Gambia, The - Third Education Project : environmental and social management framework - John, Malick A. K. (2006)
The objective of the Third Education Project for Gambia is to improvement of educational standards throughout the country irrespective of gender or age. Negative impacts include: air pollution during the burning of some work site wastes; soil and water pollution due to seepage from tanks; contamination of water supply sources; blocked and overflowing latrines (health risks); lack of water for sanitation or toilet facilities; animals serve as vectors from latrines of flies and rodents carriers of diseases; degradation or depletion of vegetation and soil around water points; and displacement or reduction of wildlife populations by loss of habitat. Mitigation measures include: 1) regular collection and evacuation of work site refuse towards authorized dumps; 2) conduct an awareness raising campaign for the work sites staff and the users of school infrastructures (schoolboys, teachers, etc.); 3) careful planning and selection of new installation sites; 4) protect water resources, discharges of liquid waste at designated outfalls after effluent treatment; 5) ensure the installation of adequate water supply facilities and or water reservoirs with enough capacity; 6) establish a system to support the employment of caretakers or use of routine cleaning and maintenance services; 7) mix animal species to maximize use of vegetation resources; 8) rehabilitate degraded areas nearby as wildlife habitat; 9) proper management of animal processing facilities to reduce health impacts; and 10) concentrations of pollutants in air and surface and groundwater's.
openalex: W331878543 mag: 331878543
Keywords: openalex:import

A study of educational management practices in secondary schools and their implications for in-service training of head teachers: a survey of Kitui and Machakos districts, Kenya - Kalai, Jeremiah M. (2006)
openalex: W988751724 mag: 988751724
Keywords: openalex:import

ITEM System Usage in the Ministry of Education in Botswana - Kereteletse, Omponoye C.; Selwood, Ian (2006)
In this paper some of the results of a study that evaluated system usage of the computerised information system implemented by the Ministry of Education (MoE) in Botswana are presented. The system was implemented to manage the teaching human resource. Evaluation of the use of this new system was based on the users’ perception of their ability to use the ITEM system directly, or indirectly, and a detailed analysis of factors that influence system usage. The magnitude of external training, perceived quality of information provided, and computer experience of the MoE staff explained considerable amounts of variance in direct use of the system implemented by the MoE in Botswana. Whereas the amount of external training, and perceived quality of information provided and output options explained considerable amounts of variance in indirect use of the system implemented by the MoE in Botswana.
openalex: W1468868837 mag: 1468868837
Keywords: openalex:import

Tensions in Facilitating Higher Education‐Industry Research Partnerships in High Technology Fields in South Africa - Kruss, Glenda (Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 2006)
Based on a study of research partnerships with industry across the higher education sector in three high technology fields in South Africa, the paper identifies five key tensions, the resolution of which shapes the way partnerships are facilitated and constrained in distinct institutional contexts. The paper highlights the significance of policy coherence between organizational levels within an institution, the importance of seeking a balance between financial and intellectual research imperatives, the necessity of promoting a strategic balance between the forms of partnership that are allowed and encouraged to develop, and the need for flexible regulation within institutions to provide levers and incentives without being heavy‐handed or constricting.
openalex: W1979193926 mag: 1979193926
Keywords: openalex:import

Nonformal Education, Political Participation, and Democracy: Findings from Senegal - Kuenzi, Michelle (Political Behavior, 2006)
openalex: W2071239334 mag: 2071239334
Keywords: openalex:import

The quality assurance of teaching and learning in higher education in South Africa : an analysis of national policy development and stakeholder response - Luckett, K. (2006)
openalex: W2103637120 mag: 2103637120
Keywords: openalex:import

Pragmatism or Transformation? Participatory Evaluation of a Humanitarian Education Project in Sierra Leone - Maclure, Richard (Canadian journal of program evaluation, 2006)
Abstract: Although participatory evaluation (PE) is now widely acknowledged as a potentially useful way to assess international development assistance programs, there is little documented evidence of participatory approaches being incorporated into evaluations of humanitarian aid for populations living in emergency situations. Two principal streams, practical participatory evaluation (P-PE) and transformative participatory evaluation (T-PE), are pertinent to international aid programs. Yet because these two approaches to PE are rooted in different goals and procedures, it is unclear how pragmatic and transformative dynamics can be integral to participatory evaluations of humanitarian aid. The example of an evaluation of a humanitarian education project for displaced children in wartorn Sierra Leone reveals the practical benefits that can accrue from even limited stakeholder participation in the inquiry process. In addition, while the evaluation of rapid education was not a transformative intervention, it nonetheless generated insights into the challenges of fostering incremental social transformation in a post-war context.
openalex: W4366451365
Keywords: openalex:import

Adult Education, Deliberative Democracy and Social Re-engagement in Africa - Maruatona, Tonic (Journal of Developing Societies, 2006)
While the western powers credit globalization with facilitating development, Africa continues to face challenges such as poverty, low quality education, HIV/AIDS, and ineffective governance. This article provides an overview of African development since independence arguing that the African states shifted from their service-based policy agenda of the 1960s during the boom and bust period in the 1970s and 1980s, experienced the drastic effects of structural adjustments in the 1990s, and are now attempting to pursue an African renaissance agenda. It demonstrates how adult educators can help create deliberative democracy by working with civil society to engage African communities in public discourse and empower the citizenry.
openalex: W2156716398 mag: 2156716398
Keywords: openalex:import

Reductions in blood lead levels among school children following the introduction of unleaded petrol in South Africa - Mathee, Angela; Röllin, Halina B.; Schirnding, Yasmin von; Levin, Jonathan; Naik, Inakshi (Environmental Research, 2006)
Epidemiological studies have indicated that in the 1980s and early 1990s (a period in which petrol lead concentrations in South Africa ranged from 0.836 to 0.4 g/L), large proportions of urban South African children were at risk of excessive exposure to environmental lead. In 1991, when the maximum permissible petrol lead concentration in the country equaled 0.4 g/L, a study determined that the mean blood lead level among children attending inner city schools in the Cape Peninsula equaled 16 microg/dL, with well over 90% of children having blood lead levels equaling or exceeding the internationally accepted guideline level of 10 microg/dL. Socio economic status, housing conditions, and proximity of children's schools and homes to heavily trafficked roads were among the factors significantly associated with blood lead concentrations. In 1996, unleaded petrol was introduced in South Africa. A study undertaken in 2002 (at the same schools as in 1991), when unleaded petrol constituted around 30% of the market share of petrol in the country, has shown significant reductions in the mean blood lead concentration among Cape Peninsula inner city children and in the proportion of children with elevated blood lead levels. The mean blood lead level for the total sample (n = 429) of children whose mean age equaled 7 years (range: 5-11 years) was 6.4 microg/dL (range: 1.0-24.5 microg/dL) and 10% of children had blood lead levels equalling or exceeding 10 microg/dL. The mean blood lead levels among children attending schools in an inner city and in a less heavily trafficked periurban suburb were 6.9 and 4.8 microg/dL, respectively.
openalex: W2066055978 mag: 2066055978
Keywords: openalex:import

Forest governance and social justice: practical tactics from a learning group approach in Africa - Mayers, James; Bila, Alberto Teodoro; Khaukha, S.; Opoku, Kofi Baffuor; Simwela, W. (International forestry review, 2006)
SUMMARY People's livelihoods and the forests upon which they depend are frequently threatened because people are marginalized from governance. The Forest Governance Learning Group is an independent alliance developing practical tactics for making progress in such situations in Africa. It recognises that the current international drive to combat illegal forestry could do more harm than good if social justice is not brought centre-stage. In Malawi and Mozambique sub-groups have recognised the real danger that communities will disengage from forest stewardship unless practical mechanisms for their ownership and responsibility are found. In Uganda, a sub-group has used the space created by decentralisation and high-profile cases of timber trade corruption to develop improved systems. In Ghana, the work points to the potential powder keg created at community level by those involved in flouting the law and over-harvesting timber. A renegotiation amongst stakeholders through forest forums is being called for in ...
openalex: W2163738697 mag: 2163738697
Keywords: openalex:import

An examination of the vocational education and training reform debate in Southern Africa - McGrath, Simon; Akoojee, Salim; Gewer, Anthony; Mabizela, Mahlubi; Mbele, Nimrod; Roberts, Jennifer (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2006)
This paper explores the role that vocational education and training (VET) can play in Southern African responses to major socio‐economic challenges. It argues that this role will be most pronounced if it is articulated within a broader educational and economic vision that is shared by a range of stakeholders in society and supported by an adequate funding base, effective information systems and qualified and motivated planners and implementers. However, it cautions that it is also important to remember that VET reform will not in itself transform economies or societies. The paper argues that there is considerable convergence within Southern Africa around 10 themes of VET reform. It argues that there is much that is of merit in the current broad package for VET transformation but that it is essential that it is carefully critiqued and that elements are adapted to national circumstances and visions.
openalex: W1967925381 mag: 1967925381
Keywords: openalex:import

The experience of black African religious education trainee teachers training in England - Mead, Nick (British Journal of Religious Education, 2006)
This study addresses issues surrounding the recruitment and training of black African religious education teachers within the context of the government’s intention to make the teaching profession more representative of the wider community. In relation to this there is a strong emphasis in the Teacher Training Agency’s Qualifying to Teach on selection procedures which promote equality of opportunity and the recognition of individual training needs. The study is informed by the work of Sikes and Everington who have highlighted the place of religion and culture within the personal histories of religious education teachers. Black African members of two successive cohorts of PGCE students are tracked to identify their training needs in relation to their cultural and religious backgrounds. The data identifies four cultural and religious factors which impact on their training to teach religious education in the UK. Finally, as advised by the Carrington Report, recommendations are made for the practice of teacher educators.
openalex: W2042649766 mag: 2042649766
Keywords: openalex:import

School textbooks and assembling the puzzle of the past in revolutionary Egypt - Meital, Yoram (Middle Eastern Studies, 2006)
Numerous studies have emphasized the crucial role that modern states' education systems play in inculcating overarching national narratives, thus fostering allegiance to nation and state. This is m...
openalex: W2002802654 mag: 2002802654
Keywords: openalex:import

IDENTIFYING SOME CONSTRAINTS IN FIRST YEAR ECONOMICS TEACHING AND LEARNING AT A TYPICAL SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY - Merwe, Alex van der (South African Journal of Economics, 2006)
This paper examines possible determinants of economics 1 performance at the Riverside campus of the Durban Institute of Technology. The study finds that high school subjects taken, age and gender are not significantly associated with economics achievement. Learner motivation, however, does appear to be associated with economics performance. Specifically, learners may find it difficult to relate meaningfully to the discipline's real content at least partly as a consequence of the philosophical framework within which it is delivered and partly because they do not have the textbook. A well-designed learner guide and workbook could go some way to demonstrating the relevance of economics and instilling in students more effective learning methods. The result could be a virtuous cycle of improved performance and greater learner motivation.
openalex: W2043248485 mag: 2043248485
Keywords: openalex:import

Classroom Racial Proportion: Influence on Self-Concept and Social Competence in Zimbabwean Adolescents - Mpofu, Elias; Thomas, Kenneth R. (The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2006)
The authors measured self-concept and social competence relationships in 372 Zimbabwean adolescents (41% Black, 59% White) who attended classrooms in which they were either a racial minority or a racial majority (M age = 12.95 years, SD = 1.47). The authors used self-, peer-, and teacher-rating scale sociometric measures of social competence and a multidimensional measure of self-concept. The regression analysis predicted self-concept from social competence measures. Teacher-rated social competence predicted physical appearance self-concept in the Black adolescents and reading self-concept in White adolescents in White-majority classrooms. Self-rated social competence and peer-rated social competence predicted school self-concept in Black adolescents attending Black-majority classrooms. The authors concluded that classroom racial proportions influence aspects of social perception of Black and White adolescents.
openalex: W2091291021 mag: 2091291021
Keywords: openalex:import

Education for Social Change: Girls' Secondary Schooling in Eritrea - Müller, Tanja R. (Development and Change, 2006)
One central pillar of the Eritrean revolution is the modernization of gender roles within Eritrean society, through education. This article, based on ethnographic style research, looks at the personal experiences of young women in Eritrean secondary schools. These girls’ journeys are discussed in terms of gender resistance, exemplifying modernity, and gender accommodation, exemplifying tradition. It is argued that these categories are not as dichotomous as claimed by the education policy agenda: in contrast, many young women strive to find a balance between the two. Ultimately, the success of the Eritrean model of the modernization of gender roles should be measured in terms of having created an environment in which women are able to strive to fulfil their aspirations.
openalex: W2077354867 mag: 2077354867
Keywords: openalex:import

Acculturation and Integration Patterns among Indian and African University Students in South Africa - Naidoo, Josephine C.; Mahabeer, M. (Psychology and Developing Societies, 2006)
South Africa is a country in transition. Apartheid, akin to “ethnic cleansing”, created a siege ingroup mentality. The 1994 democratic elections ushered in the “Rainbow” nation. In this historical context, this exploratory study of acculturation and integration to western culture by young people of non–western origins was conducted. A sample of 63 African and 106 Indian, male and female students at the University of Durban–Westville (now part of the University of KwaZulu–Natal) was administered the Berry Acculturation Scale (1986), Naidoo Measure of Value Preferences (1986), and Triandis Individualism–Collectivism Scale (1990). Questions posed were: (a) What mode of acculturation to western culture do African and Indian students prefer; (b) what values do they admire and adopt from the dominant western individualistic value systems; (c) do these cultural groups retain ancestral collectivist values; and (d) what intergroup social/work contacts occur. Significant findings were obtained based on appropriate ANOVAS for data derived from the two ethnic groups and genders for the three measures used. Both groups shared commonalities, favouring integration of ancestral collectivist and western individualistic values; both expressed selectivity to western values. Both groups desired western education, careers, and opportunity for all, but also wanted to retain core collectivist family values. Indians felt strongly about the retention of religious values; Africans were staunch Christian. Women participants looked to the western culture for new feminist values. Indians had lost their ancestral languages but both shared English. The implications of the commonalities for ethno–gender co–existence in “Rainbow” South Africa have been discussed.
openalex: W2118092743 mag: 2118092743
Keywords: openalex:import

Book Review: Speaking African: African Languages for Education and Development - Ogutu, James N. (Discourse & Society, 2006)
openalex: W2088470588 mag: 2088470588
Keywords: openalex:import

DISTANCE EDUCATION AS A WOMEN EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY IN AFRICA - Olakulein, Felix Kayode; Ojo, Olugbenga David (The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2006)
Women emancipation through empowerment all over the world is at its peak and Africans generally are not left out. It is an attempt to make sure that women’s voices are heard and are given their right places in the scheme of things. Nonetheless, the issue of educational attainment of women considering the low level of girls’ education in Africa is at a negative variance to attaining women position since certain educational attainments are required to function effectively in the various available organs; be it work place, group or committees of local or international standing. This paper therefore stresses the use of open and distance institution in Nigeria as an avenue to attain knowledge and education that would put women in a better stead toward achieving their aims and aspirations.
openalex: W2428575171 mag: 2428575171
Keywords: openalex:import

A Study of the Sexual Behaviour of University Undergraduate Students in Southwestern Nigeria - Omoteso, Bonke Adepeju (Journal of Social Sciences, 2006)
This study examined the sexual behaviour of the university undergraduate students in Southwestern Nigeria. It investigated the influence of demograhic variables such as age, gender, religion and family background on the student sexual behaviour. The study is a survey. The population comprised the undergraduate students of three purposively selected universities in Southwestern Nigeria. From this a sample of 2106 students was selected by stratified random sampling technique. Sexual Behaviour Inventory (SBI) was used to elicit information from the students. Data were analysed using percentages, ANOVA and t-test. The results of the data analysis indicated that 54% of the students had steady boy/girl friends, 63% had had sexual intercourse, 43% had sexual intercourse with their lovers while 20% had sexual intercourse with «just somebody». Ninety per cent often engaged in hand holding, 39.5% in kissing, 58% in hugging and 52.5% in carressing. Student gender and family background had significant influences on the student sexual behaviour (t =-3.46, p < .05) and (F = 2.44, p < .05) but student age and student religion had no significant influence on student sexual behaviour, ( F =.939, p > .05) and (F = 1.88 > .05).
openalex: W1531606107 mag: 1531606107
Keywords: openalex:import

Vocationalism in Nigerian Education - Oni, C. S. (Journal of Social Sciences, 2006)
AbstarctThe paper examines the concept of Vocationalism in Nigerian Education. In pursuance of this objective, the author takes a look at the historical background of vocational education in Nigeria, student enrolments, staff, and financial problems in vocational institutions in the country. The paper concludes with suggestions on how Nigeria can create technological value that will reflect on the concept of voationalism in Nigerian Education.
openalex: W2186934516 mag: 2186934516
Keywords: openalex:import

The psychology of adult learning in Africa : African perspectives on adult learning, Thomas Fasokun, Anne Katahoire and Akpovire Oduaraan : book review - Osman, Ruksana (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
Extracted from text ... Perspectives in Education, Volume 24(1), March 2006 106 The psychology of adult learning in Africa: African perspectives on adult learning Thomas Fasokun, Anne Katahoire and Akpovire Oduaraan, 2005 Cape Town: Unesco and Pearson Education ISBN 92 820 1117 8 172pp REVIEWED BY RUKSANA OSMAN This co-authored book intends to provide adult educators in Africa with useful guidelines for implementing adult education programmes in a wide variety of organisational contexts from universities to communities. It recognises that adult educators span these contexts and the book undertakes to equip adult educators with the knowledge and practices that make up adult education ..
openalex: W970806252 mag: 970806252
Keywords: openalex:import

Basic Education Awareness Campaign Conducted In Niger With Trade Unions, Parents’ Representatives and Political Authorities at Various Levels - Oumarou, Hamissou; Namata, Issa (PROSPECTS, 2006)
openalex: W2013247693 mag: 2013247693
Keywords: openalex:import

THE EFFECT OF STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS ON ACHIEVEMENT IN INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS IN SOUTH AFRICA - Parker, Kudayja (South African Journal of Economics, 2006)
This paper uses OLS regression analysis to examine the effect of student characteristics on performance in Introductory Microeconomics at five South African universities. No consistent race-effects were found, but Indian students performed significantly worse than Whites at historically-White universities. Male students outperformed females in general. Older students did better at the historically-White institutions only. At one university, Black students who speak English as their home language outperformed those who are non-English speakers. Students who devoted more time to study outside formal classes did better in general. Greater verbal and mathematical ability had large and significant positive effects on student achievement.
openalex: W2000364850 mag: 2000364850
Keywords: openalex:import

Master Plan for Education in the Year 2000: The Experience of Mauritius - Parsuramen, Armoogum (Prospects (Paris), 2006)
openalex: W1990016997 mag: 1990016997
Keywords: openalex:import

Human resource development and growth: improving access to and equity in the provision of education and health services in South Africa - Pillay, Pundy (Development Southern Africa, 2006)
This paper demonstrates the importance of improving access to and equity in the provision of essential services such as education and health for enhancing human development. A major constraint to accelerating and sustaining economic growth in South Africa is the shortage of skilled human resources. Human capital formation (through appropriate education, training and health) is vital for growth. However, for sustained growth to reduce poverty and unemployment, human capital of a ‘higher order’ than the system is currently producing, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, must be generated. The paper reviews progress in the education and health sectors and identifies the challenges. It stresses the need for policy makers to recognise the link between education and health outcomes and the provision of clean water, adequate sanitation, cheap and accessible transport and effective nutrition programmes. Addressing only the education and health services is unlikely to lead to optimal outcomes in these sectors.
openalex: W2020428725 mag: 2020428725
Keywords: openalex:import

From Monolingual to Bilingual Higher Education: The Repositioning of Historically Afrikaans-Medium Universities in South Africa - Plessis, Theodorus du (Language Policy, 2006)
openalex: W2081177741 mag: 2081177741
Keywords: openalex:import

The gendered impact of HIV/AIDS on education in South Africa and Swaziland: Save the Children's experiences - Poulsen, Helen (Gender and Development, 2006)
Children are dropping out of school in large numbers in communities affected by HIV/AIDS, despite policies and programmes that are designed to support their continued attendance. Research carried out by Save the Children in South Africa and Swaziland concludes that factors influencing drop-out are poverty related, exacerbated by HIV/AIDS. These factors also play out in gendered ways. Interventions aimed at supporting the enrolment, participation and achievement of vulnerable children at school must tackle not only financial constraints to schooling for orphans, but the constraints to schooling for vulnerable girls and boys more broadly.
openalex: W2074153850 mag: 2074153850
Keywords: openalex:import

Together Protecting Our Children: Reflections on a South African/English University Higher Education Link Programme - Rumsey, Hazel; September, Rose (Social Work Education, 2006)
This article explores some of the issues underpinning the development of a British Council funded Higher Education Link between the University of the Western Cape, South Africa and University College Chichester, England. The Link began in 1999 and finished in 2005. The focus of the Link was child protection. The initial emphasis was on developing national multidisciplinary child protection training programmes within South Africa. Latterly this has expanded to encompass the broader concept of child welfare, particularly children's well being and children's participation in both South Africa and England. For both partners the process has been challenging and transforming. The article reflects on the initial objectives of the Link programme and analyses lessons learned both professionally and personally for the South African and English authors.
openalex: W1972365276 mag: 1972365276
Keywords: openalex:import

Eruption Styles of Small Martian Shield Volcanoes and Indications of Post-Flow Tectonic Deformation on Syria Planum, from MOLA, TES, and THEMIS Data - Schupack, Benjamin B.; Sakimoto, S. E. H. (LPI, 2006)
Planum with measured shield volcano and lava flow locations. ERUPTION STYLES OF SMALL MARTIAN SHIELD VOLCANOES AND INDICATIONS OF POSTFLOW TECTONIC DEFORMATION ON SYRIA PLANUM, FROM MOLA, TES, AND THEMIS DATA. B. B. Schupack, S. E. H. Sakimoto, Department of Geology, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Ave., Walla Walla, WA 99362, schupabb@whitman.edu, Department of Civil Engineering and Geologic Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, ssakimot@nd.edu.
openalex: W250763018 mag: 250763018
Keywords: openalex:import

French colonial education and elite Moroccan Muslim resistance, from the treaty of fes to the Berber Dahir - Segalla, Spencer D. (Journal of North African Studies, 2006)
Abstract This article explores colonial education as a site of interaction between French colonisers and elite Moroccan Muslims, from the beginning of the protectorate to the early 1930s. The French administration wished to implement an anti-assimilationist educational policy that would keep Moroccans rooted in traditional culture. However, this policy was challenged by Moroccan elites who hoped to minimise French influence over the traditional institutions of Moroccan society while maximising Moroccan access to French higher education, professions and administration. The resulting compromise was a French-based educational system that was nevertheless steeped in the anti-assimilationist philosophy of the French leadership. This article argues that while the French-based curriculum prompted nationalist accusations of assimilationism, the ethnological, anti-assimilationist ‘meta-curriculum’ complemented the ideas of Moroccan nationalists who denounced assimilationism and challenged the French Berber Policy.
openalex: W2085852344 mag: 2085852344
Keywords: openalex:import

Internationalisation of higher education in South Africa : a historical review : research article - Sehoole, Chika (Perspectives in Education, 2006)
Current debates on internationalisation are couched in relation to globalisation, and gives the impression that this phenomenon is new. There is also a tendency to discuss internationalisation in relation to various rationales, with economic rationales being dominant. This article challenges the assumption that internationalisation is something new and the notion that it is mainly driven by economic rationales. It argues that in colonial contexts, international education is as old as the advent of colonialism. In the context of South Africa international education is as old as the emergence of higher education in South Africa. Therefore current discussions on the role of international education as part of, or a response to globalisation, should also incorporate the role of international education in colonial conquest and perpetuation of segregation, failing which, discussions of internationalisation will be superficial and not do justice to the complex, divided and conflict-ridden nature of South African society.
openalex: W72001928 mag: 72001928
Keywords: openalex:import

African-American Students' Experiences of Good Practices: A Comparison of Institutional Type - Seifert, Tricia A.; Drummond, Jerri; Pascarella, Ernest T. (Journal of College Student Development, 2006)
Using the principles of good practice in undergraduate education defined by Chickering and Gamson (1987, 1991), this study examined the role of institutional type in African-American students' experiences. Controlling for confounding influences, students attending historically Black colleges reported significantly greater levels of good practices in and out of the classroom with faculty and peers than did their counterparts at both research and regional institutions. Only one difference was found in experiences of good practices between historically Black and liberal arts colleges.
openalex: W1976872326 mag: 1976872326
Keywords: openalex:import

A review of major obstacles to women's participation in higher education in Kenya - Sifuna, Daniel N. (Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 2006)
The paper provides a comprehensive review of the major obstacles that hinder the participation of girls and women in higher education in Kenya. This is on the basis that their low participation in this level of education is a key constraint to the development of the country. While it is reckoned that girls' and women's education is inextricably linked with other facets of human development, the focus in the paper is on educational issues. Among the major obstacles identified include policy framework, in which it is seen that since the colonial period in Kenya, gender was an important determinant of educational provision. Women's subordinated position arising from colonial economic structures coupled with traditional cultural practices determined the extent to which they could participate in education; such that by the last decades of colonialism, a very small proportion of girls attended primary and secondary schools. It is also seen that while on the whole independence increased women's educational and employment opportunities, gender inequality has remained persistent. The government is called upon to promote female education through legislative and policy reform. There should be an entitlement to good‐quality primary and secondary education for all. While secondary education is the gateway to women's higher education, government policies have often forced girls to attend poor‐quality secondary schools. The effect of poor‐quality secondary education for girls is reflected in their serious under‐representation in more competitive courses, such as medicine and engineering in the public universities. It is suggested that some affirmative measures be adopted in university admissions to increase the participation of women as well as mounting bridging courses in the sciences and technology and allowing for credit transfers in university admissions for students from technology‐based tertiary institutions.
openalex: W1969885190 mag: 1969885190
Keywords: openalex:import

Family- and Individual-Level Predictors of Academic Success for African American Students - Stewart, Endya B. (Journal of Black Studies, 2006)
Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), path analytic procedures were performed to test an ecological model of the effects of family- and individual-level characteristics on the academic achievement of African American students. The study results show that several of the family influence variables directly or indirectly affected 12th-grade academic achievement. Furthermore, most of the individual influence variables were directly related to 12th-grade achievement. A surprising finding from this study was the nonsignificant effect of family income on 12th-grade achievement. Overall, the findings support the notion that family- and individual-level characteristics are important predictors of academic success among African American students.
openalex: W2113401251 mag: 2113401251
Keywords: openalex:import

The Second Science Open Class in An Egyptian Primary School - Tanaka, Kuniaki; Nakamura, Katsumi; Hashimoto, Kazuaki; Hamed, Eizat Abd El; Aziz, Amany Abdel; Salam, Maha Abdel; Tawfic, Raouf Azmy; Ali, Shaban Hamed (2006)
openalex: W573775383 mag: 573775383
Keywords: openalex:import

Food items consumed by students attending schools in different socioeconomic areas in Cape Town, South Africa - Temple, Norman J.; Steyn, Nelia P.; Myburgh, Neil; Nel, Johanna H. (Nutrition, 2006)
We investigated the food consumption patterns of adolescent students at schools. Our findings are intended to reveal the overall nutritional quality of foods eaten by students at school, including foods brought to school and foods purchased at school. A questionnaire was completed by 476 students, mostly from grades 7 and 10, from 14 schools in Cape Town, South Africa. The schools were representative of the various ethnic groups and socioeconomic strata of the population. The questionnaire requested information on eating habits at school, foods brought to school and food purchases, and breakfast consumption before school. We also tested whether students knew which foods are healthy and which are less healthy choices. The students were mostly 12 to 16 y of age (mean age 14.5 y). The large majority had breakfast before school (77.8%) and ate at school (79.7%). Food was brought to school by 41% to 56%, whereas 69.3% purchased food at school, mainly at the school store (tuck shop). Predefined “unhealthy” foods brought to school outnumbered “healthy” ones by 2 to 1. Among students who purchased food at school, 70.0% purchased no healthy items, whereas 73.2% purchased two or more unhealthy items. With six foods 84% of students correctly stated whether they were healthy or unhealthy; however, with cola drinks, samoosas (deep-fried pastry with spicy filling), and pies, only 47% to 61% knew that these were less healthy choices. Students’ scores on this question were unrelated to whether they purchased healthy or unhealthy foods. Students who attended schools of high socioeconomic status were twice as likely to bring food to school (64.7% versus 31.0%, P < 0.001), scored higher marks on the quiz of healthy versus unhealthy foods (P < 0.01), but were no more likely to purchase healthy food. The large majority of food eaten by adolescent students in Cape Town is classified as being unhealthy choices. This applies to foods brought to school and food purchases. Consideration needs to be given to policy measures to improve this situation and to improve education of students and their parents.
openalex: W2098986943 mag: 2098986943
Keywords: openalex:import

Forestry education, training and professional development in Africa - Temu, A. B.; Okali, D. U. U.; Bishaw, Badege (International Forestry Review, 2006)
SUMMARY It is widely acknowledged that support for classical forestry education worldwide is declining and that new forestry-related programmes are developing. It is difficult to be precise about the fundamental causes of this situation as there are no direct cause-effect relationships, but it appears that there is a complex interplay of forces at global and local scales that make classical forestry education appear obsolete. Classical forestry education treated forests as distinct entities defined in time and space (minimum tree/canopy density in an area) and forest science has been built around the ecological, biological and economic importance of that ‘entity’. However as the social, cultural and environmental aspects of forestry grow in importance, particularly in Africa and much of the tropical developing world, they are re-defining forests and extending the bounds of forestry to include trees in different landscapes, including even non-wooded landscapes. This requires foresters to ‘think outside the...
openalex: W1975671833 mag: 1975671833
Keywords: openalex:import

Vulnerability of African mammals to anthropogenic climate change under conservative land transformation assumptions - Thuiller, Wilfried; Broennimann, Olivier; Hughes, Greg; Alkemade, Rob; Midgley, Guy F.; Corsi, Fabio (Global Change Biology, 2006)
Abstract Recent observations show that human‐induced climate change (CC) and land transformation (LT) are threatening wildlife globally. Thus, there is a need to assess the sensitivity of wildlife on large spatial scales and evaluate whether national parks (NPs), a key conservation tools used to protect species, will meet their mandate under future CC and LT conditions. Here, we assess the sensitivity of 277 mammals at African scale to CC at 10′ resolution, using static LT assumptions in a ‘first‐cut’ estimate, in the absence of credible future LT trends. We examine the relationship between species' current distribution and macroclimatic variables using generalized additive models, and include LT indirectly as a filter. Future projections are derived using two CC scenarios (for 2050 and 2080) to estimate the spatial patterns of loss and gain in species richness that might ultimately result. We then apply the IUCN Red List criteria A3(c) of potential range loss to evaluate species sensitivity. We finally estimate the sensitivity of 141 NPs in terms of both species richness and turnover. Assuming no spread of species, 10–15% of the species are projected to fall within the critically endangered or extinct categories by 2050 and between 25% and 40% by 2080. Assuming unlimited species spread, less extreme results show proportions dropping to approximately 10–20% by 2080. Spatial patterns of richness loss and gain show contrasting latitudinal patterns with a westward range shift of species around the species‐rich equatorial zone in central Africa, and an eastward shift in southern Africa, mainly because of latitudinal aridity gradients across these ecological transition zones. Xeric shrubland NPs may face significant richness losses not compensated by species influxes. Other NPs might expect substantial losses and influxes of species. On balance, the NPs might ultimately realize a substantial shift in the mammalian species composition of a magnitude unprecedented in recent geological time. To conclude, the effects of global CC and LT on wildlife communities may be most noticeable not as a loss of species from their current ranges, but instead as a fundamental change in community composition.
openalex: W2118776848 mag: 2118776848
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of crude oil pollution on maize growth and soil properties in Ihiagwa, Imo State, Nigeria - Uzoho, B.U.; Oti, NN; Onweremadu, E. U. (International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2006)
The influence of crude oil on maize growth and soil properties were evaluated in an Ultisol in Ihiagwa, Imo State, Nigeria. Four kg of air-dried soil samples were weighed into 4.5 litre plastic pots and treatment consisting of 6 levels of crude oil (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 t/ha) applied. Ten healthy maize seeds (Variety: Farz 27) were sown and the pots arranged in a completely randomized block design. Field trial was also conducted and three maize seeds (var. Farz 27) which were later thinned down to one plant per stand after germination were planted on plots measuring 4 x 4 m2. Crude oil treatments were applied at rates as used for the potted experiment, at three weeks after planting (WAP). The experimental design was a randomised complete block design with 3 replications. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks during which time, plant height and leaf area was estimated at a weekly interval. Plant mortality and dry matter yield were determined at the end of the 12 weeks growth period. Soil assays were run at beginning and end of study. Seed germination, plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield significantly decreased as the level of crude oil pollution increased. As crude oil pollution levels increased, soil pH also increased. There was no remarkable change in the level of soil organic carbon, nitrogen, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, available phosphorus and effective cation exchange capacity as crude oil pollution increased in both studies. The primary way in which crude oil pollution reduces crop growth and performance would appear to be through reduction of seedling emergence and direct suffocation of plant roots by changing the redox potential and oxygen diffusion rates between soil system and the atmosphere.Keywords: crude oil, maize, soil property, pollutionInternational Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 5 2004: 91-100
openalex: W2075347126 mag: 2075347126
Keywords: openalex:import

The lava lake-induced volcanic plume at Nyiragongo Volcano (DRC): Environmental effects on crop and population - Vaselli, Orlando; Tassi, Franco; Tedesco, Dario; Barbara, Nisi; Capaccioni, Bruno; Yalire, Mapendano (Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 2006)
openalex: W2011865731 mag: 2011865731
Keywords: openalex:import

“Worst drought in a decade” leaves Kenya crippled - Wakabi, Wairagala (The Lancet, 2006)
The drought plaguing Kenya since the failure of last year's rains has killed 40% of the country's cattle and has claimed at least 40 human lives. Fending off accusations of “sloppy” government, Kenya's president has declared the resulting famine a national disaster. Wairagala Wakabi reports. In Kenya's northeastern region of Mandera, desperate pastoralists have started sharing some of their meals with livestock in a bid to save the few animals that have not yet died due to drought. Grazing fields and homesteads are littered with carcasses of goats, sheep, cattle, donkeys, and camels, as the severe drought enters its fourth month. “Animal carcasses are everywhere. The smell of rotting animals followed us”, says an emergency relief team from Food for the Hungry, which visited the area at the end of February. “People are very depressed and discouraged” but they continue to fight for their survival. Some bring their animals close to the homesteads to be fed by hand, while many others walk up to 15 km to find grass, roots, and tree fruits to feed their animals, says the humanitarian agency. George Otieno, a government drought management officer, says about 20% of children younger than 5 years old in the area are malnourished, mainly because they cannot get milk. The famine has claimed more than 40 human lives. Since December, 2005, 40% of the cattle, 27% of sheep, and 17% of goats have died as result of lack of pasture and water. And the weakened animals become vulnerable to tickborne disease and trypanosomiasis, Otieno adds. UN agencies say malnutrition rates are exceptionally high in the worst-affected areas, where between one in three and one in five children are malnourished. Kenya's special programmes minister, John Munyes, says the areas worst hit by the drought are in the arid and semi-arid northern, northeastern, and eastern regions. The failure of the October to December, 2005, short rains prompted the worst drought in Kenya and some of its neighbours in more than a decade. International support has been slow in coming, though there have been some offers. Last month, a New Zealand food manufacturer reportedly offered to give dog food to the starving Kenyans, saying it was very nutritious, but the Kenyan government turned down the donation. The UN special humanitarian envoy for the Horn of Africa, Kjell Magne Bondevik, has warned that many people in the drought-hit regions could die unless donors release funds quickly. Kenya in February appealed for US$245 million to help an estimated 3·5 million people, including 500 000 children in need of urgent humanitarian assistance. In response to Kenya's pleas, on March 1, Hilary Benn, the UK's International Development Secretary, announced the UK was giving Kenya £15 million more, including £10 million for the World Food Programme (WFP) to procure food rations for 223 000 of the most vulnerable people for 6 months. Some £2 million will support a programme to provide emergency feeding for 73 000 malnourished children younger than 5 years old and 7200 pregnant and nursing mothers; as well as emergency health care for more than 460 000 children. The remaining £3 million will support further emergency assistance through non-governmental organisations. “The drought in Kenya, and across the horn of Africa, is having a terrible effect. The increased UK contribution in response, which I'm announcing today, will help to provide food and emergency health care to the areas that desperately need it”, Benn said in parliament. He added: “Having recently visited Kenya and seen the effects of this crisis myself, I urge others in the international community to contribute quickly, and help save the lives of those at risk. But the current emergency must not mask the underlying causes of hunger in Kenya. Food aid is vital in saving lives in an emergency—but alone, it will not prevent another crisis happening.” The UK's contribution to Kenya's appeal is £21 million since last December. In total, the UK has now provided £35·9 million in the last year in response to the drought in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, and is the second largest bilateral donor after the USA. There have also been donations from unlikely quarters. While inmates in Africa's poorly funded prisons rarely choose to skip meals—unless they are on strike—in Kenya, the inmates on New Year's Day forfeited their lunch and donated to their starving countrymen. They said despite being behind bars, they remain human and their hearts go out to the several thousands of Kenyans caught in the middle of a severe famine. Over 50 000 prisoners in the country's 93 penal institutions decided to skip lunch and donate to those affected by the famine, and Prisons Service staff chipped in KShs500 000 (US$6800). That gesture has helped raise national and international attention to Kenya's starving population, which had hitherto remained largely unnoticed. While President Mwai Kibaki refuted accusations by some aid agencies that his government's handling of the famine was sloppy, he nonetheless declared the starvation in parts of the country a national disaster, and asked donors to rapidly help in the provision of relief food. Anglican Church Archbishop Benjamin Nzimbi has asked Kenyans to emulate the gesture of the inmates by skipping a meal to help save lives of those currently hit by famine, and many are heeding his call. But the government has been criticised for failing to forecast the famine and for reacting slowly to the emergency. Opposition leader Raila Odinga, who until recently was a minister in Kibaki's government, says, “We should be having enough emergency supplies to last us for up to 3 years. It is a big shame that we are starving after a single spell of famine.” Government statistics show that the distances to water points for human beings and livestock have increased by up to 40 km in some areas. Munyes says line ministries are undertaking initiatives covering several sectors such as food, agriculture and livestock, water and sanitation, and health and nutrition. But shortage of funds remains a constraint to the government's efforts to address the problem. While Kenya appears to have borne the brunt of the drought, many of its neighbours in eastern African are suffering too. In Ethiopia, the failure of seasonal rains in the last quarter of 2005 means more than 1 million livestock-dependent people in the Somali region need food aid and their animals could starve to death. Already there have been widespread human and livestock migrations and tribal conflicts over scarce resources. Crop wilting in agro-pastoral areas, malnutrition, and reports of child deaths were other pre-famine conditions witnessed since the start of January. There were also livestock deaths, and the slaughter of calves to save cows. The UN says 7·4 million people need urgent humanitarian assistance in the Horn of Africa, with 17·75 million people suffering from food shortages in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya. “There has been an international response to the [aid] appeals but it is not enough”, said Bondevik, Norway's former prime minister, on a recent visit to the region. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation, says the severe droughts, coupled with the effects of past and ongoing conflicts, have worsened the humanitarian situation. According to WFP, about 64 000 tonnes of food aid are needed until June, 2006, to feed the drought-affected population in Somalia. It added that additional assistance was required for provision of water for both people and animals, restocking of livestock and provision of seeds to farmers in preparation for the next crop season. Kenyan officials say the drought is expected to last until late March, when the long rains normally begin, and is more severe than earlier droughts of 1984, 1999, and 2000. A global famineStarvation is the biggest killer in the world and contributes significantly to the 10·9 million deaths annually among children aged younger than 5 years. The first Millennium Development Goal aims to halve the prevalence of hunger by 2015. Although the overall proportion of malnutrition has decreased since 1990, progress has been uneven, favouring more developed regions. The proportional reduction of malnutrition from 38% to 36% in least-developed nations has been more than offset by growth in population. Full-Text PDF
openalex: W2061934225 mag: 2061934225
Keywords: openalex:import

Epidemic of Obesity in African American Communities and the Need for a Culturally Sensitive After School Childhood Obesity Prevention Program - Wallace, Edward V. (Californian journal of health promotion, 2006)
An after-school obesity prevention program for African American children is proposed in this paper. The prevention program is a behavioral education program designed to facilitate healthy behavior changes in obesity self-care and provide culturally sensitive interventions specifically for obese African American children. The self-care concepts addressed involve: knowledge of obesity, exercise, and nutrition. The culturally sensitive interventions address the problems of low self-esteem, communication, and ineffective family coping. The implementation of the after-school obesity program included four phases: needs assessment, planning and goal setting, implementation, and monitoring for progress. This afterschool education program is designed to promote self-care, family support, and improve the quality of life for obese African American children.
openalex: W2141778981 mag: 2141778981
Keywords: openalex:import

Identification of a novel specific CYP2B6 allele in Africans causing impaired metabolism of the HIV drug efavirenz - Wang, Jue; Sönnerborg, Anders; Rane, Anders; Josephson, Filip; Lundgren, Stefan; Ståhle, Lars; Ingelman‐Sundberg, Magnus (Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2006)
The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is mainly metabolised by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2B6. Genomic DNA from four subjects in a group of 51 patients being treated with efavirenz and having surprisingly high plasma concentrations were screened by direct sequencing for mutations in the CYP2B6 gene. Four exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 516G > T, 714G > A, 785A > G and 983T > C, and eight intronic SNPs were identified. Haplotype analysis revealed that 983T > C was linked with 785A > G defining a novel allele, CYP2B6*16. This allele was present in totally five of the patients. The CYP2B6.16 cDNA was expressed in yeast and HEK293 cells and significantly less protein was formed compared to the wild-type cDNA, in both heterologous systems. By contrast, the catalytic activity of the enzyme variant was not different from the CYP2B6.1 enzyme, using bupropion as a probe substrate. The CYP2B6*16 allele was not found in Swedes, was present at 4% frequency among Turks, but was common among Africans. The steady-state level of efavirenz was significantly higher in the five carriers of CYP2B6*16, being of African origin, compared to the other patients. Higher efavirenz concentrations were also seen in carriers of 516G>T (CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*9). In conclusion, a novel CYP2B6*16 allele causing less expression of the corresponding enzyme was identified and found to influence the metabolism of efavirenz in vivo, a finding that is of potential impact for anti-HIV therapy in black populations.
openalex: W2755604 mag: 2755604
Keywords: openalex:import

Strengthening Peace in Sierra Leone through Education - Weston, Jane; Bretherton, Diane; Zbar, Vic (Teacher: The National Education Magazine, 2006)
The war in Sierra Leone in Western Africa ended in 2000 by the intervention of the United Nations and peace-building approaches started taking shape. At the top level was the sponsorship and direction provided by a global body, the World Bank, working with the Sierra Leone Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST). At a policy level and at the grassroots level was the direct experiential knowledge of teachers and non-government organisation workers that was central to the development of the peace education kit, which set out the philosophy of peace education.
openalex: W2281461034 mag: 2281461034
Keywords: openalex:import

Undisciplining Knowledge Production: Development Driven Higher Education in South Africa - Winberg, Christine (Higher Education, 2006)
openalex: W2039500795 mag: 2039500795
Keywords: openalex:import

South Africa's unintended experiment in school choice: how the National Education Policy Act, the South Africa Schools Act and the Employment of Educators Act create the enabling conditions for quasi-markets in schools - Woolman, Stuart; Fleisch, Brahm (Education And The Law, 2006)
School choice is often identified with right-leaning, voucher-happy, market-oriented public school systems like those found in the United States. Thus, the proposition that a social democratic state such as South Africa will offer many primary and secondary school learners far greater choice strikes many as counter-intuitive and implausible. The authors demonstrate that the three major pieces of education framework legislation—National Education Policy Act (NEPA), South Africa Schools Act (SASA) and Employment of Educators Act (EEA)—conspire with recent historical events and deep political and constitutional commitments to create South Africa's unintended experiment in school choice. The authors emphasize that the legal framework created by legislation and regulation are necessary but not sufficient conditions—they prefer to call them enabling conditions—for the creation of quasi-markets in schools. The generation of quasi-markets in schools depends on several other factors required for all markets. The absence of many of these features in much of South Africa explains why the majority of South African learners do not have access to quasi-markets in schools. The absence of such features is largely a function of apartheid's legacy of deeply entrenched patterns of inequality in primary and secondary schooling. Having demonstrated that historical, political, legal and economic conditions had the unintended consequence of producing school choice—and that school choice was not the result of the state's adoption of a conscious and deliberate policy—the authors examine the state's response to this de facto policy. The authors remain agnostic as to the desirability of the de facto policy and conclude with an exploration of some of the primary critiques of choice in South Africa. While they dismiss the ‘political’ critiques as largely facile, the available empirical evidence suggests the limited systemic benefits and the potentially deleterious consequences for the poorest of the poor who reside in areas where quasi-markets exist. The state's current ‘conscious’ attempts to re-engineer a modest mixed model, that emphasizes access to existing quasi-markets—and thus exploits superior existing school stock for the benefit of learners from historically disadvantaged communities—and that shifts public resources to those schools in the greatest need, accords with what little we know about the advantages and disadvantages of choice.
openalex: W1992039194 mag: 1992039194
Keywords: openalex:import

African Americans Need OSA Screening, Education - Zablocki, Elaine (Internal Medicine News, 2006)
openalex: W2063687321 mag: 2063687321
Keywords: openalex:import

Acceptance of HIV screening in an antenatal population at a referral teaching hospital in Zimbabwe: a substudy of an operational research in prevention of mother to child HIV vertical transmission. - Zvandasara, P; Magwali, Thulani; Mulambo, J.T.; Sithole, Jabulani (The Central African journal of medicine, 2006)
OBJECTIVE To determine the acceptance of HIV testing by pregnant women referred to the antenatal clinic at a tertiary training hospital. Women who accepted testing and were positive received nevirapine. Their babies also received nevirapine within 72 hours of birth. Doctors, nurses and pharmacists were equipped with counselling and management skills for prevention of mother to child HIV vertical transmission. DESIGN Substudy of a prospective operational research. SETTING Harare Central Hospital, antenatal clinic. SUBJECT 863 women were given lectures in a group followed by individualised pre and post test HIV counselling; 767 accepted testing for HIV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Acceptance rates for HIV testing, number of mothers and babies who received nevirapine as well as the characteristics of HIV positive and negative women were analysed. RESULTS 89% of the women accepted HIV testing; 44% were positive. Seventy percent of the women who tested positive and their babies received nevirapine. CONCLUSION Acceptance rates increased when lectures were given to a group of pregnant women followed by individualised pre and post test counselling. The support and encouragement that the women gave each other may explain this observation. Nevirapine should be issued to pregnant women at the time that the HIV test results are available irrespective of the age of gestation, with instructions to take the drug at the onset of labour at their place of delivery. This practice will increase the uptake of the drug by pregnant women. Medical students, nursing and pharmacy students should be equipped with skills for initiating and managing a mother to child HIV prevention programme during their training followed by refresher courses after graduating.
openalex: W1919928923 mag: 1919928923
Keywords: openalex:import

Computerised School Information Systems Usage in an Emerging Country — Uganda - Bisaso, Ronald; Visscher, Arend J. (2006)
This paper describes an exploratory study on the usage of computerised school information systems (CISs) in the administration and management of the biggest secondary schools in Uganda. The field of information technology in educational management (ITEM) has been mostly confined to the developed countries that its potential in the developing countries in regard to its usage and implications on the schools that use it has not been studied (Bisaso, 2003). The literature reveals that developing countries are lagging behind in the use of CISs partly because of the resource constraints in skilled expertise, finance, and computer equipment (Visscher, 2001). But this magnitude of inferiority in school administrative computing has not been proven hence this study. The results of this exploratory study reveal that the CISs in Uganda are mainly used for clerical purposes while managerial usage by school managers is very limited. Relevant factors relating to the effective use of the CISs are identified. Users are generally positive on the effects of CISs use. It is concluded that wider and better CIS usage would be promoted by carefully designed user training grounded on a thorough analysis of the needs of the user group. Moreover, the support of the systems administrator is considered vital as a catalyst of CIS usage. A comparative summary with earlier studies in the developed countries is made.
openalex: W1220311250 mag: 1220311250
Keywords: openalex:import

Validation of the learning transfer system inventory in the South African context (Part 1) - Coetsee, Wilhelm J.; Eiselen, Riëtte; Basson, Johan Schutte (Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2006)
The purpose of this study was to validate the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) in the South African context. The sample used in this study was a convenience sample of 240 employees working for a Banking group. Exploratory factor analysis of the LTSI was used to determine if an interpretable factor structure of latent transfer system constructs when applied in the South African context could be identified. From the results it appears that the factor structure of the LTSI, as revealed by means of the exploratory approach, appears differently in the South African context.
openalex: W2108067943 mag: 2108067943
Keywords: openalex:import

Caught-In-Between: Exploring the Complexities of School Vandalism. Case Study Research in Kenya. - Owinyo, Salome (2006)
openalex: W2254388714 mag: 2254388714
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence and risk factors of neurological disability and impairment in children living in rural Kenya - Mung’ala‐Odera, V.; Meehan, R.; Njuguna, Patricia; Mturi, Neema; Alcock, Katie; Newton, Charles R. (International Journal of Epidemiology, 2006)
There is little data on the burden of neurological impairment (NI) in developing countries, particularly in children of Africa.We conducted a survey of NI in children aged 6-9 years in a rural district of Kenya. First, we screened for neurological disability by administering the Ten Questions Questionnaire (TQQ) to parents/guardians of children in a defined population. In phase two, we performed a comprehensive clinical and psychological assessment on children who tested positive on TQQ and on a similar number of children who tested negative.A total of 10 218 children were screened, of whom 955 (9.3%) were positive on TQQ. Of these, 810 (84.8%) were assessed, and of those who tested negative 766 (8.3%) were assessed. The prevalence for moderate/severe NI was 61/1000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 48-74]. The most common domains affected were epilepsy (41/1000), cognition (31/1000), and hearing (14/1000). Motor (5/1000) and vision (2/1000) impairments were less common. Of the neurologically impaired children (n = 251), 56 (22%) had more than one impairment. Neonatal insults were found to have a significant association with moderate/severe NI in both the univariate [odds ratio (OR) = 1.70; 95% CI 1.12-2.47] and multivariate analyses (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.65).There is a considerable burden of moderate/severe NI in this area of rural Kenya, with epilepsy, cognition, and hearing being the most common domains affected. Neonatal insults were identified as an important risk factor.
openalex: W2102639513 mag: 2102639513
Keywords: openalex:import

Questionnaire survey of working relationships between nurses and doctors in University Teaching Hospitals in Southern Nigeria - Ogbimi, Roseline I.; Adebamowo, Clement (BMC Nursing, 2006)
Abstract Background Smooth working relationships between nurses and doctors are necessary for efficient health care delivery. However, previous studies have shown that this is often absent with negative impact on the quality of health care delivery. In 2002, we studied factors that affect nurse-doctor working relationships in University Teaching Hospitals (UTH) in Southern Nigeria in order to characterize it and identify managerial and training needs that might be used to improve it. Method Questionnaire survey of doctors and nurses working in four UTH in Southern Nigeria was done in 2002. The setting and subjects were selected by random sampling procedures. Information on factors in domains of work, union activities, personnel and hospital management were studied using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Results Nurse-doctor working relationships were statistically significantly affected by poor after-work social interaction, staff shortages, activist unionism, disregard for one's profession, and hospital management and government policies. In general, nurses had better opinion of doctors' work than doctors had about nurses' work. Conclusion Working relationships between doctors and nurses need to be improved through improved training and better working conditions, creation of better working environment, use of alternative methods of conflict resolution and balanced hospital management and government policies. This will improve the retention of staff, job satisfaction and efficiency of health care delivery in Nigeria.
openalex: W1530233171 mag: 1530233171
Keywords: openalex:import

Education in Post-Independent Eritrea - A Brief Description - Rena, Ravinder (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
Education is an important pillar in the national economic development. It contributes to economic growth in varied forms. The educational system in Eritrea shows all the symptoms of prolonged neglect under colonialism and war. But education plays a key role in the development after independence. This paper discusses educational growth and development in post-independent Eritrea. It also analyses educational finances, and challenges for development in the country and thus provides some implications.
openalex: W1755149858 mag: 1755149858
Keywords: openalex:import

The Nutrimad school feeding program: Impact on failure rate and nutritional status of schoolchildren in Madagascar - Laillou, Arnaud; Arnaud, Leonardo de Miranda; Ramaherisoa, M.; Ralison, Charlotte; Monvois, C.; Trèche, Serge (2006)
Arnaud Laillou1, Luc Arnaud1, Menjaharimisa Ramaherisoa2, Charlotte Ralison2, Chantal Monvois1 and Serge Treche3 1 The Research and Technological Exchange Group (GRET), Antananarivo and Paris. 2 The Laboratory of Biochemistry Applied to the Food Sciences and Nutrition (Labasan), University of Antananarivo, Madagascar 3 UR106 “Nutrition, Food, Societies”, Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
openalex: W2270266119 mag: 2270266119
Keywords: openalex:import

Immigrant Pupils from Ethiopia: Perpetuating Difference (2006)
openalex: W4254452873
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change Scenarios for Dryland West Africa, 1990–2050 - Born, Gertjan van den; Leemans, Rik; Schaeffer, Michiel (2006)
IMAGE 2 was used to define three climate change scenarios for dryland west Africa. Changes in precipitation and the resulting shift in aridity class are shown using maps. The three scenarios cover a wide range of possible changes in climate and related impacts.
openalex: W192451935 mag: 192451935
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change Preparedness in West Africa - Dietz, A.J.; Ruben, R.; Verhagen, A.; Dittoh, Saa; Konaté, Mama; Millar, David; Ofori‐Sarpong, E.; Saley, H.; Sylla, N.C. (2006)
This last chapter presents the results of expert prioritisation of policy recommendations that emerged from the ICCD programme. Experts gave the highest priority to developing an adequate early warning system with an efficient strategy to communicate with households and institutions. It is necessary for a better understanding of climate change and its effects and for the development of technologies adapted to location and sector specific conditions. In addition, high priority was given to maintaining social security mechanisms, understanding migration strategies and regulating land and water entitlements. Careful attention is needed for potential conflicts when resources become scarce. Local government and non-government organisations need support to monitor economic changes and to implement local policies. Agricultural research plays an important role in developing technologies that perform well under drought conditions. International agreements on climate change implications may be exploited for example by redefining subsidy practices. Finally there is plenty of scope for improving scientific research on climate change by extending research networks, by fine-tuning the ICCD models, and by expanding the geographic area of research.
openalex: W2145320656 mag: 2145320656
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate and Livelihood Change in North East Ghana - Dietz, Ton; Millar, David; Dittoh, Saa; Obeng, Francis; Ofori‐Sarpong, E. (2006)
The case study area of North-east Ghana consists of a densely populated zone in Upper East Region and a less densely populated area in Northern Region. It was selected as an example of a rural area with sub-humid conditions, a relatively high average population density and relatively severe land degradation. A major part of the chapter describes the lack of consistency between rainfall data and crop yield data and tries to explain farmers’ behaviour as a constant adaptation to the rainfall situation, embedded in a volatile socio-economic environment. Farmers acknowledge climate change, and they, government institutions and non-governmental agencies have responded with more emphasis on water provision and land management improvements and with more emphasis on sector and geographical differentiation, including much more reliance on migration and remittance income.
openalex: W2164482280 mag: 2164482280
Keywords: openalex:import

Pathways to Mitigate Climate Variability and Climate Change in Mali: The Districts of Douentza and Koutiala Compared - Dijk, van Jouke; Bruijn, de M.E.; Beek, van Wouter (2006)
Two Malian case studies are compared, both representing dryland areas with relatively low population densities and relatively low levels of land degradation. Douentza is in the semi-arid-to arid zone, where crop cultivation is very risky and pastoralism a more ‘natural’ way of making use of the environment. However, recently crop cultivation has been expanding rapidly and has partially recovered from the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s. Crop cultivation now provides a livelihood for impoverished former pastoralists (like FulBe, and Tamachek), but also for groups who have always been cultivators (like the Dogon). Many people originating from this area have extended their geographical network and can be found in areas much further to the South. Many retain their relations with their areas of origin, though. Koutiala is an area in the sub-humid zone and in a region which benefited from the Malian cotton boom economy of the 1980s and 1990s. Not only did the local Minyanka prosper, the expanding economy also provided a livelihood for many immigrants who had escaped the drought conditions of the northern area.
openalex: W202209902 mag: 202209902
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change in Dryland West Africa? - Put, M.J.M.J.; Verhagen, A.; Veldhuizen, Els; Jellema, Pleuntje (2006)
A short analysis of rainfall trends for West Africa is presented in this chapter. Changes in aridity class and the related drought risk are calculated.
openalex: W2203564210 mag: 2203564210
Keywords: openalex:import

Cotton and Climate Change in West Africa - Ton, P. (2006)
As cotton has become the most important non-food cash crop in the West-African drylands, a tentative study was carried out into the possible impact of climate change on cotton cultivation and the vulnerability of the crop to increasing drought stress. Not much evidence could be found yet about a geographical movement of cotton production from northern to more southern areas.
openalex: W1592039444 mag: 1592039444
Keywords: openalex:import

Address Terms among University Students in Ghana: A Case Study - Afful, Joseph Benjamin Archibald (Language and Intercultural Communication, 2006)
An important feature of the interface between language and society is the use of address terms. Following Brown and Gilman (1960), research studies of address terms have been extended to several cultural settings. This study contributes to this fertile area of sociolinguistic studies by describing the address terms used among undergraduates in an English-medium university in Ghana. Two sets of data collected from participant and nonparticipant observation and interviews constitute the primary source of data, supplemented by intuition. Analysis and discussion of this study point to three key findings. First, Ghanaian students use four major groups of address terms. The second finding relates to the use of the reported modes of address, namely, personal names, titles, descriptive terms and catch phrases to reflect and construct the individual and social identity of students. The final point is the use of modes of address to reflect a warm and vivacious culture. These findings have implication for theory and intercultural communication.
openalex: W2046316580 mag: 2046316580
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Human Activities and Oil Pollution on the Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Udu River, Warri, Nigeria - Aluyi, H.S.; Ekhaise, F. O.; Adelusi, D. M. (Journal of Applied Sciences, 2006)
openalex: W2023513839 mag: 2023513839
Keywords: openalex:import

Job Satisfaction among Educators in Colleges of Education in Southern Nigeria - Rim-Rukeh, Akpofure; Ikhifa; Grace, Oyeniran; Imide; Israel, Oginni Ominiyi; ., I. E. Okokoyo (Journal of Applied Sciences, 2006)
openalex: W2028286546 mag: 2028286546
Keywords: openalex:import

Stressors and psychological symptoms in students of medicine and allied health professions in Nigeria - Omigbodun, Olayinka; Odukogbe, Akin‐Tunde A.; Omigbodun, Akinyinka; Yusuf, Oyindamola B.; Bella, Tolulope; Olayemi, Oladopo (Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2006)
openalex: W1973753369 mag: 1973753369
Keywords: openalex:import

Using Free and Open Source Software for E-Learning System (FOSES) in Tanzania - Lwoga, Edda Tandi; Sanga, Camilius; Kazwala, R.R.; Mganilwa, ZM (2006)
openalex: W66634680 mag: 66634680
Keywords: openalex:import

Leg length, cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in an African-Caribbean population - Mak, Zanete; Kim, Jae-Min; Stewart, Robert (International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2006)
Shorter leg length is associated with an adverse environment in early childhood and has been found to be associated with a variety of disorders occurring in mid- to late-life, including dementia in a Korean population. In a community population of African-Caribbean elders, in whom leg length had been measured, we sought to compare associations with cognitive impairment at baseline and cognitive decline over a three-year follow-up period.Of 290 African-Caribbean residents in south London recruited at baseline, 216 (74%) were re-interviewed after a three-year period and 203 had sufficient data for this analysis. Cognitive impairment was derived as a binary category from a battery of cognitive tests administered at baseline and cognitive decline was derived from change in performance on a subset of these tests. Leg length (iliac crest to lateral malleolus) was also measured.Shorter leg length was associated with female sex, lower occupational social class and reported hypertension and diabetes. Shorter leg length (lowest quartile) was significantly associated with cognitive impairment but there were no apparent associations with cognitive decline. The association with cognitive impairment was independent of age, sex and education. Social class appeared to be an important mediating factor.Shorter leg length may be a marker of early life stressors which result in reduced cognitive reserve. Interestingly this association was mediated more strongly by social class (previous occupational status) than by education in this population.
openalex: W2156283793 mag: 2156283793
Keywords: openalex:import

Missionary teaches deaf Liberian children how to communicate - Smith, Stephen M. (2006)
openalex: W2789380629 mag: 2789380629
Keywords: openalex:import

Mg–Al Sapphirine- and Ca–Al Hibonite-bearing Granulite Xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Field, Kenya - Ulianov, Alexey; Kalt, Angelika (Journal of petrology (Print), 2006)
Basanites of the Chyulu Hills (Kenya Rift) contain mafic Mg–Al and Ca–Al granulite xenoliths. Their protoliths are interpreted as troctolitic cumulates; however, the original mineral assemblages were almost completely transformed by subsolidus reactions. Mg–Al granulites contain the minerals spinel, sapphirine, sillimanite, plagioclase, corundum, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and garnet, whereas Ca–Al granulites are characterized by hibonite, spinel, sapphirine, mullite, sillimanite, plagioclase, quartz, clinopyroxene, corundum, and garnet. In the Mg–Al granulites, the first generation of orthopyroxene and some spinel may be of igneous origin. In the Ca–Al granulites, hibonite (and possibly some spinel) are the earliest, possibly igneous, minerals in the crystallization sequence. Most pyroxene, spinel and corundum in Mg–Al and Ca–Al granulites formed by subsolidus reactions. The qualitative P–T path derived from metamorphic reactions corresponds to subsolidus cooling, probably accompanied, or followed by, compression. Final equilibration was achieved at T ≈ 600–740°C and P <8 kbar, in the stability field of sillimanite. The early coexistence of corundum and pyroxenes (± spinel), as well as the association of sillimanite and sapphirine with clinopyroxene and the presence of hibonite, makes both types of granulite rare. The Ca–Al hibonite-bearing granulites are unique. Both types enlarge the spectrum of known Ca–Al–Mg-rich granulites worldwide.
openalex: W2168822052 mag: 2168822052
Keywords: openalex:import

The identification of resilient and non-resilient middle-adolescent learners in a South African Township school - Mampane, Motlalepule Ruth (2006)
openalex: W1493087296 mag: 1493087296
Keywords: openalex:import

Struggle Is a School: The Rise of a Shack Dwellers' Movement in Durban, South Africa - Pithouse, Richard (Monthly Review, 2006)
On November 9, 1993, the African National Congress (ANC) issued a press statement condemning the housing crisis in South Africa as "a matter which falls squarely at the door of the National Party regime and its surrogates." It went on to describe conditions in the informal settlements as "indecent" and announced thatNelson Mandela will be hosting a People's Forum on Saturday morning in Inanda to hear the views of residents in informal settlements….The ANC calls on all people living in informal settlements to make their voices heard! "Your problems are my problems. Your solution is my solution." says President Mandela.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
openalex: W1986446955 mag: 1986446955
Keywords: openalex:import

The Part-time Degree Course and its Influence on Nigerian Women's Participation in Higher Education - Aderinto, John Adeboye; Akande, J.O.; Aderinto, Christianah Oluwafun (Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 2006)
This article examines the role of the part-time degree course in higher education as it affects women's empowerment and motivation for participation in educational pro-grammes. It examines motives behind Nigerian women's educational participation in part-time degree courses in two of Nigeria's south-western universities. A sample of 200 women randomly drawn from all women enrolled in part-time degree courses in higher education was used for the study. The results from the data established that part-time degree programmes in higher education offered Nigerian women the opportunity to bridge the gender gap and achieve their potentials.
openalex: W2003374318 mag: 2003374318
Keywords: openalex:import

School Performance of Nigerian Adolescents with Epilepsy - Adewuya, Abiodun O.; Oseni, Saheed Babajide; Okeniyi, John A.O. (Epilepsia, 2006)
The study assessed the school performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy compared with healthy controls and examined the variables correlating with their academic difficulties.The school grades of adolescents with epilepsy aged 12 to 18 years (n = 73) over the past academic year were compared with the grades of their classmates of the same age and gender. Risk factors possibly associated with school performance, such as adolescent variables (age, gender, perceived stigma, attitude toward epilepsy, and psychopathology), seizure variables (age at onset of illness, years of illness, types of seizures, and frequency of seizures per month), drug variables [types of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), number of AEDs and side effects of AEDs], and family variables (family's socioeconomic status, family functioning, caretakers' psychopathology, and caretakers' perceived stigma) were assessed.The mean school grades of adolescents with epilepsy are significantly lower than are those of their healthy controls (p < 0.001) in all the subjects. The variables that significantly predict poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy include psychopathology in the caretaker (p < 0.001), adolescents' perceived poor family functioning (p = 0.002), adolescents' attitude toward the illness (p = 0.001), adolescents' felt stigma (p = 0.002), externalizing symptoms in the adolescents (p = 0.004), and duration of illness (p = 0.024).The determinants of poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria are multivariate, with psychosocial factors most important. These should be noted for early identification and screening of those children at greatest risk for academic failure and the greatest need for appropriate educational remediation services.
openalex: W2088013742 mag: 2088013742
Keywords: openalex:import

Speciation of Pb, Cu and Zn determined by sequential extraction for identification of air pollution sources in Syria - Al-Masri, M.S.; Al-Kharfan, K.; Al-Shamali, K. (Atmospheric Environment, 2006)
Speciation of three trace elements (Zn, Pb, Cu) in air particulates of two Syrian cities (Tartous and Darya) with different climate conditions and industrial emissions has been studied. Air filters were collected during 2000–2001 and extracted chemically using different selective fluids in an attempt to identify the different forms of trace elements. Approximately 60% of lead in air particulates of both cities was found to be associated with organic materials produced by incomplete burning of vehicles fuels and residential heating; the remaining 40% of lead was as lead oxides and mineral acids soluble compounds. Zinc was found in oxides (28–65%) samples collected in Tartous city, indicating that the Tartous cement factory and phosphate loading cargoes are the main source of emissions. In the Darya filters, zinc associated with organic materials (28–49%) was related to the presence of plastic molding industries and corroding car tires. In addition, copper was also found to be in the form of oxides (19–46%) in both cities in the summer periods, while 13–25% and 35% are associated with organic materials and silicates, respectively. Differences in chemical forms of the studied trace elements in air particulates were found to be related to differences in air pollution sources and differences in human behaviour throughout the year. Therefore, chemical fractionation of trace elements in air particulates using sequential leaching can be used for identification of air pollutions sources in urban and industrial areas.
openalex: W1992066136 mag: 1992066136
Keywords: openalex:import

An Analysis of Mentoring Relationships Among Teachers: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria - Aladejana, Anthony; Aladejana, Francisca; Ehindero, Sherifat (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
The study examined mentoring among eight pairs of university academics in Nigeria. A descriptive survey was used to assess the mentoring process among sixteen lecturers (ten males and six females). Data from a questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that mentoring among university academics operates mostly in an informal and unstructured manner. Data also show that most mentoring relationships were channeled towards research and publication, while a negligible part is focused on classroom teaching. Most relationships were initiated and sustained by proximity, and academic related activities. Multiple and same same-gender mentoring were found to be more common and more successful than single and cross-gender mentoring. The implications of these findings for reiterating the use of mentoring as the core for partnership relationship in initial and continuing teacher education and training are discussed.
openalex: W2746837082 mag: 2746837082
Keywords: openalex:import

The Exclusion and Distortion of African American Perspectives in Peace Education - Berlowitz, Marvin J.; Long, Nathan A.; Jackson, Eric R. (Educational Studies, 2006)
In the Fall 2003 issue of Educational Studies, Ian Harris provided a historical assessment of the progress of peace education in the United States, in which he concluded with the sobering observation that, "peace education remains peripheral to mainstream educational endeavors" (349). Harris attributed the failures of peace education to the difficulties inherent in developing a research paradigm capable of demonstrating the efficacy of peace education programs. The contribution of this article is to advance the proposition that the dominance of Eurocentricity in peace education leads to the exclusion and distortion of African American perspectives and this restricted focus undermines the status and viability of peace education.
openalex: W2045273349 mag: 2045273349
Keywords: openalex:import

Exploring teachers’ reading competences: a South African case study - Bertram, Carol (Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 2006)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the reading competence of teachers who are enrolled in a distance education programme in a South African university. Many South African teachers upgrade their teaching diplomas by enrolling for a part‐time, distance degree at a university. However, many are not prepared for academic study and its focus on reading to learn. Many of them struggle to read to learn, which is ironic given the fact that distance learning has a strong focus on learning from texts. The study used the cloze procedure to measure reading competence. The study shows that more than a third of the teachers are reading an ordinary academic text at frustration level, and that there is a strong correlation between reading competence and academic achievement on the course. The implications are that course writers need to support and scaffold students’ learning so that they can access the original reading with understanding. It also means that although distance education is traditionally seen as a way of opening access to students, their weak reading competences are likely to militate against them achieving success.
openalex: W1993024988 mag: 1993024988
Keywords: openalex:import

The career plans of newly qualified South African teachers - Bertram, Carol; Appleton, Simon; Muthukrishna, Nithi; Wedekind, Volker (South African Journal of Education, 2006)
We report on survey data collected from 776 final-year student teachers from 11 higher education institutions in October 2004. The purpose of the survey was to find out how many newly qualified teachers were planning to teach abroad and how many were planning to teach in South Africa. Two issues formed the backdrop of the study: teacher migration and teacher shortages in South Africa. Key findings from the study showed that 27.4% of the student teachers were planning to teach abroad in 2005, 63.3% were planning to teach in South Africa, and the remainder (7.2%) were not planning to teach. However the vast majority of those planning to teach abroad indicated that they would be returning to South Africa within two years. Of the student teachers who were planning to teach in South Africa, only 33% indicated that they already had a job secured for 2005. Three-quarters of these posts were to be paid by school governing bodies in ex-Model C schools. We argue that teacher shortages are not translating into available jobs for newly qualified teachers. Issues of race cannot be ignored, in that white teachers are more likely to get posts in well-resourced schools, and are more likely to go abroad to teach.
openalex: W1502959160 mag: 1502959160
Keywords: openalex:import

A new flame retardant in the air | News Briefs: Assessing the technologies of the future ` A new use for wikis ` U.S. plan requires CO2 emissions cuts ` Stronger federal role for e-waste recycling ` Sub-Saharan Africa goes lead-free ` Getting out in front of nanotechnology | Sustainable agriculture delivers the crops | Canada contemplates curbs on stain repellents | Rain gardens stem urban storm-water flows | Organic vegetables are not pesticide-free - Betts, Kellyn S.; Cooney, Catherine M.; Renner, Rebecca; Thrall, Lizz (Environmental science & technology, 2006)
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUENEWSNEXTA new flame retardant in the air | News Briefs: Assessing the technologies of the future ` A new use for wikis ` U.S. plan requires CO2 emissions cuts ` Stronger federal role for e-waste recycling ` Sub-Saharan Africa goes lead-free ` Getting out in front of nanotechnology | Sustainable agriculture delivers the crops | Canada contemplates curbs on stain repellents | Rain gardens stem urban storm-water flows | Organic vegetables are not pesticide-freeKellyn S. Betts, Catherine M. Cooney, Rebecca Renner, and Lizz ThrallCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 4, 1090–1095Publication Date (Web):February 15, 2006Publication History Published online15 February 2006Published inissue 1 February 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/es062632cRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2353Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (329 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Agriculture,Inorganic carbon compounds,Nanotechnology,Plant derived food,Recycling Get e-Alerts
openalex: W2023588140 mag: 2023588140
Keywords: openalex:import

The dynamics of teaching at a distance in Tanzania: reflections from the field - Bhalalusesa, Eustella (Open learning, 2006)
In this paper, pedagogical issues drawn from a study to examine the nature and quality of correspondence tuition are analysed. The paper observes that effective correspondence tuition depends on a number of factors ranging from the tutors’ academic competence to their professional experience, values and assumptions about distance learning. Given the novelty of the distance mode of delivery at university level in Tanzania, there is a need for an induction programme for newly recruited tutors to provide them with the core skills and techniques of distance teaching. Recruitment of additional tutors, as well as continued professional development, is crucial for the enhancement of student feedback and quality of correspondence tuition.
openalex: W2055483724 mag: 2055483724
Keywords: openalex:import

Youth Unemployment and Education in South Africa - Bhorat, Haroon (2006)
openalex: W3217545571 mag: 3217545571
Keywords: openalex:import

The Monastic School of Gaza - Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria; Kofsky, Aryeh (2006)
This book studies one of the most striking chapters in the history of late antique monastic culture, provided by the monastic legacy of Gaza. A monastic intellectual community flourished in the region of Gaza from the fourth to the seventh century, producing a wealth of literary works. In this diverse and exciting literary corpus—especially in the unique correspondence between spiritual leaders and their clientele—matters that are usually only hinted at in monastic sources, are vividly portrayed. Distinct from the dry and matter-of-fact monastic instructions and the stereotypes of hagiography, this corpus exposes the psychological tensions, moods, frustrations, and elations in the daily existence of the monks, revealing them as creatures of flesh and blood. This book seeks to frame the historical development of this community and endeavours to analyze the spiritual and intellectual context of what may be termed the monastic school of Gaza. The legacy of this complex and thriving centre cuts across theological differences and boundaries. Shedding light on these neglected educated circles enhances and somewhat balances the overall historical picture of late antique ascetic culture and Palestinian Christianity.
openalex: W566691409 mag: 566691409
Keywords: openalex:import

Using ICT for teacher professional development in Namibia - Burns, Mary (2006)
This report examines Namibia's Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for Teacher Professional Development (TPD) efforts thus far. It first describes the elements with which the foundation for ICT in education has been built in Namibia. It then looks at some of the ways in which ICT has been used for teacher professional development in the present and recent past. And it concludes with an analysis of obstacles and challenges for the successful establishment of ICT in teacher professional development in Namibia. Namibia has achieved much of the 'first wave' in ICT development partnerships with telecoms and IT vendors have been established; hardware and connectivity provided to schools and teachers colleges; technology training provided to National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) staff, instructors at teachers colleges and many primary and secondary school teachers; national primary school curriculum revision; and an advocacy of and push toward instruction that redefines the role of teachers and students in light of the potential of ICT in education.
openalex: W344279784 mag: 344279784
Keywords: openalex:import

Improving teaching quality in Guinea with interactive radio instruction - Burns, Mary B. (2006)
openalex: W2110873031 mag: 2110873031
Keywords: openalex:import

Accessibility and use of library resources by part‐time students A case study of the Federal Polytechnic, Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria - Busayo, Isaac Oluwadare (Library Review, 2006)
Purpose This study seek to investigate the accessibility and use of the Federal Polytechnic Ado‐Ekiti Library Resources by the part‐time students of the institution. Design methodology/approach Data were collected through a questionnaire administered on 210 HND 1, II and III students who all went through the part‐time National Diploma (ND) programme. A total of 190 respondents, representing 90.5 per cent were duly completed, returned and used for this study. Data were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Findings The result shows that the library was far away from the satellite campus and, therefore, not accessible to the majority of the part‐time students. Their use of the library resources was also below expectations. Recommendations for improvement were made, as appropriate. Research limitations/implications The research was confined to one particular institution; the literature on the subject is not well developed, further underlining the need for greater research in this area. Practical implications Part‐time students have particular needs, which are easily ignored and which prevent their optimal use of such facilities; it is hoped that this research will give some insight into how this problem can be dealt with. Originality/value of paper This contribution to an under‐researched area should stimulate further work on this topic.
openalex: W2009780117 mag: 2009780117
Keywords: openalex:import

Surface Deformation Associated with the Mw 6.4, 24 February 2004 Al Hoceima, Morocco, Earthquake Deduced from InSAR: Implications for the Active Tectonics along North Africa - Çakır, Ziyadin; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Akoğlu, Ahmet M.; Jabour, Nasser; Belabbès, Samir; Ait-Brahim, Lahsen (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2006)
We study the surface deformation associated with the 24 February 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake (Mw 6.4) that recently affected the Rif Mountains of Mo- rocco. The coseismic displacement field is mapped using synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) with the Envisat (ESA) satellite data acquired in the ascend- ing and descending modes. Our analysis and modeling of InSAR data suggest that the earthquake is associated with a northwest-southeast-trending right-lateral, ap- parently blind strike-slip fault with a seismic moment reaching 6.8 10 18 N m. This result is in contrast with the north-northeast-south-southwest left-lateral fault mech- anism inferred from the modeling of seismic waves. Thrust-and-fold structures of the Rif Mountains developed during the Tertiary period, but the recent significant seismic events and late-Quaternary deformation indicate east-west extension accom- modated by north-south-trending normal and northwest-southeast- and northeast- southwest-trending conjugate strike-slip faults. The active deformation illustrates the fragmentation of the Rif Mountain range due to the Africa-Iberia collision and west- southwestward escape tectonics.
openalex: W2102705328 mag: 2102705328
Keywords: openalex:import

Financing Free Primary Education in Malawi : Can the EFA Goals Be Achieved? - Chimombo, Joseph (2006)
openalex: W184287960 mag: 184287960
Keywords: openalex:import

Investigations of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo Volcanoes (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Using InSAR - Colclough, S. (ESASP, 2006)
Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo are neighbouring volcanoes in the DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo), and are amongst the most active and dangerous in the world. Eleven ERS SAR scenes were obtained, spanning the period between Jun 1997 Jan 2003, and were combined to form interferograms and associated coherence images. During this period, Nyamuragira erupted four times (in Oct 1998, Jan 2000, Feb 2001 and Jul 2002), and Nyiragongo erupted in Jan 2002. The coherence images enabled mapping of lava flows, and based on assumed flow thicknesses, minimum erupted volumes were estimated to be 22 × 10 m, 71 × 10 m and 133 × 10 m, for the 2002 Nyiragongo, and 1998 and 2001 Nyamuragira eruptions, respectively. SRTM data were used to remove the topographic signal from the interferograms, revealing previously undetected volcanic deformation signals over both long (years) and short (weeks) time-scales. Persistent subsidence in Nyamuragira’s NE flow field was attributed to flow cooling and substrate relaxation, and localised deformation within Nyamuragira’s summit caldera and NE flow field, were interpreted to result from shallow magma transport. Inflation on the NW flanks of Nyamuragira was interpreted as a response to magma accumulation prior to the 2002 eruption. This study shows that InSAR can provide insights into the behaviour of these otherwise little studied volcanoes, and can usefully support hazard assessment. The study also emphasises the value of InSAR, even when applied to densely vegetated volcanoes in the humid tropics.
openalex: W31719054 mag: 31719054
Keywords: openalex:import

Flowering phenology of South African Oxalis—possible indicator of climate change? - Dreyer, L.L.; Esler, Karen J.; Zietsman, J. (South African Journal of Botany, 2006)
Oxalis is a large geophytic genus that has diversified extensively in the winter rainfall region of the Cape Flora, South Africa. Patterns of flowering within Oxalis were investigated at both a regional scale (focusing on timing of flowering of Oxalis species in the Cape Region) and a local scale in a single habitat, the J.S. Marais Park, Stellenbosch, over 3 years (1999, 2003 and 2004). We found the active growth period of Oxalis to coincide with the peak rainfall period in the Cape Region, the start of flowering dependent on both the onset of the first significant rains and a drop in average daily temperatures. Both at a regional and local scale endospermous (dormant seed) species displayed an extended flowering season, while exendospermous (non-dormant seed) species displayed flowering peaks early in the rainy season. This correlates well with seedling strategies, in that dormant seeds of endospermous species are less affected by the dry summer months, while seeds of exendospermous species lack dormancy, and must thus germinate and establish seedlings well-before the onset of the dry summer months. Oxalis species in the local study displayed sequential replacement of flowering onset over the growing season, although there was an overlap in peak flowering times. The flowering sensitivity to alterations in temperature and delayed onset of winter rains suggests that specifically exendospermous species of Oxalis may indicate changes in climate. We hypothesize that global warming will influence the relative proportions of exendospermous vs. endospermous species flowering at local and regional scales in the Cape Region of South Africa.
openalex: W2090661163 mag: 2090661163
Keywords: openalex:import

The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate Protects Against Cisplatin‐Induced Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs - Drottar, Marie; Liberman, Marcel; Ratan, Rajiv R.; Roberson, David W. (The Laryngoscope, 2006)
Abstract Objective: There is a need for otoprotective agents that can be administered systemically without compromising cancer treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are anticancer agents that act by upregulating the expression of cell‐cycle control genes. They are also neuroprotective, leading us to hypothesize that they might be otoprotective. The goal of this study was to determine if the antitumor agent sodium butyrate (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) protects against cisplatin ototoxicity when administered systemically. Study Design: This was an animal study. Methods: Cisplatin was administered to guinea pigs who received either 12 days of sodium butyrate (7 d before and 5 d after cisplatin) or equivolume saline injections. Hearing was tested with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) analysis before the start of the study and 2 weeks after cisplatin treatment. Results: Guinea pigs given a single intraperitoneal injection of 14 mg/kg cisplatin experience a mean hearing loss of 8 dB across the frequencies of 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 20 kHz. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.2 mg/kg sodium butyrate per day for 7 days before and 5 days after cisplatin almost completely eliminates this threshold shift ( P = .0011). Conclusions: The histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate gives almost complete protection in a single‐dose model of cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Because histone deacetylase inhibitors are anticancer agents with very few side effects, they may be candidates for clinical use during cisplatin chemotherapy.
openalex: W2126158121 mag: 2126158121
Keywords: openalex:import

Till Marriage Do Us Part: Education and Remittances from Married Women in Africa - Eloundou‐Enyegue, Parfait M.; Calvès, Anne E. (Comparative Education Review, 2006)
Previous articleNext article No AccessTill Marriage Do Us Part: Education and Remittances from Married Women in AfricaParfait M. Eloundou‐Enyegue and Anne Emmanuèle CalvèsParfait M. Eloundou‐Enyegue Search for more articles by this author and Anne Emmanuèle Calvès Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 50, Number 1February 2006 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/498326 Views: 158Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref © 2006 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Tenzin Namgha, Ganesh L., Amalendu Jyotishi Influence of remittances oncapital endowment of Tibetan refugees in India, International Journal of Development Issues 18, no.33 (Sep 2019): 290–309.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-01-2019-0014Robin A. Harper, Hani Zubida Being seen: visibility, families and dynamic remittance practices, Migration and Development 7, no.11 (Mar 2017): 5–25.https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2017.1301303Kyle McNabb , Education Economics 26, no.55 ( 2018): 534.https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1426732Robin A. Harper, Hani Zubida “Here One Moment… and Gone the Next?” Remittance as a Social Visibility Tool, Sociological Inquiry 86, no.33 (May 2016): 324–347.https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12114Samuel Muchoki Using ‘intimate citizenship’ to make sense of the experiences of men with refugee backgrounds in Australia, Culture, Health & Sexuality 17, no.sup1sup1 (Aug 2014): 61–73.https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.950606Rae Lesser Blumberg “Dry” Versus “Wet” Development and Women in Three World Regions, Sociology of Development 1, no.11 (Mar 2015): 91–122.https://doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.1.91Johan Nordensvard Gender and education policy in Ghana: The impact of informal citizenship and informal labour markets on the formal education of girls, Women's Studies International Forum 47 (Nov 2014): 278–286.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.12.010Fatou Jah, Scott Connolly, Kriss Barker, William Ryerson Gender and Reproductive Outcomes: The Effects of a Radio Serial Drama in Northern Nigeria, International Journal of Population Research 2014 (Jan 2014): 1–24.https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/326905Aramidé Kazeem, Leif Jensen, and C. Shannon Stokes School Attendance in Nigeria: Understanding the Impact and Intersection of Gender, Urban‐Rural Residence, and Socioeconomic Status Kazeem, Jensen, and Stokes, Comparative Education Review 54, no.22 (Jul 2015): 295–319.https://doi.org/10.1086/652139Eugene K. Campbell The role of remittances in Botswana: does internal migration really reward sending families?, Population, Space and Place 16, no.22 (Mar 2010): 151–164.https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.538Rae Lesser Blumberg Mothers of invention? The myth-breaking history and planetary promise of women's key roles in subsistence technology, (Sep 2009): 227–259.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511635373.010Janine Huisman, Jeroen Smits Effects of Household- and District-Level Factors on Primary School Enrollment in 30 Developing Countries, World Development 37, no.11 (Jan 2009): 179–193.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.007
openalex: W2123021485 mag: 2123021485
Keywords: openalex:import

Intake of micronutrients high in animal-source foods is associated with better growth in rural Kenyan school children - Grillenberger, Monika; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Murphy, Suzanne P.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Weiss, Robert E.; Jiang, Luohua; Hautvast, J.G.A.J.; West, C.E. (British Journal of Nutrition, 2006)
Observational studies have shown that children in developing countries consuming diets containing high amounts of bioavailable nutrients, such as those found in animal-source foods, grow better. The present study investigated which specific nutrients from the diet of Kenyan school children predicted their growth. The children (n 544, median age 7 years) participated in a 2-year long food supplementation study with animal-source foods. Height gain during the intervention period was positively predicted by average daily intakes of energy from animal-source foods, haem Fe, preformed vitamin A, Ca and vitamin B12. Weight gain was positively predicted by average daily intakes of energy from animal-source foods, haem Fe, preformed vitamin A, Ca and vitamin B12. Gain in mid-upper-arm muscle area was positively predicted by average daily intakes of energy from animal-source foods and vitamin B12. Gain in mid-upper-arm fat area was positively predicted by average daily intakes of energy from animal-source foods. Gain in subscapular skinfold thickness was not predicted by any of the nutrient intakes. Negative predictors of growth were total energy and nutrients that are contained in high amounts in plant foods. The study shows that growth was positively predicted by energy and nutrients that are provided in high amounts and in a bioavailable form in meat and milk, and their inclusion into the diets of children in developing countries should be part of all food-based programmes in order to improve micronutrient status and growth.
openalex: W2102687942 mag: 2102687942
Keywords: openalex:import

Relationship between Belief Systems and Emotional Disturbances among Undergraduate Students in Taiz University,Yemen - Hafeeth, Naser Abdul (2006)
Problems such as low academic achievement, maladjustment with self and others,irrational cognitive systems and emotional disturbances have not been investigated among university students in Yemen.Four instruments were therefore selected and distributed to an overall sample of 800 subjects with 456 of the instruments returned. Nevertheless,the n= 456 met the minimum required sample size (Cohen, 1988; Othman,2001).The current study comprises descriptive correlational research to explore the relationship between a set of belief systems and a set of emotional disturbances among undergraduate students at Taiz University in Yemen.The results of the research indicated that the set of belief systems as the predictive variables intercorrelated within the same set and with the set of criterion variables are also intercorrelated within the same set as proved by Canonical Correlation Analyses (CCA).The four methods of Pillais's,Hotelling's, Wilks's and Roy's canonical correlation were explored to evaluate the full canonical model.However,in this research,Multivariate Analysis with Wilks’s Lambda
openalex: W94302619 mag: 94302619
Keywords: openalex:import

APRICOT BREEDING IN SOUTH AFRICA - CHANGING OF CLIMATES? - Ham, Hannél; Smith, Cristine (Acta horticulturae, 2006)
openalex: W2589486685 mag: 2589486685
Keywords: openalex:import

Adapting to climate-related natural hazards in building rural livelihoods in Mutarara District, Mozambique - Hilhorst, Dorothea; Artur, Luís (2006)
openalex: W2562534088 mag: 2562534088
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate Change in Southern and Eastern Africa During the Past Millennium and its Implications for Societal Development - Holmgren, Karin; Öberg, Helena (Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2006)
openalex: W2020041844 mag: 2020041844
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effect of Using the Reading for Writing Approach on Developing the Writing Ability of Egyptian EFL Learners and Their Attitudes Towards Writing. - Ibrahim, Hany (2006)
Background. Research reveals that the division between reading and writing hinders the development of language learning in general and writing ability in specific. Aims. The study examined the effect of using the reading for writing approach on developing the writing ability of Egyptian EFL learners and their attitudes towards writing. Sample. Thirty, first year secondary school students participated in this study. Method. A quasi-experimental pretest posttest control group design was used to form an experimental group. Results. This small scale study enabled students to develop their writing skills and their attitudes towards writing, with no statistically significant differences between males and females. Conclusion. The study corroborated the efficacy of the reading for writing approach as a feasible tool for enhancing the writing ability of Egyptian EFL learners and their attitudes towards writing.
openalex: W49466256 mag: 49466256
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Males in Education: Endangered or Ignored? - Jackson, Jerlando F. L.; Moore, James L. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
African American males are often categorized as a population at-risk in education (Bailey & Moore, 2004; Davis, 2003; Moore, 2000). In many social domains of American society, they hold a peculiar but uncertain status (Austin, 1996). Endangered, uneducable, dysfunctional, and dangerous are many of the terms often used to characterize African American males (Gibbs, 1988; Majors & Billson, 1992; Parham & McDavis, 1987). Such terms often evoke unsettling emotions and perpetuate negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, it is apparent, based on the dismal national statistics on unemployment, education, incarceration, and mental and physical health, that African American males face numerous challenges in American society (Hoffman, Llagas, & Synder, 2003). It is likely that the aforementioned depictions of African American males can negatively impact the perceived ability and subsequent behavior of African American males (Bailey & Moore, 2004; Moore, 2000; Moore & Herndon, 2003) and impede their pursuit of the ‘‘American Dream.’’ Therefore, it is not surprising that African American males often experience difficulty in social domains, such as education (Jackson, 2003; Jackson & Crawley, 2003; Moore, Flowers, Guion, Zhang, & Staten, 2004; Moore, Madison-Colmore, & Smith, 2003; Nogurea, 2003). Throughout the educational pipeline—elementary, secondary, and postsecondary—in the United States, many African American males lag behind both their African American female and White male counterparts (Ferguson, 2003; Hrabowski, Maton, & Grief, 1998; Polite & Davis, 1999). They are often more likely than any other group to be suspended or expelled from school (Meier, Stewart, & England, 1998), to be underrepresented in gifted education programs or advanced placement courses (Grantham, 2004a, 2004b; Hrabowski et al., 1998), to underachieve or disengage academically (Ford, 1996), and to experience the most challenges in higher education settings as both students and professionals (Flowers &
openalex: W2091638623 mag: 2091638623
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Males in Education: Endangered or Ignored? - Jackson, Jerlando F. L.; Moore, James L. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
openalex: W4210717011
Keywords: openalex:import

African Americans in Adult Education: The Harlem Renaissance Revisited - Johnson‐Bailey, Juanita (Adult Education Quarterly, 2006)
This study examined a 25-year period of African Americans in adult education by accessing the archival holdings of three major data centers: the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the Moorland-Spingarn Archives, and the Hollis Burke Frissell Library. The sociopolitical context of the data was analyzed using a Black feminist theoretical framework. Three themes emerged from the data and were seen to be representative of the major issues found in adult education for African Americans: education for assimilation, education for cultural survival, and education for resistance.
openalex: W1968883846 mag: 1968883846
Keywords: openalex:import

I love English : Engels en geletterdheid in twee opsteloefeningen in een lagere school in ruraal Gambia, West-Afrika - Juffermans, Kasper; Koole, T.; Nortier, J.; Tahitu, B. (2006)
openalex: W2139130328 mag: 2139130328
Keywords: openalex:import

THE IMPACT OF RACIALLY INCLUSIVE SCHOOLING ON ADULT INCARCERATION RATES AMONG U.S. COHORTS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS AND WHITES SINCE 1930* - LaFree, Gary; Arum, Richard (Criminology, 2006)
Despite the substantial body of research on the psychological and social effects of racial segregation in schools on African Americans, few studies have considered the possibility that more racially inclusive schools might reduce the risk of extremely negative adult life experiences such as incarceration. Yet such a connection is made plausible by research linking black racial isolation in schools to variables that are often associated with incarceration rates, including concentrated poverty, and low educational and occupational aspirations and attainment. In this paper, we apply methods first developed by labor economists to assess the impact of racial inclusiveness in schools on individual incarceration rates for 5‐year cohorts of African Americans and whites born since 1930. We find strong support for the conclusion that blacks educated in states where a higher proportion of their classmates were white experienced significantly lower incarceration rates as adults. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the effects of racial inclusiveness on black incarceration rates have grown stronger over time. These longitudinal effects are consistent with the argument that the educational climate of predominantly black schools has deteriorated in more recent decades.
openalex: W2068193843 mag: 2068193843
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Male Teachers in Public Schools: An Examination of Three Urban School Districts - Lewis, Chance W. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
Currently, African American students constitute approximately 20% of the public school population, while African American male teachers constitute 1% of the teaching force. In this article, the author presents the findings of a study that examined the disproportionate number of African American male teachers in America's K-12 public schools. More specifically, the researcher surveyed 147 African American male teachers in three urban school districts in Louisiana to better understand what strategies school districts could implement to increase the presence of African American male teachers. The recommendations are presented in this article.
openalex: W2019016730 mag: 2019016730
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Male Teachers in Public Schools: An Examination of Three Urban School Districts - Lewis, Chance W. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
Currently, African American students constitute approximately 20% of the public school population, while African American male teachers constitute 1% of the teaching force. In this article, the author presents the findings of a study that examined the disproportionate number of African American male teachers in America's K-12 public schools. More specifically, the researcher surveyed 147 African American male teachers in three urban school districts in Louisiana to better understand what strategies school districts could implement to increase the presence of African American male teachers. The recommendations are presented in this article.
openalex: W4300546539
Keywords: openalex:import

An Experimental Evaluation of a School-Based Emancipatory Intervention to Promote African American Well-Being and Youth Leadership - Lewis, Kelly M.; Sullivan, Cris M.; Bybee, Deborah (Journal of Black Psychology, 2006)
This study experimentally examined the effect of a school-based emancipatory intervention on the psychological and behavioral well-being of African American adolescents. Sixty-five eighth graders in an inner-city, predominantly Black school were randomly assigned to either receive the experimental intervention or a regular Life Skills course (the control condition). The class met three times a week for one semester. Growth trajectory modeling was used to test the extent to which the intervention affected students’ communal worldviews, individualism, school connectedness, motivation to achieve, and social change activities over time. Results indicated that the intervention positively affected each of these variables. Increased communalism and increased school connectedness mediated the relationship between the intervention and students’ motivation to achieve. Competitive individualistic orientation was a partial mediator for motivation to achieve. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
openalex: W2020003445 mag: 2020003445
Keywords: openalex:import

‘Moving in place’: Drought and poverty dynamics in South Wollo, Ethiopia - Little, Peter D.; Stone, Morris; Mogues, Tewodaj; Castro, Alfonso Peter; Negatu, Workneh (Journal of Development Studies, 2006)
Abstract This article discusses the impact of drought on poverty dynamics in the South Wollo area of northeastern Ethiopia. Using both survey and anthropological/qualitative data covering a six-year period, the paper assesses which households were able to hold on to assets and recover from the 1999–2000 drought and which were not. It suggests that while the incidence of poverty changed very little during 1997 to 2003 despite the occurrence of a major drought, the fortunes of the poorest improved, but not enough to keep them from poverty. The study concludes by asking how current policies affect patterns of poverty and inequality and what might be done to improve welfare in South Wollo.
openalex: W2147373553 mag: 2147373553
Keywords: openalex:import

FBA and BIP: Increasing the Behavior Adjustment of African American Boys in Schools - Lo, Ya‐yu; Cartledge, Gwendolyn (Behavioral Disorders, 2006)
Overrepresentation of African American boys in disciplinary and special education referrals has been a national conern. This study used functional behavioral assessments (FBAs) and behavioral intervention plans (BIPs) as a means to prevent disproportionality of African American boys. Based on FBA results, interventions were developed for four elementary students to include skill training, differential reinforcement, and a self-monitoring program. The interventions not only meaningfully reduced the students' target problem behaviors to a level similar to that of their comparison peers, but also produced positive outcomes for their alternative replacement behavior. The across-setting generality effects, however, were limited. Implications are discussed regarding the efficacy of FBAs and BIPs for African American boys at risk for and with disabilities.
openalex: W76601630 mag: 76601630
Keywords: openalex:import

Hygienic small-scale milk processing: a training guide for small-scale milk processors in Eastern Africa - Lore, Tezira A.; Kurwijila, Lusato R.; Omore, Amos O. (2006)
openalex: W631487787 mag: 631487787
Keywords: openalex:import

Globalization and cultural specificity in stress and coping among female and male students studying in South Africa and Australia - Lucas, Marilyn; Damianova, Maria Kotzoya; Burney, Susan; Ponto, Maria (2006)
openalex: W1491884552 mag: 1491884552
Keywords: openalex:import

RACE, CULTURE, AND THE EDUCATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS - Lynn, Marvin (Educational Theory, 2006)
A bstract In this essay, Marvin Lynn explores a range of perspectives on African American education, with particular focus on three works: Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement , by social anthropologist John Ogbu; African‐Centered Pedagogy: Developing Schools of Achievement for African American Children , by teacher education expert Peter Murrell; and African American Literacies , by Elaine Richardson, professor of English and applied linguistics. Lynn draws on Charles Valentine's sociological framework for understanding culture in order to interrogate how the concept of culture is used in these works. Lynn concludes that critical race theory in education — a rapidly emerging discourse on schooling and inequality — may be a useful tool for lucidly framing the conditions under which African Americans are educated as well as the possible solutions to the perennial problems faced by this historically marginalized group.
openalex: W2114839556 mag: 2114839556
Keywords: openalex:import

Current Issues in South African Career Counselling and Availability of Teachers in Science and Technology - Maree, Jacobus G. (Psychological Reports, 2006)
Employability seems to be a major consideration for prospective students' career choices. To facilitate accountable career counseling understanding of students' needs and choices of careers through research is essential. Programs for increased specific training are needed as well as improvement in basic training to meet a growing national labor crisis in South Africa.
openalex: W2049686167 mag: 2049686167
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender and higher education in post-colonial Zimbabwe: tentative reflections on policy issues - Mashingaidze, Terence M. (2006)
Social configurations, development projects and even analyses in the academe have largely been androcentric due to the dominance of patriarchy as the mode of existence. Womenâ€™s interests and concerns over the years have been subsidiary to those of men. Many organisations now seek to reverse this by establishing an even keel for men and women. Governments are promoting gender equality and equity through the implementation of gender sensitive policies and programmes. This is being done by according women preferential treatment in jobs and promotions, quota systems in political party candidate lists, enrolment in schools and colleges, and by the elimination of gender restrictions in all spheres of life. In order to show regard for womenâ€™s rights, the engendering of policies, programmes and projects of governments, training institutions, NGOs bilateral and multilateral organisations and other interested partners in development and governance is imperative. This paper seeks to make a historical critique of the application of gender, as a concept and a framework of policy formulation in post-colonial Zimbabweâ€™s higher education sector by academics and administrators. The underlying argument of the paper is that the higher education sector is not â€œsufficientlyâ€ gender mainstreamed. This is so in spite of the fact that as early as 1992 the University of Zimbabwe adopted affirmative action policy
openalex: W1578177620 mag: 1578177620
Keywords: openalex:import

Religion in public schools : an American and South African perspective - Mawdsley, Ralph D.; Beckmann, Johan (2006)
The Constitutions of both United States and South Africa have provisions pertaining to religion. The United States Constitution is by far briefer of two, providing only that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting free exercise thereof... The South African Constitution grants to everyone the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and opinion while also providing that religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided institutions, as long as those observances follow rules made by appropriate public authorities, they are conducted on an equitable basis, and attendance at them is free and voluntary. Thus, while it is readily apparent under U.S. Constitution that a conflict can arise as to whether government action constitutes an establishment of religion or whether government action prohibiting an establishment of religion has intruded upon a person’s free exercise of religion, it is not clear extent to which that conflict exists under S.A. Constitution. What does appear to be facially clear from U. S. and S.A. Constitutions is that both purport to protect individuals from government intrusion into a person’s free exercise of religion.
openalex: W191970400 mag: 191970400
Keywords: openalex:import

Nonformal Education and Informal Economies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Finding the Right Match - Minnis, John R. (Adult Education Quarterly, 2006)
Education policy in sub-Saharan Africa is predicated on human capital assumptions and therefore promotes the expansion of formal education as a way to promote economic growth. As a result, formal education is valued primarily as a private consumer good, a form of cultural capital that allows some to get ahead and stay ahead, rather than as a public good that also benefits the overall society. In the absence of vibrant industrial labor markets, job prospects for school leavers are poor, which places an inflated premium on educational credentials. The collapse of formal economies combined with high population growth rates suggests that higher social rates of return might accrue from more investments in nonformal adult education aimed at improving the skills and labor productivity of rural populations.
openalex: W2003585680 mag: 2003585680
Keywords: openalex:import

Mutational analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and tRNASer(UCN) genes in Tunisian patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss - Mkaouar‐Rebai, Emna; Tlili, Abdelaziz; Masmoudi, Saber; Louhichi, Nacim; Charfeddine, Ilhem; Amor, Mohamed Ben; Lahmar, Imed; Driss, Nabil; Drira, M.; Ayadi, Hammadi; Fakhfakh, Faiza (Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2006)
We explored the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and the tRNASer(UCN) genes in 100 Tunisian families affected with NSHL and in 100 control individuals. We identified the mitochondrial A1555G mutation in one out of these 100 families and not in the 100 control individuals. Members of this family harbouring the A1555G mutation showed phenotypic heterogeneity which could be explained by an eventual nuclear-mitochondrial interaction. So, we have screened three nuclear genes: GJB2, GJB3, and GJB6 but we have not found correlation between the phenotypic heterogeneity and variants detected in these genes. We explored also the entire mitochondrial 12S rRNA and the tRNASer(UCN) genes. We detected five novel polymorphisms: T742C, T794A, A813G, C868T, and C954T, and 12 known polymorphisms in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. None of the 100 families or the 100 controls were found to carry mutations in the tRNASer(UCN) gene. We report here the first mutational screening of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and the tRNASer(UCN) genes in the Tunisian population which describes the second family harbouring the A1555G mutation in Africa and reveals novel polymorphisms in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.
openalex: W2081108731 mag: 2081108731
Keywords: openalex:import

A Qualitative Investigation of African American Males’ Career Trajectory in Engineering: Implications for Teachers, School Counselors, and Parents - Moore, James L. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
Using the grounded theory approach, this research investigation, drawing on a larger study, examined the factors that were most instrumental in influencing African American males’ decisions to pursue engineering as an academic major and career choice. Using open-ended biographical questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus groups, numerous themes emerged from these data. More specifically, the central themes that had major impact on African American males’ career trajectory were (a) strong interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; (b) strong familial influence and encouragement; (c) strong aptitudes in science and mathematics; (d) meaningful academic experiences and relationships with school personnel; and (e) meaningful enrichment programs, opportunities, and academic experiences. Implications, based on the findings of this research, are provided for teachers, school counselors, and parents.
openalex: W1985980362 mag: 1985980362
Keywords: openalex:import

A Qualitative Investigation of African American Males’ Career Trajectory in Engineering: Implications for Teachers, School Counselors, and Parents - Moore, James L. (Teachers College Record, 2006)
Using the grounded theory approach, this research investigation, drawing on a larger study, examined the factors that were most instrumental in influencing African American males’ decisions to pursue engineering as an academic major and career choice. Using open-ended biographical questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus groups, numerous themes emerged from these data. More specifically, the central themes that had major impact on African American males’ career trajectory were (a) strong interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; (b) strong familial influence and encouragement; (c) strong aptitudes in science and mathematics; (d) meaningful academic experiences and relationships with school personnel; and (e) meaningful enrichment programs, opportunities, and academic experiences. Implications, based on the findings of this research, are provided for teachers, school counselors, and parents.
openalex: W4210682868
Keywords: openalex:import

Looking Beyond Challenges: Distance Education Opportunities in Kenya. - Mungania, Penina (2006)
This article presents results of a recent empirical qualitative study examining the opportunities brought by distance education in Kenya’s higher education institutions. Results indicate increasing DE programs, collaborative approaches, e-learning initiatives, and use of blended media to deliver DE programs. Administrative, learning, instructional, business and service, and infrastructural opportunities are discussed. The theoretical framework uses the culture-fit model for analysis of opportunities, implications, and recommendations.
openalex: W73921442 mag: 73921442
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching Measurement in Kenyan Primary Schools: Working Towards Self Employment. - Muthwii, Samson M.; Mse, Godfrey Shedd (2006)
openalex: W372095255 mag: 372095255
Keywords: openalex:import

Overview of funding for construction craft skills training in Sub‐Saharan Africa: a case study of Zambia - Muya, Mundia; Price, Andrew D.F.; Edum‐Fotwe, Francis Tekyi (Construction Management and Economics, 2006)
The wealth of any nation is ultimately based on its human resource or social capital. Education and training are the primary vehicles of developing this resource. Funding of formal construction craft skills training at trade institutions in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is examined, using Zambia as a country case study. The data in the research were collected via semi‐structured questionnaire interviews directed at government financed trades training schools offering construction programmes in Zambia. Results of the research show that formal construction craft skills training in Zambia has not been adequately funded over the years resulting in: ill‐qualified low numbers of poorly remunerated teaching staff; poorly maintained infrastructure and workshop facilities not well equipped for teaching purposes; and out‐dated curricula of construction craft programmes. A wide range of measures is required to improve funding for construction craft skills training. These include: increased training regulation and co‐ordination by government, development of efficient and effective funding mechanisms that involve employers of crafts‐persons, and training provision frameworks that encourage increased involvement of private training providers.
openalex: W2145026722 mag: 2145026722
Keywords: openalex:import

Managing workforce diversity in South African schools - Niemann, Rita (South African Journal of Education, 2006)
An attempt is made to assess the effect of human resource diversity in South Africa and provide strategies for managing such diverse institutions. A pilot study using questionnaires was conducted to determine the circumstances surrounding workforce diversity in a number of educational institutions. Thereafter, qualitative interviews provided in-depth perspectives on issues such as individualism vs. collectivism, gender, assumptions, attitudes and affirmative action measures. The data emerging from the investigation provided clear guidelines for handling diversity in institutions and suggest the necessity for creating an understanding and recognition of differences, providing for reward and support and for developing a sound diversity management strategy.
openalex: W1488046875 mag: 1488046875
Keywords: openalex:import

Investigating Zimbabwean mathematics teachers' dispositions on the 'O' level calculator syllabus 4028 - Nyaumwe, Lovemore J. (South African Journal of Education, 2006)
The questionnaire responses of 38 secondary school mathematics teachers provided initial data for this study. About 26.3% (n=10) of this number was sampled for classroom observation and in-depth interviews in order to assess the consistency of the dispositions. Only 15.8% of the schools in the study adopted the calculator version of the 'O' Level curriculum, 4028. The teachers' dispositions showed competence to use scientific calculators during instruction but maintained teacher-centred instructional approaches in both classrooms where students possess calculators and logarithms. This finding raises fears that even when calculators are available, they may remain on the periphery of mathematics instruction when they continue to be narrowly used as computational devices. Implications of these results are explored with a goal of providing teachers with insight into how to use calculators effectively in the 'O' Level mathematics curriculum.
openalex: W1526781666 mag: 1526781666
Keywords: openalex:import

Undergraduate student mental health at Makerere University, Uganda. - Ovuga, Emilio; Boardman, Jed; Wasserman, Danuta (PubMed, 2006)
There is little information on the current mental health of University students in Uganda. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of depressed mood and suicidal ideation among students at Makerere University. Two student samples participated. Sample I comprised 253 fresh students admitted to all faculties at the University in the academic year 2000/2001, selected by a simple random sampling procedure. Sample II comprised 101 students admitted to the Faculty of Medicine during the academic year 2002/2003. The prevalence of depressed mood was measured using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The prevalence of depressed mood (BDI score 10 or more) was significantly higher in sample I (16.2%) than sample II (4.0%). Sample I members were significantly more likely than those of sample II to report lifetime and past week suicide ideation. Thus, there is a high prevalence of mental health problems among the general population of new students entering Makerere University and this is significantly higher than for new students in the Faculty of Medicine.
openalex: W2150607120 mag: 2150607120
Keywords: openalex:import

Research Reports: Needs, Barriers, and Concerns regarding HIV Prevention among South Africans with Visual Impairments: A Key Informant Study - Philander, J. H.; Swartz, Leslie (Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2006)
openalex: W209980279 mag: 209980279
Keywords: openalex:import

Financing Schools in the New South Africa - Reschovsky, Andrew (Comparative Education Review, 2006)
Previous articleNext article No AccessFinancing Schools in the New South AfricaAndrew ReschovskyAndrew ReschovskyPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 50, Number 1February 2006 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/498327 Views: 213Total views on this site Citations: 14Citations are reported from Crossref © 2006 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Suchitra Gururaj, Patricia Somers, Jessica Fry, Del Watson, Francesca Cicero, Marilia Morosini, Jennifer Zamora Affirmative action policy: Inclusion, exclusion, and the global public good, Policy Futures in Education 19, no.11 (Jul 2020): 63–83.https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210320940139, H van Dyk, CJ White Theory and practice of the quintile ranking of schools in South Africa: A financial management perspective, South African Journal of Education 39, no.Supplement 1Supplement 1 (Sep 2019): S1–S9.https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v39ns1a1820Tracey McKay The Geography of Education: From Race to Class Apartheid?, (Oct 2018): 159–167.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94974-1_17Charl C. Wolhuter, Philip Higgs, Leonie G. Higgs The South African Academic Profession: Personal Characteristics, Career Trajectories, Identities and Sense of Commitment, (Jun 2016): 89–102.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27493-5_6Raj Mestry A critical analysis of the National Norms and Standards for School Funding policy, Educational Management Administration & Leadership 42, no.66 (Aug 2014): 851–867.https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214537227Stephen P. Heyneman, Jonathan M.B. Stern Low cost private schools for the poor: What public policy is appropriate?, International Journal of Educational Development 35 (Mar 2014): 3–15.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2013.01.002Raj Mestry The State’s Responsibility to Fund Basic Education in Public Schools, (Aug 2013): 1081–1101.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6555-9_54C.C. Wolhuter The Promise of the Community College Model in South Africa, (Nov 2012): 245–267.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3679(2012)0000017013Jennifer DeBoer Twentieth-Century American Education Reform in the Global Context, Peabody Journal of Education 87, no.44 (Sep 2012): 416–435.https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2012.705136Lee E. Nordstrum Incentives to exclude: the political economy constraining school fee abolition in South Africa, Journal of Education Policy 27, no.11 (Jan 2012): 67–88.https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.604138Diane Brook Napier Education, Social Justice, and Development in South Africa and Cuba: Comparisons and Connections, (Nov 2009): 33–48.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3221-8_3R. Ahmed, Yusuf Sayed Promoting access and enhancing education opportunities? The case of ‘no‐fees schools’ in South Africa, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 39, no.22 (Mar 2009): 203–218.https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920902750467Francie Lund South Africa: Transition Under Pressure, (Jan 2009): 267–286.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08294-7_14 Yanhong Zhang Urban‐Rural Literacy Gaps in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Roles of Socioeconomic Status and School Quality Zhang, Comparative Education Review 50, no.44 (Jul 2015): 581–602.https://doi.org/10.1086/507056
openalex: W2169785241 mag: 2169785241
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change, vulnerable communities and adaptation : report on Tanzania testing - Robledo, Carmenza; Bachmann, Felix; Rwiza, Stellah; Philippi, Federico di; Chamgeni, Japhet (2006)
openalex: W581097 mag: 581097
Keywords: openalex:import

A blueprint for democratic citizenship education in South African public schools : African teachers' perceptions of good citizenship - Schoeman, Sonja (South African Journal of Education, 2006)
The notion that South African public schools have a distinctively civic mission is recognised in all national education policy documents published since the first democratic election in 1994. The teaching of democratic citizenship education in public schools is a newcomer to South Africa. The purpose in this article is to summarise scholars' views on the attributes of a good citizen and the role of the school in this regard and to report the outcomes of a research project on African teachers' perceptions on the factors contributing to good citizenship. Ascertaining what scholars and African teachers thought would provide a reasonable starting point for addressing the issue of education for democratic citizenship in South African public schools.
openalex: W1605725121 mag: 1605725121
Keywords: openalex:import

Comparison study between Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) and PASS among a sample for Egyptian school students with learning disability - Sheikh, Hanan Al (Annals of General Psychiatry, 2006)
Background We are in bad need to compare the assessment batteries which have the same backgrounds either utilize or clarify the difference between them for the users. This research compares between LNNB and PASS which have the similarity background from Luria's theories in Brain functions. It answers for four questions: What are the similar and the difference between the background of LNNB and PASS? When and with whom could we use either LNNB or PASS? What is the difference between LNNB and PASS? Could we gather LNNB and PASS in one battery?
openalex: W1545253331 mag: 1545253331
Keywords: openalex:import

Digital doorway computer literacy through unassisted learning in South Africa - Smith, Randall E.; Cambridge, G; Gush, Kim (2006)
openalex: W991001023 mag: 991001023
Keywords: openalex:import

Technology in Ethiopian Schools. - Szente, Judit (Learning and leading with technology, 2006)
openalex: W323703176 mag: 323703176
Keywords: openalex:import

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in African-American Adolescents: Impaired Beta-Cell Function in the Face of Severe Insulin Resistance - Taha, Doris; Umpaichitra, Vatcharapan; Banerji, Mary Ann; Castells, Salvador (Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2006)
We have previously demonstrated abnormalities in insulin secretion in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in response to the mixed meal test and to glucagon. In order to further assess beta-cell function in DM2, we measured insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose in adolescents with DM2 in comparison to non-diabetic obese and lean adolescents. We studied 20 patients with DM2, 25 obese adolescents with matching body mass index (BMI) (33.8 +/- 1.4 vs 34.3 +/- 1.0 kg/m2), and 12 non-obese control adolescents (BMI 22.6 +/- 0.6 kg/m2). Mean age, sex and sexual maturation did not differ between the three groups. All adolescents with DM2 had negative islet cell antibodies (ICA); five patients were on diet and 15 on insulin treatment. Fasting lipid profiles were determined in all participants. Plasma glucose and serum C-peptide and insulin levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after an oral glucose load. The C-peptide increment (deltaCP) was calculated as peak minus fasting C-peptide. Area under the curve (AUC) was estimated using the trapezoid method. Insulin resistance was estimated using the HOMA model (HOMA-IR). The first phase of insulin secretion (PH1) was computed using a previously published formula. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the patients with DM2 compared to the non-obese controls (1.4 +/- 0.1 vs 0.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/l; p = 0.02). Plasma glucose AUC was greater in the patients with DM2 compared to the obese and non-obese control groups (1,660 +/- 130 vs 717 +/- 17 vs 647 +/- 14 mmol/l x min; p < 0.0001). ACP was lower in adolescents with DM2 than in obese and non-obese adolescents (761 +/- 132 vs 1,721 +/- 165 vs 1,225 +/- 165 pmol/l; p < 0.001). Insulin AUC was lower in the patients with DM2 compared to obese controls (888 +/- 206 vs 1,606 +/- 166 pmol/l x h; p = 0.009), but comparable to that of the non-obese controls (888 +/- 206 vs 852 +/- 222 pmol/l x h; p = 0.9). Insulin AUC was also higher in the obese than in the non-obese group (p = 0.05). PH1 was significantly higher in the obese group compared to the patients with DM2 as well as to the non-obese controls (2,614 +/- 2,47.9 vs 929.6 +/- 403.5 vs 1,946 +/- 300.6 pmol/l, respectively; p = 0.001). PH1 was also higher in the non-obese controls than in the patients with DM2 (p = 0.05). HOMA-IR was three-fold higher in the patients with DM2 than in the BMI-matched obese group, and five-fold higher than in the lean controls (14.3 +/- 1.2 vs 5.4 +/- 0.8 vs 2.9 +/- 0.4; p = 0.0002). Adolescents with DM2 have dyslipidemia, a significant cardiovascular risk factor. Decreased beta-cell function is characteristic of adolescents with DM2 in the presence of severe insulin resistance.
openalex: W2061298076 mag: 2061298076
Keywords: openalex:import

Partnerships, learning, and development: a case study from Ghana - Takahashi, Chie (Development in Practice, 2006)
Decades of development practice suggest the fundamental importance of improving aid-delivery systems and stakeholder competence in order to improve the well-being of poor people. However, it is questionable whether the aid system is able to change its attitudes and values through such partnerships in a way that will do this. This paper suggests that for this change to be possible, processes of individual, organisational, and inter-organisational learning have to be encouraged, in ways that do not sacrifice the knowledge obtained by aid workers in the processes of global management. The paper explores procedures of bilaterally funded community education projects in Ghana, in order to give insights into the working of partnership arrangements as a means to contribute to the alleviation of global poverty. Critical instances from the case study projects reveal the ways in which learning is facilitated, used, ignored, and hindered as the organisational relations develop.
openalex: W2013709439 mag: 2013709439
Keywords: openalex:import

Blindness and visual impairment from severe midface trauma in Nigerians - Ugboko, V.I.; Udoye, Christopher I.; Olateju, Simeon Olugbade; Amole, Adewumi (International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2006)
Reports have shown that severe midface trauma causes blindness and visual impairment but information from sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients who sustained trauma to the midface and subsequently lost vision in one or both eyes. There were 25 males and 7 females whose ages ranged from 5 to 65 years (mean +/- SD, 33 +/- 13.3 years). All patients presented between 1 h and 7 days of sustaining injury (mean +/- SD, 1.9 +/- 1.9 days). Road traffic accidents (37.5%) and gunshot injuries (34.4%) were the commonest causes. Of the 32 patients identified with loss of vision, half sustained fractures of the zygomatic complex while a total of 54 soft-tissue and bony injuries were recorded. The majority of patients (68.8%) had a ruptured globe, followed by vitreoretinal haemorrhage and traumatic optic neuropathy in 18.7% and 12.5%, respectively. Visual acuity ranged from 6/60 to 'no light perception'. Surgical exploration, enucleation, evisceration or exenteration was the treatment method used for those with ruptured globes. About 10.8% of patients with severe midface trauma also sustained loss of vision in one eye. Loss of vision associated with severe midface trauma is most likely to occur with road traffic accidents and gunshot injuries. High impact from such incidents often causes extensive damage to the eyeball resulting in immediate and irreversible blindness.
openalex: W2080219724 mag: 2080219724
Keywords: openalex:import

Effects of tutors' participation in college management on job enrichment in selected Primary Teachers' Colleges in Eastern Uganda - Wabilo, Samuel (2006)
openalex: W3210979129 mag: 3210979129
Keywords: openalex:import

DNA Vaccine Restores Hearing Loss Induced by β-Tubulin in Guinea Pig - Zhang, J.; Zhou, Bin; Cai, Qing-Qing; Kim, P.; Yoo, T.J. (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2006)
RATIONALE: DNA vaccine has been shown to be effetive in the treatment of immune disorders. We want to restore hearing loss induced by beta-tubulin in guinea pig using DNA vacine. METHODS: Female Hartley guinea pigs(350-450g) were used in this study. All animals were immunized by 200 ug tubulin mixed with the same volume of complete Freund's adjuvant. The tubuin was subcautaneously injected in the back of the guinea pigs. The immunization was booosted once with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) 1 week later (total dose was 400 ug). Hearing tests was conducted before and after the immunization. After the second hearing test, 250 ug control and DNA vaccine was injected into the guinea pig right thigh intramuscularly. After 1 weeks, then we performed hearing test again. RESULTS: Before immunization, the threshold of guinea pig was 55dB SPL and after immunization the hearing threshold was 85dB SPL and vector control was 78dB SPL and guinea pig immunized with DNA vaccine was 55dB SPL. CONCLUSIONS: DNA vaccine could revert autoimmune inner ear disease induced by auto-antigen β-Tubulin and restored hearing loss in guinea pig.
openalex: W2001759319 mag: 2001759319
Keywords: openalex:import

Wealth, mother's education and physical access as determinants of retail sector net use in rural Kenya - Noor, Abdisalan M.; Omumbo, Judith A.; Amin, Abdinasir A; Zurovac, Dejan; Snow, Robert W. (Malaria journal (Online), 2006)
Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) provide real hope for the reduction of the malaria burden across Africa. Understanding factors that determine access to ITN is crucial to debates surrounding the optimal delivery systems. The influence of homestead wealth on use of nets purchased from the retail sector is well documented, however, the competing influence of mother's education and physical access to net providers is less well understood.Between December 2004 and January 2005, a random sample of 72 rural communities was selected across four Kenyan districts. Demographic, assets, education and net use data were collected at homestead, mother and child (aged < 5 years) levels. An assets-based wealth index was developed using principal components analysis, travel time to net sources was modelled using geographic information systems, and factors influencing the use of retail sector nets explored using a multivariable logistic regression model.Homestead heads and guardians of 3,755 children < 5 years of age were interviewed. Approximately 15% (562) of children slept under a net the night before the interview; 58% (327) of the nets used were purchased from the retail sector. Homestead wealth (adjusted OR = 10.17, 95% CI = 5.45-18.98), travel time to nearest market centres (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.37-0.72) and mother's education (adjusted OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.93-4.41) were significantly associated with use of retail sector nets by children aged less than 5 years.Approaches to promoting access to nets through the retail sector disadvantage poor and remote communities where mothers are less well educated.
openalex: W1829096710 mag: 1829096710
Keywords: openalex:import

The Information Literacy Education Readiness of Public Libraries in Mpumalanga Province (South Africa) - Hart, Geneviève (Libri, 2006)
This study examines if public libraries in a province in South Africa are ready to assume an enhanced responsibility for information literacy education, specifically that of students, and, if so, what inhibiting and facilitating factors might exist. The public libraries in the rural province of Mpumalanga provide the case site. “Readiness”, at one level, refers to physical capacity and, on a second level, to more subjective attributes such as staff attitudes and beliefs. The paper reports on the first phase of the study – in which both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered by means of a questionnaire/interview survey of 57 public librarians in 46 sites. The study finds that Mpumalanga public libraries are indeed heavily engaged in serving school learners. Shortcomings in certain physical facilities, such as the lack of space and absence of retrieval tools, are inhibiting factors with the heritage of apartheid still impacting on the availability of and quality of service. The low level of professional education of public library staff is found to impede innovation in library programming. The prevailing information literacy education model largely comprises one-to-one support, although there is a fair amount of source-based group library orientation. Moving towards information literacy education will depend on a shift in conceptions of the educational role of public libraries. In the absence of recognition of their curricular role by public library authorities and educators, many public librarians are not sure that their services to school learners are legitimate. There is, however, dawning recognition that present approaches are not meeting the needs of school learners and that more effective communication with educators is required. This recognition comes from public librarians' frustrating encounters with learners rather than from insight into information literacy education theory and experience. The fundamental conclusion is that sustainable information literacy education in public libraries will depend on more dynamic leadership and on a vision of a new model of public library.
openalex: W2107498507 mag: 2107498507
Keywords: openalex:import

African American Undergraduate Students' Experiences in Residential Learning Communities at a Predominantly White Institution - Best, Julia Y. (2006)
openalex: W2595852494 mag: 2595852494
Keywords: openalex:import

Drug use among secondary school students in Zimbabwe - Eide, Arne Henning; Acuda, S. W. (Addiction, 2006)
A survey of drug use carried out in Zimbabwe in 1990/91 involved 2783 students from five different school categories in two provinces. Results show existence of use and experimenting, although prevalence is generally lower than corresponding European figures. Alcohol and tobacco is more common among urban than rural students and more common among private than public school students. Cannabis prevalence varies less, although high density urban school students report higher figures than others. Prevalence of inhalants is highest at private schools. Use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis increases with age for both sexes, contrary to inhalants which shows a decreasing tendency for females and minimal variations across age-groups for males. Scale analysis for urban students produced results similar to European studies, demonstrating a stage pattern beginning with alcohol and tobacco, followed by cannabis or inhalants. The same pattern could not be demonstrated among rural students. It is argued that drug use among urban students is more developed not only quantitatively but also in that the use of different drugs is systematically strongly intercorrelated. Pattern variations between school-types may also reflect a stronger external or western influence on urban than rural adolescent drug use behaviour.
openalex: W2132577011 mag: 2132577011
Keywords: openalex:import

Perceived sources of stress in Nigerian dental students - Sofola, OO; Jeboda, Sonny Olukayode (European Journal of Dental Education, 2006)
Abstract The objective of this study was to identify sources of stress among dental students at the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. A modified Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire was used to study the 137 students in years 3–6, of which 105 (76.6%) responded. Results show that the year 5 students indicated the highest level of stress overall on items relating to pre‐clinical training with 21 (70%) recording aggregate DES score over the cut‐off point for high stress. For clinical items, nearly all the students – 27(90%) of year 5 and 24 (100%) of year 6 recorded aggregates over the cut‐off point. The most important stressors were those related to the lack of provision of a well‐supported system of dental education in Nigeria in terms of availability of materials for clinical training and study materials. There were no significant differences in stress perception between genders. However, students who chose Medicine as their first choice for admission with Dentistry as an alternative experienced significantly higher overall mean and higher mean scores for most items. In conclusion, it appears there is a need to improve support for dental education in Nigeria.
openalex: W2151778386 mag: 2151778386
Keywords: openalex:import

Nurses and nursing education in Ghana: creating collaborative opportunities - Talley, Brenda (International Nursing Review, 2006)
Aim: This is a story intended to motivate the reader to become immersed in ‘verbal snapshots’ depicting the reality of nursing in Ghana as experienced by the writer. Its purpose is to encourage dialogue and creative collaboration between nurse educators in radically different settings, which would serve to enrich all those involved. Background: During the summer of 2003, a faculty member from the School of Nursing at Georgia Southern University (GSU) travelled to Africa to establish a relationship between GSU and a nursing school in Ghana, West Africa. This paper is based on the daily journal kept by that faculty member who engaged in clinical practice experiences as well as discussions with nursing educators in Ghana. Integrated in this subjective account are health data specific to Ghana. These serve to underscore health issues and situations of urgent concern in Ghana as well as to the global community, and which will assist in highlighting the potential contribution of such collaboration to strengthening the health system of the country. Conclusions: The outcome of the relationship established during this visit was intended to be a meaningful interchange of resources and experiences for both faculty and students at the two schools. It was successful in that regard. Funding is now being sought to enable further collaboration.
openalex: W1983782213 mag: 1983782213
Keywords: openalex:import

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Monitor the Implementation of Outcomes‐based Learning Environments in Science Classrooms in South Africa - Aldridge, Jill M.; Laugksch, Rüdiger C.; Seopa, Mampone A.; Fraser, Barry J. (International Journal of Science Education, 2006)
This article describes the development and validation of an instrument that can be used to assess students’ perceptions of their learning environment as a means of monitoring and guiding changes towards outcomes‐based education. In the first phase, data collected from 2638 Grade 8 science students from 50 classes in 50 schools in the Limpopo Province of South Africa were analysed to provide evidence about the reliability and validity of the new instrument. In the second phase, two case studies were used to investigate whether profiles of class mean scores on the new instrument could provide an accurate and “trustworthy” description of the learning environment of individual science classes. The study makes significant contributions to the field of learning environments in that it is one of the first major studies of its kind in South Africa and because the instrument developed captures important aspects of the learning environment associated with outcomes‐based education.
openalex: W2081825962 mag: 2081825962
Keywords: openalex:import

Refractive status of primary school children in Mopani district, Limpopo Province, South Africa - Mabaso, Raymond G.; Oduntan, Alabi O.; Mpolokeng, M.B.L. (African Vision and Eye Health, 2006)
This article reports part of the findings of a study carried out to determine the causes, prevalence, and distribution of ocular dis-orders among rural primary school children in Mopani district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Three hundred and eighty eight children aged 8 to 15 years were randomly selected from five randomly selected schools. Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and auto-refrac-tion were performed on each child. The preva-lence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism was 73.1%, 2.5% and 31.3% respective-ly. Hyperopia (Nearest spherical equivalent power (FNSE) ranged from +0.75 to +3.50 D for the right and left eyes with means of +1.05 ± 0.35 D and +1.08 ± 0.34 D respectively. Myopia (FNSE) ranged from –0.50 to –1.75 D for the right eye and –0.50 to –2.25 D for the left eye with means of –0.75 ± 0.55 D and –0.93 ± 0.55 D respectively. Regression model for myopia, shows that age had an odds ratio of 1.94 (1.15 to 3.26), indicating a signifi-cant increased risk of myopia with increasing age. Correcting cylinders for the right eyes ranged from –0.25 to –4.50 D (mean = −0.67 ± 0.47 D) and for the left eyes from –0.25 to –2.50 D (mean = −0.60 ± 0.30 D). With-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism (66.5%) was more common, followed by against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism (28.1%) and oblique (OBL) astig-matism (5.4%). With-the-rule astigmatism was more common in females than males; ATR astigmatism and OBL astigmatism were common in males. Regular vision screening programmes, appropriate referral and vision correction in primary schools in Mopani district are recommended in order to elimi-nate refractive errors among the children.
openalex: W2345815062 mag: 2345815062
Keywords: openalex:import

Education-Economic Growth Paradox in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Model - Adebiyi, Adebayo Michael (Social Science Research Network, 2006)
The paper sets out to empirically investigate the paradox that an increase in real educational expenditure reduces economic growth in Nigeria, using annual time series data from 1970 to 2003. Some statistical tools are employed to explore the relationship between these variables. The study examines stochastic characteristics of each time series by testing their stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillip Perron (PP) tests. Then, the relationship between growth rate of real gross domestic product and real capital expenditure on education is dynamically examined using error correction mechanism and the effects of stochastic shocks of each of the endogenous variables are explored, using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. With all the statistical tools employed, the findings reveal that the impact of real capital educational expenditure on economic growth is consistently negative in Nigeria, which is a paradox. The paper concludes that the trend can be reversed by adopting a feasible approach to quality education through alternative incentive schemes. These include new contracts and approaches to teacher compensation, introduction of parental choice across schools and merit awards to teachers, which should be directly linked to objectives information about students' performance.
openalex: W2287380868 mag: 2287380868
Keywords: openalex:import

Carrier rate of enteric bacteria associated with diarrhoea in children and pupils in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria - Adegunloye (African Journal of Biotechnology, 2006)
One hundred stool samples were collected from children and pupils in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. These were examined for the presence of enteric bacteria associated with diarrhea. Seventy of the samples were collected from apparently healthy pupils in some public primary schools in Akure, while thirty samples were collected from children in the Children’s Ward of the Ondo State Specialist Hospital, Akure. All the samples were pre-enriched for Salmonella and Shigella in selenite–F broth and also streaked on MacConkey and Deoxychocolate citrate agar plates. The following bacterial were isolated; Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersina enterocolitica ,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris. S. dysenteriae was found to be most frequent in children aged six to twenty-four months and one to twelve years. The carrier rate of S. dysentriaeamong males was very high compared to the females and there was high rate of bacteria isolates among the children of poor socio-economic status, poor sanitation and poorly breast-fed children. Key words: Diarrhoea, deoxychocolate citrate, enteric, transmission.
openalex: W3208429328 mag: 3208429328
Keywords: openalex:import

2 - Higher Education in South Africa: Market Mill or Public Good? - Vally, Salim (Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2006)
This paper argues that current trends in higher education entail a disincentive for universities to enrol students from poor backgrounds and the continuing reproduc- tion of a highly elitist system. The perception of success in the marketplace, shrink- ing allocations to education, and a discourse of efficiency and competitiveness have sidelined previous commitments to access, equity and genuine transformation. These developments follow a global market utopia which sees higher education as a com- modity, emphasising a new managerialism spurred on by ‘by market-driven notions of competition, privatisation and consumption that adopt corporate models of man- agement in order to reduce costs and maximise profits’ (Baatjes 2005:29). I draw our attention to the urgency of tasks necessary to prevent the further corporatisation of higher education institutions. Unfulfilled promises by the state and the enormity of tasks ahead can result in a temptation to despair on the part of those who perceive of a different higher education system. The inroads of neo-liberalism, of markets and individualism over social justice, community and solidarity, create new moral imperatives. It is ‘part of a more general re-working of education as a sphere of ethical practice – a commodification of education and values which allows us to systematically neglect the outcomes of policy and practices – a demoralisation of society’ (Ball 2003:25). In this situation, education degenerates into a lucrative market opportunity for capital. However, drawing on my keynote address to the 12th World Congress on Comparative Education in Havana, Cuba, I argue for the cultivation of hope in conjunction with the conviction that there is space for social action. I conclude by arguing that this is essential, since education for the commonweal is too important to be left in the hands of business, and the whims and vicissitudes of the market place.
openalex: W4385250392
Keywords: openalex:import

Application of a geographic information system to explore associations between air pollution and micronucleus frequencies in African American children and adults - Huen, Karen; Gunn, Laura; Duramad, Paurene; Jeng, Michael; Scalf, Russell; Holland, Nina (Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2006)
Abstract Exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes in both children and adults. In this study, we used geographic information systems (GISs) to explore possible associations between chromosomal damage in 65 African American children and their mothers from Oakland, California, and both proximity to traffic and regional ozone levels. Study participants were interviewed at the Healthy Child Clinic of Children's Hospital, Oakland, and their blood and buccal cells were collected for assessment of chromosomal damage by the micronucleus (MN) assay. Regional ozone levels, which decreased from April to November with a secondary peak in late summer, were highly correlated with season by month ( r = −0.84, P = 0.02) and strongly associated with MN frequency (frequency ratio (FR): 3.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–8.72) in both cell types of children and adults. Additionally, MN frequencies were modestly associated with individual measures of traffic density in children (FR = 2.45, 95% CI= 0.86–7.10), but not in adults; this suggests a greater vulnerability to traffic‐related air pollution in children. Smoking in the household also increased MN frequency in the lymphocytes of children (FR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01–1.24) and adults (FR: 1.06, 95%CI: 0.99–1.13), whereas vitamin use in adults decreased MN frequency in both lymphocytes and buccal cells (FR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.02–1.31; FR: 0.18, 95%CI: 0.03–1.18, respectively). Our data indicate that GIS‐generated measures of traffic density for individual households augment regional ozone monitoring data used to assess effects of air pollution. This approach helped to demonstrate elevated cytogenetic damage in exposed minority children. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
openalex: W2017377667 mag: 2017377667
Keywords: openalex:import

HIV/AIDS Orphans' Education in Uganda - Kakooza, James; Kimuna, Sitawa R. (Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 2006)
Abstract The HIV/AIDS epidemic in most sub-Saharan African countries has created a crisis in the African family structure. In Uganda, older people's roles have been reversed from being provided for to providers. Older people, who are already poor, face the loss of economic support from their adult children and unexpected social, psychological and economic burden due to the care-giving role they assume. In this study, we used cross-sectional data from Kayunga district in Central Uganda to examine the impact of HIV/AIDS on the role of older persons. We found that there were HIV/AIDS related deaths in 82.3% of the surveyed households. In almost 34% of the households, the care-givers of HIV/AIDS orphans were older people over 50 years old. Almost all households headed by older people (97.8%) had on average three school-going orphaned children living in the household.
openalex: W1484926260 mag: 1484926260
Keywords: openalex:import

Correlates of self-reported physical health status of students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria - Alagh, T B; Omokhodion, Folashade O. (West African journal of medicine, 2006)
Young people including university students are a justifiable target for health status assessment as they form a large group that only recently escaped the adverse mortality experiences of childhood. This study was conducted in the University of Ibadan to determine the state and correlates of students' physical health.Seven hundred and fifty students were randomly selected from all eleven halls of residence by multi stage sampling. Questionnaires derived from the Duke Health Profile, a generic health instrument were administered by trained student peers and responses scored using the recommended guidelines.The overall response rate was 96.5%. The sample consisted of 484 males and 240 females; 602 undergraduate and 122 graduate students giving a male:female ratio of 2:1 and undergraduate:graduate student ratio of 5:1, similar to the ratio in the 18,690 strong general student body. All the university's faculties were represented. Most (92.3%) of the respondents were single. The group had a mean age of 23.8 years (SD 4.6). The mean physical health score was 7.9 (SD 1.67) out of a possible maximum of 10. High scores were significantly associated with male gender and frequent exercise. Sixteen students (2.2%) reported a physical handicap and 122 (16.3%) a medically diagnosed chronic illness. A mean of 1.14 days of disability occurred among the students in the month preceding the survey. Common causes of morbidity reported included fever (59.8%), nervousness (12.4%), cough (12.3%) and sleeping disorders (11.2%).The high mean physical health score recorded in this study indicates that students have an overall good level of functioning. However physical health status was associated with several lifestyle and personal factors.
openalex: W2054314116 mag: 2054314116
Keywords: openalex:import

Junior Farmer Field Life Schools in Namibia - Cato, Kiwan W (2006)
openalex: W2895897168 mag: 2895897168
Keywords: openalex:import

The evolution of professional education in Swaziland and the making of an elite class of Swazi women, 1925-1947 - Dlamini, Shokahle R. (UNISWA Research Journal, 2006)
The year 1844 is one of the important dates in Swazi history, a time when the country witnessed the arrival of two Wesleyan missionaries, Rev. James Allison and Richard Giddy. Their arrival is not only important because it marked the beginning of Christianity in Swaziland, but is also important because it spurred other important social changes. These social changes included healing and education. The primary goal of missionaries in Swaziland, like other parts of Africa, was preaching and converting Swazis to the Christian religion. But this could not be successfully achieved without healing and education. As prerequisites to successful evangelization, healing and teaching were given the same amount of attention given to evangelization. As a result, by 1920, Western education was firmly established in Swaziland. But the Swazi system of formal education was still incomplete without professional institutions. In 1925, a Nazarene missionary made a break-through in the Swazi system of education by beginning nursing education. This paper therefore seeks to examine the evolution of professional education in Swaziland. It further explores the education system against which elite women emerged. It also demonstrates the relationship between the genesis of professional education and the emergence of this small class of professional women. As this connection is shown, the Swazi attitude to evangelization and the far-reaching effects of missionary education on women are clearly revealed.
openalex: W1580295727 mag: 1580295727
Keywords: openalex:import

Employer's views on the relevance of school education in Swaziland - Sukati, C.W.S. (UNISWA Research Journal, 2006)
Employers in Swaziland have often complained about the country’ education system in that it does not provide the required knowledge, skills and attitudes that are needed by both the public and private sector, and thus the need that it be reformed. The objectives of this study were: a) To find out what employers understand by a relevant education system, and the knowledge, skills and attitudes that they require from the school graduautes; b) To find out if schools in Swaziland do provide such relevant education, and c) If they do not, find out where the schools are failing. A research-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information from the employers. A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select the industries that were included in the sample. The results were that only 9.4% of the employers said education given was highly relevant, 65.5% said it was relevant, 21.9% said it was not relevant to their needs, and 3.1% did not know. The employers indicated that the major weaknesses of the system were that it lacked practical and technical skills and that it did not provide the students with good attitudes towards work. The major conclusion drawn from the study was that it was necessary that a forum be created where employers and educators would meet and discuss what needs to be done to make the education system more relevant to the needs of the industry.
openalex: W1534164647 mag: 1534164647
Keywords: openalex:import

Human Rights Education and Curricular Reform in South Africa - Keet, André; Carrim, Nazir (JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 2006)
In this paper we chronicle the development of Human Rights Education (HRE) in South Africa within contemporary structures and processes of curricular reform in the country. We argue that human rights have been constituted as a discursive regime within education that traverses all education policy texts: laws, white papers, guidelines, recommendations and regulations. As such it has found a distinct expression in the new schools' curricula for General Education and Training (GET) and Further Education and Training (FET). We explore the history, processes and structures related to the infusion of human rights into the curriculum in two ways. First, the codification of HRE in the curricula is a product of a continuity and discontinuity with the anti-apartheid struggle for social justice and resistance to apartheid education. Second, the centrality of HRE in the curricula in South Africa is driven by a compliance-approach aimed at meeting an array of international obligations as far as HRE is concerned. In this compliance with global directives HRE in educational policy texts become political symbolic articulations that derive its 'logic' in large measure from the human rights language that is constructed within the systems of the United Nations.
openalex: W1564643156 mag: 1564643156
Keywords: openalex:import

How sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was perceived in some rural communities after phasing out chloroquine (CQ) as a first-line drug for uncomplicated malaria in Tanzania: lessons to learn towards moving from monotherapy to fixed combination therapy - Nsimba, Stephen E. D. (Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2006)
Abstract Malaria is a leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania changed its malaria treatment policy from chloroquine (CQ) to Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) as first line drug in August 2001. We wanted to assess the perception and behaviour about SP after phasing out chloroquine which was very popular, cheap, available, and was preferred by many people for self-medication in homes as it was considered to have minimal side effects. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were carried out after one year of the anti-malarial drug treatment policy change in the country. The FGD themes were on malaria for under-five children and other age groups, anti-malarial drug use through self-medications, specific experiences people had about SP drug for both mothers/guardians, men in the communities and health workers. A total of twelve FGDs were performed with mothers/guardians, men and health workers in the selected public health care facilities in the district. In the FGDs people feared adverse reactions from SP; its slow ability of reducing fever and self-treatment in this case was less reported from the mothers/guardians groups. However, SP was reported by health workers to be administered using the direct observation approach under supervision in their health care facilities. This was done in order to increase compliance as there were worries that some mothers were throwing away the drug if they were instructed by health workers to go and administer SP to their sick children at home. Based on this information, it is obvious that fear and negative perceptions about SP drug was common in the study setting. As evidence of this, there was less reported home-stocking and self-medication in the discussions for this particular recommended new first-line anti-malarial. The public has demonstrated a lack of confidence in SP. Furthermore, some health workers expressed obvious fear and negative perceptions towards the drug despite the fact that some FGDs with health workers considered the drug to be good and effective against malaria. Such negative perception towards SP highlights the need to start earlier sensitization and educational campaigns to the rural communities for a new drug program to ensure its success. Messages should clearly state what should be expected from the new drug (Coartem), before its introduction. This is important especially as Tanzania is expected to move towards the expensive but efficacious and effective fixed-combination (Coartem) anti-malarial therapy early next year (2006).
openalex: W1489370815 mag: 1489370815
Keywords: openalex:import

Attitudes and perception of medical students to autopsy in Ilorin, Nigeria - Buhari, MO; Ojo, BA; Ajao; Ibrahim, Olayinka Rasheed (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2006)
There has been an unfortunate decline in the use of autopsy as a learning tool for medical students, with most students graduating without attending a single autopsy session. We present the views of the medical students of the University of Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria on the practice of autopsy. An open-ended questionnaire on the practice of autopsy was administered to 4th and 5th year medical students, who had received instructions on autopsy practice and pathology. Respondents\' rate was 51.3%. The mean age of the respondents was 24.5. About 70% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of the practice of autopsy. Only 2 respondents (1%) had observed more than 2 autopsies and only 4 (2.1%) had assisted in the procedure in the past. Eighty-four (84.6%) percent will be willing to request for autopsy on their dead patients. Religious and cultural beliefs did not significantly affect the perception of the students on the practice of autopsy. Only 66.7% of the respondents would support a mandatory attendance at specified number of the procedure as requisite for the award of degree. The knowledge of the respondents is fairly good. There is a need to carefully incorporate autopsy into the curriculum of medical students, while unpleasant aspects of the demonstration should be kept to a minimum to encourage attendance and to promote a sense of value.Keywords: attitudes, perception, autopsy practice Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 48(4) 2005: 91-94
openalex: W2084328523 mag: 2084328523
Keywords: openalex:import

Partnerships, Inclusiveness and Aid Effectiveness in Africa - Ndulu, Benno J. (2006)
openalex: W14437652 mag: 14437652
Keywords: openalex:import

A descriptive cross-sectional survey of prevalence, knowledge and perceptions of acne vulgaris among secondary school students in Nigeria - Onayemi, O.; Aghanwa, H S; Soyinka, F; Morakinyo, Olufemi (The Nigerian medical practitioner, 2006)
Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous gland disorder affecting mostly teenagers. Most Nigerian youths attend secondary schools during the teen-age period yet information on the prevalence, knowledge and perceptions of acne vulgaris among them is scanty. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, knowledge and perceptions of acne vulgaris among secondary school students in Nigeria. A standard pre-tested questionnaire on acne was administered to consenting secondary school students in 3 urban towns of Nigeria. The questionnaire measured acne knowledge, beliefs and perception. Respondents who claimed to have acne had visual facial examination to confirm their self-assessment. Responses were matched with demographic data. Responses from 1777 students were analysed. Six hundred and fifty nine of 1552 students who responded to the presence of acne (42.5 %) had acne. Mildly severe acne was the predominant type with over 80% respondents having knowledge of acne and 60% had family history. Many respondents were conscious of their facial appearance, believed that acne patients should be empathized and avoid certain occupation. On the other hand, acne sufferers were not bothered by the disorder and only a few had ever sought medical help. This study thus established that Acne is well recognized by Nigerian secondary school students. Health education program on acne is needed to improve the understanding of some youths about the condition. Keywords: prevalence, acne knowledge, students, Nigeria Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 48(3) 2005: 73-76
openalex: W2082312186 mag: 2082312186
Keywords: openalex:import

Maternal reading and teaching patterns: Associations with school readiness in low-income African American families - Britto, Pia Rebello; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne; Griffin, Terri M. (Reading Research Quarterly, 2006)
ABSTRACTS This study explored the congruence in reading and teaching patterns of low‐income, young African American mothers while interacting with their preschool‐age children in their homes (N=126). Survey and standardized test data were collected on maternal education and language ability, and videotape data were collected, transcribed, and coded on shared book‐reading and puzzle‐solving sessions, using validated coding procedures. Two reading patterns (Story‐Readers and Story‐Tellers) and three teaching patterns (Low Support and Low Teaching; Support and Low Teaching; and Support and Teaching) were identified based on maternal verbal and nonverbal interactions during these sessions. Children whose mothers were identified as Story‐Tellers and the Support and Teaching group of mothers had better language skills than children whose mothers were not in these groups, controlling for maternal education and verbal skills. Este estudio exploró la congruencia entre los patrones de lectura y enseñanza en jóvenes madres afro‐americanas de bajos recursos durante la interacción, en el hogar, con sus hijos en edad preescolar (N=126). Se recolectaron datos sobre la educación y habilidad lingüística de las madres mediante informes y tests estandarizados. Se recogieron datos videograbados que se transcribieron y codificaron en sesiones de lecturas compartidas y resolución de problemas, usando procedimientos de codificación validados. Dos patrones de lectura (Lectoras de Cuentos y Narradoras de Cuentos) y tres patrones de enseñanza (Poco Apoyo y Poca Enseñanza, Apoyo y Poca Enseñanza y Apoyo y Enseñanza) se identificaron sobre la base de las interacciones verbales y no verbales de las madres durante estas sesiones. Los niños cuyas madres fueron identificadas como Narradoras de Cuentos y pertenecientes al grupo de Apoyo y Enseñanza mostraron mejores habilidades lingüísticas que los niños cuyas madres no pertenecían a estos grupos, aun controlando la educación y habilidades lingüísticas de las madres. Diese Studie untersuchte die Übereinstimmung in Lese‐ und Unterrichtsmustern von jungen afro‐amerikanischen Müttern mit niedrigem Einkommen im Umgang mit ihren vorschulaltrigen Kindern zu Hause (N=126). Die Untersuchungsergebnisse und vereinheitlichten Testdaten wurden über die mütterliche Ausbildung und deren Sprachtalent gesammelt; Video‐Kassettendaten wurden gesammelt, übertragen und kodiert bezüglich dem gemeinsamen Bücherlesen und der Zusammenkünfte zum Lösen von Problemen unter Anwendung festgelegter Kodierungsverfahren. Zwei Lesemodelle (von Geschichten‐Lesern und Geschichten‐Erzählern) und drei Unterrichtsmuster (mit wenig Unterstützung und geringfügigem Unterricht; mit Unterstützung und bei geringem Unterricht; und mit Unterstützung und Vollunterricht) wurden festgelegt, basierend auf die mütterlichen mündlichen und nicht‐mündlichen Beeinflussungen während dieser Treffen. Kinder, deren Mütter als Geschichtenerzähler erkannt wurden und solche aus der Unterstützungs‐ und Unterrichtsgruppierung von Müttern hatten bessere Sprachfertigkeiten als jene Kinder deren Mütter nicht in diesen Gruppierungen waren, kontrolliert zwecks mütterlicher Erziehung und sprachlicher Leistungen. Cette étude a exploré la congruence entre lecture et structures d'enseignement de jeunes mères afro‐américaines à bas revenus pendant qu'elles interagissaient avec leurs enfants d'âge préscolaire à la maison (N= 126). On a recueilli des données d'enquête et de tests standardisés sur l'éducation familiale et la maítrise du langage parlé; on a également effectué des vidéos, qui ont été transcrites et codées, lors de séances de lecture partagée et de sessions de résolution de problèmes, en utilisant des procédures de codage validées. Deux patrons de lecture (Lecteurs d'histoire et Raconteurs d'histoire) et trois patrons pédagogiques (Faible soutien et faible enseignement; Soutien et faible enseignement; Soutien et enseignement) ont été identifiés sur la base des interactions verbales et non verbales pendant ces sessions. Les enfants dont les mères avaient été identifiées comme Raconteurs d'histoire et le groupe des mères Soutien et enseignement ont présenté de meilleurs niveaux de langage que les enfants dont les mères n'étaient pas dans ces groupes, l'éducation maternelle et le niveau de langage étant contrôlés.
openalex: W2135710707 mag: 2135710707
Keywords: openalex:import

DESERTIFICATION IN NORTHERN MOROCCO DUE TO EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GROUNDWATER RECHARGE - Dijck, S. J. E. van; Laouina, Abdellah; Carvalho, Anabela; Loos, Sander; Schipper, Aafke M.; Kwast, H. van der; Nafaa, R.; Antari, Mostafa; Rocha, Alfredo; Borrego, Carlos; Ritsema, C.J. (2006)
Groundwater resources in Morocco are expected to shrink in the next decades due to an increasing withdrawal for rural and urban development, and a decreasing internal recharge by precipitation under the influence of climate change. The objective of this work is to analyse the recharge of groundwater systems in a region with traditional agriculture and current transformations in northern Morocco (Sehoul region) in response to future climate change and land degradation. Models were used to simulate climate change and effects on surface runoff and groundwater recharge. The climate models indicated increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation in all seasons in 2050 compared to 1990, and an increasing variability of autumn precipitation. Because most cultivated fields are freshly ploughed and sown in autumn, this will increase the risk of desertification due to declining groundwater recharge and increased surface runoff and erosion. This is confirmed by the results of the event-based surface runoff simulation for the 2050 climate. Surface runoff is mainly produced in ancient grazing fields and fallow fields. In view of the current transformation of collective grazing fields into cultivated land, problems with loss of rainfall in surface runoff and soil erosion could be mitigated by 1. early tillage of cultivated fields along the slope contour, followed by leveling, 2. locating cultivated fields downslope of grazing fields to enable the capturing of diffuse surface runoff coming from the grazing fields, and 3. leaving fallow fields untilled and covered with crop remnants.
openalex: W1596650024 mag: 1596650024
Keywords: openalex:import

Learning about Exit Strategies in Southern Africa - Greenblott, Kara (2006)
openalex: W2897312550 mag: 2897312550
Keywords: openalex:import

STATE OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEGRADATION IN MOROCCO AND PLAN OF ACTION FOR DESERTIFICATION AND DROUGHT CONTROL - Ouassou, Abdellah; Amziane, Tayeb H.; Lajouad, Lahcen (2006)
Severely stricken by successive periods of drought, Morocco has made desertification control, drought mitigation, and environment protection, in general, top priorities in its socio-economic development.
openalex: W2239672427 mag: 2239672427
Keywords: openalex:import

An investigation of Zimbabwe high school chemistry students' laboratory work–based images of the nature of science - Vhurumuku, Elaosi; Holtman, Lorna; Mikalsen, Øyvind; Kolstø, Stein Dankert (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2006)
Abstract This study investigates the proximal and distal images of the nature of science (NOS) that A‐level students develop from their participation in chemistry laboratory work. We also explored the nature of the interactions among the students' proximal and distal images of the NOS and students' participation in laboratory work. Students' views of the NOS and the nature of their chemistry laboratory work were elicited through students' responses to an open‐ended questionnaire and semistructured interviews. The results suggest that students build some understandings of the NOS from their participation in laboratory work. Students' proximal NOS understandings appear to build into and interact with their understandings of the nature and practice of professional science. This interaction appears to be mediated by the nature of instruction. It is posited that each student's conceptual ecological system is replete with interactions, which govern attenuation of proximal understandings into distal images. Methodologically, the study illustrates how students' laboratory work–based proximal and distal images of the NOS can be identified and extracted through analyzing and interpreting their responses to protocols. Implications for A‐level Chemistry instruction and curriculum development are raised. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 127–149, 2006
openalex: W1970712539 mag: 1970712539
Keywords: openalex:import

The significance of school guidance and counselling to enhance English language learning in Algeria - Nawel, Abdellatif (تنمية الموارد البشرية, 2006)
openalex: W2926498599 mag: 2926498599
Keywords: openalex:import

All American Yemeni girls: being Muslim in a public school (Choice Reviews Online, 2006)
1. Introduction: Being American, Being Yemeni: Uncovering a Predicament 2. American Sojourners between Honor and Shame 3. Classroom as Oasis 4. Islam and Conflicting Visions of Literacy 5. The Tensions Teachers Face: Public Education and Islam 6. From Aspiration to Desperation and Living in Ambiguity 7. Living Ethnography: Reflections on Dearborn before and after September 11 * Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments
openalex: W575858612 mag: 575858612
Keywords: openalex:import

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria In Female Students Population Of A Nigerian University (The Internet journal of microbiology, 2006)
Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria refers to the presence and multiplication of bacteria in the bladder urine in the absence of symptoms of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria has been observed to be a strong criterion for urinary tract infections. It is therefore a means of predicting urinary tract infections. It is also common among females especially as they grow older. Materials And Methods: Mid stream urine samples were collected from 300 healthy asymptomatic undergraduate students of Lagos State University between ages of 16 and 26 who were randomly sampled. Each specimen was cultured on MacConkey agar and Blood agar. The inoculated plates were incubated (using Gallenkamp model cooled incubator) at 37°C aerobically for 24hours. Those without growth were re-incubated for an additional 24hours. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was also assessed. Results: Thirty samples (10%) showed significant bacteriuria while 270(90%) showed no bacteriuria or non-significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli was found to be the most predominant, (50%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Streptococcus faecalis (13.33%) Staphylococcus albus (10%) and Klebsiella (6.67%). Co-trimoxazole was the most effective antimicrobial agent against the isolates, while the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and Tetracycline. Conclusion: Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria for asymptomatic bacteriuria in female university undergraduates in this study. The incidence of the bacteriuria is higher than both the younger age group in our environment as well as other parts of the world. Education on abuse and unrestricted use of antibiotics should be encouraged.
openalex: W2494880152 mag: 2494880152
Keywords: openalex:import

Disability in Contemporary Africa (2006)
openalex: W4300881567
Keywords: openalex:import

National council of education: National curricular guidelines for the education of ethnic‐racial relations and for the teaching of Afro‐Brazilian and African history and culture (International Journal of African Renaissance Studies, 2006)
openalex: W4253193455
Keywords: openalex:import

Nurturing Learning: In Sudan and Harlem (2006)
openalex: W4205101044
Keywords: openalex:import

Parental Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Skin Infections and Infestations Among Nigerian Primary School Pupils (The Internet Journal of Dermatology, 2006)
Background: The various factors including parental which influence the prevalence of childhood skin infections and infestations (SII) in the developing countries have been subjected to very little research. Yet, the health and well-being of children is dependent on their parents. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and influence of parental factors of skin infections and infestations (SII) among primary school children in Ijesa-land, Nigeria and influence of parental factors. Methodology: A total of 1,120 pupils from 30 non-boarding public schools in 6 Local government areas of Ijesa-land, were recruited by a multi-staged random technique. Physical and laboratory examinations for SII were conducted and parental sociodemographic data documented. Results: The overall prevalence rate for SII was 40.4%. Impetigo (19.4%), Tinea (15.0%), Pityriasis versicolor (6.1%) and Scabies (4.3%) were the most prevalent. Hitherto, majority (88.9%) of affected pupils were unaware of their skin disease. Higher prevalence of SII was observed among children of unmarried parents (p = 0.034), poorly-educated mothers (p < 0.001), poorlyeducated fathers (p = 0.002), low maternal (p < 0.001) and low paternal (p < 0.001) occupational groups and those with low parental socio-economic status (p < 0.001). Conclusions: SII are very common among Primary school pupils in Ijesa-land. Low parental occupational grouping, poor parental socio-economic, educational and marital status may be contributory. Recommendation: Enhanced parental, particularly female education, poverty alleviation and improved school health programme may mitigate the effects and prevalence of SII among school children in this community.
openalex: W2464793121 mag: 2464793121
Keywords: openalex:import

Prevalence of Impaired Kidney Function in Hospitalized Hypertensive Patients in Maiduguri, Nigeria (The Internet journal of internal medicine, 2006)
openalex: W2475281100 mag: 2475281100
Keywords: openalex:import

Scintigraphic analysis of thyroid diseases at the Lagos university teaching hospital, Lagos, Nigeria (West African Journal of Radiology, 2006)
openalex: W4388263969
Keywords: openalex:import

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Yemeni school aged children and their relationship with harsh parental discipline. - Aa, Al-Yahri (2006)
openalex: W2508925862 mag: 2508925862
Keywords: openalex:import

Health education in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: assessment of future needs. - Aa, Elfituri; Ms, Elmahaishi; Th, MacDonald; Fm, Sherif (PubMed, 2006)
The aim of this study was to determine priority health issues, target groups and education media for future health education programmes in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. A questionnaire was addressed to 2 groups: health officials (n=60) and the general public (n=300). In their lists of health issues to focus on, 7 were the same although prioritization differed. Children and youth were considered the most important target groups and the school setting the most appropriate medium for them. Broadcast media were acknowledged as valuable for health education for the general public. We recommend systematic consultation across official and lay groups as a preliminary requisite for health education initiatives.
openalex: W2136186164 mag: 2136186164
Keywords: openalex:import

[Evaluating the impact of Arabization on medical students' acquisition, Gezira University, Sudan]. - Aa, Mahmdani; Sh, Abdel Rahman (PubMed, 2006)
This study aimed to assess the teaching of medicine in Arabic at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, and its impact on the academic attainments of graduates in terms of their final grade point average (GPA). Of a total of 20 graduation classes, 16 classes were selected, 8 of which (classes 5 to 12) studied in English whereas the other 8 (classes 13 to 20) studied in Arabic. The last 8 classes include all graduates (until January 2004) since the Arabic teaching system was first introduced. The proportion of graduates with excellent grade (GPA 3.5 to 4.0), very good and good grade (GPA 2.50 to 3.49), overall pass grade (2.00 and above) of both groups were calculated and compared, as were the failure rates (GPA below 2.00). The overall performance of the classes that studied in Arabic was better (P < 0.05).
openalex: W2413000089 mag: 2413000089
Keywords: openalex:import

Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education and National Identity 1863-1922 (review) - Abaza, Mona (Journal of Middle East Women's Studies, 2006)
Mona L. Russell Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education and National Identity 1863-1922 Mona Abaza Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education and National Identity 1863-1922. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2004. It is not new to observe that in the area of Middle Eastern studies, the field of consumer and cultural studies is suffering from a great neglect. Cultural studies are picking up slowly in our part of the world, but Arab academics still mistakenly consider consumer studies as a trivial field. No doubt, the sociology of consumerism in the Middle East still is to come, but exceptions are the recent works (nevertheless in English) of Deniz Kandiyoti and Ayse Saktanber on Turkey and Walter Armbrust's edited volume, both of which deal pertinently with consumer culture and modernity. Nancy Young Reynolds' unpublished thesis on consumption from 1910 until 1960 suggests how significant a role consumption played in nationalist articulations with the issue of the boycott of foreign goods and the dumping of local products, by focusing on the history of department stores in Cairo, which she studied from the angle of the evolution of Egyptian cosmopolitanism in commerce and consumption. However, I have not come across any in-depth sociological or historical studies in the Arabic language that tackle the cultural effects of globalization on Egyptian consumerist attitudes. [End Page 149] Mona L. Russell´s book fills this lacunae, and her book can only be praised. A dissertation turned into a book, it examines consumerism through the prism of the creation of the image of the "new" modern woman at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. A historical study on the consumer culture of elites in colonial times and the intertwined, intricate relationship to European consumer culture, Russell's book is well written and pleasant to read. She begins her book with Qassem Amin's "feminist" writings to argue that he, to cite Arland Thornton, was reading history "sideways," and further argues that in Amin's views, the comparison to the West implied that the New Woman is an improved and superior woman. Russell develops two parallel arguments whereby she links consumer culture to the history of modern Western education, or the two-track, parallel educational system established by Mohammed Ali and, at a later phase, its Egyptianization. Her analysis of the impact of education and textbooks extends from the elites to the middle classes to draw important differences in world views and the difference in emphasizing (or not) foreign languages and women's participation in the public sphere. However, Russell's conclusion is that education reinforced class divisions in society, much like textbooks were not free from biased views about the fellahin as being simple, dirty, and ignorant people. One of her pertinent observations is that if Turkish was the language of the ruling elites during Mohammed Ali, Khedive Isma'il encouraged French and Arabic. While Abbas Helmi II's first language was Turkish, in his memoirs he stresses the significance of the Arabic language. Thus, Russell discusses the complexity of language use among the ruling classes and its relationship to Egyptianization. However, she develops one main thesis, which associates the birth of the new consumerism of the al-Sayyida al-istihlakiyya, or the new (consuming) woman, with the inculcation of new education norms, hygiene, and household management. Russell argues that change occurred with the persistence of parallel structures whereby traditional structures continued to exist with modern ones, much like modern shops and department stores did not replace bazaars or higher primary school. Very useful, archival information about the establishment of schools is provided, particularly in regard to the history and proliferation of foreign-language schools. Russell points to the crucial fact that during Ismail's reign, between the [End Page 150] years of 1863 and 1879, 129 private schools opened in Egypt (109). In fact, Russell's work is an attempt to interweave consumerism with education and identity formation in relation to nation-building; shopping in person was a way to offer additional choices. A good review of literature on department stores in the West also is provided. Russell analyzes at length the idea that at the turn of the...
openalex: W4205239776
Keywords: openalex:import

Educational Quality in Islamic Schools, Report No.1: Nigeria - Abd‐El‐Khalick, Fouad; Boyle, Helen; Pier, Daniel (2006)
openalex: W2301939706 mag: 2301939706
Keywords: openalex:import

African Education and Globalization: Critical Perspectives - Abdi, Ali A.; Puplampu, Korbla P.; Dei, George J. Sefa (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2006)
Part 1 Section One Chapter 2 African Education and Globalization: An Introduction Chapter 3 Culture of Education, Social Development, and Globalization: Historical and Current Analyses of Africa Chapter 4 Critical Perspectives on HIgher Education and Globalization in Africa Chapter 5 Indigenous Knowledges and Globalization: An African Perspective Chapter 6 Higher Education for Africa's Women: Prospects and Challenges Chapter 7 Globalization, Information Technologies, and Higher Education in Africa: Implications of the Market Agenda Part 8 Section Two Chapter 9 The Contested Politics of Education in Ethiopia: Leadership Vacuity, Mass National Alienation, Ethnic Atomization, and Resistance Chapter 10 Global Economic Restructuring and Education for Development in Ghana Chapter 11 The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and Education in South Africa: A Critical Discussion Chapter 12 Swaziland: Towards an Effective Education for Global Citizenship Chapter 13 Continuity or Discontinuity in Educational Equity: Contradictions in Structural Adjustment Programs in Zimbabwe
openalex: W1578118065 mag: 1578118065
Keywords: openalex:import

Inner-city African American parental involvement in elementary schools: Getting beyond urban legends of apathy. - Abdul‐Adil, Jaleel; Farmer, Alvin David (School Psychology Quarterly, 2006)
Parental involvement in schools is a national priority for both educators and researchers to promote the successful schooling of contemporary youth. Contemporary parental involvement research has produced some promising findings, but parental involvement efforts with inner-city African Americans are currently limited by problems of research methodology and program foci. Certain research studies do, however, demonstrate that inner-city African American parents have responded positively to parental involvement programs that emphasize themes of empowerment, outreach, and indigenous resources. Based on these three promising themes, the authors propose practical strategies for increasing inner-city African American parental involvement as a means of increasing parental participation and school success among inner-city African American families.
openalex: W2127660663 mag: 2127660663
Keywords: openalex:import

Histopathological study of liver diseases at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria (1989-2000) - Abdulkareem, F B; Banjo, A A F; Elesha, S O; Daramola, A O (Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2006)
We present a retrospective histopathological study of 345 liver biopsies over a 12-year period. The study sought to record the frequencies of the range of histopathological changes observed in liver biopsy specimens.the materials consisted of slides and paraffin embedded blocks of all liver biopsy specimens received from within and outside the hospital. The clinical data such as the age, sex, and clinical summary were extracted from the request forms.there were 222 males and 123 females; M: F=1.8:1; peak age incidence of 41-50 years. The three common histopathological diagnoses were hepatocellular carcinoma-33%, chronic hepatitis-17.7%, and liver cirrhosis-17.7%. Thirty per cent of hepatocellular carcinoma was post-cirrhotic. The peak age incidence of chronic hepatitis precedes that of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by one decade.the common forms of liver disease diagnosed histologically are hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The age and sex distribution are similar to those already established in the African literature.
openalex: W84390773 mag: 84390773
Keywords: openalex:import

Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Islamic Studies Teachers in Secondary Schools in Borno State, Nigeria - Abdullahi, H; Haruna, Ibrahim (Nigerian School Library Journal, 2006)
The paper identifies information needs and seeking behaviour of Islamic studies teachers in Borno State. It is a survey research, utilizing questionnaire and interviews. The population of the study comprises 161 Islamic studies teachers in 60 secondary schools in Borno State. It adopts purposive sampling technique in that only schools that have at least one Islamic studies teacher are considered for the study. Findings reveal that Islamic studies teacher need information in their areas of spe cialities, followed by inform ation on their profession. The teachers use their personal collection first when seeking information, followed by consultation with colleagues in the same discipline and libraries. The libraries could not, in their entirety, meet the information needs of the teachers and the librarians attributed this to understaffing and underfunding of t he libraries. As a way forward, the paper recommends that the libraries should be adequately funded to employ qualified staff to meet the enormous demands made on them by users.
openalex: W21608657 mag: 21608657
Keywords: openalex:import

Administrative training needs of public primary school Headteachers for effective management of schools in Kuria district,Kenya - Abere, Stephen O (2006)
openalex: W2269301345 mag: 2269301345
Keywords: openalex:import

South African Higher Education in the "Knowledge Economy": Vignettes and Visions towards 2014 - Abrahams, Luci; Melody, William H. (2006)
openalex: W2984836231 mag: 2984836231
Keywords: openalex:import

The Effect of an Organic Pesticide on Mortality and Learning in Africanized Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Brasil - Abramson, Charles I.; Singleton, Jordan B.; Wilson, Maritza; Wanderley, Paulo Alves; Ramalho, Francisco de Souza; Michaluk, Lynnette (American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2006)
Seven experiments were conducted.First, the influence of the consumption of different concentrations of the organic pesticide Bioganic ® on mortality was assessed at 11 different time intervals in Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) as was direct application of the pesticide to the abdomen.Results indicated that the pesticide was not lethal to bees regardless of concentration at any intervals tested whether consumed directly or applied to the abdomen.Second, the effects of different concentrations of the pesticide on Pavlovian conditioning and complex learning were examined in harnessed foragers.Results suggest that the pesticide affected learning; however, this conclusion may be erroneous because the bees would not feed on the pesticide, thus making it impossible to properly assess Pavlovian conditioning and complex learning.Consequently, the effect of the agrochemical on complex learning was examined in free flying bees trained to land on targets.The results of free flying experiments indicated that bees did not avoid a target associated with the smell of the pesticide but did avoid the target if they had to drink the pesticide.
openalex: W1986911952 mag: 1986911952
Keywords: openalex:import

Intelligent tutoring system for teaching database to sophomore students in Gaza and its effect on their performance - Abu-Naser, Samy S. (2006)
openalex: W2969894094 mag: 2969894094
Keywords: openalex:import

A description of the self-perceived roles of registered nurses in student health services in selected tertiary institutions in South Africa - Adams, Bridget (2006)
openalex: W2278479855 mag: 2278479855
Keywords: openalex:import

The change of language of instruction from Kiswahili to English in Tanzanian diploma teacher training colleges: a case of Morogoro and Mtwara TTCs - Adamu, Ruth (Papers in Education and Development, 2006)
openalex: W1516875022 mag: 1516875022
Keywords: openalex:import

Blindness and visual impairment among the elderly in Ife-Ijesha zone of Osun State, Nigeria - Adegbehingbe, B; Fajemilehin, B; Ojofeitimi, E; Bisiriyu, L (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2006)
openalex: W4300944986
Keywords: openalex:import

Blindness and visual impairment among the elderly in Ife-Ijesha zone of Osun State, Nigeria - Adegbehingbe, BO; Fajemilehin, BR; Ojofeitimi, E.O.; Bisiriyu, LA (Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2006)
Background: To provide information on the prevalence of visual impairment, blindness and the leading causes of visual changes among the elderly in Ife-Ijesha zone of Osun state in Nigeria. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive community based study Methods: All people aged 60years or older were gathered at various centres in Ife-Ijesha zone of Osun State, Nigeria. They were all screened for various medical problems including eye ailments and blindness according to World Health Organisation (WHO) definition. Information was retrieved and clinical examination conducted by the ophthalmologist in the team. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Out of the 681 elderly who presented for medical check up, 445 had eye problems. A few 25 (5.6%) were bilaterally blind while 202 (45.4%) were visually impaired according to the WHO definition of blindness and visual impairment. Blindness was twice as common in men as in women and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Cataract (42.3%), glaucoma (32.4%) and uncorrected aphakia (9.9%) were the leading causes of blindness in 69 eyes while 80% of visual impairment was due to cataract alone. Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in this study population is high. These findings in a community where most of the elderly are fast losing traditionally accorded attention due to civilization and urban movement call for a great concern.
openalex: W1963506070 mag: 1963506070
Keywords: openalex:import

Effect of Training Programme on Secondary Schools Teachers Knowledge and Attitude towards Reproductive Health Education in Rural Schools IIe-Ife, Nigeria Attitude towards Reproductive Health Education in Rural Schools IIe-Ife, Nigeria - Adegbenro, Caleb A.; Adeniyi, Joshua D.; Oladepo, Oladimeji (African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2006)
This study assessed the effect of training programme on teachers' knowledge of and attitude towards reproductive health education /sexuality education [RHE/SE] in five randomly selected rural schools in Ife-North local government area [IFLGA], Southwest, Nigeria .All the 84 teachers in the selected schools in the LGA were recruited for the study. They [84 teachers] were all given training in RHE/SE for one month. Their knowledge and attitude towards RHE/SE were assessed pre-and post-training programme. The results show a significant increase in percentage of those who had good knowledge in general areas of RHE/SE at post-training assessment compared with pre-training assessment[from 14.3% to 53.6%,p=0.0001].Also, pre-post attitudinal disposition assessments show that there was an increase in percentage of those who were favourably disposed to the teaching of RHE/SE in Nigeria Schools at post-training assessment [from 17.9% to 45.2%, p=0.0011].The study suggests that RHE/SE should be included and made compulsory in all training programme for all teachers in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health Vol. 10 (2) 2006: pp. 98-105
openalex: W1575866853 mag: 1575866853
Keywords: openalex:import

Challenges of funding forestry education and research for sustainable forestry development in Nigeria - Adegeye, AO; Azeez, I. O. (2006)
openalex: W3162144145 mag: 3162144145
Keywords: openalex:import