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Exposure to indoor air pollution may be responsible for nearly 2 million per year deaths in developing countries. In Kenya, it is among the factors linked to high morbidity, especially in children aged below five years.The survey was conducted in 2005 in 350 rural households to identify household factors that are likely to enhance indoor air pollution.Questionnaire, continuous and spot observations were used to collect data on household characteristics, type of primary building in homestead,...

Problems facing African American students with special needs are numerous and complex. Although processes and procedures are in place to properly serve these students, far too many become ensnared in webs of bureaucracy and benign neglect. This article examines African American students’ experiences with special education in Milwaukee Public Schools. In addition, it provides recommendations for teachers and administrators willing to deconstruct the negative impact of inadequate educational programming for these students.

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and undergraduates' attitude of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria, (OAU), to self-employment were examined. Over one thousand students enrolled for the special electives in 2006/2007 academic session. These students were administered with questionnaire, pre- and post-entrepreneurship education. Out of these, six hundred students were randomly selected as the sample size, consisting of three hundred each for both pre-intervention and post-intervention...

Introduction One of the fundamental laws of the library is that the resources-books and non-book must be well consulted. The librarian has to acquire and provide access to the information stocked in the libraries. The user is very important in the practice of librarianship; this is because library process revolves around the users. The user is very critical to the services of a library, hence the user of a library must be constantly asked to assess the services and resources provided, this...

Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reflect a nation's socio-economic status, the efficiency and effectiveness of health care services. This important indicator is useful in planning for improved healthcare delivery. A four year review of neonatal outcome was therefore conducted in the special care baby Unit (SCBU) of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).The study was done between 2003 and 2006 and sought to review the morbidity, mortality, salvage rate of low birth weight babies...

<h3>Introduction</h3> Radio, the major source of news and information in Nigeria, is largely controlled by the state. Broadcasting objective content, and supporting independent radio stations, is warranted. Medical student members of the Nigerian affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War were inspired to bring information about health approaches to violence prevention to radio listeners who had endured periodic ethno-religious and political violence in Jos....

This article uses developments in three cases claiming environmental harm and human rights violations arising from Shell Oil's operations in Nigeria – brought in the United States, the Netherlands, and Nigeria – to explore the complex intersection of transnational corporate responsibility, environmental justice, and climate change. It considers the nature of environmental rights violations in general and those in Nigeria in particular, the barriers to addressing these problems through law,...

This article uses developments in three cases claiming environmental harm and human rights violations arising from Shell Oil’s operations in Nigeria – brought in the United States, the Netherlands, and Nigeria – to explore the complex intersection of transnational corporate responsibility, environmental justice, and climate change. It considers the nature of environmental rights violations in general and those in Nigeria in particular, the barriers to addressing these problems through law,...

Background Youth violence has been associated with adverse health behaviours and health outcomes in developed countries.However, there is limited information on the prevalence and factors associated with violence among adolescents in schools in Africa.Methods A cross sectional survey of 516 adolescents aged 13-15 years in six public secondary schools, in Ogun State located in south west Nigeria, was conducted using the Global School Health Survey instrument.The prevalence of self-reported fi...

This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional...

It is important to reduce our carbon footprint through mitigation measures as well as adapt to the predicted impacts of climate change. Both mitigation and adaptation can be achieved using sustainable land use and management techniques. It estimated that there could be a reduction of 50% of rainfed agriculture by 2020. South Africa could experience increased drought in the west and increased rainfall and flooding in the east, with some areas being hit by alternating periods of drought and...

It is important to reduce our carbon footprint through mitigation measures as well as adapt to the predicted impacts of climate change. Both mitigation and adaptation can be achieved using sustainable land use and management techniques. It estimated that there could be a reduction of 50% of rainfed agriculture by 2020. South Africa could experience increased drought in the west and increased rainfall and flooding in the east, with some areas being hit by alternating periods of drought and...

Abstract: This article examines two cases of conflict from the Transkei region of South Africa. In the first instance in 1955, young men caught up in a stick fight after drinking beer were arrested, tried, and convicted, and they received harsh sentences of six months of hard labor. In the second case in 1961, boys at an elite school in Umtata protested their poor food and lodging arrangements, set fire to the school library, and threatened to kill the headmaster. While they were convicted,...

Eritrea has been battling with many challenges particularly in its education sector. It does not have sufficient educational institutions at tertiary level, thus, distance learning which is more cost effective, could be an alternative method of higher education for this young country in Africa. Distance education (DE) could promote higher education in Eritrea by providing access to large number of people including working people, fighters, women and other adults. This paper therefore...

In her 2009 presidential address, RSNA President Theresa McLoud focused on trends in Radiological Training : National and International Implications. She said : 'We need to embrace the change that globalization is bringing and actively join in the discussion as we seek ways to adapt ourselves and our training programs to it.' The editorial in the June 2010 issue of this journal focused positively on the state of academic radiology in South Africa and also drew attention to the continuing...

We conducted a group randomized trial of 2 South African school-based smoking prevention programs and examined possible sources and implications of why our actual intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were significantly higher than the ICC of 0.02 used to compute initial sample size requirements.Thirty-six South African high schools were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups. On 3 occasions, students completed questionnaires on tobacco and drug use attitudes and behaviors. We...

Temporarily open/closed estuaries typically open to the sea due to freshwater inflow coupled with storm surge events. In September 2008, in the absence of freshwater inflow, the mouth of the East Kleinemonde Estuary breached in response to a storm surge. The mouth of the estuary closed the following day at a high level. Marine overwash events following the breach introduced large volumes of saline water into the estuary and raised the water level by 0.07–0.33 m. Salinity was significantly...