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Levels of orphanhood and patterns of different forms of orphanhood (namely, double, paternal and maternal) will change as an HIV epidemic progresses. The implications of different forms of orphanhood for children's development will also change as the cumulative impact of a period of sustained high morbidity and mortality takes its toll on the adult population. In this article we describe patterns of orphanhood and orphans' educational experience in populations in eastern Zimbabwe subject to...

Abstract ... white settlers require native servants, they can only ensure a continuous supply by seeing to it that the servants are kept in a state of decided educational inferiority. To educate them ... (would) inculcate such mischievous and intolerable ideas as democracy, the brotherhood of man, human freedoms and the like (Wellington, 1967, p. 391) In 1990, after sixty‐seven years of apartheid rule Namibia gained independence from South Africa. The quote above illustrates the influences...

A cross sectional study was conducted amongst students of a school of health technology in Yaba. Lagos. Nigeria to determine their knowledge about HIV/AIDS and their sexual practices. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Two hundred and thirty-six students out of 250 participated in the study (94% response rate). The mean age was 24.7+5.2 years, 167 (71%) respondents were females while 69 (29%) were males. One hundred and seventy-seven (75%) students were single and 59...

The study addressed the issue of teacher motivation as an essential factor for classroom effectiveness and school improvement. Teacher motivation has to do with teachers' desire to participate in the education process. 772 (10%) public primary and secondary school teachers selected through strategic random sampling technique from the south eastern part of the country participated in the study. Data was collected using a survey instrument designed by the researcher. Analysis of data revealed...

The first step towards the introduction and development of university education in Kenya was a private initiative. Although the initiative was rejected, it led to the establishment of the Royal Technical College in Nairobi. The Royal College, Nairobi was elevated to university status under a special arrangement with the University of London in 1961 and changed its name to the University College of Nairobi. In 1970, the University College of Nairobi attained full university status, becoming...

Nigeria was given a very low rating in human development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the year 2002. This is due partly to the patriarchal nature of Nigeria, which emphasizes male education more than that of the female. The result is that fewer educated women than men are available to contribute to national development activities. The recent introduction of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme by the Federal Government is seen as a catalyst which will...

The idea of education as a capital good is rooted in the concept of “human capital”, which attaches a high premium to human skills as a factor of production in the development process. Education is known to be an important determinant of earnings in market economies. The higher an individual’s educational attainment, the higher that individual’s expected starting salary and the steeper the rise in earning capacity over time, especially during the early working years. This study investigates...

The idea of education as a capital good is rooted in the concept of “human capital”, which attaches a high premium to human skills as a factor of production in the development process. Education is known to be an important determinant of earnings in market economies. The higher an individual’s educational attainment, the higher that individual’s expected starting salary and the steeper the rise in earning capacity over time, especially during the early working years. This study investigates...

The community-based training of the University of Maiduguri Medical College was expanded in 1990 to cover three rural local government areas (LGAs) located between 25 and 145 km from the University. This study was conducted between March and May 2000 to assess the impact and level of awareness of the training in the three LGAs in promoting the ideals of Primary Health Care (PHC) and community-based medical education, as perceived by community leaders.Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held...

To assess the awareness and frequency of use of mouth-guards for football among secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria, as well as the amount of oro-facial trauma previously associated with football game in these adolescents, a questionnaire - based cross-sectional study was conducted. Six hundred and thirty -one amateur footballers - 465 (73.7%) males and 166 (26.3%) females in the age range of 10 - 19 years (mean age, 15.01 +/- 2.86SD) completed the questionnaire giving a response...

Abstract Objective To assess patients' satisfaction with pharmaceutical services using an“ideal referent” model, and to further explore the validity of an existing patient satisfaction instrument. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 500 outpatients recruited consecutively at the University of Benin teaching hospital, Nigeria. A self-completion questionnaire that employed a Likert-type scale was used. Data were used to calculate scores on a scale that ranged from 20...

The education sector includes the sum total of all organizations - public, civic, and private - involved in the management and delivery of instruction. In Nigeria, these include the schools at all levels, as well as the agencies that provide them pedagogical and technical support, manage and run them at the federal, state and local levels. The analysis of capacity here focuses, however, on the public schools sub-sector and, within it, on the organizations charged with the implementation of...

This article reports a rhetorical discourse analysis of learner perspectives on language diversity in a contemporary South African high school. Based on four group discussions with Grade 12 isiXhosa, Afrikaans and English-speaking learners, the analysis traces two interrelated clusters of argument. In the first, a liberal discourse of individual freedom and human rights is mobilised to argue against a language order where languages are made compulsory, or forced upon people. We show that...

Stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with AIDS (PWAs) may reduce people's willingness to have themselves tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)--thereby increasing the risk of transmission.To examine attitudes towards (HIV) testing and determinants of attitudes towards PWAs.A cross-sectional.600 first-year university students from South India, South African and America filled in a self-administered questionnaire. Main outcome measures included an Attitudes towards HIV-Antibody...

The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride levels in water, soil and tea, and to identify the major fluoride minerals in soil that supply water with fluoride ions. Another aim was to study the prevalence of dental fluorosis in permanent dentition of the school children of the Gaza Strip. Monitoring of fluoride levels in 73 groundwater wells and 20 topsoil samples for the last three years revealed a general trend of increasing from north to south of the Gaza Strip. A linear...

This paper discusses tensions and contradictions experienced by a group of psychologists in post-1994 South Africa as we struggled to develop an MA program in community psychology. Situating our work within the history of the subdiscipline and the historical context confronting South Africans in the "wake of apartheid," we explore models of community psychology that informed praxis under apartheid and contemporary challenges confronting a country in transition. We discuss three tensions that...

Because of the scarcity of knowledge about middle-class African American adolescents, the present study explored psychological and parental factors in relation to academic performance. The participants were 336 middle-class African American students and their biological mothers. The findings suggest that for African American middle-class adolescents, educational expectations and school engagement have the strongest relation to academic performance. Self-esteem was not related to academic...