The DOWNFLOW code for lava flow hazard mapping, with applications to the volcanoes Etna, Nyiragongo, and Cameroon - Favalli, Massimiliano; Tarquini, Simone; Fornaciai, Alessandro; Papale, Paolo (EGUGA, 2010)
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The deep lithospheric structure of the Namibian volcanic margin - Fernàndez, Manel; Afonso, Juan Carlos; Ranalli, Giorgio (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
Abstract A model of the thermal, compositional, density, and seismological structure of the lithospheric and sublithospheric mantle along a 500-km transect across the Namibian volcanic passive margin is presented. This margin juxtaposes old oceanic lithosphere and a Precambrian continental domain. The model combines within an internally consistent framework data from petrology, mineral physics, and geophysical observables. The calculated mantle temperature and density distributions down to a depth of 400 km are consistent with available xenolith-derived data, and fit simultaneously the observed free-air anomaly, geoid height, surface heat flow, and elevation. The model also explains the anomalously thick oceanic crust and the depletion of the lithospheric mantle in the ocean–continent transition and in the Proterozoic continental domain. Seismic velocities predicted by the present model are in good agreement with values obtained from wide angle reflection/refraction and tomography experiments. The thermal lithospheric thickness is ~ 100 km in the oceanic domain, increasing gradually to ~ 125 km across the ocean–continent transition and then more sharply to ~ 175 km in the continental domain. The density distribution in the mantle differs significantly from current purely thermal approaches where density is assumed to be only temperature-dependent. Non-negligible compositional density differences are encountered between the oceanic, transitional, and continental domains. Results show that non-thermal effects such as composition and phase changes cannot be neglected in models of the upper mantle.
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Sexuality education in South Africa: Three essential questions - Francis, Dennis (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
Sex education is the cornerstone on which most HIV/AIDS prevention programmes rest and since the adoption of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE), has become a compulsory part of the South African school curriculum through the Life Orientation learning area. However, while much focus has been on providing young people with accurate and frank information about safe sex, this paper questions whether school-based programmes sufficiently support the needs of young people. This paper is based on a desk-review of the literature on sex and sexuality education and examines it in relation to the South African educational context and policies. It poses three questions: (a) what do youth need from sexuality education? (b) Is school an appropriate environment for sex education? (c) If so, what can be said about the content of sex education as well as pedagogy surrounding it? Through reviewing the literature this paper critically engages with education on sex and sexuality in South Africa and will argue that in order to effectively meet the needs of youth, the content of sexual health programmes needs to span the whole spectrum of discourses, from disease to desire. Within this spectrum, youth should be constructed as “knowers” as opposed to innocent in relation to sex. How youth are taught as well as how their own knowledge and experience is positioned in the classroom is as important as content in ensuring that youth avoid negative sexual health outcomes.
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Reflections on Success and Retention in Urban Science Education: Voices of Five African‐American Science Teachers Who Stayed - Fraser-Abder, Pamela (School Science and Mathematics, 2010)
This study highlights the factors that contribute to excellence in urban science teaching as pinpointed by five urban African‐American science teachers who have taught successfully in the urban system for over 10 years. These teachers shared their experiences and reflections on the qualities that contributed to their success and persistence as urban science teachers. Their ability to understand and care for their students was a major contributing factor; other contributing factors included in‐depth knowledge and love of science, caring and commitment to the whole child, effective classroom management strategies, high expectations and motivation of their students, and an understanding and acceptance of the varying parental involvement in the educational decisions about their child.
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Use of Geoenvironmental Impact of Climate Change in Management and Assessment Lake Nasser, Egypt - Gammal, El Sayed El (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
This study monitor how to management the water stored after High Dam in the biggest artificial global lake (Lake Nasser), Integration of physical features and water level changes within the lake curse and margins. Statistical data presented, interpreted and correlated with using remote sensing technique in change detection. Different Landsat images acquired at different times (1970, 1982, 1987, 2000, 2003 and 2008) have been used by the ERDAS and ARC-GIS techniques to estimate the movements of lake borders and water fluctuation proportional to water sizes in place. Regards to water fluctuation degree, the lake can be divide into 4 classes in lake’s sectors: 1, show maximum change degree, 2 show medium change degree, 3 slight to neglected change degree, and 4, no change. Functions control the water fluctuation in Lake Nasser are; (i) the granite and Nubia sandstone outcrops, (ii) NW, E-W and NE structure in order, (iii) low topography. Water level change detection on Landsat images in different dates elucidates big variation between different lake sectors, there are strangle points and other useful localities that yields environmental implication. The strangle points detected in the curse of River Nile and after 40 years since lake initiation, the water are more strangled in this curse because of the water velocity before the High Dam was high speed can pass toward the north in Nile annual flood but after the dam, the water velocity decreased. Due to decrease of velocity, the water go to narrow incised wadis (Khors) in the Nile high flood plus the sands drift, these khors are bounded by hard Nubia sandstone already saturated by water and it consider the main underground water reservoir in Egypt. In addition, the entrance of the lake in Halfa inside Sudan is subjected to suspended sediments (mud) forming new delta plus the sands drift that impair the reservoir in Egypt. Wadi Allaqui have 250 km length and 2 km average width, it’s is the 5th order channel inside a large drainage basin that consider a recourses to the River Nile and hence to Lake Nasser. Wadi Allaqui have silt-soil with depth reach up to 5 meters. Kurkur have similar to Allaqi circumstance and support the Nile Basin.
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Who built the great Zimbabwe? About the myth of civilizational handicap of african peoples Quem construiu o grande Zimbábue? Em torno do mito da incapacidade civilizadora dos povos africanos - Gonçalves, José Henrique Rollo (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
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An interview with Ivor Blumenthal : CEO of the Services SETA : a case for recognition of prior learning in South Africa : education - DaVinci Institute - Graham, Terry (Management Today, 2010)
An interview with Ivor Blumenthal : CEO of the Services SETA : a case for recognition of prior learning in South Africa
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Good governance and growth in Africa: what can we learn from Tanzania? - Gray, Hazel; Khan, Mushtaq (2010)
Popular struggles for social justice in Africa and elsewhere are often couched in terms of demands for better governance. But the new consensus over ‘good governance’ supported by international financial institutions represents a much narrower programme of reform based on neoclassical economic theory. This agenda focuses on developing governance attributes in Africa that are theoretically supposed to enhance growth by making markets more efficient. Some of these governance capabilities (such as measures to improve government accountability or lower corruption) appear to coincide with goals supported by social justice movements for better governance. But the reasons for supporting these are very different in the official good governance agenda, and the way they are supported can make the achievement of social goals even more difficult. This chapter outlines the theoretical and methodological basis of the good governance agenda and sets out an alternative understanding of the links between growth and governance in Africa.
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Hazards and critical control points for traditional sago starch production in Papua New Guinea: Implications for food safety education - Greenhill, Andrew R.; Shipton, W. A.; Blaney, B. J.; Amoa, Betty Bediako; Kopel, Eran; Pelowa, Daniel; Gena, M; Warner, Jeffrey (Food Control, 2010)
Sago starch is an important food in lowland Papua New Guinea (PNG), however cases of severe illness following its consumption have been documented. A hazard analysis of traditional sago starch production and consumption was conducted, based on observations of the preparation process, and findings from sociological and microbiological studies. Hazards identified included common pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi. Critical control points (CPP) were identified at various stages of the production process, including tree selection, starch extraction, sago storage and cooking. Storage methods that promoted spontaneous fermentation were deemed the most important risk reduction process in the production of safe sago starch. The CCPs formed the basis of an education campaign that was developed to provide guidance on how to maximise the safety of sago starch within the cultural and socio-economic context of rural PNG.
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Sahara and Sahel vulnerability to climate changes, lessons from the past - Focus on the Ounianga lake region (NE Chad) - Grenier, Christophe; Zheng, Weipeng; Lézine, Anne-Marie; Braconnot, Pascale; Krinner, Gerhard; Harel, Marie-Alice; Anglade, Juliette; Paillou, Philippe (EGUGA, 2010)
(1) LSCE, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France (christophe.grenier@lsce.ipsl.fr), (2) LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, No. 40 Huayanli, Chaoyang District, 1000029 Beijing, China, (3) Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement. LGGE/CNRS. 54 rue Moliere, BP 96. 38402 St Martin d’Heres Cedex, France, (4) Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l’Univers, UMR 5804 – LAB, 2 rue de l’Observatoire BP 89, 33270 Floirac, France
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Teachers’ expectations as a factor influencing African-American students’ academic achievement and classroom behavior - Gupta, Anusree (2010)
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“This Is Where I Want To Be:” Pedagogical and Integrative Practices of African American Learning Communities and Their Impact on Students - Hansen, Tess (Journal of transformative leadership and policy studies, 2010)
This qualitative study explores pedagogical practices and student responses in three community college learning communities targeting African American students. Using classroom observations, instructor and student interviews, and student focus groups, the study examines how instructors teach in race-based programs and how students respond to these pedagogies. The study uses a conceptual model that integrates retention theory, critical race theory, and integration of instruction and student services theory. The study finds that culturally responsive pedagogical and classroom management techniques result in enhanced student perceptions of themselves as capable learners. Students also report developing a sense of African American identity through the experience of the curriculum and the racially homogeneous community of learners. This research has implications for policy and practice at community colleges by providing evidence that race-based programs are crucial for the academic and social integration of African American students into academia. The study also recommends that structural changes be made to community college practice, including integrating the role of student service professionals into curriculum design.
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Developing the use of Information and Communication Technology to enhance teaching and learning in East African Schools - Hennessy, Sara; Onguko, Brown; Harrison, David; Ang’ondi, Enos Kiforo; Namalefe, Susan; Naseem, Azra; Wamakote, Leonard (2010)
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Monitoring environmental management at primary schools in South Africa - Hens, Luc; Wiedemann, Torsten; Raath, Schalk; Stone, Riana; Renders, Paul; Craenhals, Eric; Richter, Barend Wilhelm (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2010)
With the aid of universities Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) were developed and implemented in 39 primary schools in Northern Gauteng and Southern Limpopo Provinces, South Africa in 2005. Between 2006 and 2008, the assisting universities monitored the implementation process to evaluate the progress the schools made in environmental management and performance. The monitoring results exposed the main parameters, which lead to an improvement of the environmental performance of the schools. These results can be used to improve the process of EMS implementation in the future. This paper presents the monitoring results and discusses the correlations between the different managerial aspects on the one hand and the environmental performances on the other hand. The major observations were: The elaboration of the managerial aspects seems to evolve in a similar way at the different schools, independent from the social-economic type of the schools (urban, rural or township). Successful implementation of the EMS starts with the implementation of managerial instruments: The integration of environmental aspects in the management of the school is positively correlated with the environmental performance of the schools (water, waste and greening), but not with energy-related environmental performances. The implementation of managerial instruments starts with good planning, followed by communication and co-operation, where the whole school team has to be involved. Universities have important opportunities to take the lead in this hardly explored area of research. The results open interesting opportunities for further research on how to optimize the functioning of the EMS in primary schools in the Northern part of South Africa. A model that relates the determinants of a successful EMS might be a first step.
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Waves of Educational Model Production: The Case of Higher Education Institutionalization in Malawi, 1964–2004 - Holland, Dana G. (Comparative Education Review, 2010)
Previous articleNext article No AccessWaves of Educational Model Production: The Case of Higher Education Institutionalization in Malawi, 1964–2004Dana G. HollandDana G. Holland Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 54, Number 2May 2010 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/651139 Views: 125Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref History © 2010 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:C. C. Wolhuter Terra Invicta: Comparative and International Education: A Field of Scholarship Testing Unprecedented Frontiers in the Twenty-first Century, (Sep 2022): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-36792022000043A001Edith Mukudi Omwami Globalization, the State, and Cultural Identity: Negotiating Minority Rights in Expansion and Quality Assurance in Public University in Kenya, (Mar 2022): 71–91.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83136-3_5Audree M. Chase-Mayoral The Global Rise of the U.S. Community College Model, New Directions for Community Colleges 2017, no.177177 (Mar 2017): 7–15.https://doi.org/10.1002/cc.20237Marta Zdravkovic, Linley Chiwona-Karltun, Eren Zink Experiences and perceptions of South–South and North–South scientific collaboration of mathematicians, physicists and chemists from five southern African universities, Scientometrics 108, no.22 (Jun 2016): 717–743.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-1989-zM. Fernanda Pineda Standardized tests in an era of international competition and accountability, (Dec 2010): 331–353.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000013015Diane Brook Napier African socialism, post-colonial development, and education: Change and continuity in the post-socialist era, (Mar 2015): 369–399.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014017
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Defining the Protected Groups in the Law of Genocide: Learning from the Experience of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda - Hopkins, Alison (Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies, 2010)
April 6, 2009, marked the fifteenth anniversary of the beginning of the Rwandan Genocide. In 1994, international outcry was not immediately forthcoming, but the commitment made by the United Nations Security Council for an international criminal tribunal to bring those who were responsible for the genocide to justice was an important statement condemning the actions of many Rwandans. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (“ICTR”) had many legal issues to face, but the most important, by far, was an exploration of the law of genocide at international law. The ICTR was the first international court to try an individual for genocide, and it has continued with an unprecedented number of genocide charges. Jean-Paul Sartre argued that “[genocide] itself is as old as humanity.” The international law that prohibits genocide, though, is only sixty-one years old. It took fifty of those years before an individual was found guilty under the relatively young international law. The contributions of the ICTR to developments in the law of genocide are unquestionably significant. And while judicial decisions are considered a subsidiary means for determining rules of international law, they are essential to any understanding the law’s application.  Genocide has been described as “the crime of crimes.” “Attacks on groups defined on the basis of race, nationality, ethnicity and religion have been elevated [...] to the apex of human rights atrocities” through international law. This elevated status exists because of the special intent required for an individual to be responsible for the commission of genocide. The legal analysis of this “special intent” is one of the most important aspects of all ICTR jurisprudence. Concern arose early within the ICTR that the Tutsi of Rwanda did not constitute a “protected group” under the 1948 Genocide Convention . Determining what did constitute a “protected group” under the Convention became an ongoing concern for the Tribunal. Ultimately, the question to be answered is what is the appropriate way to define “protected groups” under the 1948 Genocide Convention , and how will this definition impact proceedings before the International Criminal Court (“ICC”). By analyzing the jurisprudence of the ICTR, the accompanying jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (“ICTY”) and academic commentary, this article will explore the issue of protected groups. More specifically, the four terms used in the Convention will be analyzed, followed by a discussion on the use of an objective or subjective approach to defining genocide. Although ICTR case law tends not to be as well-reasoned as much of the ICTY case law, the former is still significant and may more accurately represent the ongoing debate regarding the precise and appropriate meaning of the terms found in the Convention . The world turned a blind eye to Rwanda in 1994. As Boutros Boutros-Ghali stated, “[f]or us, genocide was the gas chamber - what happened in Germany. We were not able to realize that with the machete you can create a genocide.”  The experience in Rwanda and the jurisprudence of the ICTR will forever shape notions of genocide at international law and will hopefully protect groups like the Tutsi of Rwanda from such atrocities in the future.
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Improved Drought Monitoring in the Greater Horn of Africa by Combining Meteorological and Remote Sensing Based Indicators - Horion, Stéphanie; Kurnik, Blaž; Paulo, Barbosa Ferreira; Juergen, Vogt (EGUGA, 2010)
Drought is a complex and insidious natural hazard. It is hence difficult to detect in its early stages and to monitor its spatial evolution. Defining drought is already a challenge and can be done differently by meteorologists, hydrologists or socio-economists. In each one of these research areas, various indicators were already set up to depict the development of drought. However they are usually considering only one aspect of the phenomenon. The development of integrated indicators could help to detect faster/better the onset of drought, to monitor more efficiently its evolution in time and space, and therefore to better trigger timely and appropriate actions on the field.
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Calibrating a new proxy for Pleistocene climate change in southern Africa: the Mutual Ostracod Temperature Range method - Horne, David; Martens, Koen (EGUGA, 2010)
The Mutual Ostracod Temperature Range (MOTR) method has so far been applied only in the European Pleistocene, where it is proving effective in producing past air temperature range estimates that compare well with those obtained by other proxy methods (Horne, 2007; Horne & Mezquita, 2008; Holmes et al., in press). As an essential preliminary step towards applying the method in southern Africa, we have calibrated a training set of living ostracod species’ distributions against a modern climate dataset and other available environmental data. The modern ostracod dataset is based on material held by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels, which constitutes the most diverse and comprehensive collection of southern African nonmarine ostracods available anywhere in the world. To date, c. 150 nominal species have been described from southern Africa (Martens, 2001) out of c. 450 species in the total Afrotropical area (Martens et al., 2008). We used an edited dataset comprising a total of 2,118 records of ostracod species from 748 localities in southern Africa, ranging in latitude from approximately 17 degrees S to 35 degrees S. We have explored the potential value and limitations of this training set for the estimation of past climatic parameters including mean July, January and annual air temperatures, precipitation, water conductivity and pH.
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Reconstruction of Late Quaternary climate and landscape changes in Southern Africa based on integrative analyses of geoarchives - Hürkamp, Kerstin; Völkel, Jörg; Winkelbauer, Jennifer; Leopold, Matthias; Bens, Oliver; Heine, Klaus (EGUGA, 2010)
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Use of Newspapers by Nigerian University Students: The Case of Delta State University, Anwai Campus - Igbeka, Josephine U.; Ola, C. O. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction Newspapers provide up-to-date information on local, state/provincial, national, and world issues. They are among the most widely-read periodicals that are available and accessible to the vast majority of people of all ages and walks of life in any community. Every category of reader can find some important, current, and interesting information in newspapers. Today's use design elements that make information easily accessible to the reader. For example, important stories have large bold headlines, while graphics appear next to related stories. The most current analysis and criticism of politics, economics, health, religion, sports, psychological and emotional issues, music, theatre, television, the fine arts, and even comics are covered by newspapers. Ola and Ojo (2007) reiterate that, newspapers are important because they carry current information and they keep the readers informed of events and happenings within and outside their immediate environments. They are useful for education, recreation, entertainment and relaxation. News is written as a way of disseminating information to a large group of people. Reporters and editors are usually conscious of the language they use in news reportage to attract popular readership. In positioning within the news environment and establishing their academic and research viability, Cheney, Knapp, Alan, and Czapla (2006) insist that despite the growing presence of news on the Internet, radio, television, etc., a library's current newspaper collection can continue to play a vital role in the academic community. In fact, they advocate that, in order to improve newspaper readership among college-age students, libraries should provide free and unhindered access to to all library users. History The history of the Nigerian press dates back to 1859, when Rev. Henry Tennsend released Iwe Iroyin fun Awon Ara Egba ati Yoruba (The Newspaper for the Egbas and Yorubas ) in Abeokuta. It was bilingual (published in both English and Yoruba). This was followed in 1863 by The Anglo African, edited by Robert Campbell. It carried both local and international news. With the increase in political and social activities in Nigeria, came a bimonthly newspaper used to aggregate public opinion on topical issues, the Lagos Times, which emerged on November 10, 1880. The Lagos Observer hit the newsstands fifteen months later, followed by The Eagle on March 31, 1887. Adolphus March started The Mirror at this time. Other began to emerge afterwards: The Nigerian Chronicle in 1908, and The Nigerian Pioneer, founded by Kukoyi Ajasa. In 1926, the Nigerian Printing and Publishing Company started the Nigerian Daily Times. The West African Pilot of Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe was established in 1936. This brought an increase in national consciousness. Chief Obafemi Awolowo started the Nigerian Tribune in 1946. Most recently, the in circulation include: The Vanguard Newspaper, The National Concord, The Punch, The Guardian, This Day, Comet Newspaper, Daily Sketch, The Monitor, Alaroye, The Post Express, The Nigerian Herald, The National Compass, etc. Delta State University, Asaba, Anwai Campus Delta State University Asaba, Anwai campus is one of the campuses of the university whose main campus is at Abraka. It offers courses mainly in agriculture and business. It is made up of two faculties, the Faculty of Agriculture and the Faculty of Management Science. Presently, the total student population is 2,498, with 1,129 in the Faculty of Agriculture and 1,267 in the Faculty of Management Science. The population of part-time students is 2,384. Purpose of the Study This paper explores the impact of in the life of the students in the university, including the most widely-read and the reason they are read by students. The result of this research will allow newspaper publishers to know the impact they have on students. …
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Difficulties and Motivation of Postgraduate Students in Selected Nigerian Universities - Igun, Stella E. (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction Motivation energizes people to overcome setbacks. Study motivation helps students to stay focused and psychologically empowered to overcome obstacles and difficulties during study. Motivation drives students to achieve goals. Postgraduate students should be interested in the area of study and full of enthusiasm that should not wane as the study advances and as problems are confronted. One theory of motivation is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow identified lower needs that have to be met before higher needs at the top. The starting point of Maslow's hierarchy theory is that people have needs that must be satisfied in the following order: * Physiological: food, sleep, etc. * Safety: Stable environment relatively free from threats * Social: Affectionate relations with others and status within a group. * Esteem: Self-respect, self-esteem, and the esteem of others; desire for confidence, competence, achievement, mastery, recognition, and reputation. * Self-actualization: Self-fulfilment The Nigerian postgraduate student may desire to move up the hierarchy to attain the level of self-actualization but this progress may be hindered by difficulties which could hamper the desire, zeal, and goal. Apart from these areas of needs in Maslow's theory that postgraduate students must overcome, this study will also look at other difficulties and obstacles confronting Nigerian postgraduates students in the areas of * Prolonged semesters or sessions due to strikes and student unrest * Getting research materials * Interaction between lecturers and students. * The need to for understanding and knowledge to satisfy curiosity, explore, and discover and to find solutions, look for relationships, and seek intellectual challenges. * The postgraduate student needs self-fulfilment, development, and use of potentials. The Nigerian Postgraduate Student and Maslow's Theory Motivation is key to overcoming difficulties and setbacks in the postgraduate level. Postgraduate students must take initiative in seeking resources, assistance, managing time, and forming good reading habits. Postgraduate education must motivate students to serious work. University authorities and other stakeholders in Nigerian postgraduate education systems must consider student needs in the hierarchical order. Priorities should be given to these motivational needs so that postgraduate students can reach their potential. Problems include: * Lack of study time * Poor use of study time * Procrastination * Lack of good study space Postgraduate students also influence motivation through factors such as desire, values, and beliefs that make them act. Postgraduate study is a goal-oriented venture and value is attached to it (Wilkinson 2006). In considering issues such as family relationships, grades, career, aspiration, achievement status, money, and social life, the postgraduate student gradually understands motivational needs. Goals and desires grow from values and beliefs. Motivation is related to commitment. Postgraduate students must be committed to good study habits and staying motivated. Activism and some aspects of social life may have to wait, even if these are part of students' values, beliefs, and pleasures. Maintaining Motivation and Goals Postgraduate students must realize their strengths and weaknesses. Informal assessment of ability should be done, along with reflection on lectures and discussion with lecturers and fellow students. Reading and writing skills should be self-assessed and critiqued. This prevents under-estimation or over- estimation of one's skills and helps in attaining goals. The establishment of both short- and long-term personal goals is crucial. Postgraduate students often aim toward a particular project, degree, graduate program, and professional career. …
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Strategies for coping with weather changes adopted by agriculture teachers and students in Shiselwenie region high schools, Swaziland - Jibowo, A. A.; Simelane, Malangeni Jethro; Dlamini, Bawinile Brenda (2010)
Prolonged weather changes often have deleterious effects on crops, animals and soils. An investigation was conducted to determine the coping strategies adopted by students and teachers of High Schools in Shiselweni Region of Swaziland, to mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects of weather changes. The study tested the hypothesis that there was no significant difference in gender of students, school residential status, science subject combination taken, people with whom students lived, location of school, and observed weather changes, coping strategies for weather changes, and effectiveness of weather information dissemination measures. A validated questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.73 and 0.88 as given by students and staff respectively, was used to collect data from 115 students and 28 teachers of agriculture in 12 schools. Systematic sampling technique with a random start was used to select students from the list of those who were taking agriculture, while all the agriculture teachers in the schools were studied. Findings show that the weather changes which posed important problems included changes in temperature, which resulted in increasing hot days in summer, and more and high heat waves, changes in temperature, and changes in rainfall duration. Important problems which resulted from the weather changes included changes in soil properties, increasing deforestation, changes in location of range and agricultural pests, and high risk of famine, prolonged droughts, increasing deforestation, respiratory diseases, changes in location of range and agricultural pests. Important strategies for coping with weather changes include: proper planning of time table, use of air-conditioners, different styles of teaching, strict rule on wearing of school uniforms, provision of green houses. Some effective information dissemination measures on weather changes included improving accessibility of climate information, and support from established environmental bodies. The ANOVA Fvalues obtained by using students data showed that urban schools disseminated information on weather changes more than semi-urban and rural schools (F = 3.21, P = 0.04). Students who took combined sciences mentioned important strategies in coping with weather changes more than those who took other science subjects (F = 3.33, P = 0.40). Similarly, students who lived with fathers identified more strategies than those who lived with the two parents, mothers, relatives, friends, guardians, or alone (F = 3.33, P = 0.04). In conclusion, respondents identified few weather changes, and coping strategies. Few means of disseminating information on weather changes and coping strategies were effective. It is recommended that education on weather changes, coping strategies, and information dissemination measures on weather changes be intensified in schools and community extension service.
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A Comparison of Students' Achievement in Private and Conventional Public Secondary Schools in Malawi from a Gender Perspective - Kamwendo, Martha (Research in Education, 2010)
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School Attendance in Nigeria: Understanding the Impact and Intersection of Gender, Urban‐Rural Residence, and Socioeconomic Status - Kazeem, Aramidé; Jensen, Leif; Stokes, C. Shannon (Comparative Education Review, 2010)
Previous articleNext article No AccessSchool Attendance in Nigeria: Understanding the Impact and Intersection of Gender, Urban‐Rural Residence, and Socioeconomic StatusAramidé Kazeem, Leif Jensen, and C. Shannon StokesAramidé Kazeem Search for more articles by this author , Leif Jensen Search for more articles by this author , and C. Shannon Stokes Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull TextSupplemental Material Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 54, Number 2May 2010 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/652139 Views: 726Total views on this site Citations: 37Citations are reported from Crossref History © 2010 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Bayode I. Popoola, Funmi Togonu-Bickersteth, Joshua Aransiola, Akinjide Akintomide, Opeyemi Ekundayo Educational Challenges of School-Age Children in Skipped Generation Households in Nigeria, Journal of Family Issues 43, no.99 (Jul 2021): 2295–2316.https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211030738Margaret Ebubedike, Michael Boampong, Kiki James, Hassana Shuaibu, Temitope Yetu Monyeh Inclusive Learning for Children in Northeast Nigeria: Radio School Response During a Global Pandemic, Social Inclusion 10, no.22 (May 2022): 206–216.https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i2.5171Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns, Jeongmin Lee, Chinedu Ohanyido, Kayla Hoyer, Adane Miheretu The Cost-Effectiveness of an Accelerated Learning Program on the Literacy, Numeracy and Social-Emotional Learning Outcomes of Out-of-School Children in Northeast Nigeria: Evidence from a Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 5 (Apr 2022): 1–32.https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2022.2037799Abubakar Abdulkadir, Abdulkadir Saidu Shettima, Ahmad Abdullahi, Fatima Abdulkadir The Challenges of Sustainable Development in Nigeria Amidst the Global Pandemic (COVID-19), Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 10, no.11 (Mar 2022): e0206.https://doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v10i1.206Jessica Dimka, Lisa Sattenspiel “We didn't get much schooling because we were fishing all the time”: Potential impacts of irregular school attendance on the spread of epidemics, American Journal of Human Biology 34, no.11 (Feb 2021).https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23578Richard Adeleke, Opeyemi Alabede Geographical determinants and hotspots of out-of-school children in Nigeria, Open Education Studies 4, no.11 (Oct 2022): 345–355.https://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2022-0176Fernanda Gándara, Anne Laesecke Unpacking the relationship between female teachers and gender gaps in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The critical role of gender-sensitive pedagogy in student attendance and achievement, Social Sciences & Humanities Open 6, no.11 (Jan 2022): 100347.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100347Osita U. Ezenwosu, Ijeoma U. Itanyi, Obiageli E. Nnodu, Amaka G. Ogidi, Fabian Mgbeahurike, Echezona E. Ezeanolue Community based screening for sickle haemoglobin among pregnant women in Benue State, Nigeria: I-Care-to-Know, a Healthy Beginning Initiative, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 21, no.11 (Jul 2021).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03974-4Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Anita De Bellis, Wendy Abigail, Ann Harrington, Amber Fletcher “When I suffer from fever, I eat mangos.” Determinants of health-seeking beliefs and behaviors of rural older women in Sylhet, Bangladesh, Journal of Women & Aging 75 (Nov 2021): 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2021.1996195James Etim Gender Disparities in Primary and Secondary School Enrollment and Attainment in Nigeria, (Jan 2021): 125–143.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3814-2.ch007Obiageri Bridget Azubuike, Oyindamola Adegboye, Habeeb Quadri Who gets to learn in a pandemic? Exploring the digital divide in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, International Journal of Educational Research Open 2 (Jan 2021): 100022.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100022Caroline Bena Kuno, Sascha Hein, Leslie Frankel, Han Joe Kim Children's schooling status: Household and individual factors associated with school enrollment, non-enrollment and dropping out among Ugandan children, International Journal of Educational Research Open 2 (Jan 2021): 100033.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100033Cyprian Amutabi, Martha Nyantiop Agoot, Bronwyn Frances Ewing Determinants of disparities in primary school enrolment in South Sudan, Cogent Education 8, no.11 (Oct 2021).https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1989996Naomi C. A. Juliana, Meghan J. M. Suiters, Salwan Al-Nasiry, Servaas A. Morré, Remco P. H. Peters, Elena Ambrosino The Association Between Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis, Bacterial Vaginosis, and Aerobic Vaginitis, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Frontiers in Public Health 8 (Dec 2020).https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.567885John Adebayo Oyedepo, Oluwakemi Titilayo Irekhore, Kazeem Olajide Bello, Olalekan Jacob Olaoye, Adebukunola O. Lala, Elizabeth O. A. Oluwalana, Elizabeth Omolola Oyedepo, Akinwumi M. Omotayo Livelihood Support Programmes for Sustainable Development Goals in Rural Nigeria, (Sep 2019): 155–168.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26157-3_13Clement Fumbo, Modestus Adimekwe, Hans-Georg Ziebertz Right to Education in Tanzania and Nigeria: A Comparative Study, (Mar 2020): 193–233.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30934-3_8Christopher I. Esezobor, Adaobi U. Solarin, Andrew T. Olagunju Significant Burden and Psychological Distress Among Caregivers of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study, Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (Jan 2020): 205435811989801.https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358119898016ChidimmaB Nwatu, EkenechukwuE Young, BelonwuM Onyenekwe, ChiomaH Ezike, EjioforT Ugwu, PatrickC Obi Association of short sleep duration with cardiometabolic risk factors in a population of rural Nigerian women: A cross-sectional study, International Journal of Medicine and Health Development 25, no.22 (Jan 2020): 120.https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_17_20Sabal Sharma, David Levinson Travel cost and dropout from secondary schools in Nepal, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 130 (Dec 2019): 385–397.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.09.010Anna N Chard, Joshua V Garn, Howard H Chang, Thomas Clasen, Matthew C Freeman Impact of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention on school absence, diarrhea, respiratory infection, and soil-transmitted helminths: results from the WASH HELPS cluster-randomized trial, Journal of Global Health 9, no.22 (Dec 2019).https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.020402Judith D. Akwo, Akwa E. Erim, Valentine C. Ikamaise, Bassey Archibong, Ernest U. Ekpo Transforming Screening Uptake in Low-resource and Underinformed Populations: A Preliminary Study of Factors Influencing Women's Decisions to Uptake Screening, Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences (Mar 2019).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2019.02.003Joseph P. Sheehan, Sintayehu Gebresillasie, Ayalew Shiferaw, Solomon Aragie, Zerihun Tadesse, Demelash Tadesse, Thanapong Somkijrungroj, Nicole E. Stoller, E. Kelly Callahan, Paul M. Emerson, Thomas M. Lietman, Jeremy D. Keenan School-Based versus Community-Based Sampling for Trachoma Surveillance, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99, no.11 (Jul 2018): 150–154.https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0904Aramide Kazeem, John M. Musalia Orphanhood and School Attendance in Nigeria: Do Gender and Household Income Matter?, Sociological Focus 51, no.11 (Aug 2017): 31–51.https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2017.1341238Kyle McNabb , Education Economics 26, no.55 ( 2018): 534.https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1426732Clifford Odimegwu, Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun, Joshua Akinyemi Gender Differences in the Effect of Family Structure on Educational Outcomes Among Nigerian Youth, SAGE Open 7, no.44 (Nov 2017): 215824401773994.https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017739948Sangeetha Madhavan, Tyler Myroniuk, Randall Kuhn, Mark Collinson Household structure vs. composition: Understanding gendered effects on educational progress in rural South Africa, Demographic Research 37 (Dec 2017): 1891–1916.https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.59Clive Harber Who Goes to School in Africa?, (Jul 2017): 31–52.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57382-3_3Zeinab M. Monir, Ebtissam M. Salah El-Din, Inas R. El-Alameey, Gamal A. Yamamah, Hala S. Megahed, Samar M. Salem, Tarek S. Ibrahim Academic Achievement and Psychosocial Profile of Egyptian Primary School Children in South Sinai, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no.44 (Oct 2016): 624–629.https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.111Marcin Stonawski, Michaela Potančoková, Matthew Cantele, Vegard Skirbekk The changing religious composition of Nigeria: causes and implications of demographic divergence, The Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no.33 (Jul 2016): 361–387.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X16000409Mamusu Kamanda, Nyovani Madise, Sylke Schnepf Does living in a community with more educated mothers enhance children's school attendance? Evidence from Sierra Leone, International Journal of Educational Development 46 (Jan 2016): 114–124.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.09.008Mathias Kuépié, David Shapiro, Michel Tenikue Access to Schooling and Staying in School in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries , African Development Review 27, no.44 (Dec 2015): 403–414.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12156Timothy D. Baird Conservation implications of the diffusion of Christian religious ideals in rural Africa, Population and Environment 36, no.44 (Oct 2014): 373–399.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-014-0222-3Marcos Delprato, Ricardo Sabates A multilevel analysis of late entry in Nigeria, International Journal of Research & Method in Education 38, no.11 (Apr 2014): 83–99.https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727X.2014.903917Johan Nordensvard Gender and education policy in Ghana: The impact of informal citizenship and informal labour markets on the formal education of girls, Women's Studies International Forum 47 (Nov 2014): 278–286.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.12.010Manos Antoninis Tackling the Largest Global Education Challenge? Secular and Religious Education in Northern Nigeria, World Development 59 (Jul 2014): 82–92.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.017Robert Dreibelbis, Leslie E. Greene, Matthew C. Freeman, Shadi Saboori, Rachel P. Chase, Richard Rheingans Water, sanitation, and primary school attendance: A multi-level assessment of determinants of household-reported absence in Kenya, International Journal of Educational Development 33, no.55 (Sep 2013): 457–465.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.07.002Zachary Christensen, Dustin Homer, Daniel L. Nielson Dodging Adverse Selection: How Donor Type and Governance Condition Aid’s Effects on School Enrollment, World Development 39, no.1111 (Nov 2011): 2044–2053.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.018
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Motivation of teachers and academic performance of learners in selected schools of Makindye division, Kampala district, Uganda - Kigoye, Richard Wampamba (2010)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Education of Kampala International University
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Impact of climate change on carbon pools variation in cultivated Alfisols and on CO2 emissions: performance and application of the Rothamsted carbon model in Togo - Kintché, Kokou; Guibert, Hervé; Tittonell, Pablo; Sogbedji, Jean Mianikpo; Lévêque, Jean; Bonfoh, Bèdibètè; Pocanam, Yentchambré (EGUGA, 2010)
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Rural practice preferences among medical students in Ghana: a discrete choice experiment - Kruk, Margaret E; Johnson, Jennifer; Gyakobo, Mawuli; Agyei‐Baffour, Peter; Asabir, Kwesi; Kotha, S Rani; Kwansah, Janet; Nakua, Emmanuel Kweku; Snow, Rachel; Dzodzomenyo, Mawuli (Bulletin of the World Health Organization (Print), 2010)
To determine how specific job attributes influenced fourth year medical students' stated preference for hypothetical rural job postings in Ghana.Based on discussions with medical student focus groups and physicians in practice and in the Ministry of Health, we created a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that assessed how students' stated preference for certain rural postings was influenced by various job attributes: a higher salary, free superior housing, an educational allowance for children, improved equipment, supportive management, shorter contracts before study leave and a car. We conducted the DCE among all fourth year medical students in Ghana using a brief structured questionnaire and used mixed logit models to estimate the utility of each job attribute.Complete data for DCE analysis were available for 302 of 310 (97%) students. All attribute parameter estimates differed significantly from zero and had the expected signs. In the main effects mixed logit model, improved equipment and supportive management were most strongly associated with job preference (beta = 1.42; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.17 to 1.66, and beta = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.39, respectively), although shorter contracts and salary bonuses were also associated. Discontinuing the provision of basic housing had a large negative influence (beta = -1.59; 95% CI: -1.88 to -1.31). In models including gender interaction terms, women's preferences were more influenced by supportive management and men's preferences by superior housing.Better working conditions were strongly associated with the stated choice of hypothetical rural postings among fourth year Ghanaian medical students. Studies are needed to find out whether job attributes determine the actual uptake of rural jobs by graduating physicians.
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Comparing Knee Flexion-Extension Ratios between South African Rugby and Soccer Players and University Students - Lategan, L. (Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010)
PURPOSE: Hamstring muscle and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries make up a large percentage of the injuries sustained in sport. Hamstring muscle weakness and knee flexor-extensor imbalances are two of the possible confounding risk factors for both of these injuries. The aim was to investigate the knee flexion-extension ratios between rugby, soccer and university students in South Africa. METHODS: Forty six male rugby players, 26 male soccer players and 17 male university students took part in the study. After obtaining informed consent they underwent isokinetic testing. They performed concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) at 60°/s. The torque values were corrected for the effects of gravity and the highest repetition was used for analysis. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed and significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between all three groups in terms of the ECC KF/CON KE ratio. The rugby players displayed the largest ratio with 81.8% (±17.3), followed by the soccer players with 73.0% (±15.6) and the university students with 62.0% (±14.4). CONCLUSIONS: Male rugby and soccer players display different KF/KE ratios and these ratios also differ from that of male university students not involved in these two sports. These high KF/KE ratios compared to university students, may protect players from suffering hamstring and (ACL) injuries.
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The impact of climate change on the frequency of droughty and wet weather patterns in the Volta basin of West Africa - Laux, Patrick; Kunstmann, Harald; Bàrdossy, András (EGUGA, 2010)
In this paper, the frequencies of droughty and wet weather patterns are investigated. For this reason, a multi objective fuzzy rule based classification method has been applied. This classification conditions daily rainfall time series to large-scale atmospheric weather patterns. First, weather patterns within the sector 40◦W10◦S to 30◦E60◦N, which are significantly linked to past (19611990) droughty and wet weather situation of 5 different regions within the Volta basin, are identified. Therefore, several meteorological predictor variables of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set have been tested towards usability. The occurrence frequencies of the extreme weather patterns are analyzed at inter-annual and decadal time scale using the best performing predictor variable for each region. Second, frequency distribution of extreme weather patterns of the 1961-1990 period is compared to the 2011-2040 period. The analysis of the future time slice has been conducted using the A1B driven ECHAM5 data set. The impact of climate change on the frequency change of droughty and wet circulation patterns is presented and discussed.
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Features of integrated professional training for physically disabled people in a community-based rehabilitation programme in the rural and urban areas of Congo - Lutala, MP; Masika, VP; Kasereka, MC; Kasagila, EK (South African Family Practice, 2010)
AbstractBackground: The rehabilitation of physically disabled people has been explored from the perspectives of patients, health professionals, rehabilitation agencies, etc. However, no study has linked disability types, training programmes and career prospects. In this study, we therefore evaluated the professional integration of trained disabled people.Methods: This retrospective survey included all physically disabled people admitted to two rehabilitation centres in Congo between 1996 and 2005. Data collection used registers from two units, the medical unit and the rehabilitation unit, to obtain information on age, sex, disability type, follow-up training, present living activity and field of training. We defined ‘professional integration’ as being when the current profession matched the training received at the rehabilitation centre.Results: The percentage of participants with integrated training was 96.8% (95% CI; 92.1–98.7%). In the urban setting, 6.7% (95% CI; 2.6–16.1%) of the trainees were not integrated, while all were integrated in the rural setting. Trainees aged between 16 and 25 years and those 51 + years represented 12.5% (95% CI; 4.9–28%) and 50% (95% CI; 25.3–74.6%) of the non-integrated cases respectively. Paralysis from poliomyelitis was the most common [62.9% (95% CI; 54.3–70.8%)] disability, and the non-integrated participants included people with poliomyelitis [1.2% (95% CI; 0.2–6.7%)], general paralysis [10.5% (95% CI; 2.9–31.3%)] and sight disorders [50% (95% CI; 9.4–90.5%)]. Tailoring was the main field of training [57.4% (95% CI; 48.7–65.7%)], and high numbers of participants with non-integrated training worked in tailoring, shoe making, welding and computer repair.Conclusions: Despite a high rate of integration in Congo, professional training and subsequent integration would still benefit from a comprehensive approach that considers the type of disability, training and socio-demographic features. Further studies targeting alumni from the training programmes and their ongoing assessment are warranted.Keywords: trainingphysical impairmenttraining integrationcommunity-based rehabilitationCongoDRC
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Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Egypt: Progression despite Handicaps - Mahmoud, Khaled; Sheashaa, Hussein; Gheith, Osama; Wafa, Ehab W.; Agroudy, Amgad E. El; Sabry, Alaa; Abbas, Tarek M.; Hamdy, Ahmed; Rashad, Rashad H.; Sobh, Mohamed (Peritoneal Dialysis International, 2010)
♦ Background Despite the well-known advantages of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), it continues to be grossly underutilized in many developing countries. However, some developing countries, such as Mexico, use the modality very effectively. In view of this, we started the first CAPD program in Egypt. ♦ Methods Since its start in 1997, our program has treated 33 patients. Straight double-cuffed Tenckhoff catheters were surgically placed in all patients. Twin-bag systems were used. All patients underwent monthly clinical and biochemical assessment and measurement of Kt/V urea. Peritonitis and exit-site infection rates were monitored. ♦ Results Most treated patients were adult and female. Mean age was 31.7 years and mean follow-up duration was 18 months. Peritonitis rate was 1 episode /21.3 months and was easily managed in most patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism (24%) but 49% of cases were culture negative. There were no exit-site infections. Mean weekly Kt/V urea was 1.78 ± 0.23. ♦ Conclusion We report the successful development of a small CAPD program in Egypt, made possible by well-established financial support, a motivated team of doctors and nurses, and good patient selection and training.
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Climate change and land-use change impact on Western African river basins - Mariotti, Laura; Coppola, Erika; Giorgi, Filippo (EGUGA, 2010)
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Thirty-month quasi-experimental evaluation follow-up of a national primary school HIV intervention in Kenya - Maticka‐Tyndale, Eleanor; Wildish, Janet; Gichuru, Mary (Sex Education:Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2010)
School-based programmes to combat the spread of HIV have been demonstrated to be effective over the short-term (i.e. 6–24 months), but few studies have addressed the sustainability of such interventions. Primary School Action for Better Health (PSABH) is an intervention delivered in upper primary-school grades in Kenya using regular classroom subjects and co-curricular activities. This paper reports results of an evaluation to assess the sustainability of PSABH and its impacts three years after teachers were trained in its delivery. Twenty primary schools participated in a pre-post evaluation of PSABH in Kenya over three consecutive school years. Surveys were completed by teachers (n = 40), pupils (n = 3403), and Quality Assurance Officers (n = 15); focus groups were held with pupils, and in-depth interviews with teachers. Teachers continued to deliver programme components three years after they were trained. Gains demonstrated in pupil knowledge, attitudes and risk-reducing sexual behaviours after one-and-a-half years of programme implementation were replicated in the third year of the intervention with additional gains in attitudes related to condoms and girls' reported use of condoms. These results support the conclusion that PSABH and its impact on student knowledge, attitudes and behaviour is sustainable across at least three school years and three student cohorts.
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The transpressive tectonics and large earthquake distribution along the plate boundary in North Africa - Meghraoui, Mustapha; Pondrelli, Silvia (EGUGA, 2010)
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Vulnerability assessment and risk level of ecosystem services for climate change impacts and adaptation in the High-Atlas mountain of Morocco - Messouli, Mohammed; Bounoua, Lahouari; Babqiqi, Abdelaziz; Salem, Abdelkrim Ben; Yacoubi-Khebiza, Mohammed (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
(1) UCAM & CDRT, Biology LHEA, Marrakech, Morocco (messouli@gmail.com, +212 524437412), (2) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Biopsheric Sciences Branch Code 614.4, USA (lahouari.Bounoua@nasa.gov ), (3) National Meteorology Authority (DMN) Casablanca Morocco (babqiqi@gmail.com), (4) UCAM, Biology LHEA, Marrakech, Morocco (bensalem@gmail.com), (5) UCAM, Biology LHEA, Marrakech, Morocco (yacoubi@ucam.ac.ma)
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Economic and distributional impacts of climate change: The case of Ethiopia - Mideksa, Torben K. (Global environmental change, 2010)
Climate change is likely to harm developing economies that generate major portion of their GDP from climate sensitive sectors. This paper computes economy-wide impact of climate change and its distributional consequence with the help of a sector wise disaggregated general equilibrium model using Ethiopia as a case. The projected climate shock reduces output in the sector with the strongest forward and backward linkage to the rest of the economy and redistributes income by changing the returns to inputs owned by various agents. The results suggest that climate change will make the prospect of economic development harder in at least two ways: first, by reducing agricultural production and output in the sectors linked to the agricultural sector, which is likely to reduce Ethiopia's GDP by about 10% from its benchmark level; and second, by raising the degree of income inequality in which the Gini-coefficient increases by 20%, which is likely to further decrease economic growth and fuel poverty. Thus, climate change is expected to increase the fraction of people in poverty by reducing the size of the total pie and redistributing it more unevenly.
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Household characteristics and delayed school enrollment in Malawi - Moyi, Peter (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
Malawi was the first country after the Jomtien conference to offer free primary education. Despite this policy, universal education has remained elusive. Many children do enroll in school, but not at the official/recommended age and drop out before completing school. Understanding these transition points – entry and completion – is critical to the achievement of universal education. This paper focuses on one of these transition points – entry. Since households determine the timing and duration of schooling, this study examines 3290 households to explore the characteristics associated with delayed school enrollment. The study finds that the survival of the mother, female headship, and the head's level of education, are associated with a lower probability of delayed enrollment.
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Pre-primary education in Tanzania: Observations from urban and rural classrooms - Mtahabwa, Lyabwene; Rao, Nirmala (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
This study examined the relationship between pre-primary educational policy and actual practice in Tanzania. Policy relevant to pre-primary education was analyzed and 15 pre-primary lessons from two urban and two rural schools were videotaped. Although the national educational policy specifies the same standards for pre-primary education regardless of location, there were considerable differences across schools. Compared to urban classes, rural ones had considerably less space, larger group sizes, less favorable teacher/pupil ratios, fewer instructional resources and less qualified teachers. Teacher professional qualifications appeared to influence the quality of classroom interaction more than the physical setting and resources.
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An Analysis of Dropout Rate among Secondary School Student in Delta State, Nigeria (1999-2005) - Nakpodia, E. D. (Journal of Social Sciences, 2010)
AbstractThe focus of this study was to analyze the rate of dropout among secondary school students in Delta State between 1999-2005. Its objective was to establish the magnitude of occurrence. It was a survey study based on an ex-post facto design. Two research questions were raised and answered. The population of the study consisted of all the students enrolled into the 260 public secondary schools in Delta State who could not complete their course of study before leaving school. The sample of 120 students who were withdrawn from secondary schools were randomly selected from the 25 Local Government Areas of Delta State. The instrument used in gathering data comprisd a structured questionnaire and checklist. Data were analyzed using frequency, statistical mean and percentages. It was found in the study that the students dropping out of school was a common phenomenon in all the State’s secondary schools. The rate of dropouts was higher among male students than female students.Key Words: StudentsLeft OutSecondary SchoolsNigeria
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An Environmental Intervention to Prevent Excess Weight Gain in African-American Students: A Pilot Study - Newton, Robert L.; Han, Hongmei; Anton, Stephen D.; Martin, Corby K.; Stewart, Tiffany M.; Lewis, Leslie Edward; Champagne, Catherine M.; Sothern, Melinda; Ryan, Donna H.; Williamson, Donald A. (American Journal of Health Promotion, 2010)
Purpose. To examine the influence of an environmental intervention to prevent excess weight gain in African-American children. Design. Single-group repeated measures. Setting. The intervention was delivered to a school composed of African-American children. Participants. Approximately 45% (N = 77) of enrolled second through sixth grade students. Intervention. The 18-month intervention was designed to alter the school environment to prevent excess weight gain by making healthier eating choices and physical activity opportunities more available. Measures. Body mass index percentile was the primary outcome variable. Body mass index z score was also calculated, and percent body fat, using bioelectrical impedance, was also measured. Total caloric intake (kilocalories) and percent kilocalories from fat, carbohydrate, and protein were measured by digital photography. Minutes of physical activity and sedentary behavior were self-reported. Analysis. Mixed-models analysis was used with covarying baseline values. Results. Boys maintained, whereas girls increased, percent body fat over 18 months (p = .027). All children decreased percent of kilocalories consumed from total and saturated fat and increased carbohydrate intake and self-reported physical activity during the intervention (p < .025). Body mass index z score, sedentary behavior, and total caloric intake were unchanged. Conclusion. The program may have resulted in maintenance of percent body fat in boys. The percent body fat in girls steadily increased, despite similar behavioral changes as boys. School-based interventions targeting African-American children should investigate strategies that can be effective across gender.
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Phreatomagmatic deposits and stratigraphic reconstruction at Debunscha Maar (Mt Cameroon volcano) - Ngwa, Caroline Neh; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel; Devey, Colin W. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2010)
The Debunscha Maar (DM) is located on the southwest flank of Mount Cameroon, an active stratovolcano on the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL). Here, we present the physical characteristics of the pyroclastic deposits at DM with the aim of deciphering tephra emplacement mechanisms, evolution of water–magma interaction and reconstructing the stratigraphy beneath the maar. From GPS measurements, the crater has long and short axes of 500 m and 320 m, respectively. Generally, the pyroclastic deposits are well stratified and present a variety of depositional bed forms including structureless/massive beds, massive beds with faint internal stratifications, inversely graded beds, lens- shaped units, impact sags, cross lamination, planar beds as well as dune-like beds. Clast sizes include ash, lapilli-tuff, bombs and blocks (pyroclastic breccia), with clast lithologies consisting of entrained lithics of porous ankaramite pillow lavas, lithified sediments (sandstone and shale) and juvenile material. The porous ankaramite pillow lavas have glassy margins and vesicle zonations typical of pillow lavas formed by subaqueous eruption. The pillow fragments are more common in early-formed eruption products at the base of the deposit. The lithified sandstones show planar laminations and together with the shales occur predominantly in stratigraphic positions above the ankaramite pillow lavas. The juvenile materials include basaltic bombs with low vesicularity (b15%) and moderate vesicularity (15–50%). The bombs have chilled surfaces and their abundance increases towards the top of the deposit. The presence of accretionary lapilli, fragments of country-rock and juvenile clasts with ragged surfaces as well as curved and chilled margins, is unambiguous evidence in support of phreatomagmatic activity. Of the observed lithic clasts, only the pillow lavas would appear to have the porosity necessary to furnish the required amount of water to feed the phreatomagmatic maar eruption. The clast stratigraphy suggests that the maar is underlain by ankaramite pillow lava that erupted on a consolidated sedimentary substratum. Studying deposits resulting from maar eruptions has a direct implication for hazards assessment at areas of active maar volcanism because many surface processes occur around such volcanoes well after the eruptive activities have stopped.
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MEASURING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M.; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (Climate Change Economics, 2010)
This study measured the economic impacts of climate change on crop and livestock farming in Africa based on a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farming households from 11 countries in east, west, north and southern Africa. The response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across various farm types and systems in Africa to changes in climate normals (i.e. mean rainfall and temperature) is analysed. The analyses controlled for effects of key socioeconomic, technology, soil and hydrological factors influencing agricultural production. Results show that net farm revenues are in general negatively affected by warmer and drier climates. The small-scale mixed crop and livestock system predominantly typical in Africa is the most tolerant whereas specialized crop production is the most vulnerable to warming and lower rainfall. These results have important policy implications, especially for the suitability of the increasing tendency toward large-scale mono-cropping strategies for agricultural development in Africa and other parts of the developing world in light of expected climate changes. Mixed crop and livestock farming and irrigation offered better adaptation options for farmers against further warming and drying predicted under various future climate scenarios.
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Measuring the Economic Impact of Climate Change on African Agricultural Production Systems - Nhemachena, Charles; Hassan, Rashid M.; Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
This study measured the economic impacts of climate change on crop and livestock farming in Africa based on a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farming households from 11 countries in east, west, north and southern Africa. The response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across various farm types and systems in Africa to changes in climate normals (i.e. mean rainfall and temperature) is analysed. The analyses controlled for effects of key socioeconomic, technology, soil and hydrological factors influencing agricultural production. Results show that net farm revenues are in general negatively affected by warmer and drier climates. The small-scale mixed crop and livestock system predominantly typical in Africa is the most tolerant whereas specialized crop production is the most vulnerable to warming and lower rainfall. These results have important policy implications, especially for the suitability of the increasing tendency toward large-scale mono-cropping strategies for agricultural development in Africa and other parts of the developing world in light of expected climate changes. Mixed crop and livestock farming and irrigation offered better adaptation options for farmers against further warming and drying predicted under various future climate scenarios.
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Schools as Agencies of Protection in Namibia and Swaziland: Can They Prevent Dropout and Child Labor in the Context of HIV/AIDS and Poverty? - Nordtveit, Bjorn Harald (Comparative Education Review, 2010)
Previous articleNext article No AccessSchools as Agencies of Protection in Namibia and Swaziland: Can They Prevent Dropout and Child Labor in the Context of HIV/AIDS and Poverty?Bjorn Harald NordtveitBjorn Harald Nordtveit Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 54, Number 2May 2010 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/651261 Views: 219Total views on this site Citations: 18Citations are reported from Crossref History February 16, 2010 © 2010 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Samuel Kizito, Josephine Nabayinda, Joshua Kiyingi, Torsten B. Neilands, Flavia Namuwonge, Phionah Namatovu, Proscovia Nabunya, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Vicent Ssentumbwe, Natasja Magorokosho, Fred M. Ssewamala The Impact of an Economic Strengthening Intervention on Academic Achievement Among Adolescents Living with HIV: Findings from the Suubi + Adherence Cluster-Randomized Trial in Uganda (2012–2018), AIDS and Behavior 27, no.33 (Sep 2022): 1013–1023.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03838-8Marina Mensi, Alain Ahishakiye, Katharine Journeay, Roberto Baiocco, Theresa Stichick Betancourt, Giacomo M. Paganotti HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Systematic Review on Psychological Well-Being and Association with School Performances in Africa, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no.33 (Jan 2023): 2499.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032499Rashmi Kumari Production of ‘Safe’ Spaces for Adivasi Children and the Armed Conflict of Bastar, India, (Sep 2021): 203–222.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74788-6_11Frederik Brainin, Klara Merrild, Vivian Rueskov, Morten Skovdal ‘You need to know in order to help’: how HIV-related stigma obstructs pastoral care in Kenyan primary schools, Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 15, no.22 (Sep 2019): 171–178.https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1668582Donald Skinner, Carla Sharp, Lochner Marais, Motsaathebe Serekoane, Molefi Lenka A qualitative study on teachers’ perceptions of their learners’ mental health problems in a disadvantaged community in South Africa, Curationis 42, no.11 (Nov 2019).https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1903James Underwood, Thanh Truong Conceptualising Teachers’ Knowledge when Crossing National Boundaries, Polish Journal of Educational Studies 72, no.11 (Apr 2020): 145–161.https://doi.org/10.2478/poljes-2019-0010Ncamsile Daphne Motsa, Pholoho Justice Morojele High Aspirations Amidst Challenging Situations: Narratives of Six Vulnerable Primary School Children in Swaziland, Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no.55 (Aug 2017): 797–811.https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909617727555Teklu Abate Bekele Chapter 17: Context in Comparative and International Education Studies, (Jan 2018): 275–299.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920180000034022Ncamsile Daphne Motsa Researcher identity and childhood memories in a study of vulnerable children in Swaziland, African Identities 15, no.44 (Apr 2017): 441–456.https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2017.1319756Morten Skovdal, Ruth Evans The emergence of an ethic of care in rural Kenyan schools? Perspectives of teachers and orphaned and vulnerable pupils, Children's Geographies 15, no.22 (Aug 2016): 160–176.https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1214236Bjorn H. Nordtveit Teaching in Adversity, (Apr 2016): 195–207.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25651-1_10Bjorn H. Nordtveit Discourses of Childhood, (Apr 2016): 37–59.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25651-1_3Catherine Campbell, Louise Andersen, Alice Mutsikiwa, Erica Pufall, Morten Skovdal, Claudius Madanhire, Connie Nyamukapa, Simon Gregson Factors shaping the HIV-competence of two primary schools in rural Zimbabwe, International Journal of Educational Development 41 (Mar 2015): 226–236.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2014.05.007Morten Skovdal, Catherine Campbell Beyond education: What role can schools play in the support and protection of children in extreme settings?, International Journal of Educational Development 41 (Mar 2015): 175–183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.02.005Sigbjørn Solli Ljung How the Social Context of Five Former Namibian Street Boys has Conditioned their Experience with Schooling, (Jan 2015): 145–161.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-196-0_10Erica L. Pufall, Simon Gregson, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Tidings Masoka, Edith Mpandaguta, Louise Andersen, Morten Skovdal, Constance Nyamukapa, Catherine Campbell The contribution of schools to supporting the well being of children affected by HIV in eastern Zimbabwe, AIDS 28, no.Supplement 3Supplement 3 (Jul 2014): S379–S387.https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000339Bjorn Harald Nordtveit Discourses of education, protection, and child labor: case studies of Benin, Namibia and Swaziland, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 31, no.55 (Dec 2010): 699–712.https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2010.516954Diane Brook Napier African socialism, post-colonial development, and education: Change and continuity in the post-socialist era, (Mar 2015): 369–399.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2010)0000014017
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Do principal-educators have the ability to transform schools?: A South African perspective - November, Ivan; Alexander, Gregory; Wyk, Micheal M. van (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010)
Post-1994 South Africa adopted a new education system that would seemingly break with the past practices of the apartheid education system (Naicker, 1999) and produce citizens prepared for a democratic dispensation in South Africa. Accordingly, the new system of outcomes-based education was introduced in order to create the critical mass needed for the transformation of society. Thus, schools would become the sites where democratic practices for democratic citizenship would be fostered. Government duly promulgated the applicable policy documents (National Education Policy Act, 1996, South African Schools Act, 1996). Our contention is that, despite the fact that education legislation paved the way for thinking differently about education in South Africa, principal-educators are not necessarily imbued with the ideals/virtues of democratic practices needed to empower them to engage in reflective democratic practices within a school context. We argue that the virtues of democracy must be learned through practising democracy. Many principal-educators, who were principals and educators pre-1994, as well as others, who qualified thereafter, may not have acquired any knowledge of the virtues of democracy, or having done so, may not be practising them. The authorities seem to assume that principal-educators are naturally imbued with the knowledge of the virtues of democracy and are able to put these virtues into practice.
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Impacts of direct human activity and climate change on north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over 140 years - Nyssen, Jan; Frankl, Amaury; Haile, Mitiku; Hurni, Hans; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Ritler, Alfons; Crummey, Donald; Nievergelt, Bernhard; Moeyersons, J; Munro, Neil; Portner, Brigitte; Deckers, Jozef; et al. (The EGU General Assembly, 2010)
(1) Ghent University, Department of Geography, Gent, Belgium (jan.nyssen@ugent.be), (2) Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, (3) Department of Geography, University of Berne, Switzerland, (4) International Water Management Institute/International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, (5) Department of History, University of Illinois, United States of America, (6) Institute of Zoology, Zurich University, Switzerland, (7) Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, (8) Old Abbey Associates, Dirleton, Scotland, U.K., (9) Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KULeuven, Belgium, (10) Earth Sciences Institute, University Ferrara, Italy
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Changing climates changing lives: adaptation strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia and Mali - Næss, Lars Otto; Sullivan, M. F.; Khinmaung, Jo; Crahay, P.; Otzelberger, Agnes (2010)
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Comparative education in primary teacher education in Ireland and South Africa - O’Sullivan, Margo C.; Wolhuter, Charl C.; Maarman, R. F. (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2010)
Comparative Education as a subject or course on teacher education curricula mainly continues to be taught in Ireland, some African and East European countries and a few colleges in Ireland, the UK and several universities in the USA, Canada, Western Europe, Latin America and Australia. This research compares Irish and South African students' experiences of their Comparative Education courses. The article commences with a survey of literature on the position of Comparative Education in teacher education, a portrayal of the contextual background of South Africa and of Ireland, and a brief synopsis of the pre-course survey of students' expectations, upon which this study builds. Subsequently the research method is explained and the results presented. Three findings emerged from this study. The first is the valuable role of Comparative Education in teacher education. The second is the role of contextual factors in determining the significance of Comparative Education in teacher education. Thirdly, the centrality of clients (i.e. students) is critical to the future of Comparative Education in teacher education.
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On-farm evaluation of drought tolerant maize varieties and hybrids in the southern Guinea savanna zones of Nigeria - Ogunlade, I.; Olaoye, G.; Tologbonse, D.; Ayinde, Opeyemi Eyitayo (2010)
Drought is one of the major factors affecting maize production most especially in the Southern Guinea Savanna Zones of Nigeria. Scientists working on maize research have demonstrated the ability of local farmers to double maize yield through drought resistant varieties and agronomic practices. This study was evaluated on farm trial of Drought Tolerant (DT) maize varieties and hybrids in the Southern Guinea Savanna Zones of Nigeria. Mother-baby trial approach was used for the study. The mother-plot consists of eight DT varieties planted at each of the central locations of Bida and Ilorin headquarters of Agricultural Development Project (ADP), of Niger and Kwara States respectively. The farmers fields scattered around each of the central locations made up the baby trials. Socio-economic data were obtained from participating farmers through structured questionnaire. The results show that four of the DT maize varieties had higher gross margins than the farmers local varieties. The farmers were satisfied with the technology characteristic such ease operation, maturity days, grain yield, and inputs requirements. They preferred the grain size and grain color of DT varieties to the local variety; inadequate supply of fertilizer for production, and unavailability of seed were the major constraints. The paper concluded that four of the DT varieties were better than the farmers local variety. It was recommended that the four hybrid maize varieties with higher gross margin be multiplied and disseminated to farmers in order to boost production during the drought period.
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Free Primary Education and After in Kenya: Enrolment Impact, Quality Effects, and the Transition to Secondary School - Oketch, Moses; Somerset, Anthony (2010)
Based on case-study data from a small group of Kenya primary schools, this paper first examines local-level variations in the impact of the 2003 Free Primary Education programme. The effects varied widely: in two ‘high-impact’ schools, intakes more than doubled; while in several others, effects were negligible, either because local demand was already fully met, or in two cases because the schools had erected barriers to increased enrolment (the ‘high-barrier’ schools). A second section enquires into secondary-school transition patterns among the graduates from the case-study schools. Although overall transition rates were high, there were wide variations in the type of secondary school entered; and these in turn had massive consequences for the leavers’ chances of ultimately qualifying for access to university. The policy implications of these findings are discussed in a final section.
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Free Primary Education and after in Kenya: Enrolment Impact, Quality Effects, and the Transition to Secondary School. Research Monograph No. 37. - Oketch, Moses; Somerset, Anthony (2010)
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Public investment and the goal of providing universal access to primary education by 2015 in Kenya - Omwami, Edith Mukudi; Omwami, Raymond K. (International journal of educational development, 2010)
Abstract The authors use population census data to project school enrolment for Kenya. They also employ current education sector budget and national revenue base statistics to model the sector budget and to forecast the revenue base growth required to sustain universal primary education (UPE). The 2003 fiscal year unit cost of education is used as the base value for computing the budget needed to fund UPE through 2015, the year by which the international community aims to achieve UPE. The authors apply econometric analysis in exploring the policy implications for the education sector budget and capacity for revenue generation that would support the budgetary growth needed.
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Screening for Ophthalmic Disorders and Visual Impairment in a Nigerian School for the Deaf - Onakpoya, Oluwatoyin Helen; Omotoye, Olusola Joseph (European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010)
To detect the presence of ophthalmic abnormalities and visual impairment in deaf students.A cross-sectional survey of all students in the school for the deaf was conducted following ethical clearance from the Ministry of Health. Age, sex, and previous eye examination was recorded for each student as well as visual acuity, penlight eye examination, intraocular pressure, dilated funduscopy, and refraction (when applicable). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 11 and statistical significance inferred at p<0.05.The 156 (100%) students at the school for the deaf with age range 6-25 years, mean +/- standard deviation of 15.6+/-3.3 years, and modal age of 14 years were studied. A total of 110 (70.5%) had no previous eye examination, 2 (1.3%) students were blind, 5 (3.2%) were visually impaired, 4 (2.6%) had unilateral visual impairment, and 4 (2.6%) had unilateral blindness. Blindness was caused by Usher syndrome in 1 (50%) and bilateral pigmented macular scar in 1 (50%) patient. Uncorrected refractive errors were the leading cause of unilateral visual impairment (75%), visual impairment (60%), and unilateral blindness (50%). Ocular abnormality was present in 53 (34%) students while uncorrected refractive error (18.6%), retina changes (7%), and allergic conjunctivitis (3.8%) were the leading disorders. Previous eye examination was more common among primary school students (p<0.0001) and students with ocular abnormalities (p=0.046).Institutions for deaf children should be aware of the high prevalence of ophthalmic disorders and the importance of vision to development of a deaf child, and conduct an initial and periodic eye examination for every intake.
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The Influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Teacher Education and Professional Development in Delta State, Nigeria - Osakwe, N.R. (Asian Journal of Information Technology, 2010)
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Falls from heights: Epidemiology and pattern of injury at the accident and emergency centre of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital - Osifo, OD; Iribhogbe, Pius Ehiawaguan; Idiodi-Thomas, Hestia O (Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured, 2010)
Knowledge of the epidemiology and the pattern of injury sustained following falls from heights may be crucial in formulating policy aimed at prevention and improved outcome of victims. This study aims to determine the epidemiology and the spectrum of injury sustained following falls from heights at a referral trauma centre in a developing country.This study is a retrospective analysis of cases of falls from heights between June 2007 and May 2008 at the Accident and Emergency Center of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital.Eighty-four patients aged between 1 and 60 years (median: 24 years) comprising 54 males and 30 females with a male/female ratio of 1.8:1 were managed. All the falls were accidental and occurred mainly among males aged between 18 and 30 years, with a peak incidence between March and May, which coincided with rainy and harvest seasons (P<0.0001). Consequently, falls from moving vehicles 13 (15.5%); off the top of buildings at construction sites, eight (9.5%), staircase, six (7.1%); and treetops, six (7.1%) were common. Children fell mainly indoors from relatively lower heights. Eighty (95.2%) patients sustained injury that ranged from minor abrasions (12; 14.3%) to severe life-threatening head injury (15; 17.9%), which resulted in one (1.2%) death. Sympathisers and passersby were rescuers who gave first aid and brought the patients to the centre using hazardous public transport with a mean time lag of 12h (range: 2-48 h) between the falls and presentation.Falls from heights were common in Benin. Health awareness programmes and a proper government policy will reduce incidences and improve outcome.
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Impact of strikes on students' academic performance in secondary schools: a case study of Wang' Apala secondary school Kabondo division. Rachuonyo district, Kenya - Otieno, Nolish Nyamwaya (2010)
A Research Report Submitted To The Faculty Of Education In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Award Of Bachelors Degree Of Education Of Kampala International University
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Seismotectonic model of the MITIDJA basin using gravity data and aftershock sequence of the BOUMERDES (may 21, 2003; ALGERIA) earthquake - Ouyed, Merzouk; Idres, Mouloud; Boughacha, Mohame Salah; Bourmatte, Amar; Samai, Saddek (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
The present study relates to the interpretation of gravity and seismological data in the Boumerdes area (Eastern part of the Mitidja Basin, Algeria), in relation to the earthquake of May 21, 2003 (Mw=6.8). The residual anomaly and the horizontal gradient maps made it possible to obtain the basement shape and gravity discontinuities. The seismological data processing of the aftershock sequence recorded by 16 tri-component seismological stations allowed the location of 1987 events during the period of May 23 to June 30, 2003. A seismotectonic model obtained from the aftershocks distribution and gravity data is proposed. This model consists of three active faults; one lying offshore and two other onshore faults highlighted in this study. The offshore fault striking NE-SW is consistent with the USGS focal mechanism of the main event; the onshore faults strike NW-SE. This configuration emphasizes the failure mode complexity during the main shock. The geometry and location of the onshore faults are obtained from the spatial distribution of seismicity and focal solutions, supported by the results of gravity, but also by the coastal uplift and the Algiers canyon close to one of these faults. The topography of the basement obtained by 3D gravity inversion shows that all the aftershocks located onshore occurred in the basement. The 3D model of the basement also shows that the area between the two onshore faults was raised by their movement.
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Web Affinity: A Study of Undergraduate Students in Nigerian Universities - Ozoemelem, Obuh Alex (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction The World-Wide-Web (www) may be the most important application of the Internet. Before the Web, the Internet grew rapidly within the education and research communities, allowing exchange of information using applications like email, ftp, telnet, and gopher. The Web's ease of use, platform independence, integration of text and graphics and totally open structure made it an attractive option to everyone. At first, its use was confined to research and higher education, since few other constituencies had access to the Internet. Gradually, awareness grew, and it became obvious that the potential of the medium went far beyond academia. Home and commercial users became interested, and the growth of the Web continued, with the material available growing in variety and volume. The Web now hides its treasures in a sea of trivia and trash, as well as becoming an indispensable source of accessible, topical, authoritative information to support learning in universities, colleges and schools. Recently, there has been concern in higher education about how much the Web is used for valid purposes (learning and research) and how much for other purposes. This is important, because browsing the Web consumes scarce and expensive resources. The Web is used by a range of people for a variety of purpose, and, as such, they have different perceptions of its nature, and achieve different outcomes to their searches. By categorizing the reasons for users' interactions with the Web, and by identifying common patterns, we can gain a more realistic understanding of those interactions. Statement of the Problem Supporting research and learning activities becomes a major mission for academic libraries. In recent years, academic libraries face pressures like diminished budgets, increased patron demands, and rising costs for book purchases and periodical subscriptions (Ke and Chang, 1999). The thriving growth of electronic publications is reshaping the nature of collections and the mode of delivering and accessing information in libraries. The traditional print resources nowadays face challenges from their electronic counterparts in faster and timely delivery of information as well as in improved access (Bandyopadhyay and Chu, 1999). Among various resources for learning, staff and students throughout much of the world can retrieve seemingly endless volumes of information from all over the globe in a short span of time. It appears that the rate of production of electronic materials have exceeded that of print-based publications (Dalgeish & Hall, 2000). Currently information is usually presented in electronic format and under these circumstances the Web is a major platform supporting this format, thus, it is necessary to understand why university students are so attracted to the Web to satisfy their information quest. The following research questions were asked to guide the study: * What is the level of ICT skill of students of Nigerian universities? * What is the level of Web experience of students of Nigerian universities? * What is the Level of Web Usage by students of Nigerian universities? * Does gender affect the use of the Web by students of Nigerian universities? * What are the purposes for using the Web by students of Nigerian universities? Objectives of the Study The specific objectives are to; ascertain the level of ICT skill of students of Nigerian universities; Find out the level of Web experience of students of Nigerian universities; ascertain the level of Web usage by students of students of Nigerian universities; ascertain if gender affect the use of the Web by students of Nigerian universities and to identify the purposes for using the Web by students of Nigerian universities. Scope of the Study The study focuses on the use of the Web by students of Nigerian universities. From the universities, found in Nigeria, three universities was used for this study namely, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State and Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State Limitations of the Study The study is restricted to three universities in Nigeria as a case study. …
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Pilot Survey Of Indoor Air Pollution Exposure And Stove Use In Niakhar, Senegal - Pavlinac, Patricia B; Fleming, Jessica A.; Dièye, Yakhya; Ndiaye, Assane; Diallo, Aldiouma; Ortiz, Justin R (2010)
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Three-Day Training Camps Mitigate Negative Energy Balance and Nutritional Deficiencies of Elite Rwandan Cyclists - Pedersen, Sarah; Sacheck, Jennifer M.; Nelson, Miriam E. (Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2010)
A previous observational study found elite Rwandan cyclists to be in negative energy balance and deficient in many nutrients. PURPOSE: To determine energy balance and nutritional adequacy of the diet of elite cyclists in Rwanda as a result of a three-day per week feeding program. METHODS: Eight members of the Rwandan National Cycling Team were recruited to participate in an 8-week study. Nutritionally adequate meals were provided 3 days per week at training camps; 4 days per week cyclists consumed food at home per usual. Food intake during the training camp was recorded for each cyclist using digital photographs. Home food intake was recorded once during the study period for each cyclist via a 3-day home food record recorded by a study investigator and energy expenditure was similarly recorded via a 3-day physical activity diary. Nutritional analysis was performed using Diet Analysis Plus Software and energy expenditure was calculated using the MET value for each activity from the Compendium on Physical Activity. RESULTS: Cyclists were 24.6 ± 3.9 yr, 62.1 ± 3.8 kg, and had an average BMI of 21.4 ± 1.1 kg/m2. Cyclists trained 6 days per week for an average of 125 minutes per day with a daily energy expenditure of 3360 ± 478 kCal. Daily caloric intake at home was much lower than daily caloric intake of meals provided at training camps (2505 ± 531 kcal vs. 3538 kcal; p<0.001). The home-diet provided 1.07 ± 0.31 g/kg protein (10% of caloric intake) while the training camp-diet provided 1.7 g/kg protein (12% of caloric intake; p<0.01). Training camp diets also provided a significantly higher percentage of calories from fat (23% vs. 17%; p<0.05). Home diets were deficient in Vitamin D (1.9 ± 1.6 μg per day), Vitamin E (5.4 ± 1.1 mg per day), and calcium (563 ± 176 mg per day). One week of training, which includes 3 days at training camp and 4 days at home, resulted in a small positive energy balance over 7 days (471 kcal ± 3273). Over the 8 week study period, cyclists maintained a consistent body mass (mean weight change = 0.3 ± 0.9 kg). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the home-diet of elite Rwandan cyclists results in negative energy balance, but that with the addition of meals provided at 3-day training camps, this energy deficit is eliminated. Further research is needed to explore interventions targeting improved nutrition of elite athletes in Rwanda.
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Youth transport, mobility and security in sub-Saharan Africa: the gendered journey to school - Porter, Gina; Hampshire, Kate; Abane, Albert; Munthali, Alister; Robson, Elsbeth; Mashiri, Mac; Tanle, Augustine (2010)
This article reports on a study of the gender differences in children's journeys to school in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors draw on empirical data from a three-country study (Ghana, Malawi, South Africa) of young people’s mobility. They note that gender differences in school enrollment and attendance in Africa are well established: education statistics in many countries indicate that girls’ participation in formal education is often substantially lower than boys’, especially at secondary school level. Transport and mobility issues are an important piece of this phenomenon, though the precise patterning of the transportation and mobility constraints experienced by girl schoolchildren, and the ways in which transport factors interact with other constraints, varies from region to region. In some contexts, the journey to school represents a particularly hazardous enterprise for girls because they face a serious threat of rape. In other cases girls’ journeys to school and school attendance are hampered by Africa’s transportation gap and cultural conventions which require females to take on this burden (by pedestrian head loading) before leaving for (or instead of attending) school. The authors draw principally on a survey questionnaire conducted in each country with approximately 1000 children aged 7-18 years across 8 sites. They draw attention to the diversity of gendered travel experiences across geographical locations (paying attention to associated patterns of transport provision) and to explore the implications of these findings for access to education. The article concludes with a section of suggestions regarding areas where policy intervention could be beneficial. They call for a stronger emphasis on gendered transport, mobility and access issues in the development policy and practitioner community.
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How strong ist the impact of changing topography of the East African Rift System on regional climate - Prömmel, Kerstin; Kaspar, Frank; Cubasch, Ulrich (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
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Dynamics of stream flow generation in a small Mediterranean catchment (Kamech, Tunisia) from the storm to the water year scale - Raclot, Damien; Molenat, Jérôme; Zitouna-Chebbi, Rim; Lamachère, Jean-Marie; Hamdi, Radouhane; Jenhaoui, Zakia; Debebria, Ali; Voltz, Marc (EGUGA, 2010)
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Contributions of the Retrieved Values of the Malagasy Culture, Globalization and Catholic Social Teaching for the Reconstruction of the Society in Madagascar - Ranaivotratra, Maminirina Jacques Cyprien (2010)
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Perceived Factors Responsible for Dropout in Primary Schools in Delta Central Senatorial District, Nigeria - Reg, N. Osakwe; Ste, O. Osagie (Pakistan journal of social sciences, 2010)
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Teachers’ Attributes as Correlates of Students’ Academic Performance in Geography in the Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria - S, Alimi Olatunji; Babatunde, Balogun (Pakistan journal of social sciences, 2010)
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‘My “Veil” Does Not Go With My Jeans’: Veiling, Fundamentalism, Education and Women's Agency in Northern Cameroon - Santen, J.C.M. van (Africa, 2010)
This article demonstrates that the struggle over the Muslim ‘veil’ in public schools, which is related to tensions between the norms of secular democracy and principles of religious tolerance, has also become a topic of debate in Cameroon. I take the life of a young woman, Maimouna, whose life I have followed for 22 years, as a point of departure, and place it in the historical and social contexts of her society. I try not only to negotiate presuppositions about women and Islam in order to challenge notions of Muslim women as a homogeneous category, but also to challenge the automatic association of Islam, fundamentalism and the debate on veiling. In this debate it is often taken for granted that women have no say over their own lives. I show not only that the wishes of diverse groups of women living in Muslim societies may vary, but also that in a single woman's life her views may change. I explore how aspects of the new fundamentalist discourse (in which education for women is of importance) – against a background in which political and religious leaders, as in the past, cooperate closely – come to the fore in the subject of veiling. Religious and political councils initiate the foundation of private Islamic schools that are built with money from Saudi Arabian NGOs. In these schools women may wear headgear, which they have to take off in public schools in accordance with the laic prescriptions of Cameroon's constitution. The incessant change of views on veiling is linked to local, national and international contexts, but in a different way at each level. The story of Maimouna indicates that modernity is gendered. In the fundamentalist discourse in Cameroon in which veiling has acquired significance, men opt for another type of school where veiling is allowed, while women opt for education.
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‘My “Veil” Does Not Go With My Jeans’: Veiling, Fundamentalism, Education and Women's Agency in Northern Cameroon - Santen, J.C.M. van (Africa, 2010)
This article demonstrates that the struggle over the Muslim ‘veil’ in public schools, which is related to tensions between the norms of secular democracy and principles of religious tolerance, has also become a topic of debate in Cameroon. I take the life of a young woman, Maimouna, whose life I have followed for 22 years, as a point of departure, and place it in the historical and social contexts of her society. I try not only to negotiate presuppositions about women and Islam in order to challenge notions of Muslim women as a homogeneous category, but also to challenge the automatic association of Islam, fundamentalism and the debate on veiling. In this debate it is often taken for granted that women have no say over their own lives. I show not only that the wishes of diverse groups of women living in Muslim societies may vary, but also that in a single woman's life her views may change. I explore how aspects of the new fundamentalist discourse (in which education for women is of importance) – against a background in which political and religious leaders, as in the past, cooperate closely – come to the fore in the subject of veiling. Religious and political councils initiate the foundation of private Islamic schools that are built with money from Saudi Arabian NGOs. In these schools women may wear headgear, which they have to take off in public schools in accordance with the laic prescriptions of Cameroon's constitution. The incessant change of views on veiling is linked to local, national and international contexts, but in a different way at each level. The story of Maimouna indicates that modernity is gendered. In the fundamentalist discourse in Cameroon in which veiling has acquired significance, men opt for another type of school where veiling is allowed, while women opt for education.
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Analysis of trend changes in Northern African palaeo-climate by using Bayesian inference - Schütz, N.; Trauth, Martin H.; Holschneider, Matthias (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
Climate variability of Northern Africa is of high interest due to climate-evolutionary linkages under study. The reconstruction of the palaeo-climate over long time scales, including the expected linkages (> 3 Ma), is mainly accessible by proxy data from deep sea drilling cores. By concentrating on published data sets, we try to decipher rhythms and trends to detect correlations between different proxy time series by advanced mathematical methods. Our preliminary data is dust concentration, as an indicator for climatic changes such as humidity, from the ODP sites 659, 721 and 967 situated around Northern Africa. Our interest is in challenging the available time series with advanced statistical methods to detect significant trend changes and to compare different model assumptions. For that purpose, we want to avoid the rescaling of the time axis to obtain equidistant time steps for filtering methods. Additionally we demand an plausible description of the errors for the estimated parameters, in terms of confidence intervals. Finally, depending on what model we restrict on, we also want an insight in the parameter structure of the assumed models. To gain this information, we focus on Bayesian inference by formulating the problem as a linear mixed model, so that the expectation and deviation are of linear structure. By using the Bayesian method we can formulate the posteriori density as a function of the model parameters and calculate this probability density in the parameter space. Depending which parameters are of interest, we analytically and numerically marginalize the posteriori with respect to the remaining parameters of less interest.
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Teacher Compensation around the Globe: From England to Kenya, Nations Are Exploring Ways to Use Salary Incentives to Recruit and Retain Teachers, Fill Vacancies in Key Areas, and Improve Student Learning - Sclafani, Susan (Phi Delta Kappan, 2010)
The United States is not alone in experimenting with ways to use compensation to improve teacher performance. Around the world, nations are exploring ways that money can be used to attract newcomers to the profession, lure teachers into needy classes and schools, and boost student achievement. The United States is also not alone in its reliance on the single salary schedule nor in its need to negotiate changes with teachers unions. The single salary schedule has been the dominant form of compensation for teachers across the world for over a half century. While some trade unions have negotiated differences in salary levels at the national, regional, and local levels, these have generally affected the level of pay rather than the structure. Indeed, in many countries, teachers unions have been instrumental in maintaining the single salary schedule with a few salary incentives, but have not recognized performance pay or incentives for those working in schools serving disadvantaged students. In the last 15 years, however, both developed and developing countries have experienced shortages of qualified teachers in certain subjects or types of schools. At the same time, evidence has emerged that clearly identifies the teacher as one of the single most important factors in a student's learning (Hanushek 1992; Sanders and Rivers 1996; and Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain 2001). Effective teachers are critical to high student achievement, but two factors complicate efforts to ensure that schools attract and retain them. First, qualified teachers are in short supply overall in some places and in specific subjects in other places. Second, teaching appears to be a less popular professional choice for young people. In most countries, teaching is less respected than it once was, and yet teachers' roles have become more complex as student populations have become more diverse and expectations for their achievement have risen. Teachers are asked to be responsible for both the academic and socioemotional development of students and to remain up-to-date with emerging knowledge in their subjects and field (OECD 2005). As a result, teacher education programs are attracting students for whom the profession is not a first choice or whose academic backgrounds are weaker. Given these conditions, some countries have implemented a variety of compensation and incentive programs aimed not only at improving teacher performance and increasing student achievement, but also at recruiting and retaining more effective teachers. These programs include individualized salaries, incentives for teacher education, knowledge and skills-based incentives, incentives for hard-to-staff schools, and incentives based on student performance on state or national examinations. INDIVIDUALIZED SALARIES The exception to the single salary schedule is Sweden, which moved to an individually negotiated salary system in 1999. Strath (2004) found that Sweden's individualized salary system had accomplished many of its objectives, which were to recruit and retain teachers and improve productivity, performance, and quality of education. Under the original salary system, teachers topped out on the salary schedule by their early 40s and received only inflation increases for the rest of their careers. The new system enables experienced teachers to increase their efforts and productivity and receive salary increases on that basis for the future. At the same time, it provides a real incentive to newer teachers to raise their salaries through their increased productivity. Strath also found that the evaluation criteria established to differentiate salaries were helpful in improving the quality of education. Principals can reward teachers who are most eager to participate in school improvement efforts and decline to reward teachers who don't improve productivity or quality of outcomes. In many cases, younger, less experienced teachers received the rewards. …
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Relationship between selected head teachers’ leadership styles and their effectiveness in public primary school management in Bomet District, Kenya - Sigilai, Richard Maite (2010)
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The potential to transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a South African tertiary teaching hospital - Sissolak, Dagmar; Bamford, Colleen; Mehtar, Shaheen (International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010)
To assess the risk of nosocomial transmission by confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in a high TB/HIV incidence environment.Between November 2006 and April 2007, we carried out a cross-sectional survey of PTB patients with positive smears or cultures at an academic tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa.Of 394 confirmed PTB patients, only 199 (50.5%) had a known HIV status, of whom 107 (53.8%) were HIV-co-infected. Sensitivity testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) was done in 49.3% of patients with available cultures (140/284). Of these patients, 9.3% (13/140) had multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB strains. The turnaround times (TAT) for culture and susceptibility testing were delayed: mean TAT for cultures was 27 days (range 63 days) and for susceptibility testing was 42 days (range 63 days). One fifth of PTB patients (82/394) were diagnosed from wards that do not deal with TB on a daily basis. PTB inpatients were hospitalized for an average of 13 days and were on average transferred twice. Only 14.2% of all PTB patients were notified to the South Africa Provincial Department of Health. Throughout their hospitalization, PTB patients were potentially infectious.The potential for nosocomial TB transmission in a setting of high TB and HIV co-infection with a high MDR prevalence, inconsistent infection prevention and control measures, and delayed diagnosis cannot be ignored. Barriers to TB infection control must urgently be addressed.
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‘Distance learning’ or ‘learning at a distance’? Case study of an education initiative to deliver an in‐service bachelors degree in Zambia - Smith, Christopher J. (Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 2010)
Abstract In 1998, as part of what was then Zambia's Department of Technical Education and Vocational Training's (DTEVT) human resources capacity building initiative, under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Vocational Training (MSTVT), donor funding was secured to provide degree‐level training for key teachers and managers within the technical education and vocational education and training (TEVET) system. However, the lack of degree‐level courses designed for TEVET personnel at both of Zambia's universities prevented progress. This situation has disadvantaged TEVET staff and for years has limited their professional development. To address this, a pilot project involving a British Higher Education Institution delivering a degree programme, in‐country and in‐service (part‐time), was proposed by senior DTEVT staff. Some seven years after the commencement of this programme and with three cohorts having successfully been completed, this paper examines some of the key issues in delivery of the programme over the years and reflects on significant events that have influenced the programme's development and are likely to continue to impact on its future direction. Keywords: blended learningdistance learninge‐learninginternational developmentprofessional developmentTVET (technical and vocational education and training) Acknowledgements An edited version of parts of this paper was first presented by the author at the ‘eLearning Africa’ Conference held at the United Nations Conference Centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in May 2006.
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THE IMPACT OF FLOODS AND DROUGHTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN THE HORN OF AFRICA - Soliman, Amal Helmy (Maǧallaẗ Al-Maǧmaʿ Al-ʿilmī Al-Miṣrī, 2010)
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The learning curve in the South African war : soldiers' perspectives - Spiers, Edward M. (Historia, 2010)
If the South African War (1899–1902) proved the supreme test for the late Victorian army, many writers taking their cue from the “lucidity and brilliance” of Leo Amery’s writings in The Times History accepted that the army, particularly in the Natal campaign, failed to measure up. The generalship of Sir Redvers Buller, VC, his staff, and the regimental officers and other ranks, all incurred withering criticism. The prewar army, wrote Amery, was “largely a sham”, and the home army, in particular, was “nothing more or less than a gigantic Dotheboys Hall” (an allusion to the notorious academy in Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens): Neither in skill with the rifle, nor in individual intelligence and initiative, nor in physical and moral endurance, was the British soldier equal to the terribly exacting demands of modern warfare. 1 Modern historiography has done much to correct the exaggerations of Amery’s work and to modify the interpretations of an author determined to promote army reform by illustrating the “supreme military incapacity” of Buller in contrast to the “clearness of vision, undaunted resolution, and boundless energy” of his successor as commander-in-chief in South Africa, Lord Frederick S. Roberts, VC. 2 Without lapsing into a defence of Buller, 3 this paper will take the correction further by reflecting upon the shock and early impact of the war upon the British soldier, the slow process of his adaptation in the field, and the signs of a “learning curve” perceived by British soldiers as they eventually prevailed in the conflict. 4 The shock and impact of the South African War upon the British soldier has normally been expressed in two fundamental respects: first, that the British soldiers had learned little from defeat in the Anglo-Transvaal War (1880–81) and that they underestimated an enemy, often depicted as mere farmers; and secondly, that they
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A Seismic Hazard Module for Earthquake Loss Modelling in Tunisia - Stafford, Peter J.; Tsingopoulou, Paraskevi; Karimi, Iman; Galy, Hélène (EGUGA, 2010)
(1) Willis Research Fellow, Lecturer, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, UK (p.stafford@imperial.ac.uk), (2) Former PhD candidate, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, UK (p.tsingopoulou08@imperial.ac.uk), (3) Seismic research coordinator, Willis Research Network / Willis Analytics, Willis, London, UK (iman.karimi@willis.com), (4) Head of Product Development, Willis Analytics, Willis, London, UK (galyh@willis.com)
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Teaching the right hydrology with minimum resources in Ethiopia - Steenhuis, Tammo S.; Collick, Amy S.; Wondie, Ayalew; Jemberu, Tsehai (EGUGA, 2010)
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A critical assessment of the technical and vocational education and training programme for the Libyan chemical industry. - Triki, Nuri M. (2010)
Libya traditionally suffers from a shortage of skilled manpower. A network of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions were introduced in Libya, for the purpose of enhancing the supply of skilled manpower needed for the manufacturing industry and the national socio-economic development plans. The shortage of qualified manpower, such as engineers and technicians, skilled workers, is largely attributable to the failure of TVET to supply the country with its requirements of trained manpower in scope of manufacturing industry. The assumption behind this research is that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in general and TVET in particular suffer from a lack of appropriate planning mechanisms and procedures for the linking TVET with manufacturing industry. This study was exploratory and descriptive in nature and used a quantitative research method. This study presents initial results from a survey of students at HEIs; and engineers and technicians at a manufacturing industry. It investigates their perception regarding TVET programmes as well as work-related issues in Libya. Some of the research key findings are: there is a substantial mismatch between the outcome of TVET and the exact requirements of the Libyan manufacturing industry; most of the TVET suffer from limited human and physical resources, and the unavailability of a framework for the development of TVET and to assist in organising the link and narrow the gap between Libyan TVET institutions and chemical manufacturing industry. On the bases of the data analysis and the findings, recommendations for a framework to strengthen the link between TVET providers and manufacturing sector has been put forward to be used by educational planners in Libya in establishing or improving existing TVET. Some suggestions are also made for further research to address the issue of acceptance of industrial and vocational work and related influencing factors.
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An Evaluation of the Sustenance of the Primary School Management Development Project in Botswana - Tsayang, Gabatshwane; Monyatsi, Pedzani Perci; Bulawa, Philip; Mhozya, C. M. (Journal of Social Sciences, 2010)
AbstractPrimary School Management Development Project intended to improve management of primary schools in Botswana started in 1999 and ended in 2002. The Impact Evaluation Study (IES) conducted in 2000 found that management practices introduced by the project had improved management by most SMTs. School Management Teams and Primary School Management Advisors put in place by the Project were functioning well. Cluster and school-based in service training had a positive impact on management of primary schools. The present study wanted to find out whether the findings from the IES were sustained. A survey of 24 schools in four of the six national education regions was conducted. The main findings of the study were that the program activities and structures were sustained. The sustenance was attributed to the initial involvement of the key stakeholders in the conception of the project through the base line study where school managers identified key management areas of need. The sustenance is also attributed to political commitment by the government manifested through regularizing the project into a Ministry of Education programme properly budgeting for. One of the implications of the findings is that commitment by stakeholders should be grounded on a sound understanding and true involvement by the key players from conception to implementation of any program. It is also noted that decentralization should not be abdication of accountability by the mother body, the central government, instead, should be a strategy through which the central government works to empower the policy and programme implementers.Key Words: Political SupportInvolvement of Key StakeholdersKey Management AreasCommitmentEmpowerment
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International orthodoxy versus national realities: inclusive schooling and the education of children with disabilities in Lesotho - Urwick, James; Elliott, Julian (Comparative Education, 2010)
Specialists with international influence have been advocating in an uncompromising manner the policy of including all children with special educational needs (SEN) in regular schools and classrooms. The endorsement of this policy by an internationally agreed convention implies that it is universally applicable. This paper, however, questions the relevance of this orthodoxy to the educational systems of low‐income countries and argues that the latter cannot easily progress from a situation of virtually no educational provision for disabilities straight to one of fully integrated provision. The paper examines an inclusion policy in Lesotho, a low‐income country, which began with ambitious goals but largely failed to meet the needs of children with disabilities. It then outlines an alternative strategy for that context. A phase of development in which there is considerable use of specialised facilities and selected schools is seen as necessary if more children with disabilities are to have meaningful opportunities for learning.
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International orthodoxy versus national realities: inclusive schooling and the education of children with disabilities in Lesotho - Urwick, James; Elliott, Julian (Comparative Education, 2010)
Specialists with international influence have been advocating in an uncompromising manner the policy of including all children with special educational needs (SEN) in regular schools and classrooms. The endorsement of this policy by an internationally agreed convention implies that it is universally applicable. This paper, however, questions the relevance of this orthodoxy to the educational systems of low‐income countries and argues that the latter cannot easily progress from a situation of virtually no educational provision for disabilities straight to one of fully integrated provision. The paper examines an inclusion policy in Lesotho, a low‐income country, which began with ambitious goals but largely failed to meet the needs of children with disabilities. It then outlines an alternative strategy for that context. A phase of development in which there is considerable use of specialised facilities and selected schools is seen as necessary if more children with disabilities are to have meaningful opportunities for learning.
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International orthodoxy versus national realities: inclusive schooling and the education of children with disabilities in Lesotho - Urwick, James; Elliott, Julian (Comparative Education, 2010)
Specialists with international influence have been advocating in an uncompromising manner the policy of including all children with special educational needs (SEN) in regular schools and classrooms. The endorsement of this policy by an internationally agreed convention implies that it is universally applicable. This paper, however, questions the relevance of this orthodoxy to the educational systems of low‐income countries and argues that the latter cannot easily progress from a situation of virtually no educational provision for disabilities straight to one of fully integrated provision. The paper examines an inclusion policy in Lesotho, a low‐income country, which began with ambitious goals but largely failed to meet the needs of children with disabilities. It then outlines an alternative strategy for that context. A phase of development in which there is considerable use of specialised facilities and selected schools is seen as necessary if more children with disabilities are to have meaningful opportunities for learning.
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International orthodoxy versus national realities: inclusive schooling and the education of children with disabilities in Lesotho - Urwick, James; Elliott, Julian (Comparative Education, 2010)
Specialists with international influence have been advocating in an uncompromising manner the policy of including all children with special educational needs (SEN) in regular schools and classrooms. The endorsement of this policy by an internationally agreed convention implies that it is universally applicable. This paper, however, questions the relevance of this orthodoxy to the educational systems of low‐income countries and argues that the latter cannot easily progress from a situation of virtually no educational provision for disabilities straight to one of fully integrated provision. The paper examines an inclusion policy in Lesotho, a low‐income country, which began with ambitious goals but largely failed to meet the needs of children with disabilities. It then outlines an alternative strategy for that context. A phase of development in which there is considerable use of specialised facilities and selected schools is seen as necessary if more children with disabilities are to have meaningful opportunities for learning.
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Credibility of Hydrologic Models in the Context of Climate Change Impact Studies - A Case Study in the Olifants Basin, South Africa - Wagener, Thorsten; Werkhoven, Kathryn van; Singh, Riddhi (2010)
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Water resources management in South Africa: Should the focus be on land use change, climate change or both? - Warburton, Michele; Schulze, R. E. (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
Through multiple forces of change human activities have extensively altered land cover and land use, and these alterations impact upon the hydrological system at both regional and basin scales. Thus, to effectively manage water resources, the interdependence between land use and the hydrological system must be recognized as “any land management decision becomes a water management decision” (Falkenmark et al., 1999, pg 58). Over and above land use, the hydrological response of a catchment is impacted by the water engineered system, viz. dams, irrigation, inter-basin transfers, off-takes and return flows. A further layer in the complexity of water resources management is introduced with climate change. Water resources worldwide, but particularly in semi-arid regions of Africa, are highly sensitive to, and strongly coupled to changes in the climate and climate variability. Changes in the climate, viz. increasing temperature, changing precipitation and enhanced carbon dioxide levels (CO2), may alter the hydrological response of a catchment. The hydrological response to the impacts of changing land use and changing climate will be the result of complex interactions, where anthropogenic climate and/or land use change will moderate or exacerbate the effects of the other, a further difficulty in assessing these interactions will be that dominant driver may vary at different spatial and temporal scales.
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Simulating the impact of climate and land use change on water availability of selected river basins in Africa - Weiß, M.; Schaldach, Rüdiger (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
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Computers, the Internet and medical education in Africa - Williams, Chris; Pitchforth, Emma; O’Callaghan, Christopher (Medical Education, 2010)
Medical Education 2010: 44: 485–488 Objectives This study aimed to explore the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in undergraduate medical education in developing countries. Methods Educators (deans and heads of medical education) in English-speaking countries across Africa were sent a questionnaire to establish the current state of ICT at medical schools. Non-respondents were contacted firstly by e-mail, subsequently by two postal mailings at 3-month intervals, and finally by telephone. Main outcome measures included cross-sectional data about the availability of computers, specifications, Internet connection speeds, use of ICT by students, and teaching of ICT and computerised research skills, presented by country or region. Results The mean computer : student ratio was 0.123. Internet speeds were rated as ‘slow’ or ‘very slow’ on a 5-point Likert scale by 25.0% of respondents overall, but by 58.3% in East Africa and 33.3% in West Africa (including Cameroon). Mean estimates showed that campus computers more commonly supported CD-ROM (91.4%) and sound (87.3%) than DVD-ROM (48.1%) and Internet (72.5%). The teaching of ICT and computerised research skills, and the use of computers by medical students for research, assignments and personal projects were common. Conclusions It is clear that ICT infrastructure in Africa lags behind that in other regions. Poor download speeds limit the potential of Internet resources (especially videos, sound and other large downloads) to benefit students, particularly in East and West (including Cameroon) Africa. CD-ROM capability is more widely available, but has not yet gained momentum as a means of distributing materials. Despite infrastructure limitations, ICT is already being used and there is enthusiasm for developing this further. Priority should be given to developing partnerships to improve ICT infrastructure and maximise the potential of existing technology.
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Late Quaternary floods and droughts in the Nile valley, Sudan: new evidence from optically stimulated luminescence and AMS radiocarbon dating - Williams, Martin; Williams, Frances; Duller, G.A.T.; Munro, R. Neil; Tom, O. A. M. El; Barrows, Timothy T.; Macklin, Mark G.; Woodward, Jamie; Talbot, Michael R.; Haberlah, David; Fluin, Jennie (Quaternary science reviews, 2010)
Our results show that the late Pleistocene Nile in northern Sudan was shifting position and actively aggrading at 145 ± 20 kyr, 83 ± 24 kyr, 32 ± 8 kyr and 20.7 ± 0.2 kyr and indicate, for the first time, a phase of high-energy flow in the White Nile at 27.8 ± 3.2 kyr, with still high but somewhat reduced flow in that river at 13.3 kyr, 10 kyr and 4.8–4.0 kyr. Beach ridges associated with a 386 m strandline of the White Nile have OSL ages of 27.5 ± 2.7 kyr and 14.5 ± 1.6 kyr. The Holocene terraces and former channels of the main Nile have ages of 11 kyr, 6.5–5.0 kyr and 4.8–4.0 kyr, after which there was a general decline in flood discharge. The now arid main Nile valley in northern Sudan was significantly wetter during the early to middle Holocene, with a lake up to 450 km2 in area, fed by an overflow channel from the early Holocene Nile between 9.5 kyr and 7.5 kyr. Previously stable late Pleistocene dunes were reactivated at intervals during the Holocene, with five samples from the White Nile valley indicating brief phases of Holocene dune activity at 9.9 ± 2.0 kyr, 9.0 ± 2.8 kyr, 6.6 ± 0.9 kyr, 4.8 ± 0.9 kyr and 2.9 ± 0.5 kyr, the earliest of which occurred within periods of generally wetter climate and higher Nile flow. The youngest freshwater shells on the Khor Abu Habl alluvial fan west of the White Nile correspond to a time of regionally wetter climate between 1.7 and 1.0 kyr. Our results suggest that millennial scale climatic instability may have been characteristic of Holocene climates in this region.
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Seismic structures of the Rwenzori region in Western Uganda derived from local and teleseismic earthquakes - Wölbern, Ingo; Rümpker, Georg; Batte, Arthur; Yakovlev, A. G.; Lindenfeld, Michael (EGUGA, 2010)
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Long-term observations of SO2 gas emission rates from Nyiragongo volcano (RD Congo) during 2004-2009 - Yalire, M. Nd Kasereka M.; Galle, Bo; Arellano, Santiago; Norman, Patrik; Johansson, Mikael (European geosciences union general assembly, 2010)
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Climate and Environmental Change in East Africa recorded in a Loess-Paleosol on Mount Kilimanjaro - Zech, Roland; Huang, Yingping; Russell, James; Tarozo, Rafael; Gao, Li; Hemp, Andreas; Zech, Wolfgang (EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2010)
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Vulnerability of settlements around Mt. Cameroon volcano, Cameroon - Zogning, Appolinaire; Spinetti, Claudia; Ngouanet, Chrétien; Tchoudam, David; Kouokam, Emmanuel; Thierry, P.; Bignami, Christian; Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia; Apa, Maria Ilaria Pannaccione (EGUGA, 2010)
Located at the bottom of the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon is exposed to a large variety of natural hazards, including volcanism. Most of the hazard are concentrated around the active volcano Mt. Cameroon which combines effusive and explosive types of activity. The threatened stakes are numerous and different exposed: people, settlements, industrial plantations, petrol refinery and many other factories and infrastructures. Until 2005, no risk management plans has been available. In 2006, the French Embassy in Cameroon, within the framework of a financial convention between Cameroon and France, put in place the GRINP (Management of Natural Risks and Civil Protection) project whose objective was to reinforce the capacity of Cameroon’s civil protection department and thus, contribute to the improvement of the security of the population faced with catastrophes. The objective was to realize a Risk Prevention Plan at a local council scale, and taking into consideration the specific natural risks of each zone. The general objective of the RPP was to clearly draw land use maps for risks zones, showing the overlay of stakes with risk of different intensities. In 2008 European Commission funded the Mia-Vita project (Mitigating and Assessing Volcanic Impacts on Terrain and human Activities). The aim of the project is to improve the crisis management capabilities based on monitoring and early warning systems and secure communications; reduction of people’s vulnerability and development of recovering capabilities after an event occurs for both local communities and ecological systems.
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Examination Malpractices among Secondary Schools Students in Ondo State, Nigeria: Perceived Causes and Possible Solutions - Adeyemi, T. O. (American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2010)
This paper investigated teachers’ perception of examination malpractices among secondary school students in Ondo State, Nigeria. As a descriptive research, the study population comprised the 481 secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. This was made up of 281 public and 200 private schools as well as 210 urban and 272 rural schools. The sample consisted of 245 schools made up of 142 public and 103 private schools. Out of the 142 public schools, 62 were urban while 80 were rural schools. Out of the 103 private schools, 47 were urban while 56 were rural schools. Out of the 4250 teachers in the schools, 960 teachers were selected. The methods of selection were also by multi-stage and stratified random sampling techniques. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire while the data collected were analyzed using percentages, Person r product moment correlation and the t-test. The findings revealed that one major cause of examination malpractices in the schools was indiscipline among students that made many of them to be involved in examination malpractices. Other important causes include the non-implementation of the examination malpractices decree and the lack of effective supervision of students during examinations. It was recommended that concerted efforts should be made at improving the level of discipline among students through counseling services in the schools. There should be the full implementation of the examination malpractices decree. There should be increased efforts at effective supervision of students during examinations. The termination of appointment of examination officials and teachers involved in perpetrating examination malpractices should be in force to serve as a deterrent to others. Key words: Examination, malpractices, schools, perceived, causes, solutions.
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Student recruitment marketing in South Africa - An exploratory study into the adoption of a relationship orientation - Beneke, Justin; Human, Gert (African Journal of Business Management, 2010)
Changes in the competitive environment, largely spurred by restrictions in government funding and an increase of educational service providers in the market, have forced higher education instructions to become more proactive in terms of student recruitment. In response, many institutions have turned to corporate principles to run their operation and to recruit their ‘customers’ (that is, the students themselves). This exploratory study serves to ascertain whether using a relationship marketing approach is conducive to the task of identifying, selecting and recruiting highly desirable students. In this respect, particular emphasis is placed on whether these individuals are actually interested in establishing a pre-application relationship with a selected number of institutions, as well as the benefits they hope to accrue from such relationships. A hypothesized framework is thereafter appended as a guide for initiating and developing relationships with prospective students. Key variables influencing the decision process were probed. The reputation of the institution was found to be the most important factor in a scholar’s decision of a place of further study, followed by geographic location and thereafter campus safety. However, these differed between ethnic groups. Scholars’ receptiveness to the prospect of entering into a pre-application relationship with a tertiary education institution was found to be favourable. A mere eight percent of respondents claimed that they didn’t wish to have a relationship with an institution prior to the applications period. The remainder wished to be associated with one or more institutions. It was concluded that on average, the more serious scholar is interested in relationships with two institutions. In this regard, the factors attracting scholars to such relationships were identified. The availability of financial aid was found to be the most prominent factor, followed by curriculum advice and reduced application fees. It was therefore concluded that scholars seek real value and are less concerned with social benefits. Key words: Student recruitment, marketing, higher education, relationship marketing, customer relationship management, South Africa.
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Effect of increased body mass index on asthma risk, impairment and response to asthma controller therapy in African Americans - Camargo, Carlos A.; Sutherland, E. Rand; Bailey, William C.; Castro, Mario; Yancey, Steven W.; Emmett, Amanda; Stempel, David A. (Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2010)
Objective:To explore whether obesity alters the risk, impairment and response to treatment in African Americans with asthma.Methods:The data used for this secondary analysis are from a 1-year study in African American subjects comparing fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 100/50 µg combination (FSC) and fluticasone propionate 100 µg (FP). Subjects were retrospectively stratified by body mass index (BMI) <20 [underweight], 20–24.9 [normal weight], 25–29.9 [overweight], 30–34.9 [obese I], 35–39.9 [obese II], and ≥40 [obese III] kg/m2. Outcomes studied included impairment domains: FEV1, morning and evening peak expiratory flow (AM and PM PEF), daily albuterol use, daily symptom scores and future risk domain: exacerbations.Clinical trial registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00102765Results:There were 475 subjects evenly distributed between FSC and FP by baseline parameters. There were 207 subjects with a BMI ≥30, including 70 subjects with a BMI ≥40. Baseline BMI ≥40 was associated with numerically lower baseline AM and PM PEF. There was an attenuation of response to both treatments for only PM PEF (p < 0.05). By contrast, subjects with lower degrees of obesity or overweight did not differ from those with normal weight. The total population exacerbation rate was 2-fold greater in obese III subjects (39%) compared with subjects in other BMI categories (16–21%) (p < 0.05). A potential study limitation is the retrospective analysis of existing data.Discussion:Response to treatment was attenuated for PM PEF for subjects with BMI ≥40 and was also associated with an increased rate of asthma exacerbations.
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African American Doctoral Students at For-Profit Colleges and Universities: A Critical Race Theory Exploration. - Hall, Jodi (2010)
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Appearance of good craftsmanship education in the development of Nigerian children - Kayode, Femi; Akinbogun, Tolulope Lawrence; Ojo, Bankole (Vocational and Technical Education, 2010)
The people of developing countries, taking Nigeria as a case in hand are more of consumers of foreign technology than producers. This is affecting their gross domestic product (GDP). Many remain in poverty as they continue to borrow from the developed countries. Technological development is a function of creativity. The developed countries are quite aware of this and they have vigorously taken creative activities as priority. Observed is the trend that the modern Nigeria has lost the institution of good craftsmanship with the disappearance of the master craftsmen in art and design who patiently paid infinite attention to detail and perfection in the execution of their works. Since the present generation of children is born into a design-conscious and tool-using age, there is the need for creativity to be encouraged to foster from the home. This paper then argues the vital need for parents to expose their wards to art and design education, which the children need for better discovery of themselves and the needs of the world around them. Key words: Scientific, tell-and-show, clay, traditional craftsmanship, creative modeling.
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Quantitative evaluation of third year medical students' perception and satisfaction from problem based learning in anatomy: A pilot study of the introduction of problem based learning into the traditional didactic medical curriculum in Nigeria - Saalu, L. C.; Abraham, Anne; Aina, W. O. (Educational Research Review, 2010)
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching that uses hypothetical clinical cases, individual investigation and group process. In recent years, in medical education, problem-based learning (PBL) has increasingly been adopted as the preferred pedagogy in many countries around the world. Controversy, however, still exists as the potential benefits and overall outcome of PBL over traditional didactic learning (TDL). The present study compared the learning effectiveness of PBL with TDL using both experimental method (students’ performance in examination) and observational method (students` responses to questionnaires). The self-administered questionnaires measured learning outcomes and acquisition of interpersonal skills on a 5-point Likert type rating scale of 1 (strongly agree) - 5 (strongly disagree). The study population comprised third year medical students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.  Half of the new innovative Human Anatomy curriculum was thought using PBL and the other half using TDL. The PBL method resulted in better examination scores than TDL for the same students. A majority of students felt that, the PBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives, gave better factual knowledge of Anatomy, promoted better student participation in the learning process,  provided more learning fun, ensured more students team work and interpersonal skills acquisition and enabled more students’ reflective/critical thinking and reasoning of anatomy, as compared to traditional teaching methods. Most of the students opined that more such sessions should be organized in the future. The main disadvantage perceived was that, it was time-consuming. We conclude that, based on the examination scores and the responses of the students, PBL are more successful than TDL. Key words: Problem based learning, Traditional didactic learning, medical students, perception
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Quantitative evaluation of third year medical students' perception and satisfaction from problem based learning in anatomy: A pilot study of the introduction of problem based learning into the traditional didactic medical curriculum in Nigeria - Saalu, L. C.; Abraham, Anne; Aina, W. O. (Educational Research Review, 2010)
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of teaching that uses hypothetical clinical cases, individual investigation and group process. In recent years, in medical education, problem-based learning (PBL) has increasingly been adopted as the preferred pedagogy in many countries around the world. Controversy, however, still exists as the potential benefits and overall outcome of PBL over traditional didactic learning (TDL). The present study compared the learning effectiveness of PBL with TDL using both experimental method (students’ performance in examination) and observational method (students` responses to questionnaires). The self-administered questionnaires measured learning outcomes and acquisition of interpersonal skills on a 5-point Likert type rating scale of 1 (strongly agree) - 5 (strongly disagree). The study population comprised third year medical students of Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.  Half of the new innovative Human Anatomy curriculum was thought using PBL and the other half using TDL. The PBL method resulted in better examination scores than TDL for the same students. A majority of students felt that, the PBL sessions were better at fulfilling learning objectives, gave better factual knowledge of Anatomy, promoted better student participation in the learning process,  provided more learning fun, ensured more students team work and interpersonal skills acquisition and enabled more students’ reflective/critical thinking and reasoning of anatomy, as compared to traditional teaching methods. Most of the students opined that more such sessions should be organized in the future. The main disadvantage perceived was that, it was time-consuming. We conclude that, based on the examination scores and the responses of the students, PBL are more successful than TDL. Key words: Problem based learning, Traditional didactic learning, medical students, perception
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“Incidents and accidents” : implementing the safety regulations prescribed by the South African Schools Act - Eberlein, Eric (2010)
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The integration of interactive whiteboards into classrooms at a well-resourced high school in South Africa - Lewis, A. C. (2010)
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Antenatal and delivery care in rural western Kenya: the effect of training health care workers to provide "focused antenatal care" - Ouma, Peter; Eijk, Anna Maria van; Hamel, Mary J.; Sikuku, Evallyne S; Odhiambo, Frank; Munguti, Kaendi; Ayisi, John; Crawford, Sara; Kager, Piet A.; Slutsker, Laurence (Reproductive Health, 2010)
Maternal mortality remains high in developing countries and data to monitor indicators of progress in maternal care is needed. We examined the status of maternal care before and after health care worker (HCW) training in WHO recommended Focused Antenatal Care.An initial cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2002 in Asembo and Gem in western Kenya among a representative sample of women with a recent birth. HCW training was performed in 2003 in Asembo, and a repeat survey was conducted in 2005 in both areas.Antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance was similar in both areas (86%) in 2005 and not significantly different from 2002 (90%). There was no difference in place of delivery between the areas or over time. However, in 2005, more women in Asembo were delivered by a skilled assistant compared to Gem (30% vs.23%, P = 0.04), and this proportion increased compared to 2002 (17.6% and 16.1%, respectively). Provision of iron (82.4%), folic acid (72.0%), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (61.7%), and anthelminths (12.7%) had increased in Asembo compared to 2002 (2002: 53.3%, 52.8%, 20.3%, and 4.6%, respectively), and was significantly higher than in Gem in 2005 (Gem 2005: 69.7%, 47.8%, 19.8%, and 4.1%, respectively) (P < 0.05 for all). Offering of tests for sexually transmitted diseases and providing information related to maternal health was overall low (<20%) and did not differ by area. In 2005, more women rated the quality of the antenatal service in Asembo as very satisfactory compared to Gem (17% vs. 6.5%, P < 0.05).We observed improvements in some ANC services in the area where HCWs were trained. However, since our evaluation was carried out 2 years after three-day training, we consider any significant, sustained improvement to be remarkable.
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The Effects of First- and Second-Language Instruction in Rural South African Schools - Sailors, Misty; Hoffman, James V.; Pearson, P. David; Beretvas, S. Natasha; Matthee, Bertus (Bilingual Research Journal, 2010)
Abstract In this article, we report on the results of a project devoted to improving literacy in South Africa's rural schools; specifically we report the results of an intervention study that centered on improving mother-tongue literacy instruction offered to learners in Grades 1 and 2 in South African schools. Our findings demonstrate that there are positive and strong effects for the home-language initiative that was tested in this study. Our data suggest that there is a high level of value added to performance in both the home-language and English-language learning of the students in this study when a much more print-rich environment was provided in the home language. These findings challenge the deficit myth often associated with children who come to school with a first language different from the medium of instruction. Further, these data suggest that providing instruction in both first and second languages can have a positive impact on development in both languages.
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Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
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Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import

Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import

Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import

Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Investigating Conservation Agriculture (CA) Systems in Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mitigate Future Effects of Climate Change - Thierfelder, Christian; Wall, P. C. (Journal of Crop Improvement, 2010)
Most models predict that climate change will affect the southern African region both through temperature rises and increased frequency and severity of drought. Conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotations offers potential solutions to mitigate the effects of seasonal drought. In Zimbabwe and Zambia, we investigated the effects of different maize-based CA systems on water relations and crop productivity from 2005–2009 and compared results with conventionally plowed plots. In all seasons, we found higher water infiltration on CA plots, and it was three to five times higher on direct-seeded CA plots compared to conventionally plowed control plots in 2009. This led to higher available soil moisture on CA plots. The increase in soil moisture will enable crops to overcome seasonal dry spells, mitigate the effects of drought, reduce the risk of crop failure, and secure livelihoods in the region.
Keywords: openalex:import

QUALITY ISSUES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION IN ETHIOPIA: QUALITY ISSUES IN EDUCATION IN ETHIOPIA: A STUDY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES - Tuli, Fekede (2010)
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Climate change impacts on cowpea productivity in Nigeria - Ajetomobi, Joshua Olusegun; Abiodun, Ajiboye (African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2010)
If a climate signal could be detected at state or regional level, it would be useful to policy planners, agricultural authority and farmers to prepare for climate change.This study, therefore, employed a statistical model to investigate the relationship between the yield of cowpea and temperature (in centigrade) and precipitation (in millimeters) for the period 1961 -2006 at state levels in Nigeria.The analyses were based on all the twenty major cowpea producing states for the main period 1961 -2006.Data for annual yield of cowpea for all the time period were collected from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (N.B.S).Data on the two important climate variables required for crop growth -temperature and precipitation -at state in Nigeria were obtained from the Nigerian Metrological Agency.The response of cowpea yield to climate change varied from one geographical location to the other.The results indicated negative and significant relationship between cowpea yield and temperature in six of the twenty states producing cowpea in the country.Five of the six states are in the northern part while the remaining one is in the south.The results of the relationship between the yield and precipitation were similar to those of temperature in the northern states, except Sokoto.There was a negative correlation between rainfall and cowpea yield in Adamawa, Bauchi, Kaduna, Katsina, Kwara, Niger Plateau and Yobe.On the contrary, increase in precipitation will lead to increase in yield in the southern part except Kwara.The time trend is positive and significant in all the cases except in Adamawa, Bauchi and Jigawa where time trend was non significant though positive..These results also show that as the years pass by and climate factors run contrary to agricultural productivities, cowpea farmers were adopting new measures to cope with the negative effect of climate change.Through adaptation, the negative effects of climate change on cowpea yield could be reduced and the positive influences enhanced.Examples of potential adaptive measures include the introduction of drought or heat resistant varieties, early sowing, mixed cropping, alteration of the tillage system and utilization of land that has been considered too marginal for agricultural cultivation.
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Premenstrual syndrome: Prevalence in students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria - Antai, A. B.; Udezi, A.W.; Ekanem, Ekpenyong E.; Okon, UJ; Umoiyoho, AU (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010)
The prevalence and frequency of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was assessed in female undergraduate students of the University of Calabar.A survey of a consecutive sample of 200 nulliparous subjects aged between 16 and 31 years revealed that 85.5% of them regularly experienced symptoms suggestive of PMS.The commonest symptoms were lower abdominal pain, pimples/puffy face, tender/painfully engorged breast and depression/tension representing 86%, 67% 63%, and 55% respectively.The least frequent symptoms were back ache and common cold which was seen in 14% and 11% of the subjects respectively.42% of the subjects complained of severe abdominal pain.This group had depression/tension as the most frequently occurring symptom (87%), while pimples/ puffy face was most frequently seen in those with mild, moderate and no abdominal discomfort..There was an association between severity of abdominal discomfort and symptoms experienced by subjects (p<0.01).Similarly, severity of abdominal discomfort was associated with mean body weight of subjects (P<0.02)but not with body temperature.
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African Medical Education - Kuehn, Bridget M. (JAMA, 2010)
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The Education System in Swaziland - Marope, Mmantsetsa (2010)
In September 2007, the Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland (GoS) approved a broad national development reform agenda in the form of a poverty reduction strategy and action plan (PRSAP). The plan is intended to update and operationalize the National Development Strategy (NDS) of 1999, as well as to begin to actualize Vision 2022; which was also launched in 1999.The ultimate outcome of these instruments is 'improved quality of life for all Swazis.' Their key goal is 'growth acceleration with equity or accelerated and shared growth.' A critical intermediate goal expressed in the PRSAP is a 30 percent reduction in poverty by 2015, and ultimate poverty eradication by 2022. It is estimated that reaching these targets will require a five percent average annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth over a sustained period of time. This report presents an analysis of the adequacy of Swaziland's education, training and skills development sector (ETSDS) to effectively contribute toward addressing the outlined challenges and toward achieving national development goals presented in the PRSAP. Key sector weaknesses are identified and recommendations for their redress are made.
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The Causes and the Control of Selective Pollution of Shallow Wells by Coliform Bacteria, Imo River Basin Nigeria - Nwachukwu, Michael A.; Feng, Huan; Amadi, Maureen I.; Umunna, Felicia U. (Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 2010)
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Sources of cadaver used for dissection at the Ibadan medical school, Nigeria - Analysis of a three-year data - Osuagwu, F. C.; Imosemi, I. O.; Oladejo, O. W. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010)
Our experience with cadaver collection at the Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between 9th of February 1998 and 11th of October 2001 is presented. A total of twenty-eight bodies were collected from the State Hospital, Ring Road during this period viz: twenty-six were males (92.9%) and two females (7.1%). Twenty-two (78.6%) were suspected bandits who died during gun duel with law enforcement agents while six (21.4%) were bodies that were accident victims and unclaimed bodies. Four of the unclaimed bodies were males (66.7%) while females were two (33.3%). The majority of bodies that were those of suspected bandits were males and they were twenty-two(100%) while no female (0%) was recorded. No record of voluntary donation of cadavers for anatomy dissection was documented. Adequate documentation is advocated for the giving hospital and the receiving medical school. It is suggested that anatomists embarkon a more aggressive enlightenment campaign to the society to encourage those that might be willing to voluntarily will their body after dying to further the quest of knowledge to do so.
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BRITISH TRAINING AND UROLOGICAL PRACTICE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - Olapade-Olaopa, E.O.; Adebayo, Sikiru A.; Ajamu, Olushola; Ukachukwu, Alvan-Emeka K.; Shittu, O B; Okeke, L.I. (BJU International, 2010)
BJU InternationalVolume 105, Issue 10 p. 1353-1355 BRITISH TRAINING AND UROLOGICAL PRACTICE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa, Corresponding Author E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa Surgery and Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaE. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa, College of Medicine, Surgery, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan PO Box 7193, Nigeria.e-mail: okeoffa@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorS. Adekola Adebayo, S. Adekola Adebayo Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorOlushola Ajamu, Olushola Ajamu Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorAlvan Ukachukwu, Alvan Ukachukwu Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorOlayiwola Shittu, Olayiwola Shittu Surgery and Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorLinus Okeke, Linus Okeke Surgery and Urology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, andSearch for more papers by this author E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa, Corresponding Author E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa Surgery and Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaE. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa, College of Medicine, Surgery, University of Ibadan, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan PO Box 7193, Nigeria.e-mail: okeoffa@yahoo.comSearch for more papers by this authorS. Adekola Adebayo, S. Adekola Adebayo Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorOlushola Ajamu, Olushola Ajamu Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorAlvan Ukachukwu, Alvan Ukachukwu Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorOlayiwola Shittu, Olayiwola Shittu Surgery and Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSearch for more papers by this authorLinus Okeke, Linus Okeke Surgery and Urology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, andSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09261.xCitations: 1 This paper was presented in part at the 9th BJUI Lecture at the 2009 BAUS Meeting, as ‘An African Urological Safari: Is the “Britisher” the Hunter or the Hunted’ Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume105, Issue10May 2010Pages 1353-1355 RelatedInformation
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How religious education teachers understand and implement a multi-faith curriculum : case studies from Botswana - Dinama, Baamphatlha (2010)
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Perspectives on community-school relations: a study of two schools in Ghana - Essuman, A. (2010)
In 1987, the Government of Ghana embarked on a process to decentralise education management to districts throughout the country as part of a programme of wider social and democratic governance reforms. A vital element of this reform was the prescription of active community participation in the affairs of schools within their localities. The establishment of school management committees (SMCs) was to create a new school governance landscape based on community participation, as well as devolution of power to the metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies. In this regard, considerable attention has been focused on central government‟s understanding of how this devolution of authority to communities and schools should work and how communities should assume responsibility for increased participation in schools. From the inception of this policy over two decades ago, there seems to have been no feedback through research findings or diagnostic policy reviews on how this new role of the community has been received, interpreted and executed in its engagement with schools, particularly in the rural poor and underserved areas. Mindful of this, this study sought to explore the multiple understandings of how community and school relations work, as well as the challenges and pressures which influence community – school relationships. The study employed the qualitative methods of interview and documentary analysis to collect data on the understanding and experiences of community – school relations from SMCs and PTAs; other members of the community; the school; and education management. The findings suggest that many of the theoretical and policy expectations about representation and participation in school improvement through the SMC and PTA concept are only evident in form and not in practice. Furthermore, in poor rural contexts, it is often the comparatively better educated and influential members of the community, including informal groups who become the new brokers of decision-making, and who through their actions close spaces for the genuine representation and participation of others. In some cases, SMCs seldom work as the de facto representatives of the community, as decisions are made and critical interactions occur outside this formal structure for community representation and engagement in school governance. This affects the visibility of SMCs and undermines their credibility and capacity to play their intended role. Moreover, the degree of community participation in schools appears to be shaped by the school fulfilling community expectations of schooling and on a „social contract‟ based on the principle of reciprocity. These findings support the view that the fate of schools is increasingly tied to and powerfully shaped by key players at the local level, and that this happens through more informal and traditional roles which are more trusted but not necessarily representative of the image presented by policy on community participation in school governance. The findings also highlight the threat to voluntarism, a key assumption of the policy on community participation and the importance of seeking ways in which schools can play a more active role as change agents in the community, thereby legitimising in the community‟s eyes their importance in the life of the community.
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The transition from districts to regions : a case study of restructuring in a provincial education department of South Africa - Mashele, Elijah Phukwana (2010)
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Education policy and social justice in higher education : a South African case study - Tjabane, Masebala (2010)
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E-Health Application Virtualization for Nigerian Teaching Hospitals: A Cloud Computing Approach - Rita, Desmennu Senanu; Nicholas, Ikhu-Omoregbe; Korede, Ayo Charles (2010)
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Spectral enhancement of SPOT imagery data to assess marine pollution near Port Said, Egypt - Kaiser, Mona F.; Aboulela, Hamdy A.; El‐Serehy, Hamed A.; Edin, H. Ezz (International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010)
Satellite image data were used to detect, monitor and map different pollutants at five study sites along the El-Gamil beach, including El-Debba, El-Manasra, El-Fardous and El-Gamil inlets and the El-Gamil airport. The images were rectified and analysed by ERDAS IMAGINE 8.7. Image processing techniques were applied using ENVI 4.2 to analyse the SPOT image data (10 m resolution) for 2006. Image enhancement, principal component analysis (PCA), band ratios and supervised/unsupervised classifications were applied. Surface water samples were collected during the winter of 2005 and the summer of 2006. Water contamination was found to be higher in the summer than in the winter. SPOT image data from the summer, therefore, was selected to verify the results of metal analysis. Different pollutants detected along the El Manasra and El Debba sites are associated with industrial development, and discharge from natural gas companies and electric power generating stations. Significant water pollution is not unique to this region of the Mediterranean Sea, but is increasingly common at coastal locations throughout the globe. To protect both the marine environment and commercial interests that depend on clean water and beaches (e.g. beach resorts), effective wastewater management practices must be designed, implemented and maintained, along with reasonable development policies. Remote sensing may be an important tool for monitoring the effectiveness of any pollution mitigation strategies.
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Enhancing rural learning, linkages, and institutions: the rice videos in Africa - Mele, Paul Van; Wanvoeke, Jonas; Zossou, Espérance (Development in Practice, 2010)
Africa Rice Center (WARDA) facilitated the development and translation of 11 rice videos. From 2005 to 2009, WARDA partners translated them into more than 30 African languages. Open-air video presentations enhanced learning, experimentation, confidence, trust, and group cohesion among rural people. The videos strengthened capacities of more than 500 organisations and hundreds of thousands of farmers. WARDA's integrated rural learning approach also helped women to access new markets and credit. Learning videos allow for unsupervised learning; unleash local creativity and experimentation; facilitate institutional innovations; and improve social inclusion of the poor, youth, and women.
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Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa - Sowers, Jeannie L.; Vengosh, Avner; Weinthal, Erika (Climatic Change, 2010)
Through an examination of global climate change models combined with hydrological data on deteriorating water quality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), we elucidate the ways in which the MENA countries are vulnerable to climate-induced impacts on water resources. Adaptive governance strategies, however, remain a low priority for political leaderships in the MENA region. To date, most MENA governments have concentrated the bulk of their resources on large-scale supply side projects such as desalination, dam construction, inter-basin water transfers, tapping fossil groundwater aquifers, and importing virtual water. Because managing water demand, improving the efficiency of water use, and promoting conservation will be key ingredients in responding to climate-induced impacts on the water sector, we analyze the political, economic, and institutional drivers that have shaped governance responses. While the scholarly literature emphasizes the importance of social capital to adaptive governance, we find that many political leaders and water experts in the MENA rarely engage societal actors in considering water risks. We conclude that the key capacities for adaptive governance to water scarcity in MENA are underdeveloped.
Keywords: openalex:import

Predicting and mapping malaria under climate change scenarios: the potential redistribution of malaria vectors in Africa - Tonnang, Henri E. Z.; Kangalawe, Richard Y. M.; Yanda, Pius Z. (Malaria Journal, 2010)
Malaria is rampant in Africa and causes untold mortality and morbidity. Vector-borne diseases are climate sensitive and this has raised considerable concern over the implications of climate change on future disease risk. The problem of malaria vectors (Anopheles mosquitoes) shifting from their traditional locations to invade new zones is an important concern. The vision of this study was to exploit the sets of information previously generated by entomologists, e.g. on geographical range of vectors and malaria distribution, to build models that will enable prediction and mapping the potential redistribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in Africa.The development of the modelling tool was carried out through calibration of CLIMEX parameters. The model helped estimate the potential geographical distribution and seasonal abundance of the species in relation to climatic factors. These included temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, which characterized the living environment for Anopheles mosquitoes. The same parameters were used in determining the ecoclimatic index (EI). The EI values were exported to a GIS package for special analysis and proper mapping of the potential future distribution of Anopheles gambiae and Anophles arabiensis within the African continent under three climate change scenarios.These results have shown that shifts in these species boundaries southward and eastward of Africa may occur rather than jumps into quite different climatic environments. In the absence of adequate control, these predictions are crucial in understanding the possible future geographical range of the vectors and the disease, which could facilitate planning for various adaptation options.Thus, the outputs from this study will be helpful at various levels of decision making, for example, in setting up of an early warning and sustainable strategies for climate change and climate change adaptation for malaria vectors control programmes in Africa.
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Schistosoma haematobium: Prevalence and socio-economic factors among students in Cape Coast Ghana - Okanla, EO; Agba, BN; Awotunde, JO (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010)
Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infections was assessed among 160 students of Twohofo Holy International School, Cape Coast, Ghana.Overall prevalence was 34.4%, with males and females having prevalence of 32.3% and 35.8% respectively.Age group 6-8 years had 30% while 24.2% were infected in age group 9-11 years.Prevalence was 48% in age group 12-14 years and 50% in age group 15-17 years.Parental occupation had effect on prevalence with children of self employed parents showing significantly higher prevalence than children of salaried employees of government and private companies.Knowledge of the disease was very low among the subjects.
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Trachoma visual impairment in a SAFE area in Ethiopia - Roba, Assegid Aga; Zondervan, Marcia; Patel, Daksha (Tropical doctor, 2010)
A cross-sectional survey of visual impairment (VI) was undertaken in the Enemor district in Southern Ethiopian where five years of trachoma control programme has been implemented using the SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Face washing, Environmental hygiene) strategy. The prevalence of VI (presenting visual acuity in the better eye < 6/18) in 451 people above 40 years of age was 22% (CI: 17.6 to 27.6) and most of it was accounted for by cataract (67%) and trachoma (13%). Whereas cataract remains a prominent cause, contribution of trachoma among leading causes of VI is declining in communities where SAFE strategy has been implemented.
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Modeling Water Reallocation Policies in a CGE Framework: The Impact of Drought on the Kenyan Economy - Spinelli, Adriano (2010)
Climate change and human pressure on water resources make water management policies primordial in the agenda of policy makers. I first propose a literature review of the works on Water Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Models suggesting the following classification: (i) competition between sectors; (ii) water pricing policies and tariffs; (iii) water and trade issues; (iv) CGE and other models. Secondly, the effects of droughts on the Kenyan economy are studied by means of a static CGE model, calibrated on the 2003 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Kenya. As a water scarce Sub-Saharan country, Kenya is among those countries considered particularly exposed to drought problems. This has been witnessed in recent years by several recurring droughts (1994, 1998-2000, 2001, and 2003) which have harshly hit the most vulnerable part of the country, namely the Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASAL). Besides, I propose the introduction of several taxation schemes in order to produce an extra revenue to be either reinvested in increasing the efficiency of the water sector in Kenya, or redistributed to the poorest rural households. Finally we simulate the implementation of the UN-FAO and World Bank “Arid Land and Resource Management Project” (ALRMP). The results show that, firstly, the effects of reducing water endowment are stronger than when increasing water endowment. Secondly, simulating a drought scenario – where not just water endowment but also availability of land and the productivity of selected activities are reduced - gives a more coherent picture of the outcomes. Thirdly, taxing raw water (the water factor) may negatively affect rural dwellers as they are owners of water resources. Finally, I found that the ALRMP has a positive impact on mitigating the negative effects of droughts in Kenyan ASAL.
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Financing Higher Education in Africa (2010)
Keywords: openalex:import

Urinary schistosomiasis and concomitant urinary tract pathogens among school children in metropoitan Ibadan, Nigeria - Adeyeba, Oluwaseyi Adegboyega; Ojeaga, S.G.T. (African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2010)
This study on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and concomitant urinary tract pathogens was carried out between August and December, 1998, among school children in Ibadan North Local Government Area.Terminal urine sample collected from only pupils in classes 3 to 6 for the study were analyzed accordingly using the methods as described.Of the 1600 pupils examined, 920 (57.5%) who had the ova of Schistosoma haematobium also had pyuria; 75.4% of which had concomitant bacteriuria.There was no significant difference in the distribution of schistosomasis among sexes as against age influence.Symptoms of haematuria are not pathognomonic of the infection.Result shows that there is a linear relationship between scream water contact/ usage and infection rate.The bacteriuria isolated included Klebsiella sp.; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus with Esch.Coli occurring more frequently than the rest.The antibiogram of the isolates revealed that Tarivid and perfloxacin were the most effective drugs in case management of concomitant bacteriuria among the school children.The components of control of urinary schistosomisasis are highlighter.The integration of complementary strategies would lead to a great success in control effort.
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Supervision as an instrument of teaching – learning effectiveness: challenge for the Nigerian practice - Bessong, Fidelis Ejar; Ojong, Felix E. (Global journal of educational research. (Crossriver), 2010)
There are gaps in teacher preparation in Nigeria, such as limited contents of teaching subjects as well as deficiencies in pedagogy and length of practice, which affect the quality of instruction in Nigerian schools. There is, therefore, need for the supervisor, who should be knowledgeable, committed and tactful enough to sense teachers’ failings, suggest appropriate solutions and evaluate the progress of corrective programmes, in order to achieve improved school instruction. This paper presents models to analyze the capabilities of individual teachers, schools and educational systems for supervising teachers for improved instruction in school.KEY WORDS: supervisor, model, instruction, school programme, techniques, and supervision
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Financing higher education in Africa - Experton, William; Fèvre, Chloë (2010)
This report demonstrated that the key for success in a globalized world lies increasingly in how effectively a country can assimilate the available knowledge and build comparative advantages in areas with good growth prospects and how it can use technology to address the most pressing environmental challenges. Higher-level institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa that is equipped to impart quality education and conduct relevant applied research can play a critical role in producing workers with the skills to assimilate technology and make effective decisions that help industry to diversify into a broader range of products. Good-quality and relevant higher education is also a key to stimulating innovations in new varieties of crops, new materials, or sources of energy that would facilitate progress toward reducing poverty, achieving food security, and improving health. This report is a follow-up to the 2008 study. It examines current practices in financing higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa, taking into account the significant differences that exist among countries. Drawing on experience from around the world, the report also examines the range of policy options that could be considered in tackling the financing issue. The report also carries an encouraging message. It shows that a full range of options do exist and that some African countries and institutions have started implementing them. Private higher education is experiencing spectacular growth in Africa. Cost-sharing programs are being implemented in many universities, accompanied by student loans and financial aid for low-income students. Higher education is being diversified to offer lower cost and more effective delivery alternatives. In a few cases, impressive reforms to improve internal efficiency have been implemented, and governments are increasingly adopting more effective budget management practices.
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Can treatment of malaria be restricted to parasitologically confirmed malaria? A school-based study in Benin in children with and without fever - Faucher, Jean‐François; Makoutodé, Patrick; Abiou, Grace; Béhéton, Todoégnon; Houzé, Pascal; Ouendo, Edgard-Marius; Houzé, Sandrine; Deloron, Philippe; Cot, Michel (Malaria journal (Online), 2010)
Abstract Background Applying the switch from presumptive treatment of malaria to new policies of anti-malarial prescriptions restricted to parasitologically-confirmed cases is a still unsolved challenge. Pragmatic studies can provide data on consequences of such a switch. In order to assess whether restricting anti-malarials to rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed cases in children of between five and 15 years of age is consistent with an adequate management of fevers, a school-based study was performed in Allada, Benin. Methods Children in the index group (with fever and a negative RDT) and the matched control group (without fever and a negative RDT) were not prescribed anti-malarials and actively followed-up during 14 days. Blood smears were collected at each assessment. Self-medication with chloroquine and quinine was assessed with blood spots. Malaria attacks during the follow-up were defined by persistent or recurrent fever concomitant to a positive malaria test. Results 484 children were followed-up (242 in each group). At day 3, fever had disappeared in 94% of children from the index group. The incidence of malaria was similar (five cases in the index group and seven cases in the control group) between groups. Self-medication with chloroquine and quinine in this cohort was uncommon. Conclusions Applying a policy of restricting anti-malarials to RDT-confirmed cases is consistent with an adequate management of fevers in this population. Further studies on the management of fever in younger children are of upmost importance.
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The disposition of distance learners towards success in their first university examinations at the winneba study centre of university of education, Winneba, Ghana. - Hordzi, Wisdom Harrison K. (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2010)
The study was carried out to find out the disposition of 2006 level 100 distance education students of the Winneba Study Centre towards success in their first university examination.In all 100 students responded to items in a questionnaire.The results indicated that few days before the examination respondents had occasional memory loss and the phenomenon of forgetting easily (mean of 1.55).Also, the night before their first paper respondents had about six hours' sleep (mean of 2.11).In the course of writing the papers respondents read over the instructions thoroughly and carefully before attempting to answer the questions (mean of 2.88).In many cases the differences between the observed and expected frequencies were very highly significant.
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Relationship between principals’ management approaches and students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Nnyandarua and Laikipia districts, Kenya - Kiumi, J. Kanjogu; Bosire, Jamlick Peter Ondieki; Sang, Anthony K. (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2010)
Students' discipline is critical to the attainment of positive school outcomes.Level of students' discipline depends on whether the principal-as the chief executive of the school-enlists the support of teachers and parents in discipline management.The study hypothesized that an inclusive discipline management approach is more likely to increase teachers' and parental input on discipline management.This may in turn raise the level of discipline.The study investigated and analysed the relationship between principals' management approaches and level of students' discipline in selected public secondary schools in Nyandarua and Laikipia districts, Kenya.Analysis of the relationship was based on school-size.Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 211 teachers, 28 principals and 22 chairpersons of parent-teachers association.Data were analysed using frequency counts and percentages and hypotheses tested using chi-square at 0.05 level of significance.The key findings revealed that principals heading large-sized schools were more inclusive compared to their counterparts in small schools.In addition, level of teachers' and parental input on discipline management increased with increase in school-size.However, the level of students' discipline was negatively related with school-size.These findings have important implications on school management with respect to training of principals and enhancing students' discipline.
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Soft drink consumption of Grade 4 and Grade 7 learners in the Wynberg area, City of Cape Town, South Africa and the factors influencing the consumption - Louwrens, Hannelise; Venter, Irma; Otty, Caralyn (Journal of dietetics and home economics, 2010)
The objectives of the study were to determine the usual daily consumption of carbonated soft drinks among Grade 4 and 7 learners in a middle to lower socioeconomic urban area and the factors that influenced the consumption. Soft drink consumption by learners was determined at two government schools in the Wynberg area (City of Cape Town). The cluster sample was 179 learners and comprised of 80 Grade 4 learners and 99 Grade 7 learners of mixed gender. A pilot tested questionnaire was used through group administration to gather the data. The results indicated that the majority of the learners (93,3%) consumed soft drinks. The usual average soft drink consumption per learner (excluding non-consumers) per day was 783 ml±510 (2,3 servings). The major reasons provided for the consumption were, it was the learners’ favourite beverage (38,3%) and the taste (28,1%). Soft drinks were the beverage consumed most often (63,5%), the beverage most often bought at the tuck shop (64,1%) and the beverage most often consumed when eating out or with take-aways (64,7%). Advertising influenced the soft drink purchases of the majority (80%) of the learners. In conclusion a high consumption of soft drinks was found for this learner group. The known factors predictive of children’s soft drink consumption were confirmed in this study. Keywords: soft drinks, beverage consumption factors, beverage consumption, South African learners, favourite beverage, popular beverage
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An investigation of the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance in secondary schools in Nyeri district, Kenya - Ndirangu, G. W; Muola, James Muthee; Kithuka, Musau; Nassiuma, Dankit (Global journal of educational research. (Crossriver), 2010)
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance among students in Nyeri district, Kenya.The correlational study design was used.The study was carried out among form four students together with their teachers.The target population was 83,000 students and 600 teachers from the District.Eighty students from four schools and 12 teachers were randomly sampled.Three instruments prepared by the researchers were administered, that is, a Students' Questionnaire, a Teachers' and a Students' Interview Schedules.The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01, t = -3.736) between test anxiety levels before and after examinations.High anxiety is experienced before the examination in all subjects.It was also established that both girls and boys are equally affected by test anxiety.The results showed that teachers do not adequately help students cope with test anxiety.There was no significant relationship (r = 0.06) between test anxiety and academic performance.It was recommended that a curriculum that is inclusive of strategies of coping with test anxiety be developed.
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Influence of gender and learned helplessness on some mathematics-related affective behaviour of Lesotho senior secondary school student - Nenty, H. Johnson; Ogwu, Edna Nwanyiuzor (Global journal of educational research. (Crossriver), 2010)
Given that mathematics is the core subject for the development of science and technology, the problem of poor and deteriorating performance in the subject among African children demands more effort by researchers than is currently the case. Several factors combine to adversely influence mathematics-related affective behaviour of and hence the performance by students in the subject. This study examines the hypotheses that gender and level of learned helplessness (LLH) significantly influences such behaviour among senior secondary school students in the Kingdom of Lesotho. Three hundred and ten students from 12 randomly selected senior secondary schools in Lesotho completed questionnaires assessing their LLH in mathematics and some other mathematics-related affective variables. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA indicated that gender and the LLH in mathematics significantly influences students’ attitude towards mathematics. Students with high LLH showed poor attitude towards mathematics, attach less value to mathematics and have high tendency to cheat in mathematics exam. However, students with low LLH showed more positive attitude and value towards mathematics and a low tendency to cheat during mathematics examination. These findings were discussed and recommendations were made.KEYWORDS: Gender; learned helplessness; attitude towards mathematics; value attached to mathematics
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In-service training and job performance of librarians in university libraries in south south zone Nigeria - Nkebem, EN (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2010)
There is a dearth of literature in the relationship between in-service training and job performance of librarians in Nigerian Universities in the South South zone of Nigeria. This study examines the relationship between in-service training and job performance of Librarians in University Libraries in Nigeria. A sample size of 172 Librarians was drawn from 11 University Libraries in the zone. One hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The statistical analyses used were Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and simple Regression Analysis. The result showed a significant relationship between in-service training and job performance of Librarians (r = 0.2757); r2, = 0.076, df = 170. Critical r = 0.195. The result also showed that in-service training can significantly predict the job performance of librarians in Nigeria (F = 13.943; df = 1,170; critical f = 3.84; x = 0.05). Recommendations are made based on these results.KEY WORDS: In-service training; job performance; librarians; university libraries; relationship
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Students' Knowledge and Information Needs on HIV/AIDS in Nigeria - Nwezeh, Chinwe M. T. (Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 2010)
The advent of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the world has forced all of us to accept a paradigm shift from curing towards caring. This has led us to focus our interventions on caring for the physical as well as the psychological welfare of the HIV-positive individuals and his/her significant others. A descriptive survey was used to determine the knowledge awareness level of information services put in place for the prevention and care of HIV/AIDS for students of tertiary institutions in Osun State of Nigeria. The findings revealed that students of tertiary institutions in Osun State of Nigeria have high knowledge of the meaning of HIV/AIDS and they are aware that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. This study also focuses on the practical work of librarians, information specialists, and health workers in caring for the physical as well as the psychological needs of the HIV-positive individuals and his/her significant others.
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Opinions of Nigerian students in tertiary institutions on family size - Omobude-Idiado, S.N; Konwea, E.P (Global journal of educational research. (Crossriver), 2010)
The study examined the opinions of Nigerian students in tertiary institutions on their ideal family size. It was conducted among students in four tertiary institutions in Edo State of Nigeria. A sample size of 454 final year students was randomly drawn from the halls of residence in the institutions using the stratified sampling technique. A 34-item questionnaire was the main instrument used for the study. A reliability of 0.78 was reported for the instrument using Kudder-Richardson Coefficient (20) in a pilot study with a group of students outside those used for the study. The study reveals that male and female students in tertiary institutions have negative opinion on large family size. A high percentage of Nigerian students (49.6%) desired four children. It was also found that there is no significant difference in the opinions of male and female students on family size.KEY WORD: Family Size, Nigerian students, tertiary institutions
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The television factor in vocabulary development among secondary school students in Cross River state, Nigeria - Omojuwa, J.O; Timothy, Alexander Essien; Obiekezie, EO (Global Journal of Educational Research, 2010)
This study investigated the influence of television viewing frequency on the performance in vocabulary development of SS 3 students in Cross River State, Nigeria.Data were obtained through questionnaires and a vocabulary test administered to 993 students in selected public and private schools in Cross River State.Data analyses indicated that high frequency television viewers performed significantly better than moderate viewers, while moderate viewers performed significantly better than did the low frequency viewers in vocabulary development.
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The perspective of e‐learning and libraries in Africa: challenges and opportunities - Eke, Helen (Library Review, 2010)
Purpose This paper aims to examine and discuss the crucial roles libraries play in e‐learning; the challenges and opportunities facing the e‐learning program and the library's involvement. Design/methodology/approach To elicit the necessary information, a literature review of studies done on e‐learning and libraries was done. Materials were sourced online and offline to build the literature of this work. The paper gives an overview of e‐learning and types; benefits of e‐learning; the infancy stage of e‐learning, libraries, and e‐learning technologies; starting points for libraries and e‐learning and challenges facing e‐learning. Findings A lot of challenges are facing the successful implementation of e‐learning in institutions and also the role of libraries in enhancing e‐learning needs a lot of issues to be addressed as library's involvement in e‐learning is found to be very crucial. Practical implications This paper establishes that libraries are the heart of institutions and so, are meant to play a vital role in the learning activities, as well as support all kinds of learning which includes e‐learning. There is also need for librarians to be trained in adopting e‐learning technologies and collaborating with faculties and departments in tutoring the learners. Originality/value The study possesses two characteristics that make it different from other studies in the related area. First of all, it provides a theoretical basis for librarians to be actively involved in e‐learning as it listed some responsibilities of the library and librarians in executing e‐learning programmes. Secondly, the paper proposes six laws (Sm 2 U 2 L) to govern e‐learning and libraries.
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Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies in a population of students of tertiary institution in Nigeria - Mabayoje, V. O.; Akinwusi, PO; Opaleye, Oluyinka Oladele; Egbewale, Bolaji Emmanuel; Fagbami, AH; Aboderin, AO (African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2010)
Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.They are also among the commonest transfusiontransmissible infectious agents.Students of higher institutions are often used as voluntary unpaid donors by many hospitals in Nigeria.In this study, the prevalence of HIV and HCV and HBsAg is determined in a population of students attending Ladoke Akintola University of Technology in south west Nigeria, to provide background information on the burden of these infections in this population.Materials and Methods: Serum samples were obtained from students of the Pre-degree Science programme of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho and tested for antibodies to HIV, HCV and HBsAg using the ELISA procedure.Results: The prevalence rates of antibodies to HIV and HCV in the student population were 0% and 4.8%, respectively and that of HBsAg was 9.5%.Conclusion: The findings of this study which showed that the prevalence of antibodies to HIV and of HBsAg in this group of students is somewhat similar to those carried out in similar populations.This strongly suggests that the viral burden amongst this population of students is similar and that probably similar factors (demographic) are responsible for maintaining this level of viral load.Further studies would be needed to elucidate the reasons why this is the case.Also it would be necessary to reemphasize the methods of prevention of transmission of these viruses, and to ensure their implementation in order to reduce the viral levels and therefore avoid the long term sequalae.
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Voices of promise: Understanding African American student academic and social perceptions of experiences in military base schools - Martin-McCoy, Audrey K. (2010)
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Severity and socio-demographic correlates of deperssion among cancer patients admitted in a Nigerian Teaching hospital - Nuhu, Folorunsho Tajudeen; Odejide, Olabisi A.; Adebayo, Kazeem Olaide; Adejumo, Olubukola. (Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010)
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A Critical Review of Recent Trends in Basic and Secondary Schools Enrolments in Ghana - Yusif, Hadrat; Yussof, Ishak (Journal of the University of Science and Technology, 2010)
With data covering the period from 2001 to 2008, this paper investigates trends in enrolments for primary schools, junior high schools (JHS) and senior high schools (SHS) in Ghana. First, we discovered that at the primary level, the significant educational development in the last two decades covered the North and the South equally. Gross enrolment ratio (GER) was 95.7% for the North compared with 95.8% for the South in the 2007/2008 academic year. Second, we found that at the JHS and SHS levels though the North has achieved significant growth, the enrolment gap between the North and South has not been narrowed. GER figures for JHS and SHS are 67.4% and 22% respectively for the North compared with 81.2% and 33.3% for the South. However, regional educational attainment Gini coefficients computed showed that in the 2007/2008 academic year educational attainment distribution in the North was more equitable than in the South. This is an indication of dramatic improvement of education opportunities in that part of the country.
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A critical assessment of postgraduate real estate education in the Republic of South Africa - Chikafalimani, Samuel H.P. (2010)
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'Small' and 'grand narratives' of English teaching and social agency in South Africa post-1994 - Sarinjeive, Devi (Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde, 2010)
At Vista in recent times in order to be relevant lecturers in the English Department have had to extend the literature, theory and academic reading and writing repertoire to include new modules, such as ENG5009: Reading and Writing Skills for Business English . Students study the workings of groups in business, how to identify and manage conflict situations, conduct meetings, compose notices, agendas, minutes, reports and presentations and how to manage time and the rules of grammar. In this paper I seek to show that from a postmodernist perspective ENG5009 is to some extent a response to the local context, a Lyotardian ‘small narrative' (‘petit recit') in its own right and, simultaneously, traceable to the ‘grand narratives'(‘grands recits') of English produced and reproduced continuously since its inception as a field of study. Moreover, as a ‘grand narrative' post-apartheid offspring, ENG5009, the type of English now demanded both locally and globally, will be shown to be complicitous with ‘neo-colonialism'. Keywords: small and grand narratives, English the subject, English as literacy, social agency [Jnl for Language Teaching Vol.37(2) 2003: 268-280]
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School-based participatory health education for malaria control in Ghana: engaging children as health messengers - Ayi, Irène; Nonaka, Daisuke; Adjovu, Josiah K; Hanafusa, Shigeki; Jimba, Masamine; Bosompem, Kwabena M.; Mizoue, Tetsuya; Takeuchi, Tsutomu; Boakye, Daniel; Kobayashi, Jun (Malaria journal (Online), 2010)
School children have been increasingly recognized as health messengers for malaria control. However, little evidence is available. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of school-based malaria education intervention on school children and community adults.This study was conducted in the Dangme-East district of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, between 2007 and 2008. Trained schoolteachers designed participatory health education activities and led school children to disseminate messages related to malaria control to their communities. Three schools and their respective communities were chosen for the study and assigned to an intervention group (one school) and a control group (two schools). Questionnaire-based interviews and parasitological surveys were conducted before and after the intervention, with the intervention group (105 children, 250 community adults) and the control group (81 children, 133 community adults). Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to analyse differences in knowledge, practices, and parasite prevalence between pre- and post-intervention.After the intervention, the misperception that malaria has multiple causes was significantly improved, both among children and community adults. Moreover, the community adults who treated a bed net with insecticide in the past six months, increased from 21.5% to 50.0% (p < 0.001). Parasite prevalence in school children decreased from 30.9% to 10.3% (p = 0.003). These positive changes were observed only in the intervention group.This study suggests that the participatory health education intervention contributed to the decreased malaria prevalence among children. It had a positive impact not only on school children, but also on community adults, through the improvement of knowledge and practices. This strategy can be applied as a complementary approach to existing malaria control strategies in West African countries where school health management systems have been strengthened.
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Concretising empowerment through school profiles : Lessons from Nigeria and Tanzania - Heslop, Jo; Audu, Ruth; Kishekya, Dunstan (2010)
The paper aims to introduce a way of examining gender and empowerment at the school level using a school profile tool that has been developed by the Transforming Education for Girls in Nigeria and Tanzania (TEGINT) project. The school profile compiles data on gendered school processes, outcomes and actions collected in a baseline study across 129 schools in Northern Nigeria and Tanzania. We will share lessons on how it has been of help in understanding gendered processes, challenges and opportunities at the school, district and state level to guide community intervention and advocacy work with government to make schools better places for girls. We will also focus on two aspects of the school profiles. Firstly, we will look at how school management actions or inactions may or may not be addressing girl’s perceptions of obstacles to their schooling. Secondly, we are interested in how well perceptions of girls, teachers, head teachers and school management committee members match data collected through baseline surveys on efforts (school level activism) and outcomes (gender parity in access, retention and achievement) in girls’ education and why might there be discrepancies. Although there is some theoretical work on empowerment (e.g. Kabeer, 1999; Veneklasen and Miller, 2002; Gaventa, 2006), applying this knowledge to the field of enhancing girls’ rights to and within education is limited. Perceptions of obstacles facing girls and how well the school is addressing them are critical in determining the action that is taken to transform education for girls, and we aim to highlight these connections through the school profiles and consider what it means for girls’ education.
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Breast self examination and breast cancer: Knowledge and practice among female medical students in a Kenyan university - Kimani, Samuel; Muthumbi, Esther M. (The Annals of african surgery, 2010)
Background: Medical students play an important role in creating a supportive environment within their communities for screening behaviours in health promotion. Medical students must possess the appropriate knowledge concerning breast self examination (BSE) and breast cancer to be effective health educators. objective: To investigate the level of knowledge concerning BSE and breast cancer and to evaluate the practice of BSE among female medical students. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptive study conducted between March and June 2008 involving female students drawn from schools within the College of Health sciences, University of Nairobi. The questionnaires contained items on the biodata, knowledge and practice of BSE and knowledge on breast cancer. Responses on awareness on breast cancer were weighed using a 3-point Likert’s scale. Results: A total of 169 respondents were interviewed. Majority (94.6%) had heard about BSE with 114 (69.9%) having ever practiced it. Less than 20% of the respondents performed BSE regularly. There were no significant differences between clinical and preclinical students. Mass media was the most common source of information (45.2%). Relatives an formal lectures formed the least (7%) source of information for the respondents. Significant interschool differences on knowledge and practice are presented. Conclusion: Despite being aware, a significant proportion of female medical students do not practice BSE. Information dissemination regarding breast health is underprovided among family members. Recommendation: Programs targeting improved propagation of information and BSE especially among medical trainees should be instituted so as to strengthen health promotion in the community. Key words: Breast self examination, breast cancer, female medical students
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A study of the impact of a development programme for teachers of mathematics and physical science in rural secondary schools in South Africa - Pandey, Dhruwa (2010)
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The Complexity of Developing Properly Trained Education Professionals for African American Children: Exploring an African Indigenous Socialization Process - Shockley, Kmt G. (The Urban Review, 2010)
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Dokhan volcanics of Gabal Monqul area, North Eastern Desert, Egypt: geochemistry and petrogenesis - Wahed, Adel A. A. Abdel; Ali, Khaled G.; Khalil, Magdy T.; Gawad, Ahmed E. Abdel (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2010)
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Higher Education in Africa: The Dynamics of International Partnerships and Interventions (2010)
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Higher Education, Donor Organizations, Nation States, and Development: The Public Donor Dimension in Africa - Bassett, Roberta Malee; Maldonado‐Maldonado, Alma (2010)
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Acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing among medical students in Jos, Nigeria - Daniyam, Comfort A; Agaba, Patricia; Agaba, Emmanuel I (Journal of infection in developing countries (Online), 2010)
Various preventive strategies have been employed to curb the spread of HIV infection as there is presently no cure. Abstinence, avoidance of multiple sexual partners, condom use, voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and treatment of HIV-infected individuals form the cornerstone of HIV prevention. This study assessed the acceptability of VCT among medical students in a single institution in NigeriaSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to clinical medical students of the University of Jos in a cross-sectional study.Out of a total of 368 students surveyed, 178 (50.7%) have had VCT. There was no significant difference between the proportion of males and females who had had VCT previously (48.9% of males and 56.3% of females; chi(2) = 1.65, OR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.46-1.20; p = 0.19). The majority of the respondents (83.1%) would want to have VCT. Fear of a positive test result was the main reason given by those who would be unwilling to be tested. Gender had no effect on the willingness of the subjects to have VCT as 81.8% of males and 87.1% of females were predisposed to it (chi(2) = 1.95; OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.31-1.26). VCT acceptability was similar among sexually active and inactive respondents (80.2% and 80.2% respectively; chi(2) = 0.018, p = 0.99).Awareness of VCT services and acceptability of VCT among medical students is high. These students can be role models for the optimization of VCT services.
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Selective Secondary Education and School Participation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malawi - Hoop, Jacobus de (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
Large scale tracking policies, allowing academically apt pupils to enter a select group of secondary schools, can be found in many Sub-Saharan countries. However, evidence on the impact of these policies on school outcomes, especially school participation, is limited. This paper fills this gap by providing regression discontinuity evidence on the impact of Malawi's tracking program. The analysis is based on unique institutional data covering an entire cohort of pupils. Estimates show that Malawi's tracking program raises school participation of top students without a reduction in pupil learning. These findings have implications for education policy in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Entrepreneurship education and the creation of an enterprise culture: provisional results from an experiment in Egypt - Kirby, David A.; Ibrahim, Nagwa (International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2010)
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Athletic Voices and Academic Victories: African American Male Student-Athlete Experiences in the Pac-Ten - Martin, Brandon; Harrison, C. Keith; Stone, Jeffrey A.; Lawrence, Suzanne Malia (Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 2010)
The purpose of this study was to explore participants’ academic experiences and confidence about their academic achievement. Participants ( N = 27) consisted of high-achieving African American male student—athletes from four academically rigorous American universities in the Pac-Ten conference. Most of the participants competed in revenue-generating sports and were interviewed to obtain a deeper understanding of their successful academic experiences. Utilizing a phenomenological approach four major themes emerged: “I Had to Prove I’m Worthy,” “I’m a Perceived Threat to Society,” “It’s About Time Management,” and “It’s About Pride and Hard Work.” Stereotype threat and stereotype reactance are investigated in relation to findings. Recommendations for scholars and practitioners that work with student-athletes are also articulated.
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5 - GATS and Higher Education in Nigeria: A Preliminary Investigation of the Indicative Patterns of Consumption Abroad by Nigerians - Olaniyan, Olanrewaju; Bankole, Abiodun S.; Oyeranti, Olugboyega A. (Métropole (Rabat), 2010)
This article presents some preliminary evidence on the existence and magnitude of consumption abroad and the type of trade in higher education, using a combination of advertisement survey data by Nigerians during 2001-2006 and secondary data on Nigerians enrolled in universities outside the coun- try. We found that higher education consumption abroad is increasing with- out explicit regulation by Nigeria’s regulatory bodies. The findings also point to the development of a market for local recruiting agencies and the need for regulation not only for quality control but also to avoid collusion between local students recruiting agencies, foreign higher education providers and foreign embassies. The study therefore proposes the setting up of a techni- cal committee to advise on issues concerning negotiations on higher educa- tion during the WTO rounds and also provide a clear framework on the process and dynamics of the trade for the benefit of the citizens and the country.
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Prevalence of Stunting, Underweight and Obesity in School Aged Children in Uyo, Nigeria - Opara, D. C.; Ikpeme, Enobong Emmanuel; Ekanem, Uwemedimbuk Smart (Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010)
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Tanzanian student nurses perception of their clinical experience - Mnzava, Moses; Savage, Angela Ruth (Tanzania health research bulletin, 2010)
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Oral health status and treatment needs among school children in Sana’a City, Yemen - AL-Haddad, Khaled A; Al-Hebshi, Nezar N.; Alakhali, Mohammed Sultan (International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 2010)
Data on the oral health status and treatment needs among Yemeni children are lacking.To assess caries prevalence, treatment needs and gingival health status among school children in Sana'a City and to examine how these are affected by age, gender and khat chewing.1489 children (6- to 14-year old) were randomly selected from 27 schools representing all nine districts of Sana'a City. Dental caries and treatment needs were evaluated using standard WHO oral survey methods. The plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI) and the gingival index (GI), recorded at the six Ramfjord's teeth, were used to assess gingival health status.4.1% of the study subjects were caries-free. Prevalence of these was significantly higher among the males. Overall, mean dmfs, dmft, DMFS and DMFT scores were 8.45, 4.16, 3.59 and 2.25 respectively. The decayed component accounted for >85% of the scores. The highest dmfs/dmft means were found among the 6-8 years age group, while the highest DMFS/DMFT means were scored by the 12-14 years age group. The need for restorative treatment and extractions was high; the former was significantly higher among the females. All subjects had gingivitis; the mean PI, CI and GI were 1.25, 0.3 and 1.36 respectively. Khat chewing did not affect caries experience; however, it was significantly associated with higher PI, CI and GI scores.The prevalence of caries, gingivitis and treatment needs among children in Sana'a city is high. More surveys in other Yemeni cities to generate comprehensive data are required.
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Learning support : perceptions and experiences of remote distance learners from marginalised communities in Botswana - Gatsha, Godson (2010)
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Basic education reform in Mozambique : the policy of curriculum change and the practices at Marrere teachers college - Guro, Manuel (2010)
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Generating information required in climate change studies in Swaziland - Matondo, Jonathan I. (Water International, 2010)
The science behind the generation of information required to evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources in Swaziland is presented. Three general circulation models (GCMs) namely: Canadian Climate Change Equilibrium (CCC-EQ); Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and United Kingdom Transient Resilient (UKTR) were found appropriate for use to project the temperature and precipitation changes for Swaziland for year 2075 for low, medium and high climate change scenarios and for dry, average and wet year conditions.
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The Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity Among African American Youth in Low-Income Urban Schools - Murray, Christopher J L; Zvoch, Keith (The Journal of Early Adolescence, 2010)
This study investigates the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Inventory of Teacher-Student Relationships (IT-SR), a measure that was developed by adapting the widely used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachments (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) for use in the context of teacher-student relationships. The instrument was field tested with a sample of African American students from low-income backgrounds (N = 171). An exploratory factor analysis was estimated with a randomly selected half of the sample. Three factors pertaining to Communication, Trust, and Alienation in relationships emerged. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the remainder of the sample. Goodness-of-fit indices indicated that the three factor structure fit the data reasonably well. Scores on each of the three factors correlated with scores on other, existing measures of teacher-student relationship quality as well as with indicators of emotional, behavioral, and school-related adjustment. Implications for research on teacher-student relationships are discussed.
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Communicative interactions in desegregated South African classrooms - Nesamvuni, Priscilla Tshisikhawe (2010)
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A review of scientifc linkages and interactions between climate change and air quality, with implications for air quality management in South Africa - Thambiran, Tirusha; Diab, R. D. (South African Journal of Science, 2010)
In recent years there has been considerable advancement in our scientifc understanding of the linkages and interactions between climate change and air quality. A warmer, evolving climate is likely to have severe consequences for air quality due to impacts on pollution sources and meteorology. Climate-induced changes to sources of tropospheric ozone precursor gases and to atmospheric circulation are likely to lead to changes in both the concentration and dispersion of near-surface ozone that could act to offset improvements in air quality. The control of air pollutants through air quality management is also likely to impact on climate change, with reductions in ozone, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide being of particular interest. The improved understanding of the relationship between air quality and climate change provides a scientific basis for policy interventions. After a review of the scientific linkages, the potential to include climate change considerations in air quality management planning processes in South Africa was examined.
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Spatiotemporal drought variability in northwestern Africa over the last nine centuries - Touchan, Ramzi; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Meko, David M.; Saad, Mohamed; Attalah, Said; Aloui, Ali (Climate Dynamics, 2010)
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Associations between Physical Activity and Health Parameters in Adolescent Pupils in Egypt - Ansari, Walid El; El-Ashker, Said; Moseley, Laurence (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2010)
Physical activity (PA) could be protective against hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. This quantitative study assessed the association between a PA intervention and three anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index, body fat) and four physiological parameters (cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) among secondary school pupils (N = 160) in Egypt through the school term. The pupils were randomised to an intervention group (80 pupils) and controls (80 pupils). Measurements were obtained for all pupils twice: at baseline; and then again after three months. The PA intervention programme comprised an 'afterschool' one hour of moderate exercise three times a week for three months. Both the controls and the intervention pupils attended the 'normal' exercise schedule provided by the school; in addition, the intervention group attended afterschool PA programme from about 2-3 o'clock in the afternoon. At baseline, employing pupil's BMI, 27.5% and 28.8% of the intervention and control pupils respectively were classified as overweight. After three months, the percentage of overweight decreased to 12.5% in the intervention pupils, while it increased to 37.3% in the controls. At the end of the three months period, there were significant improvements across most anthropometric and physiological parameters of the intervention pupils when compared with the control children. The correlation coefficient of the improvements for the boys and the girls was 0.97, indicating clearly that the intervention was having nearly the same beneficial effect for boys and girls. A moderate PA programme for a modest period of 3 months could be effective in maintaining or enhancing pupil's anthropometric and physiological parameters in comparison to the controls where there was deterioration in both parameters. Policy makers and secondary schools in Egypt might need to pay more attention to PA programmes conducted on school days, in order to motivate pupils to attend such programmes. There is also an urgent need to look at current PA systems within schools in Egypt in order to assess PA outside school times.
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Transitioning: Academic and Social Performance of African Immigrant Students in an American High School - Njue, John; Retish, Paul (Urban education (Beverly Hills, Calif.), 2010)
Student achievement data in schools are often analyzed in terms of ethnic and racial parameters. Such data categorize African immigrant students as African Americans, thus creating an impression of homogeneity within the African American racial group. Given that these immigrant students relocate to the United States with cultural backgrounds that shape their views on educational opportunities, their school experiences render a unique perspective on the dynamics of schooling in the United States. Students enroll in schools where their racial status is an important defining characteristic. Their response to the school system and the racial and social dynamics that accompany this status has definite implications for their academic and social school experiences.
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Exploring Secondary School Students' Understanding and Practices of Waste Management in Ogun State, Nigeria. - Ifegbesan, Ayodeji Peter (International journal of environmental and science education, 2010)
This study examined the level of awareness, knowledge and practices of secondary schools students with regard to waste management. Few studies have captured waste management problems in Nigerian educational institutions, particularly the views of students. Using a structured, self-administered questionnaire, 650 students were surveyed from six secondary schools in two of the four educational zones of Ogun State. Data collected were subjected to percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and chi-square statistical analyses. Findings revealed that secondary school students from the sampled zones were aware of waste problems on their school compounds, but possessed poor waste management practices. The study showed that propensity for waste management practices differ by sex, class and age of students. Significant relationships were observed between students‘ sex, age and class and their level of awareness, knowledge and practices of waste management.
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Influence of Family Perceptions of Acting White on Acculturative Stress in African American College Students - Thompson, Keisha V.; Lightfoot, Nicole L.; Castillo, Linda G.; Hurst, Morgan (International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 2010)
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Developing Post-Primary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Financial Sustainability of Alternative Pathways - Mingat, Alain; Ledoux, Blandine; Rakotomalala, Ramahatra (2010)
All countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face the prospect of a substantial increase in the number of primary school completers in the coming years. Although initial conditions vary widely from country to country, this increase will inevitably intensify pressure on the education system, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels. African countries may thus find it timely to align their education policies and strategies to the emerging challenges. A key goal is to ensure that the education system continues to develop in an efficient, equitable, and fiscally sustainable manner even as it expands to accommodate the rising numbers seeking a place in secondary and tertiary education. The rest of this report is organized as follows. Chapter two elaborates the policy context for education development in SSA. Chapter three explains the methodology and data sources. Chapter four examines the challenges and constraints posed by the sheer volume of increases in enrollments in post-primary education with which most education systems in SSA must grapple in the coming years. Taking these constraints into account, the report evaluates the scope for policy development from three perspectives in the subsequent chapters: the coverage of education systems (chapter five), the quality and cost of service delivery (chapter six), and the division of financing by public and private sources (chapter seven). The fiscal implications of plausible policy packages that SSA countries might consider are assessed in chapter eight. Chapter nine seems up the general conclusions of the report.
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Perception and practice of child labour among parents of school‐aged children in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria - Omokhodion, Folashade O.; Uchendu, Obioma (Child: Care, Health and Development, 2010)
The problem of child labour has lingered on in many countries because of the complex combination of social, cultural and economic factors involved. Parents play a critical role in child labour as it provides much needed extra income for the family. This study was carried out among parents of school-aged children in an urban, low-income community to determine the factors associated with child labour and attitudes to child labour in the community.A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban community in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to parents of school-aged children.A total of 473 parents were interviewed. They were aged between 23 and 56 years, mean 37.9 years. Thirty-nine per cent of parents indicated that they thought their school-aged children should work. More women than men, those from polygamous homes and those with lower educational status held this view. Reasons given for wanting their children to work were to supplement family income, 45%, to gain experience, 35% and to help in family business, 10%. In all, 236 (50%) respondents reported that their school-aged children were working. Parental factors associated with practice of child labour were polygamous marriage, low educational status, unskilled or partly skilled occupation and large family size. Seventeen per cent of parents with working children were not satisfied with their children's work conditions and complained of low earnings, long working hours, work on school days and unsafe work environment. Measures suggested to control child labour include addressing the issue of household poverty, public enlightenment about the ills of child labour and free education up to junior secondary level. Enforcement of child labour laws was the least mentioned.We conclude that control of child labour should be a multifaceted approach involving poverty alleviation, family planning to reduce family size and free, compulsory education up to junior secondary level. Public enlightenment especially for mothers will be of additional benefit.
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Reviews of National Policies for Education: Higher Education in Egypt 2010 (2010)
This independent review of Egypt’s higher education system focuses on areas in need of attention by policy makers and stakeholders, including governance; access; quality and effectiveness; research, development and innovation; and finance.
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Reviews of National Policies for Education: Higher Education in Egypt 2010 (2010)
This independent review of Egypt’s higher education system focuses on areas in need of attention by policy makers and stakeholders, including governance; access; quality and effectiveness; research, development and innovation; and finance.
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School Plants Planning and Students’ Learning Outcomes in South West Nigerian Secondary Schools - Ajayi, Iyiade Adeseye (International journal of educational sciences (Delhi) (Print), 2010)
Every social organization such as the school is an embodiment of human beings who interact with one another in one way or the other and having specified roles to perform in line with their assigned duties.However, there is need for effective personnel management so as to avert conflicts and equally manage conflicts when they inevitably occur.This paper examined the management of personnel in the Nigerian school system.The implementation of every policy and programme in the school system requires the contribution of the efforts of members of staff at various levels, but this cannot be achieved unless there is unity of purpose and proper coordination of activities of all the staff by the school head.The success of any organization is not only determined by the quality of personnel available, but how well these human resources are harnessed and coordinated towards realizing the goal of the organization.Among the problems that militate against effective personnel management in the Nigerian school system were disagreement on policy matters, disparity in salary structure, dictation from the political class and violent trade unionism.To this end, there is need for greater competence on the part of the management staff to enhance success.
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Integrated stratigraphy, astronomical dating and proxy records of the Ain el Beida and Loulja sections (NW Morocco). Implications for regional climate change, glacial history and the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Geologica Ultraiectina (324) - Laan, E. van der (2010)
This Ph.D. thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the origin of sedimentary colour cycles in the Bou Regreg area in NW Morocco. Sediments were deposited during the late Miocene and early Pliocene at times that the Mediterranean was isolated from the Atlantic during the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), of which the exact origin is still not understood. Because the Mediterranean evaporites are difficult to date, studying open marine parallel sections on the Atlantic side may provide a better understanding of the MSC. The main goal of this thesis is to discriminate between tectonic influences and global and regional climate variations in initiating and ending the MSC, and to establish relations between astronomical parameters and climate change. The colour cycles could be the equivalent of Mediterranean sapropels that are dominantly precession-controlled. First, a high-resolution integrated stratigraphy and tuned age model for the Ain el Beida (AEB) section is presented, dating the section between 6.47 and 5.52 Ma. The colour cycles are precession controlled and reddish layers characterized by 18O minima and Globigerinoides maxima, similar to Mediterranean sapropels. The 18O records reveal an obliquity controlled 41-kyr glacial cyclicity and fit perfectly in a global oxygen isotope framework reflecting glacial history during the latest Miocene. Peak glacial stages TG22 and TG20 post-date the onset of evaporite formation in the Mediterranean, indicating that the initiation of the MSC is not associated with a major eustatic sea-level drop. The AEB section does not include the end of the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene (M-P) boundary dated at 5.33 Ma. The integrated stratigraphic framework was extended using the Loulja section which ranges from 5.59 and 5.12 Ma and, like AEB, shows precession controlled colour cycles and a dominantly obliquity controlled 18O signal. The M-P boundary does not coincide with interglacial TG5 as previously assumed, but with a minor, precession-related shift to lighter 18O values. We thus conclude that the reflooding of the Mediterranean was not controlled by a glacio-eustatic sea level rise. However, this could have played a role in the onset of the Upper Evaporites, which coincides with the major deglaciation between stages TG12 and TG11 at ~5.54 Ma. An extensive multi-proxy study of the colour cycles at AEB shows that precession-related variations are related to ‘dry-wet’ oscillations in Northwest African climate, whereby more humid (arid) conditions occurred during precession minima (maxima). This scenario is linked to the Atlantic climate system rather than to the African monsoon because of the northward location of Ain el Beida. Obliquity-controlled glacial cycles dominate the 18O (and SST) records. Obliquity-controlled variations in 13C are inversely related to 18O, pointing to large-scale glacial-controlled variations in the deep-sea carbon reservoir. A marked ~1.0‰ negative excursion in planktonic 13C at 6.0 Ma is coupled to a final step in the closure of the Rifian Corridor. In summary, both tectonic gateway closure and climate evolution played a role during the MSC. The climate factor can be subdivided in dominantly precession controlled regional climate change and dominant obliquity driven glacial cycles.
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A study of the teaching/learning of English as a first language in a predominantly non-native English classroom in South Africa - Moyo, Joseph (2010)
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An opportunity to introduce drama in education: a case study of Children's Theatre Project in Tanzania - Njewele, Delphine Cosmas (2010)
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Critical Evaluation of Personnel Management Problems in the Nigerian School System - Owojori, A.A. (International journal of educational sciences (Delhi) (Print), 2010)
Every social organization such as the school is an embodiment of human beings who interact with one another in one way or the other and having specified roles to perform in line with their assigned duties.However, there is need for effective personnel management so as to avert conflicts and equally manage conflicts when they inevitably occur.This paper examined the management of personnel in the Nigerian school system.The implementation of every policy and programme in the school system requires the contribution of the efforts of members of staff at various levels, but this cannot be achieved unless there is unity of purpose and proper coordination of activities of all the staff by the school head.The success of any organization is not only determined by the quality of personnel available, but how well these human resources are harnessed and coordinated towards realizing the goal of the organization.Among the problems that militate against effective personnel management in the Nigerian school system were disagreement on policy matters, disparity in salary structure, dictation from the political class and violent trade unionism.To this end, there is need for greater competence on the part of the management staff to enhance success.
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Reviews of National Policies for Education: Higher Education in Egypt 2010 (2010)
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Hypermedia Learning Tool for Ethiopian Sign Language - Defersha, Endale Asefa (2010)
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Civic engagement in Kenya: Developing student leadership through service-learning - Mukuria, Valentine (2010)
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Entering the gates of the elect Obtaining the doctorate in education in South Africa - Soudien, Crain (2010)
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Assessment Of Training Needs Of Agricultural Extension Personnel In Ekiti State, Nigeria - Apata, O.M.; Adamu, CO (Global Approaches to Extension Practice: A Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2010)
Training is important in capacity building of any group of personnel. Agricultural extension personnel are not in exception to in-service training. If this is not done the efforts of agricultural development stakeholders would be jeopardized. This study was designed to assess the in-service training of agricultural extension personnel in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select 60 respondents for the study. The result showed that 83 6% of the respondents are qualified for in-service training but only 52.8% have actually gone through in-service training and only 41.5%of them enjoyed the sponsorship of their employers. There are training needs in all aspects of Agriculture, but there are more needs in animal production and health sector. All agricultural extension personnel are in dire need of in-service training but the fresh and lower cadre of staff shouldbe given a priority.Keywords: training need, extension personnel, agricultural development, capacity building.
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Level Of Job Satisfaction Of Agriculture Teachers In Gaborone, Botswana - Hulela, Kebatenne; Oladele, O. I. (Global Approaches to Extension Practice: A Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2010)
The purpose of the study was to determine the level of job satisfaction of agriculture teachers in the Gaborone region of Botswana. This is predicated on the fact that identification of specific factors related to satisfaction of agriculture teachers can foster professional growth and development. This was a descriptive survey which covered a census population of 49 agriculture teachers in Junior Secondary Schools in the Gaborone region in Botswana. Data were collected through structured questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.72. Results on the demographic characteristics of teachers of agriculture show that about 59 percent were male, and over 90 percent had teaching diploma and less than ten percent teachers having Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Education. Only 18 percent of the teachers were holding “senior teacher grade 2” and 61 percent are in the lowest rank of the teachers’ salary scale. Teachers were satisfied with interaction pattern among stakeholders (mean = 2.92) and job environment (mean=2.46) but not satisfied with opportunities for theirprofessional growth (mean=2.12), job characteristics (mean=2.28), and available resources (mean=2.34). It was concluded that teachers who differ in; level of education, gender, number of years in teaching, different salary scales, loads per week and school time tables, were moderately satisfied. These results implied that there is need to educate teachers to adegree level, promote as at when due and increase salary.Keywords: job satisfaction, agriculture, teachers, professional development, job characteristics
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Education in Africa - Jones, Thomas Jesse (2010)
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Pattern of growth of exclusively breastfed infants born at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria - Okechukwu, AA; Otokpa, GA (Mary Slessor Journal of Medicine, 2010)
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Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors - Oshodi, O Y; Aina, Olatunji F.; Onajole, AT (African journal of psychiatry, 2010)
Substance use continues to be major risk behaviour among youth, with consequent physical and/or mental health complications. The current study aimed to establish the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among selected secondary school students in Lagos.This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study among selected secondary school students in Lagos. Permission was obtained from appropriate school authorities; as well as consent from each participant. The WHO Students' Drug Use Questionnaire which had been previously validated in the country was used to obtain the drug use information from the subjects. Analysis of the data was conducted using Epi-info version 5.A total of 402 students were studied - of whom 43.5% (n=175) were males and 56.5% (n=227) females. The mean age was 15.9 years. 83.1% (n=334) lived with their parents, 7.6% (n=31) with their relatives and 7.2% (n=29) with friends. The commonest substances used by the subjects were caffeine (kolanut and coffee), mild analgesics (paracetamol and aspirin) and the antimalarials, most especially chloroquine with lifetime use prevalence rates of 85.7%, 73.8% and 65.7% respectively. Generally, the prevalence rates for lifetime use of the substances varied from 3.8% (n=14) for Heroin and Cocaine to 85.7% (n=344) for psychostimulants; and for current use varying from 2% (n=8) to 56.5% (n=213). For the so called "gateway drugs": alcohol and tobacco, their lifetime use prevalence rates were 9.2% (n=34) and 5.2% (n=19) while the lifetime use prevalence rate for cannabis was 4.4% (n=16). In terms of gender, the prevalence rates for males were generally higher than for their female counterparts except for antibiotics, analgesics, heroin and cocaine. Reasons for using substances included relief from stress, 43.5% (n=175), self medication to treat illness, 23.8% (n=96), and to stay awake at night to study, 14.9% (n=60).Substance use was found to be prevalent among students in this study involving over-the-counter and socially acceptable substances as well as the abuse of illicit substances. It is advocated that there is a need to review existing health educational programmes.
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