AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDERS: TRAINING CURRICULUM FOR COMMUNICATION PATHOLOGISTS WITHIN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT - Khan, Farhana (2006)
openalex: W287959524 mag: 287959524
Keywords: openalex:import

Critical analysis of the policy practice of mathematics education in Ghana - Nabie, MJ; Kolorah-Ekpale, PT (Mathematics Connection, 2006)
Ensuring a smooth mathematics education programme requires the formulation and implementation of appropriate instructional policies. This study is a survey of some practices of the instructional policies and their influence on mathematics education. Completed Basic School Annual Census (CBSAC) forms and unstructured interviews were used to collect data. In the study, 2364 pupils in 33 classes and 140 teachers were involved. The study showed that instructional policies lack the consensus of those who implement them. They also lack support and monitoring. The paper recommends public debate, adequate support and a body for periodic evaluation of instructional policies at all levels. Mathematics Connection Vol. 4 2004: 15-25
openalex: W2094432580 mag: 2094432580
Keywords: openalex:import

African-American women faculty teaching at institutions of higher-learning in the Pacific Northwest : challenges, dilemmas, and sustainability - Townsend-Johnson, Linda (2006)
approved: Farah A. Ibrahim Institutions of higher learning in the Pacific Northwest have successfully recruited African-American faculty, yet these institutions have difficulty retaining AfricanAmerican faculty for at least five years. African-American women faculty experience problems obtaining promotions and tenure at predominantly White institutions. Highlevel administrators are aware of this attrition, but little or no action is being taken to reverse this trend. There is a lack of research and data available on African-American women faculty prior to the 1990s. However, current literature exists regarding the challenges and benefits of recruiting, hiring, and retaining African-American women faculty. The results of this study support the existing findings on African-American women teaching in institutions of higher learning. The researcher used an African-American feminist perspective with many facets of Grounded Theory to conduct this study. This critical philosophical view is believed to be the most appropriate way to share the lived experiences of the research participants. The sample consisted of ten African-American women faculty participants, which included the researcher’s experiences. The data was analyzed for thematic connections, coded sentence by sentence, and categorized based on the common themes. The researcher captured the lived experiences of the participants by sharing statements that displayed their thoughts, emotions, areas of growth and struggle, suggestions for sustainability, and other issues that they felt were important. The current work status of the participants was noted. The participants offered many strategies for sustainability for new African-American female faculty. Based on this study’s findings, the researcher theorizes that there are three essential elements needed for new African-American women faculty to achieve success at the IHE. The new African-American woman faculty should: establish a strong support network on and off campus, obtain a mentor at her institution to guide her through the tenure process, and use her spirituality as a sustainer. © Copyright by Linda Townsend-Johnson April 25, 2006
openalex: W1510204142 mag: 1510204142
Keywords: openalex:import

Lesotho High School students' conceptions of earthquakes - Thamae, Malitsoanelo Nthati (2006)
This study examined conceptions about earthquakes held by the selected high school students in Lesotho. A survey was carried out at one high school with students from three different grades; Form A students who had not yet received formal instruction about earthquakes, and Form C and Form D students who had dealt with the topic in school. Some of the students in the sample had experienced an earthquake. A diagnostic test was used to elicit conceptions from 130 students. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 6 students, with the purpose of probing certain responses from the test. In particular, test responses that were probed included; first, those which showed confusion between earthquakes and volcanoes, and second, those which used indigenous beliefs to explain causes of earthquakes. The conceptions held by students in the three grades were analysed and compared. From the results the following findings emerged: First, many students appear to be confused in their understanding between earthquakes and volcanoes, particularly those who had received classroom instruction on these concepts. Some of the students could not distinguish between an earthquake and a volcano, while others seem to think that earthquake occurrences are always linked to volcanic activity. Second, several students across the three grades could not differentiate between movements of the earth’s crust which result in earthquakes and the larger scale movements, i.e. the rotation and revolution of the earth. Third, generally students across the three grades appear to have scientifically correct ideas about the causes of earthquakes. Also, the majority of students attributed the causes of earthquakes to water, perhaps because the earthquake in their area was caused by impoundment of the dam. However, students seemed to be uninformed about the mechanisms or processes behind the occurrence of earthquakes. Finally, a few students across the grades used indigenous beliefs to explain earthquakes. With an awareness of the conceptual and cultural difficulties students in Lesotho are likely to encounter in the learning of earthquakes, teachers can prepare in advance to handle such issues, as they are critical in the understanding of the phenomenon of earthquakes.
openalex: W107147239 mag: 107147239
Keywords: openalex:import

An investigation of feedback to secondary schools from The Cambridge overseas school certificate(COSC) english language examinations in Lesotho - Tlebere, Maleshoane Matheko (2006)
openalex: W2280825806 mag: 2280825806
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationships Among Language and Literacy Skills for African American Students - Craig, Holly K.; Washington, Julie A. (2006)
openalex: W2967685933 mag: 2967685933
Keywords: openalex:import

New Standards and Old Inequalities: School Reform and the Education of African American Students - Darling‐Hammond, Linda (2006)
Despite the rhetoric of American equality, the school experiences of African American and other minority students in the United States continue to be substantially separate and unequal. Dramatically different learning opportunities-especially disparities in access to well-qualified teachers, high quality curriculum, and small schools and classes-are strongly related to differences in student achievement. Standards-based reforms have been launched throughout the United States with promises of greater equity, but, while students are held to common standards-and increasingly experience serious sanctions if they fail to achieve them-few states have equalized funding and access to the key educational resources neededfor learning. This paper outlines current disparities in educational access and proposes reforms needed to equalize opportunities to learn. The education reform movement in the United States has focused increasingly on the development of new standards for students: Virtually all states have begun to create standards for graduation, new curriculum frameworks to guide instruction, and new assessments to test students' knowledge. Many have put in place high-stakes testing systems that attach rewards and sanctions to students' scores on standardized tests. These rewards and sanctions include grade retention or promotion as well as graduation for students, merit pay awards or threats of dismissal for teachers and administrators, and extra funds or loss of registration, reconstitution, or loss of funds for schools. School districts across the country are weighing in with their own versions of reform, including new curricula, testing systems, accountability mechanisms, and promotion or graduation requirements. To be sure, there are other kinds of reforms being proposed. Sprinklings of charter schools and a few voucher programs aim to create new options for some students' education. Bottom up reforms of curriculum and assessment in some schools aim to provide more thoughtful and authentic learning experiences that challenge and excite students' interests and develop higher order thinking and performance skills. Reorganization of schedules and new school designs sometimes provide options for more in-depth study and longer-term relationships between adults and students. School-to-work programs promise greater options for some students who are enabled to connect more directly to the workplace. However, all of these efforts are partial and scattered. The constant of reforms today is standard setting for student achievement. The variable is educational opportunity. The rhetoric of standards-based reforms is appealing. Students cannot succeed in meeting the demands of the new economy if they do not encounter much more challenging work in school, many argue, and schools cannot be stimulated to improve unless the real
openalex: W2007599827 mag: 2007599827
Keywords: openalex:import

Understanding the earth systems of Malawi: Ecological sustainability, culture, and place‐based education - Glasson, George E.; Frykholm, Jeffrey; Mhango, Ndalapa A.; Phiri, Absalom Dumsell Keins (Science Education, 2006)
Abstract The purpose of this 2‐year study was to investigate Malawian teacher educators' perspectives and dispositions toward teaching about ecological sustainability issues in Malawi, a developing country in sub‐Sahara Africa. This study was embedded in a larger theoretical framework of investigating earth systems science through the understanding of nature–knowledge–culture systems from local, place‐based perspectives. Specifically, we were interested in learning more about eco‐justice issues that are related to environmental degradation in Malawi and the potential role of inquiry‐oriented pedagogies in addressing these issues. In a science methods course, the African educators' views on deforestation and teaching about ecological sustainability were explored within the context of the local environment and culture. Teachers participated in inquiry pedagogies designed to promote the sharing of perspectives related to the connections between culture and ecological degradation. Strategies encouraging dialogue and reflection included role‐playing, class discussions, curriculum development activities, teaching experiences with children, and field trips to a nature preserve. Data were analyzed from postcolonial and critical pedagogy of place theoretical perspectives to better understand the hybridization of viewpoints influenced by both Western and indigenous science and the political hegemonies that impact sustainable living in Malawi. Findings suggested that the colonial legacy of Malawi continues to impact the ecological sustainability issue of deforestation. Inquiry‐oriented pedagogies and connections to indigenous science were embraced by the Malawian educators as a means to involve children in investigation, decision making, and ownership of critical environmental issues. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 90 :660–680, 2006
openalex: W2042310344 mag: 2042310344
Keywords: openalex:import

The State of Knowledge About the Education of African Americans - Lee, Carol D. (2006)
openalex: W2903074285 mag: 2903074285
Keywords: openalex:import

Some South African connections among students at the Hochschule f&#252r Musik in Berlin, 1914-1933 - Mescht, Heinrich Van der (South African journal of musicology, 2006)
Between 1919 and 1933, five South African born students enrolled at the Hochschule: Constance Hoesch (singing), Margarete Schoen (piano), Lucia de Kock (cello), Reinhard Behr (singing), and Joachim Speiser (piano and composition). Three students later came to South Africa: the Jewish German Heinz Hirschland (piano and composition), Maria Neuss (violin, Bohemia), and Helga Bassel (piano, Berlin). South African Journal of Musicology Vol. 23 2003: 55-70
openalex: W2131895520 mag: 2131895520
Keywords: openalex:import

Justice in Adaptation to Climate Change in Tanzania - Paavola, Jouni (2006)
openalex: W4231168039
Keywords: openalex:import

Colonial Education in Africa: Retrospects and Prospects - Watkins, William H. (2006)
This chapter reviews the research papers prepared for the Commission on Research in Black Education. It discusses some of the author's own research experience and concerns and offer reflections as a Black teacher educator and researcher in Brazil. The commentary has been prepared to present reflections on the Afro Brazilian reality of education. A recent scientific-journalistic study about racism in Brazil presents some interesting data: 89 of Brazilians believe there is racism in the society; only 10 admitted they are prejudiced. This study also suggest that the degree of racism in Brazil and how it is manifested in our society remains unclear because explicit anger and hate are rarely demonstrated in people's behavior toward Black Brazilians and mulattos. Our goal at this point is to help our community understand that racial discrimination in Brazil and in the world can be described as a set of economic, political, social, and ideological relations, as a systemic process grounded in everyday life.
openalex: W3205492316 mag: 3205492316
Keywords: openalex:import

Exploring innovative approaches for using ICT for rural women's adult education in Ghana - Kwapong, Olivia Adwoa Tiwaah Frimpong (Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 2006)
This paper examines opportunities in emerging technologies and their potentials for improving the lot of rural women in Ghana through adult education. Through a web-based (internet) and literature search, this paper reviewed the potentials of some of these innovative approaches for empowering rural women in Ghana. Though rural populations in Ghana generate 56% of the total national household income (GLSS 4, 2000), poor infrastructural development in their communities and limited access to resources affect their productivity and development. Meanwhile due to new technological developments, there have been innovative approaches for reaching the unreached with state of the art information resources. From the search, it became clear that Ghana already has an extensive telecommunications network that reaches every region in the country; and a considerable experience in rural adult education programs, which when effectively explored could help reduce the learning curve to a significant degree. In addition, there are currently available on the market several technologies that avoid many of the technical constraints, especially electrical energy that prevent the use of technologies for community education. Harnessing the potentials of these innovative technologies for rural adult education will help bridge the rural-urban divide. Ghana Journal of Development Studies Vol. 2(2) 2005: 62-76
openalex: W2170814314 mag: 2170814314
Keywords: openalex:import

Pollution assessment of the lower basin of Lakes Kainji/Jebba, Nigeria: heavy metal status of the waters, sediments and fishes - Oyewale, A. O.; Musa, Ibrahim Jaro (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2006)
openalex: W2060201246 mag: 2060201246
Keywords: openalex:import

Education District Development in South Africa: A New Direction for School Improvement? (2006)
openalex: W4251525355
Keywords: openalex:import

Incidence of ocular congenital anomalies in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Adegbehingbe, BO; Ajite, Kayode; Adegbehingbe, Olayinka O (Orient Journal of Medicine, 2006)
Objective: The aim of this study was to report the pattern and incidence of congenital eye defects among patients seen in a semi-urban academic tertiary referral institution. Methodology: We reviewed all consecutive new patients with congenital abnormality seen between January 1998 and December 2003 at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics on SPSS statistical package version 10. Results: A total of 189 patients with congenital defects were seen during the study period, of which 31(16.4%) had congenital eye defects {male 16(51.6%), female 15 (48.4%)} with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Their ages at presentation ranged from 1 day to 23 years with mean age± SD at 1.6 years ±0.5 years. Congenital eye defects seen were congenital cataracts 6(19.4%), microphthalmia 5(16.1%), nasolacrimal duct obstruction 4(12.9%), congenital glaucoma 3(9.7%), lid coloboma 3(9.7%), congenital ptosis 2(6.5%), pseudo-proptosis 2(6.5%), and lid haemangioma 2(6.5%). Prevalence of blindness was 9.8%. Conclusion: Congenital eye defects constitute a significant cause of morbidity (16.4%) and blindness (1.6%) among cases of congenital defects seen in the teaching hospital. Keywords: congenital, eye defects Orient Journal of Medicine Vol. 17(3&4) 2005: 31-36
openalex: W2028605589 mag: 2028605589
Keywords: openalex:import

Education and Wages in the West Bank and Gaza 1995-2004: Testing the Aggregate Effects of the Education Premium Over Time - Almagor, Hadas (2006)
openalex: W2225789249 mag: 2225789249
Keywords: openalex:import

Multi-level Factors Affecting the Performance of South African Pupils in Mathematics - Howie, Sarah J. (2006)
This research is a secondary analysis of the performance of the South African pupils in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study 1999 in which pupils wrote tests (in either English or Afrikaans) in mathematics and science. South African pupils also had to write an English test, which was included as a national option. TIMSS 1999 was conducted in 1998/1999 in South Africa and internationally under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). The South African pupils’ performance was significantly below that of all 37 other participating countries, including other developing countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Chile, Indonesia and the Philippines. This was also the case in 1995 where South Africa performed below all 40 other countries in the study. This was partly the inspiration to explore the factors that had an effect on the South African pupils’ performance in mathematics. This chapter presents some of the final results of a three-year research project (Howie, 2002) and includes the final partial least square (PLS) analysis and multi-level analysis of the effect of contextual factors on student and school levels.
openalex: W3114369754 mag: 3114369754
Keywords: openalex:import

Tunisia - Second Higher Education Reform Support Project : environmental assessment - Superior, Ministere de l'Enseignement (2006)
This environmental management plan for the Tunisia Higher Education Reform Support Project, which builds educational facilities, proposes measures to alleviate negative environmental impacts produced during the implementation of project components. Adverse impacts comprise covering vehicles that transport sand, using water-spraying to minimize dust; fencing off the construction site; avoiding work at night and using silencers for machinery and equipment to reduce noise; equipping the workplace with drinking water and septic tanks for individual use, and transporting and treating waste to reduce water and soil pollution; posting warning signs and assigning security to the site to reduce accidents; avoiding material transport during periods of heavy traffic; informing the appropriate authorities about chance finds of archeological works; establishing adequate household garbage and waste storage; coordinating waste collection and transport services with the municipalities; equipping local authorities to collect recyclable waste; equipping laboratories with waste pre-treatment and separation systems; and reducing effluent discharge.
openalex: W2297460077 mag: 2297460077
Keywords: openalex:import

Syria: What Reforms While a Storm Is Building? - Aita, Samir El (Arab Reform Initiative, 2006)
openalex: W3137985015 mag: 3137985015
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of the changing practitioner requirements on management accounting education at South African universities - Jacobs, Liza (2006)
openalex: W109178022 mag: 109178022
Keywords: openalex:import

Information technology education and employment for women in Kenya - Kvasny, Lynette; Payton, Fay Cobb; Chong, Jing; Mbarika, Victor (2006)
Sub-Saharan Africa women have historically assumed the roles of housewife and subsistence farmer. However, with the global growth of information and communications technologies (ICT) and digital divide interventions, women are enrolling in university programs which prepare them for employment in the formal workforce. In this paper, we present a study in which we interviewed 32 women enrolled in an ICT program at a Kenyan university. The interviews examined the women's responses to the program as well as the women's experiences in seeking and securing ICT-related employment. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entree into the labor force and empowering women. However they perceive significant structural barriers, such as gender discrimination in hiring practices, organization's inability to recognize their mix of technical and business competencies, and national ICT policies which did not support the growth in the technology sector.
openalex: W1992204018 mag: 1992204018
Keywords: openalex:import

International profiles: Egypt: The challenges of gifted and talented education in the Arab Republic of Egypt - Mohamed, Ahmed (2006)
openalex: W2733560055 mag: 2733560055
Keywords: openalex:import

Characteristics of hearing-impairment among patients in Ghana - Amedofu, Geoffrey K.; Ocansey, Grace; Antwi, Barbara B (African journal of health sciences, 2006)
The causes, and characteristics of hearing-impairment were determined prospectively among six thousand, four hundred and twenty-eight (6,428) patients who reported at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) with hearing problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics and some causes of hearing loss of patients who report for management at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. The procedure adopted included a detailed case history, Otoscopy and Pure-tone Audiometry. Of the 6,428 patients, 5,734 (89.9 %) were diagnosed as having significant hearing loss. There were more hearing impaired women than men at all ages. Majority of the patients had mild hearing loss. The overall prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss was more in worse ear than better ear. Again, the occurrence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss was more than other types of hearing loss. Noise, Fever, Presbycusis, Sickness, Meningitis and Meniere's diseases were the major causes of Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Conductive Hearing Loss was attributed in the main to Wax, Foreign Bodies, Otitis Media, and Traumas. These findings have important implications on the need of resources for rehabilitation.
openalex: W2077464137 mag: 2077464137
Keywords: openalex:import

Scintigraphic analysis of thyroid diseases at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - Aweda, Moses Adebayo (West African Journal of Radiology, 2006)
This paper presents a retrospective analysis of randomly selected clinical scintigraphic records at the College of Medicine/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Out of the 436 patients scanned for various thyroid abnormalities, 266 (61.0%) were used for the analysis due to insufficient data and parameters required for the analysis in the clinical records. Among these 266 cases selected, euthyroidism showed the highest incidence of 123 (46.2%). This was followed by hyperthyroidism 103 (38.7%) and hypothyroidism 40 (15.1%). Of the 103 hyperthyroidism studied, thyrotoxicosis was noted in 82 cases (79.6%). Grave's disease was found in 11 (10.7%) and Nodular goitre in 10 (9.7%). West African Journal of Radiology Vol. 13(1) 2006: 33-40
openalex: W2028880847 mag: 2028880847
Keywords: openalex:import

Major ions composition of the groundwater and surface water systems and their geological and geochemical controls in the Ethiopian volcanic terrain - Ayenew, Tenalem (Sinet. An Ethiopian journal of science, 2006)
Broad hydrochemical survey has been carried out to study the spatial variation of the major ions composition of the surface and groundwater systems in the Ethiopian volcanic terrain and associated Plio-Quaternary sediments. The result revealed wide hydrochemical variations controlled by geological, geochemical, geomorphological and climatological factors. The total ionic concentration increases dramatically from the highlands towards the rift valley following the regional groundwater flow directions to low-lying regions characterized by low annual rainfall and high evapotranspiration. In the rift the total dissolved solids (TDS) variation is dramatic (in places more than 50 fold). The highland waters are predominantly fresh with low total ionic concentrations, TDS varying often from 50 to 1200 mg/l; with dominant ions of Ca, Mg and HCO3. The rift valley waters have very high TDS (varying in a wide range between 200 and 73,015 mg/l) characterized by high Na and HCO3, in places highly enriched with F. Waters of the southern and central Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) are dominated by HCO3 tending to SO4 and Cl type in northern and central Afar mainly due to changes in lithology related to evaporite deposits and due to the natural chemical evolution of waters as they move from highland recharge to low-lying rift discharge areas. Deep geothermal waters, alkaline terminal lakes of the MER and small highly evaporated saline and brackish lakes of the Afar have the highest ionic concentrations. Keywords: Ethiopian rift, hydrogeology, ionic concentration, TDS, volcanic terrain SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol. 28(2) 2005: 171-188
openalex: W1999356734 mag: 1999356734
Keywords: openalex:import

The relationship between verve and the academic achievement of African American and European American middle school students - Hawkins, Torrance N. (2006)
openalex: W2205089320 mag: 2205089320
Keywords: openalex:import

Echocardiography in Nigeria: experience from University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu - Ike, SO (West African Journal of Radiology, 2006)
This study evaluated our experience with echocardiographic studies over a period of 10 years (February 1991 to January 2001). Two thousand five hundred and twenty seven patients (1577 males, 950 females), aged between 3 weeks to 85, years were referred for echocardiography at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu. The commonest indications for echocardiography were found to be Valvular Heart Diseases (16%), Hypertensive Heart Disease (15%) and Congenital Heart Diseases (14.3%). Echocardiography was able to confirm 868 (34.4%) of Valvular Heart Diseases (n = 868), 436 (17.3%) Hypertensive heart Diseases, (13.2%) Congenital Heart Diseases and Cardiomyopathies 237(9.5%). Normal studies were documented in 275(10.9%) of the patients. The functional states of prosthetic valves as well as the position of pacemakers were some of the clinical usefulness of echocardio-graphic studies documented by the study. More accurate diagnoses and influencing the direction of management were definitely the outcomes of the echocardiographic studies of these patients.
openalex: W2150637207 mag: 2150637207
Keywords: openalex:import

Ultrasound in diagnosis of hepatic pathologies: a review of two years experience in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria - Okoye, IJ; Eke, CI; Aderibigbe, Aso; Okere, Pcn; Ezeofor, Salome Nwaelom; Obioha, FI (West African Journal of Radiology, 2006)
openalex: W2075481885 mag: 2075481885
Keywords: openalex:import

Post irradiation hearing loss in head/neck patients in Lagos, Nigeria - Somefun, Oluwasegun Ayokunle; Ajekigbe, AT; Dawotola, B; Bamgboye, B; Nwawolo, C C (West African Journal of Radiology, 2006)
A prospective study was conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital on patients with malignancies of the head and neck region treated with external beam irradiation type and severity of hearing loss. Each patient had a preirradiation and post irradiation pure tone audiogram at 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months. Following completion of radiotherapy serial post irradiation audiogram threshold was compared with pre-treatment threshold. An increase of 10 dB HL (decibel hearing level) or greater was considered significant. Radiation dose ranged from 45-55Gy in twenty to twenty-five fractions per weeks over four to five weeks treatment. Patients that received chemotherapy as adjunctive to therapy during the period of the study were excluded. A total of 40 patients (80 ears) completed the audiological follow up out of ninety four patients seen during the study period .Age ranged between 4-79 years. The tumor site distribution showed 20% in the nasopharynx, 25% in the larynx, 15% in the nose and paranasal sinuses and 10% in the parotid. 7.5% in the oral cavity and mandible respectively and 5% in the ear. Majority 33 (82.5%) were sqaumous carcinoma, 10% were sarcoma and 5% were adenocarcinoma.Pre-radiation hearing assessment revealed 62 ears (77.5%) with normal hearing, 8ears (10%) with mild SNHL and 5 ears (6.25%) with mild and moderate CHL respectively. Final post radiation hearing assessment after 6 months revealed normal hearing in 64 ears (80%), 11 ears (13.8%) with mild SNHL and 2 ears (2.5%) with moderate SNHL. 1.25% with moderate conductive hearing loss and 2 ears (2.5%) with mixed loss. Negative effect of radiotherapy post radiation was seen in 5 ears (6.25%) mainly in mandibular, parotid and ear tumours. The study shows that hearing loss after external beam irradiation could be a significant side effect after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients, hence patients should be informed during the pre-treatment counseling period and audiological assessments should be an integral part of pre-therapy evaluation for medicolegal reasons. ABSTRAIT
openalex: W2092079339 mag: 2092079339
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia in screened blood donors at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - Ikeh, EI; Okeke, Fio (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2006)
The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was investigated among screened blood donors at Jos University Teaching Hospital between April and June 2003. A total of 200 blood donors that were systematically selected were examined for malaria parasitaemia. Twenty two samples were positive giving a prevalence of 11.0% and only Plasmodium falciparum was detected. The donors of
openalex: W2093118793 mag: 2093118793
Keywords: openalex:import

Endometrial pathology in a teaching hospital in North Central Nigeria: a histopathological survey - Ojo, BA; Aboyeji, PA; Buhari, MO; Abdulraman, MB (Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, 2006)
The study was a 5 year histopathological survey of endometrial biopsies seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital , Ilorin, North Central Nigeria from January 1st 1997 to December 31st 2001. It aimed at identifying the morphological patterns of endometrial disorders, prevalence of these disorders and the histopathological changes associated with the clinical diagnosis in Ilorin, Nigeria. Eight hundred and eighty two slides of cases of endometrial disorders recorded in the register of the Department of Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, North Central Nigeria were reviewed. Clinical data on each of the cases was retrieved from request cards. The pathological reports and clinical data were recorded noting the age, clinical history, morphological description of lesions and the histological types. The mean age of the studied group was 28 years. The commonest indication for endometrial sampling was infertility (55.3%) while secretory phase endometrium was the most common histological diagnosis followed by placental and foetal tissues (20.3%). The commonest pathological finding was hydatiform mole (1.5%). Others include chronic non specific endometritis (1.36%), acute on chronic endometritis (1.25%) and simple endometrial hyperplasia (1.25%). The prevalence rate of tuberculous endometritis and endometrial carcinoma were low at 0.34% and 0.81% respectively. While infertility and secretory phase endometrium continue to be the commonest indication and diagnosis in endometrial biopsies respectively, the procedure as an indispensable diagnostic tool can be improved on by the use of immunohistochemical techniques, endometrial culture and accurate and detail completion of histopathological request forms by clinicians.Keywords: endometrium, biopsies, pathology Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences Vol. 4(2) 2005: 107-111
openalex: W1997522072 mag: 1997522072
Keywords: openalex:import

Cataloging and Classification Education in Egypt: Stressing the Fundamentals While Moving Toward Automated Applications - Hady, Mohammed Fat'hy Abdel; Shaker, Ali Kamal (Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 2006)
SUMMARY This paper concentrates on the current state of cataloging and classification education in Egypt. The authors highlight the changes which have occurred in the past five years and also envision expected changes for the near future. All courses related inclusively to cataloging (both descriptive and subject) and classification of library materials have been examined. Research design includes analyzing curricula, distributing a written questionnaire, and interviewing library and information science faculty from different departments throughout the country. The paper reveals a number of findings that are of particular relevance to current and near-future cataloging and classification education in Egypt. Among these findings are the increasing focus on machine-readable cataloging, cooperation in cataloging, improving the practical part of cataloging and classification education, the need for continuing education of instructors, and continuing development of cataloging courses.
openalex: W2035544940 mag: 2035544940
Keywords: openalex:import

New York African Free Schools - Harris, Leslie M. (2006)
openalex: W2763604290 mag: 2763604290
Keywords: openalex:import

A Collaborative Project In West Africa: Student Research Experience In Development - Silliman, Stephen E.; Boukari, Mamadou; Crane, Pamela E. (2006)
Undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Notre Dame and the Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Benin, West Africa, have been involved in an international research experience. Established in 1998, this project includes regional sampling of groundwater quality, water-quality monitoring/education in a village in south-central Benin, a well drilling program, and a geostatistics course taught in Benin. In addition to student experience, these efforts have led to significant collaboration and time commitment among the faculty involved. In reviewing these efforts, two significant differences are noted between this research experience and other service experiences in developing countries. First, collaborative research requires long-term commitment between colleagues in the U.S. and in the partner country. Hence, it is concluded, short-term trips without long-term follow-up are unlikely to provide an optimal environment for international research collaboration. Second, research experiences are optimized when they include collaboration not only among faculty and students, but also among professionals, NGOs, and local populations in the partner country.
openalex: W2167065841 mag: 2167065841
Keywords: openalex:import

School Adjustment and the Academic Success of Rural African American Early Adolescents in the Deep South - Farmer, Thomas W.; Irvin, Matthew J.; Thompson, Jana; Hutchins, Bryan C.; Leung, Man‐Chi (Journal of Research in Rural Education, 2006)
This study examined the relationship between end-of-year grades and the academic, behavioral, and social characteristics of rural African American youth. Participants included 392 7th and 8th grade students from 2 rural middle schools in the south. Participants were African American and were from 2 communities that have child poverty rates exceeding 50% for public school students. Girls were more likely to have positive characteristics than boys. Academic, behavioral, and social difficulties were linked to low end-of-year grades, and positive characteristics were linked to high grades. Implications for supporting low-achieving African American students from low-resource communities are discussed.
openalex: W2113123957 mag: 2113123957
Keywords: openalex:import

Implementing Integrated Literacy Approaches in an English Classroom in Malawi - Mmela, Edith (2006)
openalex: W2188757579 mag: 2188757579
Keywords: openalex:import

USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES IN MALAWI - Kadzera, Clemence Michael (2006)
openalex: W2401287947 mag: 2401287947
Keywords: openalex:import

Endemic species and ecosystem sensitivity to climate change in Namibia - Thuiller, Wilfried; Midgley, Guy F.; Hughes, Greg; Bomhard, Bastian; Drew, Gillian H.; Rutherford, M. C.; Woodward, F. I. (Global Change Biology, 2006)
Abstract We present a first assessment of the potential impacts of anthropogenic climate change on the endemic flora of Namibia, and on its vegetation structure and function, for a projected climate in ∼2050 and ∼2080. We used both niche‐based models (NBM) to evaluate the sensitivity of 159 endemic species to climate change (of an original 1020 plant species modeled) and a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) to assess the impacts of climate change on vegetation structure and ecosystem functioning. Endemic species modeled by NBM are moderately sensitive to projected climate change. Fewer than 5% are predicted to experience complete range loss by 2080, although more than 47% of the species are expected to be vulnerable (range reduction >30%) by 2080 if they are assumed unable to migrate. Disaggregation of results by life‐form showed distinct patterns. Endemic species of perennial herb, geophyte and tree life‐formsare predicted to be negatively impacted in Namibia, whereas annual herb and succulent endemic species remain relatively stable by 2050 and 2080. Endemic annual herb species are even predicted to extend their range north‐eastward into the tree and shrub savanna with migration, and tolerance of novel substrates. The current protected area network is predicted to meet its mandate by protecting most of the current endemicity in Namibia into the future. Vegetation simulated by DGVM is projected to experience a reduction in cover, net primary productivity and leaf area index throughout much of the country by 2050, with important implications for the faunal component of Namibia's ecosystems, and the agricultural sector. The plant functional type (PFT) composition of the major biomes may be substantially affected by climate change and rising atmospheric CO 2 – currently widespread deciduous broad leaved trees and C 4 PFTs decline, with the C 4 PFT particularly negatively affected by rising atmospheric CO 2 impacts by ∼2080 and deciduous broad leaved trees more likely directly impacted by drying and warming. The C 3 PFT may increase in prominence in the northwestern quadrant of the country by ∼2080 as CO 2 concentrations increase. These results suggest that substantial changes in species diversity, vegetation structure and ecosystem functioning can be expected in Namibia with anticipated climate change, although endemic plant richness may persist in the topographically diverse central escarpment region.
openalex: W2096880626 mag: 2096880626
Keywords: openalex:import

A history of African higher education from antiquity to the present: a critical synthesis (Choice Reviews Online, 2006)
Preface Introduction Pre-modern Africa Afro-Arab Islamic Africa Anglophone Africa Anglophone Africa–II: Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa Europhone Africa Thematic Perspective: The Role of Foreign Aid Conclusion: The Colonial Legacy Appendix I: An Exploration into the Provenance of the Modern African University Appendix II: The Historical Antecedents of the Disjuncture Between Pre-Modern and Modern Africa Appendix III: The European Colonial Empires in Africa on the Eve of Political Independence Glossary Bibliography Index
openalex: W658855141 mag: 658855141
Keywords: openalex:import

Recasting Postcolonial Citizenship through Civic Education: Critical Perspectives on Zambia - Abdi, Ali A.; Shizha, Edward; Bwalya, Ignatio (International Education, 2006)
Ali A. AbdiDepartment of Educational Policy StudiesUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaEdward ShizhaLecturer, University of Zimbabwe, HarareResearch Associate, University of AlbertaIgnatio BwalyaLecturer, Faculty of EducationUniversity of Zambia, LusakaINTRODUCTIONSince the early 1990s and, perhaps, as one effect of the emergence of the uni-polar world, there have been a lot of “democratizing” activities in the Sub-Saharan context, with Zambia, a central African country of about 10 million, at the forefront of these processes. While democracy, in one form or another, has come to Zambia, socio-eco-nomic underdevelopment continually pervades the land, and even at the political level, the opening-up process has been at best limited, if not still totally in favor of the elites. In this article we critique these issues via the prospect of enlarging citizenship (civic) education pos-sibilities for a more viable and inclusive social development. Citizenship is more than a set of political rights or responsibilities granted or mediated by the state. Citizenship, as well as the political education that aims to enhance it, is grounded in the practices, experi-ences, and meanings articulated and acted upon by individuals and social groups and is actively negotiated by individuals, including those that may be selectively marginalized in one context or another. The agency of individuals and groups should be considered when 47
openalex: W2131363351 mag: 2131363351
Keywords: openalex:import

The pattern of acute poisoning in a teaching hospital, north-west Ethiopia. - Abula, Teferra; Wondmikun, Yared (PubMed, 2006)
Poisoning by means of hazardous chemicals through ignorance, mishap or intentionally is becoming a serious health problem worldwide. Epidemiological data on this important health issue are, however, scarce in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is to assess the pattern of acute poisonings and determine the approaches employed for the management of poisoning.The medical records of patients with acute poisonings presented to the Gondar University hospital between July 2001 and June 2004 were reviewed retrospectively.One hundred and two patients presenting to the emergency department of the hospital were due to acute poisoning; accounting for about 0.45% of emergency room admissions. Organophosphates, rat poison and alcohol were the commonly encountered poisoning agents (in about 70% of cases) mainly in adults possibly with suicidal or para-suicidal intention. The approaches employed in the management of poisoning mainly involved gastrointestinal decontamination procedures. Specific antidotes were used in a substantial number of patients. The fatality rate was 2.4%.Poisoning with suicidal intention is becoming a serious health problem particularly in adults. Pesticides are commonly used toxicants. The approaches in the management of poisoning are justifiable in some cases. However, much is to be done to improve the recording of patient-related information and record-keeping processes. Further large scale studies are required to investigate national trends of poisoning and factors associated with poisoning.
openalex: W2300736606 mag: 2300736606
Keywords: openalex:import

Evidence of Computerphobia in Nigerian Education Majors - Arigbabu, Abayomi A. (Psychological Reports, 2006)
The 20-item Computer Anxiety Scale was administered to a Nigerian sample of 162 undergraduates in education (53 men and 109 women). Analysis indicated that the construct of computer anxiety appears to be invariant with respect to sex, year of study, or group (science/nonscience). In addition, a high prevalence of computer anxiety was observed as about two-thirds of the participants had computer anxiety scores exceeding 60 with a mean score of 65.3 (SD= 16.6).
openalex: W1980764581 mag: 1980764581
Keywords: openalex:import

Changing Discourses and Meanings of Redress in South African Higher Education, 1994–2001 - Barnes, Teresa (Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2006)
The apartheid state provided higher education in very differentiated ways. After 1994, the issue of how new policies would address the issue of unjust differentiation was widely discussed via the concept of ‘redress’. After 1994, the idea of redress for the cohort of historically disadvantaged institutions went through many shifts and competing definitions. The article shows that by 2001 the stage was set for a number of centrally imposed proposals to address the problems of institutional inequality; these relied more on notions of developing institutional fitness for mandated missions within given financial constraints than on reparation for past discrimination or injustice.
openalex: W2073273445 mag: 2073273445
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning the Meaning of Care: A Case Study in a Geriatric Home in Upper Egypt - Boggatz, Thomas; Dassen, T. (Journal of transcultural nursing, 2006)
Geriatric care is a new phenomenon in Egypt. This study investigates how Egyptian caregivers experience their work and how they conceive its meaning. A qualitative case study in a geriatric home in Upper Egypt was conducted using structured interviews with 10 staff members and content analysis according to Mayring. Performing care required learning to overcome initial experiences of fear, disgust, and sexual taboo. Care was perceived as a laborious repetition. Its ideal form was described as a reaction to a demand combined with kind patience and a family-like relationship. Christian and female values allowed coping with experienced problems and alleviated conflicts between traditional gender roles and care of male residents. Traditional values helped to adapt to the requirements of providing care. Sexual taboos may reduce willingness to provide care, but traditional values may encourage caregivers.
openalex: W2159338563 mag: 2159338563
Keywords: openalex:import

School Belonging and the African American Adolescent: What do We Know and Where Should We Go? - Booker, Keonya C. (The High School Journal, 2006)
Research shows, for African American adolescents, issues of school belonging, identification, and engagement are critical to academic performance and successful completion of high school. In the existing literature, school belonging has been significantly linked with teacher support, peer relations, motivation, engagement, and academic performance. This paper reviews major findings on school belonging for this group of students, and offers future directions for research.
openalex: W2062021435 mag: 2062021435
Keywords: openalex:import

Culture in the Sanctioned Classroom Practices of Elementary School Teachers Serving Low-Income African American Students - Boykin, A. Wade; Tyler, Kenneth M.; Watkins-Lewis, Karen; Kizzie, Karmen (Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 2006)
This study examined whether culture mediated teachers' reported classroom behaviors. Teachers were asked to complete a questionnaire with items that depicted a traditional classroom behavior or activity performed under specific cultural orientations. Reports of culture-based classroom behaviors were ascertained as a function of teacher cultural group and classroom cultural practice type. Classroom cultural practice was measured through a scale developed to assess typical classroom activities carried out in fundamental culture-specific manners. After teachers initially responded to how often they endorsed the culture-based classroom practices, an inference was made of the degree to which teachers maintained classroom behaviors specific to either individualistic, competitive, communal, or vervistic cultural orientations. Because teachers' practices are believed to be guided by mainstream European cultural values, it was predicted that they would report higher levels of such classroom practices. Patterns of relationships among the endorsement levels of the reported classroom behaviors were also examined.
openalex: W1981611712 mag: 1981611712
Keywords: openalex:import

Developing mental health education for health volunteers in a township in South Africa - Bradshaw, Tim; Mairs, Hilary; Richards, David (Primary Health Care Research & Development, 2006)
South Africa like many countries is moving towards a system of community care for people with mental health problems. This is set against a backdrop of under-resourced and overburdened services. These problems are particularly apparent in the township communities. The aim of this study was to devise an education programme for South African volunteer health workers using principles adapted from the UK evidence base for psychosocial intervention (PSI) and to evaluate the impact of the education programme on community volunteer health workers' knowledge about mental health issues. A stakeholder consultation exercise was held to explore: the context of South African services; the transferability of the UK evidence base and educational strategies to South Africa; and to inform the design of an educational programme. Evaluation of the community volunteer educational programme was undertaken using pre- and post-education focus groups. Twenty-one volunteers working with mentally ill people in the community from one township attended a three-day, six module course. After the course, volunteers: were able to articulate a greater range of aetiological and contributing factors to the development of mental health problems, including stress vulnerability and traditional belief frameworks; could describe a more humanistic model of mental health identification; identified a wider range of both formal and informal helping strategies; were more aware of the negative impact of interpersonal behaviours for people with mental health problems. Volunteer involvement has been confined to communicable diseases in South Africa. Volunteers educated about mental health care could assist in the South African policy of ‘horizontal’ integration of services into primary care from their current ‘vertical’, specialist-orientated structures.
openalex: W2044201986 mag: 2044201986
Keywords: openalex:import

Models for Nutrition Education to Increase Consumption of Calcium and Dairy Products among African Americans , - Bronner, Yvonne; Hawkins, Anita; Holt, Mckessa L; Hossain, Mian Bazle; Rowel, Randolph; Sydnor, Kim L; Divers, Shaquana P (The Journal of Nutrition, 2006)
Calcium and dairy consumption are documented to be low among African Americans and have demonstrated benefits to bone growth, overall nutritional status, and health throughout the life cycle. There is also an emerging relationship to the prevention of obesity. This low consumption has been attributed to both cultural and community/environmental barriers. Using a life course construct and an ecological model of health behavior, this paper will illustrate why nutrition education and food consumption behavior at one stage of the life cycle may influence health status at that stage as well as influence health and consumption of calcium and dairy products at subsequent stages. The life course construct recognizes that both past and present behavior and experiences (in this case food and nutrient intake) are shaped by the wider social, economic, and cultural context and therefore may provide clues to current patterns of health and disease. The ecological model, concerned with constructs of environmental change, behavior, and policies that may help people make choices in their daily life, complements the life course approach when examining the potential influence of nutrition education provided by federally funded food and nutrition programs on calcium and dairy consumption behavior across the life cycle. The “critical period model” within the life course construct is operative for calcium, a nutrient for which adequate intake is critically important during adolescence when peak bone density development, necessary for later protection against osteoporosis, is important.
openalex: W1900611191 mag: 1900611191
Keywords: openalex:import

Attitudes toward Condom Use among High School and University Students in Zimbabwe - Cort, Malcolm; Modeste, Naomi N. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2006)
Utilizing a sample of students (N = 504) from Matabeleland, Zimbabwe, Africa, this study investigated the extent to which knowledge of AIDS and two components of the Health Belief Model are related to: 1) attitude toward condom use, and 2) intentions to use a condom in future sexual encounters. Results indicated that knowledge of AIDS is not significantly related to any of the two dependent variables. However, belief in the efficacy of condoms, and lack of barriers to the use of condoms were significantly related to both dependent variables. Discussion focused on the role of religion and SES in influencing attitudes and decisions about condom use.
openalex: W2034109123 mag: 2034109123
Keywords: openalex:import

Global climate change: a rural perspective from Nigeria January 2006 - Dada, John (Waterlines, 2006)
openalex: W2019739751 mag: 2019739751
Keywords: openalex:import

Girls’ Education in the United States and Ghana - Davenport, Elizabeth K.; Sutton, Lenford C.; Agezo, Clement Kwadzo (International Journal of Educational Reform, 2006)
openalex: W236294741 mag: 236294741
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of Health Education on Active Trachoma in Hyperendemic Rural Communities in Ethiopia - Edwards, Tansy; Cumberland, Phillippa; Hailu, Girum; Todd, Jim (Ophthalmology, 2006)
Objective Trachoma is one of the leading preventable causes of blindness worldwide. We evaluate the impact of a health education program on the prevalence of active trachoma in children 3 to 9 years old. Design Community randomized intervention study. Data were collected by means of cross-sectional surveys before and after intervention. Participants Within 40 rural Ethiopian communities, households were selected at random, and all 3- to 9-year-old children within households were invited for examination. Methods Health education messages broadcast by radio were received by all communities. Nongovernmental organization activities to prevent trachoma, based on the SAFE (surgery for trichiasis, antibiotic treatment, face washing, and environmental improvements) strategy, were received by 30 of the 40 communities. Ten of these communities received enhanced educational messages using videos. Cluster summary measures were compared across surveys and intervention arms. Active trachoma at follow-up was modeled using random-effects logistic regression, adjusting for baseline prevalence and study area variability, at the cluster and individual level. Main Outcome Measures Active trachoma in 3- to 9-year-old children and adult knowledge and behavior related to the nature and transmission of trachoma infection. Results At baseline, 1410 of 1960 (72%) children examined and, at follow-up, 1289 of 2008 (64%) had active trachoma. The overall reduction in prevalence at cluster level was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%–12%; P<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the awareness of trachoma. After adjustment for area and cluster level baseline prevalence, the odds of active trachoma were reduced in both intervention arms, standard (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53–1.16) and enhanced (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48–1.21), compared with the control arm, but not significantly. Conclusions Overall, there was a small but statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of active trachoma between surveys, but differences between the 3 intervention arms were not statistically significant. Awareness of trachoma control increased in all communities, but there was little change in behavior associated with the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. It is therefore unlikely that observed reductions in active trachoma were solely due to health education. Trachoma is one of the leading preventable causes of blindness worldwide. We evaluate the impact of a health education program on the prevalence of active trachoma in children 3 to 9 years old. Community randomized intervention study. Data were collected by means of cross-sectional surveys before and after intervention. Within 40 rural Ethiopian communities, households were selected at random, and all 3- to 9-year-old children within households were invited for examination. Health education messages broadcast by radio were received by all communities. Nongovernmental organization activities to prevent trachoma, based on the SAFE (surgery for trichiasis, antibiotic treatment, face washing, and environmental improvements) strategy, were received by 30 of the 40 communities. Ten of these communities received enhanced educational messages using videos. Cluster summary measures were compared across surveys and intervention arms. Active trachoma at follow-up was modeled using random-effects logistic regression, adjusting for baseline prevalence and study area variability, at the cluster and individual level. Active trachoma in 3- to 9-year-old children and adult knowledge and behavior related to the nature and transmission of trachoma infection. At baseline, 1410 of 1960 (72%) children examined and, at follow-up, 1289 of 2008 (64%) had active trachoma. The overall reduction in prevalence at cluster level was 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%–12%; P<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in the awareness of trachoma. After adjustment for area and cluster level baseline prevalence, the odds of active trachoma were reduced in both intervention arms, standard (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53–1.16) and enhanced (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48–1.21), compared with the control arm, but not significantly. Overall, there was a small but statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of active trachoma between surveys, but differences between the 3 intervention arms were not statistically significant. Awareness of trachoma control increased in all communities, but there was little change in behavior associated with the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. It is therefore unlikely that observed reductions in active trachoma were solely due to health education.
openalex: W2107674995 mag: 2107674995
Keywords: openalex:import

Percutaneous needle pleural biopsies in pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology in a Nigerian teaching hospital - Ezemba, N; Eze, JC; Anyanwu, C H (Tropical Doctor, 2006)
Clinical observation shows that most of the patients with pleural effusion of undetermined aetiology in a Nigerian teaching hospital receive antiTB drug trials. This observation prompted the authors to evaluate the role of percutaneous needle pleural biopsy as a diagnostic tool in effusions of uncertain aetiology. Thirty-seven patients with pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology were investigated by percutaneous pleural biopsies using Abrams pleural biopsy needle over an 18-month period. In 34, the aetiology was established giving a sensitivity of 92%. Non-specific pleurisy/empyema remains the commonest cause of effusion (41%), followed closely by malignancies (29.4%) and TB pleurisy (22%), respectively. Percutaneous needle pleural biopsies establish diagnosis of malignancy in 91% of the cases with 72% of the malignancies originating from the lung. There is a significant association between malignancy and pleural effusion of uncertain aetiology in patients above 40 years of age (P = 0.022). The empirical use of antiTB drugs in the absence of investigative results suggestive of the diagnoses should be discouraged. Instead concerted effort should be made to establish the cause of such effusion.
openalex: W1991352517 mag: 1991352517
Keywords: openalex:import

Survey of air pollution in Cotonou, Benin—air monitoring and biomarkers - Fanou, Lucie Ayi; Mobio, Théophile A.; Creppy, E. E.; Fayomi, Benjamin; Fustoni, Silvia; Møller, Peter; Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A.; Georgiades, Panos; Loft, Steffen; Sanni, Ambaliou; Skov, Henrik; Øvrebø, Steinar; et al. (Science of the total environment, 2006)
Exposure to genotoxic compounds present in ambient air has been studied in Cotonou, Benin, a city where two-stroke motorbikes are the major form of transportation and gasoline quality is poor. Personal monitoring and biomarkers were used to assess the exposure. Non-smoking taxi-moto drivers (city) and village residents were the study subjects. Benzene exposure was significantly higher in the city, as compared to the village (76.0 ± 26.8 μg/m3 versus 3.4 ± 3.0, p = 0.0004). Urinary excretion of benzene and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were also highest in subjects living in the city, whereas 1-hydroxypyrene was not different. The level of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), associated with particles, ranged from 76.21 to 103.23 in Cotonou versus 1.55 ng/m3 for the village. Determination of DNA damage in lymphocytes showed that subjects from the city had elevated number of lesions compared to subjects in the village in terms of bulky DNA adducts, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 5-methylcytosine, whereas DNA fragmentations analysed by alkaline gel electrophoresis was not different between the subjects. In conclusion, this study shows that air pollution is pronounced in Cotonou, Bénin and is associated with elevated levels of DNA damage in residents of the city compared to people living in a non-polluted rural village.
openalex: W2071560939 mag: 2071560939
Keywords: openalex:import

Subsidies, selectivity and the returns to education in urban Papua New Guinea - Gibson, John; Fatai, Osaiasi Koliniusi (Economics of Education Review, 2006)
There is debate about whether the rate of return to education in developing countries declines with the level of schooling. This paper reports evidence from urban Papua New Guinea which shows that the average private rate of return to an additional year of education rises with the level of education considered. This pattern is robust to the specification of the extended earnings function and is strengthened when the measure of employee compensation includes fringe benefits. The results are not sensitive to controls for sample selectivity bias and the estimated selectivity effects are more consistent with the principle of comparative advantage than is existing evidence from developing countries. The returns to on-the-job training are also higher than indicated by previous evidence in developing countries.
openalex: W2017820605 mag: 2017820605
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Using a Distance Learning Network on Building Teachers' Communities of Practice in Egypt - Gouda, Amal; Banks, Frank (2006)
This research is a case study of using a distance learning network for teachers’ professional development in Egypt. It aims to investigate the impact of using Egypt’s National Network for Distance Training (NNDT) in developing teachers’ knowledge and on building communities of practice. It explores the role of professional development experts and teachers’ participation within the network. In addition, it draws attention to the teachers’ level of engagement in professional development programmes and, therefore, it reveals their modes of participation within the network. Moreover, it identifies the role of the technology in facilitating communication and collaboration between participants. Finally, this paper offers a number of recommendations that aim to develop the network capabilities to become a more ‘effective’ means for teachers’ professional development in Egypt.
openalex: W2128418392 mag: 2128418392
Keywords: openalex:import

An investigation on AIDS knowledge of Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia and effects of relevant health education - Guo, Jian; Luo, Yong-He; Fan, Shenggen; Zhou, Quan-sheng; Xiang, Zheng; Wei, Zhou; Dong, Min-shi (National journal of andrology, 2006)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze AIDS knowledge of the Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia and to evaluate the effects of AIDS education in order to conduct more effective health education of AIDS and increase AIDS knowledge among the Chinese peacekeepers in the areas with a high incidence of AIDS. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed on the basis of that recommended by WHO to investigate the knowledge of AIDS among the 528 Chinese peacekeepers in Liberia respectively before and after relevant health education, and the results were compared. RESULTS: There was an obvious deficiency in AIDS knowledge among the subjects before the education and an evident increase after it, and the difference was significant (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The Chinese peacekeepers are deficient in AIDS knowledge, and the deficiency can be effectively improved by relevant health education, which is essential for the health of the Chinese peacekeepers in the areas with a high incidence of AIDS.
openalex: W2353027367 mag: 2353027367
Keywords: openalex:import

Higher education and economic growth in Africa - Gyimah‐Brempong, Kwabena; Paddison, Oliver; Mitiku, Workie (Journal of development studies, 2006)
Abstract This paper uses panel data over the 1960–2000 period, a modified neoclassical growth equation, and a dynamic panel estimator to investigate the effect of higher education human capital on economic growth in African countries. We find that all levels of education human capital, including higher education human capital, have positive and statistically significant effect on the growth rate of per capita income in African counties. Our result differs from those of earlier research that find no significant relationship between higher education human capital and income growth. We estimate the growth elasticity of higher education human capital to be about 0.09, an estimate that is twice as large as the growth impact of physical capital investment. While this is likely to be an overestimate of the growth impact of higher education, it is robust to different specifications and points to the need for African countries to effectively use higher education human capital in growth policies.
openalex: W2099147689 mag: 2099147689
Keywords: openalex:import

Living It Out:Faith Resources and Sites as Critical to Participatory Learning With Rural South African Women - Haddad, Beverley (Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 2006)
Patriarchy is pervasive in rural communities in South Africa. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has forced African women theologians to address the issues of culture and poverty that are exacerbating the crisis for women. This article argues that faith resources are critical to participatory learning about the issues of HIV/AIDS. The Bible which is central to African Christian womens lives can be used to initiate discussions around taboo subjects such as sexuality HIV/AIDS and gender violence. However for such discussions to occur safe and sequestered sites need to be created and utilized. Notwithstanding these safe sites not all discourses will shift from safe sites to the public realm. These issues are discussed using two case studies from a contextual Bible study group of poor and marginalized Christian women in the rural community of Vulindlela KwaZulu-Natal South Africa. The first case study focuses on the groups reading of the biblical passage on the rape of Tamar (2 Sam. 13:1–22) and the second on the groups reading about the woman with the hemorrhage who was healed (Mark 5:21–43). An analytical comparison of these two contextual Bible studies one on rape and the other on an ailment that can be compared to HIV/AIDS seeks to determine under what conditions womens hidden discourse will move into the public realm in their communities. The article concludes by exploring the role of the activist-intellectual arguing that her role is both to nurture safe sites where womens voices may be heard and to mediate these voices in the public realm so as to influence public policy. (authors)
openalex: W1992839921 mag: 1992839921
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching psychiatry in Ethiopia - Hanlon, Charlotte; Fekadu, Daniel; Sullivan, Daniel C.; Alem, Atalay; Prince, Martin (International psychiatry, 2006)
There is a pressing need to train psychiatrists in low- and middle-income countries. Psychiatrists from high-income countries have an opportunity to share expertise in teaching and assessing trainees, while learning much in the process. Three trainees from a London psychiatric hospital were invited to help organise a revision course for the Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, and this paper reports their experiences.
openalex: W2555535681 mag: 2555535681
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and assessing consultation skills: an evaluation of a South African workshop on using the Leicester Assessment Package - Hastings, Adrian; Cameron, D.C.; Preston‐Whyte, Elan (South African Family Practice, 2006)
BackgroundThe consultation is at the very centre of clinical practice. It is in the meeting between doctor and patient that the story is told (and in good practice properly heeded) and decisions are made about the cause and treatment of the patient's problem. Following one year of supervised internship, South African doctors are required to do a year of community service and these doctors mostly work in understaffed peripheral hospitals. A substantial component of this work is unsupervised consultations with patients suffering from new or complex continuing diseases. On graduation, these doctors therefore require a high level of consultation competence. They must be able to make accurate diagnoses and manage patients' problems reliably and efficiently.The Leicester Assessment Package (LAP) was originally developed to assess the consultation competence of general practitioners in the UK. It was subsequently adapted for use in undergraduate teaching. In 2002, the LAP was presented at a medical education conference in South Africa. As a result, the Department of Family Medicine at Pretoria University began using the LAP in the teaching and formative assessment of the consultation skills of senior students in outpatient clinics. In 2003, the University of the Witwatersrand introduced a four-year graduate entry medical curriculum. The Centre for Health Care Education was interested in assessing whether the LAP would be suitable for the summative assessment of the consultation performance of students during their third and four years of the new curriculum.A workshop course was organised to train senior clinicians from the Universities of Pretoria and the Witwatersrand in the use of the LAP as a means of teaching and assessing the consultation performance of South African medical students.MethodTwenty-two experienced South African medical educators participated in a three-day workshop. Their attitudes to the LAP and the forms of teaching that its use promotes were analysed by responses to pre- and post-workshop questionnaires with Likert-scale and free-text questions.ResultsThe participants were positive about the LAP at the end of the workshop. They all believed that it was a useful instrument, and a majority would apply this method in their own departments. There were continuing reservations about the feasibility of the method and some respondents felt it would require some adaptation, particularly to the criteria for awarding grades.ConclusionsThe workshop participants learnt to use an instrument developed in the United Kingdom that encourages an analytical approach to the assessment and teaching of consultation skills. They believed it would be useful in the contexts in which they worked.
openalex: W2067188907 mag: 2067188907
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching and assessing consultation skills: an evaluation of a South African workshop on using the Leicester Assessment Package : original research - Hastings, Adrian; Cameron, Donna; Preston‐Whyte, Elan (South African Family Practice, 2006)
Background: The consultation is at the very centre of clinical practice. It is in the meeting between doctor and patient that the story is told (and in good practice properly heeded) and decisions are made about the cause and treatment of the patient's problem. Following one year of supervised internship, South African doctors are required to do a year of community service and these doctors mostly work in understaffed peripheral hospitals. A substantial component of this work is unsupervised consultations with patients suffering from new or complex continuing diseases. On graduation, these doctors therefore require a high level of consultation competence. They must be able to make accurate diagnoses and manage patients' problems reliably and efficiently. The Leicester Assessment Package (LAP) was originally developed to assess the consultation competence of general practitioners in the UK. It was subsequently adapted for use in undergraduate teaching. In 2002, the LAP was presented at a medical education conference in South Africa. As a result, the Department of Family Medicine at Pretoria University began using the LAP in the teaching and formative assessment of the consultation skills of senior students in outpatient clinics. In 2003, the University of the Witwatersrand introduced a four-year graduate entry medical curriculum. The Centre for Health Care Education was interested in assessing whether the LAP would be suitable for the summative assessment of the consultation performance of students during their third and four years of the new curriculum. A workshop course was organised to train senior clinicians from the Universities of Pretoria and the Witwatersrand in the use of the LAP as a means of teaching and assessing the consultation performance of South African medical students. Method: Twenty-two experienced South African medical educators participated in a three-day workshop. Their attitudes to the LAP and the forms of teaching that its use promotes were analysed by responses to pre- and post-workshop questionnaires with Likert-scale and free-text questions. Results: The participants were positive about the LAP at the end of the workshop. They all believed that it was a useful instrument, and a majority would apply this method in their own departments. There were continuing reservations about the feasibility of the method and some respondents felt it would require some adaptation, particularly to the criteria for awarding grades. Conclusions: The workshop participants learnt to use an instrument developed in the United Kingdom that encourages an analytical approach to the assessment and teaching of consultation skills. They believed it would be useful in the contexts in which they worked.
openalex: W2273955844 mag: 2273955844
Keywords: openalex:import

Searching for Triple Dividends in South Africa: Fighting CO2 Pollution and Poverty while Promoting Growth - Heerden, Jan van; Gerlagh, Reyer; Blignaut, James Nelson; Horridge, Mark; Hess, Sebastiaan; Mabugu, Ramos; Chitiga‐Mabugu, Margaret (The Energy Journal, 2006)
A CGE model of South Africa is used to find the potential for a double or triple dividend if the revenues raised from an energy-related environmental tax are recycled to households and industry through lowering existing taxes. Four environmental taxes and three revenue-recycling schemes are compared. The environmental taxes are (i) a tax on greenhouse gas emissions, (ii) a fuel tax, (iii) a tax on electricity use, and (iv) an energy tax. The four taxes are constructed such that they have a comparable effect on emissions. The revenue is recycled through either (i) a direct tax break on both labour and capital, (ii) an indirect tax break to all households, or (iii) a reduction in the price of food. A triple dividend is found - decreasing emissions, increasing GDP, and decreasing poverty - when any one of the environmental taxes is recycled through a reduction in food prices.
openalex: W2162831926 mag: 2162831926
Keywords: openalex:import

Seminar/Workshop on Capacity Building for Teacher‐Librarians in Primary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria - Iwhiwhu, Basil Enemute; Adomi, Esharenana E. (Library Hi Tech News, 2006)
Purpose To share the status of school libraries and the need for more intensive training for school librarians. Design/methodology/approach Provides a brief report on the seminar held in October 2005. Findings – Continuing education of teacher‐librarians is central to this goal of having more school libraries in Delta State, Nigeria. Practical implications – Reform and continuing education of teacher‐librarians is needed to establish a better standard among primary school libraries in Delta State, Nigeria. Originality/value Inordinately high value placed on the educational process of building school library/media centres to support the school curriculum.
openalex: W2025135035 mag: 2025135035
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of the Christian missionary education on the educational development of Nigeria - Iwunna, Peter (2006)
openalex: W3003556442 mag: 3003556442
Keywords: openalex:import

Teachers' Attitude is Not an Impediment to Adolescent Sexuality Education in Enugu, Nigeria - Iyoke, Chukwuemeka Anthony; Onah, HE; Onwasigwe, CN (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2006)
Studies have shown that adolescents in Nigeria have poor knowledge of reproductive health issues and that there was a need to provide them with correct broad-based information on reproductive health as part of a nationally-approved school curriculum. However, the non-application of the curriculum on sexuality education in many secondary schools in Nigeria has been blamed on a negative attitude of teachers. This study was undertaken to determine the attitude of secondary school teachers in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria, to adolescent sexuality education and to determine whether this depends on their socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study of the attitude of teachers to adolescent sexuality education was done. A total of 249 teachers were studied. Their mean age was 38.7 years +/- 8.08 SD. Two hundred and ten teachers (84%) were females. Two hundred and twenty-four teachers (90%) were married and 168 (67.5%) were of Roman Catholic faith. The awareness of reproductive health activities was high. There was a high proportion of respondents who approved of sexuality education for adolescents (77.5%) and an equally high proportion who believed that it was important (89%). One hundred and ninety-eight (79%) of the respondents were willing to teach sexuality education. The attitude to sexuality education was independent of religion, sex or marital status (p>0.05). It was concluded that secondary school teachers in Enugu urban were willing to offer sexuality education to adolescents under their care irrespective of their religion, sex or marital status. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers in Enugu be given the necessary special training in the teaching of sexuality education now and that sexuality education be officially incorporated into the school curriculum in Enugu, preferably as part of moral studies.
openalex: W2801061715 mag: 2801061715
Keywords: openalex:import

U. S. Teachers Learn about Family Security in Ghana. - Johnson, Caryl L. (Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2006)
openalex: W2993451795 mag: 2993451795
Keywords: openalex:import

Policy initiatives for change and innovation in basic education programmes in Ghana - Kadingdi, Stanislaus Alu (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
Using an historical perspective, the recent history of educational policy making in Ghana, as it relates to the provision of basic education, is examined. Three periods or phases are identified corresponding to the situation prior to Independence, the period between 1951 and 1986 and the reforms instituted in 1987 and the years that followed. Despite the willing cooperation of various donor agencies and the availability of resources, progress has been limited. The policy and contextual reasons for this comparative lack of progress are examined in turn. The paper concludes with what can be learnt from these attempts at reform and suggests that, whilst the issues involved are complex, greater attention needs to be focused on the training and support of teachers in their classroom role rather than focusing on the provision of resources. Helping teachers to understand the desired changes in their practice and the need to make pupils independent learners, coupled with reforms of teacher training and support, and the nature and quality of teacher continuing professional development, can all be seen as key ways in which further progress may be made
openalex: W1858672548 mag: 1858672548
Keywords: openalex:import

Consumption smoothing? Livestock, insurance and drought in rural Burkina Faso - Kazianga, Harounan; Udry, Christopher (Journal of Development Economics, 2006)
This paper explores the extent of consumption smoothing between 1981 and 1985 in rural Burkina Faso. In particular, we examine the extent to which livestock, grain storage and inter-household transfers are used to smooth consumption against income risk. The survey coincided with a period of severe drought, so the results provide direct evidence on the effectiveness of these various insurance mechanisms when they are the most needed. We find evidence of little consumption smoothing. In particular, there is almost no risk sharing, and households rely almost exclusively on self-insurance in the form of adjustments to grain stocks to smooth out consumption. The outcome, however, is far from complete smoothing. Hence the main risk-coping strategies which are hypothesized in the literature (risk sharing and the use of assets as buffer stocks) were not effective during the survey period.
openalex: W3122547462 mag: 3122547462
Keywords: openalex:import

Consumption smoothing? Livestock, insurance and drought in rural Burkina Faso - Kazianga, Harounan; Udry, Christopher (Journal of Development Economics, 2006)
This paper explores the extent of consumption smoothing between 1981 and 1985 in rural Burkina Faso. In particular, we examine the extent to which livestock, grain storage and inter-household transfers are used to smooth consumption against income risk. The survey coincided with a period of severe drought, so the results provide direct evidence on the effectiveness of these various insurance mechanisms when they are the most needed. We find evidence of little consumption smoothing. In particular, there is almost no risk sharing, and households rely almost exclusively on self-insurance in the form of adjustments to grain stocks to smooth out consumption. The outcome, however, is far from complete smoothing. Hence the main risk-coping strategies which are hypothesized in the literature (risk sharing and the use of assets as buffer stocks) were not effective during the survey period.
openalex: W3122547462 mag: 3122547462
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Cameroon: Experiences from the University Teaching Hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon) - Kouam, L; Nsangou, I; Mbanya, Dora; Nkam, M; Kongnyuy, EJ; Ngassa, P; Tebeu, PM; Elobe, N; Ng, Kamgaing; Zekeng, Leo; Doh, AS (Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie, 2006)
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of nevirapine (NVP) in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTVT) of HIV-1 in children in the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon.This was a prospective and descriptive hospital-based study in which pre-counselled HIV-infected pregnant women who gave their consent were included. At the onset of labour a single dose of 200 mg oral NVP was administered to each woman. Their newborns were also given 2 mg/kg of oral NVP syrup within 72 hours of their birth. These NVP-treated babies were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months and between 15 and 18 months for viral load levels, using a branched DNA technology. Viral load levels were classified as undetectable (< 50 copies/ml); intermediate (50-3 500 cp/ml) or high (> 3 500 cp/ml).Of the 350 women screened for HIV 22 (6.3 %) were positive for HIV-1, but only 18 children were duly tested until 18 months. Viral load levels were undetectable at 6 weeks in 61.1 % of the children; intermediate in 38.9 % and no child had a high VL (> 3 500 cp/ml). At 6 months 5 of 7 children with intermediate levels had dropped to undetectable levels. By 15-18 months, a total of 16 children (88.9 %) had undetectable levels while 2 children (11.1 %) with detectable levels were confirmed to be HIV positive using ELISA test and immunoblot analysis.We conclude that the rate of HIV-1 MTCT with NVP is about 11 % in CHU Yaounde.
openalex: W1982418813 mag: 1982418813
Keywords: openalex:import

Dental specialist training in South Africa – demographic characteristics 1985-2004 - Lalloo, Ratilal; Naidoo, Saloshni; Myburah, N (journal of the South African Dental Association, 2006)
This short communication complements a recently published dental undergraduate analysis, and analyses the demographic profile of dental specialists trained from 1985-2004, as well as that of the registrars in training (in 2005). A total of 309 dental specialists were trained from 1985-2004, of these 86% were males and 74% White. Of the registrars, two-thirds are males and a quarter Black. The dental faculties and the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) face a significant challenge to find innovative ways to address these disparities, as well as the urban/rural and private/public sector maldistribution of dental specialists, and to develop a more rational basis for training dental specialists for the country. Dealing with these disparities should improve access to dental specialist care for the poor and rural populations.
openalex: W101170666 mag: 101170666
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges in management of childhood sensorineural hearing loss in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria - Lasisi, O.A.; Ayodele, Joseph; Ijaduola, G. T. A. (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2006)
The evaluation of a hearing-impaired child attempts to determine the aetiology, the degree of hearing loss and intervention to aid speech and language. This remains a challenge to practising otolaryngologists, especially in the developing countries as 85-90% of causes of hearing losses were never discovered leading to delayed intervention and irreversible effects. In a review of children presenting at the otolaryngology outpatient in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, sensorineural hearing loss was found in 103, giving a hospital prevalence rate of 14%, we still perceived this figure to be unrepresentatively and low, probably due to poor access to medicare, poverty and other factors. Genetic factor accounted for 25%, followed by measles infections 13% and meningitis 8%. About 60% of them had educationally significant hearing loss at presentation. Access to hearing aid was poor as only 12.5% of the patients could afford it and the rest were managed by deaf training. We conclude by suggesting an audiologic programme which has the comprehensive function of neonatal and infant hearing screening, subsidized hearing aid services and hearing rehabilitation surgery.
openalex: W1997553850 mag: 1997553850
Keywords: openalex:import

An audit of diagnostic cytology in a teaching hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria - Malami, SA; Ojo, BA (Sahel Medical Journal, 2006)
Background: An audit of the pattern of utilization of the diagnostic cytology service at UDUTH, Sokoto, was done to highlight perceived shortcomings and establish Its cost effectiveness. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive review of cytology tests done in 495 patients were evaluated. Results: These were principally fine needle aspirations (334) followed by voided urine (55), ascitic fluid taps (38) and others (68). Among the aspirations; breast and lymph node swellings predominated. There were no significant complications with fine needle aspiration (FNA) in our experience. The overall sensitivity of cytology for the five commonest sites in this study was 90.0% and the specificity was 77.3%. This is comparable with results obtained in previous studies. Conclusion: Diagnostic cytopathology is a useful adjunct to histology and could significantly improve the quality of patient care in our own environment. It is hoped that these simple investigations would be used more often In the future for the diagnosis of tumours and common inflammatory conditions.
openalex: W2740504861 mag: 2740504861
Keywords: openalex:import

Examining Productive Conceptions of Masculinities: Lessons Learned from Academically Driven African American Male Student-Athletes - Martin, Brandon; Harris, Frank (The Journal of Men's Studies, 2006)
Conceptions of masculinities among African American male student athletes are considered in this article. Grounded in the social constructivist perspective and guided by the phenomenological qualitative research tradition, individual interviews were conducted with 27 academically driven African American male student-athletes attending four Division I universities. Findings suggest that the participants embrace a wide range of productive gender-related attitudes and behaviors that are uncommon among male college student-athletes. Implications and recommendations are offered for coaches and university administrators charged with working with African American male student-athletes.
openalex: W2013976501 mag: 2013976501
Keywords: openalex:import

Research Management in Southern African Higher Learning Institutions - Mazonde, Isaac N. (The journal of research administration, 2006)
Abstract Contemporary Southern Africa is characterized by a lack of innovation system at the national level and a corresponding lack of research management in the national university. A consequence of this is that the region is not as yet positioned to harness science and technology for its economic development. This deficiency is the major factor contributing to the continuous lack of economic growth in the region despite the prevalence of natural resources such as minerals and other natural advantages like extensive coastlines. By contrast, the developed world has moved beyond science and technology development to innovation. The result is that these countries are increasing their national wealth through expanding their share of the global market for goods and services which derive from science and technology-based innovation. Using the innovation success achieved in the western world, especially by universities as a model, I attempt to point out where gaps exist in some countries of Southern Africa and how the sub-continent can arrange itself through research management to meet development challenges of the time. I have adopted a national perspective for argument in view of the fact that research management brings together the entire national system of innovation. Introduction Contemporary Southern Africa is characterized by a lack of innovation system at the national level and a corresponding lack of research management in the national university. A consequence of this is that the region is not as yet positioned to harness science and technology for its economic development. This deficiency is the major factor contributing to the continuous lack of economic growth in the region despite the prevalence of natural resources such as minerals and other natural advantages like extensive coastlines. By contrast, the developed world has moved beyond science and technology development to innovation. The result of this is that these countries are increasing their national wealth through expanding their share of the global market for goods and services which derive from science and technology based innovation. The developed countries have come a long way with technology-based development. They have satisfied the first pre-condition for technology transfer, which is to establish a strong science system. Next, technology development and technology transfer systems which are based on national economic needs and the global market are firmly in place. For technology development to occur, at least two things must come together: (1) social and physical infrastructure or human resources and (2) the machines. The developed world has all of that. However, a major requirement is the presence of a political will that should manifest itself through an overarching framework of a national research and an innovation strategy that largely works to implement the national science and technology (S&T) policy. Again, this exists in the developed world. The technology transfer system does have underlying dynamics which need to be understood if expectations from investment must be realistic. These underlying dynamics include the likely size of returns, time taken to generate a positive return, and the variability of outcome. Through successful harnessing of these, the developed world continues to increase its economic strength. Using the innovation success achieved in the western world, especially by universities, I attempt to point out where gaps exist in some countries of Southern Africa and how the sub-continent can arrange itself through research management to meet development challenges of the time. I have adopted a national perspective for argument in view of the fact that research management brings together the science system, the technological set up and the government, especially for funding innovation. Political will is necessary in order for the nation to mobilize adequate funding that is required to set up and implement a functional innovation system which would be the engine of economic growth. …
openalex: W1601757521 mag: 1601757521
Keywords: openalex:import

A Framework for Heritage, Multiculturalism and Citizenship Education: Seminar Papers and Proceedings, April 15 -17, 2002, Johannesburg, South Africa - McBean, Bridget (2006)
openalex: W243022841 mag: 243022841
Keywords: openalex:import

The Need for Integration of Technology in K-12 School Settings in Kenya, Africa. - Momanyi, Lilian Moragwa; Norby, RenaFaye; Strand, Sharon (2006)
openalex: W1587846788 mag: 1587846788
Keywords: openalex:import

University Students in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude toward Sickle Cell Disease, and Genetic Counseling before Marriage - Moronkola, O. A.; Fadairo, R. A. (The International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 2006)
Sickle cell disease is an inherited debilitating and traumatic disease with severe morbidity and mortality among people of African descent. Children with sickle cell disease have difficulty in coping with school work due to their health conditions. In this cross-sectional survey of University of Ibadan Christian Pentecostal students, a majority of study respondents (63.6%) knew their AA genotype, had a high knowledge level of sickle cell disease, knew the benefits of genetic counseling, and had a positive attitude toward sickle cell disease and genetic counseling. More education about sickle cell disease and access to genetic counseling, especially for students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa, is recommended.
openalex: W2045987342 mag: 2045987342
Keywords: openalex:import

Pattern and multiple drug resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infection at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. - Mulu, Andargachew; Moges, Feleke; Tessema, Belay; Kassu, Afework (PubMed, 2006)
Antibiotics resistance among bacteria is a worldwide problem. The situation in developing countries like Ethiopia is particularly serious. Since the presence of drug resistant bacteria in the environment are threat for public health, up-to-date information on local pathogens and drug sensitivity pattern is very crucial to treat patients. The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of bacterial pathogens from wound infection and their susceptibility to common antibiotics.This laboratory based retrospective study of 151 wound swabs and sensitivity tests was conducted in Bacteriology Laboratory of the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. The samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques as part of the routine clinical management of the patient. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done on pure culture isolates employing disc-diffusion method for the commonly used antibiotics.Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 79 patients showing an isolation rate of 52%. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species 65% (51/79) followed by Escherichia coli, 8/79 (10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 9% (7/79), Proteus species 4% (3/79) and Streptococci species 4% (3/7). Among Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus showed high level of drug resistance against penicillin 59% (30/51), tetracycline 57% (29/51), ampicillin 55% (28/51) and co-trimoxazole 35% (18/51). E. coli was found to be resistant to ampicillin in 87% (7/8), tetracycline also in 87% (7/8) and co-trimoxazole 63% (5/8). The over all multiple drug resistance patterns were found to be 78.5%.The frequency of single as well as multiple drug resistance is alarmingly high. This might be a reflection of inappropriate use of antimicrobials, lack of diagnostic laboratory services or unavailability of guideline regarding the selection of drugs. Thus, rational use of drugs should be practiced.
openalex: W199065848 mag: 199065848
Keywords: openalex:import

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING MODEL FOR PEER LEARNING FACILITATORS IN ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN ZAMBIA - Munalula-Nkandu, Esther (2006)
openalex: W2140209109 mag: 2140209109
Keywords: openalex:import

Translator Training: The On-Going Search for Relevance and Appropriateness in Anglophone Africa - Muthwii, Margaret Jepkirui (The Bible translator (2013. Print), 2006)
openalex: W2316821080 mag: 2316821080
Keywords: openalex:import

A Pervasive Apartheid? An Analysis of Changing Higher Education in South Africa and its Relationship with the State - Netswera, Fulufhelo; Mathabe, Neo R. (Journal of Educational Administration and History, 2006)
(2006). A Pervasive Apartheid? An Analysis of Changing Higher Education in South Africa and its Relationship with the State. Journal of Educational Administration and History: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 29-40.
openalex: W1992864528 mag: 1992864528
Keywords: openalex:import

Spatial and temporal distribution of microbially induced sedimentary structures: A case study from siliciclastic storm deposits of the 2.9Ga Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa - Noffke, Nora; Beukes, N. J.; Gutzmer, Jens; Hazen, Robert M. (Precambrian Research, 2006)
Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) arise from the interaction of microbial mats with the physical sedimentary dynamics of shallow-marine settings. The structures occur in siliciclastic deposits of Paleo-Archean age to modern, where they record biostabilization and baffling, trapping and binding of photoautotrophic microbenthos. In the Brixton Formation, Witwatersrand Supergroup, South Africa, erosional remnants and pockets, wrinkle structures, and oscillation cracks include carbon- and pyrite-rich filament-like textures that resemble modern trichomes of cyanobacteria. C-isotope ratios of −22 ± 0.1‰ indicate potential photoautotrophy. The MISS occur at the turning points of regression–transgression, and are restricted to a specific sedimentary facies characterized by 2–20 cm thick fine sandstone beds predominantly composed of quartz. The sandstone beds display ripple marks, which record moderate hydraulic reworking. This spatial and temporal distribution of MISS in the Brixton Formation is consistent with occurrences of those structures in comparable environments throughout Earth history.
openalex: W2109693552 mag: 2109693552
Keywords: openalex:import

Anaesthesia for uterine rupture in a Nigerian teaching hospital: maternal and fetal outcome - Okafor, Ugochukwu Vincent; Aniebue, UU (International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, 2006)
An observational retrospective study was conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria to determine the outcome for patients with rupture of the gravid uterus who had anaesthesia for laparotomy over a four-year period, July 2000 to June 2004.The hospital records (case files, labour ward and theatre records) of patients over a four-year period with rupture of the uterus were reviewed.A total of 2707 deliveries took place at UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. There were 2556 live births (94.8% of deliveries) and 714 (26.4%) caesarean deliveries. Twenty-three cases of uterine rupture occurred, giving a prevalence of 8.5/1000 deliveries. In nine patents (39.1%) the uterus was already scarred. The patients' mean age was 30.2 years. No nulliparous patients suffered ruptured uterus. General anaesthesia with muscle relaxants was administered to all patients. Twenty-two patients (95.6%) received blood transfusions. All the patients received normal saline and one patient also received Haemacel. Five (21.7%) patients had preoperative hypotension and two (8.6%) had intraoperative hypotension. There was one maternal death which occurred three days after the cesarean section. Twenty-three (96.3%) fetal deaths, including the loss of a set of twins, were recorded. Fetal deaths from ruptured uterus represented 32.4% of all fetal loss following caesarean section during the study period. There were no neonatal deaths.Rupture of the gravid uterus presents the anaesthetist with the unique challenge of maintaining haemodynamic status before haemostasis is secured, often with the patient in shock. Choice of anaesthetic drugs and availability of blood are important, as well as the skill and experience of the anaesthetist. The maternal mortality rates in other West African studies reviewed were generally higher than those in this series. The maternal outcome re-emphasises the vital role of prompt intervention and availability of blood in reducing maternal mortality following rupture of the uterus.
openalex: W2145406413 mag: 2145406413
Keywords: openalex:import

A Content Analysis of Health and Physical Activity Messages Marketed to African American Children During After-School Television Programming - Outley, Corliss; Taddese, Abdissa (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2006)
Objective To examine the number of food advertisements African American children are exposed to during children's television programming aired on predominantly African American and general television stations. Design A content analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the health-related content (HRC) and physical activity–related content (PARC) of food advertisements shown during children's television programming. Setting Three sets of television advertisements from 3 stations (Black Entertainment Television, The WB [Warner Bros], and Disney Channel) served as the sample during a 1-week period in July 2005 (July 11-15), from 3PMto 9PM. Results In total, 1098 advertisements were recorded, with 256 food and beverage commercials used for this study. Results indicate that 36.3% of all commercials were based on fast food restaurants, 31.3% were for drinks, 16.8% were for candy, 13.7% were for cereals, and 2.0% were for snacks (percentages do not total 100 because of rounding). Compared with The WB and Disney Channel, Black Entertainment Television had significantly (P=.001) more food and beverage advertisements. Few HRC or PARC advertisements were shown. Of 256 food and beverage commercials, only 8.2% contained HRC and 9.4% had PARC. Also, the HRC and PARC scenes contained messages that were implied vs explicitly talking about the health or physical benefits of the product. Conclusions African American children are overexposed to numerous types of food and beverage advertisements. These advertisements do not provide an adequate level of positive HRC and PARC messages. Consequently, the messages that are portrayed may undermine efforts to teach African American children about the importance of healthy living and physical activity.
openalex: W2156124196 mag: 2156124196
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning To Compete: Institutions, Technology and Enterprise in Africa - Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, Banji (2006)
This book examines the institutional roots of the persistent differences in economic performance of firms, industries and countries in Africa. It draws attention to the role of institutions in supporting technical change and shows how technological progress is central to competitiveness in a global context. The role of initial conditions such as levels of literacy and natural endowment, the structure of industry and resource endowment are also emphasized. With its focus on how institutions shape systems of innovation this book makes a unique contribution to the debate about African development.
openalex: W2609758932 mag: 2609758932
Keywords: openalex:import

Adolescent Friendships and School Experiences: Perspectives of African Nova Scotian Youth - Paris-Bonenfant, Karrela (2006)
openalex: W2996811120 mag: 2996811120
Keywords: openalex:import

A student union for a new South Africa - Pityana, N. Barney (2006)
openalex: W169381705 mag: 169381705
Keywords: openalex:import

Contributions of world vision Ghana in support of basic education in rural Ghana: A case study of the Twifo Hemang Lower Denkyira District - Quaicoo, John Barnett (2006)
openalex: W2924882947 mag: 2924882947
Keywords: openalex:import

Traditional/Indigenous African Education: Any lessons for the Western Education System? - Quan-Baffour, Kofi Poku (2006)
openalex: W1899148872 mag: 1899148872
Keywords: openalex:import

Strengthening ‘Folk Ecology’: Community-Based Learning for Integrated Soil Fertility Management, Western Kenya - Ramisch, Joshua J.; Misiko, Michael; Ekise, Isaac E.; Mukalama, John (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
openalex: W3124767150 mag: 3124767150
Keywords: openalex:import

[W135 meningococcus meningitis: study of 148 cases observed in 2002 and 2003 at the National Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. - Sanou, Idrissa; Ouedrago-Traore, R; Ga, Ki-Zerbo; Bicaba, I; Kam, Ludovic; Sangaré, Lassana; Thiombiano, R.; Sm, Tiendrebeogo; Sanou, S; Dabal, M (PubMed, 2006)
The purpose of this report is to describe the bacteriological features, clinical signs and therapeutic outcome of 148 cases of W135 meningococcus meningitis observed during meningitis outbreaks in Burkina Faso in 2002 and 2003. Diagnosis was based on microbiological study of cerebrospinal fluid. Cases of meningococcus meningitis were recorded throughout the study period with the peak number of cases occurring around the 14th week. There was a slight male predominance (56.1%) and young patients between one and 15 years accounted for 81.7% of cases. The mean interval between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 2.6 days and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.5 days. The most common clinical signs were fever (98.6%), stiff neck (90.5%),Brudzinski's sign (85.1%),Kernig's sign (66.2%), altered consciousness (41.9%), vomiting (36.5%) and headaches (34.5%). In most cases treatment with a singie dose of chiorazuphenicol in oil was curative. Overall mortality was 15.5% idth no correlation with sex or age. Seventeen of the 23 deaths occurred within 24 hours after their admission to the hospital. The other six deaths occurred on the second day after admission inS cases and fifth day in one case. Convulsions, shock and altered consciousness were consistent poor prognostic signs. A correlation was found between mortality and interval for hospitalization with better survival in patients receiving prompt treatment. Study of the susceptibility of 102 samples showed that W135 meningococcus was sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin,ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol but resistant to sulfamides (cotrimoxazole). Bacterial meningitis is an Important factor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our findings indicate that the bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of W135 meningococcus is do not differ greatly from those of meningococcus A. Since W135 meningitis is susceptible to antibiotics used to cure meningitis, campaigns to promote early detection and treatment must be continued.
openalex: W2417865370 mag: 2417865370
Keywords: openalex:import

Neogene climate change and emergence of C4 grasses in the Namib, southwestern Africa, as reflected in ratite 13C and 18O - Ségalen, Loïc; Renard, Maurice; Lee‐Thorp, Julia A.; Emmanuel, Laurent; Callonnec, Laurence Le; Rafélis, Marc de; Sénut, Brigitte; Pickford, Martin; Mélice, Jean‐Luc (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006)
Stable light isotopes in ratite eggshells have been shown to be reliable indicators of shifts in climate and environmental conditions in the past. Here, we show that δ18O and δ13C values in fossil and modern ratite eggshells collected in the aeolianite deposits of the southern and central Namib Desert track regional distinctions and global climate shifts throughout the Neogene. δ18O values, although variable, are consistently higher in the central compared to the southern Namib throughout the record. δ18O trends during the Miocene differ for the two regions, but track each other post-Miocene. Throughout the Miocene, δ13C values for ratite eggshells from both the central and southern Namib regions are indistinguishable showing that the flora remained C3 throughout. The overall negative (− 3‰) shift in mean values for Miocene biostratigraphic zones is consistent with the response of C3 photosynthesis to pCO2 shifts from 180 to 320 ppmv as estimated from marine alkenone studies and/or evolution of the δ13C of the atmospheric CO2. Evidence for C4 plants occurs post-Miocene, with the development of the southern, winter rainfall and central/northern, summer rainfall zonation apparent today. These data provide independent corroboration that the expansion of C4-dominated ecosystems after ∼ 7 Ma cannot be attributed to a reduction of pCO2 below a 500 ppmv threshold, as earlier proposed. Proliferation of C4 plants in the Namib after ∼ 5 Ma and, elsewhere, may be related rather to energy budgets and rainfall seasonality shifts resulting from large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation reorganisation.
openalex: W2144898367 mag: 2144898367
Keywords: openalex:import

THE MOLECULAR CHANGES OF HEPATOCYTES IN TILAPIA ZILLH UNDER THE EFFECT OF THE AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION IN THE RIVER NILE, EGYPT - Sharaf-Eldeen, Khalid M.; El-Ezabi, Magda M.; Al-Bohaissi, Amani M. (Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2006)
T iver specimens were taken from seventy fish of, Tilapia zillii9 living -■—'in three different localities in Qalyobya govemorate; unpolluted, agricultural-polluted and industrial-polluted waters of the River Nile. Water analysis was carried out to evaluate the heavy metals in these tested localities. Polymorphism of liver proteins was revealed by SDSPAGE electrophoresis. Also, DNA damage was detected by counting the fragmentation percent. Results showed that the measured heavy metals were higher in the agricultural and industrial localities than in control; and sometimes exceeded the permissible concentrations. Fractions of liver proteins showed disappearance and polymorphism in the fish especially that was very close to the outlets of agricultural and industrial drainage water. Additionally, both agricultural and industrial pollution caused an increase in the percentage of DNA fragmentation, however the impact of industrial pollution was higher than that of agricultural pollution, The study suggested that there is clear molecular changes in T. zillii; this declares the use of these molecular parameters in diagnosing pollution.
openalex: W2189108175 mag: 2189108175
Keywords: openalex:import

Performance of African American Preschool and Kindergarten Students on the Expressive Vocabulary Test - Thomas-Tate, Shurita; Washington, Julie A.; Craig, Holly K.; Packard, Mary J. (Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 2006)
To examine the validity of the Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT; K. Williams, 1997) for assessing the expressive vocabulary skills of African American students.One hundred sixty-five African American preschool and kindergarten students were administered the EVT. The mean EVT score for these African American students was 96.44 (SD = 11.42), which is not appreciably lower than the standardized mean of 100 (SD=15).Scores were normally distributed, indicating that the EVT is culturally fair and appropriate for use with some African American preschool and kindergarten children as part of an early screening battery. The importance of culturally fair vocabulary measures is discussed relative to this population.
openalex: W2116133046 mag: 2116133046
Keywords: openalex:import

Diachronous evolution of volcano-sedimentary basins north of the Congo craton: Insights from U–Pb ion microprobe dating of zircons from the Poli, Lom and Yaoundé Groups (Cameroon) - Toteu, S.F.; Pénaye, Joseph; Deloule, Étienne; Schmus, W. R. Van; Tchameni, Rigobert (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2006)
Ion microprobe U–Pb dating of zircons from Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences in Cameroon north of the Congo craton is presented. For the Poli basin, the depositional age is constrained between 700–665 Ma; detrital sources comprise ca. 920, 830, 780 and 736 Ma magmatic zircons. In the Lom basin, the depositional age is constrained between 613 and 600 Ma, and detrital sources include Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic, late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic (1100–950 Ma), and Neoproterozoic (735, 644 and 613 Ma) zircons. The Yaoundé Group is probably younger than 625 Ma, and detrital sources include Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic zircons. The depositional age of the Mahan metavolcano-sedimentary sequence is post-820 Ma, and detrital sources include late Mesoproterozoic (1070 Ma) and early Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks (824 Ma). The following conclusions can be made from these data. (1) The three basins evolved during the Pan-African event but are significantly different in age and tectonic setting; the Poli is a pre- to syn-collisional basin developed upon, or in the vicinity of young magmatic arcs; the Lom basin is post-collisional and intracontinental and developed on old crust; the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Yaoundé Group resulted from rapid tectonic burial and subsequent collision between the Congo craton and the Adamawa–Yade block. (2) Late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic inheritance reflects the presence of magmatic event(s) of this age in west–central Africa.
openalex: W2092720542 mag: 2092720542
Keywords: openalex:import

Technology supported collaborative learning for higher education: Comparative case studies in Tanzania - Vreede, Gert-Jan de; Mgaya, R.J.S. (Information Technology for Development, 2006)
To learn, a person has to be able to communicate effectively with others about the knowledge to be learned. Communication processes in classrooms can be supported by Group Support Systems (GSS), that enable students to communicate anonymously and in parallel. Group Support Systems experiences suggest that the technology increases observed learning, self-reported learning, on-task participation, and satisfaction with the learning experience. The authors discuss case studies from higher education in Tanzania. The particular benefit of GSS in this environment was threefold: First, it encouraged meaningful interaction among students and between students and teachers. Local culture normally hinders this. Second, it allowed all participants to discuss sensitive topics freely. Finally, it exposed students to collaborative technologies that are expected to play a pivotal role in (global) collaborative development activities. Clearly, the use of collaborative technologies enables the participation of a broader range of students.
openalex: W1972547845 mag: 1972547845
Keywords: openalex:import

Translator Training in Africa: Is There a Better Way of Teaching and Learning? - Wendland, Ernst R. (The Bible Translator, 2006)
openalex: W2315511428 mag: 2315511428
Keywords: openalex:import

Institution-Based Translator Training in Lusophone Africa: The Dawning of a New Day - Yorke, Gosnell L. (The Bible Translator, 2006)
openalex: W2322875414 mag: 2322875414
Keywords: openalex:import

Training for Francophone Translators in Africa - Zogbo, Lynell (The Bible Translator, 2006)
openalex: W2318510531 mag: 2318510531
Keywords: openalex:import

Socio-cultural factors and school engagement : A study among Turkish, Moroccan, Assyrian and native Dutch youth in the Netherlands - Andriessen, Iris (2006)
This dissertation focuses on the impact of socio-cultural factors on school engagement of minority students in Dutch secondary schools. This question was raised because studies that focus on the impact of structural or institutional factors were often left with an 'ethnic residual'. This ethnic factor is often post-hoc related to socio-cultural factors without a solid explanation of how such factors impact on school engagement. This dissertation aimed at filling this gap by focusing on the impact of socio-cultural factors, while controlling for relevant structural and institutional variables. Socio-cultural factors refer to a combination of social factors (the degree and quality of social interaction between minorities and natives, Van Tubergen, 2004) and cultural factors (ethnic identification, acculturation orientations and personal goals, Sackman, 2003). It was shown that acculturation orientations stimulate educational progress, if they are matched with the prevailing context. In contexts favoring the ethnic culture, such as at home, some degree of dissociation from the host culture yields positive results on educational progress; whereas in contexts favoring the dominant Dutch culture (e.g. school) a strategy of culture adoption, combined with culture maintenance is most adaptive. This means that successful students are able to switch between contexts. The findings on the role of acculturation orientations were extended by investigating acculturation as an interactive phenomenon. A new and most parsimonious twofold typology of interethnic relations combining acculturation orientations of minorities with perceived discrimination and acceptance by the host society was successfully validated. Adolescents in the separation type prefer the ethnic culture to the majority culture in the school context and perceive low acceptance, while those in the integration type prefer the ethnic culture less and the host culture more in the context of school and perceive high acceptance. Adolescents in the separation type identify themselves more with the ethnic group and have a larger preference for contact with peers of the same ethnic background. Moreover, the most adaptive integration type successfully predicts students' learning strategies, but not their task motivation and current track positions. Lastly, the personal goals of autonomy and conformity impact on motivated learning through individual and social achievement goals. Social achievement goals refer to motivation for academic tasks with the aim of obtaining approval and recognition from important others (Blumenfeld, 1992; Hamilton Blumenfeld, Akoh & Miura, 1989; Urdan & Maehr, 1995). In the existing literature on social goals it was suggested that especially non-western and ethnic minority students would be motivated by social goals, because they provide an opportunity to fulfil expected social obligations to family and authority figures (Iyengar & Lepper, 1999). Our study showed that western students can also be motivated by social goals. Across cultures, students who value autonomy are motivated by individual reasons to achieve. Conformity-oriented students are motivated by social goals, but also by individual goals. Hence, autonomy and conformity-oriented students' school engagement is mediated by distinct individual and social achievement goals. This shows how personal goals that are often related to cross-cultural differences affect motivated learning in the classroom.
openalex: W2136922705 mag: 2136922705
Keywords: openalex:import

Green manufacturing/Cleaner Production in Zimbabwe: Learning from Japanese Experiences - Charles, Mbohwa (2006)
Paper presented to the Africa Japan Forum February Session on 16th February 2002.,This paper discusses environmental issues in Africa and deals with the situation in Zimbabwe in more detail. Most people in Sub Saharan Africa live in the rural areas and make a living from agriculture and forest resources. In Zimbabwe, coal is the main source of energy in industry and in electricity production. Environmental management and green manufacturing (cleaner production) initiatives in the country have been limited. Three companies had been certified to ISO 14000 by June 1990. Green manufacturing assessments have been done in more than 80 companies. Cogeneration potential in steam using industry is high and a mini case studies of the sugar industries in Reunion, Mauritius and Zimbabwe show that 5% (517 GWh) of Zimbabwe`s electricity needs can be supplied by this sector. Ethanol is another viable by-product in the sugar industry. Pertinent legislation is necessary and Japanese examples are given. Lessons from NEC Corporation in the use of information technology are given as well as aspects that can be adapted from the experiences of Toyota Motor Corporation in a variety of areas.
openalex: W2241947329 mag: 2241947329
Keywords: openalex:import

Co-existing symptoms and risk factors among African school children with hyperactivity-inattention symptoms in Kinshasa, Congo - Kashala, Espérance; Lundervold, Astri J.; Sommerfelt, Kristian; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Elgen, Irene Bircow (European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2006)
openalex: W1975381635 mag: 1975381635
Keywords: openalex:import

Changes in Surface Water Supply Across Africa with Predicted Climate Change - Wit, Maarten de; Stankiewicz, Jacek (Science, 2006)
Across Africa, perennial drainage density as a function of mean annual rainfall defines three regimes separated by threshold values of precipitation. This nonlinear response of drainage to rainfall will most seriously affect regions in the intermediate, unstable regime. A 10% decrease in precipitation in regions on the upper regime boundary (1000 millimeters per year) would reduce drainage by 17%, whereas in regions receiving 500 millimeters per year, such a drop would cut 50% of surface drainage. By using predicted precipitation changes, we calculate that a decrease in perennial drainage will significantly affect present surface water access across 25% of Africa by the end of this century.
openalex: W2108603985 mag: 2108603985
Keywords: openalex:import

Changes in Surface Water Supply Across Africa with Predicted Climate Change - Wit, Maarten de; Stankiewicz, Jacek (Science, 2006)
Across Africa, perennial drainage density as a function of mean annual rainfall defines three regimes separated by threshold values of precipitation. This nonlinear response of drainage to rainfall will most seriously affect regions in the intermediate, unstable regime. A 10% decrease in precipitation in regions on the upper regime boundary (1000 millimeters per year) would reduce drainage by 17%, whereas in regions receiving 500 millimeters per year, such a drop would cut 50% of surface drainage. By using predicted precipitation changes, we calculate that a decrease in perennial drainage will significantly affect present surface water access across 25% of Africa by the end of this century.
openalex: W2108603985 mag: 2108603985
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

The biography of "access" as an expression of human rights in South African education policies - Gamede, Thobekile (2006)
openalex: W14586164 mag: 14586164
Keywords: openalex:import

THE IMPACT OF HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ON THE ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS - Kim, Mikyong Minsun; Conrad, Clifton F. (Research in Higher Education, 2006)
openalex: W2100850131 mag: 2100850131
Keywords: openalex:import

Production, Dissemination and Utilization of Disability Statistics in Uganda - Namirembe-Nviiri, Helen (2006)
It is generally difficult for the government to come up with any meaningful programs for persons with disabilities (PWDs) unless statistics to that effect have been made available. Disability Statistics in Uganda is one of those areas of social statistics which has been growing at a slow pace in the past compared to other socioeconomic indicators, but now is an area of growing concern and picking up steadily. Censuses have remained the major data providers for disability statistics and the first of which was the 1991 census. The 2002 census similarly collected information on PWDs, and this information is to be widely disseminated at national and lower levels. Both censuses were conducted by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). UBOS has collected similar but a little more detailed information on disability using two household surveys.However for effective program design, implementation and resource allocation for PWDs, a lot needs to be done in terms of harmonizing the concepts on disability with the International Classification of Functional Disability and Health (ICF). The power of the census results is that it provides data to the lowest administrative level. Conducting a fully fledged national survey for PWDs will provide adequate baseline data for meaningful purposes and priority issues for government and other users.This report provides information on the various sources of disability data and how concepts are defined by each institution. It highlights the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Education and Sports (Annual School Census and the Department for Special Needs), Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (Community-Based Rehabilitation Program) and the Ministry of Health as data collecting institutions. It is noted that each institution use different concepts and methodology for data collection. Engaging both users and producers in the disability data production process, encouraging regular dialogue and establishing collaborative arrangements with local and international research institutions are avenues for utilizing the scarce resources for the development of disability statistics. The focus and direction of the development of disability statistics in Uganda calls for a sustained system of monitoring intervention that government and other development partners have to put in place.The issues raised in this report will facilitate the process of harmonisation of concepts and definitions used while collecting disability data. It is noted that except for the Community-Based Rehabilitation Information pilot system under the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, there is little or no use at all of the ICF. The pilot system is ongoing and is expected to expand to other districts. It is hoped that this will enrich the process of harmonizing concepts with the Integrated Community-Based Rehabilitation Information System to provide meaningful results. The process of coordination is hereby called for.
openalex: W2479918285 mag: 2479918285
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessing South-North Virtual Student Team Learning Outcomes: A Seven-Year Learning Collaboratory Between South Africa and the United States - Cogburn, Derrick L.; Levinson, Nanette S. (2006)
openalex: W2285504613 mag: 2285504613
Keywords: openalex:import

Trends and Triggers: Climate Change and Predictive Models of Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa - Hendrix, Cullen S.; Glaser, Sarah M. (2006)
openalex: W284443655 mag: 284443655
Keywords: openalex:import

African-Centered Education: An Approach to Schooling for Social Justice for African American Students. - Marks, Jay B.; Tonso, Karen L. (Education 3-13, 2006)
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to investigate the effect that public schooling has on the of African Americans, and to argue for the implementation of African-centered curriculum and instruction for African American students. This investigation will begin by examining culturally deprived educations offered to African American students in public schools, and how this education, or lack thereof, has served to perpetuate the of this population of students. According to Michael Porter (1997, p. iv), America's educational system promotes a system-maintaining curriculum, which virtually guarantees the oppressed remain oppressed and the oppressors remain oppressors. The oppressors that Porter speaks of in this context are elite Whites who all but dictate public education in this country, and among the oppressed are African American students who are subjected to such a dictatorship. Additionally, an analysis of the melting-pot theory will be conducted to determine how a mono-cultural theory has contributed to the proliferation and maintenance of racism and of African American students in contemporary public education. Secondly, in establishing the case for the employment of African-centered curriculum and instruction for educating African American students, this work will lay out a theory of social justice (equal educational opportunity) appropriate to modern public educational practices used with African American students. We rely heavily on the work of Kenneth Howe and Amy Gutmann whose theories critique the current social order and suggest ways to promote social justice in education for all of America's children. In particular, their call for a strong form of participation will serve as the impetus behind the justification for an African-centered education for African American students. Third and finally, this paper will examine the theory of African-centered education as a plausible and necessary solution to combat the existing miseducation of African American students. Here, the concept of African-centered education will be explained to provide the reader with insights into the tenets of what to many may seem a controversial approach to educating African American children. OPPRESSION AND MELTING POT THEORIES First and foremost, we hope to diminish in public education. The term oppression has been used to describe the education of African American students in the public sector. We borrow Iris Marion Young's (1990) five forms of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. According to Kenneth Howe (1997, p. 70): Exploitation, marginalization, and powerlessness are forms of associated with different effects of the economic system; cultural imperialism is a form of associated with the imposition of the cultural meanings of the dominant group on all groups; and violence is a form of associated with the attitudes and practices that cultural imperialism sanctions. This essay will examine two ways in which the American public education system functions as an oppressor of African American students: promoting assimilation and melting-pot values (cultural imperialism) and the annihilation of social justice by providing students with unequal educational opportunities, especially unequal educational outcomes (marginalization and powerlessness). Cultural imperialism is used in the education of African Americans students as a form of to perpetuate cultural assimilation and authority. The melting-pot theory posited by proponents like Hirsch, Schlesinger, and Ravitch encourages the assimilation of minority groups into the majority or dominant group and is antithetical to an African-centered approach. For instance, Arthur Schlesinger charges that African-centered education is un-American and promotes the teaching of inaccurate history and distorted facts from a different cultural viewpoint (Kenyatta, 1998, p. …
openalex: W101040384 mag: 101040384
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessment of Teachers' Perception of Instructional Media Use in Colleges of Education in Southern Nigeria. - Ogiegbaen, S. E. Aduwa (International journal of instructional media, 2006)
openalex: W122901858 mag: 122901858
Keywords: openalex:import

Student teachers' knowledge and understanding of algebraic concepts: The case of colleges of education in the Eastern Cape and southern Kwazulu Natal, South Africa - Osei, Christian Mensah (2006)
openalex: W1743467381 mag: 1743467381
Keywords: openalex:import

An Assessment of Teachers' Attitude towards Teaching Profession in Midwestern Nigeria. - Osunde, A. U.; Izevbigie, T. I. (Education 3-13, 2006)
INTRODUCTION Recent events in Nigeria show that the traditional respect and prestige enjoyed by teachers in the society have been eroded quite considerably (Awanbor, 1996) and indeed, loss of interest and attraction to the teaching profession. Consequently, this sordid situation occasioned by low enrolment of teachers in preparation institutions has become a source of worry to teacher trainers. Awanbor (1996) reported that some teacher-trainees in the college of Education did not appear to be particularly enthused by the training goal of teaching as they indicated that the teaching profession was really not an attractive profession to them. Recently, it was revealed that of the more than 700,000 candidates processed by the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB) for admission into the various universities courses, only about 10,000 (0.0147%) applied to education, yet we need teachers to teach the far more than 20 million children in the Nigerian school system (Awanbor, 1999). According to Nwaokolo (1993) the cause of this problem is traceable to the low status accorded the Nigerian teacher by the Nigerian public. In a study by Taiwo (1980), he observed that the teaching profession had gone down on the scale of respectability and that was causing a number of teachers to drift into more respectable forms of employment. In another development., Omoregie in 1994 reports that the attrition rate of teachers, particularly secondary school teachers is attributable to the general poor attitude to the teaching profession. Similarly, Ojo (1971) stated that the university graduates who form the bulk of the teaching staff in the post-primary institutions were leaving the profession at an alarming rate. Nwangwu (1997) observed that the crisis in Nigerian education system is traceable to lack of interest and low morale due to poor social status. Equally more problematic, according to Nwaokolo (1998 & 1999) was the tact that teachers themselves were experiencing low morale and poor self-esteem. Afe (1998) opines that the standing of the teaching profession is affected by the social background, adding that the low status constitutes a problem in recruiting competent hands into the profession. Therefore, one of the challenges facing the profession and teaching after 2000 AD is to raise the status of the profession. The teacher, as noted by Awanbor (1998) has become a shadow of himself having lost out in professional competence and social regards. The difficulty in recruiting and training teachers has been traced to the low status accorded the Nigerian teachers and apparent loss of interest and attraction of the profession. Nwaokolo (1993) broadly categorized the factors responsibly for the low status to include poor conditions of services, teachers' negative personal and professional behaviors, teaching occupation's semi-professional status, and wider society negative influence. Therefore, the present study sought to obtain empirical evidence on the status of teachers and the teaching profession in Nigeria and propose way to enhance the image of the Nigerian teacher and the profession. Methodology The study employed a simple survey method to gather data on teachers' attitude towards teaching profession. The target group for this study comprised 400 post primary school teachers randomly drawn from 40 post primary schools in Midwestern Nigeria. From each post primary school, 10 teachers were selected through simple random sampling procedure. Thus a total of 400 post primary school teachers constituted the research sample for the study. Instrument The major instrument for data collection was the Teacher's Attitude Questionnaire (TAQ) developed by the researchers. The instrument sought teacher's general attitude towards teaching and rating of factors responsible for teacher's low status. Data/responses collected were analyzed using mean response and rank order. …
openalex: W201347412 mag: 201347412
Keywords: openalex:import

Inclusive Practice in South Africa: A Deaf Education Perspective - Peel, Emma Louise (2006)
openalex: W129795621 mag: 129795621
Keywords: openalex:import

Consensus between GCM climate change projections with empirical downscaling: precipitation downscaling over South Africa - Hewitson, Bruce; Crane, Robert G. (International Journal of Climatology, 2006)
Abstract This paper discusses issues that surround the development of empirical downscaling techniques as context for presenting a new approach based on self‐organizing maps (SOMs). The technique is applied to the downscaling of daily precipitation over South Africa. SOMs are used to characterize the state of the atmosphere on a localized domain surrounding each target location on the basis of NCEP 6‐hourly reanalysis data from 1979 to 2002, and using surface and 700‐hPa u and v wind vectors, specific and relative humidities, and surface temperature. Each unique atmospheric state is associated with an observed precipitation probability density function (PDF). Future climate states are derived from three global climate models (GCMs): HadAM3, ECHAM4.5, CSIRO Mk2. In each case, the GCM data are mapped to the NCEP SOMs for each target location and a precipitation value is drawn at random from the associated precipitation PDF. The downscaling approach combines the advantages of a direct transfer function and a stochastic weather generator, and provides an indication of the strength of the regional versus stochastic forcing, as well as a measure of stationarity in the atmosphere–precipitation relationship. The methodology is applied to South Africa. The downscaling reveals a similarity in the projected climate change between the models. Each GCM projects similar changes in atmospheric state and they converge on a downscaled solution that points to increased summer rainfall in the interior and the eastern part of the country, and a decrease in winter rainfall in the Western Cape. The actual GCM precipitation projections from the three models show large areas of intermodel disagreement, suggesting that the model differences may be due to their precipitation parameterization schemes, rather than to basic disagreements in their projections of the changing atmospheric state over South Africa. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
openalex: W2123058372 mag: 2123058372
Keywords: openalex:import

Consensus between GCM climate change projections with empirical downscaling: precipitation downscaling over South Africa - Hewitson, Bruce; Crane, Robert G. (International Journal of Climatology, 2006)
Abstract This paper discusses issues that surround the development of empirical downscaling techniques as context for presenting a new approach based on self‐organizing maps (SOMs). The technique is applied to the downscaling of daily precipitation over South Africa. SOMs are used to characterize the state of the atmosphere on a localized domain surrounding each target location on the basis of NCEP 6‐hourly reanalysis data from 1979 to 2002, and using surface and 700‐hPa u and v wind vectors, specific and relative humidities, and surface temperature. Each unique atmospheric state is associated with an observed precipitation probability density function (PDF). Future climate states are derived from three global climate models (GCMs): HadAM3, ECHAM4.5, CSIRO Mk2. In each case, the GCM data are mapped to the NCEP SOMs for each target location and a precipitation value is drawn at random from the associated precipitation PDF. The downscaling approach combines the advantages of a direct transfer function and a stochastic weather generator, and provides an indication of the strength of the regional versus stochastic forcing, as well as a measure of stationarity in the atmosphere–precipitation relationship. The methodology is applied to South Africa. The downscaling reveals a similarity in the projected climate change between the models. Each GCM projects similar changes in atmospheric state and they converge on a downscaled solution that points to increased summer rainfall in the interior and the eastern part of the country, and a decrease in winter rainfall in the Western Cape. The actual GCM precipitation projections from the three models show large areas of intermodel disagreement, suggesting that the model differences may be due to their precipitation parameterization schemes, rather than to basic disagreements in their projections of the changing atmospheric state over South Africa. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
openalex: W2123058372 mag: 2123058372
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Does female education prevent the spread of HIV-AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa? - Brent, Robert J. (Applied Economics, 2006)
Abstract Cross-section estimates of 31 countries for the year 2000 are used to examine the effect of the level of female education, and the gap between male and female levels, on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many standard types of education are analysed and a non-standard category involving under- and over-aged primary school enrollees are identified. Although it is found that female education is positively related to country infection rates, there is scope to reduce infection rates by substituting one type of education for another. It is estimated that female infection rates peak within 15–17 years of the first case reported. Acknowledgements This paper was completed with the financial assistance provided by the Fulbright Research award for 2003 as part of the project on the Cost-Benefit Analysis of HIV-AIDS interventions programmes in Tanzania when the author was a visiting Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania. The paper benefited from detailed comments during seminars at Fordham University in the USA and the University of Dar es Salaam. I wish to thank Daryl McLeod for suggesting that I analyse the turning point for the epidemic. Helpful comments were also received from Mary Beth Combs, Dereck Reagle and Parantap Basu. Notes 1 As the World Bank (Citation2002) reports: ‘In 11 population-based studies, the average infection rates in teenage African girls were over five times higher than those in teenage boys.’ 2 As one graphic example they report that, in the Central African Republic, 85% of teachers who died between 1996 and 1998 were HIV-positive, dying on average 10 years before they were due to retire. 3 Data on the number of teachers for the sample of counties was very incomplete, so this variable could not be used explicitly in the estimation. 4 Seftor and Turner (Citation2002) recently found that older, non-traditional students in the USA react very differently to government educational subsidies than did the traditional students. Similarly, the category of non-standard students may also be thought to behave differently, albeit in a social context, to educational opportunities. 5 Strictly, Over had two groups (a high-risk and a low-risk) and did some estimation where the two groups interact. His main results took the form of pooled estimates and for this a single equation was used. 6 Only six of Over's eight significant variables could be tested because there was no data on the percentage foreign born, and the variable male-female gender gap in urban areas was not relevant for the study, as the dependent variable was the national infection rate and not just that in urban areas. The national urbanization percentage and the rate of growth of urbanization were tried but both these measures were insignificant. 7 Philipson and Posner (Citation1993) consider that assortative matching is more plausible, whereby people choose a partner from the same risk class as they themselves are in. Given the aggregate nature of the data that are used, it is prefered to adopt the simpler random matching assumption to form the dependent variable as the expected number of female infections. Dow and Philipson (Citation1996) find that, for the USA, an HIV-positive person is twice as likely as an HIV negative person to have an HIV-positive partner, which leads to infection predictions being one-third higher with random than assortative matching. It would then be likely that the expected prevalence figures over-estimate the true number. However, the results if one uses the actual number of infections are very similar to those found using the expected infection rates, so the results are not affected by the choice of matching assumption. 8 The rank condition for identification is easily satisfied as there is required to be at least one non-zero determinant of order one from the coefficients excluded from one equation and included in the other. So as long as one of β 1 and β 2 are significant, EquationEquations 4a will satisfy the rank condition; and one of α 1 and α 2 being significant will satisfy the rank condition for EquationEquations 4b. 9 The website address was: http://faculty.stcc.tn.edu/bmcclure/Links/musliompop.htm. 10 In the 2SLS estimates for all 12 education variables, the Sargan values are sufficiently low that one cannot reject the null that the four independent variables A, A 2, Z 1 and Z 2 were not good instruments. 11 World Bank (Citation2002) state: ‘Data for the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the HIV/AIDS pandemic was just emerging, mostly showed a positive correlation between level of education and rates of infection. This was perhaps because the higher socioeconomic status and greater mobility of better educated people enabled encounters with a greater number and range of sexual partners, but also because at that time education seldom included HIV/AIDS prevention or behavioral change programs, and the level of knowledge about the disease was generally low. However, once the ways to avoid infection became better known, better educated people were more likely to adopt safer behavior (World Bank Citation1999), and later studies show a reversal in the trend.’ 12 See for example, De Walque (Citation2004).
openalex: W1973341613 mag: 1973341613
Keywords: openalex:import

Lacustrine micro-fossil assemblage in core NP04-KH3, a Kullenberg piston core from the Moba-Kalya Horst region of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, as a biogeochemical proxy for Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene climate and lake level changes - Steinkamp, Matthew J. (2006)
openalex: W314594927 mag: 314594927
Keywords: openalex:import

Computers in Schools in Ghana: Implications for Teacher Preparation - Turner, Sandra V. (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, 2006)
openalex: W1599033824 mag: 1599033824
Keywords: openalex:import

Computer Use in Kenyan Secondary Schools: Implications for Teacher Professional Development - Wabuyele, Lusike C. (Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, 2006)
openalex: W2137721560 mag: 2137721560
Keywords: openalex:import

Functional disability and health-related quality of life in South Africans with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus - Benitha, Romela; Tikly, Mohammed (Clinical Rheumatology, 2006)
openalex: W2004636860 mag: 2004636860
Keywords: openalex:import

Epidemiology of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent students in Mansoura, Egypt. - El‐Gilany, Abdel‐Hady; Badawi, Karima; El-Fedawy, Sanaa (PubMed, 2006)
To examine the prevalence, determinants, impact and treatment practices of dysmenorrhoea, we studied 664 female students in secondary schools in urban and rural areas. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. About 75% of the students experienced dysmenorrhoea (mild 55.3%, moderate 30.0%, severe 14.8%). Most did not seek medical advice although 34.7% treated themselyes. Fatigue, headache, backache and dizziness were the commonest associated symptoms. No limitation of activities was reported by 47.4% of student with dysmenorrhoea, but this was significantly more reported by students with severe dysmenorrhoea. Significant predictors of dysmenorrhoea were older age, irregular or long cycle and heavy bleeding.
openalex: W1577398543 mag: 1577398543
Keywords: openalex:import

Literacy, Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Transitional Bilingual Education in Malawi - Matiki, Alfred Jana (International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2006)
This paper examines recent attempts by the Malawi government to introduce local languages into the primary school system and other secondary domains of national life, breaking more than 30 years of Chichewa/English monopoly. In a country where the language policy has essentially established the hegemony of English over indigenous languages, the fundamental question that this policy must consider should revolve around the role that these languages can play in the development of Malawi(ans) from a traditionally oral to an increasingly literate culture, ever more connected to the international community through the English language. For many Malawians, economic success is predicated on one's ability to speak, read and write English. There are, therefore, enormous attitudinal, political, economic and social problems that the policy has to contend with.
openalex: W2008704289 mag: 2008704289
Keywords: openalex:import

The Struggle of African American Students in the Public Schools. - Mubenga, Pascal T. (2006)
openalex: W1536091539 mag: 1536091539
Keywords: openalex:import

Educational Leadership: A Case Study of Perceptions of Secondary School Principals, Teachers, and Students of the Leadership Role in HIV/AIDS Education Programs in Zimbabwe - Musandipa, Rosemary (2006)
openalex: W2624208843 mag: 2624208843
Keywords: openalex:import

Widening the lens — changing the focus: Researching and describing language practices in multilingual classrooms in South Africa - Adler, Jill (2006)
openalex: W4229808009
Keywords: openalex:import

Mentoring in Mathematics Teaching and Teacher Preparation in Zimbabwe - Mtetwa, David (2006)
openalex: W4247047846
Keywords: openalex:import

Resistance and education – Counter-hegemonic struggle in Southern Sudan - Breidlid, Anders (Nordic studies in education, 2006)
openalex: W2772151977 mag: 2772151977
Keywords: openalex:import

Environmental mineralogy of unconsolidated surface sediments associated with the 2001 landslides on volcanic cones, Mabeta New Layout, Limbe, Cameroon - Ekosse, Georges-Ivo; Ngole, V. M.; Sendze, Yinda Godwin; Ayonghe, Samuel N. (Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2006)
Samples of unconsolidated surface sediments from the 2001 landslide occurrences in the Mabeta New Layout, Limbe, Cameroon were studied using sediment colour characterization as well as x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques in order to ascertain mineral phases contained in them and postulate any influence the minerals may have had in triggering off the event. In terms of colour characterization, the hue/value/chroma of the sediments ranged from 5YR/5/3 to 5YR/4/6 to 5YR/3/4 with corresponding colour shades from reddish-brown to yellowish-red to dark reddish brown. Results of XRPD indicated that the samples consisted of the following mineral phases: anatase, annite, augite, goethite, hematite and kaolin, with the Fe-bearing minerals being dominant. Traces of maghemite were found in a few of the samples, and clinopyroxene was identified in the saprolite. The OM results confirmed those obtained for colour characterization and minerals identification. The findings of the study depict that hydrologic, tectonic and seismic factors combined with the physical properties of the mineral assemblages in triggering the landslides. These physical properties included the shapes and sizes of the mineral particles as well as mineral density.Keywords: landslides, unconsolidated sediments, saprolite, x-ray diffractionGlobal Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 4(2) 2005: 115–122
openalex: W1983692950 mag: 1983692950
Keywords: openalex:import

Impact of training on level of adoption of improved practices among Cassava farmers in Southwestern Nigeria - Ajayi, MT (International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2006)
The study investigated the impact of training on adoption of improved practices among cassava farmers in Oyo and Osun States of Nigeria. Survey data from 120 farmers from both trained and untrained respondents randomly selected from 8 villages were used for the study. Findings of the study show that majority of the farmers (55%) belonged to medium adoption level category. There was significant difference in the level of adoption of trained group and untrained group. Age, socio-economic status, motivation and use of mass media were found to have significant contributions in adoption of the improved practices by the trained group. In the untrained group however, socio-economic status and use of mass media were found to have significant contribution. There is need for more training programmes with adequate extension follow-up. Setting up of information centres where farmers could obtain information would improve the level of adoption. Keywords: impact, training, improved practices, cassava, farmersInternational Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 6 2005: 34-38
openalex: W1999171982 mag: 1999171982
Keywords: openalex:import

Income Shocks and Gender Gaps in Education: Evidence from Uganda - Björkman, Martina (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006)
This paper uses exogenous variation in rainfall across districts in Uganda to estimate the causal effects of household income shocks to in children’s enrollment and cognitive skills conditional on gender. I find negative income shocks to have large negative and highly significant effects on female enrollment in primary schools and the effect grows stronger for older girls. The effect on boys’ enrollment is smaller and only marginally significant. Moreover, I find that a negative income shock has an adverse effect on test scores in general and test scores of female students in particular. The results imply that households respond to income shocks by varying the quantity and quality of girls’ education while boys are to a larger extent sheltered – a finding consistent with a model where parents’ values of child labor differ across sexes.
openalex: W1580321382 mag: 1580321382
Keywords: openalex:import

Beyond the big house: African American educators on teacher education (Choice Reviews Online, 2006)
openalex: W2798632573 mag: 2798632573
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of major depressive disorder in Nigerian college students with alcohol-related problems - Adewuya, Abiodun O. (General Hospital Psychiatry, 2006)
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among Nigerian college students with alcohol-related problems (ARP) and compare the estimated prevalence with their counterparts without ARP.A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of students (n=2658) in six colleges in Osun state, Western Nigeria. The students were independently assessed for ARP and MDD with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).The current (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in college students with alcohol dependence is 23.8%; alcohol abuse 17.2% and hazardous use 12.4%. Compared with total abstainers, major depressive disorder is significantly more likely to be associated with diagnosis of alcohol dependence (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.42-6.96), alcohol abuse (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.38-3.72) and hazardous use (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12-2.38), but less associated with alcohol users without ARP (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.69-1.25).Nigerian college students with ARP are significantly more at risk of depressive disorders than those without ARP. Early recognition and treatment of depression are important considerations when planning preventive strategies for alcohol-related problems in college students.
openalex: W2075497874 mag: 2075497874
Keywords: openalex:import

Building a Vision for Education in Benin - Ahanhanzo, Joseph; Odushin, David E.; Bibi-Adelakoun, Alice (PROSPECTS, 2006)
openalex: W2092097536 mag: 2092097536
Keywords: openalex:import

Technical education and library services: A study of the federal science and technical colleges in Nigeria - Ajidahun, Clement Olujide (Library Collections Acquisitions & Technical Services, 2006)
The paper assessed the library collection, staffing, management and supervision, building space, seating capacity, acquisition, and processing of library materials of the Federal Science and Technical Colleges in Nigeria. Nineteen copies of a questionnaire were mailed to all the nineteen Federal Science and Technical Colleges in Nigeria. Only eleven of the Schools returned their questionnaires, which were used for the study. Result showed that the school libraries were adequately staffed. Their collections were above 2000 textbooks, the minimum standard. However, the library buildings were not only not well located, they also lacked adequate seating spaces. Also, there is no uniform policy on which classification scheme to use in processing the library materials. Suggestions that could enhance the development and growth of the school libraries were provided.
openalex: W2047973094 mag: 2047973094
Keywords: openalex:import

Technical vocational education and training in Botswana: the challenge of joining-up policy - Akoojee, Salim; McGrath, Simon (Africa insight, 2006)
Botswana needs to reform its technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system as part of its broader attempts at economic diversification. At present, its TVET system is characterised by diversity and fragmentation between different types of institutions and lies under the authority of two Ministries in particular. Policy for at least a decade has stressed the need for greater systemic coherence.
openalex: W2994360117 mag: 2994360117
Keywords: openalex:import

Mitigating Industrial Pollution Along the Atlantic Coast of Cameroon: An Overview of Government Efforts - Alemagi, Dieudonne; Oben, PM; Ertel, Jürgen (The Environmentalist, 2006)
openalex: W2029540010 mag: 2029540010
Keywords: openalex:import

Academic, Career and Personal Needs of Nigerian University Students. - Aluede, Oyaziwo; Imhonde, Henry O.; Eguavoen, Agatha (Journal of Instructional Psychology, 2006)
The academic, career and personal needs of students of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma-Nigeria were surveyed. A total of 920 undergraduates participated in this study. The results of the study revealed that irrespective of students' residential status, gender, age and relationship status, the students ranked time-management as the most pressing counseling need. This was followed in this order: drug concerns, family problems, career needs, relationship problems, finance, sexual harassment, academic ability, personality types, anxiety/depression, differential treatment and serf-evaluation. The results further indicated among others that female students were more in need of financial counseling than their male counterparts. Single students had more assertive/communication needs than their married colleagues. In addition, the study also revealed that students residing on the campus had more counseling needs on how to foster and sustain a stable relationship than those not residing on the campus. In view of these, counseling interventions for implementation that are geared towards helping students meet with their needs were further provided. ********** Over the years, the importance of periodically assessing the identifiable needs of students before undertaking, designing and delivering effective counseling services and programs is well established (Bishop, Bauer & Becker, 1998; Gallagher, 1992; Morrill, Oetting, & Hurst, 1974, as cited in Gallagher, Golin & Kelleher, 1992). Despite the availability of counseling centers in few universities in Nigeria, majority of their students do not avail themselves of the services of these counseling centers. Even where the counseling centers exist, most of these centers provide services for students without even attempting to assess the needs of the students targeted for these services (Aluede, Uadia, Aluede & Igbineweka, 2002; Tawari, 1986). The needs of university students vary from academic, social to psychological. These needs are dynamic in nature; as they may shift with changes in age, experience, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity and social trends (Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 1998). Hence, the need for an accurate and a regular assessment of college student needs (Gallagher, Golin, & Kelleher, 1992). An accurate and perpetual assessment of these changing needs is crucial to the development of effective student service programs. Therefore, needs assessment is particularly important in the light of the increasing diversity of students, their changing personal and career needs, and the heightened accountability demands that confront student services (Friedlander, 1978, cited in Barrow, Cox, Sepich & Spivak, 1989). Gallagher, Christofidis, Gill, and Graham-Weaver (1996) and Roark, (1993) found that there is an increase in the severity of student concerns. Research has also identified an increase in the unique needs of students in the following areas: drug abuse, alcohol use, eating, weight problems, sexual assault and harassment, violence and AIDS (Bertocci, Hirsch, Sommer, & Williams, 1992). Although, questions about the efficacy of needs assessment studies in predicting the actual use of counseling centers by students has been raised, Gallagher et al., (1992) found that these studies continue to be the most efficient way of identifying student concerns. Therefore, the needs of the students have to be identified prior to designing or modifying counseling data from different sources, including students, faculty and administrators. Moreover, counseling center data are very important in identifying the actual services provided by the staff, problem areas, and differences between actual and stated priorities (Bishop, 1991). Areas students seek help include: overcoming their procrastination; public speaking anxiety; improvement in their study skills; career uncertainty; self-confidence problems; lack of motivation; fear of failure; depression; lack of purpose in life; anxiety and nervousness (Gallagher, 1992). …
openalex: W242703052 mag: 242703052
Keywords: openalex:import

The Early-Cambrian Boho volcano of the El Graara massif, Morocco: Petrology, geodynamic setting and coeval sedimentation - Álvaro, J. Javier; Ezzouhairi, Hassan; Vennin, Emmanuelle; Ribeiro, Maria Luísa; Clausen, Sébastien; Charif, A.; Ayad, N. Ait; Moreira, M. E. (Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2006)
A major volcanic episode is recorded across the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Several volcanic cones are still preserved in the El Graara massif, laterally correlatable with volcanic flows dated as Early Cambrian (U/Pb date of 534 ± 10 Ma). Volcanic ashes and flows are interbedded with the uppermost part of the Adoudou dolostones, whereas the best-preserved volcano (the Boho Jbel) is onlapped by the overlying Lie-de-vin strata. Available petro-geochemical data from the Boho volcano suggest an alkaline magmatism probably derived from low-grade melting of a garnet–lherzolite mantle source, followed by fractional crystallization. The silica-undersaturated basaltic liquid evolved to form oversaturated rocks: the fractionation of a ferromagnesian phase with high-Ca and low-Al contents is suggested as the main process to cut across the critical plane of silica undersaturation in this geochemical series. Although the Boho geochemical patterns are similar to those of some rift emplacements, more data from other coeval magmatic eruptions are necessary to constrain their geodynamic setting. Erosion of the Boho volcano favoured formation of a slope-apron composed of four sedimentary facies belts: chaotic megabreccia (related to downslope mass movements of rigid blocks), amalgamated breccia sheets (emplaced by viscous debris flows), a heterogeneous terrigenous belt (representing offshore substrates interrupted by channels intersected by cross-bedded shoals), and variegated shales and stromatolitic dolostones (typical of the Lie-de-vin Formation). Sharp changes in sedimentation rate were associated with modifications in paleorelief sloping and transport mechanisms from subaerial (?) rock fall at the foot of the cone escarpment to sheet-like debris flow on the slopes, and the replacement by sedimentation under wave and storm influence. The presence of an active carbonate productivity, recorded in the primary porosities of the Boho slope-apron, is suggested by widespread development of a robust, coelobiontic, microbial carbonate factory resilient to poisoning by terrigenous influx. Diagenesis in these deposits includes marine, meteoric and deep-burial cementation of calcite, dolomite, iron oxides, quartz, feldspar, and celestine, the latter indicating precipitation from hypersaline pore fluids.
openalex: W2057769099 mag: 2057769099
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of international teacher migration on schooling in developing countries—the case of Southern Africa - Appleton, Simon; Sives, Amanda; Morgan, W. John (Globalisation, Societies and Education, 2006)
Whilst the migration of teachers has been a phenomenon for hundreds of years, the advent of ‘globalisation’ has seen such migration return to prominence. This article focuses on the experiences of two developing countries in Southern Africa which have been on different ends of the process: South Africa as a net sender of teachers and Botswana as a net receiver of teachers. In comparing these two country experiences it is possible to highlight the complexity and impact of teacher mobility in developing countries. The authors argue that, in both cases, there are signs that international teacher mobility may have been a temporary issue as local markets in both countries have adjusted to meet the new demand. A possible conclusion is that the significance of international teacher mobility for developing country education systems lies less in its quantitative effects in terms of numbers of trained teachers and more in its qualitative effects in terms of the kind of teachers that move.
openalex: W2122579489 mag: 2122579489
Keywords: openalex:import

Dictionaries as teaching instruments for mother tongue education : the case of Fang in Gabon - Assam, Blanche Nyangone (2006)
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation attempts a study in the design of school dictionaries for their use in the mother tongue or first language education. Pedagogical dictionaries have undergone changes, which are also due to changes, which had taken, place in the teaching of the mother tongue and in descriptive linguistics from the 1950s onwards. Features of the pedagogical model also have been affected by the development in language-teaching methodology. The teaching of the mother tongue is now less concerned with the knowledge and critical exploration of texts than with competence in oral and written expression.
openalex: W254624637 mag: 254624637
Keywords: openalex:import

Nation-building without mortar?: Public participation in higher education policy-making in South Africa - Barnes, Teresa (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
openalex: W2909341878 mag: 2909341878
Keywords: openalex:import

Nation-building without mortar? Public participation in higher education policy-making in South Africa : research article - Barnes, Teresa (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
This article tests a case study of public in the decision-making about restructuring South Africa's large cohort of higher education institutions, as inherited in 1994, against theories of South Africa's new democracy. It shows that people formally outside the higher education policy sector - students, academics, parents and the public in general - have been able to play only increasingly circumscribed roles in restructuring processes. Public participation has reached a stage termed symbolic participation in which selected institutional leaders are deemed to somehow embody the public: an antithesis of principles set down during the final years of the popular anti-apartheid struggle. The article reviews trends of in the production of the major post-1994 higher education policy documents and initiatives, such as the establishment of the Council on Higher Education. It also reviews the ways that some decisions on institutional closure and mergers were changed under pressure - not through open or transparent processes - but behind closed doors. The article ends by asking what the wider implications of these developments in higher education might be for South Africa's emerging democracy.
openalex: W30678893 mag: 30678893
Keywords: openalex:import

Cassava as drought insurance: Food security implications of cassava trials in Central Zambia - Barratt, Nick; Chitundu, Davies Chiliba; Dover, O.; Elsinga, J.; Eriksson, Sture; Guma, L.; Haggblade, M.; Haggblade, Steven; Henn, Tamás; Locke, F.R.; O’Donnell, Chris; Smith, Clarence Beaman; et al. (Agrekon, 2006)
Abstract Wide, weather-induced fluctuations in maize production lead to recurrent food shortages in Zambia's maize consuming regions, while the cassava-growing regions of the north enjoy stable food production, even in drought years. Noting this striking correlation between drought vulnerability and the prevalence of maize as a staple food, a growing array of agencies in Zambia has begun introducing highly productive new cassava varieties, developed in the north, to more central and southerly regions in an effort to provide low-cost food security during drought years. Yet agro ecological conditions in these drought-prone regions differ significantly from the northern research stations where Zambian scientists developed the new cassava varieties. So it is not clear that the varieties or management practices that work well in the north will prove optimal in other regions. In order to assist farmers and agencies interested in expanding cassava as a food security crop in central Zambia, we have conducted cassava trials in central Zambia over the past three years. Concurrently, we have engaged in regular on-farm discussions with early adopting farmers. Results from these investigations suggest that, with some modification of management practices recommended in the north, many of the new cassava clones offer a feasible means of mitigating lean season hunger and providing low-cost, in-kind drought insurance for rural households in central Zambia.
openalex: W2141228154 mag: 2141228154
Keywords: openalex:import

Artisan training and employment outcomes in Tanzania - Bennell, Paul; Mukyanuzi, Faustin; Kasogela, Maurice; Mutashubirwa, Francis; Klim, Mikkel (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2006)
There has been a long‐standing debate about the cost‐effectiveness of artisan training in low‐income countries in Africa. During the 1990s, World Bank personnel were at the forefront of a wide‐rang...
openalex: W2163938835 mag: 2163938835
Keywords: openalex:import

Multi-actor Governance in Service Delivery: Dynamics and interaction in the provision of universal primary education in Tanzania - Björkman, James Warner; Wit, Joop de; Kolola, G. (2006)
openalex: W2575500514 mag: 2575500514
Keywords: openalex:import

Womens education and diffusion of the fertility transition: The case of Egypt 1960–1996 in 4905 administrative subdivisions - Bonneuil, Noël; Dassouki, Chouaa (Journal of population research (Canberra, A.C.T. Print), 2006)
openalex: W2023872920 mag: 2023872920
Keywords: openalex:import

Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom - Butchart, Ronald E. (The Journal of American History, 2006)
Journal Article Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom Get access Self-Taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. By Williams Heather Andrea. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. xvi, 304 pp. $29.95, isbn0-8078-2920-X.) Ronald E. Butchart Ronald E. Butchart University of GeorgiaAthens, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 92, Issue 4, March 2006, Pages 1443–1444, https://doi.org/10.2307/4485945 Published: 01 March 2006
openalex: W2158742759 mag: 2158742759
Keywords: openalex:import

Neurologic infections in a Nigerian university teaching hospital. - Chapp-Jumbo, Emmanuel (PubMed, 2006)
Neurologic infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially worldwide but much more in the African continent. The frequency of the different types of neurologic infections and their mortality in this part of Nigeria is not known.To review cases admitted into the main tertiary referral center in Rivers State of Nigeria with neurologic infections over a 10-year period and to determine the types of infections, their frequency and the mortality.Case notes of all admissions into the medical wards of UPTH, Port Harcourt between April 1993 and March 2003 were reviewed. Cases admitted with neurologic infections were extracted and analyzed for the study.Of the 1,395 patients admitted with neurologic disorders during the study period, 311 (22.3%) had neurological infections. The M:F ratio and mean age of patients with neurologic infections were 1.7:1 and 34.1 years respectively. The most common infections identified were meningitis 136(43.7%), tetanus 90(28.9%), Pott's disease with cord compression 30(9.6%), viral meningoencephalitis 27(8.7%) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) 19(6.1%). The case fatality was high: meningitis 49.3%, tetanus 47.8%, Pott's disease 23.3%, meningoencephalitis 44.4% and TBM 68.4%.Preventable neurologic infections are a very important cause of morbidity and mortality in this environment. Cases presenting with suspicious neurologic infections should be referred to centers where specialized care can be instituted.
openalex: W1489613477 mag: 1489613477
Keywords: openalex:import

The role of an affirmed black cultural identity and heritage in the academic achievement of African‐Canadian students - Codjoe, Henry M. (Intercultural education (London. Print), 2006)
This paper focuses on the educational experiences of African‐Canadian youth in Canada. Traditionally, the tendency is to emphasize the poor academic performance of black students or issues and problems related to reasons for academic failure or to stereotype them as ‘loud, lazy, muscular, criminal, athletic, dumb, deprived, dangerous, deviant, and disturbed’. In contrast, this paper looks at those who have achieved in spite of considerable adversity. The data show that factors such as pride in one's heritage and knowledge of one's culture contribute to academic success.
openalex: W2038415009 mag: 2038415009
Keywords: openalex:import

Religion, Spirituality, and Career Development in African American College Students: A Qualitative Inquiry - Constantine, Madonna G.; Miville, Marie L.; Warren, Anika K.; Gainor, Kathy A.; Lewis-Coles, Ma'at E. Lyris (The Career Development Quarterly, 2006)
The authors explored through semistructured interviews the interrelationships of religion, spirituality, and career development in a sample of 12 African American undergraduate students. Using consensual qualitative research methodology (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997), they identified 6 primary domains or themes related to these students' experiences in this regard, including (a) degree of identification as religious and/or spiritual, (b) parents' influence on religious and spiritual beliefs, (c) roles of religion and spirituality in participants' career development, (d) challenges in dealing with academic and career‐related issues, (e) religious and spiritual strategies to deal with academic and career‐related challenges, and (f) indicators of success in future career or occupation.
openalex: W2123342039 mag: 2123342039
Keywords: openalex:import

Professional socialisation of family ecology and consumer science students at South African Universities - Cornelissen, Judith Jean (2006)
Professional socialisation can be described as a subconscious process whereby persons internalise behavioural norms and standards and form a sense of identity and commitment to a professional field. The primary goal of professional socialisation is considered to be internalisation of the professional culture and the development of a professional identity. It is learned through interaction with professionals and educators during a student’s education. It is a continuous, life-long process of learning formal knowledge, skills and rules, as well as informal and tacit knowledge, norms, values and loyalties within the profession. An understanding of the professional socialisation process is vital to all persons involved in postsecondary education, for it is the professional socialisation process that allows education to achieve its goals. This dissertation determined whether students of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences in South Africa are professionally socialised into developing a professional identity within the Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences profession. The objectives of the research included; to examine through a literature review the development of the profession and to propose a new position for the profession in South Africa; to identify the factors that influenced South African students when they decided on Family Ecology and Consumer Science as a field of study and the factors that influenced them while they were obtaining their degree at a South African university; to determine whether Family Ecology and Consumer Science students evidence the developmental stages of the Cohen model of the professional socialisation process; to determine Family Ecology and Consumer Science professionals’ perceptions of their professional preparation environments; and to analyse and compare Family Ecology and Consumer Science programmes at South African universities. A quantitative research methodology in the form of an analytical survey was undertaken with the participation of students and staff at South African universities where Family Ecology and Consumer Science programmes are offered by means of postal questionnaires. Three questionnaires were used in the research, namely; the Professional Socialisation Influences (PSI) questionnaire; the Professional Socialisation Staging Scale (PS) questionnaire; and the Emphases, Process and Influences on the Professional Preparation Programmes questionnaire. A conceptual framework was used to compare the Family Ecology and Consumer Science professional preparation programmes presented at South African universities.. Descriptive statistics and the factor analysis method were used to examine the objectives to determine which factors influenced students to select Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences and the factors that influenced them while they were studying for a degree at a South African university. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-Hoc tests were used to examine whether Family Ecology and Consumer Science students evidenced the developmental stages of the Cohen model of the professional socialisation process. Descriptive statistics were used to examine Family Ecology and Consumer Science professionals’ perceptions of their professional preparation environments. The main findings drawn from the study indicated that Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences students, when selecting Family Ecology and Consumer Science as a profession, were influenced by the ‘Service Ideal’ and ‘Entrepreneurial’ factors. Aspects that elicited the highest percentage of positive responses from the respondents were; ‘desire to help others’; ‘a desire to improve the quality of family living’; ‘a desire to help people learn to do things’; and ‘entrepreneurial possibilities of the course’. While studying for a degree in Family Ecology and Consumer Science, they were influenced by the factors ‘Student Interaction’ and ‘Departmental Influences’. Aspects such as; ‘career opportunities available’; ‘application of what I learned to my personal life’; and ‘employment opportunities available’; were those that had the biggest influence. The findings of this study did not support the Cohen model, because students in this sample did not evidence systematic progression through the four proposed developmental stages of professional socialisation. However, it can be concluded that there is a strong positive indication that South African Family Ecology and Consumer Science students evidenced STAGE III, DependenceMutuality and STAGE IV, Interdependence, and that they are highly socialised and have developed a professional identity. Family Ecology and Consumer Science programmes in South Africa are unique in character and display their own identity. However the perceptions of the Family Ecology and Consumer Science professionals in these professional preparation programmes are varied. Key recommendations are that the research questionnaires should be revisited keeping in mind the changes that have taken place in the Family Ecology and Consumer Science profession, and that the study should be repeated with different cohorts of secondary and tertiary students to track the changes that may take place in the professional socialisation process over time.
openalex: W2108876742 mag: 2108876742
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning from local economic development experiences: Observations on Integrated Development Programmes of the Free State, Republic of South Africa - Davis, Junior (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006)
The aim of this paper is to assess the degree to which the components of the Rural Economic and Enterprise Development (REED) framework have been incorporated into integrated development planning (IDP) or into strategic local economic development (LED) plans. The paper also provides an evaluation of two local municipal level IDPs in the Free State, Republic of South Africa. The evaluation is considered on an ex-ante basis in terms of contemporary LED and REED approaches. We also consider IDP efficacy and potential impact in terms of achieving enterprise development, poverty reduction and growth.
openalex: W2130316848 mag: 2130316848
Keywords: openalex:import

Introducing the concept of evolution into South African schools : science education - Dempster, Edith R.; Hugo, Wayne (South African Journal of Science, 2006)
Evolution is the highest ordering principle in biology, dealing with questions about ultimate causation of form and functioning at all levels of life. Its introduction into the school curriculum provides children with access to ways of thinking that can make them more enlightened citizens and prepares them for tertiary-level study. The South African school curriculum before 1994 ignored evolution because it conflicted with the religious beliefs of the government. This paper identifies content statements that relate to evolution in the most recent Natural Sciences Learning Area Statement (Grades R-9) and the Life Sciences subject statement (Grades 10-12) for South African schools. The analysis shows that key foundational concepts are developed in the Natural Sciences learning area, but the term 'evolution' is absent. In the Life Sciences subject statement, evolution, speciation, natural selection, commondescent and gradualism are introduced in Grade 12. Both curriculum statements emphasize the need to recognize alternative ways of knowing, including faith-based and indigenous knowledge systems. While the curriculum statements are undoubtedly an improvement on the old syllabus, we conclude that they fail to integrate the various lines of evidence into an integrated Darwinian theory of evolution, they conflate different domains of knowledge, and they misrepresent key concepts such as natural selection. By denying learners, especially those from impoverished environments, meaningful access to higher-order concepts and ways of thinking, they endanger the social justice imperative which frames the entire National Curriculum Statement.
openalex: W184893562 mag: 184893562
Keywords: openalex:import

Strengthening skills for success: An intervention for underachieving African American students - Dona, Daria Paul; Decker, Dawn Marie (2006)
openalex: W3194819373 mag: 3194819373
Keywords: openalex:import

A diet rich In saturated fat impairs endothelium dependent relaxation (EDR) In Guinea Pig (GP) - Edirisinghe, Indika; Siva, Brahmesh; Randolph, Jody; Steinberg, Francene M.; Skepper, Jeremy N.; Kappagoda, Tissa (The FASEB Journal, 2006)
We tested the hypothesis that a diet enriched with saturated coconut fat (CF) impairs EDR. 3 groups (n=6) of male 10 wk old GP (Hartley) were fed isocaloric diets containing (w/w) either 5% CF (Group1), 5% CF+corn oil (1:1) (Group2) or 5% corn oil (Group3). They were sacrificed after 12 wk and plasma lipids were estimated. Aorta was harvested for measuring EDR. EDR was measured in conventional organ baths containing Krebs buffer after pre-contraction with noradrenaline (10−5 M). EDR evoked by acetylcholine (Ac), bradykinin (Br), Ca ionophore (Cai) and grape seed extract (GSE) were measured. Aorta from one GP in each group was pressure fixed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). EDR to Br was lowest in the 5% CF group. EDR to Cai and GSE were unaffected in all groups. IHC confirmed the presence of eNOS in all groups. EDR to Ac was absent in all groups. It was also absent in age matched GP’s fed a diet containing 0.5% fat, but present (20 %) in 10 wk old GP’s. The loss of EDR to Br is probably due to a change in receptors induced by the CF diet and not due to down-regulation of e-NOS or its ability to produce NO. Loss of EDR to Ac should not be viewed as a marker for bioavailability of e-NOS in the GP. The absence of EDR to Ac is probably due to an age related loss of functional receptors. Supported - Polyphenolics Inc.
openalex: W3176270263 mag: 3176270263
Keywords: openalex:import

Influence of Parenting on Alcohol and Drug Use among Teacher Trainees in Nigerian Universities - Egbochuku, E. O. (College student journal, 2006)
This study examines the influence of parenting on alcohol and drug use among teacher trainees in Nigerian universities. The sample includes students who leave home after secondary school (residential–students on campus) as well as those who continue to live at home after secondary school (non-residential). Seventy-nine residential and 124 non-residential students were sampled. The attributes for parenting in this study consisted of behavioural monitoring, involvement, and encouragement of autonomy. Non-residential students described their parents as being more involving and providing less behavioural monitoring than residential students (residential: [M.bar] = 54.35, [SD.bar] = 11.94; non-residential: [M.bar] = 57.56, [SD.bar] = 8.75; t (2.205) p = .029). Greater parental involvement was related to lower levels of alcohol use among non-residential students, but unrelated to the use of other substances. A very low relationship between parenting and alcohol or other drug use was found for residential students. Introduction Traditional psychoanalytic and neo-analytic theories suggest that healthy adjustment during adolescence is marked by a cleaving of childhood ties to the parent (Blos, 1967; Freud, 1969). In contrast, contemporary research and theory indicate that a continuing, though transformed and renegotiated, connection to parents facilitates healthy and adaptive adjustment to the challenges of leaving home to attend university (Obot, 1993a, Sullivan and Sullivan, 1980). One of the goals of university education in Nigeria is to acquire both physical and intellectual skills which will enable individuals to be self-reliant and useful members of the society (FME, 1998:32). Typically this transition involves a departure from home creating physical distance from family and peers, and the reciprocal need to learn how to live on one's own in a new environment, establish a new network of peer and other proximal social supports. The effect of this transition on university students has been studied from a number of different perspectives. University students have described their relationship with their parents as emotionally close and supportive and view emotional separation as dysfunctional (Kenny, 1987;). Students who believe that they have an affective bond with their parents also tend to report feeling and acting in more independent and responsible ways, suggesting that an emotional connection with parents has an important influence on how adolescents negotiate this transition and move toward adulthood. Specifically, the ability to establish emotional autonomy while remaining connected in an affectionate relationship with parents predicts healthy current adjustment, and also increases the likelihood of later healthy adjustment and development (O'Connor, Allen, Bell and Hauser, 1996). Moreover, Wintre and Jaffe (2000) found that parenting style was significantly related to university students' overall psychological well being, but was not associated with specific measures of adjustment such as academic performance. University provides an environment where alcohol is generally available despite legal age prohibitions; where most peers are drinking or are perceived to be drinking and where alcohol is available at many social events (Baer, Stacy and Larimer, 1991). It presents a period of high-risk for engaging in the abusive use of alcohol with nearly 90% of all students using alcohol (Johnston, O'Malley and Bachman, 1993). Many investigators have tried to identify the risk factors and causes of such behaviour. For example, risk factor research has explored the role of gender (Lo, 1995), family history of alcohol and drug use (Weitzman and Wechsler, 2000), and the influence of peers (Moronkola, 1995;) on university students' use of alcohol. Because the adverse consequences of drinking during university period are well documented (e.g., Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens and Castillo, 1994), a consequence of these environmental features is that drinking becomes considered normative behaviour and abstinence considered deviant behaviour (Egbochuku, 2000). …
openalex: W347449079 mag: 347449079
Keywords: openalex:import

Pre-Primary Education in Nigeria: Policy Implementation and Problems - Ejieh, Michael U. C. (Elementary Education Online, 2006)
Early childhood education is considered by many societies and individuals to be beneficial to young children for their educational development from school-entry age. This type of education was given official recognition by the Federal Government of Nigeria in the National Policy on Education. In the policy document, provision is made for a policy on pre-primary education stating its objectives and the measures to be taken by government to facilitate the achievement of the policy objectives. It also allowed for private participation in the provision of pre-primary education. This paper examines the implementation of the policy pointing out its shortcomings and some attendant problems, and the way forward.
openalex: W16382842 mag: 16382842
Keywords: openalex:import

Cultural friendliness as a foundation for the support function in the supervision of social work students in South Africa - Engelbrecht, Lambert K. (International Social Work, 2006)
English In South Africa it is essential that the cultural diversity of the social work student population be accommodated in supervision. This is possible if cultural friendliness forms the foundation of support in supervision. Cultural friendliness is a disposition that forms part of the supervisor's identity. French En Afrique du sud, il est essentiel que la fonction de supervision s'assure d'accommoder la diversité culturelle de la population étudiante en travail social. Cela est possible si une amitié culturelle forme la base des activités de soutien et de supervision. L'amitié culturelle est une attitude ou disposition faisant partie intégrante de l'identité du superviseur. Spanish En Sudáfrica es esencial que en la supervisión del trabajo social se tenga en cuenta la cultura del estudiante. Esto es posible si la amabilidad cultural es la base de la función de apoyo de la supervisión. La amabilidad cultural es una disposición que forma parte de la identidad del supervisor.
openalex: W2133830276 mag: 2133830276
Keywords: openalex:import

An overview of oil pollution and heavy metal concentration in Warri area, Nigeria - Essoka, PA; Ubogu, Andrew Egba; Uzu, L. (Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2006)
Purpose This paper seeks to examine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ni) in oil‐polluted soils of two communities in Warri, Delta state, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Soil auger samples were collected at a depth of 0‐15 cm from four sites. Two soil samples were collected from two sites observed to have had oil spills and also two samples from two sites without oil spillage. The soil samples were analysed using the UNICAM 969 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer to determine the level of concentration of the heavy metals in these sites. Their levels in the oil‐spilled sites are compared with those of the control sites and also with the European community standards. Findings The results obtained from this study reveal that the concentration of the heavy metals considered were higher in the oil‐spilled sites relative to the control sites. Similarly, when compared with the European community standards, the concentration is said to be quite significant. Practical implications The results indicate that the operations of the oil industry in the study area have not been sufficiently accompanied by adequate environmental protection. To safeguard agricultural land in the area and hence human health, there is an urgent need for government to address the incidence of oil spills in this area. Originality/value This paper provides information on the contribution of the oil industry in heavy metals contamination in the Niger‐Delta area of Nigeria.
openalex: W2050751338 mag: 2050751338
Keywords: openalex:import

Influential Factors Regarding the Career Development of African American College Students - Falconer, Jameca; Hays, Kimberly A. (Journal of Career Development, 2006)
Despite reporting greater needs for career planning information, African American students are often less likely to use the services available to them. Understanding the factors influencing the career development of African American students is therefore critical if these students are to succeed both academically and in theworld ofwork. This study explores the career influences of 13 African American college students in an attempt to gain knowledge about suggestions for improving career services for minorities at a large Midwestern university. Results also show that African American students would like to see more outreach, more peer guidance, and more visible and available career mentors. Results underscore the significance of mentors for African American students. Implications point to ways to strengthen career services for minority students in hopes that African American students will start to increase their use of these services.
openalex: W1966069552 mag: 1966069552
Keywords: openalex:import

A Review of the Enrolment and Performance of Male and Female Students in Education / Economics Programme of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Faleye, Bamidele Abiodun; Dibu-Ojerinde, Odusola Olutoyin (Journal of Social Sciences, 2006)
The purpose of this study is to review the pattern of enrolment into and performance pattern of male and female students on the Education/Economics Programme of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were collected from the record (in the Department) of students into the programme from 1999/2000 session to 2002/ 2003 session. The record of performance of male and female students on the programme were obtained from the students’ record as kept in the computer programme designed for results processing (known as the ISIS). It was discovered that there are more males than female students on the programme and male students performed better than their female counterparts. Recommendations on how female enrolment and performance could be enhanced were raised.
openalex: W2275591043 mag: 2275591043
Keywords: openalex:import

Burkina Faso - Second Post Primary Education Project : environmental assessment - Formations, Etudes Conseils (2006)
The Second Post Primary Education Project in Burkina Faso, seeks to improve, access, and the quality of education, including teaching improvements, within the framework for institutional strengthening, and capacity building within the Ministry of Education. In addition, construction of schools and facilities are included, and thus this environmental assessment calls for mitigation measures as follows. Project design will take into consideration appropriate sites for construction of schools and facilities in a participatory approach with local populations. While technical assistance will support communities' choices, such as availability of water supply, and environmental and social aspects. Rigorous control planning will be in place to control potential soil erosion, water contamination, and natural habitats. Bidding documents shall include technical specifications to comply by environmental regulations and standards, including spraying construction areas to minimize air contamination; appropriate waste disposal - solid wastes to be transported in covered trucks to selected sites for final disposal - and, effluents control to prevent water sources contamination. Lubricants, chemicals, and oil spills will be appropriately stored, and covered for disposal in accordance with standard regulations. Public awareness campaigns will be conducted to educate communities accordingly to these environmental guidelines. Regular inspections will be conducted during construction, as well as on buildings maintenance - school's solid wastes, on water supply and discharges, etc. Landscaping and re-vegetation (favoring native species) will be conducted following construction in an effort to conserve natural habitats, and control air pollution.
openalex: W1035984822 mag: 1035984822
Keywords: openalex:import

Burkina Faso - Second Post Primary Education Project : resettlement action plan - Formations, Etudes Conseils (2006)
This Second Post Primary Education Project in Burkina Faso, will improve, access to, and the quality of education, including teaching improvements, within an institutional strengthening, and capacity building framework in the Ministry of Education. Additionally, construction of schools and facilities will be included, conducive to land acquisition and resettlement, affecting local populations. This resettlement policy framework proposes compensation as follows. Individual and family compensation will be provided be it in kind, cash, or land replacement, payable at market values in the national currency, based on personal choices. In kind compensation will be provided for crop losses, seeds, agricultural products, and includes as well, credit finance for equipment. Moving expenses will be provided as needed, monitoring criteria will be in place, as will grievance mechanisms should conflict occur.
openalex: W841835120 mag: 841835120
Keywords: openalex:import

Meaningful learning? Gendered experiences with an NGO-sponsored literacy program in rural Mali - Fuhriman, Addie; Ballif-Spanvill, Bonnie; Ward, Carol; Solomon, Yodit; Widdison-Jones, Kacey (Ethnography and education (Print), 2006)
This paper examines the effectiveness of an NGO-sponsored literacy program in rural Mali. The study employs ethnographic techniques to examine the type of literacy instruction provided, the level of participation, the meanings of literacy to participants, and the contextual factors that influence the social and personal effects of literacy. The analyses reveal that the program has been more advantageous for men, particularly in terms of opportunities for the use of literacy skills. Oversight of the cultural context combined with programmatic challenges including failure of the NGO to meet its own critical literacy goals have limited women's ability to access and derive benefits from the literacy program.
openalex: W1995438523 mag: 1995438523
Keywords: openalex:import

Organizational Health of the Elementary Schools in Gaza Strip from the Viewpoint of School Principals and Teachers - Hajjar, Raed H. (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2006)
The study aims at exploring the level of organizational health for UNRWA schools in Gaza Strip.Methodology of the study is based on a questionnaire consisting of five dimensions (institutional integrity, integrated leadership, resources influence, teacher affiliation and academic emphasis).The questionnaire was distributed to a sample composed of (30) schools from south Gaza Governorates which contained (30) principals and (520) teachers.The researcher concluded that the level of organizational health was positive (70%) and the results showed that there were significant differences among the principals' and teachers' perceptions of organizational health and in favor of the principals, whereas there were no significant differences between the principals' and teachers' perceptions towards organizational health due to the variable of experience.In the light of these findings, the study suggested an integrated perspective for improving school organizational health, including the following: justifications, features and implementation requirements.
openalex: W2978157269 mag: 2978157269
Keywords: openalex:import

Evaluating the use of WebCT in teaching at the Islamic University of Gaza - Hammad, Rawad; Abushaban, Sumer (2006)
This research aimed at evaluating the use of WebCT in teaching at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) by revealing its advantages and difficulties from the perspectives of: professors, students, and technicians. To fulfill the aim of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive analytical method. They prepared three questionnaires which distributed to the participants. Each one consists of two domains: advantages and difficulties of using WebCT in teaching. Three groups: professors, students and technicians at IUG; were participated to complete the research questionnaires. Frequency, percentage and relative mean were used to analysis the data statistically. The results showed that: - Professors’ responses on the advantages of using WebCT in university teaching were scored high ratio for strongly agree and agree, which means that professors got a lot of advantages out of using WebCT in teaching, such as: motivating them to use recent technology and developing their computer skills. - There were some difficulties in using WebCT according to Professors’ responses, such as: needing effort and time to design effective WebCT course and difficulties in tracking huge number of students in many courses. - There was a general agreement among students on the advantages of using WebCT in teaching, such as: decreasing the opportunity for practicing book-based learning model and developing students’ computer skills. - There were no serious difficulties facing IUG students in using WebCT, except: needing internet access to skim electronic resources and lacking of well-equipment laboratories parallel with students’ huge numbers. - Technicians’ responses on the advantages of using WebCT in teaching were scored high ratio for strongly agree and agree choices, for example: giving opportunity to store/retrieve a lot of questions and providing ability to reveal and hide course contents. - There were some serious difficulties in using WebCT according to technicians’ responses, which are: no support for Arabic language in Glossary tool, absence of voice chat between professor and his students, weakness of users’ (professors and students) computer skills, and negative attitude toward employing elearning from the perspectives of some professors and students.
openalex: W2157859848 mag: 2157859848
Keywords: openalex:import

Epidemiology of hypertension among a population of school children in Sousse, Tunisia - Harrabi, Imed; Belarbia, A.; Gaha, Rafika; Essoussi, A. S.; Ghannem, H. (Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2006)
Pediatric hypertension is a field of increasing interest and importance. Early identification of children at risk for hypertension is important to prevent the serious, long-term complications associated with the condition. In Tunisia, there are no data available on the cardiovascular disease risk profile, such as hypertension, in the population of children.To establish the prevalence of hypertension, the percentile distribution of blood pressure and the inter-relationships between hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors among school children.An epidemiological survey was conducted based on a representative sample of 1569 urban school children in Sousse, Tunisia.The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 9.6%, with no significant difference between boys (9.2%) and girls (9.9%). The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 6.4% and 4.5%, respectively. In both boys and girls, systolic pressure had a highly significant positive correlation with height (boys: r=0.33, P<0.001; girls: r=0.08, P=0.02), weight (boys: r=0.47, P < or = 0.001; girls: r=0.35, P<0.001) and triglyceride concentrations (boys: r=0.13, P<0.001; girls: r=0.10, P=0.006). Among boys, a positive correlation was found between systolic blood pressure and age (r=0.12, P=0.001) and, among girls, a negative correlation was found (r=-0.12, P=0.001).This information will be used to help launch a regional program of heart health promotion in schools.
openalex: W2111162739 mag: 2111162739
Keywords: openalex:import

Medical students and tobacco in 2004: a survey in Sousse, Tunisia. - Harrabi, Imed; Ghannem, H.; Kacem, Mehdi Belhaj; Gaha, Rafika; Abdelaziz, Ahmed Ben; Tessier, J.F. (PubMed, 2006)
To assess the behaviour, knowledge and attitudes towards smoking among medical students in Sousse, Tunisia.A cross-sectional survey in classroom settings using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted at the School of Medicine during September 2004.The numbers of students who entered the first and the fifth years of medical training at the University of Sousse in 2004 and completed the questionnaire were respectively 120 and 110. The population age ranged from 18 to 21 years (mean 19 +/- 0.62 years) in first year students and from 22 to 30 years (mean 23 +/- 1.38 years) in fifth year students. The prevalence of daily smoking (both sexes combined) was 4.5% among first year students and 16.7% among final year students. The prevalence of daily smoking according to sex was 29.6% among boys and 0.7% among girls. Over 90% of students thought smoking was harmful to health, but there was considerable underestimation of its causal role in a number of diseases, notably coronary heart disease, bladder cancer and peripheral vascular disease. There were important defects in both knowledge and motivation regarding counselling patients to stop smoking.The results of this study may provide baseline data to develop an anti-smoking programme in the university.
openalex: W31755414 mag: 31755414
Keywords: openalex:import

African American School Counselors: Their Perceptions of Biracial Individuals - Harris, Henry L. (Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 2006)
openalex: W2888244142 mag: 2888244142
Keywords: openalex:import

Late Quaternary climate–ocean changes in western North Africa: offshore geochemical evidence - Haslett, Simon K.; Davies, C. F. C. (Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2006)
Understanding the North African response to natural climatic variability has become an important research focus in recent years, especially considering the uncertain influence of anthropogenic warming to present and future climate changes. Historic climatic perturbations are associated with changes in Atlantic circulation, which in turn have been linked to water resource and land degradation issues in North Africa. In this paper, Late Quaternary climate–ocean changes affecting western North Africa are investigated to provide a temporal contribution to the debate. Major and trace element palaeoenvironmental proxies recorded in a radiocarbon dated sediment core collected under an upwelling cell, offshore Cap Blanc (Mauritania), are analysed. Element groups representing terrigenous (Saharan dust) and biogenic (marine plankton) input, and ocean‐bottom redox conditions, indicate that the region is sensitive to previously documented North Atlantic climate–ocean perturbations, such as Bond Cycles, Heinrich and Dansgaard‐Oeschger events. Additionally, the African Humid Period is recognized and related to an intensification of the African monsoon system that enhanced North East Trade Wind driven upwelling. It appears from this study that North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature strongly influences North African precipitation throughout the Late Quaternary, with Atlantic sea‐surface warming associated with enhanced North African aridity.
openalex: W2146387837 mag: 2146387837
Keywords: openalex:import

Counternarratives of Moroccan parents in Belgium and The Netherlands: answering back to discrimination in education and society - Hermans, Philip (Ethnography and Education, 2006)
Using ethnographic interviews this study reveals that a great deal of discontent and criticism surfaces when Moroccans who live in Belgium and the Netherlands speak about the education their children receive in these countries. They often see Western schools and society as immoral and racist while they portray themselves as first-class educators. Set against the backdrop of the dominant discourses in these countries as expressed in interviews with teachers, newspaper articles and political discourses, these parents’ utterances are interpreted as counternarratives through which they assert their moral responsibility and lay claim to their dignity in societies where they are too often framed in terms of problems and deficit.
openalex: W1964831058 mag: 1964831058
Keywords: openalex:import

University teaching in South Africa: An African philosophical perspective - Higgs, Philip; Wyk, Berte van (New Directions for Higher Education, 2006)
Abstract A new philosophical perspective is suggested that would transform and Africanize curricula, teaching, and learning in South African universities.
openalex: W2054734617 mag: 2054734617
Keywords: openalex:import

The medical instructional questionnaire used to assess the quality of South African medical education : original research - Huyssteen, M.I.W. Van; Blitz-Lindeque, JJ (South African Family Practice, 2006)
Background: Clinical training for medical students in the USA moved away from teaching hospitals to outpatient settings in diverse communities. It was thought that this use of ambulatory settings might adversely affect the quality of training of medical students and complicate control of the opportunities to which the individual student would be exposed. Concerns about the quality of medical training led to the development of a questionnaire to measure students' perceptions of their instruction. James and Shipengrover of the State University of New York at Buffalo developed and tested this studentcompleted questionnaire, the Medical Instructional Questionnaire (Med Ed IQ) , which was based on quality improvement theory and grounded in experiential learning theory. Four constructs that contribute to instruction are measured by the questionnaire: preceptor activities that facilitate learning, learning opportunities, the learning environment and learner involvement. These constructs are measured as processes and are not intended to assess student performance. Many programme directors have an idea of which clinical sites and teachers provide better training, but a validated assessment of the process of instruction is necessary. To this end, the Med Ed IQ questionnaire has been tried and tested, and it has been suggested that, being a valid and reliable tool, it might assist in programme evaluation and provide benchmarks of quality over time to improve instruction in community-based practices. The clinical demands on clinician- teachers are heavy, and it is very important to help them achieve their educational objectives without diminishing their productivity. Devoting attention to conditions that improve the processes of teaching and learning, and measures that help monitor the quality of instruction in these settings, can therefore be beneficial.3 Among the implications of the use of the instrument is the provision of more specific feedback to preceptors on how to improve their quality of instruction. At the University of Pretoria in South Africa, several clinics are used in the experience-based training of senior medical students. The quality of the education that these students receive may vary between the different clinics because of different trainers who handle the circumstances and the students differently, different settings with different opportunities, and different patients who present different kinds of problems. We chose the Med Ed IQ questionnaire to elicit senior medical students' perceptions of the quality of training they received, their view of the preceptor and the benefits gained from active participation, and then compared the responses of the students who worked at the different clinics in order to identify problems and make recommendations to the clinician-teachers and the management of the different clinics. Methods: The Medical Instructional Questionnaire was used to determine students' perceptions of the quality of the training they received and to determine whether their perceptions of the different clinics varied. At the conclusion of their clinical training rotation in Family Medicine, 251 final-year medical students completed the 33-item questionnaire. Testing started in March 2003, and the last group completed the questionnaire in November 2003. Results: Differences between the different clinics used as training sites were identified on the basis of four constructs: clinicianteachers' impact on the learner, experience gained, benefits of and problems relating to the clinic. Conclusions: The results identify differences between the different clinics that can be used to identify problem areas and recommend to clinician-teachers where to improve their instruction. The results serve to verify the applicability of this instrument, which was first tested in the USA, to assess student perceptions of medical instruction in South Africa.
openalex: W2264733437 mag: 2264733437
Keywords: openalex:import

The medical instructional questionnaire used to assess the quality of South African medical education - Huyssteen, Miw Van; Blitz-Lindeque, JJ (South African Family Practice, 2006)
BackgroundClinical training for medical students in the USA moved away from teaching hospitals to outpatient settings in diverse communities. It was thought that this use of ambulatory settings might adversely affect the quality of training of medical students and complicate control of the opportunities to which the individual student would be exposed.Concerns about the quality of medical training led to the development of a questionnaire to measure students' perceptions of their instruction. James and Shipengrover of the State University of New York at Buffalo developed and tested this student-completed questionnaire, the Medical Instructional Questionnaire (Med Ed IQ), which was based on quality improvement theory and grounded in experiential learning theory.Four constructs that contribute to instruction are measured by the questionnaire: preceptor activities that facilitate learning, learning opportunities, the learning environment and learner involvement. These constructs are measured as processes and are not intended to assess student performance.Many programme directors have an idea of which clinical sites and teachers provide better training, but a validated assessment of the process of instruction is necessary. To this end, the Med Ed IQ questionnaire has been tried and tested, and it has been suggested that, being a valid and reliable tool, it might assist in programme evaluation and provide benchmarks of quality over time to improve instruction in community-based practices.The clinical demands on clinician- teachers are heavy, and it is very important to help them achieve their educational objectives without diminishing their productivity. Devoting attention to conditions that improve the processes of teaching and learning, and measures that help monitor the quality of instruction in these settings, can therefore be beneficial.3 Among the implications of the use of the instrument is the provision of more specific feedback to preceptors on how to improve their quality of instruction.At the University of Pretoria in South Africa, several clinics are used in the experience-based training of senior medical students. The quality of the education that these students receive may vary between the different clinics because of different trainers who handle the circumstances and the students differently, different settings with different opportunities, and different patients who present different kinds of problems.We chose the Med Ed IQ questionnaire to elicit senior medical students' perceptions of the quality of training they received, their view of the preceptor and the benefits gained from active participation, and then compared the responses of the students who worked at the different clinics in order to identify problems and make recommendations to the clinician-teachers and the management of the different clinics.MethodsThe Medical Instructional Questionnaire was used to determine students' perceptions of the quality of the training they received and to determine whether their perceptions of the different clinics varied. At the conclusion of their clinical training rotation in Family Medicine, 251 final-year medical students completed the 33-item questionnaire. Testing started in March 2003, and the last group completed the questionnaire in November 2003.ResultsDifferences between the different clinics used as training sites were identified on the basis of four constructs: clinician-teachers' impact on the learner, experience gained, benefits of and problems relating to the clinic.ConclusionsThe results identify differences between the different clinics that can be used to identify problem areas and recommend to clinician-teachers where to improve their instruction. The results serve to verify the applicability of this instrument, which was first tested in the USA, to assess student perceptions of medical instruction in South Africa.
openalex: W2111178032 mag: 2111178032
Keywords: openalex:import

Quality of Care in African-American Patients Admitted for Congestive Heart Failure at a University Teaching Hospital - Ilksoy, Nurcan; Moore, Reneé H.; Easley, Kirk A.; Jacobson, Terry A. (The American Journal of Cardiology, 2006)
Previous studies have shown that the quality of congestive heart failure (CHF) treatment for hospitalized patients varies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the compliance of physicians at a large, inner-city teaching hospital with current evidence-based guidelines. A retrospective review of the medical records of 104 patients admitted with CHF was conducted. Quality-of-care indicators were assessed, including the use of echocardiograms, the administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta blockers to appropriate patients, and lifestyle and medication counseling at discharge. The assessment of left ventricular (LV) function was documented in 96.1% of patients (n = 100). A total of 65 patients (92.8%) with systolic dysfunction were considered to be ideal candidates for ACE inhibitor therapy. Of these 65 patients, 58 (89.2%) were discharged on ACE inhibitors. Of 41 patients with LV systolic dysfunction who were considered to be ideal candidates for beta-blocker therapy, only 10 (24.4%) were discharged on beta-blocker therapy. Of all patients with CHF, 50% received discharge counseling on medication compliance, 48% received counseling on a low-salt diet, and only 9% were told to monitor daily weight. This study shows that in a major academic teaching hospital, there is a need for improvement in the use of beta-blocker therapy as well as greater emphasis on patient education strategies regarding diet, medication adherence, and monitoring daily weight.
openalex: W2007321189 mag: 2007321189
Keywords: openalex:import

Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital - Issa, B. A.; Baiyewu, Olusegun (Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 2006)
Objective: To assess the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus and to determine the clinical and sociodemographic factors that affect the quality of life of these patients. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 251 patients with diabetes mellitus attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The World Health Organization quality of life instrument, short version and a sociodemographic questionnaire was administered to assess quality of life. Results: Most of the respondents performed fairly well on the World Health Organization quality of life instrument, short version. Poor quality of life was associated with some of the physical complications of diabetes mellitus, lower income, lower educational status, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Lower income, lower education, low-rated employment, and physical complications adversely affect the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus. Such factors need to be addressed by caregivers and physicians managing these patients.
openalex: W179926157 mag: 179926157
Keywords: openalex:import

Integration of Life Skills and HIV/AIDS into the South African Schools' Life Orientation Curriculum creating a model for NGO's - Jennings, Marianne (2006)
openalex: W1901709408 mag: 1901709408
Keywords: openalex:import

The relationship between the mathematics identities of primary school teachers and new curriculum reforms in South Africa - Jita, Loyiso C.; Vandeyar, Saloshna (2006)
Based on life history accounts of two elementary school teachers in South Africa, this article examines the construction of two teachers' mathematics identities. In the article we juxtapose these identities with the identity forms that are envisaged by the policymakers and the mathematics reforms currently underway in the country. Using the data on contradictions between the reformer's visions and the teachers' accounts of their lived experiences and identities, we construct an account of why the goals of reforming mathematics in primary school classrooms in South Africa continue to elude even this latest set of reform proposals. We conclude by exploring some possibilities for bridging the divide in order to transform mathematics teaching and learning in the South African classrooms and elsewhere. 1 A version of this article was first presented at the Southern African Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES) conference at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, 30 October – 1 November, 2002. Perspectives in Education, Volume 24(1), March 2006
openalex: W1553612610 mag: 1553612610
Keywords: openalex:import

The Relationship between the Mathematics Identities of Primary School Teachers and New Curriculum Reforms in South Africa. Research Article. - Jita, Loyiso C.; Vandeyar, Saloshna (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
Based on life history accounts of two elementary school teachers in South Africa, this article examines the construction of two teachers' mathematics identities. In the article we juxtapose these identities with the identity forms that are envisaged by the policymakers and the mathematics reforms currently underway in the country. Using the data on contradictions between the reformer's visions and the teachers' accounts of their lived experiences and identities, we construct an account of why the goals of reforming mathematics in primary school classrooms in South Africa continue to elude even this latest set of reform proposals. We conclude by exploring some possibilities for bridging the divide in order to transform mathematics teaching and learning in the South African classrooms and elsewhere.
openalex: W322354763 mag: 322354763
Keywords: openalex:import

Gambia, The - Third Education Project : environmental and social management framework - John, Malick A. K. (2006)
The objective of the Third Education Project for Gambia is to improvement of educational standards throughout the country irrespective of gender or age. Negative impacts include: air pollution during the burning of some work site wastes; soil and water pollution due to seepage from tanks; contamination of water supply sources; blocked and overflowing latrines (health risks); lack of water for sanitation or toilet facilities; animals serve as vectors from latrines of flies and rodents carriers of diseases; degradation or depletion of vegetation and soil around water points; and displacement or reduction of wildlife populations by loss of habitat. Mitigation measures include: 1) regular collection and evacuation of work site refuse towards authorized dumps; 2) conduct an awareness raising campaign for the work sites staff and the users of school infrastructures (schoolboys, teachers, etc.); 3) careful planning and selection of new installation sites; 4) protect water resources, discharges of liquid waste at designated outfalls after effluent treatment; 5) ensure the installation of adequate water supply facilities and or water reservoirs with enough capacity; 6) establish a system to support the employment of caretakers or use of routine cleaning and maintenance services; 7) mix animal species to maximize use of vegetation resources; 8) rehabilitate degraded areas nearby as wildlife habitat; 9) proper management of animal processing facilities to reduce health impacts; and 10) concentrations of pollutants in air and surface and groundwater's.
openalex: W331878543 mag: 331878543
Keywords: openalex:import