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The role of education has progressively been recognised in the international development lexicon not only because of its pivotal role in improving the well- being of households and individuals but also the positive externalities that it generates for society as a whole. There is overwhelming and convincing empirical evidence that consistently indicates the positive impact of education on improving the well-being and reducing poverty and vulnerability of the poor households in the rural and...
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This report presents findings from a survey of 182 primary (grades 1-7) and basic (grades 1-9) schools carried out in Zambia in 2002. It describes and analyzes resource flows to these schools from three sources: rule-based funding from the center, discretionary funding from district and provincial education offices, and household spending on education. Rule-based funds reached schools exactly as earmarked. The rule-based component of funding was highly progressive, as the same amount was...
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Public health is a complex domain that covers a vast array of disciplines. Specialization in public health therefore requires a combination of various skills in equally complex fields. The public health training institutions in Africa are thus still unable to meet the huge need for adequate training in this domain. Counting solely on sending Africans to developed countries would neither quantitatively nor qualitatively fulfill the continent's enormous public health needs, either. To meet...
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This operations research project evaluated the effect and impact of a basic education program, developed by TOSTAN, a nongovernmental organization based at Thiès, Senegal. The basic education program consisted of four modules: hygiene, problem-solving, women’s health, and human rights. Through these four themes, emphasis was placed on enabling the participants, who were mostly women, to analyze their own situation more effectively and thus find the best solutions for themselves. The GTZ...
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This study of pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a school in Niamey, Nigeria was carried out to confirm the feasibility of evaluating the impact of conjugate vaccine on the meningococcal carriage. All 90 pupils attending the school were examined during the dry season in February 1998. All children had been vaccinated using polysaccharide A/C in 1996. Samples were collected from the soft palate and immediately seeded on selective medium. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 24...
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A descriptive survey type of research was conducted to determine level of competence and training needs in statistical procedures of university academic staff in Botswana and Swaziland. Findings showed that staff were competent in the use of basic statistical procedures, and that, they were in need of training in intermediate and advanced statistical procedures. The cumulative variance in competence level in statistical procedures was explained by six characteristics, namely: number of...
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A health crisis is facing sub-Saharan Africa. The population has increased markedly. In recent decades, communicable diseases and ‘new’ noncommunicable disease epidemics have intensified. HIV/AIDS is perhaps the biggest health challenge. However, the supply of health workers remains low and has been worsened by their migration to developed countries. This paper reviews health professionals’ ‘brain drain’ using data from Ghana and other African countries, with proxy data supplying some...