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Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by changes in African climate or shifts in climate variability. Marine sediment sequences demonstrate that subtropical African climate periodically oscillated between markedly wetter and drier conditions, paced by earth orbital variations, with evidence for step-like (±0.2 Ma) increases in African climate...

Following the results of the Ife Six-Year Primary Project designed to use an indigenous Nigerian language as a medium of instruction in primary schools, some suggestions have been made to introduce it in all Nigerian primary schools. This study investigates the attitudes of student teachers towards mother-tongue instruction. Data for the study were gathered by means of a questionnaire administered to 106 students in a Nigerian college of education. It was found that the students had a...

This paper examines several key factors that determine nurses' ability to complete the Botswana Obstetric Record (BOR), an instrument that should help with early diagnosis of problems during pregnancy, labour, delivery and the puerperium. Using a national sample of 309 nurses working in hospitals, clinics and health posts under the local government authority in Botswana, the study found that a nurse's ability to complete the BOR was significantly related to midwifery training, level of basic...

This article comments on leadership within mainstream literature on school effectiveness/improvement, where it is almost always considered to be a factor of change. The article argues that systemic school improvement, particularly for disadvantaged children, is inextricably linked to wider social, economic and political conditions—in South Africa’s case, the political transition from apartheid to democratic government. These structural conditions and specific historical contexts are often...

The relevance of the teacher to the success of any education innovation is not open to contention. Equally incontentious is the relevance of education and training to the success of the teacher in the attainment of his/her professional goals. It is against this background that this paper examines the continuing education imperatives in the present basic education crusade in Nigeria. Here continuing education is conceptualized as a process for developing teacher's skill for coping with...

This study describes counseling and support services for African American and Latino adult learners that reduce barriers to graduation. Procedures adapted traditional counseling by (a) using faculty counselors and (b) including gender‐, culture‐, and adult‐based perspectives in individual and group counseling and peer support. Support relevant to the learners' needs is effective in retaining adult learners, thereby making higher education accessible to a student body inclusive of adult learners.

Abraham Jacobi is generally recognized as the father of pediatrics in the United States. He was born in Germany and graduated from the University of Bonn in 1851 at a time of political turmoil. He was jailed for 2 years for high treason as a result of his activities as a member of a democratic revolutionary group. He was advised to leave the country to escape additional prosecution. After a brief, unsuccessful attempt to set up a practice in England, he made his way to the United States in...

Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States and a lineal descendant of an infirmary for slaves, accepted its first African-American resident, Dr. Ubert Conrad Vincent, in 1918. This occurred at a time when many medical centers were not accepting African-American residents. At the end of WWII, one-third of the accredited medical schools still barred African Americans. However, Bellevue Hospital continued to train African-American residents. Between the 1920s and 1940s...

While the achievement gap between African American students and white and Asian students is discussed widely in the media (e.g. Schemo, 2003 Schemo, D. J. 2003. Students' scores rise in math, not in reading. New York Times, A18 November 14 [Google Scholar]), the gap in discipline between African Americans and these groups has gained much less attention. Few studies have explored teacher processes that affect the over-representation of African American students in discipline referrals....

The perspectives of 84 African American students attending a predominantly White institution (PWI) were qualitatively analyzed to identify the conditions under which African American student organizations were perceived as assets and liabilities to academic success. Results indicate that involvement in African American student organizations can hinder the academic achievement of students who value hierarchical leadership styles, service toward systemic change, and leadership experiences over...

The South African public higher education system is at a point of transition as the mould of segregation is broken through a process of mergers and incorporations. This paper reports a study of governance at this transitional stage. Using case studies of 12 institutions, representative of the system as a whole, four types of governance were identified, differentiated by the representivity of those participating in decision‐making processes, organizational effectiveness and capacity for...

Examining the ‘natural’ athlete myth and utilizing the recent literature on cultural/social factors in athleticism, this study through survey research examines the myth of the ‘natural’ African American athlete. Participants consist of 301 university students from a large, traditionally White, midwest institution. The primary research question is to determine the attitudes of college students in terms of how they perceive the success of the African American athlete in certain sports. The...

Kean Gibson. The Cycle of Racial Oppression in Guyana, Maryland, University Press of America, 2003, 97 pages, ISBN 0-7618-2469-3 Kean Gibson's book The Cycle of Racial Oppression in is fairly short and so it can be read in a single afternoon. But make no mistake, the contents of the book are thought provoking to say the least. The crux of the book is that Africans in have been oppressed by East Indians particularly after 1992 under Guyana's East Indian People's Progressive Party (PPP)...

This article examines the struggles of the South African government to establish school‐wide evaluation policies within post‐apartheid institutions. It is demonstrated that even when such evaluation policies promise teacher development and whole‐school improvement, there is significant resistance to government intervention in the school environment. It is also shown that even when individual schools express a willingness to participate in such evaluation actions, they remain deeply...