed to describe the nonstationary nature of the correlations between annual measures of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity and three selected West African precipitation indices (namely, western Sahelian precipitation in June–September, central Sahelian precipitation in June–September, and Guinean coastal precipitation in the preceding year’s August–November period). The correlations between these parameters are found to vary over the period from 1921 to 2007 on a range of time scales. Additionally, considerable year-to-year variability in the strength of these correlations is documented by selecting subsamples of years with respect to various meteorological factors. Broadly, in years when the environment in the main development region is generally favorable for enhanced tropical cyclogenesis (e.g., when sea surface temperatures are high, when there is relatively little wind shear through the depth of the troposphere, or when the relative vorticity in the midtroposphere is anomalously high), the correlations between indices of West African monsoon precipitation and Atlantic tropical cyclone activity are considerably weaker than in years when the overall conditions in the region are less conducive. Other more remote climate parameters, such as the phase of the Southern Oscillation, are less effective at modulating the nature of these interactions.
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Relationship Between Malnutrition and Parasitic Infection among School Children in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon - Garba, Comfort; Mbofung, Carl Moses (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010)
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Climate variability and climate change: Impacts on Kenyan agriculture - Herrero, Mario; Ringler, Claudia; Steeg, Jeannette van de; Thornton, Philip K.; Zhu, Tingju; Bryan, Elisabeth; Omolo, Abisalom; Koo, Jawoo; Notenbaert, An Maria Omer (2010)
Characteristic of much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya is highly vulnerable to climate change. The country and greater region already experience high temperatures and relatively low but highly variable precipitation while their economies remain dependent on rainfed agriculture. Adoption of modern technology is low; poverty remains widespread; and infrastructure under-developed. In order to devise adaptation strategies for smallholders in Kenya, researchers need to assess the impact of climate change and variability on the agriculture sector and economy. This project note is based on a report that gives an overview and analysis of climate variability, climate change, and their respective agricultural impacts.
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Probabilistic spatio-temporal assessment of vegetation vulnerability to climate change in Swaziland - Dlamini, Wisdom M. (Global Change Biology, 2010)
In a spatially explicit climate change impact assessment, a Bayesian network (BN) model was implemented to probabilistically simulate future response of the four major vegetation types in Swaziland. Two emission scenarios (A2 and B2) from an ensemble of three statistically downscaled coupled atmosphere-ocean global circulation models (CSIRO-Mk3, CCCma-CGCM3 and UKMO-HadCM3) were used to simulate possible changes in BN-based environmental envelopes of major vegetation communities. Both physiographic and climatic data were used as predictors representing the 2020s, 2050s and the 2080s periods. A comparison of simulated vegetation distribution and the expert vegetation map under baseline conditions showed an overall correspondence of 97.7% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.966. Although the ensemble projections showed comparable trends during the 2020s, the results from the A2 storyline were more drastic indicating that grassland and the Lebombo bushveld will be impacted negatively as early as the 2020s with about 1 °C temperature increase. The bioclimatically suitable areas of all but one vegetation type decline drastically after about 2 °C warming, more so under the more severe A2 scenario and in particular during the 2080s. The sour bushveld is the only vegetation type that initially responds positively to warming by possibly encroaching to the highly vulnerable grassland areas. Vulnerability of vegetation is increased by the limited ability to migrate into suitable climates due to close affinity to certain geological formations and the fragmentation of the landscape by agriculture and other land uses. This is expected to have serious impacts on biodiversity in the country. Under warmer climates, the likely vegetation types to emerge are uncertain due to future novel combinations of climate and bedrock lithology. The strengths and limitations of the BN approach are also discussed.
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Prevalence and Impact of Headache and Migraine Among Secondary School Students in Nigeria - Ofovwe, GE; Ofili, AN (Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 2010)
A cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the overall, age and gender specific prevalence, trigger factors and impact of headache and migraine on quality of life of students attending secondary schools in Benin City, Nigeria.Six secondary schools were randomly selected from which students were randomly selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to screen those with frequent headache, defined as at least 2 episodes of headache unrelated to fever or any underlying disease within the last 12 months or at least 1 episode in the last 6 months preceding the date questionnaire was administered. Another questionnaire based on the ICHD-2 criteria for diagnosis of migraine was then administered to those with frequent headaches. Data analysis was with SPSS 13.0 for Windows.One thousand six hundred and seventy-nine students aged 11-18 years were recruited. The overall prevalence of headache was 19.5%. The prevalence of migraine was 13.5%. Migraine was more common in girls than in boys at all ages. The most common trigger factors included emotional stress, sunlight or bright light, sleep deprivation, and hunger. Inability to participate in outdoor activities, household chores, and school absenteeism were the common impacts on the quality of life of among 76.8% of the migraineurs.Migraine is common and underdiagnosed among secondary school students in Benin City, Nigeria, and negatively impacts on the quality of life including school absenteeism.
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The role of parents, friends and teachers in adolescents' cigarette smoking and tombak dipping in Sudan - El-Amin, Salma El-Tayeb; Nwaru, Bright I.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed; Pisani, Paola; Hakama, M (Tobacco Control, 2010)
Objective To assess the influence of smoking and tombak (local smokeless tobacco) dipping by parents, teachers and friends on cigarette smoking and tombak dipping by school-going Sudanese adolescents. Methods This was a school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2005–2006. Logistic regression was used for the analysis. A total of 4277 Sudanese school-going adolescents (aged 11–17 years) from 23 schools who completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire on the use of tobacco products. Main outcome measures were self-reported tobacco use during the previous month defined current tobacco use. Ever smoking, tombak dipping and other tobacco products were also considered as outcomes. Results After adjusting for sex, age and school grade, adolescents9 smoking habits were strongly associated with the habit in their parents and friends and, more weakly, with tombak dipping by teachers. When adjusted for each other, the association with smoking in friends was unaffected and remained significant (prevalence OR (POR) of having ever smoked was 1.94, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.29; OR of being current smoker was 3.77, 95% CI 2.80 to 5.07). Tobacco smoking in friends was positively associated with adolescents ever tombak dipping (POR 1.81, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.33) and current dipping (OR 3.33, 95% CI 2.20 to 5.05). The association with parental habits was reduced but still significantly elevated. Tombak dipping by teachers was only associated with adolescents ever tobacco smoking. Conclusions Tobacco use by parents, teachers and friends was associated with adolescents9 tobacco habits. The influence of friends was the strongest. In developing programmes against adolescents9 tobacco habits, there is need to target the influence of these ‘significant others’. Sudan needs to develop and implement comprehensive anti-smoking and anti-tombak dipping legislation to reduce the growing prevalence of such habits.
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The Role of School Leadership in Students’ Achievement in Mathematics in Kenya - Mwangi, Renson Muchiri; Perelli, Sheri; Lingham, Tony (2010)
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Physical Education as a tool for developing health and social skills: Results of a pilot study in South Africa and Sweden - Toriola, A.L.; Amusa, L.O.; Patriksson, Göran; Kougioumtzis, Konstantin (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010)
A cooperation project on school physical education (PE) was established between the Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa and the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The project was funded as part of the international cooperation agreement between South Africa and Sweden. The aim of the project was to investigate discrepancies between intended subscription and actual provision for PE/Life Orientation (LO) in Swedish and South African schools. Presented in this paper are results of the pilot study on the comparative research project which focused on PE as a tool for developing health and social skills among Swedish and South African school children. A major objective of the project was to investigate how provision for PE is defined in formal school settings in both countries. To answer the question we constructed a 23-item questionnaire measuring PE provision and children’s attitudes towards the subject in primary and lower secondary schools. A questionnaire was constructed utilizing a) participant observations of lessons in Sweden and South Africa, b) semi-structured interviews with school principals and PE teachers in both countries, and c) analyses of policy documents in each country. The pilot instrument consisted of four batteries of questions: a) Health promotion (8 items), b) Social development (8 items), c) Personal development (10 items), and d) Physical development and movement (6 items). The questionnaire was developed in two almost identical versions and was completed by primary school pupils in South Africa (n =105) and Sweden (n = 42). In order to improve the reliability and the construct validity of the questionnaire we modified the pilot versions of the questionnaire eliminating poorly fit items using various statistical techniques. Pupils’ answers to the questionnaire were analyzed mainly through structural equation modeling techniques (AMOS). This technique facilitates the simultaneous analysis of the robustness of the whole instrument and the test of each battery of questions. The statistical analyses were aimed at designing a questionnaire with very good fit indices for Swedish and South African contexts. Results yielded substantial Cronbach’s α: whole instrument (α=.84); Health promotion (α=60), Social development (α=60), Personal development (α=79), Physical development (α=76), which showed acceptable reliability estimates for the questionnaire subscales.Key words: Physical Education, health, social skills, quality issues, policy.
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Analysis of Students' Dissertation: A Case for Promotion of Lesser-used Vegetables in Ghana - Acquah, SB (Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana, 2010)
Vegetables are valuable sources of vitamins, minerals, fibres and are important in fighting against diseases and malnutrition. One thousand, five hundred and thirty-four (1,534) student theses on plants submitted to the Faculties of Agriculture of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Ghana and University of Cape Coast covering the period 1980-2005 were reviewed to determine the thrust and intensity of research on vegetables. The results indicate that students research in the three universities focused on the well-known vegetables namely tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), onion (Allium cepa L.) and garden egg (Solanum spp.). The lesser-used vegetables such as lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) which has the potential to contribute to food nutrition and food security received little or no research attention. On the basis of their potential contribution in addressing nutritional imbalance, it is recommended that some attention is directed to research on the development, cultivation, management and utilization of the lesser-used vegetables in Ghana.Keywords: Vegetables, research, student theses, nutritive values, lesser-used.
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Strategies for Improving Supervisory Skills for Effective Primary Education in Nigeria - Enaigbe, PA (Edo Journal of Counselling, 2010)
Primary education in Nigeria is of paramount importance to the attainment of personal and national development.This opinion necessitated this paper, as it relates to the need for improved supervisory skills by education personnel towards achieving the goals of primary education in Nigeria.This paper clarifies certain basic concepts such as inspection and supervision, the responsibility of supervisors, relevant areas in supervision, the challenges of supervisors as well as strategies for acquiring improved supervisory skills.Recommendations are made for ensuring the attainment of superior supervisory skills at the primary school level.
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Septic abortion at a university teaching hospital in South West Nigeria. - Jagun, OE; Ayoola-Sotubo, O; Ogunlaja, OA; Oritogun, Kolawole S; Olatunji, AO (Nigerian Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2010)
Background: Abortion is a common cause of maternal mortality and this usually follows severe haemorrhage or sepsis. Septic abortion is sequelae of unsafe abortion and this usually occurs when it is done in a clandestine manner which may be due to lack of legalization of abortion. The study is to determine the pattern of septic abortion managed in the hospital. METHOD: This is a retrospective study of consecutive cases of septic abortion that were admitted into the gynaecological ward between 1998 and 2007 in the hospital. The diagnosis of sepsis was based on clinical and laboratory findings. RESULTS: Thirty-four cases of septic abortion that warranted admissions were seen during the study period and this represented 1.64% of all gynaecology ward admissions. The age range of the patients was between 15-41years with a mean of 24.53years and nulliparous patients represented 47.1%. Fifty eight percent of the abortions were done by quacks while 9.7% was done by medical doctors. The abortion was induced in 91.2% of the cases and only 20.6% of the patients had not had a previous abortion. The abortion was by dilatation and curettage in 61.8% of the cases. The gestational age at abortion ranged between 5 and 26 weeks with majority at 6-10weeks (47.1%) with a mode of 8weeks. Apart from the sepsis, 61.8% of the patients had other complications like anaemia and peritonitis. Definitive management was by conservative measures in 79.4 % with antibiotics and evacuation. The mean interval between abortion and presentation at OOUTH was 9.9days. There was only one case of mortality in the series giving a case fatality rate as 2.94%. Conclusion There is a need for training and retraining of health workers on methods of evacuation of the uterus and early detection of complications. Since it is a problem that is more common among nulliparous young adults, more effort need to be made to reach out to the young adult through incorporation of family life education.
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Determinants of Mate selection choice among University Students in South-South Zone of Nigeria. - Maliki, AE (Edo Journal of Counselling, 2010)
This study sought to identify factors that determine mate selection choice among university students in south-south zone of Nigeria.The study was a descriptive survey.The sample was made up of 1420 randomly selected undergraduates in south-south zone of Nigeria.They consisted of 907 male students and 512 female students, within the age brackets of 16-46 years (M=38.89,SD =7.72).The main finding of the study indicated that students consider character as the most important factor in their mate selection choice.Implications for counselling were given.
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An Examination of Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs about Their African American Students with an Analysis of Selected Characteristics of Schools in One Urban School District. - Marrero, Otoniel (2010)
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The importance of education to increase the use of bed nets in villages outside of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo - Ndjinga, Julie K; Minakawa, Noboru (Malaria Journal, 2010)
Malaria is the most prominent disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been distributed free of charge since 2006 to combat the disease. However, the success of this bed net campaign depends on sufficient bed net use in all age groups. This study was designed to examine the factors affecting bed net use in villages outside of Kinshasa. Two villages along the Congo River, totalling 142 households with 640 residents, were surveyed using a standard questionnaire. The interview determined the number, ages, and sexes of family members; the education level of the family head; the number, colour, and type of nets owned; and the number of nets used in the previous night. The size of house was also measured, and numbers of rooms and beds were recorded. These variables were examined to reveal important factors that affect bed net use. A total of 469 nets were counted, and nearly all nets were white LLINs. Of these nets, 229 (48.8%) nets were used by 284 (44.4%) residents. Bed nets were used by over 90% of children 5 to 15 years of age, whereas less than 50% of the residents in other age groups used bed nets. The important variables affecting bed net use were numbers of beds and rooms in the house and the education level of the family head of household. Education was the most important factor affecting bed net use in the villages outside Kinshasa. Development of an educational programme, particularly one directed toward parents, is necessary to reduce misconceptions and increase prevalence of bed net use among all age groups.
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Impact of Quality Improvement in Primary Schools (QUIPS) Programme on the Academic Performance of Pupils in New Edubiase Methodist Primary School in the Adansi East District of Ghana - Osafo-Acquah, Aaron; Asamoah-Gyimah, Kenneth (Edo Journal of Counselling, 2010)
Since the inception of Ghana’s Educational Reform Programme in 1987, so many interventions have been put in place by the government and various donor organizations. Among them is the Quality Improvement in Primary School (QUIPS) programme sponsored by the USAID, which started in 1997, aimed at improving teaching and learning at the basic level. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of improvement in academic performance of pupils in New Edubiase Methodist Primary School since the inception of the QUIPS programme. It was also to find out what impact the programme has had on the teachers in the school as well as the assistance that the programme has given to parents and the community. The sample for the study included teachers of the New Edubiase Methodist Primary School and the parents who have their children in the school, numbering 58. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire and interview. In analyzing the data, frequencies and percentages were used. The study revealed the following: The introduction of the QUIPS programme has helped to improve academic performance of the pupils in New Edubiase Methodist Primary School; The teachers in the school have improved their professional expertise through in-service training organized during the intervention; The parents and the community have also benefited indirectly from the programme; and that the District Assembly has contributed towards the implementation of the QUIPS programme.
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Refractive errors among a young population in an urban secondary school in South-Southern Nigeria - Osunde, E.A; Raymond, Olivier; Adio, AO (Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 2010)
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Education in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Towards Liberation or Equity? - Thobejane, Tsoaledi Daniel (2010)
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Facing climate change: transition to renewable energy in Africa - Ugo, Guarnacci (2010)
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Westernization as Cultural Trauma: Egyptian Radical Islamist Discourse on Religious Education - Aşık, Mehmet; Erdemir, Aykan (Journal for The Study of Religions and Ideologies, 2010)
In this article, the relation between the Westernization experience and the radical Islamists reaction in Egypt is examined. It is argued that it is necessary to focus on the historical imagination of Westernization to understand the Egyptian reaction as manifested in Islamist religious educational discourse. The historical imagination appears to be based on a traumatic experience which was triggered by a traumatic event, namely British colonialism. The religious educational discourse in Egypt, an opportune case to observe radical Islamist response to the trauma experience, is found to be a mediating structure between the historical experience and the Islamist reaction. The study indicates that emic categories and societal emotions play a significant role in this mediation.
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Motivation and learning preferences of information technology learners in South African secondary schools - Koorsse, Melisa; Cilliers, Charmain; Calitz, André P. (2010)
The Information Technology (IT) subject presented in South African secondary schools is considered to be a difficult subject. The programming component of IT is believed to be the main cause of this difficulty. Learners who struggle with programming are unable to obtain above average marks in IT, as the programming component has the largest weighting in the IT subject framework. The aim of the research upon which this paper is based is to identify factors related to learner achievement in programming and the IT subject. The two areas that this paper investigates are learner motivation towards programming and the learning preferences of IT learners. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is used to determine learner motivation and the Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic (VARK) Questionnaire is used to determine the learning preferences of IT learners. Both questionnaires provide interesting results and observations. The self-efficacy for learning and performance and control of learning beliefs motivational subscales seem to influence the performance of learners at the different schools. The VARK questionnaire results for this study indicate that the learning preferences of IT learners may influence understanding of programming concepts and also that it is best to present content to IT learners using a balance between all four modal groups (visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic) to ensure that the learning preferences of all learners are met. The findings of this research indicate the impact that motivation and learning preferences possibly have on the understanding of programming concepts and overall achievement in programming and the IT subject. The contribution of this paper is the identification of the MSLQ and VARK questionnaires as methods that can be used to improve teaching strategies in South African secondary schools.
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Relative‐change theory: examining the impact of patriarchy, paternalism, and poverty on the education of women in Kenya - Omwami, Edith Mukudi (Gender and education (Print), 2010)
Abstract Forty‐five years have passed since Kenya gained independence and almost 30 years since the feminist revolution ushered in a global gender and development agenda. While Kenya’s development agenda had a functionalist orientation aimed at modernisation, the outcome of efforts to promote education development cannot be understood without an examination of the context of women. Although development agencies acknowledge the need for empowerment of women, the interests of change agencies are accommodated within the bounds of patriarchy, poverty, and paternalism. This situation is best explained by examining the education experience of women through a relative‐change theory prism. From this perspective, change is actively pursued within limits, that is, options for change in the social, cultural, and political context are acknowledged but limited. As a result, whatever education development efforts have been put into place to benefit women in marginalised situations, the outcome has fallen short for the majority of women. Keywords: gender and educationtheorypatriarchypaternalismrelative‐changeKenya
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Crystallising Commitment to Transformation in a South African Higher Education Institute - Macdonald, Helen (Métropole (Rabat), 2010)
This paper emerges out of an ethnographic study conducted at the University of Cape Town that explored the dynamics of an intervention providing a ‘safe space’ for university staff to engage in alternative ways with South Africa’s apartheid past, the university’s institutional culture and with each other. This paper focuses on the social politics that arose between the intervention, its participants and imagined non-participants in relation to the university’s ‘transformation’ vision. The interventionist intention was reworked by participants at a ground level into key symbols by which participants shaped the patterns of their behaviours and gave meaning to their experiences. Utilising Ortner’s (1973) model for recognising and using key symbols, I argue that ‘transformation’ and ‘safe space’ are elaborating symbols in that they have conceptual and action elaborating power. These elaborating symbols operate in relay with a kind of logic that ‘crystallises commitment’ from participants to the intervention in an emotionally powerful and relatively undifferentiated manner. In so doing, they render the intervention a ‘summarising’ symbol capable of expressing what their experience means to them as an imagined community in relation to others.
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Whitaker Library: African American Resources: Education - Bonner, Sarah (2010)
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Causes and differences in retention of white, African American, and Hispanic students who progressed toward graduation after first year in college. - Matthews, K. (2010)
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Association of intestinal helminths and P. falciparum infections in co-infected school children in northwest Tanzania - Mazigo, Humphrey D.; Kidenya, Benson R.; Ambrose, Emmanuela E.; Zinga, Maria; Waihenya, Rebecca (Tanzania health research bulletin, 2010)
In Plasmodium falciparum malaria and intestinal helminth infections are among the most common infections in the tropics and they share the same spatial distribution. The objective of this study was to explore the association between infections with intestinal helminths and P. falciparum infection as single helminth infections or co-infections among school children. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school children in Nyamtongo, Sengerema District in Tanzania. The study involved examination of single stool and finger prick blood samples for intestinal helminths and malaria parasites. A Kato-Katz technique was employed to screen for intestinal helminths and Giemsa stained thin and thick blood smears were used to screen for malaria parasites. The results of logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex indicated no association between P. falciparum and S. mansoni (OR= 0.749, 95%CI 0.418-1.344), P. falciparum and hookworm (OR= 0.885, 95%CI 0.489-1.605) and P. falciparum and co-infection of S. mansoni and hookworm (OR=0.859, 95%CI 0.422-1.745). Using multinomial regression model adjusted for age and sex, no association was observed between P. falciparum with Schistosoma mansoni [Ratio of Relative Risk (RRR) = 0.651, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.331-1.363] and hookworm (RRR=0712, CI 0.280-1.765). Similarly, no association was observed between co-infections of S. mansoni + hookworm (RRR=0.635, CI 0.268-1.504) with P. falciparum infection. Co-infections of S. mansoni, hookworm and P. falciparum among school children is common in the Nyamatongo ward, Sengerema District. We recommend prospective longitudinal studies to elucidate the interactions of malaria and helminths and its health impact in risk groups.
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Improving educational achievement and anaemia of school children: design of a cluster randomised trial of school-based malaria prevention and enhanced literacy instruction in Kenya - Brooker, Simon; Okello, George; Njagi, Kiambo; Dubeck, Margaret; Halliday, Katherine E.; Inyega, Hellen N.; Jukes, Matthew (Trials, 2010)
Improving the health of school-aged children can yield substantial benefits for cognitive development and educational achievement. However, there is limited experimental evidence on the benefits of school-based malaria prevention or how health interventions interact with other efforts to improve education quality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of school-based malaria prevention and enhanced literacy instruction on the health and educational achievement of school children in Kenya.A factorial, cluster randomised trial is being implemented in 101 government primary schools on the coast of Kenya. The interventions are (i) intermittent screening and treatment of malaria in schools by public health workers and (ii) training workshops and support for teachers to promote explicit and systematic literacy instruction. Schools are randomised to one of four groups: receiving either (i) the malaria intervention alone; (ii) the literacy intervention alone; (iii) both interventions combined; or (iv) control group where neither intervention is implemented. Children from classes 1 and 5 are randomly selected and followed up for 24 months. The primary outcomes are educational achievement and anaemia, the hypothesised mediating variables through which education is affected. Secondary outcomes include malaria parasitaemia, school attendance and school performance. A nested process evaluation, using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and a stakeholder analysis will investigate the community acceptability, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the interventions.Across Africa, governments are committed to improve health and education of school-aged children, but seek clear policy and technical guidance as to the optimal approach to address malaria and improved literacy. This evaluation will be one of the first to simultaneously evaluate the impact of health and education interventions in the improvement of educational achievement. Reflection is made on the practical issues encountered in conducting research in schools in Africa.National Institutes of Health NCT00878007.
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PLANT RESPONSES TO CLIMATE IN THE CAPE FLORISTIC REGION OF SOUTH AFRICA: EVIDENCE FOR ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PROTEACEAE - Carlson, Jane E.; Holsinger, Kent E.; Prunier, Rachel (Evolution, 2010)
Local adaptation along environmental gradients may drive plant species radiation within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), yet few studies examine the role of ecologically based divergent selection within CFR clades. In this study, we ask whether populations within the monophyletic white protea clade (Protea section Exsertae, Proteaceae) differ in key functional traits along environmental gradients and whether differences are consistent with local adaptation. Using seven taxa, we measured trait–environment associations and selection gradients across 35 populations of wild adults and their offspring grown in two common gardens. Focal traits were leaf size and shape, specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density, growth, and photosynthetic rate. Analyses on wild and common garden plants revealed heritable trait differences that were associated with gradients in rainfall seasonality, drought stress, cold stress, and less frequently, soil fertility. Divergent selection between gardens generally matched trait–environment correlations and literature-based predictions, yet variation in selection regimes among wild populations generally did not. Thus, selection via seedling survival may promote gradient-wide differences in SLA and leaf area more than does selection via adult fecundity. By focusing on the traits, life stages, and environmental clines that drive divergent selection, our study uniquely demonstrates adaptive differentiation among plant populations in the CFR.
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Funding from Education Partnerships in Africa - Fisher, Helen (2010)
Education Partnerships in Africa (EPA) is pleased to invite applications for funding under Round 3 for HE and FE institutions in England and HE institutions in Northern Ireland (details given below).
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African Americans in Urban Catholic Schools: Faith, Leadership and Persistence in Pursuit of Educational Opportunity - Green, Paul (The Urban review, 2010)
A review of research on US Catholic education reveals that race is not treated as an important area of analysis like class and gender. Black Catholics are rarely studied in education let alone mainstream writings. This article examines the social and educational history of blacks in the US Catholic Church and the dual reality of inclusion and exclusion within a Church and its schools. This paper focuses on the intersection of the Church and Black Catholic schools as enduring institutions of opportunity for Black families and their communities. This paper unearths the shared values, assumptions and beliefs about African American Catholics quest for literacy. The article uses Black Theology as a frame to explain how the intersections of culture, history and religion influence meaning and educational decision-making. African Americans pursued Catholic education for two reasons. First, they sought to be educated which both advanced their individual freedom but vastly improved their community’s economic, social, and political standing. Second, they inserted their own unique cultural and social experiences into Catholic schools which espoused service and academic excellence. Black Catholic schools well-defined values and academic excellence is still viewed by African Americans as places of hope and opportunity for students of color.
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Detection of hazardous storms over South Africa using MSG/SEVIRI image data - Hardy, Caroline Hazel; Nel, André (Proceedings of SPIE, 2010)
A methodology for detecting potentially hazardous storms over South Africa using meteorological satellite imagery from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)/SEVIRI is presented. An index indicative of the hazardous potential of a storm is defined to aid in the identification of affected geographical areas and to quantify the destructive potential of the detected storm. The data from MSG/SEVIRI infrared channels is employed to analyze potentially hazardous storms. A hazardous potential index (HPI) is generated through the use of image processing techniques such as cloud masking, cloud tracking and an image-based analysis of the constituent elements of a severe convective storm.
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Socio-economic and cultural functions of goats in Niger Delta of Nigeria: Implication for education of farmers - Ikeoji, C.N (Ghana journal of agricultural science, 2010)
Data on the socio-economic profiles of goat keepers were collected by structured interviews from 67 respondents who were involved in keeping goats. Oral interviews were used to collect information from Christian pastors, priests, and idol worshippers on their accepted use of goats for worship. Further information on limitations of goat keeping and cultural functions of goats were collected by oral and structured interviews from the respondents. Results showed that goat keeping was not popular in the study area because the people did not cherish goat meat; they see goats as destructive, dirty, and often associated with witchcraft. Forty-six percent of the respondents practised free range, and 18 per cent confined their goats. Goats were, however, found to be widely used during burial ceremonies, marriages, sacrifices, and atonement for certain wrongdoings. Most goat keepers were in the age range of 30 to 49 (73%); while 58 per cent of them were literate, and 42% did not have formal education. Farmers in the study area need education on the diverse use of goat meat and other products to create awareness on the place of goats in meeting the nutritional needs of people in the area.
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Translating Policy Into Practice: Aspects of Learner-Centred Classroom Practices in Mathematics in Namibia Secondary schools - Kapenda, Hileni M. (2010)
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In the Eye of the Storm: Resilience and Vulnerability Among African American Women in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina - Laditka, Sarah B.; Murray, Louise M.; Laditka, James N. (Health Care for Women International, 2010)
Abstract We reviewed 17 studies of experiences of African Americans following Hurricane Katrina, with an emphasis on women. We conducted a literature search using major computerized databases, and we crossed-checked references in articles identified. All of the studies were published in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2010. African American women were more likely than others to report that the hurricane experience produced mental health disorders and stress, disrupted social relationships, and strengthened faith and appreciation of families. African American women emphasized the need to preserve cultural memories, and they advocated for support and recovery. We offer suggestions for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers.
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Impact of Timing of Sex Education on Teenage Pregnancy in Nigeria: Cross-sectional Survey of Secondary School Students - Ochiogu, Ifeoma N.; Miettola, Juhani; Ilika, A; Vaskilampi, Tuula (Journal of Community Health, 2010)
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A Path-Analytic Study of Socio-Psychological Variables and Academic Performance of Distance Learners in Nigerian Universities. - Oladejo, Maruff Akinwale (2010)
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Equity in Science at South African Schools: A pious platitude or an achievable goal? - Ramnarain, Umesh (International Journal of Science Education, 2010)
The apartheid policies in South Africa had a marked influence on the accessibility and quality of school science experienced by the different race groups. African learners in particular were seriously disadvantaged in this regard. The issues of equity and redress were foremost in transformation of the education system, and the accompanying curriculum reform. This paper reports on equity in terms of equality of outputs and equality of inputs in South African school science, with a particular focus on the implementation of practical science investigations. This was a qualitative case study of two teachers on their implementation of science investigations at two schools, one a township school, previously designated for black children, and the other a former Model C school, previously reserved for white children. My study was guided by the curriculum implementation framework by Rogan and Grayson in trying to understand the practice of these teachers at schools located in contextually diverse communities. The framework helped profile the implementation of science investigations and also enabled me to explore the factors which are able to support or hinder this implementation.
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The past in service of the present : a study of South African school history syllabuses and textbooks 1839-1990 - Chernis, Richard Eddison (2010)
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Mentoring of African American Students at a Predominantly White Institution (PWI) - Dahlvig, Jolyn E. (Christian Higher Education, 2010)
This article provides a synthesis of cross-race mentoring research and fills some gaps in the literature by exploring the experiences of five African American women at a Christian, predominately white institution (PWI). The grounded theory study uses constant comparative analysis between the women's stories, existing research, and dialogue with African American colleagues. The article concludes with suggestions for Caucasian higher education professionals seeking to mentor African American students and for institutions implementing mentor programs.
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The Djidjelli (Algeria) earthquakes of 21 and 22 August 1856 (I0 VIII, IX) and related tsunami effects Revisited - Harbi, Assia; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Maouche, Saïd (Journal of Seismology, 2010)
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The double challenge of adapting to climate change while accelerating development in sub-Saharan Africa - Hassan, Rashid M. (Environment and Development Economics, 2010)
ABSTRACT Accelerating economic growth and social development is necessary to reduce the vulnerability and enhance the adaptive capacity of sub-Saharan Africa to cope with the consequences of predicted unfavorable future climate. This requires major investments and policy reforms to induce a needed radical transformation of the way development is currently pursued to a more climate-sensitive path of low carbon growth. Key gaps in the current knowledge base that call for major investments and urgent attention include the ability to forecast more robust local future climate and to account for the uncertainties associated with climate risks for ecosystems' functions and probable nonconvexities in future impacts to project more plausible scenarios for future development in sub-Saharan Africa and provide better information on the costs and benefits of potential actions to avert the negative consequences of climate change.
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Experiences of supervising postgraduate community psychology students at Wits university, South Africa - Langa, Malose; Graham, Tanya (Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 2010)
Abstract In this article, the authors discuss problems and challenges of supervising postgraduate community psychology students at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. As part of their community work, students developed community projects in schools in Alexandra Township, aimed at dealing with social ills such as HIV/AIDS, gangs, violence, substance abuse and teenage pregnancy. Students found community work to be extremely exhausting, stressful and demanding. Therefore, community psychology supervision became an important space in helping students to reflect on the experiences, anxieties and frustrations. This article discusses key themes that have emerged in community supervision, including gender, race and class issues. In conclusion, recommendations are provided on how to improve community psychology supervision based our experiences. Supervisors need to be proactive in helping students to reflect on their experiences and actively engage with some of the theoretical and practical issues that emerge in community work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Minimal Association of Common Red Blood Cell Polymorphisms with Plasmodium falciparum Infection and Uncomplicated Malaria in Papua New Guinean School Children - Lin, Enmoore; Tavul, Livingstone; Michon, P; Richards, Jack S.; Dabod, Elijah; Beeson, James G.; King, Christopher L.; Zimmerman, Peter A.; Müeller, Ivo (American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010)
Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), α+-thalassemia, and low expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1) have been associated with protection against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In a cohort of children 5–14 years of age the effect of α+-thalassemia, SAO (SLC4A1Δ27), CR1 polymorphisms, and Gerbich negativity (GYPCΔex3) on risk of P. falciparum infections and uncomplicated illness were evaluated. The risk of acquiring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-diagnosed P. falciparum infections was significantly lower for α+-thalassemia heterozygotes (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.56) and homozygotes (HR: 0.51) than wild-type children. No such differences were seen in light of microscopy diagnosed infections (P = 0.71) or were α+-thalassemia genotypes associated with a reduced risk of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. No significant associations between the risk of P. falciparum infection or illness were observed for any of the other red blood cell polymorphisms (P > 0.2). This suggests that these polymorphisms are not associated with significant protection against P. falciparum blood-stage infection or uncomplicated malaria in school-aged children.
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The impact of internet use on teaching, learning and research activities in Nigerian universities - Nwezeh, Chinwe M. T. (The Electronic Library, 2010)
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of internet resources and the evaluation of their usefulness on teaching, learning and research in Nigerian universities with particular emphasis on Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile‐Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a descriptive survey using questionnaires for data collection. The respondents constitute students (750) and academic staff (115) from OAU. Descriptive statistics (frequency counts and percentages) were used to analyze the data. Findings The results from the paper reveal that a majority of the surveyed academic staff and the students found the internet to be very useful. Internet resources mostly used by both groups were e‐mail and the world wide web (WWW). Search interfaces were used for looking for research information. It was discovered that the users were not given adequate user education to enable them make use of the internet resources available. Originality/value That the internet is widely used is not a surprise, but the paper points to the fact that more conscious efforts must be made in the introduction of user education and information literacy programmes, as well as in staff training on information and communication technology resources in the library.
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Effects of the Subsidized Students’ Loan on University Enrolment in Ghana - Yusif, Hadrat; Yussof, Ishak (Journal of the University of Science and Technology, 2010)
This paper examines the effect of the subsidized students' loan on university enrolment in Ghana between 1988-2008 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. It was discovered that the subsidized student loan had positive and significant impact on university enrolment. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was also found to have a significant and positive impact on enrolment. No evidence was found that future earnings and foregone earnings influenced enrolment decisions. The findings have very important policy implications for Ghana, for example additional policies aimed at improving the students' loan scheme will have positive impact on both accessibility and efficiency in the university education system.
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Conjunctivitis among children in a teaching hospital in South-West of Nigeria: Role of Staphylococcus aureus as an aetiologic agent and its antibiogram - Adeyeba, Oluwaseyi Adegboyega; Anorue, Michael C; Adefioye, O A; Adesiji, Yemisi Olukemi; Akindele, Akeem Abiodun; Bolaji, Oloyede Samuel; Adewuyi, I. K. (African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2010)
This study was done at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria between January and June, 2006. It was designed to determine the incidence and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in conjunctivitis in the Ophthalmology clinic of the hospital as well as the antibiotic sensitivity profile to chloramphenicol. A total of 210 swabs were gram-stained and cultured bacteriologically. 158 were positive for bacterial pathogens while 26 were bacteriologically sterile. A total of 174 bacterial isolate both in pure and mixed culture were isolated and 72 of the isolates were S. aureus.  The age group < 1 year had the highest occurrence rate of 44.4%, followed by age group 1 - 5 years (30.6%) while the age group 6 - 10 years had the least (11.1%). More males (63.9%) than females (36.1%) were infected (p < 0.05). Susceptibility test result showed that gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, erythromycin were active against s. aureus and are therefore, recommended as first line drugs. Chloramphenicol (61.1%) showed moderate activity against the organism. Key words: Prevalence, incidence, staphylococcus aureus, ophthalmology, chloramphenicol.
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A Study Of Internet Search Engines Usage By Undergraduate Students In Some Universities In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria - Baro, EE; Onyenania, GO; Oni, Osaheni (Information Technologist (The), 2010)
The purpose of this study is to investigate students’ ability to use different Internet search engines (ISEs) in Universities in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. To reveal the types of ISEs used, and identify the source through which students acquire the skills. The study adopted a descriptive survey method. Questionnaire and interview method was adopted to collect data. A total of 300 completed and returned copies were used for analyses using frequency counts and simple percentage to answer the research questions, and Z -test statistical tool to test formulated hypotheses. The study revealed that majority of the students occasionally use Internet search engines to retrieve information resources. The study also revealed tha t student use ISEs for the main purpose of retrieving information to meet their academic information needs. Problems such as lack of institutional computer laboratory with Internet connectivity for training on the use of Internet search engines, and inadequate knowledge of search skills/strategies of ISEs. It was found that there is significant difference between male and female students in the frequency of use of Internet search engines. The study will enable the students know the different Internet search engines to be utilized and different search strategies to use when searching for materials for their academic work.
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Factors influencing choice of paediatrics as a career among medical students at the University of Nairobi, Kenya - Mwachaka, Philip Maseghe; Mbugua, Eric Thuo (South African Journal of Child Health, 2010)
Objective. We aimed to determine factors influencing choice of a career in paediatrics by medical students in Kenya. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 450 medical students from the University of Nairobi, Kenya, was undertaken using a questionnaire designed to assess their preferences with regard to future specialisation, and timing of and factors influencing this choice. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results. The response rate was 385/450 (85.6%). Paediatrics was the second most preferred specialty after surgery, and was chosen by 50 students (13.0%). Female students were five times more likely than males to select paediatrics. Choice of paediatrics as a career was mainly determined by perceived intellectual challenge, presence of a role model, and ease of combining a career with raising a family. Those who had completed a clerkship in the specialty reported that they were encouraged by the teaching and clinical staff ( p =0.006), but found the specialty less prestigious than others ( p =0.030). None of the male students but 12 of the female students (30%) considered gender distribution to be a factor influencing their career choice ( p =0.046). Conclusion. This study indicates that paediatrics is popular among female students and that several factors influence choice of this specialty. Understanding these factors may help medical school administrators and faculty plan future recruitment strategies.
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Volcano-structural investigations in Fogo caldera, Cape Verde Islands. Workshop on Collapse Calderas - Join, Jean‐Lambert; Descloîtres, Marc; Ritz, Michel; Bachèlery, Patrick (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2010)
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Accessibility and Use of Internet Learning Environment by Distance Education Students: A Case Study of the OpenUniversity of Tanzania - Marwa, A (JOURNAL OF ISSUES AND PRACTICE IN EDUCATION, 2010)
Distance education institutions are moving towards adoption and use of Internet learning environment for complementary learning, for which is a reflection of changes in use of teaching/learning technologies. Because of its immediacy of interaction, Internet technology is increasingly being accepted as a good information resource as well as good instructional media. It was for this reason that the Open University of Tanzania (OUT) developed own web site and hoisted the Learning Management Platforms as well as Internet access points for students.This study was aimed at investigating accessibility and use of such Internet learning environments by Distance education students of the Open University of Tanzania. This was a descriptive study, which used purposive sampling procedures to draw a total of 84 respondents: 2 system administrators, 2 OUT Directors and 80 OUT students from the three Dar es Salaam regional centers. The same sample was used to draw 27 Focus Group Discussion participants. The study sought to discuss students' perceptions on their competence level in using Internet facilities, availability of Internet services, training and perceived major barriers in using same services. The study used the following data collection methods: observations, a questionnaire, interview and focus group discussions. Results revealed: lack of computer skills, which was found to be most significant, demographic factors and information processing skills. Among demographic influences, gender was the most leading influences while distance was the fourth most significant influence. However, age and income were found to have no significant influence as expected. The study provides the following recommendations: There should be provision of further training for students in computer use and information processing skills, Information Technology experts should be trained and there have to be Internet rooms appropriate to students' needs. Further studies should asses use of various Internet services for students learning through distance education; ascertain faculty acceptance including use of Internet Integrated teaching; investigate in detail accessibility as well as use of Internet learning environments for different courses. Policy issues should enhance ways on how OUT could collaborate with other universities in East Africa to purchase a greater volume of bandwidth, which will lower marginal costs of that bandwidth. Other measures include introducing computer courses in schools and institute modalities for OUT students to acquire their personal computers.
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Macroeconomic Models and the Challenge of Growth in African Economies: The Context | University of Nigeria, Nsukka Open Education Resources (OER) - Oduh, Moses Onyema; Nwosu, Emmanuel O.; E, Urama Nathaniel (2010)
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Training in Ethiopia (PACEsetterS, 2010)
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Training the Next Generation of Doctors in Uganda (Internal Medicine News, 2010)
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Financing Higher Education in Tunisia - Abdessalem, Tahar (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper focuses on Tunisia, which like other developing countries, has allocated increasing levels of resources to education, particularly higher education, mainly through public funding over the past few decades. In 2005-2008, public expenditure on education amounted to around 7.4 percent of GDP, with 2 percent allocated to higher education. However, in the last few years, the budgetary constraints have increased, and are likely to remain so in the near future. These budgetary constraints exist within a context of rapidly increasing student enrollment, and the need to improve the quality of education to insure better employability of graduates. In light of this situation, public policy is obliged to define orientations and programs, improving quality and efficiency while reducing costs and resource wastage, to enhance access and equity. This paper is organized as follows: it begins with an assessment of public expenditure on higher education in Tunisia, with respect to its adequacy, efficiency and equity. Next, in section 2, we explore the challenges posed to financing by demographic evolution, the quality of education and private provision. Section 3 examines some financing reinforcement strategies, and analyzes feasible measures to raise private funding contributions. Section 4 provides some concluding remarks.
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International Collaboration in Distance Education in Sub-Saharan Africa - Adekanmbi, Gbolagade; Boitshwarelo, Bopelo (International journal of ICT research and development in Africa, 2010)
This chapter examines international collaboration in distance education in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on efforts aimed at utilizing technology. It identifies a number of significant collaborative endeavors. The collaborative efforts observed have a similar goal of pooling together ICT resources and expertise towards improving educational outcomes. The prevalence of teacher education and training across the initiatives, in the context of the Millennium Development Goals, is noted. Institutions outside Africa are actively involved in the funding and provision of expertise. Also, the AVU consortium model seems to be a viable approach to collaboration, with notable results seen. With the challenges facing technology-focused collaboration, such as a lack of enabling policies and the digital divide, the chapter suggests that African countries and institutions should pursue a culture of change and be more flexible. More formal training in distance education, utilizing Africans in the Diaspora and promoting dialogue across international spectrums are also recommended.
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Perceived Causes of Job Stress among Special Educators in Selected Special and Integrated Schools in Nigeria. - Adeniyi, Samuel Olufemi; Fakolade, Olufemi Aremum; Tella, Adeyinka (New Horizons in Education, 2010)
Background: Efficient and effective performance on any job depend largely on good psychological well being of the workers as well as other factors such as conducive environment, good interpersonal relationship, adequate communication among staff and between staff and management, work load, remuneration and other physical and psychological boosting treatments. Aim: To examine the perceived causes of job stress among special educators in selected special and integrated schools in the West and North Central parts of Nigeria. Sample: The sample for the study consisted of fifty (50) special education teachers from 10 special and integrated schools in two geo-political zones of the country. Method: Surveys were conducted. Four research questions were generated and tested using descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The instrument used for data collection was the adapted Job Stress Inventory by Akinboye (1999). Results: The results of the research questions tested revealed moderate and extreme stress pattern among special educators. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was suggested that there should be immediate review of condition of service, provision of adequate instructional facilities, proactive approach to service delivery, and training and retraining of special educators to meet the immediate needs and challenges of the various special needs of children in the Nigerian society.
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Non-market Returns to Women Education in Sudan: Case of Fertility - Ahmed, Hanaa Mahmoud Sid (Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 2010)
This paper uses households’ data from central region of Sudan to examine the factors, which affect fertility. Thus, it examined the effect of parental education, income, mother age, residence area together with the effect of the interaction between fertility and child mortality, on fertility. Child mortality is instrumented on community and environmental health services, which are used as identifiers in the two-stage least squares estimation of the fertility function. The results suggest that mother’s education, child mortality, and mother’s age are important factors in determining the fertility level. Mother’s education, particularly university education, is found to have a significant negative impact on fertility, whereas child mortality and mother’s age have significant positive impact on fertility. The results of the two-stage least squares method are almost identical to those of the ordinary least squares method.
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Incorporating education for sustainable development into strategic planning of higher education institutions in Lagos State of Nigeria - Ahunanya, Stella; Osakwe, Tony; Uche, Chineze (2010)
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is the educational process of achieving human development in an inclusive, equitable and secure manner which includes education for poverty alleviation, human rights, gender equality, cultural diversity, international understanding among other factors according to UNESCO (2004). The focus of Education for Sustainable Development is a world where everyone has the opportunity to benefit from quality education and learn the values, behaviors and lifestyle required for a sustainable future and for positive societal transformation. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) need to maintain interactive relationship with their economic and social environments, in order to link skills development with the search for solutions to the problems, both within communities and in the country in general strategically. The World Bank (1997) recommended that African universities should develop an institutional strategic plan with key elements of definition of mission statements with an elaborate institutional strategy coupled with an initial three-year rolling plan for the implementation of the strategy. So the study investigated the extent to which ESD is incorporated into the strategic plans of Lagos State higher education institutions. The Education Strategic Plan (ESP) of tertiary education institutions in Lagos State was examined in view of the goals of DESD using the checklist Strategic Planning Checklist (SPC). The statistical tool of chi-square was used to analyze the extent of Sustainable Development indices reflected in the ESP. It was found that ESD indices were not significantly subsumed and addressed in the Lagos State Strategic Plan for tertiary education.
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Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in gram negative bacilli from clinical specimens in a teaching hospital in South eastern Nigeria - Akujobi, CN; Ewuru, Chika P (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2010)
Antimicrobial drug resistance seen among many gram-negative bacteria, especially those expressing the extended-spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that hydrolyze the expanded- spectrum cephalosporins has been on the increase. This has compromised treatment options and thus a threat to the containment of bacterial infections. To determine the existence of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes in Nnewi, 250 clinical isolates of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi were identified by conventional methods. These include Klebsiella species (96), E. coli (90), Pseudomonas species (37), Enterobacter species (13), Proteus species (6), Citrobacter species (5) and Salmonella species (3). Antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing was carried out on all the isolates by the disc diffusion method. Extended Spectrum Beta- lactamases were detected by the double disc synergy test. High level of antimicrobial resistance was noted in test organisms against some of the antimicrobial drugs: Ampicillin + Cloxacillin (93.2%), Tetracycline (90.8%), Streptomycin (82.4%), and Nalidixic acid (62%), and low level of resistance was observed against Ofloxacin (26.4%), Cefotaxime (28.8%) and Nitrofurantoin (28.8%). One hundred and forty four isolates (57.6%) were suspected ESBL-producers judged by their resistance to any of the third generation cephalosporins used but 40 (16%) actually produced the extended spectrum beta- lactamase enzymes. This shows the existence of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase producing gram negative organisms in Nnewi. Considering the treatment difficulties, as well as the high cost of treatment associated with these organisms, concerted efforts are needed to contain their spread.
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Situation analysis of students' welfare services in universities in South-Western Nigeria: Implications for students' personnel management practice - Alani, Ramoni Ayobami; Okunola, Phillips Olaide; Subair, Sikiru Omotayo (2010)
Motivating learners in university depends largely on those services, processes and procedures whose primary purpose is to enhance and maintain learners' physical, social, intellectual and emotional well-being. This study examined the situation of welfare services in the context of university education vis-a-vis students' perceived motivation to learning. The study involved public universities in South-Western Nigeria with different characteristics, such as curriculum focus, year of establishment, ownership and residential statuses. Using a descriptive survey research design, the target population for the study was the final-year undergraduate students drawn from three faculties and a college using multi-stage, stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The SWESAQ (students' welfare service assessment questionnaire) instrument was administered on 800 students that constituted the sample frame. The major findings among others were that provision of welfare services in all universities was inadequate and seemed to be responsible for learners' low level of satisfaction and poor motivation to learning. Consequently, the implications of these findings for students' personnel management practice were discussed and necessary suggestions were given.
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Awareness of danger signs and nutritional education among pregnant women in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. - Ali, AbdelAziem A.; Rayis, Duria A.; Abaker, Ameer O.; Adam, Ishag (2010)
Objective: To determine awareness of pregnancy danger signs and nutritional education among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in six health centres in Kassala eastern Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 388 pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics in six health centres in Kassala eastern Sudan during July 2010. Structured questionnaires were used to gather the socio-demographic data first booking number of visits schedule/ timing of every visit provided care (history examination investigation health and nutrition education counseling about screening of sexually transmitted diseases [STIs] plan of delivery and family planning). Results: 83.8% out of the 388 interviewed women had at least one visit and only 16.2% had = four antenatal visits most of the women claimed that they spent 5 minutes or less with the antenatal care provider. 10.6% recalled that they were educated about: diet and nutrition 28.4% on pregnancy symptoms 45.4% on schedule/ timing of the subsequent visit 63.4% on plan of delivery and 4.1% on family planning. However no woman had been counselled about screening of STIs HIV and breast self-examination. Most of the women (342 88.1%) were not aware of the danger signs of pregnancy. Conclusions: A small proportion of women attending the antenatal care in Kassala eastern Sudan are aware of the danger signs of pregnancy and they did not benefit from the services related to nutrition and diet education as well as family planning and counselling on STIs; in particular HIV. Keywords: Education nutrition Antenatal care Pregnancy Sudan.
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Trends in maternal mortality at University of Maiduguri teaching hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria - A five year review - Audu, BM; Takai, UI; Bukar, Mohammed (Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2010)
Background:Maternal mortality is on the rise in Nigeria with the North- East having the highest ratio, and Borno state records one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the country. Objective:To determine the trends in maternal mortality in UMTH, identify the background socio- cultural factors, establish the major causes of deaths and determine avoidable factors. Study design:Retrospective study of maternal deaths. Methods: The case records of all recorded cases of maternal deaths between January 2001 and December 2005 inclusive were retrieved and relevant data obtained and analysed. Results: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for the period under review was 430 per 100,000 live births. There were annual fluctuations in MMR. However, there was a consistently rising trend in MMR from 2002-2004 with the highest ratio of 545 per 100,000 live births recorded in the year 2004, with a decline in 2005. Thirty (78.9%) of these deaths occurred among the unbooked patients and more than 90% of this were referred as obstetric emergencies. Age range was 14-39 years with a mean of 26.5years. The highest maternal death occurred at the two extremes of reproductive age group (14-19 years and 35 years and above). Grandmultiparas suffered the highest maternal mortality of 36.8%, followed by teenage mothers. P1-4 contributed the least to maternal mortality. The direct causes of maternal death accounted for 92.1% of the deaths. The major causes of death were eclampsia 34.2%, sepsis 26.3% and prolonged obstructed labour/ruptured uterus 13.2%. Amongst the indirect causes of maternal death, HIV/Tuberculosis was the leading cause accounting for 5.3%. Basic but professional antenatal care, skilled attendance at birth, community mobilization and health education messages for a healthy pregnancy and safe birth will help to reduce the unacceptably high maternal mortality ratio in Borno state and the country at large.
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Lithogeochemistry as a tracer of the tectonic setting, lateral integrity and mineralization of a highly metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic volcanic arc sequence on the eastern margin of the Namaqua Province, South Africa - Bailie, Russell; Gutzmer, Jens; Rajesh, H.M. (Lithos, 2010)
The Areachap Group represents the medium- to high-grade metamorphic and deformed remnants of a Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.24–1.30 Ga) volcanic arc that was accreted onto the western margin of the Kaapvaal Craton during the early stages of the Namaqua-Natal Orogeny. Few regional geochemical studies of the succession have been undertaken and despite recent geochronological work from throughout the outcrop belt there is still uncertainty as to the lateral integrity and correlation of the succession from one area to another. This uncertainty has been aided by minimal outcrop and extensive deformation and dislocation of one area from another. This study uses trace element geochemistry combined with Sm–Nd-isotopic data from the northern and southern ends of the succession to test its lateral integrity. Minor differences, including the abundance of certain lithologies, varying influences of a crustal component and differences in age between different areas are apparent, but the succession, as a whole, displays lateral integrity as a continental island arc. All lithologies are characterised by enrichment in Th, U, Pb and the large ion lithophile elements relative to primitive mantle, along with Nb–Ta depletion relative to La, and strong light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment relative to heavy REE depletion, which, along with positive εNd(t) values of mafic gneisses from both ends of the succession, indicates mantle-derivation within a subduction-related environment with a substantial amount of crustal assimilation. Despite some minor geochemical and isotopic differences in the lithological architecture on a local scale the Areachap Group exhibits coherent geochemical characteristics along its entire strike length. Localised remobilization of elements, particularly in areas characterised by granulite grade metamorphism, as well as in the altered footwall zones of volcanogenic massive sulphide lenses, is present. These alteration trends, along with primary geochemical signatures are remarkably well preserved despite the high grade of metamorphism, as illustrated in clearly defined hydrothermal alteration trends on the alteration box plot, and serves as an efficient tool to delineate areas that have undergone hydrothermal alteration spatially associated with massive sulphide ore bodies. The systematic association of hydrothermal alteration and sulphide ore bodies provides support for the isochemical character of rock compositions during high-grade metamorphism and the lack of extensive post-metamorphic alteration processes.
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Prevalence and determinants of anemia among primary school pupils of a peri-urban community in Osun State, Nigeria - Bamidele, James Olusegun; Abodunrin, Olugbemiga Lanre; Olajide, Folake; Oke, Yetunde (International journal of adolescent medicine and health, 2010)
This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of anemia and the determinants among primary school pupils in a peri-urban community.The study is a descriptive cross sectional study of 141 pupils selected by a stratified sampling technique. Interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic variables, nutritional habits among others. General physical examination, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and anthropometric measurements for determining Body-Mass Indices (BMI) were then determined.Of 139 pupils, only 3 (2.1%) had normal values (BMI of 18.6-25 kg/m2) while 133 (95.7%) were underweight (BMI of 13-18.5 kg/m2) and others wasted (BMI < 13 kg/m2). None were overweight or obese. Only 38 (27.3%) of the respondents had a normal PCV; 94 (67.6%) had mild anemia, and 7 (5.0%) had moderate anemia. None had severe anemia. The mean PCV among the males was 31.06% +/- 3.46 and among the female: 31.25% +/- 4.26.Among respondents less than 6 years old, 23 (85.2%) were anemic, 82.7% among those 6-10 years, and 43.2% among 11-15 years old. The difference was statistically significant (p = .0000). A higher proportion of males, 52 (76.5%) than females 49 (69.0%) were anemic (not statistically significant, p > 0.05).This study shows that pupils in Osun State, Nigeria have a high prevalence of anemia and that younger pupils have a higher prevalence and physical consequences of anemia than older pupils. Most of the children were found to be malnourished. Further research is recommended on other possible causes of anemia, such as the prevalence of intestinal worms and hemoglobinopathy.
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Effects of Crop Commercial Orientation on Productivity of Smallholder Farmers in Drought-prone Areas of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. - Bekele, Adam; Kassa, Belay; Legesse, Belaineh; Lemma, Tesfaye (Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010)
This paper examines the tradeoff between commercial orientation and crop productivity among smallholder farm households living in drought risk-prone areas of the central rift valley of Ethiopia. The study was built on the hypothesis that there is a one-way causation between commercial orientation and productivity. The relationship between commercial orientation and crop productivity is assessed in a censored simultaneous equation model framework. Results indicate that there is a unidirectional relationship with total factor productivity being influenced by the endogenous commercial orientation factor. The influence of commercial orientation is expounded with the addition of farm and non-farm characteristics. Thus, in priority order, number of non-oxen livestock, commercial orientation, agricultural credit and sex have been important factors positively influencing productivity whereas labor availability for farming, distance and off-farm wage labor employment have been working against increased productivity of the smallholder farm households. However, it was observed that with a shift from commercial orientation criteria to unrestricted level of market participation in crop sales, the type, magnitude and direction of determinant factors have increased emphasizing the seriousness of performance influencing factors along with market participation to the majority of the smallholder farmers. The findings suggest that programs targeted at improving market access have the potential to increase agricultural productivity.
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Indiscipline behaviour among students of Mampong Technical College in Ashanti region of Ghana - Boamah, Yvonne Frema (2010)
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Indicators of students' performance in mathematics in national examinations among selected secondary schools in Juba Central Equatorial state south Sudan - Bortel, Humwara Felicita (2010)
Thesis submitted to the school of Postgraduate Studies and Research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Educational Management and Administration
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Revisiting lifelong learning for quality improvement in ODL institutions in Africa - Braimoh, Dele (Africa education review, 2010)
Abstract Among the challenges in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) generally and specifically within the African sub-region, is the difficulty to harness resources to regularly mobilize senior and mature academics as complacent learners to embrace continuous professional development, as a way of improving the quality of their academic performance. In order to change their conservative academic practises in many of the transformed African Tertiary Institutions (ATIs), this paper argues, that irrespective of the status and the long years of service of such academic staff members, it becomes pertinent for them to consciously engage in lifelong learning process. This is important because majority of such lecturers of ODL Institutions came from the contact (F2F) institutions with little or no experience of ODL best practices.
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Neoproterozoic SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages of silica-rich Dokhan Volcanics in the North Eastern Desert, Egypt - Breitkreuz, Christoph; Eliwa, Hassan; Khalaf, Ibrahim; Gameel, Khaled El; Bühler, Benjamin; Сергеев, С. А.; Ларионов, А. Н.; Murata, Mamoru (Precambrian Research, 2010)
Chronology of Neoproterozoic volcanosedimentary successions remains controversial for many regions of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, including the Dokhan Volcanics of NE Egypt. New U–Pb zircon SHRIMP ages have been obtained for 10 silica-rich ignimbrites and two subvolcanic dacitic bodies, mapped as Dokhan Volcanics, from the North Eastern Desert of Egypt. Crystallization ages range between 592 ± 5 and 630 ± 6 Ma (Early Ediacaran). Apparently, the late consolidation of the Arabian–Nubian Shield was accompanied by the evolution of isolated volcanic centres and basin systems which developed during a period of approx. 40 Ma, independently in space and time and probably under changing tectonic regimes. The obtained age data together with other previously published reliable ages for Dokhan Volcanics suggest two main pulses of volcanic activity: 630–623 Ma and 618–592 Ma. Five samples contain inherited zircons, with ages of 669, 715–746, 847 and 1530 Ma, supporting models that North Eastern Desert crust is mainly juvenile Neoproterozoic crust.
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Policy misfits, climate change and cross-scale vulnerability in coastal Africa: how development projects undermine resilience - Bunce, Matthew; Brown, Katrina; Rosendo, Sérgio (Environmental Science & Policy, 2010)
Coastal social ecological systems in eastern Africa are subject to a range of environmental, social and economic changes. They are already vulnerable to these multiple stressors, and the impacts of climate change are likely to further exacerbate their vulnerabilities. Some of these impacts may be observed and experienced already. The analysis presented in this paper is based on mixed methods empirical research exploring local perceptions of recent changes at four sites in coastal Tanzania and Mozambique. People recognise and rank a number of climate and non-climate stressors which have contributed towards more risky and less diverse livelihoods. Importantly, regional and international policy initiatives – in the form of river basin management in Mozambique and South Africa, and development of a Marine Protected Area in Tanzania – are perceived to further erode resilience and exacerbate vulnerabilities. We suggest this is a form of policy misfit, where policies developed to address a specific issue do not take account of cross-scale dynamics of change, the interactions between multiple stressors, nor longer term climate change. This policy misfit may be remedied by a move towards adaptive forms of governance, and necessitates an explicit focus on building the adaptive capacity of the poor and most vulnerable in society.
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Postcolonial ideologies of language in education: Voices from below on English and local language(s) in The Gambia - Camp, Kirsten Van; Juffermans, Kasper (2010)
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Rural Travel and Disability in Leroro and Moremela Villages, South Africa - Chakwizira, James; Nhemachena, Charles; Dube, Sipho; Maponya, Goodhope (TRANSED 2010: 12th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled PersonsHong Kong Society for RehabilitationS K Yee Medical FoundationTransportation Research Board, 2010)
12th International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Elderly and Disabled People. Hong Kong, China, 2-4 June 2010
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Factors Related to Retention of Postgraduate Trainees in Obstetrics–Gynecology at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana - Clinton, Yvette; Anderson, Frank W.; Kwawukume, E.Y. (Academic Medicine, 2010)
The retention of health care workers in developing countries is a key component to reducing the current health care workforce crisis. The availability of postgraduate medical training in developing countries could be an appropriate adjunctive solution. The authors investigated factors that led obstetrics-gynecology (ob/gyn) residents at a university-based academic training program at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (Accra, Ghana) to stay in Ghana for training and explored why the residents expect to stay in (or leave) Ghana after training.In July 2006, the authors surveyed 20 residents and conducted semistructured interviews with a subset of 9 residents.Nineteen respondents (95%) reported they would have left Ghana if postgraduate training had not been available, 16 (80%) reported that becoming an ob/gyn specialist was important to them, 15 (75%) indicated that the program trained them to practice in Ghana, and 17 (85%) were certain they would stay in Ghana after completing the program. Both quantitative and qualitative data supported the idea that three factors contribute to the retention of ob/gyn physicians in Ghana: (1) the presence of a postgraduate training program in Ghana, (2) residents' commitment to serve the people of Ghana, and (3) residents' feelings that physicians can "make it" economically in Ghana.Postgraduate training is an important contributor to the retention of physicians in country. Partnerships between academic health centers in developed and developing countries provide opportunities to address the global health care crisis in a significant and sustainable way.
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South African Career Guidance Counsellors' and Mathematics Teachers' Perception of the Accounting Profession - Coetzee, Stephen A.; Oberholzer, Ruanda (Accounting Education, 2010)
The shortage of accounting professionals is well-documented. To address this shortage, greater numbers of school students should be attracted and enrolled in undergraduate accounting programmes. Unfortunately, school students may have misperceptions of the accounting profession. These misperceptions may result in potential entrants to the profession being lost to other professions. Secondary school teachers play an influential role in students' perceptions of future careers. This survey assessed the perceptions of the secondary school career guidance counsellors and mathematics teachers' perceptions of the accounting profession in South Africa in comparison to the medical, engineering and legal professions. The findings suggest that the accounting profession is held in lower esteem than the engineering and medical professions, but in higher esteem than the legal profession. The findings confirm previous research conducted in the USA, Australasia and Japan. Marketing and recruitment programmes should educate secondary school teachers as to the true nature of the accounting profession.
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South African Career Guidance Counsellors' and Mathematics Teachers' Perception of the Accounting Profession - Coetzee, Stephen A.; Oberholzer, Ruanda (Accounting Education, 2010)
The shortage of accounting professionals is well-documented. To address this shortage, greater numbers of school students should be attracted and enrolled in undergraduate accounting programmes. Unfortunately, school students may have misperceptions of the accounting profession. These misperceptions may result in potential entrants to the profession being lost to other professions. Secondary school teachers play an influential role in students' perceptions of future careers. This survey assessed the perceptions of the secondary school career guidance counsellors and mathematics teachers' perceptions of the accounting profession in South Africa in comparison to the medical, engineering and legal professions. The findings suggest that the accounting profession is held in lower esteem than the engineering and medical professions, but in higher esteem than the legal profession. The findings confirm previous research conducted in the USA, Australasia and Japan. Marketing and recruitment programmes should educate secondary school teachers as to the true nature of the accounting profession.
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A Comparative Study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthes in Dewormed and Non-Dewormed Students in a Rural Area of North-Central Nigeria - Damen, James G.; Lar, Patricia; Mershak, Paul; Mbaawuga, Emmanuel M.; Nyary, Bryan W. (Laboratory medicine, 2010)
Parasitic helminthes are endemic in Nigeria, owing to poor environmental sanitation, pollution, and contamination of water and air. Children in Nigeria are highly exposed and very vulnerable to these infections, and these infections have adverse effects on their physical and mental development. School children, then, are good targets for mass-treatment programs against intestinal worms; treating children has been shown to reduce transmission to untreated members in communities. This study determines the effectiveness of deworming school children with a view to improving the planning and implementation of control programs in the study area and reveals that regular use of broad-spectrum anti-helminth medication is advocated for effective deworming programs.
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The Transformative Effects of International Education at an HIV/AIDS Clinic in South Africa - Dass-Brailsford, Priscilla; Serrano, Adriana (Journal of Transformative Education, 2010)
In recent years, more psychology programs are offering study abroad courses. These courses have the additional benefit of increasing student cultural competence. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of international education on a group of graduate students in psychology who participated in a 5-week travel abroad program to South Africa. Using a small convenience sample, a qualitative research design was used to explore student perceptions of engaging in clinical work in a cross-cultural setting. The study is framed within multicultural education and transformative learning theory, both of which inform the findings. Several themes that were categorized as personal, professional, community, social/cultural, and political emerged from in-depth individual interviews with participants. They reported a deeper cultural understanding of self and others with a stronger appreciation and respect of the uniqueness of individuals and their worldviews and the importance of validating these cultural differences. Participants reported that direct contact with others who were culturally different helped them develop key clinical skills of compassion and empathy. Overall most participants found that the international experience was ‘life-changing’ and provided them with opportunities to transcend the limits of regular classroom instruction. Some students were inspired to make meaningful changes in their lives when they returned to the U.S. by increasing their involvement in community activities that provided services to the disenfranchised. Although not generalizable because of the small sample, this study demonstrates that international education can engages students in active learning and provide them with opportunities for practical application of knowledge.
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The Role of Postsecondary Remediation for African American Students: A Review of Research. - Davis, Ryan J.; Palmer, Robert T. (Journal of Negro Education, 2010)
The role of remediation in higher education has generated much debate over the last two decades. While states have enacted policies that reduced or eliminated postsecondary remediation, many policy actors and analysts have not completely acknowledged the ways in which remediation affects college access and success for African American students. This review of research first explains why African American students are disproportionately underprepared for college-level work. Then, the authors summarize the debates concerning the role of remediation in higher education, synthesize the research on the effectiveness of postsecondary remediation, and discuss major and recent policy enactments. They draw implications for the ways in which postsecondary remediation affects Africans American students and offer recommendations for future research and policy. Keywords: higher education, remediation, African American students, academic success Since the late 1990s, the role of postsecondary remediation has become a great concern to state policymakers, education policy analysts, institational researchers, college faculty, and administrators (Bettinger & Long, 2007; Mazzeo, 2002; Soliday, 2002). While some research on the effectiveness of postsecondary remediation has produced mixed findings (Calcagno & Long, 2008), most studies suggest that remedial programs increase the likelihood of successful collegelevel course completion and persistence to degree attainment (Attewell, Lavin, Domina, & Levey, 2006; Bahr, 2007, 2008a; Bettinger & Long, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009; Boylan, Bonham, & Tatari, 2005; Kreysa, 2007). Despite the evidence tJiat illustrates remedial programs have a positive impact on college access and student success, policymakers and analysts remain concerned about the duplication of costs and tax dollars spent on remedial needs (Terry, 2007), negative public perceptions (Presley, 2008), delayed time to degree completion (Melguizo, Hagedorn, & Cypers, 2008), and potential decrease in university rankings (Richardson, 2005). State policymakers and college leaders have been particularly concerned about the extent to which colleges and universities can maintain academic quality and achieve institutional equity (Perm, 2006). More specifically, given that underrepresented students rely disproportionately on postsecondary remediation as a means to gain access to four-year colleges and universities, state and institutional officials remain perplexed about ways to increase academic rigor while providing opportunities for underrepresented students to access these institutions. Therefore, the policy debate concerning postsecondary remediation amounts to whether states and state higher education systems should maintain, revise, reduce, or eliminate remediation from public college and university settings. Given that 22 states or state higher education systems have already reduced or eliminated remediation from four-year colleges (Parker, 2007), this dispute has been a contentious policy issue in recent years. African American students are most likely to rely on postsecondary remediation as a means for gaining access to higher education (Attewell et al., 2006). In fact, African American students are nearly twice as likely as White students to be found in remedial programs (Attewell et al., 2006). Therefore, if quality and equity are equally important policy matters, state and institutional leaders not only need to consider ways to maintain a strong curriculum and respectable standards, but also understand how postsecondary remediation affects access to and success in four-year institutions for African American students. However, little attention has been devoted to this matter. To that end, this article reviews research on postsecondary remediation to understand its impact on college access and success for African American students. To contextualize why African American students are disproportionately underprepared for college-level work, there is first review literature on the academic experiences and outcomes of African American students in elementary and secondary schools. …
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Somali prenatal education video use in a United States obstetric clinic: A formative evaluation of acceptability - DeStephano, Christopher C.; Flynn, Patricia M.; Brost, Brian C. (Patient Education and Counseling, 2010)
Because of low health literacy and low priority in seeking prenatal information, health education videos were explored for acceptability by Somali refugee women in a clinical setting.Focus groups led to the development of six targeted Somali prenatal education videos. Topics include: preparation for pregnancy, nutrition and exercise, pregnancy myths/facts, the father's role, episiotomies, and caesarean sections. Somali participants were recruited to view programs, and completed an 8-item survey prior to regularly scheduled prenatal appointments. Following the clinical visit, providers completed a 4-item survey indicating the video's helpfulness in facilitating client-provider communication.All study participants "strongly recommended" and rated the videos as "appropriate for Somali clients", 57% indicated the information was "just the right amount," and 60% found the videos "extremely helpful." The primary language spoken at home was Somali (72.7%) and 54.5% indicated Somali as the preferred language to receive health information. Providers indicated 24% of appointments were "more interactive" with 72% finding videos "somewhat" or "extremely helpful."Preliminary results from this pilot study suggest that a video format for prenatal education is acceptable to Somali clients with most clients preferring video health education materials presented in the Somali language.Culturally tailored health education video series for Somali women appear well for use in a clinic setting to facilitate client-provider communication.
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Five-year survey of medical student attrition in a medical school in Nigeria: a pilot study - Egwu, Ogugua Augustine; Anyanwu, Godson Emeka (Advances in medical education and practice, 2010)
Student attrition represents a waste of career opportunity and, at times, results in a holistic loss of sense of self-worth for the students involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature, causes, and impact of medical student attrition in Nigeria.A pilot analysis was undertaken using the records of students who failed at medical school as a result of inability to pass the second MBBS examination at Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2007. Some of these students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Data analysis showed that 58 (7.8%) of the students admitted into preclinical class withdrew from their study. Thirty-six (62.1%) were males and the rest were females. Thirteen of those withdrawn were interviewed, and 53.8% of them believed they had poor academic ability, while 15.4% attributed their withdrawal to family pressure. No record of guidance or counseling session programs was noted for these students either at the point of withdrawal from the faculty and on the choice of a new career path.As a result of the high attrition rate due to low academic ability, efforts should be made to check students for evidence of this at the point of admission to medicine training. Also, more accommodating teaching programs should be encouraged in faculties to accommodate students with such challenges. Good guidance and counseling programs should be encouraged to handle these inevitable cases of attrition when they occur, to avoid the demoralizing low self-esteem that plagues these individuals for the rest of their lives.
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Auxiliary BE Production by African American English–Speaking Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment - Garrity, April W.; Oetting, Janna B. (Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2010)
To examine 3 forms (am, is, are) of auxiliary BE production by African American English (AAE)-speaking children with and without specific language impairment (SLI).Thirty AAE speakers participated: 10 six-year-olds with SLI, 10 age-matched controls, and 10 language-matched controls. BE production was examined through samples and a probe.Across tasks, visual inspection suggested that the children with SLI overtly marked BE at lower rates than the controls, and all groups marked am at higher rates than is and are, with few dialect-inappropriate errors. Within the samples, the children also overtly marked is at higher rates when preceded by it/that/what than when it was preceded by a personal pronoun. A subset of these results was confirmed statistically. The children's marking of BE also varied across tasks; for the age-matched controls, this variation was tied to their AAE dialect densities.These findings show across-dialect similarities and differences between children's acquisition of AAE and mainstream American English. Similarities involve the rate of the children's BE marking as a function of their clinical status and the nature of their dialect-inappropriate errors. Differences involve the children's rates of BE marking as a function of the form, context, and task.
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Referential learning of French and Czech labels in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus): Different methods yield contrasting results - Giret, Nicolas; Péron, Franck; Lindová, Jitka; Tichotová, Lenka; Nagle, Laurent; Kreutzer, Michel; Tymr, František; Bovet, Dalila (Behavioural Processes, 2010)
Some African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), the most famous being Pepperberg's parrot Alex, are able to imitate human speech and produce labels referentially. In this study, the aim was to teach ten African grey parrots from two laboratories to label items. Training three parrots from the first laboratory for several months with the Model/Rival method, developed by Pepperberg, in which two humans interact in front of the subject to demonstrate the use of a label, led to disappointing results. Similarly, seven parrots from the second laboratory, having been trained with several variants of Model/Rival attained little success. After the informal observation of the efficiency of other methods (i.e. learning to imitate labels either spontaneously or with specific learning methods and use of these labels referentially), four different teaching methods were tested with two birds: the Model/Rival; Repetition/Association which consisted of repeating a label and presenting the item only when the parrot produced the label; Intuitive in which the experimenter handled an item and repeated its name in front of the subject; Diffusion in which labels with either variable or flat intonation were played back daily to parrots. One bird learned three labels, one of which was used referentially, with the Repetition/Association method. He learned one label non-referentially with the Model/Rival but no labels were acquired using the other methods. The second bird did not learn any labels. This study demonstrates that different methods can be efficient to teach labels referentially and it suggests that rearing conditions and interindividual variability are important features when assessing learning ability of African grey parrots.
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Technical Vocational Education and Training for Micro-Enterprise Development in Ethiopia - Gondo, Tendayi; Dafuleya, Gift (Industry and Higher Education, 2010)
Technical vocational education and training (TVET) programmes have recently received increased attention as an area of priority for stimulating growth in developed and developing countries. This paper considers the situation in Ethiopia where the promotion of micro and small-sized enterprises (MSEs) has been central to the development and expansion of TVET centres throughout the country. The extent to which efforts relating to TVET made by Ethiopian policy makers, higher education institutions and MSEs have enhanced the development of the micro-enterprise sector is considered, using empirical evidence gathered from nine Ethiopian cities. It is argued that the existing relationship between TVET and micro-enterprise cannot be regarded only as one of constrained capacity, usage and transformation. The authors argue further that the development of micro and small-sized enterprises requires approaches extending beyond the simple expansion and development of TVET institutions.
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A South African study comparing the effectiveness of computer‐based learning materials and face‐to‐face teaching - Halabi, Abdel K.; Essop, Ahmed; Joosub, Tasneem; Padia, Nirupa; Vawda, M.; Yasseen, Yaeesh (Meditari : Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 2010)
This paper compares the effectiveness of in‐house developed computer‐based learning (CBL) materials with face‐to‐face teaching. Two groups of higher education students were randomly assigned to complete tutorial work in one highly structured topic of introductory accounting using either CBL materials (treatment group) or face‐to‐face teaching (control group). The effectiveness of both approaches was measured according to the students’ performance in a class test, in relation to their prior accounting knowledge and gender. The results showed that the students with no prior accounting knowledge who completed the CBL materials achieved a significantly higher test mark than the face‐to‐face teaching group. However, there was no significant difference in the marks of the students with prior accounting knowledge, and there was no difference on the basis of gender. The results of this South African study correspond to results in existing literature in other countries, and contribute to the overall knowledge of the effectiveness of CBL materials with respect to prior accounting knowledge and gender.
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A South African study comparing the effectiveness of computer‐based learning materials and face‐to‐face teaching - Halabi, Abdel K.; Essop, Ahmed; Joosub, Tasneem; Padia, Nirupa; Vawda, M.; Yasseen, Yaeesh (Meditari : Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 2010)
This paper compares the effectiveness of in‐house developed computer‐based learning (CBL) materials with face‐to‐face teaching. Two groups of higher education students were randomly assigned to complete tutorial work in one highly structured topic of introductory accounting using either CBL materials (treatment group) or face‐to‐face teaching (control group). The effectiveness of both approaches was measured according to the students’ performance in a class test, in relation to their prior accounting knowledge and gender. The results showed that the students with no prior accounting knowledge who completed the CBL materials achieved a significantly higher test mark than the face‐to‐face teaching group. However, there was no significant difference in the marks of the students with prior accounting knowledge, and there was no difference on the basis of gender. The results of this South African study correspond to results in existing literature in other countries, and contribute to the overall knowledge of the effectiveness of CBL materials with respect to prior accounting knowledge and gender.
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School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial of an HIV/STD Risk-Reduction Intervention for South African Adolescents - Jemmott, John B.; Jemmott, Loretta Sweet; O’Leary, Ann; Ngwane, Zolani; Icard, Larry D.; Bellamy, Scarlett L.; Jones, Shasta Fichon; Landis, J. Richard; Heeren, G. Anita; Tyler, Joanne C.; Makiwane, M. (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2010)
Objective: To test the efficacy of a school-based human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease (HIV/STD) risk-reduction intervention for South African adolescents.Design: A cluster-randomized, controlled design with assessments of self-reported sexual behavior collected before intervention and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention.Setting: Primary schools in a large, black township and a neighboring rural settlement in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.Participants: Nine of 17 matched pairs of schools were randomly selected.Sixth-grade students with parent or guardian consent were eligible.Interventions: Two 6-session interventions based on behavior-change theories and qualitative research.The HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention targeted sexual risk behaviors; the attention-matched health promotion control intervention targeted health issues unrelated to sexual behavior.Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was self report of unprotected vaginal intercourse in the previous 3 months averaged over the 3 follow-ups.Secondary outcomes were other sexual behaviors.Results: A total of 1057 (94.5%) of 1118 eligible students (mean age,12.4years) participated, with 96.7% retained at the 12-month follow-up.Generalized estimating equation analyses adjusted for clustering from 18 schools revealed that, averaged over the 3 follow-ups, a significantly smaller percentage of HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention participants reported having unprotected vaginal intercourse (odds ratio [OR] ,0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.85),vaginal intercourse (OR,0.62;95% CI, 0.42-0.94),and multiple sexual partners (OR,0.50;95% CI, 0.28-0.89),when adjusted for baseline prevalences, compared with health-promotion control participants. Conclusion:This is the first large-scale, community-level, randomized intervention trial to show significant effects on the HIV/STD sexual risk behavior of South African adolescents in the earliest stages of entry into sexual activity.
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Democratizing education for the enhancement of education for sustainable development: a challenge in Botswana - Jotia, Agreement Lathi (2010)
This paper registers that there is a strong relationship between the prevailing global discourse on Education for Sustainable Development and Democracy in Education. As such, in order for any nation to be seen to be having a relevant and quality education, its education system should be seen to be addressing the principles of democracy in a more direct and robust way. The role of education in advancing the global dream of sustainable development-which of late is also being marshalled by Environmental Education, cannot be overemphasized. However, the paper contends that unless we begin to democratize education to give learners a voice and a sense of being partners and key stakeholders in the process of educating and or advancing the state’s socio-economic and political aspirations, the objectives of having sustainable development will remain an absolute nightmare.
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PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP AS A CORRELATE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIAN ADOLESCENTS | University of Nigeria, Nsukka Open Education Resources (OER) - Joy., Anyanwu (2010)
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Health–Related Practices among Some Egyptian School Children during The H1N1 Pandemic - Kamel, Laila; Shafie, Arwa El; Abdelhai, Rehab; Abdelazim, Soha (Journal of High Institute of Public Health, 2010)
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Egyptian Art Institutions and Art Education from 1908 to 1951 - KANE, PATRICK (The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 2010)
Abstract The State, envisioning a social function reserved for the fine arts, is engaged in driving the artistic destinies of the country. These politics were imposed as the example of a religion of the state.... But the slow instruction of the masses that has endured since 1908 deviated from the interest of our artists that was formed in the course of these twenty-three years. —Muhammad Nagi, “Une Politique des Beaux-Arts en Egypte,” (circa 1931) The cooperative movement began in Egypt in 1908, but up to now it has not taken the necessary steps. Among the reasons are the sluggish ignorance of the masses, and its neglect by the elite and its weakness of character. The chief cause is that the cooperative movement is mostly official, for which civil servants work, and the civil servants do not act responsibly as they should. —Muhammad ‘Abd Al-Bari, “On the Just Treatment of the Peasant,” Al-Thaqafa (January 1940) Rather, it is in the totality where the goals of different classes are divided and collide within society. These contradictions were opened up in the origins of the social crises by the explosive upheavals. Members from literature and poetry and philosophy struggled over the origins of this opposition and their works were distinguished with a mark of concern when it showed the different parties between the construction of a single class. —Ramsis Yunan, “The Dream and the Reality” (March 1940)
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Stratigraphy, facies architecture, and palaeoenvironment of Neoproterozoic volcanics and volcaniclastic deposits in Fatira area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt - Khalaf, Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
Fatira area in the Central Eastern Desert, Egypt, is a composite terrane consisting of Neoproterozoic volcanics and sediments laid down in submarine to subaerial environment, intruded by voluminous old to young granitic rocks. The various lithofacies of the study area can be grouped in three distinct lithostratigraphic sequences, which are described here in stratigraphic order, from base to top as the Fatira El Beida, Fatira El Zarqa and Gabal Fatira sequences. Each depositional sequence, is intimately related to volcanic activity separated by time intervals of volcanic inactivity, such as marked hiatuses, reworked volcaniclasts, and or turbidite sedimentation. Four submarine facies groups have been recognized within the oldest, folded eruption sequence of Fatira El Beida. The southern part of the study area is occupied by sheet lava (SL), pillow lavas (PL), pillow breccias (PB), and overlying Bouma turbiditic volcaniclastites (VC). The four facies groups of Fatira El Beida sequence occur in a predictable upward-deepening succession, essentially from base to top, an SL–PL–PB–VC stacking pattern. The coeval tholeiitic mafic and felsic volcaniclastic rocks of this sequence indicate an extensional back-arc tectonic setting. The El Beida depositional sequence appears to fit a submarine-fan and slope-apron environment in an intra-arc site. The Fatira El Zarqa sequence involves a large volume of subaerial calc-alkaline intermediate to felsic volcanics and an unconformably overlying siliciclastic succession comprising clast-supported conglomerates (Gm), massive sandstone sheet floods (Sm) and mudstones (FI), together with a lateritic argillite paleosol (P) top formed in an alluvial-fan system. The youngest rock of Gabal Fatira sequence comprises anorogenic trachydacites and rhyolites with locally emergent domes associated with autobrecciation and sill-dyke rock swarms that could be interpreted as feeders and subvolcanic intrusions. Unconformity and lithofacies assemblages define seven events and three unconformity-bounded tectonic stages that record uplift-subsidence cycles in the study area. A proximal–distal relationship has been established within the depositional products, based on the relative dominance of erosional and depositional features.
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Strategic change management practices within Teachers Service Commission-Kenya - Kimaita, Mary Kirimi (2010)
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China's cooperation with Africa, and especially South Africa, in education and training: a special relationship and a different approach to aid? (Special issue: Education aid effectiveness: the need to rethink the allocation of education aid to enhance its impact) - King, Kenneth (国際教育協力論集, 2010)
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Parenting in moderation: Family routine moderates the relation between school disengagement and delinquent behaviors among African American adolescents. - Lanza, H. Isabella; Taylor, Ronald D. (Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2010)
To address gaps in the literature regarding the role of family routine on school disengagement and delinquent behaviors, we tested whether family routine moderated relations between school disengagement and delinquent behaviors in an urban, low socioeconomic status (SES), African American sample of adolescents (N = 204, 48% male). Adolescents reported on school disengagement and delinquent behaviors. Family routine was assessed with mother report. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the independent and interactive effects of school disengagement and family routine on delinquent behaviors. After controlling for adolescent and mother age, marital status, and employment, school disengagement was independently associated with delinquent behaviors. Family routine was found to moderate school disengagement. Specifically, among adolescents exhibiting higher levels of school disengagement, lower levels of family routine were associated with higher levels of delinquent behaviors; however, higher levels of family routine were not associated with lower levels of delinquent behaviors. Findings suggest that lower levels of routine may be a particularly salient risk factor of delinquent behaviors among African American adolescents experiencing higher levels of school disengagement in low SES, urban communities.
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Impact of Irrigation Dam Intervention on Livelihoods of Farmers in the Drought Prone Upper West Region of Ghana: The IFAD Funded Busa and Karni Dams - Lignule, E. (2010)
An increasing number of irrigation dam interventions are user-managed, presuming that this approach delivers better project outcomes. Using an institutional approach, this paper explores how the IFAD-funded, user-managed, irrigation dam interventions in Ghana’s Upper West Region impacted on farmers‟ capacity to cope with drought. Water users associations were formed to address problems of malfeasance among members and ensure collective action for efficient irrigation management to empower participants and reduce poverty and vulnerability to drought. The study concludes that perverse incentives at all levels, particularly at design led to the framing of the intervention on the neo-liberal tenet of full cost recovery, and at implementation to poorly constructed irrigation canals, while lack of collective action during the operational phase contributed to lack of maintenance. As a result, the intervention contributed to a low increase in the capacity of respondents to cope with drought. -- Relevance to Development Studies -- Access to and management of irrigation facilities is vital for the livelihoods of poor and vulnerable farmers living in drought-stricken areas. By exploring how this donor-funded, user-managed irrigation dam intervention worked and impacted on the capacity of farmers to cope with drought, this paper makes a theoretical contribution to literature on irrigation, climate change and rural livelihoods.
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The Late Ordovician glacio-eustatic record from a high-latitude storm-dominated shelf succession: The Bou Ingarf section (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco) - Loi, Alfredo; Ghienne, Jean‐François; Dabard, Marie‐Pierre; Paris, Florentin; Botquelen, Arnaud; Christ, Nicolas; Elaouad-Debbaj, Zohra; Gorini, Alberto; Vidal, Muriel; Videt, Blaise; Destombes, Jacques (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010)
Evidences of glaciation at the end of the Ordovician are widespread in western Gondwana. Some authors consider the glaciation was restricted to the Hirnantian time, but occurrences of glacial deposits in the Lower Silurian strata of South America indicate that the Gondwana glaciers did not completely disappear after the Hirnantian glaciation. In addition, numerous studies based on palaeoecology, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy and stable isotopes have suggested that ice sheets formed as soon as the Early/Middle Katian. The objective of this work is to investigate the high-frequency eustatic signals in a stratigraphic succession corresponding to the Katian and the Hirnantian (∼ 10 My comprising the uppermost part of the Ordovician). The studied section (Bou Ingarf section > 600 m) is located in the Central Anti-Atlas, southern Morocco. It shows an almost continuous succession of siliciclastic platform deposits. The lower package, Katian to early Hirnantian in age, corresponds to a shelf succession, within which storm dynamics prevailed. The upper package, middle to upper Hirnantian in age, comprises a glaciation-related succession made up of a suite of coastal to flood-dominated fluvio-glacial deposits. The latter have essentially filled in large palaeochannels interpreted as subglacial tunnel valleys. From high-resolution facies and sequential analysis, a curve of variation of depositional environments was established at very high, high and low frequencies. Time calibration was performed based on a high-quality biostratigraphic control mainly derived from chitinozoan biozones through the whole succession. Assuming a constant tectonic subsidence and a bathymetric model (shoreface/upper offshore boundary: 30 m; upper offshore/lower offshore boundary: 120 m), changes in facies-based water depths are converted into an eustatic sea-level curve using a one-dimensional backstripping procedure. The eustatic sea-level curve shows that the stratigraphic succession is dominated by the stacking of sequences at very high- (< 400 ka), high- (400 ka) and low- (“3rd order”) frequencies that reflect eustatic variations controlled by ice-cap to ice-sheet growths throughout the Katian and Hirnantian. Three episodes of abrupt sea-level falls (> 40 m) and coeval forced regressions were identified during the Katian. They represent glacial episodes of significant extent prior to the Hirnantian, but essentially lacking a glacial record. Strata reflecting the Hirnantian glaciation include two differentiated events and an intermediate but important transgression. The second Hirnantian glacial event, the only one associated with subglacial erosion in the Bou Ingarf area, corresponds to the Late Ordovician glacial climax characterised by a continental-scale ice sheet. Ice sheets permanently occupying the centre of the Gondwana landmass throughout the Late Ordovician may reconcile moderate Hirnantian eustatic sea-level fall amplitude (40–80 m) and palaeoglacial reconstructions that show a Hirnantian ice sheet covering the main part of western Gondwana.
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Implementation strategies for entrepreneurship skills education in secondary schools of Nangabo Sub-county, Uganda - Luyima, Jimmy (2010)
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Volcano-stratigraphic and structural evolution of Brava Island (Cape Verde) based on 40Ar/39Ar, U–Th and field constraints - Madeira, José; Mata, João; Mourão, Cyntia; Silveira, António Brum da; Martins, Sofia; Ramalho, Ricardo S.; Hoffmann, Dirk L. (Journal of volcanology and geothermal research, 2010)
Three volcano-stratigraphic units were identified at Brava Island in the Cape Verde Archipelago on the basis of field relationships, geologic mapping and 40Ar/39Ar and U–Th ages. The Lower Unit comprises a 2-to-3 Ma-old submarine volcanic sequence that represents the seamount stage. It is composed of nephelinitic/ankaramitic hyaloclastites and pillow lavas, which are cut by abundant co-genetic dikes. Plutonic rocks of an alkaline–carbonatite complex, which intruded the submarine sequence 1.8 to 1.3 Ma ago, constitute the Middle Unit. A major erosional surface developed between 1.3 and ~ 0.25 Ma. The post-erosional volcanism recorded in the Upper Unit started 0.25 Ma ago and is dominated by phonolitic magmatism. This phase is characterised by explosive phreato-magmatic and magmatic activity that produced block and ash flow, surge, and pyroclastic fall deposits and numerous phreato-magmatic craters. Effusive events are represented by lava domes and coulées. One peculiarity of Brava is the occurrence of carbonatites in both the plutonic complex and the post-erosional phase as extrusive volcanics. The intrusive carbonatites are younger than those occurring on Fogo, Santiago and Maio islands. Young (Upper Pleistocene to Holocene) extrusive carbonatites occurring in the late stages of volcanism are unknown in other Cape Verde islands. The occurrence of pillow lavas and hyaloclastites above the present sea level (up to 400 m) and raised Upper Pleistocene beaches indicates continuous uplift of Brava since the seamount stage. By dating raised marine markers, uplift rates were estimated at between 0.2 and 0.4 mm/a. The evolution of Brava was controlled by faults with directions similar to those described for Fogo, suggesting a common stress field. A detailed geological map (1/25,000) of Brava is presented.
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The Migration of Indian Teachers from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa to the United Kingdom: Escaping Adverse Leadership and Management - Manik, Sadhana (Journal of Social Sciences, 2010)
Time - space compression has contributed to a substantial increase in migration worldwide. Professionals and service industry employees are most prone to transnational mobility at present. The declaration by countries to achieve UNESCO’s Education for All targets by 2015 has led to pressure to attract and employ teachers (locally and from abroad) to meet the desired needs. This paper presents an analysis of Indian teachers’ career decision to leave South Africa (SA) to embrace teaching opportunities in the United Kingdom (UK). The data used is drawn from a predominantly qualitative doctoral study completed in 2005 which examined the nature of teacher migration between SA and the UK. While there are a host of reasons that blend to create an impetus to exit SA (such as finance, travel, education policy changes in SA), this paper focuses primarily on the nature of school environment in ex-House of Delegates (HOD) public schools in KwaZulu Natal province (KZN) of SA as a facet of the career reason for migration. The paper begins by contextualising the migration of teachers within the global labour migration debate and then charts some of the major changes in SA education and the corresponding implications for leadership and management in schools. It thereafter explores Indian migrant teachers’ articulations of their negative experiences with Indian principals at ex-HOD schools which prompted their exit from SA. This is followed by their comparisons of the school environment (upon transnational migration), more especially encouraging experiences with leadership and management, in UK schools. The paper culminates by commenting on the need for more studies and for education stakeholders to assist in preparing school leaders via workshop initiatives to address the culture and ethos at ex-HOD schools post-apartheid.
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Reflections on refugee students’ major perceptions of education in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya - Mareng, Chuei (Intercultural Education, 2010)
This reflective study explores refugee students’ perceptions of the educational approach used in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya. The study focuses on my personal reflections as a teacher and a student in this camp, and as a refugee. My goal of writing this narrative is to reflect fully on the refugee students’ life in a camp and then contribute to the method of narrative analysis. It is my hope that this article will contribute to the current literature on the narrative approach.
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The role of African American fraternities and sororities in engineering students' educational experiences at a Predominantly White Institution - Martin, Julie P.; Grant, Denise; Archer, Everton (2010)
This paper describes an exploratory constructivist grounded theory study focusing on relationships between students' perceptions of their participation in an African American fraternity or sorority (i.e. a Black Greek-letter Organization) and their experiences in undergraduate engineering studies. 10 interviews were conducted with students at a Predominantly White Institution in the Southeastern United States. A semi-structured interview guide based on the critical incident technique was used to elicit specific information relative to the research question, and constructivist grounded theory analysis was used to develop a preliminary theory. This study's significance lies in its unique focus on peer-led Black Greek-letter Organizations as potential influences on students' educational experiences in engineering. These organizations have rich histories of traditions, including a strong emphasis on high academic standards. Our work augments that of other studies in engineering education which focus on institutionally-run interventions and/or support programs such as minority in engineering programs.
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Parents’ and teachers’ perceptions and expectations of free primary education and their implementation experiences; the case of primary schools in Kambu educational zone, Kibwezi district, Kenya - Matemu, Theresia K. (2010)
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The Trouble With Condoms: Norms and Meanings of Sexuality and Condom Use Among School-Going Youth in Kenya - Maticka‐Tyndale, Eleanor; Kyeremeh, Collins (International Journal of Sexual Health, 2010)
ABSTRACTDespite knowledge of the effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV transmission, condoms continue to be reported in only a minority of sexual encounters even with nonpermanent partners. This study used focus-group discussions with youth and interviews with community leaders from 22 communities in the Nyanza and Rift Valley provinces, Kenya, to examine the sociocultural influences on condom use among school-going youth. Three overarching themes emerged from a thematic analysis of the data. Condoms did not fit with the purposes, meanings, and understandings of sexuality; in fact, condom use violated most of these. Condoms were also thought to be dangerous for girls and women, to contribute to the spread of HIV, and to be unnecessary for protection against HIV. Finally, given the hardships of life and multiple diseases and circumstances that threatened life, HIV was seen as just another trouble of living. Sex without a condom, within this context, was described as one of the pleasures of a short life. The complexities of sexuality evidenced in the discussions of these youth and adults challenge the viability of the ABC (abstain, be faithful, use a condom) message as a preventive measure against HIV transmission.KEYWORDS: CondomKenyayoung mencultureHIV/AIDS AcknowledgementsResearch for this article was supported with funds from the Department for International Development in the United Kingdom as part of the larger project, Primary School Action for Better Health, Kenya. We thank the staff at Steadman Research Services, Inc., Kenya, for their careful attention to the requirements of data collection and the teachers, principals, and district staff of the Ministry of Education for giving us access to their schools. In particular, we thank the students and community members who gave their time and knowledge to this project. All views expressed here are solely those of the authors.Notes1Some schools had too few students for two focus groups. In these cases, a single focus group was held with the gender that had the largest number.2Information in this section is drawn from discussions between the first author and colleagues in anthropology, Kenyan researchers, and research staff on the larger project. For those interested in a brief overview related to each of these ethnic groups, visit http://www.everyculture.com.3Words in italics in the text are taken directly from focus-group or interview transcripts.
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Adjusting secondary teacher training programmes in Botswana to ensure effective support within inclusive education - Mbengwa, Elizabeth Badirwang (2010)
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The role of institutions in ICT innovation: learning from interventions in a Nigerian e-government initiative - McGrath, Kathy; Maiye, Ariyo (Information Technology for Development, 2010)
Much research on developing countries highlights a link between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and development, albeit from different standpoints about the nature of such a link and the way that desired benefits may be achieved. Prompted by arguments about the developmental potential of ICTs, the Federal Republic of Nigeria has embarked on a mission to computerize all ministries and increase the level of adoption and use of ICTs in the country. This strategy involves the introduction of a wide range of information systems within different governmental organizations and relentless efforts at promoting them. The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is one of several organizations targeted by this e-government initiative. We draw on research that highlights the role of institutions in the adoption and use of IT innovations to examine two attempts by the INEC to introduce an electronic voters’ registration (EVR) system. These efforts were intended to provide a more credible electoral process, leading to increased citizen participation in future voting exercises and the adoption of EVR as the status quo. However, despite a number of interventions promoting the innovation, these efforts failed to institutionalize the EVR system, which was poorly perceived after the elections amidst reports of high levels of electoral malpractice. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations in this context of institutional interventions and suggest some implications for policy-makers. Shirin Madon is the accepting Associate Editor for this article.
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Effects of reading and writing practice on argumentative essay writing among Moroccan EFL Learners : The case of IIHEM students - Mhamed, Mohamed Ben (2010)
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Determination of the earthquake source parameters at Tushka area and its surroundings, Aswan, South Egypt - Mohamed, Haggag H.; Hassib, Gaber H. (Journal of African earth sciences (1994), 2010)
Abstract In the last few years, Tushka area received a special attention from the Egyptian government to construct new projects, cities and cultivation of more new areas. No historical earthquakes are known in the Tushka area. The spectral analysis was performed to obtain the source parameters of some earthquakes with magnitude M D ranging between 2.0 and 3.7 located in and around the area. The source parameters were determined using the MAG software program. The derived corner frequency ƒ o for P- and S- waves show values between 3.9–10.7 and 3.7–12.5 Hz respectively, the seismic moment M o ranged from 7.77 × 10 11 to 1.77 × 10 14 dyne/cm, the source radii r spanned from 49.2 to 136.5 m, the stress drop Δ δ varied from 1.17 to 778.3 bar and the seismic energy E ranged from 6.42 × 10 5 to 1.24 × 10 11  J. Some scaling relations between the different obtained source parameters were made such as: M o – M D M o –Δ δ , M o – E , and moment magnitude M w – M D in order to deduce the empirical relations for these parameters that can help in turn in the fast calculation of the different source parameters for the earthquakes in the area.
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Culturally Competent Collaboration: School Counselor Collaboration with African American Families and Communities - Moore-Thomas, Cheryl; Day‐Vines, Norma L. (Professional School Counseling, 2010)
Emerging literature on school-family-community partnerships suggests positive educational and social outcomes for students (Koonce & Harper, 2005; Mitchell & Bryan, 2007). This article discusses the historical and contemporary factors and barriers that affect African American students and their families as they partner with schools and communities. The article explores cultural competence as it relates to effective collaboration and interactions as well as an understanding of the political structures and sociocultural realities of African American students, families, and their communities. Specific models, strategies, and recommendations for school counselors' and counselor educators' effective work with African American students and families within school-family-community collaborations are discussed.
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Culturally Competent Collaboration: School Counselor Collaboration with African American Families and Communities - Moore-Thomas, Cheryl; Day‐Vines, Norma L. (Professional School Counseling, 2010)
Emerging literature on school-family-community partnerships suggests positive educational and social outcomes for students (Koonce & Harper, 2005; Mitchell & Bryan, 2007). This article discusses the historical and contemporary factors and barriers that affect African American students and their families as they partner with schools and communities. The article explores cultural competence as it relates to effective collaboration and interactions as well as an understanding of the political structures and sociocultural realities of African American students, families, and their communities. Specific models, strategies, and recommendations for school counselors’ and counselor educators’ effective work with African American students and families within school-family-community collaborations are discussed.
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Book Review: Faith in Schools: Religion, Education, and American Evangelicals in East Africa - Morgan, Garry (Missiology, 2010)
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Teaching schoolchildren about handwashing: Experiences from Zimbabwe - Morgan, Peter; Shangwa, Annie (Waterlines, 2010)
This article describes simple, easy-to-contruct devices that can deliver water for handwashing even when water is in short supply. Together with soap, or ash if soap is unavailable, these devices have been used at home or in schools in Zimbabwe.
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Admissions Testing and Some Considerations for Course Design for Interpreter Training in Mozambique - Mullender, Garry (Forum - Presses De La Sorbonne Nouvelle & Korean Society of Conference Interpretation, 2010)
La mise en place d’un Master's en Interprétation à l’Université Pédagogique de Mozambique suppose des défis nouveaux pour les formateurs et les responsables pédagogiques. Les contextes social, linguistique et éducatif exigent des réponses créatives, ce qui a été rendu évident par les récents examens d’admission au cours. Cet article se penche sur les préparatifs nécessaires pour organiser des examens à distance et réfléchi sur quelques débats liés à l’évaluation. On explorera l’adaptation du programme au contexte et des pratiques pédagogiques, surtout, vue la nécessité de permettre aux étudiants qui travaillent à plein temps et les originaires d’autres provinces d’assister aux cours et également les contraintes engendrées par le fait que de nombreux formateurs résident en Europe. Nous examinerons aussi le rôle potentiel des TIC dans l’approvisionnement de formation dans d’endroits éloignés.
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Vocational self-concept and decision making self-efficacy of learners with visual impairment in Kenya - Murugami, Margaret (2010)
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The Push Towards UPE and the Determinants of the Demand for Education in Tanzania - Nerman, Måns; Owens, Trudy (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
This paper uses household data to investigate the determinants of demand for education in Tanzania and test whether these have changed during the government’s push for Universal Primary Education in the 2000s. We find that the abolition of school fees was followed by an overall increase in enrolment, yet the sustained importance of household’s consumption, livelihood and education indicates that the socio-economic standing of the household remains an important source of educational inequality. We also include estimated returns to education as an explanatory factor but find no indications that returns determine demand in Tanzania.
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Shaping forest safety nets with markets: Adaptation to climate change under changing roles of tropical forests in Congo Basin - Nkem, Johnson; Kalame, Fobissie Blese; Idinoba, Monica; Somorin, Olufunso A.; Ndoye, O.; Awono, A. (Environmental Science & Policy, 2010)
Tropical forests hold several goods and services used by forest-dependent people as safety nets to traverse difficult periods of resource supply. These same goods and services are constantly surrounded by emerging markets linking remote communities with major urban centers nationally and internationally. How these markets affect adaptation remains unclear. This paper examines the roles of markets in non-timber forest products that normally serve as safety nets for forest communities, and the implications for climate change adaptation in the Congo Basin. Following the identification and prioritization of forest-based development sectors for adaptation by stakeholders, the types of markets and trades surrounding the identified sectors were examined in two provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a case study in order to evaluate revenue flows and their potential contribution to adaptation by local communities. The distribution of the market revenue leaves local people with returns much lower than the worth of the commodity, while wholesalers and retailers reap most of the benefits and profit from the high variability in volume and market earnings for the same commodity across provinces. Markets may increase the value of a commodity as observed in this study, but their contributions to adaptation appear highly limited for local communities following their distribution among the stakeholders in the market chain. This is likely to be worse in free market settings, especially when it diminishes the safety net roles of forest goods and services. Markets should therefore complement rather than substitute forests roles for adaptation to climate change in tropical forest countries. Capturing the benefits of trade for adaptation is crucial but will require policy reforms and further research that addresses the complexity in benefit sharing.
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Physical activity levels of senior secondary school students in Ibadan, western Nigeria. - Odunaiya, Nse A.; Ayodele, OA; Oguntibeju, Oluwafemi Omoniyi (PubMed, 2010)
Inactivity and low levels of physical activity are predisposing factors to many chronic diseases such as heart disease which are showing an increase in prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa generally and Nigeria in particular. Physical activity levels have been found to be decreasing among young people in many countries around the world resulting in a state where young people are not found to be sufficiently active in order to safeguard their present and future health and well-being.This study was designed to assess the physical activity levels of students in government-owned senior secondary schools located in the South-east Municipality, Ibadan, Western Nigeria, and its association with their physical characteristics and level of study.Multi-stage sampling was used to select participants from senior secondary schools. A modified version of the self-reported physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A) validated for Nigerian adolescents was used for data collection. One thousand and two questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. The questionnaire was designed to collect the respondents' demographic data and assess their physical activity levels. One thousand (1000) questionnaires were completed. Two of the 1002 questionnaires were not properly completed and were therefore discarded. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and cumulative percentage. A table was used to present the results. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between physical activity levels and the physical characteristics of the participants. Independent t-test was used to determine the difference in the physical activity levels of the participants.The results indicated that 38% of the participants engaged in low activity levels, 58.8% in moderate activity levels and 3.2% in high activity levels. Furthermore, physical activity levels (PAL) had significant positive associations with the physical characteristics of the participants and males appeared to be significantly more active than females.Adolescents are not involved in adequate physical activities that could safeguard their present and future health and well-being. Therefore, it is recommended that there should be educational programmes in place which emphasize the benefits of exercise, primordial prevention of future chronic and cardiovascular diseases and also the incorporation of physical education in the secondary school curriculum.
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Integrating Climate Change into Conservation and Management of Marine Fisheries Resources: A Study of the Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries in Nigeria - Okon, Emmanuel E. (2010)
The state of marine fishery resources globally and particularly in Nigeria is a matter of considerable concern. Hitherto, international and Nigerian fisheries laws, as well as the opinions of legal scholars on how to address this problem, have focused predominantly on overfishing. Meanwhile, scientific literature reveals that increasing ocean temperatures caused by global warming have serious legal and management implications on the sustainable development of marine fishery resources. This thesis argues that sustainability of marine fishery resources is achievable only if states, including Nigeria, adopt a holistic and proactive approach to their management. This approach demands mainstreaming climate change into harvest-based measures by applying precautionary and ecosystem management methods. The approach further requires coastal and fishing states to comply with fisheries and climate change regimes. The management of Norwegian spring spawning herring and Frazer River sockeye was case-studied and the lessons learned are used as a guide to address the adverse impact of climate change on Nigeria’s already overexploited marine fisheries. However, since societies are not the same and documentary data require triangulation, semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain the views of stakeholders in the marine fisheries sector on the major themes investigated. The first part of this thesis covers the introduction, research methodology and an examination of some preliminary issues. Part two ascertains how international fisheries law has addressed the problems of overfishing and climate change. Part three identifies the main lessons from the aforementioned case studies and advocates that states should adopt holistic approaches to compliance in solving the marine fish crisis. Part four investigates the extent to which Nigerian fisheries law has addressed the problems of overfishing and climate change; it also examines Nigeria’s compliance with international fisheries law. The concluding part recommends, in particular, that Nigeria should enforce conservation measures at sea, broaden participation of stakeholders in marine fisheries management and reduce its greenhouse gases emissions.
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Benefits and challenges of implementation of iso 9001:2008 certification at Kenya Medical training College - Oluoch, Kelly (2010)
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Patients’ satisfaction with emergency care and priorities for change in a university teaching hospital in Nigeria - Oluwadiya, Kehinde Sunday; Olatoke, Samuel; Ariba, Adekunle Joseph; Omotosho, Omotola A.; Olakulehin, Olakunle A. (International Emergency Nursing, 2010)
Little work has been done on patients’ satisfaction with hospital care in Nigeria. This prospective study was done to identify factors affecting patients’ satisfaction with emergency care in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. This study was carried out among adult patients who had received care at the Accident and Emergency unit of the hospital. We used the priority index (calculated by combining the mean score on all items and correlated weight) to identify areas of emergency services in need of urgent improvement. There were 250 respondents; 147 males and 103 females. Six (6.4%) patients declined to answer the questionnaire. Time to surgical intervention was the item with the highest priority for change. This was followed by three indicators of caregiver conduct: showing genuine concern by health workers, attitude of nurses, and courtesy by health workers. Females rated all indices of satisfaction lower than males. Surgical and gynecological patients were also less satisfied with their care than their medical and trauma counterparts. The results from this study provided necessary data to guide changes needed to improve patient satisfaction in the A&E. Our findings suggest that improving speed of access to surgery and enhancing interpersonal skills of healthcare givers are areas that need to be prioritized.
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Quantitative estimation of minor conductive hearing loss with distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the guinea pig - Olzowy, Bernhard; Deppe, Christoph; Arpornchayanon, Warangkana; Canis, Martin; Strieth, Sebastian; Kummer, Peter (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2010)
Subclinical conductive hearing losses (CHLs) can affect otoacoustic emissions and therefore limit their potential in the assessment of the cochlear function. Theoretical considerations to estimate a minor CHL from DPOAE measurements [Kummer et al. (2006). HNO 54, 457–467] are evaluated experimentally. They are based on the fact, that the level difference of the stimulus tones L1 and L2 for optimal excitation of the inner ear is given by L1=aL2+b. A CHL is presumed to attenuate both L1 and L2 to the same extent such that excitation of the inner ear is no longer optimal. From the change of L1 that is necessary to restore optimal excitation of the inner ear and thus to produce maximal DPOAE levels, the CHL can be estimated. In 10 guinea pig ears an experimental CHL was produced, quantified by determination of compound action potential (CAP) thresholds at 8 kHz (CHLCAP) and estimated from DPOAE measurements at 8 kHz (CHLDPOAE). CHLs up to 12 dB could be assessed. CHLDPOAE correlated well with CHLCAP (R=0.741, p=0.0142). Mean difference between CHLDPOAE and CHLCAP was 4.2±2.6 dB. Estimation of minor CHL from DPOAE measurements might help to increase the diagnostic value of DPOAEs.
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Constitutional protection of the right to education in Tanzania and South Africa : a comparative study - Omar, Mathias (2010)
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P09.11 Comparative assessment of infection control training course between undergraduate medical students and internships physician: an Egyptian experience - Omar, Naureen; El-Farrash, M.; Hadidy, M. El; Badre, R.; El-Daker, M.; Maghwary, G.; Hamad, Elshiema; Askar, Haifa; Mesbah, Mojgan; Dars, W. El; Tawefek, D.; Moemen, D. (Journal of Hospital Infection, 2010)
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USAGE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS) IN INFORMATION SEEKING AMONGST UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN BOTSWANA - Ongori, Henry; Paul, Mburu T (E3 Journal of Business Management and Economics, 2010)
Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) play a great role in information search among university respondents. Respondents use ICT tools for searching information to aid them in doing their assignments and in searching other related information. However, not much has been written on ICT tools used especially by the students and behaviour aspect of browsing habits in Africa. Therefore, this paper sought to fill the information gap by investigating the usage of ICTs in information seeking amongst students. The study adopted a survey method where a sample of 200 respondents was selected for the study across the university. The major finding from the study indicated that there is high usage of ICT tools for information search which is related to their study. The implications of this study are that it will assist the policy makers to come up with best interventions to ensure that ICT tools are available to respondents for usage. In addition, it provokes management to come up with appropriate strategies to minimize constraints faced by respondents in using ICT tools for information search. Key words: Information communication technologies, respondents, constraints, role
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Impact of intestinal helminthiases on the nutritional status of primary-school children in Osun state, south–western Nigeria - Oninla, Samuel Olorunyomi; Onayade, Adedeji; Owa, Joshua A. (Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 2010)
In January-March 2000, the impact of intestinal helminthiases on the nutritional status of 749 pupils (353 boys and 396 girls) attending public primary schools in the Ife Central local government area of Osun state, in south-western Nigeria, was investigated. Demographic, socio-economic and other relevant information was collected on the pupils, on the same day that a single stool sample was collected from each subject and examined, using Stoll's dilution egg-count technique. The weights, heights and ages of the subjects were recorded and converted to percentages of the reference medians for weight-for-height, weight-for-age and height-for-age. The overall prevalences of helminth infection detected among the 465 malnourished pupils (i.e. those with any form of under-nutrition) and the 284 well-nourished pupils were 32.9% and 25.4%, respectively (P=0.029). The nutritional indices of the pupils who were found helminth-infected were generally lower than those of the pupils who appeared free of intestinal helminths. The mean values for weight-for-height, for example, were higher in the apparently uninfected pupils than in those found infected with any intestinal helminth (P=0.02) or only with Ascaris lumbricoides (P=0.05). Similarly, the mean height-for-age of the pupils who were apparently uninfected was higher than the corresponding value for the pupils found hookworm-positive (P=0.003). The pupils who were each found infected with two or more species of intestinal infection had significantly lower weights-for-heights, weights-for-ages and heights-for-ages than the pupils who appeared to be helminth-free. The results of a multivariate logistic-regression analysis indicated that hookworm infection was a significant risk factor for underweight (P=0.015), wasting (P=0.033) and stunting (P=0.015) whereas Trichuris was only a significant risk factor for stunting (P=0.025). It appears that intestinal helminthiasis may play a causal or contributory role in the occurrence of childhood malnutrition, at least in the present study area. Steps should be taken to control both of these important health problems, through functional school-health programmes that provide regular deworming, supervised school meals and health education.
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