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Summary. Four hundred and forty‐six children attending nursery schools in Nairobi were examined for caries and gingivitis. Assessment of social class was based on the occupation of the head of the child's household. Amongst 3‐year‐old children, 62% were caries‐free and the mean dmft was 1.35. Amongst 5‐year‐olds 50% were caries‐free and the mean dmft was 1.88. Thirty‐seven per cent of the children had evidence of gingivitis, with the proportion changing little with age. There was no evidence...
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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was determined in 479 urbanised South African blacks (141 men and 338 women) of Zulu descent selected by cluster sampling in a suburb of Durban. All subjects underwent a modified glucose tolerance test whereby fasting and 2-hour post-glucose (75 g) plasma glucose levels were measured. On the basis of the revised World Health Organisation criteria, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 4.2% and of IGT 6.9%; the age- and...
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Religious Education in Botswana is in many ways still tied to missionary ideals of a century ago. Two recent studies by Batswana examine some of the limitations of existing school materials, showing that the subject must recognise African culture and become truly educational in character. (Note: ‘Botswana’ = the country, ‘Batswana’ = the people (plural) of Botswana, ‘Motswana’ = a citizen (singular) of Botswana.)
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Abstract Vehicle emissions where Pb containing gasoline is used contributes to toxic metal urban air pollution and is still a matter of concern. An assessment of the extent of roadside Pb pollution in Harare (Zimbabwe) was undertaken. Pb was measured in soil and vegetation roadside samples. For busy roads Pb levels in soil and vegetation indicated a significant level of Pb pollution in the environment nearby the road. The Pb levels at the kerb of busy roads (Simon Mazorodze Road) were 1480...
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Suswa volcano, located at 1°10′S, 36°20′E, is Quaternary in age ( Following caldera I collapse, phonolite lava flows were erupted from the caldera floor. Centrally-erupted phonolite lava flows led to the construction of Ol Doinyo Onyoke lava cone. A pit-crater on the cone was a precursor to the collapse of caldera II, both of which were generated entirely by magma withdrawal. Regional decompression caused ring-fault bounded, block-resurgence of the caldera floor
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical education in the new South Africa: General chemistry, the "lost" generation, and implications for curriculum reform in the United StatesGerhard F. Swiegers , Nico Rheeder , and Edward J. Neth Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 9, 727Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1993Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p727Request reuse...
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An investigation on the periodontal disease profile and its treatment implications was conducted on a sample of 12-year-old Swazi schoolchildren of the Kingdom of Swaziland using the CPITN index. Only 1.9 per cent of the pupils in the sample were free of periodontal disease and 64.5 per cent had calculus. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the frequency of calculus accumulation between rural and urban pupils. The mean number of sextants with bleeding and calculus was 4.9 and...
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The Occlusal Index of Summers (1966) was used to determine the prevalence of occlusal disorders, various features of malocclusion and to estimate the orthodontic treatment needs of 12-year-old Swazi school children in the Kingdom of Swaziland. The results indicate that the current occlusal status of Swazi school children should be maintained and if possible, improved and that the delivery of highly specialised orthodontic treatment procedures is not required.
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Abstract : On October 12, 1992, a moderate earthquake occurred near Dahshur, Egypt, about 20 km south of Cairo. The intensity of ground shaking at historic districts of Cairo was VI to VII using the Modified Mercalli scale and 212 of 560 monuments in Cairo were reportedly damaged although none destroyed. Damage to historic monuments can be generally described as having resulted from the continuous degradation of foundation and structural masonry from environmental effects, especially...
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AIDS causes disabling symptoms during its chronic and terminal phases. Families throughout the world, whether related to the patient by blood or affection, provide most of the personal care for him or her at home during these phases. Whether the family has access to advanced medical care or not, they can be taught simple comfort measures and nursing care skills that will improve the well-being of the patient. In Rwanda, a small country in east-central Africa, Red Cross volunteers were...
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Reply to Lester's comments on the varied, i.e., not universal, factor structures for groups of Filipino and Egyptian women rests on both an ontic or experiential level and an ontological level.
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Malawi has a pyramidal health care structure, featuring at its broad base health centres and outreach stations in villages and rural areas; at the middle the district hospitals which receive cases from the villages and outreach health stations, and at its narrow apex the few central hospitals one of which is located in each of the three regions as a referral centre. Primary health care is practised at the health centres mostly by paramedical workers. The district hospitals are manned by...
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There is some debate as to the extent to which Schistosoma haematobium haematuria may be the cause of anaemia. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of a single 40 mg kg-1 dose of praziquantel on anaemia. Since praziquantel does not reduce the hookworm intensity of infection (a major cause of anaemia in children in the area) changes in the prevalence of anaemia in the study population should be due only to the elimination of S. haematobium. Seven hundred and seventy-one primary schoolboys from...