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Degradation in arid and semi-arid regions can be ascribed primarily to environmental conditions such as extreme changes in temperature and erratic rainfall patterns. Seed germination and seedling growth of three grass species (Anthephora pubescens, Heteropogon contortus and Themeda triandra) indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions of southern Africa were assessed under controlled conditions that simulated drought stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Exposure to water potentials...

The voices of African American students reveal sociocultural factors that influence their achievement in science and mathematics classes. Using a sociocultural theoretical framework ( Mercer & Covey, 1980 ), this ethnographic study interpreted the perspectives of five African American students as they discussed their learning experiences in science and mathematics classrooms. This framework acknowledges the vulnerability of the educational system to societal influences that inevitably...

The metabolic effects of exercise training are wide spread. Animals models are useful in identifying the underlying mechanisms, but may be flawed because exercise training is often forced causing elevations in stress hormones that promote insulin resistance. The Syrian golden hamster has been used for studies of insulin resistance and diabetes and this animal is known to voluntarily exercise at high volumes. PURPOSE: To explore the metabolic effects of short term voluntary training in both...

Do public sector workers earn a wage premium in Djibouti and are the returns to education different across the sectors? The authors estimate private and public sector wage earnings using 1996 household survey data, while controlling for selectivity using Heckman's two stage approach. They find that Djiboutian public sector employees earn a wage premium, independent of their personal attributes and human capital endowments, and are more likely to be males and have parents in the public...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the type of learning that takes place if members of an under‐resourced community are exposed to a free‐to‐use computer that is connected to the internet. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative application of an instrument that was developed to evaluate the information resource for the extent to which it facilitates both objectivist and constructivist learning. Video recordings of the interactions of people at the information kiosk were viewed...

Research on the intersection of racial and gender identities is important in understanding the processes of school engagement. This article focuses on how African‐American male adolescents move in and out of schooling and make sense of those experiences. By examining how they construct meanings of masculinity a textured and complex trajectory of schooling is captured. Using qualitative data from a group of African‐American male high‐school dropouts who participated in a national alternative...

This resettlement policy framework for the Senegal Second Quality Education for All Project presents principles and objectives governing the preparation and execution of resettlement, and explains current land management, resettlement planning, and resettlement implementation. The project will aim to minimize resettlement where possible, and grant compensation rights to the displaced population where necessary. Negotiation and dialogue will be the rule employed. All local communities...

This environmental and social management framework for the Senegal Second Quality Education for All Project describes the selection process allowing for identifying, evaluating, and mitigating potential and social impacts connected to project activities. Adverse environmental impacts include felling trees to release space for new buildings and generating building site waste during the construction phase; the rising of dust and exhaust fumes due to earthmovers, and the destruction of burrows...

AbstractThe Training and Visit (T&V) extension has been criticized for being top-down, top-heavy, inefficient and ineffective. The purpose of this study therefore was to assess the effectiveness of the T & V extension in Barkin-Ladi Local Government Council (LGC), Plateau State in Central Nigeria. Four specific objectives guided the study. A total of 60,000 farmers who had been in active production between 1986 and 1995 in the LGC constituted the population for the study. A three percent...

Previous studies of elite Kenyan endurance runners (Onywera et al. Int J Sport Nutr ExercMetab 14: 709–719, 2004; Fudge et al. Br J Nutr: In Press) reported low daily fluid intake, mainly water (mean ± SD) (1.1± 0.3;0.9± 0.5 L-d−1, respectively) and tea (1.2 ± 0.3; 0.9 ± 0.3 L-d−1, respectively). Those athletes did not consume liquids before or during training and infrequently consumed modest amounts of liquids after training, an intake that is substantially less than the current ACSM...

A group of 34 children from mainstream schools in Libya representing four Local Education Authorities (LEAs) were interviewed about their emotional and behavioural diffiulties (EBD) and the factors which might be responsible for their EBD. Although, in general, children's views of EBD did not yield remarkably different accounts to those already reported in the literature, they highlighted an alternative perspective into the dominant aetiology of children's EBD. In fact, children's accounts...

A bstract Background: To estimate the magnitude and causes of blindness and vision impairment in Papua New Guinea for service delivery planning and ophthalmic education development. Methods: Using the World Health Organization standardized Rapid Assessment of Cataract Surgical Services protocol, a population‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2005. By systematic, two‐stage cluster random sampling, 39 clusters each of 30 people aged 50 years and over were selected from urban and...

"École du Patrimoine Africain (The School of African Heritage)." Museum International, 58(1-2), pp. 95–96 Notes1. For more information, consult the website: http://www.epa-prema.net/. [Google Scholar]

In order for America to retain its superior position in a global economy it is imperative that all students receive educational opportunities that will prepare them for the future. Currently, African-American economically disadvantaged students in the United States perform lower on standardized tests than their grade and age-level peers. Educators must find ways to improve the performance of students in this group in order to maximize future opportunities. Through a mixed-methodology...

According to the Department of Social Development, disability grants are available to adult South African citizens and permanent residents who are incapacitated and unable to work due to illness or disability. A number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) have accessed disability grants once they have fulfilled the criteria set down by the Department of Social Development. Current government policies entitle PWAs, a least in theory, to access antiretroviral medications. Where PWAs have been...

Sediment samples from a continuous 4.6 m profile in the dry bed of Lake Ngami in NW Botswana were analysed for geochemistry and dated using both 14C and TL methods. Certain units in the profile were found to be diatom rich and these, with the geochemical results, were used as indicators of high and low lake levels within the basin. The Lake Ngami sediments contain a high proportion of SiO2 (51–92.5 wt%, avg. 72.4 wt%) and variable levels of Al2O3 (2.04–17.2 wt%, avg. 8.88 wt%). Based on...