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A schistosomiasis control project was undertaken from 1994 to 1998 in Guruve District, Zimbabwe, based on the active involvement of local communities in the growing and application of the molluscicidal plant Phytolacca dodecandra as a supplement to other control measures such as chemotherapy and health education. The berries of P. dodecandra are highly molluscicidal to the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis and is rapidly degradable in water. It was observed that plant care...

The year 2004 marks the 100-year anniversary of the first successful effort to develop a test of intelligence that became widely used, in part, to assess mental retardation. This article summarizes some prevailing policies and practices important to the assessment of the mental retardation in Australia, France, the United States, and Zimbabwe. International standards for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders, including mental retardation, are identified. Cross-national...

This study investigated the knowledge and awareness of STDs/AIDS among Nigerian youths not-in-school and their risk reduction behaviour. Two hundred and fifty youths operating around Mushin and Idumota areas of Lagos State were surveyed. Results indicated that majority of the youths knew that STDs and AIDS are contacted through sexual contact. However, a significant proportion still hold the views that the transmission of STDs and AIDS could be due to witches/wizard or an act of God or...

This paper examines the University of Botswana’s efforts at implementing e‐learning and transforming the University of Botswana Library (UBL) into a learning resource centre (LRC), with the assistance of the US Government’s education, democracy and development initiative (EDDI) project. The paper informs that the project is on course, with the Centre for Academic Development having run demonstrations on “smart classroom”, “WebCT”; “high impact WebCT” and redesigned a lecture room into a...

Radio tagged common carp Cyprinus carpio in a Namibian reservoir, where this species has been introduced, experienced 100% mortality or tag loss ( n = 13) with surgically implanted transmitters and 100% survival ( n = 5) with externally attached transmitters at water temperatures of 24–25° C. It seems that the negative effects of the tagging were greater for surgical implantation than for external attachment. The body shape of common carp make them well suited for external tagging, and this...

This article examines some selected medieval manuscripts of children's exercise books from the Cairo Geniza. The aims are to provide a general presentation and description of the material and textual aspects of these primers, and to use these manuscripts as a source for our knowledge of the methods employed in transmitting and acquiring basic literacy skills amongst young Jewish children in medieval Oriental communities. The results obtained are discussed in the broader context of...

Two hundred fourteen (214) married persons, 101 men and 113 women aged 20–60, with at least high school education, participated in the study which investigated the effects of gender, age, and educational attainment on assertiveness among married persons in Nigeria. The Assertive Behavior Assessment scale (ABAS; Onyeizugbo, 1998 ) was used to measure assertiveness. It was hypothesized that persons with higher educational attainment will report more assertiveness than persons with lower...

The scurvy shows an inflammatory disease and gingival bleeding. Nevertheless, in an animal model for guinea pigs, described by Den Hartog Jager in 1985, scurvy was associated with a motor neuron disease with demyelinization of the pyramidal tract, provoking neurogenic atrophy of muscles. Aiming at searching the protective role of vitamin C in nervous system, a pharmacological, morphological and behavioral study was conducted. Three experimental groups were used: A100, animals receiving 100...

Abstract Schools have become strategic settings for the work of community psychologists. In a review of 177 primary prevention programs for children and adolescents, Durlak and Wells (1997) found that 129 (72.9%) were based in schools. The literature in community psychology describes many school‐based prevention programs targeting problems such as substance abuse, school “maladjustment,” delinquency, and violence (e.g. C. A. Mason, A. M. Cauce, L. Robinson & G. W. Harper, 1999). A large...

Community participation has become increasingly formalised in international and national educational policy-making in recent years. The concept has, however, been interpreted in particular ways in the context of the post-Washington consensus, with implications for the success of its implementation. Drawing on research in Malawi, the article explores the extent to which publicly-stated policy commitments towards community participation are realised in practice. In particular, it finds that...

Education is receiving ever-increasing priority in the post-Washington consensus era, which views education as both a means to and end of development. However, justification for the attention given to education continues to be centrally focused on the notion of human capital. By consequence, marketisation and privatisation of education are becoming increasingly significant. With the World Bank and WTO joining forces to create a vision for a 'global education industry', emphasis is placed on...

The hypothesis is tested that the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) has the same construct validity in African university students as it does in non-African university students. Analyses were made of scores from 294 highly select 17–23-year-olds in the Faculties of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand (187 Africans, 40 East Indians, 67 Whites; 70 women, 224 men). Out of a total of 36 problems, the African students solved an average of 22, the...

South African Journal of EconomicsVolume 71, Issue 1 p. 163-180 BARGAINING AND HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS: THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION AND FINANCIAL CONTROL ON NUTRITION OUTCOMES IN SOUTH AFRICA John Simister, John Simister School of Management and Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.Search for more papers by this authorJenifer Piesse, Jenifer Piesse Management Centre, School of Social Science and Public Policy, King's College London, UK and University of Stellenbosch,...

To assess the oral hygiene methods being used by the children in the urban and rural areas studied, the effect on their oral hygiene and the periodontal treatment needs of urban and rural school children.An urban and a rural local government area in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria.Cross-sectional and descriptive.1829 primary school children from primary one to six were selected from thirteen fee-paying and non fee-paying schools using a multistage random sampling. One thousand, and...

Reports on a study of the impact of CD-ROM on access to health information in the Ghana Medical School Library by faculty members, students, residents or medical officers and other health personnel. In particular, it assessed the impact of CD-ROM use on faculty research output and clinical practice of doctors. The results indicate a generally low level of CD-ROM use among respondents. Only 21 percent were found to use the service. Faculty members accounted for 47 percent of CD-ROM users, and...

Abstract Since 1993 Egypt has been pursuing a policy of teacher development by sending teachers on overseas programmes. The aims are toupgrade the quality of its teachers by allowing them the opportunity to seealternative visions of the future. The origins of the policy and the attitudes of its stakeholders are looked at from three perspectives. The policy makers and senior government advisors, who are dedicated to its success and see the locus of control clearly in the hands of the...

<b>Objectives:</b> To provide data on the prevalence of cigarette use by male and female South African students of different ethnic backgrounds in grades 8–10 (ages ⩽ 11 to ⩾ 17 years), their age of initiation of cigarette use, as well as their access to cigarettes through underage sales. <b>Design:</b> A nationally representative survey was conducted using self administered questionnaires translated into seven languages. <b>Setting:</b> School based. <b>Participants:</b> Students in grades...