Anxiety Disorder amongst Secondary School Children in an Urban City in Nigeria. - Frank-Briggs, Angela Ine; Alikor, E A D (PubMed, 2010)
Anxiety is a source of concern to the clinicians as it is co morbid with other mental disorders, particularly depression and learning disabilities, and it causes low self-esteem. The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety disorder amongst secondary school children in Port Harcourt. A two-staged stratified sampling method was used to select the schools. Structured questionnaire based on Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale for anxiety and depression symptoms was used in evaluating the students. The questionnaires administered to the students were filled with the assistance of the researchers and the classroom teachers. Direct verbal interview was conducted for those noted to have symptoms of any of the various types of anxiety disorders and fears. Out of 885 students, 91 met the criteria for the diagnosis of anxiety/ depression disorder; prevalence was 10.28%, age range was 9-18 years. There were 37 males and 54 females giving a male: female ratio of 0.69:1. Majority 52 (57.14%) of the children lived with their parents, 28 (30.77%) of them lived with family relations and 11 (12.09%) of them were working as house helps to other families. The reasons given for being anxious were poor self image, fear of death, repeated physical and sexual abuses by their care givers and other adults. Learning disability was the major associated co morbid disorder (18.68%). Generalized anxiety was the most common type of anxiety disorder identified (32.97%). Anxiety disorders are debilitating chronic conditions. When it affects school aged children it contributes significantly to poor academic performance.
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The politics of Arabic language education: Moroccan immigrant children's language socialization into ethnic and religious identities - García‐Sánchez, Inmaculada M. (Linguistics and education, 2010)
This paper focuses on issues of reproduction and the manufacturing of national/ethnic and religious identities in the deterritorialized space of the Moroccan immigrant diaspora. More specifically, this paper examines Moroccan immigrant children's language socialization into pan-Arabic and Islamic identities in relation to the teaching of the Arabic language to these younger generations of Moroccans, who have either already been born in Spain, or who immigrated to Spain with their parents when they were toddlers. Moroccan immigrant children in this study attend Arabic language classes in a Spanish public school—a relatively new program jointly funded by the Spanish and Moroccan Ministries of Education—and in after-school religious classes in a small oratory-mosque run by a local Islamic cultural organization. In this paper, I address similarities and differences in linguistic and literacy practices between these two contexts, paying particular attention to how the internal dynamism of the Moroccan community itself organizes adults’ socializing efforts in relation to language education, especially where there may be some conflicting interests in achieving literacy by religious and secular elements of the children's communities of origin. Comparing language and literacy practices in the fields of Arabic language classes at the school and in the mosque allows us to trace homologies, or similarity of organization in linguistic and cultural (re)production, across these two settings, but also to uncover different kinds of strategies teachers engage in and the differential effect pursued by putting these strategies to use in the classroom. Outlining both, processes of homology and heterogeneity, is particularly important to understand the degree of redundancy in language socialization practices, as well as the possible areas of disjuncture that may impinge upon children's ability to negotiate commonality of belonging in their multiple communities.
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Challenges of the Flourishing of the Corporate University to Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia - Gebru, Tesfay Tsegay (2010)
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Teaching, Learning and Assessment Practices in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: The Quality Aspect in Focus - Girma, Melaku (2010)
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The African American Student Network: Creating Sanctuaries and Counterspaces for Coping With Racial Microaggressions in Higher Education Settings - Grier‐Reed, Tabitha (The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 2010)
African American college students face a number of race‐related stressors on predominantly White campuses. The African American Student Network is described as a potential humanistic counterspace to provide a sanctuary for these students when coping with racial microaggressions. The development and study of future humanistic interventions in this area is recommended.
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The Linking Lives Health Education Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Parent-Based Tobacco Use Prevention Program for African American and Latino Youths - Guilamo‐Ramos, Vincent; Jaccard, James; Dittus, Patricia; González, Bernardo; Bouris, Alida; Banspach, Stephen W. (American Journal of Public Health, 2010)
We evaluated the effectiveness of a parent-based add-on component to a school-based intervention to prevent cigarette smoking among African American and Latino middle school youths.Mother-adolescent dyads (n=1386) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: (1) a school-based smoking-prevention intervention or (2) the same intervention with a parent-based add-on component called Raising Smoke-Free Kids. Mothers in the experimental condition received the parent add-on component. Mothers in the control condition received information on selecting a high school. All adolescents received a version of Project Towards No Tobacco Use (TNT). The primary outcome was a reduction in adolescent cigarette smoking. Follow-up data were obtained from 1096 mother-adolescent dyads at 15 months postintervention.At follow-up, the odds of smoking cigarettes were reduced by 42% for adolescents in the parent add-on condition versus the TNT-only condition. Mothers in the parent add-on condition were more likely than were mothers in the TNT-only condition to set rules about risk-sensitive social activities and to be perceived as trustworthy by their child. Group differences also were found in the frequency and quality of mother-adolescent communication.Including parent add-on components in school-based smoking prevention programs can reduce smoking behavior on the part of inner-city middle school youths.
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African-American English: Teacher Beliefs, Teacher Needs and Teacher Preparation Programs. - Gupta, Aastha (2010)
The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate elementary school teachers’ selfperceived beliefs regarding African-American English (AAE), and their professional preparedness to address linguistic needs of AA students in the classrooms. The findings revealed three central issues: (1) teachers had limited understanding of the linguistic features of AAE, (2) teachers believed they had limited pedagogical skills to address issues related to AAE, and (3) teachers indicated that teacher education programs at the pre-service level were inadequate in preparing them for teaching students who spoke AAE in the classrooms. The study has implications for teachers’ in-service training needs regarding culturally responsive education, as well as for teacher educators in teacher preparation programs to revisit the curricula as part of education reform. Implications and recommendations for teacher preparation and program implementation are provided.
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The changing face of doctoral education in South Africa : call for papers - Herman, Chaya; Jansen, Jonathan D. (Perspectives in Education, 2010)
Doctoral education has become a contested term since the 1990s. Various factors, such as different concepts of knowledge, changes in university-industry-government relationships, the expansion in the numbers of doctoral graduates as well as diverse student population, global student mobility, accountability movement and government regulation, all have resulted in multiple research agendas and diversity of purposes and outcomes that candidates as well as policy makers expect of a doctorate. Pertinent questions have been raised about the doctorate. What is it for? How and where should it be done? What kind of person is being produced through the doctoral process and what does he or she contribute with all this knowledge?
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An Interview With Chad Holliday, (Former) CEO & Chairman, DuPont: The Relationship Between Sustainability Education and Business. - Holliday, Scot B. (Academy of Management Learning and Education, 2010)
This interview with former DuPont CEO and chairman, and current Bank of America chairman, Chad Holliday, describes how business and university education can support one another and collaborate to n...
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An Interview With Chad Holliday, (Former) CEO & Chairman, DuPontThe Relationship Between Sustainability Education and Business - Holliday, Scot B. (Academy of Management Learning and Education, 2010)
This interview with former DuPont CEO and chairman, and current Bank of America chairman, Chad Holliday, describes how business and university education can support one another and collaborate to nurture understanding and performance in the area of sustainability. Recommendations are presented based on Mr. Holliday's insight gained through various leadership roles and in building relationships with over 50 universities around the world.
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Longitudinal predictors of reading and math trajectories through middle school for African American versus Caucasian students across two samples. - Hooper, Stephen R.; Roberts, Jason M.; Sideris, John; Burchinal, Margaret; Zeisel, Susan A. (Developmental Psychology, 2010)
This study's primary purpose was to examine the relative contribution of social-behavioral predictors to reading and math skills. The study expands on Duncan et al.'s (2007) work by using longitudinal methodology from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's Study of Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K) databases, and by focusing on potential differences in patterns of early predictors of later reading and math trajectories for African American versus Caucasian students. Predictor measures were selected at kindergarten, and the outcomes included standardized reading and math scores obtained from Grades 1, 3, 5, and 9 for the SECCYD sample, and Grades 3, 5, and 8 for the ECLS-K sample. Consistent with Duncan et al.'s findings, results reflect the relative contributions of early reading and math skills to later functioning in these respective academic domains for both samples, and there are indications for the importance of early expressive language skills to both reading and math in the SECCYD sample. Findings related to the power of social-behavioral predictors, however, are not consistent across samples. Although the SECCYD sample evidenced no such predictors, several interactions in the ECLS-K sample suggested the moderating effects of early ratings of aggressive behaviors and internalizing behaviors on later reading and math for African American students. The moderating effects of early teacher ratings of attention and internalizing behaviors for African American students as compared with Caucasian students in later math growth also were noted. The importance of early social-behavioral functions as related to later academic skills remains an important area of inquiry.
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Classroom Management Competencies of Intern-Teachers in Nigeria Secondary Schools. - Ikoya, Peter O.; Akinseinde, Samuel I. (Educational research quarterly, 2010)
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Some behavioural risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis in nursery and primary school children in Enugu, south eastern Nigeria. - Ilechukwu, GC; Ilechukwu, C; Ozumba, AN; Ojinnaka, N C; Ibe, BC; Onwasigwe, CN (PubMed, 2010)
The objective of this study was to determine some common behavioural risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis in nursery and primary school children in Enugu.A cross-sectional survey on 460 children attending nursery and primary schools in Enugu was carried out in 2003 with a view to determine some behavioural risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis.This study was carried out in the research laboratory of the Federal Ministry of Health, National Arbovirus and Vector Research Centre, Enugu.Intestinal helminthiasis was diagnosed using the kato-katz method in analysing fresh stool samples collected from nursery and primary school children in Enugu. These fresh stool samples were collected into appropriately labeled clean containers. Questionnaires were administered by the researchers to obtain data from the children and their parents or guardians as regards some behavioural risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis.The results from this study showed that the prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis was significantly affected by various behavioural risk factors. The rate of helminthic infection varied significantly with hand washing habits after defeacation (chi2 = 75.77; df= 2; p = 0.001) and with different habits of washing fruits before eating (chi2 = 52.79; df=2; p = 0.001) among the pupils. Also, the rate ofhelminthic infection varied significantly with the source of drinking water (chi2 = 55.12; df = 3; p = 0.01), water boiling habits (chi2 = 40.89; df = 2; p = 0.001), use of footwear after school hours (chi2 = 30.72; df = 2; p = 0.001). Sites utilized for defeacation by the pupils (chi2 = 80.25; df=3; p = 0.001) also significantly influenced the rate ofhelminthic infection.Various behavioural factors which significantly affect the rate of helminthic infection abound in children living in Enugu. The government should give attention to the control of these behavioural risk factors. A lot of health education will be needed to curb the poor personal hygienic habits which are obvious risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis.
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Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis among Yemeni students from schools in the city of Thamar - Imran, Abdullah Gh.; Ataa, Mansour Ali S. (RSBO Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia, 2010)
Introduction and objective: Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a type of periodontitis that causes rapid destruction of alveolar bone, especially in young ages. In Yemen, there is no previous study about aggressive periodontitis, so the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and related risk factors for aggressive periodontitis among school students in the city of Thamar. Material and methods: In this study, a two-stage sampling method was used. At first stage, a random sample of eight public schools was selected from the schools of the city of Thamar by simple random sampling. In the second stage, a sample of 807 students (458 female and 349 male) was drawn from the chosen schools by simple random sampling. People aged from 10 to 22, with mean age of 17. The classification considered in the current paper was based on the American Academy of Periodontology classification of 1999. A questionnaire was applied and included questions that would give information about the risk factors that might be considered causal factors for aggressive periodontitis. Results: The number of affected students with AgP was 29 among 807 students, that is, 3.6% of the sample. The percentages of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) were, respectively, 2.6% (21 students) and 1.0% (8 students). The following teeth were found to be affected: first molars, second molars, incisors, first premolars and second premolars. In GAgP, 20 first molars, 22 incisors, 6 first premolars, 3 second molars and 2 second premolars showed clinical attachment loss. But in LAgP, 18 first molars, 19 incisors, 6 first premolars, 3 second molars and 2 second premolars showed clinical
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Depression and subjective quality of life among outpatients with diabetes mellitus at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. - James, Bawo Onesirosan; Morakinyo, Olufemi; Eze, George; Lawani, Ambrose O; Omoaregba, Joyce Ohiole (PubMed, 2010)
Objective To determine the relationship between depression and the subjective assessment of quality of life (QoL) in a sample of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending outpatient clinics at a regional university teaching hospital in Nigeria.Methods A cross-section of 200 patients were administered the depression module of the Schedule for the Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment - brief version (WHOQoL-Bref) over a two-month study period.Results A major depressive disorder (MDD) was diagnosed in 30% of patients. MDD was significantly associated with lower mean scores on the facets of overall QoL (p<0.01) and health satisfaction (p<0.01), but not in the domains of physical health (p=0.67), psychological health (p=0.59), environment (p=0.70), or social relations (p=0.58) of the WHOQoL-Bref.Conclusion Depression is associated with a poorer subjective assessment of QoL among DM patients in Nigeria.
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A framework for recognition of prior learning within a Postgraduate Diploma of Nursing Management in South Africa - Jooste, Karien; Jasper, Melanie (Journal of Nursing Management, 2010)
jooste k. & jasper m. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 704–714A framework for recognition of prior learning within a Postgraduate Diploma of Nursing Management in South Africa Aims The present study focuses on the development of an initial framework to guide educators in nursing management in designing a portfolio for the recognition of prior learning for accreditation of competencies within a postgraduate diploma in South Africa. Background In South Africa, there is a unique educational need, arising from the legacy of apartheid and previous political regimes, to facilitate educational development in groups previously unable to access higher education. Awareness of the need for continuous professional development in nursing management practice and recognition of prior learning in the educational environment has presented the possibility of using one means to accomplish both aims. Evaluation Although the content of the present study is pertinent to staff development of nurse managers, it is primarily written for nurse educators in the field of nursing management. Key issues The findings identify focus areas to be addressed in a recognition of prior learning portfolio to comply with the programme specific outcomes of Nursing Service Management. Further work to refine these focus areas to criteria that specify the level of performance required to demonstrate achievement is needed. Conclusion and implications for nurse managers Managers need to facilitate continuous professional development through portfolio compilation which acknowledges the learning opportunities within the workplace and can be used as recognition of prior learning.
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Dysmenorrhea and other menstrual characteristics in Rwandan female students at National University of Rwanda and Nyanza schoolgirls (Huye and Nyanza Districts / Southern Province of Rwanda). - Kakoma, Jean Baptiste; Gasana, G.K.; Nkurunzinza, J.; Ngirinshuti, J.P. (Rwanda medical journal, 2010)
Dysmenorrhea or the syndrome of painful menstruation is not life-threatening but it is most of the time debilitating and psychologically taxing for women. This first study aims to bring out epidemiological clinical and therapeutical aspects as well as social impacts attitudes awareness and knowledge of treatment in dysmenorrheic female students and adolescents in our environment (Southern Province of Rwanda). Moreover some menstrual characteristics were also looked for in the whole study population (dysmenorrheic and non dysmenorrheic participants). This study is cross-sectional descriptive and analytical. The population study consisted of two groups relating to two joint surveys: (1) 466 female students (National University of Rwanda or NUR Huye) who accepted to participate in the survey and answered the appropriate questionnaire; (2) 423 consenting schoolgirls from Nyanza boarding high schools (77 teenagers were excluded from the survey because of incomplete questionnaires). Dysmenorrhea was considered as a whole without distinction between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. The following statistics were calculated: RR and 95 % CI Pearson’s Chi square test (with Yates’ correction) and Fisher exact test to compare observed proportions and Student’s t test to compare means from normal distributed data. The results in female university students as compared to secondary school girls were as following: (1) dysmenorrhea prevalence (77.3% vs 85.6 %; p = 0.001; RR = 0.90 [0.85 – 0.96]); (2) dysmenorrhea duration > 3 days (21.1 % vs 39.5 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.46 [0.36 – 0.58]); (3) inactivity > 3 days (16.4 % vs 41.1 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.36 [0.27 – 0.46]); (4) absenteeism (60.5 % - 61 %; p = 0.891; RR = 0.99 [0.88 – 1.12]); (5) missed exams (11.6 % vs 39.5 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.30 [0.22 – 0.40]); (6) decreasing pain (7.2 % vs 20.6 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.30 [0.20 – 0.45]); (7) self-medication (31.1 % vs 23.2 %; p = 0.169; RR = 1.34 [1.05 – 1.71]); (8) wait-and-see attitude (48.1 % vs 59.4 %; p = 0.002; RR = 0.81 [0.71 – 0.93]); (9) hospitalization (5.3 % vs 46 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.17 [0.06 – 0.46]); (10) awareness of treatment (60.8 % vs 48.3 %; p = 0.000; RR = 1.26 [1.10 – 1.44]); (11) analgesics (39.4 % vs 26.2 %; p = 0.013; RR = 1.29 [1.05 – 1.57]); (12) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (38.8 % vs 16.7 %; p = 0.000; RR = 1.98 [1.55 – 2.53]); (13) antispasmodics (17.5 % vs 12.2 %; p = 0.249; RR = 1.22 [0.87 – 1.71] ); (14) aspirin (3.8 % vs 4 %; p = 0.986; RR = 1.01 [0.53 – 1.90]); (14) age at menarche (14.4 ± 1.7 vs 14.5 ± 1.9 years; p > 0.2); (15) menstruation duration > 3 days (56.7 % vs 44.7 %; p = 0.000; RR = 1.27 [1.11 – 1.45]); (16) menarche 16 years (9.8 % vs 8.7 %; p = 0.56; RR = 1.13 [0.75 – 1.70]); (18) abundant menstrual flow (19.7 5 vs 33.8 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.58 [0.47 – 0.73]); (19) headache (34.5 % vs 55.3 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.62 [0.54 – 0.73]); (20) vomiting (17.6 % vs 31.6 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.56 [0.44 – 0.71]); (21) malaise (47.2 % vs 24.5 %; p = 0.000; RR = 1.92 [1.58 – 2.33]); (22) somnolence (22.8 % vs 40.8 %; p = 0.000; RR = 0.51 [0.41 – 0.63]); (23) behavior problems (37.3 % vs 12.5 %; p = 0.000; RR = 2.98 [2.26 – 3.93]).In conclusion dysmenorrhea is significantly more frequent and its duration more long in schoolgirls than in female students in the southern part of Rwanda. It represents on the whole a real public health issue resulting in a high rate of absenteeism inactivity missed exams and even hospitalization; this negative impact and most of the unpleasant symptoms are significantly more frequent in schoolgirls than in female students. An information campaign is needed to alleviate the lack of treatment awareness as well as the high rate of resignation. Age at menarche and other menstrual characteristics are on the whole within the range of what is observed worldwide except that precocious puberty is twice less frequent in our study population. Besides it is suggested that other surveys are carried out in other parts of Rwanda.
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Petrogenesis of a silicic magma system: Geochemical evidence from Bamenda Mountains, NW Cameroon, Cameroon Volcanic Line - Kamgang, Pierre; Njonfang, Emmanuel; Nono, Alexandre; Dedzo, Merlin Gountié; Tchoua, Félix M. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
The concentrations of major and trace elements and the isotopic compositions were measured in felsic lavas of the Bamenda Mountains, an extinct volcanic center of the West Cameroon Highlands (WCH), in order to assess the relative roles of mantle versus crustal magma sources in the evolution of silicic magmatic systems. These silicic volcanics are composed of benmoreites, trachytes and rhyolites associated with alkaline basaltic lavas and have characteristics of A-type magmas. Chemical diagrams show two magmatic lineages based on the ratios of HFSE/LILE (e.g. Hf/Rb: 0.19–0.34 and 0.11–0.23), the degree of fractionation (La/Sm: 5.2–6.4 and 6.5–7.5) and the contents of REE; they are respectively referred to as less-differentiated felsic lavas (LDFL) and high-differentiated felsic lavas (HDFL). Their evolution is mainly governed by alkali feldspar-dominated fractional crystallization. The K/Ar ages on trachytes range from 27.40 ± 0.50 to 12.74 ± 0.25 Ma with the HDFL being mostly younger. Their εNd range mostly between −0.88 and +2.43 with one value at −3.43 precluding their derivation from melting of a continental crust. Besides the most negative value (−3, 43) obtained in trachyte BA63 remains high compared to −20.28 calculated for a Bamemda Pan-African granitoid suggesting very low crustal contamination. However, the fact that this lower εNd in BA63 is not followed by the corresponding low Ce/Pb and high La/Nb rather indicates a selective role of crustal contamination. This feature seems characteristic of the felsic lavas of the whole Cameroon Volcanic Line. The isotopic and trace element variations observed for the Bamenda felsic lavas are most consistent with a source in the continental lithospheric mantle.
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P15 Effect of training doctors in communication skills on Syrian women's satisfaction during labour: a stepped wedge cluster randomise trial - Kanaan, Mona; Bashour, Hyam; Abdulsalam, Asmaa; Kharouf, M; Cheikha, Salah; Tabbaa, Mohammed A. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2010)
Objective To test the effect of training residents in interpersonal and communication skills on women9s satisfaction with patient–doctor relationship in labour and delivery rooms. Design A stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. Setting Maternity wards in four teaching hospitals in Damascus and homes of participating women. Participants Women delivering in the hospitals under study, via vaginal delivery with living baby, who consent to participate in the study. Difficult labour and high-risk pregnancies are excluded. Residents working in the study hospitals during the implementation phase who agree to take part in the study. Main Outcome Measure Women9s satisfaction with interpersonal relationships in labour and delivery rooms measured via a series of questions on a Likert scale and based on the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale. Results Women were on average 25 years old, 95% were homemakers, 76% had primary education, 48% lived in shared accommodation and 26% were nulliparous. At the individual level, the mean score of overall satisfaction of women was 68.66 (SD=14.24) out of a possible score of a 100 in the control group and 70.79 (SD=13) in the treatment group. At the hospital level, the mean scores of overall satisfaction of women were 70 (SD=4.70) and 70.99 (SD=4.85) for the control and treatment group, respectively. Using (generalised) linear mixed models approach to account for the study design, we were not able to detect a difference between the treatment and control group on the overall satisfaction of women. Conclusion The training package does not seem to be associated with higher overall satisfaction scores.
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Late second–early first millennium BC abrupt climate changes in coastal Syria and their possible significance for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean - Kaniewski, David; Paulissen, Étienne; Campo, Elise Van; Weiss, Harvey; Otto, Thierry; Bretschneider, Joachim; Lerberghe, Karel Van (Quaternary Research, 2010)
Abstract The alluvial deposits near Gibala-Tell Tweini provide a unique record of environmental history and food availability estimates covering the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The refined pollen-derived climatic proxy suggests that drier climatic conditions occurred in the Mediterranean belt of Syria from the late 13th/early 12th centuries BC to the 9th century BC. This period corresponds with the time frame of the Late Bronze Age collapse and the subsequent Dark Age. The abrupt climate change at the end of the Late Bronze Age caused region-wide crop failures, leading towards socio-economic crises and unsustainability, forcing regional habitat-tracking. Archaeological data show that the first conflagration of Gibala occurred simultaneously with the destruction of the capital city Ugarit currently dated between 1194 and 1175 BC. Gibala redeveloped shortly after this destruction, with large-scale urbanization visible in two main architectural phases during the Early Iron Age I. The later Iron Age I city was destroyed during a second conflagration, which is radiocarbon-dated at circa 2950 cal yr BP. The data from Gibala-Tell Tweini provide evidence in support of the drought hypothesis as a triggering factor behind the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Community‐level Responses to Disability and Education in Rwanda - Karangwa, Evariste; Miles, Susie; Lewis, Ingrid (International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2010)
This article explores the meaning of community and perceptions of disability in Rwanda, as revealed through a community‐based ethnographic study. This study took place in Rwanda in an educational policy context driven by international rhetoric about human rights, inclusion and the arguably unachievable Education for All targets. We argue that the emphasis on the inclusion of marginalised groups in Rwanda’s current education policy is a reality on paper, but not in practice. However, we explore the potential for a deeper understanding of community responses to disability, and ways in which the rhetoric and reality gap can be bridged. We consider some of the attitudinal and infrastructural barriers in educational settings and argue that Rwandan communities are resourceful, and can be supported to respond appropriately to children with disabilities.
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The Educational Pursuits and Obstacles for Urban Refugee Students in Kenya - Karanja, Lucy (International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, 2010)
The Sudanese refugee children in Nairobi, Kenya, face xenophobia and discriminative urban refugee policies, which preclude their admission into public elementary schools in the city.In turn, these children's enrolment in private schools in Nairobi is hindered by their parents' or guardians' precarious socio-economic status.To enhance educational access for their children, a Sudanese refugee community in Nairobi established a school for their children, despite their economic deprivation.Thus, the current study investigated the educational experiences of the Sudanese refugee children at the Sudanese community school, by probing the multifaceted factors that produce and shape those experiences.The study's findings show that the community school provides many Sudanese children in Nairobi with an opportunity to access education, and a welcoming and secure learning environment.However, poor school conditions and inadequate resources preclude the provision of high quality education.Additionally, the students' deprived livelihoods in the city hamper their achievement to their fullest potential.Collaboration between the UNHCR, Kenyan government, and the urban Sudanese refugee community has the potential to improve these students' learning conditions, and their future lives.
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Responsiveness to HIV education and VCT services among Kenyan rural women: a community-based survey. - Karau, Paul Bundi; Winnie, Mueni Saumu; Muriira, Geoffrey; Mukuthuria, Mwenda (PubMed, 2010)
Uptake of VCT and other HIV prevention strategies among rural African women is affected by various socio-cultural and economic factors which need elucidation. Our aim was to establish the responsiveness to HIV education among rural women attending three dispensaries in Kenya. This study was designed to assess gender and psycho-social factors that influence HIV dynamics in rural Kenya. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire based study of 1347 women, conducted in October 2009. Socio-economic status as well as knowledge on methods of HIV transmission was assessed. Testing status, knowledge on existing VCT services and willingness to share HIV information with their children was assessed. Majority of the women have heard about VCT services, but significantly few of them have been tested. Those with secondary school education and above are more knowledgeable on methods of HIV transmission, while those with inadequate education are more likely to cite shaking hands, sharing utensils, mosquito bites and hugging as means of transmission (p = 0.001). 90% of educated women are willing to share HIV information with their children, compared to 40% of uneducated women. Marital status is seen to positively influence testing status, but has no significant effect on dissemination of information to children. We conclude that despite the aggressive HIV education and proliferation of VCT services in Kenya, women are not heeding the call to get tested. Education has a positive impact on dissemination of HIV information. Focus needs to shift into increasing acceptability of testing by women in rural Kenya.
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Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use and bullying among high school students in Nakuru District, Kenya - Kariuki, Mary; Oteyo, John; Ndege, P.K. (2010)
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China's cooperation in education and training with Kenya: A different model? - King, Kenneth (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
This is the first detailed study of the character and particularity of China's rapidly growing education and training cooperation with Kenya. Set against the 50-year history of Kenya's engagement with China, it pays special attention to the human resources targets of the Forum for China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) from 2000. It argues that the growing popularity of China as a destination for both short- and long-term training for Kenyans, and the increasing interest by Kenyans in learning Chinese, cannot be separated from the wider involvement of China in Kenya's infrastructure development, the growth of Chinese business and foreign direct investment, and Chinese migration to East Africa.
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Determination of Differential Bundle Functioning (DBF) of Numeracy and Literacy Tests Administered to Grade 3 Learners in South Africa - Kivilu, J.M. (South African Journal of Psychology, 2010)
The study is based on data gathered for the Assessment Modelling Initiative (AMI), part of the District Development Support Programme (DDSP) project conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) in 2002, in conjunction with the Department of Education (DoE) and provincial departments of education of the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Cape, and Limpopo. The project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and managed by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International. The Joint Education Trust (JET) developed the Grade 3 numeracy test and adapted the literacy test from the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) survey. The aim of AMI was to develop assessment materials in literacy and numeracy for learners in Grade 3 that could be used by teachers in classroom instruction and for learner assessment. The purpose of the analysis was to investigate Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Bundle Functioning (DBF) in these tests and to determine item difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and evidence of construct validity. Participants were 4,000 male and 4,000 female Grade 3 learners selected using the stratified random sampling method from 13,425 Grade 3 learners who participated in the DDSP project. The Simultaneous Item Bias Test (SIBTEST) was used for detecting DIF and bias. SIBTEST was also used to detect bundle bias or DBF. There were significant gender differences in mean scores of both numeracy and literacy tests. Female participants performed consistently better than male participants in both tests. Both the numeracy and the literacy tests possessed appropriate psychometric properties of difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and some evidence of construct validity. Significant estimates of beta (test for DIF and DBF) were obtained for literacy but not for numeracy. The literacy test exhibited DIF at item level and DBF at bundle level. Although a myriad of factors could have caused DIF and DBF, the use of tests translated into various languages may have introduced bias. Further analysis should be done to identify other factors that could have caused DIF and DBF.
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Climate Change, Human Mobility, and Protection: Initial Evidence from Africa - Kolmannskog, Vikram (Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2010)
Nowadays it is increasingly recognized that climate change constitutes a factor of displacement that cannot be disregarded anymore. In its First Assessment Report in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated that the gravest effects of climate change may be those on human mobility. Further, in 2007, its Fourth Assessment Report authoritatively established that human-induced climate change is accelerating and already has severe impacts on the environment and human lives. Although there is not a mono-causal relation between climate change, disasters, displacement, and migration, this article supports the existence of a clear link between the phenomena which is increasingly recognized, and aims at exploring the protection challenges and responses in this context. Some initial empirical findings in relation to this link are presented, focusing on two African countries: Somalia and Burundi.
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Phiri, the plight of the poor and the perils of climate change: time to rethink environmental and socio-economic rights in South Africa? - Kotzé, Louis J. (Journal of Human Rights and The Environment, 2010)
Africa is a water-stressed country where scarce water resources are unequally available to South Africans.It seems inevitable that climate change will in future severely affect the availability of water resources and the ecological and socio-economic aspects of water uses in the country.It is especially the poor, indigent and marginalized sectors of the population that have inadequate access to water and it is these people who would also be most severely affected by the impact of climate change on water resources.While South African constitutional and statutory provisions guarantee everyone access to sufficient water, an environmental right and other laws simultaneously aim to protect water resources.There is accordingly a very real possibility for sustainability conflicts to arise where difficult decisions have to be made with respect to providing people access to sufficient water on the one hand and protecting water resources for the benefit of present and future generations on the other.The latter conflict was recently illustrated in the Constitutional Court judgment of Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg 2009 JDR 1030 (CC).For the first time, South Africa's highest Court was required to provide content to the constitutionally entrenched right of access to sufficient water.Against a general discussion of the state of water resources in South Africa, the predicted impact of climate change on these resources and the prevailing socio-economic conditions in the country, this article analyses the Court's decision in Mazibuko and argues that its restrictive interpretation of the right to access to water could be considered ecologically responsible and conducive to achieving inter-generational equity.
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Sexual assault against female Nigerian students. - Kullima, AA; Kawuwa, Mohammed B.; Audu, BM; Mairiga, AG; Bukar, Mohammed (PubMed, 2010)
Sexual assault is a common social disorder among students in our tertiary institutions. This study ascertains the extent and effect of sexual assault among Nigerian students. Two hundred and Sixty Eight structured questionnaires were distributed to randomly selected students in 4 tertiary institutions, information on socio demography, sexual history and consequences of their exposure were obtained for analysis and interpretation. Thirty seven (13.8%) of the respondents were sexually assaulted as a student and 19 (7.1%) were assaulted by their lecturers and fellow students, Younger age at coitarche, history of forced coitarche, marriage, coitarche with relations and unknown persons, significantly influenced subsequent risks of sexual assault. Improve security, moral behaviours enforcing dress code and stiffer penalties were suggested ways to prevent sexual assault among the students. Sexual assault is still a common finding in our institutions; effort should be made by all stake holders to prevent this social embarrassment.
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Effect of montessori method of teaching on junior secondary students’ Achievement in measuration in education Zone B, Benue State of Nigeria - Kurumeh, M.S.; Agogo, Peter Ogbu; Usman, Khalid (American journal of scientific and industrial research, 2010)
This study determined the effectiveness of Montessori Method of Teaching, MMT on Junior Students' achievement in measuration.The study was carried out in Education Zone B of Benue State, Nigeria using a sample size of 224 junior secondary 1(JSS1) students.It was a non equivalent quasi-experimental study which was guided by two research questions and three hypotheses.The instrument Measuration Achievement Test (MAT) constructed by the researchers with a reliability coefficient of 0.76 was used as pre and post tests though reshuffled each time.Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at P<.05 using a 2-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).Results from the analysis revealed that students exposed to MMT were superior in achievement than those taught with Conventional Method.Thus there was significant difference between the mean scores of students taught measuration with MMT and those taught with the Conventional in achievement (F 1, 223 =113.376,p=0.000).Gender was also found statistically significant (F 1,223 =9.129.003).The study therefore recommended training of mathematics teachers on the use of Montessori Method in their daily lesson especially in measuration with a view to making learning of mathematics meaningful, relevant and interesting.
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Initial teacher education in selected Southern and East African countries : common issues and ongoing challenges - Kwenda, Chiwimbiso; Robinson, Maureen (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2010)
This article begins by outlining the common issues raised in a number of research reports on initial teacher education in developing countries. Two overarching themes are identified, namely (i) attracting high quality recruits to the profession and retaining them and (ii) implementing supportive policies and practices for ongoing teacher learning. A comparative description is then provided of initial teacher education in four selected Southern and East African countries, namely Botswana, Tanzania, Kenya and South Africa. A number of the issues emanating from these country descriptions are outlined and discussed, namely entry requirements and duration of primary-school teacher education, status of the teaching profession, community and identity, language of instruction in teacher education and complexity of the educational policy framework. The article concludes by calling for an identification of strategic pressure points to improve the link between increasing the number of teachers and enhancing the quality of teaching.
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Effects of intermittent and continuous training on the blood pressure of Nigerian adolescents and children - Lawal, Wahab B; Kankanala, Venkatseswarul (British journal of sports medicine, 2010)
Several methods of exercise training are used to promote cardiovascular health. It is not clear as to which of the methods of training are more beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health, especially among children and adolescents. The investigation was therefore, conducted to find out and compare the effects of a 6-week intermittent and continuous training on blood pressure of Nigerian male and female children and adolescents. To achieve this purpose, 15 (10 males and 5 females) children were selected at random from staff school of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and another 15 (10 males and 5 females) adolescents were selected from Demonstration Secondary School of the same University. These two groups of children and adolescents were assigned at random to intermittent and continuous training groups. All the subjects were of the same age group, had similar height, weight, blood pressure and activity background. The continuous training group underwent jogging and running at 60% of maximum heart rate for 30 min, three times a week for 6 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate of all the subjects were recorded before training and after every 2 weeks of training. The result revealed that both intermittent and continuous groups had a significant decline in blood pressure and heart rate of both male and female children and adolescents. However, intermittent group had a greater decline in blood pressure and heart rate of both male and female children and adolescents than their continuous training group counterparts. This reduction was greater in male and female children than in their adolescent counterparts of both training groups.
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Menstruation and menstrual hygiene amongst adolescent school girls in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. - Lawan, Umar Muhammad; Yusuf, Nafisa Wali; Musa, Abuhuraira Ado (PubMed, 2010)
This study examined the knowledge and practices of adolescent school girls in Kano, Nigeria around menstruation and menstrual hygiene. Data was collected quantitatively and analyzed using Epi info version 3.2.05. The mean age of the students was 14.4 +/- 1.2 years; majority was in their mid adolescence. The students attained menarche at 12.9 +/- 0.8 years. Majority had fair knowledge of menstruation, although deficient in specific knowledge areas. Most of them used sanitary pads as absorbent during their last menses; changed menstrual dressings about 1-5 times per day; and three-quarter increased the frequency of bathing. Institutionalizing sexuality education in Nigerian schools; developing and disseminating sensitive adolescent reproductive health massages targeted at both parents and their adolescent children; and improving access of the adolescents to youth friendly services are veritable means of meeting the adolescent reproductive health needs in Nigeria.
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Portuguese-language high school teacher programme extends its reach to South America and Africa - Lee, Carolyn (CERN Bulletin, 2010)
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Civic Education and Peacebuilding: Examples from Iraq and Sudan. Special Report 254. - Levine, Daniel H.; Bishai, Linda S. (2010)
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African Agriculture in 2050: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Options - Lobell, David B. (2010)
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Women school principals in South Africa: leading the way - Lumby, Jacky; Azaola, Marta Cristina; Wet, Anna-Magriet de; Skervin, Hyacinth; Walsh, Arlene Sánchez; Williamson, Ailson (2010)
The United Nations has established a number of Millennium Development Goals intended to shape world efforts towards a more sustainable and socially just future for all. Worldwide, governments and organisations including the Commonwealth Foundation have committed funds to cooperative work to achieve the Goals. The project reported here was conceived as a contribution to this work, and was sponsored by the Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration (CCEAM) and the Matthew Goniwe School of Leadership and Governance (MGSLG). It was funded by CCEAM, supported by the Commonwealth Foundation, MGSLG and the University of Southampton. CCEAM is a non-governmental Commonwealth organisation linking professionals who manage educational institutions, or teach or research in educational administration. Its mission is to improve educational administration in Commonwealth countries. MGSLG is an organisation founded by the Gauteng Department of Education in South Africa that aims to expand and enhance the vision and quality of leadership guiding education and learning in the schools of Gauteng and beyond. The University of Southampton is a leading research institution in the UK. This report describes a project that addresses the third Millennium Goal: to promote gender equality and empower women, and in particular, one objective; to eliminate gender disparity in all levels of education by 2015 . It focuses on one aspect: women leading schools. Women are underrepresented in the leadership of schools in the majority of countries. Where education is segregated by gender, women may have more opportunities than would otherwise be the case, in leading schools for girls. In systems that are primarily co-educational, women remain under-represented in leadership roles, even in those parts of the system where most of the workforce is female. When appointed, there is much evidence that their experience as leaders differs from that of men, and that they may face greater difficulties and bring different qualities to the role than do men . There is a paucity of data about the representation of women principals, particularly in developing economies, and about their experience of leading schools. Even amongst developed economies such as Canada, national figures are not readily available. The Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) has collected data on gender representation amongst educators, but has not generally collected data on the level of seniority of employment. In 2009 it reported the results of the first Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) providing an international comparative perspective on school principals in lower secondary schools in 23 participating countries, the majority of which are developed economies . This is a partial picture both in terms of the range of types of school and the countries included. To address this situation, as the outcome of extensive discussions held during 2008, CCEAM adopted the ambitious goal to map women’s representation in affiliate members’ countries, to record their experiences and to use the data to make recommendations to national and provincial administrations, both to practitioners and to those who prepare principals for their role, on how women may be further supported and empowered to lead schools. The report details the results of the first project in South Africa. The aim of the project was dual; to provide findings and recommendations of immediate value to South Africa and to act as a pilot to identify the issues and challenges in rolling out the project to other Commonwealth countries. The project was supported by an international advisory board. The report outlines the results of the research, makes recommendations that emerge from the findings and also establishes the challenges of conducting further work in different national settings. The intended audience is therefore both policy makers and practitioners in South Africa and members of the wider community in the Commonwealth and beyond who wish to empower women to lead in education.
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Management of highland wetlands in central Kenya: the importance of community education, awareness and eco-tourism in biodiversity conservation - Macharia, John M.; Thenya, Thuita; Ndiritu, George G. (Biodiversity, 2010)
Abstract The loss of natural habitats through destructive anthropogenic activities has been identified as one of the major drivers of environmental degradation. This is even more prevalent in developing countries where poverty and ignorance of the value of biodiversity is rampant. A pilot study was conducted in two highland wetlands in central Kenya to compile baseline data through the use of field survey, questionnaire and subsequent seminars. The study showed that wetlands offer ecological, social and economic benefits that are not fully appreciated and hence there is a lack of concerted efforts to advocate for their sustainable use. Initial findings showed that both wetlands were rich in biodiversity, especially birds. However, these ecosystems were experiencing environmental problems such as dumping of solid waste, over abstraction of water, encroachment for commercial and residential use, wetland agriculture, overgrazing, improper land use practices on the watershed and wildlife poaching. A follow-up series of public awareness and education campaigns to sensitize the local communities to the importance of the two ecosystems helped change attitudes and perceptions. As a result, the local community organized themselves, revived a dormant community group, and for the last two years have created an eco-tourism venture that has helped address many of the above threats. Future conservation and management efforts for wetlands and their associated watersheds can achieve more with well informed stakeholders. Public education and awareness of the benefits of biodiversity conservation, adoption of wetland user-friendly alternatives, and income generating enterprises offer a unique opportunity to sustainably manage and conserve wetlands amidst increasing populations, poverty and limited resources.
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State of nitrate pollution in groundwater in South Africa - Maherry, A; Tredoux, G.; Clarke, Sumaya; Engelbrecht, P (2010)
INTRODUCTION The study of nitrate concentrations in South and southern Africa is not a new subject (Tredoux and Talma, 2006, Tredoux et al., 2004), with the publication of a nitrate distribution map in 2001. However, these studies were constrained by the amount of data obtained, GIS software and computer processing power, making it difficult to determine the levels of and extent to which nitrate occurs (Tredoux et al., 2001).
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Hospital solid waste management systems and practices at University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali (Chuk), Rwanda: - Mahoro, Justin (2010)
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Impact of Drought and HIV on Child Nutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa - Mason, John; Chotard, Sophie; Bailes, Adam; Mebrahtu, Saba; Hailey, Peter (Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2010)
Background Intermittent food insecurity due to drought and the effects of HIV/AIDS affect child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa. In Southern Africa in 2001–3 drought and HIV were previously shown to interact to cause substantial deterioration in child nutrition. With additional data available from Southern and Eastern Africa, the size of the effects of drought and HIV on child underweight up to 2006 were estimated. Objective To determine short- and long-term trends in child malnutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa and how these are affected by drought and HIV. Methods A secondary epidemiologic analysis was conducted of area-level data derived from national surveys, generally from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Data from countries in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda) and Southern Africa (Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) were compiled from available survey results. Secondary data were obtained on weight-for-age for preschool children, HIV prevalence data were derived from antenatal clinic surveillance, and food security data were obtained from United Nations sources (Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labour Office, and others). Results Overall trends in child nutrition are improving as national averages; the improvement is slowed but not stopped by the effects of intermittent droughts. In Southern Africa, the prevalence rates of underweight showed signs of recovery from the 2001–03 crisis. As expected, food production and price indicators were related (although weakly) to changes in malnutrition prevalence; the association was strongest between changes in food production and price indicators and changes in malnutrition prevalence in the following year. Areas of higher HIV prevalence had better nutrition (in both country groups), but this counterintuitive association is removed after controlling for socioeconomic status. In low-HIV areas in Eastern Africa, nutrition deteriorates during drought, with prevalence rates of underweight 5 to 12 percentage points higher than in nondrought periods; less difference was seen in high-HIV areas, in contrast to Southern Africa, where drought and HIV together interact to produce higher prevalence rates of underweight. Conclusions Despite severe intermittent droughts and the HIV/AIDS epidemic (now declining but still with very high prevalence rates), underlying trends in child underweight are improving when drought is absent: resilience may be better than feared. Preventing effects of drought and HIV could release potential for improvement and, when supported by national nutrition programs, help to accelerate the rates of improvement, now generally averaging around 0.3 percentage points per year, to those needed to meet Millennium Development Goals (0.4 to 0.9 percentage points per year).
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Beyond aid effectiveness: The development of the South African further education and training college sector, 1994–2009 - McGrath, Simon (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
The current dominant account of aid to education focuses on schooling and official development assistance and talks in terms of policy work, donor harmonisation and, increasingly, budgetary support. However, this approach is limited in a number of ways. The return of international policy interest in vocational education provides an opportunity to take a look at whether the dominant paradigm is really a solution in all cases. Through an exploration of the evolution of the South African further education and training, this paper illustrates the importance of looking at where a country wants and does not want to learn from. It points to the need to gaze beyond official development assistance to examine the way that dimensions such as cultural diplomacy, commercial interests and solidarity play a role in policy learning. It also draws attention to the often-varied national institutional resources for learning and the complex interplay of individuals, both local and foreign, in the learning process. Finally, it hints that many apparently minor instruments such as exile, study abroad and structured exchange visits may contribute to a far more complex web of policy-related learning than is captured in conventional accounts of policy borrowing/learning that focus on the official level. It may be that a more meaningful discussion of the effectiveness of international cooperation, rather than the more narrow notion of aid, would ensue if such perspectives were taken on board.
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Keeping Teachers Happy: Talent Management Model for Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia - Mersha, Teshager; Ashagre, Endale (2010)
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Impact of climate change on large scale coastal currents of South Africa - Meyer, Alexa (2010)
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South African Female Principals’ Career Paths: Understanding the Gender Gap in Secondary School Management - Moorosi, Pontŝo (Educational management administration & leadership (Print), 2010)
This article reports on data from a larger scale study exploring female principals’ experiences of their career route to the principalship of secondary schools in South Africa. To understand these experiences, the study used an analytical framework that identifies three phases principals go through on their career route, namely: anticipation, acquisition and performance. The framework suggests that women experience more obstacles than men on their career route and their experiences are influenced by personal, organizational and social factors. These factors manifest in social practices within and outside schools and affect women across the three phases of the career route. Central to these experiences, is the underlying male norm of who is more appropriate for secondary school principalship.
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A 12 months audit of burns admitted to one surgical unit at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia - Mtonga, Robert E (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Burns occasioned by open fl ames and hot fl uids affecting all ages, gender and socio-economic classes are commonly seen at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.The outcome of burns management is a function of the standard of care and host factors in the victims.Internal causes of mortality arising from burns include infections, dehydration, percentage of burns, malnutrition, hypovolemic shock among others.Method This was a retrospective study using existing Hospital Records of Patients who were admitted to one of the 8 Surgical Units January and December 2005.Simple statistical methods were used to analyse the data. ResultsThe average percentage of body surface affected was 24.8%.17 (18.3%)of the 93 burns admissions resulted in deaths.The age range was 6 months to 54 years with 14 years as the average.11 (64.7%) of the deaths occurred in Children under 5 years.11 (64.7%) were males while 6 (35.3%) were females.Hot water caused 7 (58.3%) of the burns while 6 (41.7%) were occasioned by open fl ames.The internal causes of death were wound sepsis hypovolemic shock (as result of dehydration) and, malnutrition.All body sites were affected, especially limbs and the anterior trunk.6 (37.5%) of the mortality cases had partial thickness burns.5 (31.2%) had no classifi cation, 4 (25%) had mixed burns while 1 (6.2%) had full thickness burns.Discussions/conclusions Burns are a common cause of mortality and male children were mainly affected.
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An audit of patient attendance, morbidity and mortality seen in 2008 at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia - Mtonga, Robert E (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Introduction The University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Zambia is a premiere learning, reference and research Medical Centre in Zambia. It offers General and Specialised services at tertiary level and runs 24 h and 7 days a week. The UTH has a total of 1060 beds and 337 cots. Methodology This was a retrospective study that looked at records of activities in all the surgical wards in 2008 and compiled the data by outpatient attendance, morbidity and mortality. Results The Tabulations below summarise the results. Discussions 48 125 outpatient attendances, with 20 023 admissions, 13.147 discharges and 961 deaths. Conclusion The UTH surgical department was busy in 2008 and offered a full service with a death rate of 48/1000.
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Gender-based violence against female pupils at a high school in northern Zambia - Mtonga, Robert E (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Summary Gender-based violence was commonly directed against female pupils by teachers and male pupils using non-consensual sex, corporal punishment and abusive language. The victims didn9t report the matter for fear of reprisals. Results The pupils were aged between 10 and 21 years (with majority between 16 and 20 years old) and equal gender representation. 29 (58%) pupils reported being sexually abused by teachers, 29 (58%) cited corporal punishment 27 (56%) ticked abusive language. In 27 (54%) cases, teachers were the main perpetrators, while 22 (44%) pointed at classmates. 10 (43.5%) did not report the matter. Reasons included fear of being expelled from class, the teachers lose their jobs (2 or 8.7%), feared retaliation from fellow classmates and 2 (8.7%) felt sited cultural taboos. In reported cases 8 (29.6%) showed no action was taken and 4 (14.8%) didn9t hear any further from the authorities. Five (10%) had unwanted pregnancies, 4 (8%) had contracted sexually transmitted infections. 38 (76%) felt depressed, with 15 (30%) feeling like skipping class and another 2 (4%) contemplating suicide. Discussions and Conclusions Gender-based violence was mainly perpetrated by teachers and pupils against female pupil. Abused pupils feared reprisals hence did not report the matter and when reported no appropriate action was taken. Consequences of gender-based violence included depression, contraction of sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and suicidal thoughts.
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Effects of HIV /AIDS on learner participation among pre-school children in Igembe North District,Kenya - Mururu, Priscilla Mwomaitha (2010)
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Child Sexual Abuse-Management & Mitigation.A Case Study of Five High Schools in Lusaka District，Lusaka Province，Zambia. - Musonda, Mwewa Mervyn Marvellous (2010)
The study focused on child sexual abuse，a worldwide phenomenon.In Zambia childrenwere now daily exposed to being sexually abused in large numbers.The result of theabuse is obvious，numerous after effects of sexual abuse.These effects threaten the livesofthe children as well aS the future ofthe nation.The study,therefore，WaS undertaken toexplore and understand the management and mitigative factors and systems put in placeto counteract effects ofchild sexual abuse.Specifically，the objective ofthe study WaS to；(1)To evaluate the relative con~butiom of childhood sexual abuse to the prediction ofadolescent and early adulthood depression，(2)To gain a richer understanding ofthe counselling methods and techniques aS well asthe effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the methods and techniques applied on the clients，(3)To examine the roles played by the police and courts through the processes andprocedures that child survivors of sexual abuse would be subjected to through theirsystems.The study used both qualitative and quantitive methods as the necessary approaches to thestudy.A survey design approach WaS used through the use of questionnaires distributed to70 child participants aged 16 years and above on one hand，and on the other，18 adultparticipants bringing the total number of participants to 88.The 70 child participants wererandomly selected while the 18 adult participants coming from the police，courts andsocial workers(both from government&non-governmental organizations)werepurposively selected.Results revealed that 41.4％of the child participants suffereddepression as a result ofthe effects of sexual abuse.Furthermore，it WaS sheIvcn that thecounselling system in place WaS not elaborative and defined such that it WaS able to dealwith effects of child sexual abuse.The police and criminal justice systems were equallyfound wanting.This was with regard to the methods，techniques and procedures used toattend to sexually abused children.It WaS discovered that the methods，techniques andprocedures resulted into causing harm to the children.Both the police and court officialsneeded further training and restructuring of the systems used in order to meet the specialspecific needs ofthe children.Key Words：Child Sexual Abuse，Management，Mitigation，Counselling，Systems，Survivor.
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Rural-urban differences in parental spending on children's primary education in Malawi - Mussa, Richard (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2010)
The paper investigates two issues regarding household expenditure on primary education of own children using the Second Malawi Integrated Household Survey (IHS2) data. Firstly, we look at factors which influence a household's decision to spend or not (the participation decision), and by how much (the expenditure decision). This is done for urban and rural households. We find that there are differences in the factors which influence both decision levels for the two groups of households. Secondly, to get a deeper understanding of these rural-urban spending differences, the study develops the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique for the independent Double Hurdle model. The proposed decomposition is done at the aggregate and disaggregated levels. The aggregated decomposition allows us to isolate the expenditure differences into a part attributable to differences in characteristics and a part which is due to differences in coefficients. The detailed (disaggregated) decomposition enables us to pinpoint the major factors behind the spending gap. At the aggregate decomposition level, our results show that at least 66% of the expenditure differential is explained by di¤erences in characteristics between rural and urban households, implying that an equalization of household characteristics would lead to about 66% of the spending gap disappearing. At the disaggregated decomposition level, the rural-urban di¤erence in household income is found to be the largest contributor to the spending gap, followed by quality of access of primary schools. Besides, rural-urban di¤erences in mothers education and employment are found to contribute more to the spending differential relative to the same for fathers.
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Reflections on a phenomenological inquiry into Zimbabwean women's stories of managing schools - Muzvidziwa, Irene (2010)
This paper reflects on the importance of applying a phenomenological approach to women’s lived experiences as educational leaders. This paper draws its data mostly from fieldwork conducted in 2004/5 in Zimbabwe. The research was an in-depth qualitative study that was conducted along phenomenological lines with an emphasis on rich contextual detail. The paper explores issues relating to how women educational leaders experienced leadership roles, their perceptions of their roles and the challenges they faced and how they dealt with those challenges.
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Assessing the impact of climate change and climate variability on agricultural productivity in selected climatological zones of Uganda: an overview. - Nabasirye, M.; Tenywa, Moses; Bamutaze, Yazidhi; Shisanya, C.A.; Nsengiyunva, Maria Magdalene (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010, 2010)
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Prevalence of the mitochondrial A 1555G mutation in Moroccan patients with non-syndromic hearing loss - Nahili, Halima; Charif, Majida; Boulouiz, Redouane; Bounaceur, Safaa; Benrahma, Houda; Abidi, Omar; Chafik, Abdelaziz; Rafiey, Hassan; Kandil, Mostafa; Barakat, Abdelhamid (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2010)
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), especially the A1555G transition in the 12S rRNA gene, are one of the causes of both aminoglycoside-induced and non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the A1555G mitochondrial mutation in Moroccan patients.We performed molecular characterization by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing of one hundred and sixty four patients (84 unrelated familial and 80 sporadic cases) with a congenital sensorineural non-syndromic hearing loss and one hundred normal hearing controls for the occurrence of the A1555G mutation.Mutational analysis of the mtDNA showed the presence of the homoplasmic A1555G mutation in three families, leading to a frequency of 3.6% similar to that reported for European-populations. No A1555G mutation was detected in sporadic and controls cases. However, we detected in twenty normal hearing controls a novel polymorphism A1557C, which was not found in patient samples. We further evidenced the presence of the A1438G mitochondrial polymorphism in four patients with sensorineural hearing loss and in five controls.Our results show that the occurrence of the A1555G mutation in hearing impaired patient's accounts for 3.6% in a Moroccan patients and those novel mtDNA polymorphisms might contribute to a novel sub-haplogroup specific of the Magrheb.
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The preparedness of Ugandan schools for fires - Nakitto, M.; Lett, Ronald (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Introduction There have been numerous media reports on school fires in Uganda. In April 2008, a primary school dormitory caught fire and 20 children burnt to death. This incident increased public interest. One year later, an assessment on school preparedness was performed. Methods 50 schools (day and boarding) were randomly chosen and stratified by level of education (20 primary, 20 secondary, 10 post secondary) in the five divisions of Kampala. A questionnaire was administered to key informants who were school teachers. Trained research assistants assessed training, fire equipment and the school environment. Direct observation was done. Frequency analysis was done. Results Schools (72%) were government owned with 92% mixed students. Schools (50%) had ever been trained on fire safety. Schools (19%) had trained before the incident. Fire extinguishers usage, fire fighting and causes of fires were part of training course. There was no formal training curriculum in schools. Training lasted from a minimum of 1 h to maximum of 1 week. 73% of teachers trained passed on the knowledge to their students. 60% of schools had persons in charge of fires. 84% of schools had no fire safety plans in place. 34% of schools had fire assemblies. 68% had fire extinguishers that were installed after the incident. 8% had fire alarm system in place. 68% had fire exits or escapes. 18% of schools had history of fires. Five schools had fire outbreaks in dormitories and received no help from fire brigade. 66% of schools had kitchen 1–60 m away from dormitories and classrooms. 22% of schools use paraffin lamps as alternative source of lighting when electricity is cut. Discussion and conclusion Majority of Ugandan schools are not prepared to deal with fires. Fire safety policies and standards should be addressed by the Ministry of Education and School Management.
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The implementation of Universal Primary Education in Uganda - Nambalirwa, Stellah (2010)
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Quality of Academic Staff in Ethiopian Higher Education: Views of Students, Department Chairs and Deans of Faculties - Nekatibeb, Teshome (2010)
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Meta analysis of research on climate change adaptation and health in southern Africa: Identifying research gaps - Nhemachena, Charles; Chakwizira, James (2010)
Changes in climate and climate variability significantly affect the fundamentals of human health, most notably ecosystems, availability of fresh water, food quantity and quality. The occurrence and distribution of some infectious diseases and their impacts will also add to existing health burdens. Within the southern African region, vulnerable populations are expected to experience disproportionately greater health impacts due to climate change and variability. The most vulnerable include the poor (including women, youth, children etc) who lack access to adequate safe water and sanitation, land, credit or knowledge and those living in areas with declining biodiversity and food production capacities. The paper presents knowledge on the gaps and opportunities from existing local and regional studies and existing adaptation strategies (e.g. in terms of dissemination, implementation, translation, institutional capacity, theoretical aspects of adaptation etc). To ensure a robust management of the effects of climate change and variability on human health in the region, the paper builds on existing literature to identify gaps in knowledge of when, why and under what conditions climate adaptation occurs, as well as the factors that influence the success or failure of different adaptation strategies. Based on current research analysis we identify critical factors that influence the ability to respond to the effects of climate variations and change and initiate responses. Failure to respond will be costly in terms of disease, health-care expenditure and lost productivity. Finding creative “climate-change proofing” solutions and methods to deal with climate change and variability has become an urgent policy and intervention imperative, on a local, national and global scale. As such, adaptation advances will prove to be catalytic in addressing the impacts of climate change and variability. 1. General introduction Changes in climate and climate variability significantly affect the fundamentals of human health, most notably ecosystems, availability of fresh water, food quantity and quality. The occurrence and distribution of some infectious diseases and their impacts will also add to existing health burdens (WHO, 2009; 2008; Boko et al., 2007). Climate change and variability amplifies and introduces drivers of human health vulnerability further adversely affecting human health already compromised by a range of factors, for example malaria in southern Africa (Boko et al., 2007). Current and future interactions of climate change and variability with other background stresses and additional vulnerabilities such as HIV/AIDS (Harrus and Baneth, 2005) is expected to result in increased susceptibility and risk of other infectious diseases (e.g. cholera) and malnutrition (Boko et al., 2007). Also, the potential for increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events like flood patterns may be a major additional driver of future health risks.
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Conceptualisation and measurement challenges in modelling pastorilists’ risk and vulnerability instigated by droughts in the group ranches of Kenya - Njoka, Jesse T.; Farah, KO; Weke, P; Obudho, Elias Otieno; Nyariki, Dickson M. (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010, 2010)
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Conceptualisation and measurement challenges in modelling pastorilists’ risk and vulnerability instigated by droughts in the group ranches of Kenya - Njoka, Jesse T.; Farah, KO; Weke, P; Obudho, Elias Otieno; Nyariki, Dickson M. (Second RUFORUM Biennial Regional Conference on "Building capacity for food security in Africa", Entebbe, Uganda, 20-24 September 2010, 2010)
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Promoting student autonomy and lifelong learning skills through WebCT discussion tool: A case of University of Botswana Communication and Study Skills unit - Ntereke, Beauty (2010)
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Risk factors for indoor air pollution in rural households in Mauche division, Molo district, Kenya. - Nw, Moturi (PubMed, 2010)
Exposure to indoor air pollution may be responsible for nearly 2 million per year deaths in developing countries. In Kenya, it is among the factors linked to high morbidity, especially in children aged below five years.The survey was conducted in 2005 in 350 rural households to identify household factors that are likely to enhance indoor air pollution.Questionnaire, continuous and spot observations were used to collect data on household characteristics, type of primary building in homestead, number of rooms, type of ventilation present and type of fuel used by the household.State of housing and type of fuel used were found to be likely risk factors for indoor air pollution. Fifty two point six percent of those interviewed live in mud walled houses with iron sheet roofs. Ninety one percent live in either single or two roomed houses. Ventilation is provided both by small windows and a space left in between the wall and roof. Thirty seven percent of observed houses have no windows. In all households, fuel wood is used for cooking.State of housing and fuel used in sampled households encourage indoor air pollution, which has been associated with various diseases.
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African American Learners in Special Education: A Closer Look at Milwaukee - Obiakor, Festus E.; Harris, Mateba K.; Offor, MaxMary Tabugbo; Beachum, Floyd D. (Multicultural learning and teaching, 2010)
Problems facing African American students with special needs are numerous and complex. Although processes and procedures are in place to properly serve these students, far too many become ensnared in webs of bureaucracy and benign neglect. This article examines African American students experiences with special education in Milwaukee Public Schools. In addition, it provides recommendations for teachers and administrators willing to deconstruct the negative impact of inadequate educational programming for these students.
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Entrepreneurship education and undergraduates' attitude to self-employment : a case study of a Nigerian University - Obisanya, J.F; Akinbami, Catherine Abiola Oluwatoyin; Fayomi, Abimbola Oluwagbenga (IFE Psychologia: An International Journal, 2010)
Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and undergraduates' attitude of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria, (OAU), to self-employment were examined. Over one thousand students enrolled for the special electives in 2006/2007 academic session. These students were administered with questionnaire, pre- and post-entrepreneurship education. Out of these, six hundred students were randomly selected as the sample size, consisting of three hundred each for both pre-intervention and post-intervention exposure respectively. A control group which consisted of 156 students, chosen randomly , was also set up to compare the perception of students who were exposed to EE as against those who were not exposed to EE Data generated were analyzed using simple frequency and percentage tables. The study revealed that about 94% of respondents indicated their preference for self-employment after the post-intervention exposure as against 14.7% of respondents from the control group. Comparing the results of the pre-and post-intervention survey of exposing undergraduates to EE as against the result from the control group, it was observed that EE had great impression on those exposed. Furthermore, the various responses from the post intervention survey showed that the experience of EE has enriched their knowledge on starting and owning business, In addition, it has also changed their perception about self-employment. Recommendations and implementation for including EE into tertiary curricula were also given. Keywords: Entrepreneurship-education, intervention, self-employment, undergraduates, universities, curricula, Nigeria 1.0 INTRODUCTION The historical trend of higher education in Nigeria from the 1930s to the late first decade of the third millennium reveals that the number of established tertiary institutions in the country has experienced a tremendous growth. For example, polytechnics grew from one in the 1930s to sixty in 2007. There was only one university in 1948. Today there are ninety-five universities and more are being proposed. Between 1958 and 2008, colleges of education have grown from one to eighty four (Ajao, 2008). The proliferation of universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and other specialized tertiary institutions in Nigeria and other nations of the world is a desirable thing for learning. To accommodate student enrolment in these institutions in Nigeria, most of them resorted to establishing study centres, satellite campuses and outreach programs. This became worrisome and government through its regulatory agency of universities, the National Universities Commission (NUC), had to put a stop to it. In addition, the contents of the various tertiary institutions as documented in their various curricula do not reflect entrepreneurial skills development that will enable young graduates to be selfemployed. Thus, one of the major factors as well as challenges that face the education sector for the attainment of the Federal Government's developmental programmes such as 7-point agenda, Vision 20-2020 is the issue of the curriculum. Despite the fact that existing curricula in most of our tertiary institutions were fashioned after those of higher institutions in Europe and Americas, particularly Britain and the USA, the colonial educational policy (Aladekomo, 2004), which still affects decisions in the educational sector, was meant to only produce literates to man certain positions that reinforces their control over their subjects. The curricula were narrow and stereotypically lopsided taking into consideration only the needs of the colonial masters without taking into consideration that the students have the whole world as their catchment area and should be able to function in the global market and not at a corner of the globe only. As a consequence, many of the curricula in Nigeria educational system, particularly at the tertiary level, are not geared toward effective national and economic development, because the graduates of such programmes are not easily employed or selfemployed and in most cases have to wait for many years after graduation to secure jobs (if any). …
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The Effect of Library Use Education as a Course on Library Patronage: A Case Study of LAUTECH Library, Ogbomoso, Nigeria - Ogunmodede, Thomas Ayinla; Emeahara, Evelyn Nkechi (Library Philosophy and Practice, 2010)
Introduction One of the fundamental laws of the library is that the resources-books and non-book must be well consulted. The librarian has to acquire and provide access to the information stocked in the libraries. The user is very important in the practice of librarianship; this is because library process revolves around the users. The user is very critical to the services of a library, hence the user of a library must be constantly asked to assess the services and resources provided, this will help the library to improve upon its services. No matter how large the stock of a library is, if the services and its resources are not fully utilized, such a library will end up a white elephant. It is worthy to note however that any attempt on the part of the library to ignore the satisfaction of its users will be done at the library's peril. The library provides library use education in order to equip a user with enough knowledge on the use of the library. This will enable the user to use the library resources effectively and efficiently. The reason is that library processes could be so complex that an average user may not easily comprehend how to utilize the available resources. As a result of the era of information explosion in which we are, information is expanding at a very fast rate and new resources are being introduced into the library (Aina, 2004). With the advent of Information Technology (IT), which has permeated almost all the activities of libraries, it is important to explain the working of a library to a new user in detail. The ultimate objective is to enable users exploit the resources of a library to the fullest. Fjallbrant (1990) defines the concept thus: .... the teaching of those skills that will enable students to locate and use materials effectively, and feel confident in using the library. Also, its aim is to acquaint users with the use of materials in the libraries. Similarly, Fleming (1990) defined library use education as various programmes of instruction, education and exploration provided by libraries to users to enable them to make effective, efficient and independent use of information sources and services to which these libraries provide access' Bello (2003) corroborated the view of Fjallbrant, by stating that library use education is a device by the librarians to educate users on how to use the resources available in the library in a result oriented ways. Thus it is concerned with information retrieval, since the objectives of the library use education according to Osagie (2003) are follows: * to enable users to know how to use the library catalogues independently in any library with particular references to the Author/Title and subject catalogues. * to enable users to understand the classification schemes in any library so to be able to locate materials (books, journals, audio visual materials etc) with little or no problem; * to be able to see library catalogues indexes to the entire collection and use them such, and * to enable the users to see the library a repository of knowledge that determines the success of the students academic programme because it is not possible for an individual to have the collection of a library. Students in Nigerian tertiary institutions are introduced to the use of library in one form or the other, in order that the users might know what to consult in their quest for information. Today, most students in higher institute of learning finds it difficult to explore the world of information sources thus leading to poor appreciation of the library and its resources, which contributed to their inability to undergo meaningful researches or at best become poor library users. It is believed that a concerted effort to know and understand library more will eventually enable the individual to develop his/her self to the fullest potentials. This becomes very important it will enable man to contribute effectively and positively to the development of the society at large. …
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A 4 year review of neonatal outcome at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. - Omoigberale, AI; Sadoh, WE; Nwaneri, DU (PubMed, 2010)
Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reflect a nation's socio-economic status, the efficiency and effectiveness of health care services. This important indicator is useful in planning for improved healthcare delivery. A four year review of neonatal outcome was therefore conducted in the special care baby Unit (SCBU) of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).The study was done between 2003 and 2006 and sought to review the morbidity, mortality, salvage rate of low birth weight babies and outcome of all inborn and outborn babies admitted into the SCBU of UBTH. The biodata, birth weight, sex, APGAR scores and reasons for admissions and outcome were abstracted from case notes/admission records.A total of 3075 babies were admitted to the unit during the period under review. 2602 (84.6%) were inborn while 473 (15.4%) were out-born. There were more males 1676 (54.6%). There were 855 (27.8%) preterm babies of which 803 (26.1%) were low birth weight babies. Neonatal sepsis, severe birth asphyxia, pre-maturity and neonatal tetanus were the most common morbidities suffered by the neonates. Mortality was recorded amongst 625 (20.3%) babies. Mortality rate was significantly higher amongst the out-born than in born babies, P value < 0.0001.The neonatal mortality rate in this study is high. The morbidity profile observed in the study is attributable to preventable causes. Of note is the contribution ofNNT to morbidity and mortality. Strengthening of linkages in perinatal care, improving maternal emergency obstetric care and neonatal resuscitation skills are proposed measures to reduce neonatal mortality.
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Bringing peace education to youth via independent radio in Nigeria - Onazi, Ogebe; Valenti, Michael; Swomen, H E; John, Ime Akpan (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Introduction Radio, the major source of news and information in Nigeria, is largely controlled by the state. Broadcasting objective content, and supporting independent radio stations, is warranted. Medical student members of the Nigerian affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War were inspired to bring information about health approaches to violence prevention to radio listeners who had endured periodic ethno-religious and political violence in Jos. Objectives To use the pilot program Bringing Peace to the People on the independent Silverbird Rhythm 93.7 to conduct a preliminary assessment of listener response to a radio peace initiative. Materials and Methods The program included interactive sessions by health professionals who presented evidence-based information and answered questions on such topics: Small Arms, Violence and Public Health; and Youth, Violence and Health. A sample of 25 listeners comments was used to assess public response, received via text messaging and telephones. Results 92% (n=23) had a better understanding about violence prevention as a result of the program; 84% (n=21) commended it; 4% (n=1) suggested auditioning of presenters; 8% (n=2) stated the need for more hands in the pursuit of peace; 4% (n=1) believed the older people should be enlisted in peace efforts. Three youth groups indicated a strong interest in partnership. Discussion and Conclusion Initial responses encouraged the authors to continue to develop additional programs on violence prevention. However, integration of regular station-sponsored radio programs supported by advertisements will enhance long-term sustainability of such endeavours.
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Climate change and environmental justice: reflections on litigation over oil extraction and rights violations in Nigeria - Osofsky, Hari M. (Journal of Human Rights and The Environment, 2010)
This article uses developments in three cases claiming environmental harm and human rights violations arising from Shell Oil's operations in Nigeria – brought in the United States, the Netherlands, and Nigeria – to explore the complex intersection of transnational corporate responsibility, environmental justice, and climate change. It considers the nature of environmental rights violations in general and those in Nigeria in particular, the barriers to addressing these problems through law, and the ways in which the problem of climate change intersects with these justice dilemmas. The article takes an interdisciplinary law and geography approach to these issues, analysing how the way in which we view the nation-state, the multinational corporation, and their interrelationship influences our understanding of the state–corporate relationships in, and justice implications of, these situations. It argues that whether we treat Nigeria and Shell Oil as enclosed, permeable, or enmeshed spaces limits or expands the ways in which these cases might fit into broader environmental justice strategies. The article concludes with an assessment of how future efforts might build upon these cases and this analysis of their implications.
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Climate Change and Environmental Justice: Reflections on Litigation Over Oil Extraction and Rights Violations in Nigeria - Osofsky, Hari M. (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
This article uses developments in three cases claiming environmental harm and human rights violations arising from Shell Oil’s operations in Nigeria – brought in the United States, the Netherlands, and Nigeria – to explore the complex intersection of transnational corporate responsibility, environmental justice, and climate change. It considers the nature of environmental rights violations in general and those in Nigeria in particular, the barriers to addressing these problems through law, and the ways in which the problem of climate change intersects with these justice dilemmas. The article takes an interdisciplinary law and geography approach to these issues, analyzing how the way in which we view the nation-state, the multinational corporation, and their interrelationship influences our understanding of the state–corporate relationships in, and justice implications of, these situations. It argues that whether we treat Nigeria and Shell Oil as enclosed, permeable, or enmeshed spaces limits or expands the ways in which these cases might fit into broader environmental justice strategies. The article concludes with an assessment of how future efforts might build upon these cases and this analysis of their implications.
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Peer youth physical violence among secondary schools students in south west Nigeria - Owoaje, Eme; Ndubusi, N M (Injury Prevention, 2010)
Background Youth violence has been associated with adverse health behaviours and health outcomes in developed countries.However, there is limited information on the prevalence and factors associated with violence among adolescents in schools in Africa.Methods A cross sectional survey of 516 adolescents aged 13-15 years in six public secondary schools, in Ogun State located in south west Nigeria, was conducted using the Global School Health Survey instrument.The prevalence of self-reported fi ghts and bullying in the prior 12 months and their association with selected adverse health behaviours and outcomes were assessed.Findings The reported exposure to physical fi ghts and bullying was 47.9%.More males (54.9%) had been involved in physical fi ghts compared to the females (39.4%), p=0.00.On multivariate logistic regression being male (OR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.28), having a history of a recent history of injury (OR: 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.64), being a gang member (OR:2.41;95% CI 1.06 to 5.48) and having been bullied (OR:1.78;95% CI 1.22 to 2.61) were associated with a history of physical fi ghts.Exposure to bullying was also commoner among the males (52.1%) than the females (42.5%), p=0.03.History of recent injury (OR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.42 to 3.02), alcohol intake (OR: 2.09; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.36) and prolonged feelings of loneliness (OR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.21) were associated with bullying on multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion Physical fi ghts and bullying are common among these adolescents and are associated with adverse health outcomes and behaviours.Intervention programmes aimed at reducing youth violence should be designed and implemented.
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Effects of computer-assisted instruction on performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana - Owusu, Kofi Acheaw; Monney, K. A.; Appiah, Joseph Yaw; Wilmot, Eric Magnus (Computers & Education, 2010)
This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional approach. The conventional approach consisted of lecture, discussions and question and answer teaching methods. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze students’ pretest and posttests scores. The results indicated that students that were instructed by the conventional approach performed better on the posttest than those instructed by the CAI. However, the performance of low achievers within the experimental group improved after they were instructed by the CAI. Even though the CAI group did not perform better than the conventional approach group, the students in the CAI group perceived CAI to be interesting when they were interviewed.
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Mapping climate change initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Final Report, September 2010. - Parker, Jennifer; Mercer, Simon; Carlier, I. (2010)
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Climate change and agriculture in South Africa - Pather-Elias, Simisha (Veld & Flora, 2010)
It is important to reduce our carbon footprint through mitigation measures as well as adapt to the predicted impacts of climate change. Both mitigation and adaptation can be achieved using sustainable land use and management techniques. It estimated that there could be a reduction of 50% of rainfed agriculture by 2020. South Africa could experience increased drought in the west and increased rainfall and flooding in the east, with some areas being hit by alternating periods of drought and intense rainfall. Our biodiversity and water resources are thus very vulnerable to climate change, which has major implications for agriculture.
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Climate change and agriculture in South Africa : BotSoc partnerships and projects - Pather-Elias, Simisha (Veld & Flora, 2010)
It is important to reduce our carbon footprint through mitigation measures as well as adapt to the predicted impacts of climate change. Both mitigation and adaptation can be achieved using sustainable land use and management techniques. It estimated that there could be a reduction of 50% of rainfed agriculture by 2020. South Africa could experience increased drought in the west and increased rainfall and flooding in the east, with some areas being hit by alternating periods of drought and intense rainfall. Our biodiversity and water resources are thus very vulnerable to climate change, which has major implications for agriculture.
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Association between air pollution, allergic symptoms, and hospital admissions in a group of Egyptian schoolchildren - Qerem, W Al; McGarry, Kenneth; Neshat-Omidvaran, Leila; Shamssain, Mohammad (2010)
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Faction Fights, Student Protests, and Rebellion: The Politics of Beer-Drinks and Bad Food in the Transkei, South Africa, 1955–63 - Redding, Sean (African Studies Review, 2010)
Abstract: This article examines two cases of conflict from the Transkei region of South Africa. In the first instance in 1955, young men caught up in a stick fight after drinking beer were arrested, tried, and convicted, and they received harsh sentences of six months of hard labor. In the second case in 1961, boys at an elite school in Umtata protested their poor food and lodging arrangements, set fire to the school library, and threatened to kill the headmaster. While they were convicted, their punishment of caning was considered a very light sentence. These two cases illuminate the emerging nature of youthful resistance to the inception of home rule that was later to give rise to the Bantustans, as well as the response by state officials seeking to cope with the enlarging rural opposition to the structures of apartheid. The paradox of the strikingly different sentences is examined and explained.
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Distance Education in Eritrea: Recent Developments and Future Prospects - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Eritrea has been battling with many challenges particularly in its education sector. It does not have sufficient educational institutions at tertiary level, thus, distance learning which is more cost effective, could be an alternative method of higher education for this young country in Africa. Distance education (DE) could promote higher education in Eritrea by providing access to large number of people including working people, fighters, women and other adults. This paper therefore examines various issues related to the establishment and development of DE. The paper also focuses on the DE programmes that had been undertaken in Eritrea with the help of University of South Africa and highlights its potential in the country. The paper also delves its significance and role with regards to the education development in Eritrea, the challenges ahead as well as possible suggestions for moving it forward with enhanced effectiveness for the benefit of the nation and incoming generations.
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Continuing medical education in radiology in South Africa : editorial - Rensburg, Leon Janse van (SA Journal of Radiology, 2010)
In her 2009 presidential address, RSNA President Theresa McLoud focused on trends in Radiological Training : National and International Implications. She said : 'We need to embrace the change that globalization is bringing and actively join in the discussion as we seek ways to adapt ourselves and our training programs to it.' The editorial in the June 2010 issue of this journal focused positively on the state of academic radiology in South Africa and also drew attention to the continuing medical education (CME) programme of the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA).
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When Intraclass Correlation Coefficients Go Awry: A Case Study From a School-Based Smoking Prevention Study in South Africa - Resnicow, Keen; Zhang, Nanhua; Vaughan, Roger; Reddy, Priscilla; James, Shamagonam; Murray, David M. (American Journal of Public Health, 2010)
We conducted a group randomized trial of 2 South African school-based smoking prevention programs and examined possible sources and implications of why our actual intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were significantly higher than the ICC of 0.02 used to compute initial sample size requirements.Thirty-six South African high schools were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups. On 3 occasions, students completed questionnaires on tobacco and drug use attitudes and behaviors. We used mixed-effects models to partition individual and school-level variance components, with and without covariate adjustment.For 30-day smoking, unadjusted ICCs ranged from 0.12 to 0.17 across the 3 time points. For lifetime smoking, ICCs ranged from 0.18 to 0.22; for other drug use variables, 0.02 to 0.10; and for psychosocial variables, 0.09 to 0.23. Covariate adjustment substantially reduced most ICCs.The unadjusted ICCs we observed for smoking behaviors were considerably higher than those previously reported. This effectively reduced our sample size by a factor of 17. Future studies that anticipate significant cluster-level racial homogeneity may consider using higher-value ICCs in sample-size calculations to ensure adequate statistical power.
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The effect of a storm surge event on the macrophytes of a temporarily open/closed estuary, South Africa - Riddin, T.; Adams, Janine B. (Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2010)
Temporarily open/closed estuaries typically open to the sea due to freshwater inflow coupled with storm surge events. In September 2008, in the absence of freshwater inflow, the mouth of the East Kleinemonde Estuary breached in response to a storm surge. The mouth of the estuary closed the following day at a high level. Marine overwash events following the breach introduced large volumes of saline water into the estuary and raised the water level by 0.07–0.33 m. Salinity was significantly higher in the 15 month closed phase after the breach (31 ± 0.9) compared to 21.9 ± 0.9 in the closed brackish phase before the breach. The historical average salinity for the estuary during a closed period is 23–25. The increase in salinity has reduced submerged macrophytes Ruppia cirrhosa and Chara vulgaris cover by 38.1%. Macroalgal cover of species such as Dictyota dichotoma, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Codium tenue and Ulva spp. have increased by 7.9%. The saline high water levels have also significantly reduced supratidal salt marsh cover by 15.2%, and reed and sedge cover by 19.7%. Loss of these habitats may result in bank destabilisation and erosion. This is the first record of an extended saline period in the 15 years the estuary has been monitored. Sea level rise in association with climate change, together with localised freshwater inflow reduction is likely to result in an increase in marine overwash events. The frequency and duration of closed saline periods are likely to increase in this type of estuary. A loss of submerged macrophytes may have significant impacts on faunal composition and abundance and on the subsequent functioning of temporarily open/closed estuaries. This has serious ecological implications since these estuaries represent 70% of the different types of estuaries found in South Africa.
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Opportunity Matters: The Ithuba Writing Project in South African Schools - Sailors, Misty; Makalela, Leketi; Hoffman, James V. (Voices from the Middle, 2010)
Our lead article explores the impact the authors witnessed when they helped South African teachers create culturally relevant books written in their students’ languages. Through participation in the Ithuba Writing Project, these teachers were able to relate transformative stories about their lives through books that they subsequently shared in the classroom. South African teachers were able to explore what it means to be a writer, refining their definitions of “writer” and their own instruction. The authors document the changes in these teachers as writers and teachers of writing.
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Environmental impact and natural hazards on Kharga Oasis monumental sites, Western Desert of Egypt - Salman, Abdel Aty B.; Howari, Fares M.; El-Sankary, Mohamed M.; Wali, Ahmed; Saleh, Mohsen (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2010)
Kharga Oasis monumental sites are important to the cultural heritage in the South Western Desert of Egypt. These sites are scattered on the floor of the oasis representing ancient civilizations. The studied sites include the Hibis, EI-Nadura, EI-Ghueita and El-Zayyan temples as well as El-Bagawat Cemetery. The present study found that natural hazards have remarkable impacts on these sites. The impact of weathering processes, encroachment of sand dunes, stability of foundation beds and shallow groundwater seepage were documented. The present study found that humidity, temperature, sunlight and water content conditions seem to be favorable for biodegradation as evidenced by the presence of algae, bat blood and bird excretions. The radioactivity levels at the investigated sites are also measured via gamma-ray spectrometry. Sand dunes in the area pose a serious natural threat to the monumental sites. Active sand dunes are rapidly encroaching upon the components of these monuments, partially covering some monuments such as El-Ghueita Temple. These dunes load wind storms with fine sand particles. This causes wind erosion through sand blasting of these sites. Some monuments, such as EI-Nadura, EI-Ghueita and El-Zayyan temples were constructed on a suitable hard sandstone ground, whereas others, such as the Hibis Temple, were constructed on unsuitable soft shale ground in relatively topographically low area. The impact of the unstable foundation and shallow groundwater levels have caused severe structural damage as evidenced by tilted columns, cracked walls and salt-crystal growth in the porous building stones. These destructive elements threaten some other temples in Kharga Oasis and will eventually cause total physical collapse. Although rain is rare in this area, it can form a real threat to mud brick monuments such as El-Bagawat Cemetery. The natural radioactivity sources resulted in an annual effective dose equivalent values averaging 0.20, 0.13, 0.09 and 0.07 mSv/year for the monumental sites at Hibis, El-Nadura, El-Ghueita and El-Zayyan, respectively.
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Electronic-media harassment among secondary school adolescents in Ibadan municipality Nigeria: myth or reality? - Sangowawa, A. O.; Adebiyi, Akindele O. (Injury Prevention, 2010)
This pilot was conducted to determine the incidence and forms of electronic-media harassment among secondary school students. Students who owned a mobile phone and had access to the Internet were selected via multi-stage sampling. History of harassment in the 3-month period preceding the study was obtained. Results A total of 129 students- 65(52.4%) boys and 59(47.6%) girls with mean age of 13.9(±1.9) years participated. Eighty-four(66.1%) were from private and 43(33.9%) government-owned schools; 65(51.2%) were in junior and 62(48.8%) in senior classes; 88.2% lived with both parents. All respondents had personal phones and 66(52.0%) had access to the Internet. Forty-three (33.9%) had suffered electronic harassment while 19(15.0%) had harassed others. Twenty-four (18.9%) were victims only, all 19(15%) perpetrators were also victims. The commonest modes of harassment were text messages 31(24.4%) and phone calls 25(19.5%). Of the 66 with Internet access, four each had experienced harassment through email and in chat rooms and two via websites. Twenty-one (16.5%) had harassed others via text messages, 21(16.5%) through phone calls and 6(4.7%) through picture or video clips. Perpetrators were mainly boys. The incident was often reported to friends, parents/guardians, other adults in school, class teachers. Factors predictive of being a victim were public schooling(OR 4.9, 95%CI 2.0 to 11.9), and being in a senior class(OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 8.6). Conclusion This pilot revealed that electronic media harassment was occurring among the students. This phenomenon thus needs to be further investigated and efforts put in place to curb it.
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School Counseling for African American Adolescents: The Alfred Adler Approach - Sapp, Marty (Multicultural learning and teaching, 2010)
This article discusses how Adlerian counseling can be used as a form of school counseling for African American adolescents. Moreover, school counseling for African American adolescents is discussed within the context of African American culture. Due to the strength-based nature of Adlerian approach, it can capitalize on African American adolescents cultural differences. In addition, these adolescents tend to be academically at-risk, and Adlerian counseling can be a useful approach with other techniques.
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Teachers and Access to Schooling in Ghana - Seidu, Alhassan; Adzahlie-Mensah, Vincent (2010)
This paper provides insights about the specific impact teachers’ actions and attitudes can have on access to schooling. The paper reports how teachers’ irregular attendance, lateness and absenteeism as well as misuse of instructional hours and indiscriminate use of corporal punishment contribute to pupils’ irregular attendance and dropping out. It also reports how poor supervision by head teachers contribute to irregular teacher attendance, punctuality and absenteeism, and how these in turn impacted negatively on pupils’ access to schooling. The study also identifies gaps in research around teacher contribution to children dropping out of school and suggests how further research could address some of these.
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An Investigation of Stakeholders Concerns and Perceptions on Open and Distance Education in Ethiopian Higher Education Institutions: The Case of Haramaya University - Seyoum, Yilfashewa (2010)
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The current state of reproductive health in rural northern Nigeria in the context of the pursuit of the MDGs: perspectives from a community-based research training program. - Shittu, Oladapo; Ejembi, Clara Ladi; Adaji, SE; Abdul, Muhammad; Idris, Suleiman; Abdulkarim, Binta; Mandara, Mairo; Prata, Ndola; Perlman, Daniel; Okonofua, Friday; Potts, Malcolm (2010)
Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world, and most deaths occur in the northern part of the country. Concerns about the persistence of the problem prompted some Nigerian academics to partner with their American colleagues to establish a postgraduate fellowship programme that builds the capacity of Nigerian scholars across disciplines to conduct community-based research in maternal and reproductive health, as a strategy to fast-track the pursuit of the MDGs in northern Nigeria. As part of this unique, hands-on training program, several landmark operations research initiatives have been undertaken with the potential to transform the region. As a final output of the training process, the programme‘s fellows have unveiled the findings of their community-based research in this special journal edition that reflects the current state of maternal and reproductive health in rural northern Nigeria. (Afr. J. Reprod. Health 2010; 14[3]: 15-18).
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Contextual challenges of implementing learner‐centred pedagogy: the case of the problem‐solving approach in Uganda - Sikoyo, Leah Namarome (Cambridge Journal of Education, 2010)
This article explores teachers’ experiences of implementing the problem‐solving approach; a learner centred pedagogic innovation prescribed by a centrally mandated curriculum in Uganda. It presents teachers’ interpretations of the pedagogic principles suggested by the innovation as well as their accounts of challenges of implementing the pedagogic approach. The findings suggest that the teachers’ implementation of the problem‐solving approach was far more regulated by contextual affordances and constraints within schools and the broader education system and society than by their interpretations of the official curriculum. These findings highlight the influence of structural contextual factors in regulating pedagogic practice and teachers’ take‐up of learner‐centred pedagogies in Africa. The evidence from this paper suggests the need for education researchers in developing countries such as Uganda to focus on helping teachers develop strategies for teaching large classes as learner‐centred pedagogies have a bleak future in the region.
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Who takes responsibility for the 'Reitz four'? Puzzling our way through higher education transformation in South Africa - Soudien, Crain (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010)
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Outcomes-based education and its (dis)contents : learner-centred pedagogy and the education crisis in South Africa - Spreen, Carol Anne; Vally, Salim (Southern African Review of Education with Education with Production, 2010)
Since its inception outcomes-based education (OBE) has been controversial and confusing for South African educators and policymakers alike, let alone the general citizenry. The current clamour against OBE and the 'educational crisis' must be seen against the background of South Africa's desultory performance in comparative international benchmark trends in literacy and numeracy, as well as in numerous national evaluations and tests. Yet critiques of OBE notwithstanding, this article argues that OBE has often become the scapegoat for problems associated with educational failure. While OBE has become shorthand for many for expressing dissatisfaction with education in South Africa the social, political and economic context of education and its continued stratification along class, racial and regional lines has been left largely unexamined. This argument is based on two main hypotheses : Firstly, OBE has not in fact been implemented in the years since its inception in 1997 and many of the policies and recommendations associated with the review of Curriculum 2005 (C2005) have not been put in place - despite the thoughtful and engaged deliberations that preceded its recommendations. Second, the 'value' of OBE cannot be assessed or understood properly unless account is accorded to the day-to-day contextual realities of teaching and learning in South Africa, the continuing school inequalities, and issues related to the enormous 'poverty gap' across the schooling system. Finally, the article warns against the current trend of returning to a form of social conservatism and a 'back-to-basics' programme that ultimately could undermine the social justice agenda and ensure that quality education for the majority of the population remains elusive.
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Community related factors and the development of education curriculum in Kampala District, Uganda - Ssentongo, Joseph (2010)
A thesis presented to the school of postgraduate studies and research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Educational Management and Administration
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Divisions, diversity and educational directives: IRE teachers’ didactic choices in Kisumu, Kenya - Svensson, Jonas (British Journal of Religious Education, 2010)
The present article focuses on the choices teachers make when teaching Islamic religious education (IRE) in the town of Kisumu, Kenya. The data were collected through interviews with IRE teachers and participant observations in schools that offered IRE during several fieldwork sessions in the period 2003–2006. The fieldwork revealed that the choices teachers made were related to social and religious contexts both inside and outside the school setting and also the more immediate contexts of the teaching–learning situation. Most clearly, the choices were influenced by the fact that IRE is an examinable subject in a larger educational system. This article claims that an alternation between a confessional education into Islam and a more fact‐oriented education about Islam was a strategy used by some teachers balancing between competing demands posed by the educational system, students, parents and the surrounding local society.
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A comparative study of the pollution status of Sakumo II and Muni Lagoons in Ghana - Tay, Collins K.; Asmah, Ruby; Biney, Charles A. (Water Science and Technology, 2010)
The pollution status of Sakumo II and Muni Lagoons and Mamahuma and Gbagbla Ankonu feeder streams, which feed Sakumo II along the coast of Ghana, were assessed and compared. As expected of saline waters, pH values of both lagoons fell within a slightly neutral to saline range whilst, the feeder streams were moderately saline. Conductivity distribution also showed saline (>5.0 mS cm−1) characteristics of the lagoons, while, the feeder streams are brackish (1.5–5.0 mS cm−1). DO concentrations in both lagoons indicated a wide variation. Relatively high BOD and nutrients content of Sakumo II and the feeder streams suggested that, Sakumo II and its feeder streams are moderately to grossly polluted. However, Muni Lagoon was characterized by relatively low BOD and nutrients content suggesting relatively low anthropogenic impact. The ionic dominance patterns for Sakumo II and Muni Lagoons were: Na+ > Mg2 + > Ca2 + and Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−, Na+ > Ca2 + > Mg2 + and Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−, respectively. Using water quality index (WQI), Sakumo II was found to be grossly polluted and requires mitigation measures, while, Muni Lagoon was of fairly good quality and requires monitoring.
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If Only She Would Play? the Impact of Sports Participation on Self-Esteem, School Adjustment, and Substance Use among Rural and Urban African American Girls - Taylor, Matthew; Turek, Greg M. (Journal of sport behavior, 2010)
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Physical Education as a tool for developing health and social skills : results of a pilot study in South Africa and Sweden : physical education - Toriola, A.L. (African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2010)
A cooperation project on school physical education (PE) was established between the Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa and the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The project was funded as part of the international cooperation agreement between South Africa and Sweden. The aim of the project was to investigate discrepancies between intended subscription and actual provision for PE / Life Orientation (LO) in Swedish and South African schools. Presented in this paper are results of the pilot study on the comparative research project which focused on PE as a tool for developing health and social skills among Swedish and South African school children. A major objective of the project was to investigate how provision for PE is defined in formal school settings in both countries. To answer the question we constructed a 23-item questionnaire measuring PE provision and children's attitudes towards the subject in primary and lower secondary schools. A questionnaire was constructed utilizing a) participant observations of lessons in Sweden and South Africa, b) semi-structured interviews with school principals and PE teachers in both countries, and c) analyses of policy documents in each country. The pilot instrument consisted of four batteries of questions: a) Health promotion (8 items), b) Social development (8 items), c) Personal development (10 items), and d) Physical development and movement (6 items). The questionnaire was developed in two almost identical versions and was completed by primary school pupils in South Africa (n =105) and Sweden (n = 42). In order to improve the reliability and the construct validity of the questionnaire we modified the pilot versions of the questionnaire eliminating poorly fit items using various statistical techniques. Pupils' answers to the questionnaire were analyzed mainly through structural equation modeling techniques (AMOS). This technique facilitates the simultaneous analysis of the robustness of the whole instrument and the test of each battery of questions. The statistical analyses were aimed at designing a questionnaire with very good fit indices for Swedish and South African contexts. Results yielded substantial Cronbach's α : whole instrument (α=.84); Health promotion (α=60), Social development (α=60), Personal development (α=79), Physical development (α=76), which showed acceptable reliability estimates for the questionnaire subscales.
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A regional collaborative approach in transboundary pollution management in the guinea current region of western Africa - Ukwe, C.N.; Ibe, Chidi A. (Ocean & Coastal Management, 2010)
The Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem extending from Guinea Bissau to Angola and covering sixteen countries in West and Central Africa and characterized by distinctive bathymetry, hydrography, chemistry, and trophodynamics with the Guinea Current as the unifying feature has remained a sources of global interest. With openness to the Atlantic Ocean and watercourses with access to the sea such as the Congo and Niger Rivers, the GCLME embodies some of the major coastal upwelling sub-ecosystems of the world and is an important center of marine biodiversity and marine food production ranked among the most productive coastal and offshore waters in the world. However, pollution from domestic and industry sources, over-exploitation of fisheries and poorly planned and managed coastal developments and near-shore activities are resulting in a rapid degradation of vulnerable coastal and offshore habitats and shared living marine resources of the GCLME putting the economies and health of the populace at risk. The deterioration in water quality (chronic and catastrophic) from land and sea-based activities (especially industrial, agricultural, urban and domestic sewage run-off and mining activities including the oil and gas sector), eutrophication and harmful algal blooms have been identified as a major transboundary environmental problem by the countries in the adopted Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA). Arising from the results of the various environmental and socio-economic studies and assessments conducted over the years as documented in the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), the countries resolved to adopt a holistic, multi-sectoral and regional approach embodied in the large marine ecosystem concept for transboundary pollution management in the region. The agreed management actions to be undertaken jointly by the sixteen countries are encapsulated in the adopted Strategic Action Programme to be implemented by the Interim Guinea Current Commission (and later the Guinea Current Commission), established by the countries as an intergovernmental consultation and coordination body, with the technical assistance and co-funding of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
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Teaching English to Refugees in Transition: Meeting the Challenges in Cairo, Egypt - Wachob, Phyllis; Williams, Robert (TESOL Quarterly, 2010)
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Experiences with an In-Training Community Service Model in the Control of Zoonotic Sleeping Sickness in Uganda - Waiswa, Charles; Kabasa, John David (Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2010)
By 2006, the acute and zoonotic Tripanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda was spreading northward, leading to fear of a merger with the chronic Tripanosoma brucei gambiese type that affects people in the northwest of the country. Eliminating infection in cattle was urgent because they had been confirmed to be spreading the zoonotic type, and eliminating infection would reduce the animal reservoir and subsequently reduce transmission of sleeping sickness. In this article, we describe how the staff and students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, adjusted their approach to training veterinary students who could provide the urgently needed manpower to enable the community to halt the disease's spread. Because it was not usual for university staff and students to implement disease control activities, the government of Uganda had to delegate this responsibility to Makerere University. In turn, the university had to explore available opportunities in its training and outreach mandates. A model was developed that proved to be an effective hands-on training strategy while helping to control a disease that was threatening the health of people in a community that was just recovering from an armed rebellion. In total, 66 students and supervisors participated in the 10-week-long mass treatment activities in the target area and treated more than 190,000 out of 220,000 targeted (>86%) cattle with diminazene aceturate and deltamethrin. Also, the graduates' performance improved, as indicated by 43.5% of graduates securing employment within less than a month after completing the course.
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Climate Change: An African Response - Wakhungu, Judi W. (2010)
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Nurse education in a resource limited environment: An evaluation of an educational teaching package on intramuscular injections, in Blantyre, Malawi - Walters, Marie; Furyk, Jeremy (Nurse Education in Practice, 2010)
This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a pilot nursing education package of best practice guidelines involving intramuscular injections in a developing world setting. We briefly examine what is known about intramuscular injection techniques through reviewing the evidence on the topic, and disseminate best practice guidelines, in order to update and improve nursing technique in the paediatric departments of The Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital.A teaching package of safe intramuscular injection techniques was implemented in October/November 2008. All paediatric wards were involved, and consisted of a 30 min structured package, with theory and then practical sessions. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by a knowledge based questionnaires and non-participant observations of intramuscular injections taking place, to see if new techniques were being used.Theory based learning tested was at a high level and showed the nurses had a good scientific and evidence based understanding for their practice change. A convenience sample of 223 intramuscular injections was observed over December and January. Overall 188 (84.3%) took place in the thigh, the remainder in other locations.Theory with practical teaching can have an impact upon the care given, possibly reducing the complications associated with intramuscular injections. Further plans include ensuring sustainability of the programme and extension of the project to other developing countries.
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The fate of pupils with emotional and behavioral disturbances in selected inclusive educational settings of uplands zone, Lari district in Kenya - Warigi, Lawrence Muthuma (2010)
A Research Report Submitted to Faculty of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor's Degree in Special Needs Education of Kampala International University
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Gender and homework management reported by African American students - Xu, Jianzhong (Educational Psychology, 2010)
The present study linked gender and grade level to homework management strategies and homework completion behaviours. The participants were 685 African American students in the south‐eastern USA, including 370 eighth graders and 315 eleventh graders. Gender appeared related to the majority of homework measures examined in the present study. Specifically, compared with boys, girls reported more frequently working to manage their workspace, monitor motivation and control negative emotion. In addition, girls reported that they were more likely to complete their assigned homework and were less likely to come to class without their homework. On the other hand, grade level (eighth graders vs. 11th graders) did not relate to homework management strategies and homework completion behaviours.
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Relationship between student: athlete satisfaction and leadership profiles of sport administrators in Nigerian Universities - Yakasat, Musa Garba; Kankanala, Venkateshwarlu (British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010)
Sports in the Nigerian Universities are essentially for students and by students. This means that the student is not only the prime beneficiary but also a prime producer of sports as entertainment in the university. Therefore the success of the university athletic programme depends on the satisfaction that students derive from sports. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between students-athletes9 satisfaction and leadership profile of sports administrators in Nigerian Universities. To achieve the purpose a self-developed and validated questionnaire on students-athletes9 satisfaction on leadership profiles of sports administrators was administered on the 700 randomly selected student-athletes from 14 Nigerian Universities. The part of the questionnaire on leadership profile was based on multifactor leadership questionnaire and the part of the questionnaire on student-athletes9 satisfaction was based on the facets of athlete satisfaction questionnaire. Positive results were obtained on and team outcomes as well as individual processes of student-athlete satisfaction. The study also showed significant correlations among individual and team processes, as well as individual and team outcomes. The results showed that sports administrators of Nigerian Universities has transformational leadership profile more that translational and non-leadership profiles. The results further revealed significant correlations of transformational leadership, transactional leadership and non-leadership profiles with individual outcomes, team outcomes, individual processes of student-athletes; which were more than 44, explaining more than 42% of the variance in athletes9 satisfaction.
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Interracial and Intraracial Contact, School‐Level Diversity, and Change in Racial Identity Status Among African American Adolescents - Yip, Tiffany; Seaton, Eleanor K.; Sellers, Robert M. (Child Development, 2010)
Among 224 African American adolescents (mean age = 14), the associations between interracial and intraracial contact and school‐level diversity on changes in racial identity over a 3‐year period were examined. Youths were determined to be diffused, foreclosed, moratorium, or achieved, and change or stability in identity status was examined. Contact with Black students, Black friends, and White friends predicted change in identity status. Furthermore, in racially diverse schools, having more Black friends was associated with identity stability. Students reporting low contact with Black students in racially diverse schools were more likely to report identity change if they had few Black friends. In students reporting high contact with Blacks in predominantly White schools, their identity was less likely to change for students with fewer White friends.
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China’s aid logic to HRD in Tanzania: give a fish, teaching to fish, and sharing the fish - Yuan, Tzu-Lun (2010)
Tanzania is China’s biggest recipient country in Africa. This piece explores a little China’s educational aid to Africa.
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Effects of temporal changes in climate variables on crop production in tropical sub-humid South-western Nigeria - Awotoye, Oluwasegun Olufemi; Matthew, Olaniran J. (African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2010)
Climate variability and change have been implicated to have significant impacts on global and regional food production particularly the common stable food crops performance in tropical sub-humid climatic zone. However, the extent and nature of these impacts still remain uncertain. In this study, records of crop yields and some climatic variables for a period of 17 years (1990 - 2006) were used to carry out a comprehensive study of the impacts of climate variability on some common classes of food crops (tubers, grains, legumes and vegetables) in South-western Nigeria with a view to determining their responses to observed varying climatic conditions. Crops differed markedly in their responses to the climate variables. Mean temperature varied with the tuber crop production compared with other food crops. Production of other food crops (grains, legumes and vegetables) was largely dependent on the seasonal and inter-annual change in rainfall. However, combinations of a number of interacting factors with both climatic and non-climatic components were responsible for the relatively low coefficient of correlation (r 0.4) between rainfall amount and the crop yields. The climate projections for Southwestern Nigeria by 2020 would have direct and adverse impacts on food production, distribution, infrastructure and livelihood assets in Nigeria.
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Types of removable prostheses requested by patients who were presented to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Dental Clinic - Ehikhamenor, Edeaghe; Oboro, H. O.; Onuora, O. I.; Umanah, Au; Chukwumah, Nneka Maureen; Aivboraye, I. A. (Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, 2010)
To determine the most frequent type of removable prostheses requested by patients who presented to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital outpatient clinic a descriptive retrospective study was carried out for all patients attending the Prosthodontic out patient clinic, who requested for removable prostheses from January 2004 - October 2008. The source of data was the clinic’s log book and patients’ case notes. Exclusion criteria are; request for obturators, mouth guard and palatal feeding plates for cleft lip and palate patients. Data of interest were: sex, age, edentulous space to be restored and reason for restoration. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 13.0 and presented as a simple frequency table. A total of 351 cases were seen during the study period. This was made up of 188 (53.6%) males and 163 (46.4%) females. The age ranges were < 20 years (1.4%), 21 - 40 years (68.9%), 41 - 60years (19.9%) and 61 - 80years (9.8%).  Edentulous spaces restored in these patients were Kennedy’s class III (57.3%), Kennedy’s class IV (26.2%), Kennedy’s class I and II (0.9%), Kennedy’s class III with modifications (5.7%), Kennedy’s class II with modifications (1.4%), Kennedy’s class I with modifications (1.7%) and complete dentures (6.0%). The main reason for seeking replacement was aesthetics (89.2%). The most common removable prostheses requested by patients who attend the University of Benin outpatient clinic was Kennedy’s class III, with aesthetics being the main reason for restoration of edentulous space. Key words: Edentulous, Kennedy, aesthetics.
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A Unified Catalog of Main Earthquakes for Northern Algeria from A.D. 856 to 2008 - Hamdache, Mohamed; Peláez, José A.; Talbi, Abdelhak; Casado, Carlos López (Seismological Research Letters, 2010)
Research Article| September 01, 2010 A Unified Catalog of Main Earthquakes for Northern Algeria from A.D. 856 to 2008 M. Hamdache; M. Hamdache Department of Physics University of Jaén Campus de Las Lagunillas. Building A3 23071-Jaén, Spain japelaez@ujaen.es (J. A. P.) 1Département d'Études et Surveillance Sismique, Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Algiers, Algeria Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar José A. Peláez; José A. Peláez Department of Physics University of Jaén Campus de Las Lagunillas. Building A3 23071-Jaén, Spain japelaez@ujaen.es (J. A. P.) 2Department of Physics, University of Jaén, Spain Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. Talbi; A. Talbi Department of Physics University of Jaén Campus de Las Lagunillas. Building A3 23071-Jaén, Spain japelaez@ujaen.es (J. A. P.) 1Département d'Études et Surveillance Sismique, Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique, Algiers, Algeria Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. López Casado C. López Casado Department of Physics University of Jaén Campus de Las Lagunillas. Building A3 23071-Jaén, Spain japelaez@ujaen.es (J. A. P.) 3Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Granada, Spain Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2010) 81 (5): 732–739. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.5.732 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation M. Hamdache, José A. Peláez, A. Talbi, C. López Casado; A Unified Catalog of Main Earthquakes for Northern Algeria from A.D. 856 to 2008. Seismological Research Letters 2010;; 81 (5): 732–739. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.5.732 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search The primary goal of this work is to catalog all the main earthquake events above magnitude MW 4.0 in northern Algeria and its surrounding region, specifically for the area between 32° to 38°N and 3°W to 10°E, as part of a project to reassess the seismic hazard in this zone. The catalog can be downloaded from the University of Jaén Web site at http://www.ujaen.es/investiga/rnm024/northern_algerian_catalog.dat. Until now, there have been only partial (albeit useful) catalogs compiled specifically for this zone (Rothé 1950; Grandjean 1954; Mokrane et al. 1994; Yelles Chauche et al., 2002;... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Living alongside a volcano in Baliau, Papua New Guinea - Mercer, Jessica; Kelman, Ilan (Disaster Prevention and Management, 2010)
Purpose The paper aims to further understand the contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction through reviewing the experiences of Baliau village situated on Manam Island in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Design/methodology/approach Indigenous strategies for disaster risk reduction were identified through participatory group discussions with community members, including a strengths‐weaknesses‐opportunities‐threats analysis. Findings The paper outlines how indigenous knowledge was used for disaster risk reduction and to cope with enforced evacuation. It demonstrates the need for community consultation alongside the benefits of applying the sustainable livelihoods approach to better understand volcano‐related opportunities, rather than just focusing on the volcano's threats. Practical implications Indigenous knowledge has both relevance and applicability when applied to disaster risk reduction. Communities should be consulted at all stages of disaster risk reduction and disaster response in order to ensure the relevance and applicability of any strategy. Originality/value Through a new case study, this paper explores the contributions of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction and outlines the disruption of evacuation upon indigenous communities. Lessons learnt for future evacuation and rehabilitation scenarios are outlined through application of the sustainable livelihoods approach.
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An information system in Nigerian education: A study of data storage - Nakpodia, E. D. (International Journal of Library and Information Science, 2010)
This paper dealt with information systems which had existed since the beginning of mankind. Information systems tagged as computer based information is employed in educational settings in all countries of the world especially Nigeria as a developing nation. This has changed over the years and has given rise to information technologies and data storage devices for recording information. These are virtually done in any form of energy spanning from manual muscle power in hand writing to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording. As new information technologies are developed in educational industries, new categories emerge that can be used for information systems. This paper therefore examined information systems in Nigerian education as it affects data storage devices and data bank. This is because the power to process information rapidly makes the data bank a versatile centre for planning and research. Key words: Information system, data storage, Nigeria education.
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A Comparison of the Information Seeking Pattern of Distance Learners in Botswana: A Case Study of Four Tertiary Institutions - Oladokun, Olugbade (Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning, 2010)
The study investigated the information seeking behaviour of two categories of distance learners in Botswana, comprising the cross-border students and those that registered with the University of Botswana. The return of 364 duly completed questionnaires recorded 70.1 percent response rate. Cross tabulation and chi-square were made to relate the independent variables to the findings and establish possible influence where appropriate. The study made recommendations that could assist the providers of distance education on the information milieu in which distance learners operate generally in Africa and Botswana in particular and also lead to the improvement of students' use of information resources.
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Reconceptualization of African vocational and technological education for emergent globalization, relevance and sustainable economic development - Oloruntegbe, Kunle Oke; Agbayewa, J. O.; Adodo, S. O.; Adare, Dele; Laleye, A. M. (Vocational and Technical Education, 2010)
This paper focuses on reconceptualizing vocational and technological education in Africa to make it more relevant and able to meet the emergent global and sustainable economy. The past and present operations of this system of education were x-rayed pointing out the problems and the expectations. The expectations were high. The problems are equally numerous and overwhelming such that as it is being presently operated the system can not meet both the local needs and international standard. This led the authors to propose both short and long term models and strategies anchored on holistic learning environment aimed at producing market relevant enterprising graduates for global economy and skilled workers for local needs. Key word: Reconceptualization, vocational and technological education, short and long term model.
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Mediating knowledge and constituting subjectivities in distance education materials for language teachers in South Africa. - Reed, Yvonne (2010)
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Tales From the Front Line: Teachers’ Responses to Somali Bantu Refugee Students - Roxas, Kevin (Urban Education, 2010)
This qualitative study identifies the ways in which teachers in an urban school district responded to the specialized educational needs of Somali Bantu refugee students who have recently been relocated to the United States and who have had limited and interrupted access to education prior to their enrollment in public schools in the United States. The article identifies the institutional obstacles teachers in Central City 1 high schools faced in general during the 2007—2008 school year and then highlights the different types of responses employed by native U.S.-born teachers when working with their Somali Bantu students.
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Improving public health training and research capacity in Africa: a replicable model for linking training to health and socio-demographic surveillance data - Williams, Jill; Schatz, Enid; Clark, Ben; Collinson, Mark; Clark, Samuel J.; Menken, Jane; Kahn, Kathleen; Tollman, Stephen (Global Health Action, 2010)
Research training for public health professionals is key to the future of public health and policy in Africa. A growing number of schools of public health are connected to health and socio-demographic surveillance system field sites in developing countries, in Africa and Asia in particular. Linking training programs with these sites provides important opportunities to improve training, build local research capacity, foreground local health priorities, and increase the relevance of research to local health policy.To increase research training capacity in public health programs by providing targeted training to students and increasing the accessibility of existing data.This report is a case study of an approach to linking public health research and training at the University of the Witwatersrand. We discuss the development of a sample training database from the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System in South Africa and outline a concordant transnational intensive short course on longitudinal data analysis offered by the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Colorado-Boulder. This case study highlights ways common barriers to linking research and training can be overcome.This collaborative effort demonstrates that linking training to ongoing data collection can improve student research, accelerate student training, and connect students to an international network of scholars. Importantly, the approach can be adapted to other partnerships between schools of public health and longitudinal research sites.
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Activists Within the Academy: The Role of Prior Experience in Adult Learners’ Acquisition of Postgraduate Literacies in a Postapartheid South African University - Cooper, Linda (Adult Education Quarterly, 2010)
The article takes as a case study a group of disability rights activists who were given access to a master’s program via Recognition of Prior Learning. The question explored is “Can adult learners’ prior experiential knowledge act as a resource for the successful acquisition of postgraduate academic literacy practices?” The analysis is framed theoretically by Bourdieu’s notions of habitus, capital, and field. It is argued that adult learners’ acquisition of postgraduate literacies is an outcome of the interplay between three factors: (a) student habitus and dispositions, (b) pedagogic agency, and (c) the nature of the disciplinary field. Although the program under investigation made complex demands on students, lecturers’ understanding of student habitus enabled students’ prior experiential knowledge to be tapped as a resource. However, students also exercised agency in negotiating the forms of academic habitus acquired, and the trajectory of their agency involved a mix of accommodation, resistance, and challenge.
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A Neglected Impediment to True Africanisation of African Higher Education Curricula: Same Agenda, Differential Fee Regimes - Okeke, Chukwudi Innocent (Métropole (Rabat), 2010)
This paper focuses on various international fee regimes within African universities and aims to sensitize debates around this highly neglected issue. My primary goal is not only to challenge arbitrary policy, but also to produce a useful sociological framework capable of enabling Africans to participate in their own educational development wherever they may choose to study. This paper targets African curriculum policy-makers and stakeholders and by focusing on the differential fee regimes, it is possible to show how such policy impinges upon current discourse on the Africanisation of higher education curriculum in very complex and subtle ways. Without disregarding recent efforts, however, I want to suggest that promoting an all-inclusive higher education environment within Africa without a single unified tuition policy negates all efforts toward an African curriculum agenda. An example is drawn from the thinking of the Bologna Process and the challenges such development presents to the African continent. The paper concludes that until differential policy regimes within African tertiary institutions are included on the agenda of various efforts toward the harmonization of African higher education, the journey towards a true Africanised, decolonized and all- inclusive education curricula for Africans may remain a mirage.
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The Study of Anthropometric Variables on Growth and Development of School Children in Zaria, Nigeria - Oyewale, A.A.; Ojo, S. A.; Adebisi, Samuel Sunday; Danborno, S.B. (Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010)
Human populations consist of individuals who differ widely in body shape and size. Growth and development are intrinsic characteristics of childhood. Progress in growth and developmental milestones is age related, occurs in phases and has a normal pattern. There are different patterns of growth for particular age groups, from the prenatal period to adolescence. This study was conducted to compare the anthropometric variables of different age and sex group has associated to various degree of development. The study population comprised of 1,235 apparent healthy children (prepubertal 9-12 years: male, n = 248, female, n = 260; pubertal 13-15 years: male, n = 186, female, n = 193; adolescence 16-18 years: male, n =192, female, n = 156). Anthropometric measurements considered includes weight, height, Biepicondylar breadth of Humerus and femur, upper arm and calf circumferences, triceps; Subscapular; Supraspinale; and medial calf skinfold thicknesses. The results obtained shows a significant difference (p＜0.001) in all variables in both sexes as there is an increase in the mean value of all parameters measured as the age increases. Female category showed higher value at 13-15 years of age than the males.
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Continuing medical education in Radiology in South Africa - Rensburg, Leon Janse van (SA journal of radiology, 2010)
N/A
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Assessing farm responses to the uncertainty of climate change: application to an irrigated area in Northern Tunisia - Chabchoub, M. A.; Belhouchette, Hatem; Abbes, K.; Souissi, Imen (2010)
Decision-makers are often confronted with contradictory demands when it comes to developing projects to evaluate and foster suitable strategies for adapting to global warming. In fact, few quantitative methods for assessing the impact of climate change on resilience and adaptive capacity have been defined and used. Furthermore, the tendency has been to treat the impact of climate change as a stand-alone activity, whereas it should be integrated into development projects, plans, policies, and strategies, in order to reach a compromise solution, a trade-off between the costs and benefits of different criteria (economic, social, environmental etc.). This paper presents a study using a bio-economic model to assess, at farm level, the impact of climate change in northern Tunisia by analysing farm production systems behaviours as well as economic and environmental variables.
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Gender-Stereotypes Belief and Practices in the Classroom: The Nigerian Post-Primary School Teachers - Ifegbesan, Ayodeji Peter (Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 2010)
This study explores the gender-stereotyped beliefs and perception of secondary school teachers' in classroom practices. A total of 250 teachers' participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to generate responses from teachers on how gender-stereotypes are played out in their classroom practices. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and t-test. Results indicate that most of the teachers surveyed directly or indirectly promote gender-stereotypes. However, ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant difference between some demographic variables and the three aspects. From these findings, it is recommended that teacher education curricula for both pre- service and in-service must be permeated with opportunities to acquire gender sensitivity knowledge, skills and develop attitudes in classroom layout, use of resources, responsibilities for activities, discipline, classroom language and teacher- students interaction. In addition, Federal and States Ministries of Education need to develop textbooks and materials, establish mechanisms to monitor and evaluate education policy implementation from a gender equality perspective. Keywords-Gender-stereotypes,beliefs,perception,classroom practices, teachers
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Influence of drought and flooding on the colonisation of floodplain pans by riverine fish in the Zimbabwean lowveld - Barson, Maxwell; Nhiwatiwa, Tamuka (African Journal of Aquatic Science, 2010)
Received 11 May 2009, accepted 31 July 2009Temporary floodplain pans in southern Africa are defined as ‘seasonal freshwater palustrine wetlands, up to 2 m deep and with a maximum surface area of 8 ha, adjacent to a well-defined river channel’. They are seasonally or periodi-cally inundated when the river overflows its banks in a flood event, and their substrate is dominated by alluvial or hydric soils (Cowan 1995). Floodplain pans play an important role as refugia and breeding habitats for freshwater fish (Coke and Pott 1971). In southern Africa, extensive floodplains are found on large rivers such as the Zambezi, Kafue, Limpopo and Pongolo (Davies and Day 1998), and, in Zimbabwe, floodplain pans occur in the middle Zambezi (Mana Pools) (Goudie and Thomas 1985) and in the Save–Runde system (Dallas 1998).The hydrological regimes of floodplain pans follow a seasonal pattern of filling up in the wet season and then drying out after the rains end. During the dry season and in periods of extreme drought these pans are totally dry but, as soon as they receive some water, explosive biological activity begins. Early colonisers include insects and birds, which are highly mobile, followed by groups such as gastro-pods, crustaceans, and some amphibians and fish, which all have resting stages that allow them to survive without water (Davies and Day 1998). Most fish species can only colonise the pans once the river has risen sufficiently to connect with them. This study investigated changes in the fish communi-ties in relation to drought and flooding in four floodplain pans in the Save Valley Conservancy, south-eastern Zimbabwe. The pans are situated in the alluvial floodplain of the Save River, which covers approximately 40 km
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Working with 'the community': student accounts of community based work in South Africa - Callaghan, Jane (2010)
Drawing on a series of interviews and focus groups with South African women in professional psychological training, this paper focuses on talk about of their ‘community based’ work. Using a discursive approach informed by Foucauldian, postcolonial and feminist theory, I unpack the ways in which they construct notions of ‘community’ (implicitly classed and racialised) and of ‘mental health in the community’, and explore the positioning of community as something ‘out there’, separate from the psychologist they are becoming. ‘The professional psychologist’ is represented in their talk as politically neutral and emotionally detached from the difficulties that the community faces. But there are also tensions in their accounts between this professional position and other positionings, as black or white women, as South African women. They talk about their work in the community as ‘tainted’ by social, political and emotional sensibilities. These tensions are enacted most potently in supervision, which is represented as a space in which they hide their activist and engaged psychological work, representing it as a sanitised and asocial psychological story, suitable for presentation within a professional psychological context
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Genetic aspects of hearing loss in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. - Kabahuma, Rosemary I. (2010)
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Educators’ disciplinary capabilities after the banning of corporal punishment in South African schools - Maphosa, Cosmas; Shumba, Almon (South African Journal of Education, 2010)
The escalation of learner indiscipline cases in schools suggests failure by teachers to institute adequate alternative disciplinary measures after corporal punishment was outlawed in South African schools. We sought to address the following two research questions: (a) How do educators view their disciplinary capabilities in the post-corporal punishment period? and (b) How do educators view the usefulness of alternative disciplinary measures? The study adopted a qualitative approach. A case study of three purposively selected practising junior secondary school educators was used. Data were collected through interviews. We found that educators generally feel disempowered in their ability to institute discipline in schools in the absence of corporal punishment. Educators revealed that learners do not fear or respect educators because they know that nothing will happen to them. Although educators are aware of alternative disciplinary measures, they view them as ineffective and time consuming. Keywords: corporal punishment; educator capacity; indiscipline; schools; South Africa
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Responses of South African teachers to the challenge of school integration - Vandeyar, Saloshna (South African Journal of Education, 2010)
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The Effect of Poverty on Education in Nigeria: Obstacles and Solutions - Amzat, Ismail Hussein (2010)
This paper embarks on a long journey deep into the history of a country that is supposed or predicted generally to be economically one the leading countries in the world or at least in Africa. Nigeria has been blessed tremendously and generously with remarkable economic resources such as oil, cocoa, rubber and plantations. Despite all these natural resources and blessed assets, it is really lamentable to see an increasing number of Nigerians still living in absolute poverty in recent times. In the rural areas, poverty seems to be higher compared to urban areas. The effects of poverty in the country, the instability of the government and the country’s leadership have seriously damaged the educational system as well as its quality. The graduate unemployment rate is high and frightening as well as that of adults, and the number of children dropping out from schools, joining the street traders and snatch-thieves is alarming. Adequate planning, resources and materials are not invested and technological intervention is not incorporated. In this regard, this paper is a qualitative research by nature based on interviews with some Nigerian experts, educationists and scholars about what the Nigerian government should do to reduce poverty that is tearing our educational standards and quality apart. Besides, the paper proposes some solutions and makes recommendations through interviews which perhaps the Nigerian government will consider to raise the standard and quality of education in Nigeria.
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TRUST IN HEALTH PROVIDERS AS A CATALYST FOR MALARIA PREVENTION: HETEROGENEOUS IMPACTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN RURAL GHANA - Hoop, Thomas de; Kempen, L.A.C.M. van (The Developing Economies, 2010)
Although knowledge about effectiveness of insecticide‐treated bed nets (ITNs) is fairly widespread in Ghana, their use remains far from universal. We test and validate the hypothesis that health education of hospitals and health centers in rural Ghana is more effective for groups that display relatively high trust to health providers. We estimate heterogeneous impacts of health education on ITN and/or bed net use and on fever as a crude proxy for malaria in the Brong Ahafo and Upper East regions in Ghana, with help of propensity‐adjusted regression. The degree of trust in health providers appears to be a key factor in determining the effectiveness of health education in both regions. The effect is not ruled out by controlling for general trust. There are indications of nonlinear effects. The Kassena‐Nankana seems to be an exception to this rule—despite low trust in health providers, health education is highly effective for this ethnic group.
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Namibia and South Africa as Examples of Religious and Moral Education in Changing Societies - Lombard, Christo (2010)
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Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila among patients presented with diarrhea attending two teaching hospitals in northern, Nigeria - Rogo, Lawal Dahiru; Attah, Agbo; Bawa, E. K.; Aliyu, Abdullahi; Aliyu, Mansur; Gaiya, A. Z. (Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2010)
A total of one hundred and twenty eight (128) stool samples were collected from patients attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, and screened for the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Out of the one hundred and twenty eight samples analyzed 4 (3.12%) were found positive for Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Antibioticsusceptibility testing of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated showed that all the 4 (100%) isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Ceftazidime, 3 (75%) to Augmentin and 2(50%) to Gentamicin and Cefuroxine.All the isolates (100%) were however resistant to Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Sulphatriad, Streptomycin, Cephalothin and Ampicilin.This study confirmed that Aeromonas hydrophila as a sole enteropathogen could be responsible for diarrhea and should be considered amongst the causative agents of diarrhea.
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THE GOSPEL HISTORY AND TEACHING, VIEWED IN CONNECTION WITH THE LOCALITIES OP PALESTINE - Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (2010)
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Development Through Business: What Do American Business Students Know About Emerging Markets and Opportunities in Africa? - Moore, Kelli N. (Journal of Teaching in International Business, 2010)
This article investigates how Africa is taught in business and examines African and American student perspectives on business in Africa. Conclusions find that African students, business students or not, had more knowledge about business and economic structures than American business students; however, learning about successful case studies on business in Africa proved to motivate both students and faculty. The nexus between international development and business is emphasized and training business students to seek potential partnerships with African businesses is underscored. The article ends with educational recommendations and cites the advantages of introducing students to emerging opportunities in business on the continent.
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Skin cancers in albinos in a teaching Hospital in eastern Nigeria - presentation and challenges of care - Opara, Kingsley Okechukwu; Jiburum, Bernard C (World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2010)
Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by lack of skin pigmentation. It has a worldwide distribution but is commoner in areas close to the equator like Nigeria. Skin cancers are a major risk associated with albinism and are thought to be a major cause of death in African albinos. Challenges faced in the care of these patients need to be highlighted in order to develop a holistic management approach with a significant public health impact. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of skin cancers seen in Albinos, and to highlight problems encountered in their management. Case records of albinos managed in Imo state University teaching Hospital from June 2007 to May 2009 were reviewed. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the period under review, albinos accounted for 67% of patients managed for primary skin cancers. There were twenty patients with thirty eight (38) lesions. Sixty one percent of the patients were below 40 years. Average duration of symptoms at presentation was 26 months. The commonest reason for late presentation was the lack of funds. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histologic variant. Most patients were unable to complete treatment due to lack of funds. Albinism appears to be the most important risk factor in the development of skin cancers in our environment. Late presentation and poor rate of completion of treatment due to poverty are major challenges.
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Environmental niche plasticity of the endemic gecko Phelsuma parkeri Loveridge 1941 from Pemba Island, Tanzania; a case study of extinction risk on flat islands by climate change. - Rödder, Dennis; Hawlitschek, Oliver; Glaw, Frank (Tropical Zoology, 2010)
Phelsuma parkeri Loveridge 1941 is an endemic gecko species native to the relatively flat island of Pemba (elevational range 0 to < 100 m asl). Information on its distribution on the island and its conservation status is currently lacking. Herein, we provide information on the spatial distribution of P. parkeri and on its adaptability to habitat modification and changing climates. Our results imply that until now P. parkeri has been highly adaptable to anthropogenic habitat modification. A comparison with paleoclimatic conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum on Pemba has revealed that, in the past, P. parkeri and other endemic species on the island survived climatic conditions that were different from the current climatic conditions despite the absence of possibilities for compensating for these changes by means of altitudinal range shifts. We predict that P. parkeri is currently unlikely to be threatened by climate change. The main potential threat identified may be the introduction of invasive species such as Phelsuma dubia (Boettger 1881), which is already well established on the nearest island, i.e. on Zanzibar. Based on our findings, we propose that P. parkeri should be categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
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Factors Affecting the Sustainability of School Feeding Program Among Pre-Schools in Magadi Zone, Kajiado District of Kenya - Wanjohi, Anthony M. (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
School feeding programmes have been implemented in many countries over several decades in an attempt to improve health, growth,educational performance and attendance of school age children. However, various factors have continued to affect their very sustainability especially in developing countries. As such, this study examined the factors affecting the sustainability of these programmes in a romote zone of Kajiado District in Kenya. The study sought to find out whether social-economic, managerial, climatic and food storage factors affected the sustainability of feeding programme in the Zone. The study employed descriptive survey design. The sample consisted of teachers and administrators. Non-probability and probability sampling methods were used to arrive at the sample of teachers and administrators respectively. The instruments that were used in data collection included questionnaire and interview guide. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers while interview guide was used with administrators. Data were analyzed descriptively with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10 for Windows. The findings were presented in frequencies and percentages. From the analysis, the study revealed that that there were a number of factors that affected the pre-school feeding programs in the Magadi Zone. These included social-economic factor due to prevalence of poverty among the Maasai Community, managerial, food storage factor and climatic factor since the area experiences unreliable rainfall. The study also established that the programme did enjoy the support of school administration but was poorly supported by the community members due to their socio-economic situation. The study recommended that government, NGOs, school administrator and community to work together towards supporting the school feeding programmes in the arid areas where food shortage is critically felt.
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Level of HIV/AIDS Information Consciousness among Secondary School Students in Ekiti State, Nigeria - Adesoji, FF (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper highlights the result of an investigation into the level ofinformation consciousness of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus orAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Ado-Ekiti and Ekiti East Local Government Areas of Ekiti State in Nigeria. They respectively represent urban and rural settings in the state. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. 165 copies of the questionnaire were distributed while 150 copies were utilized for the study in both urban and rural areas. Mean scores and standard deviations were used to answer the three research questions while t-test statistic was used for the three hypotheses. The major findings of the study were that secondary school students in both urban and rural areas of Ekiti State. Nigeria did not know all the possible causes, signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS or the protection against contracting the infections. Based on the above findings, the researcher made some recommendations.
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Effects of Photography on Acquisition of Sculpture Skills among Junior Secondary School Students in Osun State, Nigeria - Bada, TA; Ijisakin, YO; Adeyanju, IF (African Research Review, 2010)
The study investigated the effects of photography on acquisition of sculpture skills among Junior Secondary School Students in Osun State.Forty students were randomly selected from two schools.The two schools were purposefully selected from fifty secondary schools in Ife Central Local Government Council Area of Osun State based on the availability of Fine Arts Studio• Twenty students each were randomly selected into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was taught using photographic series while control group was taught using conventional method.The analysis of the data when subjected to t-test; shows that the t-table (1.697) in greater than t calculated (0.837) at the pre-test level and that the t-table
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A survey of digital library education in library schools in Africa - Baro, Emmanuel E. (Oclc Systems & Services, 2010)
Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to bring to light the state of education in digital libraries (DLs) in library schools in Africa, and the readiness of library schools to produce future digital librarians in Africa. Design/methodology/approach The survey was carried out in two parts: first, a survey of web sites maintained by library schools was conducted to identify any DL course offered and also to analyze the course contents, followed by e‐mail messages containing three research questions to library and information science (LIS) faculty members to ascertain the availability of DL courses in the curriculum. Findings Results from the survey revealed that only a few library schools offer courses specifically related to DLs. Many library schools have not developed DL as a standalone course in their LIS curriculum; rather, it is briefly discussed as a topic in related courses. The reason for this is that the LIS departments lack the facilities and qualified personnel to teach a course on DL. More than 45 library schools were investigated, among them 20 institutions offering DL courses or related courses. Originality/value The results from the study presented in this paper will provide important data and insight into the current state of DL education in African library schools, and generate suggestions for educators and policy makers for developing and including “DLs” as a standalone course in the LIS curriculum.
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Potential Impact of Climate Change on Improved and Unimproved Water Supplies in Africa - Bonsor, H.C.; MacDonald, Alan; Calow, Roger (2010)
With significant climate change predicted in Africa over the next century, this chapter explores a key question: how will rural water supplies in Africa be affected ? Approximately 550 million people in Africa live in rural communities and are reliant on water resources within walking distance of their community for drinking water. Less than half have access to improved sources (generally large diameter wells, springs or boreholes equipped with hand pumps); the majority rely on unimproved sources, such as open water and shallow wells. Major climate modelling uncertainties, combined with rapid socio-economic change, make predicting the future state of African water resources difficult; an appropriate response to climate change is to assume much greater uncertainty in climate and intensification of past climate variability. Based on this assumption the following should be considered:Those relying on unimproved water sources (300 million in rural Africa) are likely to be most affected by climate change because unimproved sources often use highly vulnerable water resources.Improved rural water supplies in Africa are overwhelmingly dependent on groundwater, due to the unreliability of other sources.Climate change is unlikely to lead to a continent-wide failure of improved rural water sources that access deeper groundwater (generally over 20 metres below ground surface) through boreholes or deep wells. This is because groundwater-based domestic supply requires little recharge, and the groundwater resources at depth will generally be of sufficient storage capacity to remain a secure water resource. However, a significant minority of people could be affected if the frequency and length of drought increases – particularly those in areas with limited groundwater storage.In most areas, the key determinants of water security will continue to be driven by access to water rather than absolute water availability. Extending access, and ensuring that targeting and technology decisions are informed by an understanding of groundwater conditions, will become increasingly important.Accelerating groundwater development for irrigation could increase food production, raise farm incomes and reduce overall vulnerability. However, ad hoc development could threaten domestic supplies and, in some areas, lead to groundwater depletion. Although climate change will undoubtedly be important in determining future water security, other drivers (such as population growth and rising food demands) are likely to provide greater pressure on rural water supplies.
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The Origin and Development of Formal Art Schools in Nigeria - Chukueggu, Chioma O. C. (African Research Review, 2010)
The paper traces the origin and development of art study in the institutions of higher learning in Nigeria.The British Colonial Government in the country was not keen at investing on higher education.They feared that increase in knowledge through higher education might intensify the already tensed political agitation for self rule in the country.Therefore, Nigerians were only left with the difficult task of travelling abroad to acquire higher education.This was also the plight of the pioneer College and University trained Nigerian artists.This paper investigates the eventual establishment of Art Departments in the first higher Institution built by the colonial masters in Nigeria.It traces the growth and transformation of the pioneer higher institution into the power house of art education in the country.It also looks at the subsequent establishment of many other art departments in the institutions of higher learning in post independence Nigeria.It looks at the changes over time in the course content of these art departments which today are completely indigenous.Finally, it concludes with an update of Nigerian Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education that offer art in their programmes.
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Poor Reading Culture: A Barrier to Students’ Patronage of Libraries Selected Secondary School in Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti-State, Nigeria - Fabunmi, FA; Folorunso, O (African research review, 2010)
The paper examined poor reading culture: A barrier to students' patronage of Selected Secondary School Libraries in Ado Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State.The design for the study is descriptive survey which utilizes questionnaire to collect data.Oral interview was also conducted.Tables and simple percentages were adopted in the data analysis.Results of the analysis show that computer and other media, harsh economic reality, societal demand for materialism, inadequate library materials among others are causes of poor reading culture of students in secondary schools.It was also revealed that materials in secondary school libraries are not organized, inadequate, not relevant, school librarians not readily available among others constitute the reasons for poor patronage of secondary schools libraries.It concluded by giving recommendations towards the improvement of reading culture of secondary school students and the enhancement of the patronage of their school libraries.
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Weathering and Taming the Storm in 'Hard Times': The Case of Nande Economic Influence and Power in North Kivu, DRC - Hale, Aaron (Social Science Research Network, 2010)
Current literature on the conflict in the eastern provinces of The Democratic of Congo (DRC) tends to focus on the Hobbesian aspects of a decade long war and the impacts on state and society. The current focus of many policy analysts and human rights organizations working on the DRC focuses on the formal and informal criminal networks that continue to reinforce a predatory economy in light of an extremely weak, and fragmented, state.This study differs from present scholarship in that it looks at the new forms of political and economic space that have opened up and looks specifically at the Nande ethnic group in North Kivu province. The Nande have capitalized on the weakness and fragility of the DRC state and transcended these obstacles by constructing a new economic and political order that can be felt throughout the entire North Kivu province. Not only have the Nande weathered the storm during difficult political and economic times, but also they have tamed the storm and constructed a new order that will change the dynamics of eastern DRC for the foreseeable future.Relying on local histories and data collected in North Kivu province from 2005 to 2007, this study will show that the crisis in eastern DRC has been beneficial for the Nande at the expense of others.
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'ENGLISH IS MUST TO US':: LANGUAGES AND EDUCATION IN KAKUMA REFUGEE CAMP, KENYA - Khasandi-Telewa, Vicky (2010)
This thesis explores the interaction between context and attitude in the languagein- education experiences of multilingual refugees in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Northern Kenya, East Africa. The aim was to discover how they respond to policy and practice in language-in-education and the macro-societal influences that affect their attitudes. I wanted to find out the realities the refugee learners face as a corollary of the policy and practice, and their responses towards these realities. I used an approach based on Critical Ethnography to collect and analyse the data. This generated a diversity of data, allowing for triangulation. I drew on several theoretical frameworks to explore the diverse themes emerging from the data: Cummins' (2000) Transformative Pedagogy, Phillipson's (1992, 1999) Linguistic Imperialism, and Kachru's (1983, 1994) World Englishes. I found that the provision of language education for the refugees follows the mainstream Kenyan policy, a relic of colonialism, whereby English is the medium of instruction from Class Four onwards. Mother tongues or Swahili may, in theory, be used for the lower classes but the practice is often not so. Many refugees have a love-hate relationship with English. They find it hard to master, yet like it as a passport to resettlement, jobs and further education. A few appreciate Swahili but many ofthe Sudanese find it burdensome and unnecessary. Arabic, French and Mother tongues are both appreciated and disliked, but most find their usefulness reduced. The learners face harsh realities, as most not only have to learn the new languages but also have them used as media of instruction. They devise a range of strategies to respond to these realities, for instance, making their way into English Language support classes even if by trickery .and impersonation. This study seeks to contribute to the research literature by exploring how context and attitude affect each other in the education of learners in the temporary setting of a refugee camp.
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Worksheets and learning in South African museums - Nyamupangedengu, Eunice (2010)
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Teachers’ motivation and its influence on quality assurance in the Nigerian educational system - Ofojebe, W.N.; Ezugoh, C (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper discussed extensively Teachers' Motivation and its influence onQuality Assurance in the Nigerian Educational System.The Nigerian educational system like wise the school is an arena which accommodates various resources (both human and material).These human resources including students, teaching and non-teaching staff are inputs that operate within the whims and caprice of this arena.Most essential of these inputs are the teachers that facilitate the teaching -learning process for the achievement of educational goals and outcomes.Given adequate teachers' motivation will enhance quality instructional delivery, quality output and quality assurance in the school system.Highlighted in the paper are definitions of some terms and the significance of teachers' motivation and quality assurance to the Nigerian educational system.Different motivational theories were also highlighted in the paper in order to show the nexus between teacher motivation and quality assurance.The paper also analyzed the educational implications of motivational theories and proffers Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infomotivational strategies that guarantee quality assurance in the educational system.Motivational strategies like staff training and development, promotion, salary, remuneration, working conditions, status and participatory decision making, acted as a barrier towards achieving quality assurance in the educational system.Some challenges that negatively influenced teacher motivation and recommendations were also highlighted.Among such recommendations included: government recognition of teachers motivational needs such as promotion, good salaries and remuneration in order to achieve quality assurance; and staff training, retraining and development as one of teachers' motivational needs/strategies strengthened in order to promote teachers efficiency, productivity and performance for quality outcomes.The importance and purpose of this work is to address these issues as it influences quality assurance in the Nigerian educational system.
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Enhancing Quality in Educational Practice and Instructional Delivery by Teachers of Technology and Vocational Education in Nigeria - Okoye, K. R. E. (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper is put together to educate on the best possible means to deliverinstructions to students in technical and vocational education (TVE) programs. Realizing that TVE involves skills acquisition and also practically affiliated, the paper is conscious of this fact. As a result, it highlighted techniques and the factors that determine good teaching assignment as part of best means to achieve success in TVE instructional delivery. Recommendations are proffered based on the highlights.
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Connecting civic education to civil right and responsibility: a strategy for reducing high school dropout among African American students - Starks, Charlane (2010)
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Climate Change and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review - Thompson, Heather; Berrang‐Ford, Lea; Ford, James D. (Sustainability, 2010)
In recent years it has become clear that climate change is an inevitable process. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the expectation is that climate change will have an especially negative impact, not only a result of projected warming and rainfall deficits, but also because of the vulnerability of the population. The impact upon food security will be of great significance, and may be defined as being composed of three components: availability, access, and utilization. To further investigate the link, a systematic literature review was done of the peer-reviewed literature related to climate change and food security, employing the realist review method. Analysis of the literature found consistent predictions of decreased crop productivity, land degradation, high market prices, negative impacts on livelihoods, and increased malnutrition. Adaptation strategies were heavily discussed as a means of mitigating a situation of severe food insecurity across the entire region. This is linked to issues of development, whereby adaptation is essential to counteract the negative impacts and improve the potential of the population to undergo development processes. Findings additionally revealed a gap in the literature about how nutrition will be affected, which is of importance given the links between poor nutrition and lack of productivity.
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Alternative Assessment and Women Education in Nigeria - Umezulike, Nneka; Afemikhe, Omaze Anthony (African Research Review, 2010)
Women in Nigerian Society are in most cases not seen to have been well treated.This in most cases has been attributed to cultural factors which saw the place of the woman as in the kitchen.The situation is fast changing though and in some states within Nigeria there is a preponderance of women in schools.In many states, women education centers have been established to open up educational opportunities for women folk.Very often, the emphasis have been on vocational education specialties which in most cases are mainly amenable to alternative assessment if the psychomotor outcomes they emphasis are to be realized.This paper examines the women education programs as presently implemented in two states in Nigeria.A sample of fifty two trainers was used as source of data collection.A questionnaire which explores the assessment processes utilized was constructed.Supervisors of two of the centers were interviewed.The data was analyzed using an interpretative norm and thick descriptions.Alternative assessment procedures used often were identified.Based on the results it was recommended that teachers in these centers should be assisted to put into practice the use of some authentic assessment techniques.
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Early Sexual Experience and Later Onset of Illegal Drug Use Among African American Students on HBCU Campuses - Wang, Yan; Storr, Carla L.; Browne, Dorothy C.; Wagner, Fernando A. (Substance Use & Misuse, 2010)
Few studies examine whether early sexual experience is associated with subsequent illegal drug use among adolescents. A sample of 7,372 African American students who had not used illegal drugs before the age of 14 were identified in the dataset of the 2001 Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Substance Use Survey. Using self-reported ages of onset, discrete-time survival models estimated the hazard of illegal drug use onset after age 13 subsequent to first sexual intercourse. Early sex was modestly associated with subsequent illegal drug initiation, particularly among females. Drug use prevention services should be provided to youth engaged in early sexual activity.
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Uses of Computer and its Relevance to Teaching and Learning in Nigerian Educational System - Bada, TA; Oyewusi, L. M.; Ojedokun, OA; Adewole, A.P. (African Research Review, 2010)
This paper examined the uses of computer and its relevance to teaching and learning in Nigerian secondary schools.The need for computer education and its objectives in Nigerian educational system were identified and discussed.The roles the classroom teachers would play and the challenges they would have to face in using computer for instruction were also highlighted.Possible solutions were suggested to ensure successful implementation of computer education programme in Nigerian secondary schools.
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White South African school girls and their accounts of black girls at school and cross-racial heterosexual relations outside school - Bhana, Deevia; Pattman, Rob (Ethnicities, 2010)
The post-apartheid era has generated opportunities for cross-racial mixing and socializing among young people inconceivable under apartheid, and this perhaps is no more apparent than in the formation of racially mixed public schools. In this article we draw on an interview study that seeks to investigate Grade 11 (16—17-year-old) young people and their lives and identities in different schools near Durban. We concentrate on interviews conducted with a group of middle-class white girls in a formerly white school and we examine whether and if so how they draw on whiteness when asked to reflect on themselves and their relations with others in and outside the school. While we begin with how these girls spoke about themselves and their relations with others in the school, we focus mainly in this article on these girls’ accounts of cross-racial heterosexual relations outside the school. In their accounts of schooling whiteness was constructed in opposition to versions of blackness associated with racial essentialism and intransigence. What was very striking was how positively they presented (heterosexual) desire when directed to boys of other races, associating this with free will and agency as against ‘constraints’ imposed by their parents, peers and culture. In these accounts their sense of whiteness seemed much less assured and taken for granted than in their accounts of their relations with black girls in school. Whereas, we argue, white girls drew on versions of whiteness (and blackness) in school that reinforced racial divisions and hierarchies, despite presenting themselves as non-racial, their interest in cross-racial heterosexual relations and expressions of cross-racial desire subverted racial essentialisms even if, in some cases, this was extremely limited.
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Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
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Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
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Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
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Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia - Deressa, Temesgen; Hassan, Rashid M.; Ringler, Claudia (The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010)
SUMMARY The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.
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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MOROCCAN ATLANTIS COASTS - Feddoul, Rhizlane; Snoussi, Maria (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2010)
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Students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the methods used to enhance discipline in public secondary schools in Nyahururu division, Laikipia west district, Kenya - Kaguamba, Grace N.; Muola, James Muthee (African Research Review, 2010)
Many methods are used to enhance discipline in secondary schools.Among them are corporal punishment, guidance and counselling, psychological punishment and suspension from school.The use of corporal punishment was banned by the government and teachers were expected to use alternative methods.The opinion of the students on this matter was not sought.The main purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of the effectiveness of the methods used to enhance discipline in public schools in Nyahururu division of Laikipia West District.The descriptive survey method was used.From a population of 2497 students, a sample of 333 was selected using the proportionate, stratified and simple random sampling methods.Data was collected using a self-administered student questionnaire developed by the researchers.Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.The results showed that students perceived guidance and counselling as more effective in enhancing discipline than other methods.The study also revealed that factors such as age, grade and type of school affected students' perception of the effectiveness of the various methods.From the study it was
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FUTURES FOR FISHERIES PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN WEST AFRICA: DEVELOPMENT OF SCENARIOS FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE - Katikiro, Robert E. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2010)
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CLIMATE AND BIOINVASIONS: DRIVERS OF LONG-TERM COMMUNITY CHANGE ALONG THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAST? - Mead, Angela; Griffiths, Charles L. (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2010)
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LEARNERS (GRADE 9 & 10) ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE OCEAN, THE ROLE OF THE OCEAN IN GLOBAL CHANGE AND THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON THE OCEAN IN SOUTH AFRICA - Pillay, Pavs; Jarre, Astrid; Ludiger, Rudy (HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2010)
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The notion of parental involvement and education in Burkina Faso - Pronk, A.A.M. (2010)
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Classroom Teacher’s Adherence to Philosophy and Ethics of Home Economics for Sustainable Development in Anambra State Nigeria - Ukpore, BA; Obunadike, Joy Chinwe (African Research Review, 2010)
This study analyzed and discussed the philosophy and goals of education, evaluating them on how classroom teachers adhere to the ethics of home economics for sustainable development in Anambra state, Nigeria.A descriptive survey design was used and the sample, randomly selected, was made up of two hundred ( 200) home economics teachers in public (government owned) secondary schools in Anambra state, through the random sampling method.A structured questionnaire used for data collection was analysed with mean ratings.Findings indicate that the teachers are aware of the philosophy and ethics in home economics and to some extent; they are applying them to maintain their professionalism.However, the adherence t o principles of clothing with regards to practical work in choosing clothes, sewing or mending them and how students are to use and care for clothing needs of the family is poor.It was recommended among others, that vocational education teacher, especially home economics Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infoteachers, should adopt an in-dept practical oriented training sessions in classrooms, to be able to pass to the future generation the traditions of home economics.
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The Influence of Child Abuse on the Academic Performance of Primary School Pupils in Primary Science in Cross River State, Nigeria - Umoren, Grace; Ukpepi, B.U.C; Ndifon, Rita A. (African Research Review, 2010)
The aim of this study was to find out the influence of child abuse on pupils academic performance in primary science.To carry out this study effectively two variables were identified for the study.These were used to formulate the research hypotheses.The design for the study was ex-post-facto.The area of study was Cross River State, Nigeria.The population of study consisted of all primary six pupils in Cross River State in the 2005/2006 school year.This was made up of 68,201 pupils from 994 primary schools in the State.The sampling procedure was stratified random sampling and the sample was 2,940 pupils selected from 49 schools.Two instruments were used: A Child Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.infoAbuse Questionnaire (CHAQ) and a primary science test to test pupils' academic performance.The independent t-test was used to analyze the data.The result revealed that children that were not abused perform better than their counterpart who where abused.Based on these findings some recommendations were made.
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A Brine Evolution Model and Mineralogy of Chemical Sediments in a Volcanic Crater, Lake Kitagata, Uganda - Ma, Lichun; Lowenstein, Tim K.; Russell, James M. (Aquatic Geochemistry, 2010)
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Incorporating climate change into water resources planning for the town of Polokwane, South Africa - Cullis, James; Strzepek, Ken; Tadross, Mark; Sami, K.; Havenga, Beyers; Gildenhuys, Burgert; Smith, Joel B. (Climatic Change, 2010)
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DRY LAND TRAINING: WATER SHORTAGES AND THE PEOPLE WHO FIGHT OVER THEM EXAMINING CONFLICT IN YEMEN - Watson, Sarah E. (2010)
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Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda - Downing, Thomas E.; Watkiss, Paul (2010)
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Liberal or Professional Education?: The Missions of Public Black Colleges and Universities and Their Impact on the Future of African Americans - Gasman, Marybeth; McMickens, Tryan L. (Souls (Boulder, Colo.), 2010)
The following article considers the missions of public Black colleges and universities, asking whether or not these missions are focused on liberal arts or professional education, or perhaps a hybrid of these foci. More importantly, we will explore the long term impact of these institutional missions on African Americans. Our discussion and examination will be contextualized using historic arguments put forth by African American leaders Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois. These arguments, although often simplified, are highly complex and can offer insight into the purpose of education at public Black colleges and universities in the current day.
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African Americans and Education: A Contested History - Malott, Curry Stephenson (Souls, 2010)
Abstract This essay traces the history of African resistance to Euro-subjugation in the United States. The author notes the important role of the Black church during slavery as central institution for the subversive work of liberation. However, the essay focuses primarily on the post civil-war era as it was this period when American capitalists began to construct an education for African Americans as a transition from chattel slavery to wage slavery. It is within this context that the critical traditions of Du Bois and others emerged offering a real challenge to America's racist domesticating education for capital. The piece concludes revisiting the role critical pedagogy can continue to play in carrying on the unfinished project of the Black church, Du Bois, and other African freedom fighters in America. Keywords: black churchcivil rightscivil warcritical pedagogyleadershipManning MarableMumia Abu JamalslaveryW. E. B. Du Bois Notes Mumia Abu-Jamal, Faith of Our Fathers: An Examination of the Spiritual Life of African and African American People (Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 2003); Joe L. Kincheloe, Critical Pedagogy Primer, 2nd ed. (New York: Peter Lang, 2008); Ahmed Shawki, Black Liberation and Socialism (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2006); William Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education: Ideology and Power in America, 1865–1954 (New York: Teachers College Press, 2001). Shawki, Black Liberation and Socialism, 54. Aaron David Gresson III, America's Atonement: Racial Pain, Recovery Rhetoric, and the Pedagogy of Healing (New York: Peter Lang, 2004), 13. Curry Stephenson Malott, Lisa Waukau, and Lauren Villagomez-Waukau, Teaching Native America Across the Curriculum: A Critical Inquiry (New York: Peter Lang, 2009). Alexander von Wuthenau, “Unexpected African Faces in Pre-Columbian America,” in African Presence in Early America, ed. Ivan Van Sertima (London: Transaction Publishers, 1992/2002), 82–83. Legrand Clegg II, “The First Americans,” African Presence in Early America, in ibid., 231. Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1987); Cheikh Anta Diop, The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1955 [1974]); Malott, Waukau, and Villagomez-Waukau, Teaching Native America Across the Curriculum. James Banks, Teaching Strategies for Ethnic Studies (New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2003), 187. Wayne B. Chandler, “Trait-Influences in Meso-America: The Africa-Asian Connection,” in Sertima, African Presence in Early America, 251. Malott, Waukau, and Villagomez-Waukau, Teaching Native America Across the Curriculum. Noam Chomsky, On Nature and Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). Von Wuthenau, “Unexpected African Faces in Pre-Columbian America,” 82–101. Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education, 14. Ibid., 46. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (New York: Penguin, 1989), 14. Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education, 12. Martha Menchaca, “Early Racist Discourses: The Roots of Deficit Thinking,” in The Evolution of Deficit Thinking: Educational Thought and Practice, ed. Richard Valencia (New York: Routledge, 1997), 36. Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education, 14. Ibid., 14–15. Menchaca, “Early Racist Discourses,” 37. Ibid. Joe L. Kincheloe, Critical Constructivism Primer (New York: Peter Lang, 2005); Menchaca, “Early Racist Discourses”; Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education. Eric C. Lincoln, Race, Religion, and the Continuing American Dilemma (New York: Hill and Wang, 1984), 64. Ibid., 63. James Cone, “Preface” to Abu-Jamal, Faith of Our Fathers, vii. Curry Stephenson Malott, A Call to Action: An Introduction to Education, Philosophy, and Native North America (New York: Peter Lang, 2008). Bernal, Black Athena; Diop, The African Origin of Civilization; Malott, Waukau, and Villagomez-Waukau, Teaching Native America Across the Curriculum. Kenneth O'Reilly, Black Americans: The FBI Files (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1994). Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 121–122. Abu-Jamal, Faith of Our Fathers, 53. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid., 51. Ibid. Gary Orfield, “Schools More Separate: A Decade of Resegregation,” in Rethinking School Reform: Views from the Classroom, ed. Linda Christiansen and Stan Karp (Milwaukee: Rethinking Schools, 2003), 155. Ibid.; Watkins, The White Architects of Black Education. Orfield, “Schools More Separate.”. Joe L. Kincheloe, Patrick Slattery, and Shirley Steinberg, Contextualizing Teaching: Introduction to Education and Educational Foundations (New York: Longman, 2000). Malott, Waukau, and Villagomez-Waukau, Teaching Native America Across the Curriculum. Ibid. Malott, A Call to Action. Alfie Kohn, “NCLB and the Effort to Privatize Public Education,” in Many Children Left Behind: How the No Child Left Behind Act Is Damaging Our Children and Our Schools, ed. Deborah Meier and George Wood (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004), 84. Ibid. Tondra L. Loder, “Dilemmas Confronting Urban Principals in the Post–Civil Rights Era,” in The Praeger Handbook of Urban Education: Volume 1, ed. Joe L. Kincheloe, kecia hayes, Karel Rose, and Philip M. Anderson (London: Greenwood Press, 2006), 70. Ibid. Ibid., 71. Ibid. Abu-Jamal, Faith of Our Fathers, 123–124. Winthrop Holder, Classroom Calypso: Giving Voice to the Voiceless (New York: Peter Lang, 2007). Joe L. Kincheloe, Critical Constructivism Primer (New York: Peter Lang, 2005), 127. Mumia Abu-Jamal, All Things Censored (New York: Seven Stories, 2000), 130. Ibid. Ibid., 131. Manning Marable, Speaking Truth to Power: Essays on Race and Resistance (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996), 101. Ibid. Pepi Leistyna, Defining and Designing Multiculturalism: One School System's Efforts (Albany: SUNY Press, 2007). Kincheloe, Critical Pedagogy Primer. Kincheloe, Critical Constructivism Primer, 3. Ibid. Ibid., 4. Ibid.
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Education and Democratisation in Kenya - Ombaka, Dickson (2010)
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FORGOTTEN EVALUATION S: EDUCATION AL POLICY IN TANZANIA FROM 1961 -1999 - Schmitz, Kristopher Peter (2010)
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Daylighting Strategy for Sustainable Schools: Case Study of Prototype Classrooms in Libya - Abdelatia, Belal; Marenne, Christian; Sémidor, Catherine (Journal of Sustainable Development, 2010)
Over the last few years, topics related to sustainable development and energy saving in Western countries led to several research projects aiming to promote the amount of natural daylight used in school buildings.The same issues arise now in Libya, especially those concerning the use of natural daylight.The promotion of natural daylight in the classrooms saves electrical energy and improves the working conditions for both teachers and students.The extreme solar heat in Libya has always been an imperative factor in relation to building heat.Especially during the period from June to August great care is given to avoid overheating while still preserving the use of natural daylight.The present research aims to propose and to test several architectural devices that can be integrated into educational building designs, allowing the penetration of natural daylight while respecting the traditional aestheticism and creating a comfortable school environment.
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Sensitivity of southern African maize yields to the definition of sowing dekad in a changing climate - Crespo, Olivier; Hachigonta, Sepo; Tadross, Mark (Climatic Change, 2010)
Most African countries struggle with food production and food security. These issues are expected to be even more severe in the face of climate change. Our study examines the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture with a view to propose adaptation options, especially in hard hit regions. We use a crop model to evaluate the impact of various sowing decisions on the water satisfaction index (WSI) and thus the yield of maize crop. The crop model is run for 176 stations over southern Africa, subject to climate scenarios downscaled from 6 GCMs. The sensitivity of these simulations is analysed so as to distinguish the contributions of sowing decisions to yield variation. We compare the WSI change between a 20 year control period (1979–1999) and a 20 year future period (2046–2065) over southern Africa. These results highlight areas that will likely be negatively affected by climate change over the study region. We then calculate the contribution of sowing decisions to yield variation, first for the control period, then for the future period. This contribution (sensitivity) allows us to distinguish the efficiency of adaptation decisions under both present and future climate. In most countries rainfall in the sowing dekad is shown to contribute more significantly to the yield variation and appears as a long term efficient decision to adapt. We discuss these results and additional perspectives in order to propose local adaptation directions.
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Absence from Work: A Study of Teacher Absenteeism in Selected Public Primary Schools in Uyo, Nigeria - Ejere, Emmanuel Iriemi (International journal of business and management, 2010)
Based on a field study of two hundred primary school teachers in the Nigerian City of Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, the relationships between absenteeism and job satisfaction, meaningfulness of work, and job stress respectively were explored.The research results showed that significant relationships exist between the dependent variable (absenteeism) and the respective independent variables (job satisfaction, meaningfulness of work and job stress).The study therefore concludes that job satisfactions, meaningfulness of work and job stress are major determinants of teacher absenteeism in Nigerian public primary schools.Some strategies to reduce teacher absenteeism were then suggested.
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Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune, Benue State, Nigeria - Goon, Daniel Ter; Toriola, A.L.; Uever, Jonathan; Wuam, S; Toriola, Olutoyin M (BMC Pediatrics, 2010)
Abstract Background Menarcheal age is a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions during childhood. The aim of study is to determine the age at menarche and growth status in adolescents in a rural area of Tarka, Wannune, Nigeria. Methods Data on 722 female students (aged 12-18 years) were collected in February 2009. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI; kg m -2 ) was used as an index of relative weight. Results Mean and median menarcheal age calculated by probit analysis were 13.02 (SD 3.0) (95% CI: 13.02-13.07), and age 13.00 (SD 2.8) (95% CI: 12.98-13.04), respectively. Girls who reach menarche are significantly heavier and taller with higher BMIs than those of their pre-menarcheal peers. Conclusion The age of menarche is probably still declining in Nigeria. Although BMI is an important factor in the onset of menstruation, some other unmeasured environmental variables may be implicated in this population.
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Effect of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution on the nutritional value of ripe guava (Psidium guajava) fruits grown in Imo State, Nigeria - Nwaogu, L. A.; Ujowundu, C. O. (International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2010)
The effect of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution on the nutritional value of two varieties of ripe edible guava (Psidium guajava) fruits harvested from a petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted locality, Umudike, in Egbema were investigated.The results obtained were compared to identical guava fruits from an unpolluted area of Uvuru in Aboh Mbaise which served as control.There was no significant difference (P≥0.05)observed in the proximate compositions from the two guava fruit varieties and from the two localities respectively.The proximate compositions include ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fibre, fats and moisture content.Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution did not affect significantly the mean values of mineral elements in the guava fruits from the two localities.The mineral elements were calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, potassium and sodium.The glucose concentrations in Psidium guajava fruit samples from both environments were essentially similar.However, the mean value concentrations in mg/100g and iu/100g for ascorbic acid and βcarotene respectively from Umudike in Egbema were lower 173.28 + 0.77 for red variety and 164.75 + 0.89 for white compared to those from Uvuru Mbaise which gave 189.20 + 1.23 for red and 180.29 + 1.18 for white variety respectively.The β-carotene concentrations of 204.60 + 7.92 for red and 173.47 + 8.80 for white compared to those from Mbaise which gave 249.60 + 13.19 and 228.54 + 23.57 for red and white varieties respectively.The results revealed that ascorbic acid and β-carotene proved responsive to pollution due to petroleum hydrocarbon found in Egbeme.The biochemical implications of these findings were discussed.
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Histopathological study of soft tissue malignancies in a teaching hospital, Sagamu, South-West Nigeria. - Abudu, Emmanuel Kunle; Akinde, Olakanmi Ralph; Oyebadejo, T.O; Efunshile, A.M; Musa, Osman; Banjo, Adekunbiola Aina (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
Soft tissue malignancies constituted a heterogeneous group of rare solid tumors of mesenchymal cell origin with distinct clinical and pathological features.To review all the histologically confirmed soft tissue malignancies, with their age, sex distribution, and histological characteristics in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria.A review of all the medical and pathological records and slides of histopathologically diagnosed soft tissue malignancy cases seen between January 2003 and December 2006. Routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as histochemical studies were carried out.It constituted 1.84% of a total number of malignancies (1250 cases) diagnosed with a male to female ratio of 1.9:1 and 18(72.3%) cases occurring in the patients above 20 years. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most preponderant soft tissue malignancy, constituting 13 (59.1%) cases with the embryonal type predominating (53.8%). Most cases of soft tissue malignancies were seen in the trunk as well in the lower limbs; constituting 63.0%. However, most cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in this study were seen in the lower limbs in 76.9%.Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue malignancy in Sagamu especially the embryonal variant which is seen predominantly in childhood and adolescence.
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Towards an understanding of the role of language in the science classroom and its association with cultural identity development in the context of Mozambique - Cupane, A. (Cultural Studies of Science Education, 2010)
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The Nurturant Fathering Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis With an African American Sample of College Students - Doyle, Otima; Pecukonis, Edward; Harrington, Donna (Research on Social Work Practice, 2010)
Objective: The objective of this study was to test the factor structure of the Nurturant Fathering Scale (NFS) among an African American sample in the mid-Atlantic region that have neither Caribbean heritage nor immigration experiences but who do have diverse family structures (N = 212). Method: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in order to evaluate the factor structure of the NFS. Results: A final, 8-item model, with two error covariances yielded the best fit of the NFS in the current sample. These findings suggest that, with some modification, the NFS is a very promising, short measure of perceived father nurturance that is applicable to African American youth from various family structures and who have varying amounts of interaction with their fathers while growing up.
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Attitudes of final year medical students towards the primart health care programme at the University of Lagos, Nigeria - Ebuehi, O M; Ayankogbe, OO (Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2010)
In Nigeria, Primary Health Care (PHC) forms the basis for an official health policy aimed at meeting the health care needs of the entire population particularly those in rural areas. Despite the acknowledgement and adoption of the Alma-Ata declaration by most countries, as a strategy for achieving health for all, medical educational systems often remain as ivory towers from the health service system. This traditional system of medical education does not adequately prepare doctors in developing countries for their expected leadership role in meeting the health needs for their communities through primary health care.This study aimed at investigating the attitudes of final year medical students towards the PHC programme of the Institute of Child Health and Primary Care of the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria, with a view to provide a platform for on going medical education restructuring.The study was a cross-sectional survey . All the two hundred and four final year (600 Level) Medical students (2005/2006 session) of the College were surveyed by means of self-administered questionnaires on PHC programme relevance, structure, timing, quality of instructions received, observed shortcomings and suggestions on ways to improve programme implementation.The results showed that, majority (84%) of the medical students admitted that the programme was relevant to their training; in line with their expected leadership role in meeting the health needs of their communities through primary health care; they however indicated that the programme had some areas that were not relevant to this objective. The majority (82.7%) of respondents also indicated that terminating their medical education with the the programme in the final year was inappropriate because they felt that, the final year should be spent acquiring clinical skills. They suggested that it should be taught either before the clinical years, or be incorporated into the clinical years. About two thirds (64%) of the respondents opined that the programme should not be scrapped but that, through better re-structuring and funding, it could be better implemented to achieve desired objectives.Medical students complete their undergraduate years with a positive attitude towards PHC but recommended that the implementation of the programme needed to be reviewed to meet the objectives for which it was included in the training curriculum.
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When Sociopolitical Events Strike Cultural Beliefs: Divergent Impact of Hurricane Katrina on African Americans' and European Americans' Endorsement of the Protestant Work Ethic - Levy, Sheri R.; Freitas, Antonio L.; Mendoza‐Denton, Rodolfo; Kugelmass, Heather; Rosenthal, Lisa (Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2010)
Can a single, powerful sociopolitical event (government's response to Hurricane Katrina) produce changes in prevalent cultural beliefs such as the Protestant work ethic (PWE)? In a cross-sectional study conducted before, immediately after, and 5 months after Katrina (Study 1: Part a), in a longitudinal study tracking participants immediately after Katrina and 3 months later (Study 1: Part b), and in an experiment that primed thoughts about Katrina (Study 2), thinking about Katrina reduced African Americans' (but not European Americans') endorsement of the PWE. Preliminary evidence suggested that the shift in African Americans' endorsement of the PWE was due to lower trust in the government.
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Does Cry1Ac Bt-toxin impair development of worker larvae of Africanized honey bee? - Lima, Maria Augusta Pereira; Pires, C. S. S.; Guedes, Raul Narciso C.; Nakasu, Erich Yukio Tempel; Lara, Monsiváis; Fontes, E. M. G.; Sujii, E. R.; Dias, Simoni Campos; Campos, L. A. O. (Journal of Applied Entomology, 2010)
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is a widespread pollinator species. The present study aimed to test if Africanized honey bee larvae are negatively affected by the ingestion of diet contaminated with the Bacillus thunringiensis toxin Cry1Ac, which is expressed in GM cotton plants. The toxin activity was confirmed in bioassays with the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), a soybean pest species susceptible to Cry1Ac. The honey bee larvae were subjected to ingestion of either pure larval diet (control), diluted larval diet (diluted control) or larval diet diluted in a Cry1Ac solution at a concentration compatible with the maximum possible field exposure. Although diluted diet slightly increased larval mortality, Cry1Ac ingestion did not affect survival, developmental time, and neither adult body mass nor size, indicating that GM plants are unlikely to significantly impair the development of honey bee larvae. The larval-rearing system reported here was suitable to assess the lethal and sub-lethal effects of GM expressed toxins against honey bee larvae.
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ICT use in the teaching of mathematics: Implications for professional development of pre-service teachers in Ghana - Agyei, Douglas Darko; Voogt, Joke (Education and information technologies, 2010)
Included in the contemporary mathematics curricula in Ghana is the expectation that mathematics teachers will integrate technology in their teaching. However, importance has not been placed on preparing teachers to use ICT in their instruction. This paper reports on a study conducted to explore the feasibility of ICT use in mathematics teaching at senior high school levels in Ghana. Interviews and survey data were used for data collection. Preliminary results showed that mathematics teachers in Ghana do not integrate ICT in their mathematics instruction. Among the major perceived barriers identified were: Lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT in lesson and Lack of training opportunities for ICT integration knowledge acquisition. To overcome some of these barriers, opportunities of a professional development arrangement for pre-service mathematics teachers were explored. Findings from the study revealed specific features of a professional development scenario that matters for ICT integration in mathematics teaching in the context of Ghana.
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How does job‐training increase firm performance? The case of Morocco - Dumas, Audrey; Hanchane, Saïd (International Journal of Manpower, 2010)
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of job‐training programs, initiated by the Moroccan government and called “special training contracts”, on the performance of Moroccan firms. Design/methodology/approach Two databases (MICT, OFPPT) of Moroccan firms were considered. Matched databases were completed using a questionnaire survey. Panel data with 322 firms from 2001 to 2003 were obtained. Findings The paper highlights that “special training contracts” is an efficient measure of public policy. Indeed, job‐training programs increase the competitiveness and performance of Moroccan firms. Additionally, it was shown that firms have different perceptions of the role of public policy. It was emphasised that training effects are higher when training is considered as part of a human resources development strategy. On the contrary, when firms view public policy as just a financing opportunity, they do not get any returns from training. Practical implications A better understanding of the role of STC may increase training efficiency. Originality/value The case of an emerging country, Morocco, was studied. The conclusion of the analysis could provide solutions linking human resources management to issues of growth and long‐term development.
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School support networks in Burkina Faso as characterized by cultural values and changing family systems - Koeman, A.E.C. (2010)
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Religion, Education and Child Immunization in Ethiopia - Lerebo, Wondwossen (2010)
This book examines the relationship between immunization status of children and religion before and after controlling for other factors such as maternal education in Ethiopia, a country characterized by highest mortality and morbidity rates in the world. Using data from the nationally representative 2000 Demographic and Health Survey, the bivariate results indicated that there are substantial differences in child immunization by maternal religion. More children born to traditional mothers are significantly less likely to receive full immunization coverage than children born to mothers professing Orthodox religion and other religions. The social mechanism that explains this huge disparity is that traditional mothers may be attributable to the traditional spiritual explanation of events, including diseases, and do not believe in the prevention of child-killer diseases. Further, significant variation in receiving complete immunization is observed with mother's level of education, and place of residence (rural/urban)..
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Cultural Aesthetics and Teacher Improvisation: An Epistemology of Providing Culturally Responsive Service by African American Professors - Mitchell, Roland W. (Urban Education, 2010)
This research documents and analyzes the nature and content of the knowledge that enables professors to foster learning for Black students. Specifically, it suggests that knowledge of the discourses of a students’ community of origin, discourses often based on collective experience, are a valuable resource to professors in their efforts to promote educational equity. Data were drawn from interviews, observations, focus groups, and follow-up interviews with professors who have shown a particular interest in serving Black students for this study. The resulting conception of teacher knowledge has specific implications for teacher education practice and policy concerning targeted hiring practices, professional development for all teachers, and higher education policy makers in general.
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CERN welcomes its first doctoral students from Morocco - Pedroso, Laëtitia (CERN Bulletin, 2010)
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The Last Travels of Ida Pfeiffer: Inclusive of a Visit to Madagascar With An Autobiographical Memoir of the author - Pfeiffer, Ida (2010)
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AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENTREPRENEURS: INTEGRATION, EDUCATION, AND EXCLUSION - Wade, Cheryl L. (Western New England law review, 2010)
In this Article, I describe some of the subtle, obscure, and hid den challenges that African-American entrepreneurs face by pro viding the narratives of three African-American businesspeople. Two of the narratives are about African Americans who started businesses in the first half of the twentieth century. Theirs is a suc cess story. Their businesses thrived. Yet, for a variety of reasons, the success these two entrepreneurs enjoyed would be unlikely to day, even with the legislation and policy initiatives enacted in the latter half of the twentieth century and aimed at providing access to opportunities for people of color. The third narrative is about a twenty-first-century businesswoman, Ernesta Procope, an AfricanAmerican woman who has headed Wall Street’s largest minorityowned firm for decades. Her story is also a success story, but it is a story about success achieved in spite of subtle and perhaps uncon scious decision making that impedes the entrepreneurial achieve ment of twenty-first-century African Americans. This twenty-first century narrative reveals the intractability of the problem of lack of access to opportunity for black entrepreneurs. In the twenty-first century, black entrepreneurs encounter more difficulties in establishing businesses and obtaining credit than their white counterparts.1 African-American entrepreneurs fre quently pay higher interest rates than similarly situated white busi
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Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity under rainfed conditions in Cameroon—A method to improve attainable crop yields by planting date adaptations - Laux, Patrick; Jäckel, Greta; Tingem, Richard Munang; Kunstmann, Harald (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010)
Rainfed farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa are suffering from low productivity. Prolonged dry spells and droughts often lead to significant crop losses, a situation that is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. In this study, the impact of climate change on attainable yields of maize and groundnut, as major alimentary crops in sub-Saharan Africa, is evaluated at five stations in Cameroon under rainfed conditions. It is focussed on the contribution of future climate change in terms of the direct fertilisation effect of the expected CO2 alteration and the indirect effects of the expected temperature and precipitation change. As improved agricultural management practices in rainfed systems are crucial to increase agricultural productivity, the impact of the planting date is analysed in detail. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm is developed to estimate the agriculturally relevant onset of the rainy season (ORS) and, thus, the optimal planting date. This algorithm is then connected to the physically based crop model CropSyst, hereinafter referred to as optimal planting date following crop modelling system. A Monte Carlo approach is used to optimise the ORS algorithm in terms of maximising the mean annual crop yields (1979–2003). The optimal planting date following crop modelling system is applied to past and future periods, mainly for two reasons: (i) to derive optimal fuzzy rules and increase mean attainable crop yields; and (ii) to reliably estimate the impact of climate change to crop productivity with (‘optimal planting date scenario’) and without planting date adaptations (‘traditional planting date scenario’). It is shown that the fuzzy rules derived for assessing the optimal planting dates may allow for significantly increased crop yields compared to the existing planting rules in Cameroon under current climatic conditions, especially for the drier northern regions. A change in the climatic conditions due to global warming will reduce the growing cycle and, thus, the crop yields. However, the positive effect of CO2 fertilisation is likely to outweigh the negative effects of precipitation and temperature change for the 2020s and partly for the 2080s. When additionally considering planting date adaptations, groundnut yield is expected to increase for the 2020s and the 2080s, with maximum yield surpluses of about 30% for the 2020s compared to the extended baseline period. For maize, crop yield is likely to increase (decrease) for the 2020s (2080s) by approximately 15%. For the driest stations analysed, the negative impacts of temperature and precipitation change could be mitigated significantly by planting date adaptations.
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Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity under rainfed conditions in Cameroon—A method to improve attainable crop yields by planting date adaptations - Laux, Patrick; Jäckel, Greta; Tingem, Richard Munang; Kunstmann, Harald (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010)
Rainfed farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa are suffering from low productivity. Prolonged dry spells and droughts often lead to significant crop losses, a situation that is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. In this study, the impact of climate change on attainable yields of maize and groundnut, as major alimentary crops in sub-Saharan Africa, is evaluated at five stations in Cameroon under rainfed conditions. It is focussed on the contribution of future climate change in terms of the direct fertilisation effect of the expected CO2 alteration and the indirect effects of the expected temperature and precipitation change. As improved agricultural management practices in rainfed systems are crucial to increase agricultural productivity, the impact of the planting date is analysed in detail. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm is developed to estimate the agriculturally relevant onset of the rainy season (ORS) and, thus, the optimal planting date. This algorithm is then connected to the physically based crop model CropSyst, hereinafter referred to as optimal planting date following crop modelling system. A Monte Carlo approach is used to optimise the ORS algorithm in terms of maximising the mean annual crop yields (1979–2003). The optimal planting date following crop modelling system is applied to past and future periods, mainly for two reasons: (i) to derive optimal fuzzy rules and increase mean attainable crop yields; and (ii) to reliably estimate the impact of climate change to crop productivity with (‘optimal planting date scenario’) and without planting date adaptations (‘traditional planting date scenario’). It is shown that the fuzzy rules derived for assessing the optimal planting dates may allow for significantly increased crop yields compared to the existing planting rules in Cameroon under current climatic conditions, especially for the drier northern regions. A change in the climatic conditions due to global warming will reduce the growing cycle and, thus, the crop yields. However, the positive effect of CO2 fertilisation is likely to outweigh the negative effects of precipitation and temperature change for the 2020s and partly for the 2080s. When additionally considering planting date adaptations, groundnut yield is expected to increase for the 2020s and the 2080s, with maximum yield surpluses of about 30% for the 2020s compared to the extended baseline period. For maize, crop yield is likely to increase (decrease) for the 2020s (2080s) by approximately 15%. For the driest stations analysed, the negative impacts of temperature and precipitation change could be mitigated significantly by planting date adaptations.
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Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity under rainfed conditions in Cameroon—A method to improve attainable crop yields by planting date adaptations - Laux, Patrick; Jäckel, Greta; Tingem, Richard Munang; Kunstmann, Harald (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010)
Rainfed farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa are suffering from low productivity. Prolonged dry spells and droughts often lead to significant crop losses, a situation that is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. In this study, the impact of climate change on attainable yields of maize and groundnut, as major alimentary crops in sub-Saharan Africa, is evaluated at five stations in Cameroon under rainfed conditions. It is focussed on the contribution of future climate change in terms of the direct fertilisation effect of the expected CO2 alteration and the indirect effects of the expected temperature and precipitation change. As improved agricultural management practices in rainfed systems are crucial to increase agricultural productivity, the impact of the planting date is analysed in detail. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm is developed to estimate the agriculturally relevant onset of the rainy season (ORS) and, thus, the optimal planting date. This algorithm is then connected to the physically based crop model CropSyst, hereinafter referred to as optimal planting date following crop modelling system. A Monte Carlo approach is used to optimise the ORS algorithm in terms of maximising the mean annual crop yields (1979–2003). The optimal planting date following crop modelling system is applied to past and future periods, mainly for two reasons: (i) to derive optimal fuzzy rules and increase mean attainable crop yields; and (ii) to reliably estimate the impact of climate change to crop productivity with (‘optimal planting date scenario’) and without planting date adaptations (‘traditional planting date scenario’). It is shown that the fuzzy rules derived for assessing the optimal planting dates may allow for significantly increased crop yields compared to the existing planting rules in Cameroon under current climatic conditions, especially for the drier northern regions. A change in the climatic conditions due to global warming will reduce the growing cycle and, thus, the crop yields. However, the positive effect of CO2 fertilisation is likely to outweigh the negative effects of precipitation and temperature change for the 2020s and partly for the 2080s. When additionally considering planting date adaptations, groundnut yield is expected to increase for the 2020s and the 2080s, with maximum yield surpluses of about 30% for the 2020s compared to the extended baseline period. For maize, crop yield is likely to increase (decrease) for the 2020s (2080s) by approximately 15%. For the driest stations analysed, the negative impacts of temperature and precipitation change could be mitigated significantly by planting date adaptations.
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity under rainfed conditions in Cameroon—A method to improve attainable crop yields by planting date adaptations - Laux, Patrick; Jäckel, Greta; Tingem, Richard Munang; Kunstmann, Harald (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010)
Rainfed farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa are suffering from low productivity. Prolonged dry spells and droughts often lead to significant crop losses, a situation that is expected to be exacerbated by climate change. In this study, the impact of climate change on attainable yields of maize and groundnut, as major alimentary crops in sub-Saharan Africa, is evaluated at five stations in Cameroon under rainfed conditions. It is focussed on the contribution of future climate change in terms of the direct fertilisation effect of the expected CO2 alteration and the indirect effects of the expected temperature and precipitation change. As improved agricultural management practices in rainfed systems are crucial to increase agricultural productivity, the impact of the planting date is analysed in detail. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm is developed to estimate the agriculturally relevant onset of the rainy season (ORS) and, thus, the optimal planting date. This algorithm is then connected to the physically based crop model CropSyst, hereinafter referred to as optimal planting date following crop modelling system. A Monte Carlo approach is used to optimise the ORS algorithm in terms of maximising the mean annual crop yields (1979–2003). The optimal planting date following crop modelling system is applied to past and future periods, mainly for two reasons: (i) to derive optimal fuzzy rules and increase mean attainable crop yields; and (ii) to reliably estimate the impact of climate change to crop productivity with (‘optimal planting date scenario’) and without planting date adaptations (‘traditional planting date scenario’). It is shown that the fuzzy rules derived for assessing the optimal planting dates may allow for significantly increased crop yields compared to the existing planting rules in Cameroon under current climatic conditions, especially for the drier northern regions. A change in the climatic conditions due to global warming will reduce the growing cycle and, thus, the crop yields. However, the positive effect of CO2 fertilisation is likely to outweigh the negative effects of precipitation and temperature change for the 2020s and partly for the 2080s. When additionally considering planting date adaptations, groundnut yield is expected to increase for the 2020s and the 2080s, with maximum yield surpluses of about 30% for the 2020s compared to the extended baseline period. For maize, crop yield is likely to increase (decrease) for the 2020s (2080s) by approximately 15%. For the driest stations analysed, the negative impacts of temperature and precipitation change could be mitigated significantly by planting date adaptations.
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Impact of the Knowledge and Beliefs of Egyptian Science Teachers in Integrating a STS based Curriculum: A Sociocultural Perspective - Mansour, Nasser (Journal of Science Teacher Education, 2010)
The failure of much curriculum innovation has been attributed to the neglect by innovators of teachers’ perceptions. The purpose of this study was to investigate inservice science teachers views of integrating Science, Technology and Society (STS) issues into the science curriculum and identify the factors that influence their decisions concerning integrating STS issues (or not). The study used mixed methods (questionnaire and interviews) with Egyptian science teachers who teach science courses for 12- to 14-year-old students. The findings indicate that unless curriculum developers take account of teachers’ beliefs and knowledge and the sociocultural factors that shape or influence those beliefs in designing and planning new STS curriculum materials, these materials are unlikely to be implemented according to their intended plan.
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Education and Risky Sex in Africa: Linking Women’s Education and Reproductive Health Behaviors in Kenya - Greif, Meredith J.; Adamczyk, Amy L. (2010)
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Literacy, education and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in The Gambia - Hegazi, Aseel; Rl, Bailey; Ahadzie, Bankole; Alabi, Abraham; Peterson, Kevin L. (AIDS Care, 2010)
Abstract We examined the relationship of patients’ literacy and education to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in an urban treatment centre in The Gambia. Information on education and literacy systematically collected before ART initiation was compared against selected adherence outcomes. Formally educated patients were significantly more likely to achieve virological suppression at both six and 12 months (87% vs. 67%, OR=3.13, P=0.03; 88% vs. 63%, OR=4.49, P=0.007, respectively). Literate patients had similar benefit at 12 months (OR=3.39 P=0.03), with improved virological outcomes associated with degree of literacy (P=0.003). A trend towards similar results was seen at 6 months for Koranically educated patients; however, this was no longer apparent at 12 months. No significant correlation was seen between socio-demographic characteristics and missed appointments. Our study suggests that literacy, formal education and possibly Koranic education may impact favourably on adherence to ART.
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