‘Baro Afkaaga Hooyo!’ A Case Study of Somali Literacy Teaching in Liverpool - Arthur, Jo (2003)
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4. A Luta Continua!: The Relevance of the Continua of Biliteracy to South African Multilingual Schools - Bloch, Carole; Alexander, Neville (2003)
openalex: W2800004895 mag: 2800004895
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Surgical Training in Africa - A Personal Viewpoint - Evnas, Christine M. (2003)
openalex: W2892559243 mag: 2892559243
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Clinical training of undergraduate communication pathology students in the neonatal assessment and neonate-caregiver interaction in South Africa - Kritzinger, Alta M.; Louw, Brenda (The South African journal of communication disorders. Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings, 2003)
Developing an undergraduate clinical training module in Early Communication Intervention (ECI) that provides sufficient opportunity for students' learning experiences, and that allows contextually relevant and ethically accountable services to clients, as well as the dissemination of the latest scientific findings to both students and clients, poses a significant challenge. The article describes the development of a clinical training block and the development of an appropriate instrument for the assessment of neonatal communication skills that was used in this student practical. A qualitative research approach, employing a series of formative assessments, was used to refine the instrument. The results indicated changes in the content and use of the neonatal assessment instrument regarding the approach to infant and caregiver risk assessment; caregiver beliefs about neonatal capabilities; newborn state observation; caregiver training; language, cultural and age barriers; collaboration with nurses; kangaroo mother care; involvement of caregivers during the assessment; and adolescent mothers. The results confirmed the need for the ongoing refinement of an instrument to ensure quality training of students in the difficult field of neonatal assessments and neonate-caregiver interaction. The results also highlighted to the importance of initiating ECI services before birth in communities at risk for infant neglect and abuse, and the close relationship between ECI service delivery and student training.
openalex: W2412600966 mag: 2412600966
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Portuguese-speaking Africa. European Education Thesaurus - Redined (2003)
openalex: W3209650004 mag: 3209650004
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Die Germanistikausbildung in Algerien: Voraussetzungen und Ziele/ German education in Algeria: prerequisites and goals/ - Seddiki, Aoussine (Traduction et Langues, 2003)
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Information and Communication Technology and the development of statistics teaching in Benin: Advantages and inconvenient - Accrombessy, Félicien Donat (2003)
Some changes occur in world at the aegis of the 21st century like a revolution marked by the rapid and extraordinary expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This kind of revolution, by its velocity of propagation has hugely contributed to the growth productivity. Then, internet and multimedia appear as essential tools to the socio- economic development of any modern nation. In the current context of globalisation supervised by the developed countries with United States as pioneers it is greatly important to measure ICT’s use, particularly in the education and training fields. Then, the necessity to measure the use of internet resources in the specific field of statistics teaching according to the available means and technology appears as a basic need researchers, decision makers, students, etc. After that, some propositions should be give in order to improve the current situation. First of all, it is suitable to describe briefly the Benin Republic. With a population 6.7 millions of people in 2003 according to the february General Census (4.2 millions in 1992, march General Rensus), Benin is an west Africa country with a geographic surface of 114,760 Km2. The density of the population is 58.38 people on the Km2. Benin is an agricultural developing country as agriculture represents 40% of the Gross Domestic Product and uses about 80% of the population. Even if ICT appear soon in the years 70’s, Africa got in contact with it in the 90’s particularly concerning the internet and its resources. In sub-saharan Africa, Benin was one of the first countries to hear about and to practice the World Wide Web. It was in 1995 at the occasion of the international summit of the French language speaking countries held in Cotonou in December with an internet centre inaugurated at the Benin National University, the most important university of the country: it was the SYFED center. This Center, with documentation and some five personal computers connected to the World Wide Web, was opened to students in 3rd or 4th course, to teachers and researchers. But this proportion of users is less than 2% of the students and the accessibility costs were very expensive: FCFA 1,500 each month or FF 15/month for students and FCFA 7,500 each 3 months or FF 75 each 3 months for teachers and researchers. Progressively, the national postal office has agreed some few Internet Service Providers (after the french speaking language summit in 1995). Since then, the internet environment of Benin is constituted of ISP and cyber cafés. The seconds depends on the firsts. Nowadays the great cities of the country, especially the economic capital of Cotonou are swarming cybers. The cybers are connected with the ISP (in fact, some of the ISP have their own cybers) that have direct connexion with internet. Currently the navigation costs are cheaper. Then, from FF 15 or FF 30 by hour of connexion, the mean costs are today between FF 3 to FF 5. Nowadays, internet resources are hugely taking part to any field of human life and particularly in education. In 1999, with the help of the partners in development and on the initiative High Education Ministry, a Distance learning Centre (CED) has been founded to provide training courses at a various public. This centre offers teaching by specialists all around the world in several fields from economics, technology to development subjects. But unfortunately, nothing is really done to adapt appropriate curricula related to the availability of Information and Communication Technology resources in universities and schools.
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Cognitive Correlaretes of Physics Achievement of Some Nigeria Senior Secondary Students - Achor, Emmanuel Edoja (Social Science Research Network, 2003)
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Air pollution and vegetation in Egypt: a review - Latif, Muhammad M. M. Abdel (2003)
openalex: W2528724460 mag: 2528724460
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[Victims of violence in urban secondary schools in Sousse (Tunisia)]. - Abdelaziz, Ahmed Ben; Lazreg, F.; Hafsa, S.; Gaha, Rafika; Nabli, Hajer; Messaoud, Sonia; Ghedira, A.; Ghannem, H. (PubMed, 2003)
Most often epidemiologic studies of violence during adolescence focus on aspects related to the perpetrator. The adolescent victims of violence are certainly at least as numerous, but too little is known about them. Our aim was to estimate the extent of this social phenomenon and to identify its various forms, through a descriptive, cross-sectional study of a sample of 685 teenagers (409 girls and 276 boys) from six public high schools in Sousse in 1999. A school physician conducted structured interviews to collect the data, recorded in compliance with the ethical rules of confidentiality and anonymity. The results indicate that 36.9% of the adolescents (54% of the boys and 24% of the girls) reported experiencing violence. Within the group of victims, physical violence was reported by 78% of the boys and 63% of the girls, verbal violence by 51% and 63%, respectively. We conclude that experiencing violence is far from uncommon and that it causes acute suffering for youngsters during an important phase of their emotional development and exposes them to the risk of becoming violent as adults. School medical staff can play a crucial role in the prevention and the management of this mistreatment.
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Cardinal Shifts in School Management in South Africa - Steyn, G.M. (Education 3-13, 2003)
Introduction Reform initiatives in education in South Africa follow similar trends to the rest of the world. These reform initiatives rest on the assumption that participation of educators, learners and parents can enhance the achievement of the desired transformation in education (Mosoge & Van der Westhuizen, 1998). They include the devolution of authority and responsibility from the central office to the school, the so-called school-based management of schools (Department of Education, 1996; Mosoge & Van der Westhuizen, 1998). Although the vision for a transformed education system in South Africa has been set out in policy frameworks and new legislation, the system is still influenced by the ethos, systems and procedures inherited from the apartheid past. The Report of the National Task Team on Education Management Development in South Africa identifies the following four apartheid legacies in education (Department of Education, 1996): * The education legacy: The complete fragmentation of the education system created by the apartheid era is one of the most visible legacies. During apartheid 19 education departments catered for the different ethnic and racial groups (Harber, 2000). Schools were thus structured in a racial hierarchy. White schools were the key beneficiaries and black schools, the most disadvantaged. * The education management legacy: The lack of legitimacy of the education system led to a crisis in schools. In the majority of schools this was accompanied by poor management and a collapse of and learning. * The public administration legacy: Public administration was characterised by a hierarchical structure infused with authoritarian management styles. The new departments of educations inherited these structures and management styles. * The gender legacy: The broader discriminatory tendencies in society as a whole influenced past practices. Women in general were under represented in senior management positions due to the perception that women were not fit to hold top positions. The restoration of the of and learning after the breakdown during the apartheid era, is currently one of the most important endeavours aimed at improving the quality of education in South African schools (Garson, 2000). This article focusses on certain leadership and management initiatives to address the poor quality of education in the majority of South African schools. Restoring a of and learning The concept culture of learning and teaching is widely used in the education context of South Africa. It refers to the attitude of educators and learners towards learning and as well as their spirit of dedication and commitment to the schools (Lethoko, 1999) Certain factors have contributed to the lack of a of learning and in schools. The most important factors and the strategies for interventions are the following: * Poor physical conditions and large shortcomings in the provision of resources, facilities and equipment in schools. Enormous disparities existed during apartheid and still exist among schools in terms of school buildings and resource provision. These include electricity, water, decent ablution blocks, telephones, security fences, photocopiers, text books, well-stocked libraries, furniture and classroom space (Harber, 2000; Chisholm & Vally, 1996). According to Chisholm and Vally (1996) the Department of Education has the obligation to provide the necessary infrastructure and resources required in schools. Initiatives such as Tirisano have been implemented to provide resources and facilities. In addition, the funding model contained the South African Schools Act requires school communities to contribute to school resources. * Poor management and administration skills. The breakdown of management and leadership within schools is an important part of their dysfunction (Christie, 1998). …
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Written communication in english study of learner strategies of yemeni college students - Abbas, Al Harazy (2003)
openalex: W2488731299 mag: 2488731299
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African Philosophy of Education (2003)
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Strong Algerian earthquake strikes near capital city - Jacobs, Judy (Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2003)
On 21 May 2003, a damaging earthquake of Mw 6.8 struck the region of Boumerdes 40 km east of Algiers in northern Algeria (Figure 1). The main shock, which lasted ∼36–40 s, had devastating effects and claimed about 2300 victims, caused more than 11,450 injuries, and left about 200,000 people homeless. It destroyed and seriously damaged around 180,000 housing units and 6000 public buildings with losses estimated at $5 billion. The main shock was widely felt within a radius of ∼400 km in Algeria. To the north, the earthquake was felt in southeastern Spain, including the Balearic Islands, and also in Sardinia and in southern France.
openalex: W2062008004 mag: 2062008004
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Information and communication technologies in library and information science education in Kenya - Minishi-Majanja, Mabel K.; Ocholla, Dennis N. (Education for Information, 2003)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become central to education and training in Library and Information Science/Service (LIS) because of the great influence of these technologies on the professional world. This study on Kenya is part of a larger doctoral research project that aims to map and audit the types, nature and diffusion of ICTs in LIS education and training programmes in Africa. The findings indicate that all LIS schools in Kenya have embraced the use of ICTs, but there are major variations in terms of application. All but one LIS School offers a wide range of relevant ICT courses, many of them as core modules. However, not all of them offer, or are able to offer, practical hands-on experience for their students. In teaching and learning, only a few LIS schools use ICTs to deliver lectures, the majority still favouring age-old methods of face-to-face classroom teaching. In research, the lack of ICT facilities has resulted in partial and minimal use of ICTs, especially since academic staff have to pay (individually, from private funds) to access the Internet. For the same reasons electronic publishing of research results on the Internet is low. In terms of academic administration, most LIS schools have computerised but most activities still are conducted offline due to networking inadequacies. The study recommends that Kenyan LIS schools should increase the use of ICTs in teaching and learning to foster greater effectiveness. Kenyan LIS schools should strive to provide online and distance education in order to open more learning opportunities for the nation.
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[Numbers of doctors and medical training:the situation in a medical school in Algeria]. - Bouziani, Merahi Encadreur:; Mf, Mesli (PubMed, 2003)
In 1962, at the Independence, there were in Algeria about 500 medical doctors to take care of a population of 10 million. The situation has slowly improved later on. Nowadays, there are 45,000 medical doctors in the country (26,700 in the public sector and 18,300 in the private sector) i.e. more than 1 medical doctor per 1,000 population. However, the improvement has been more apparent than effective. The geographic distribution of physicians evidences a profound shortage in the rural areas and small cities. An opinion survey conducted on the medical students at the medical school of Oran shows a deep gap between the contents of their training and the real needs of the population.
openalex: W2411869720 mag: 2411869720
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Gay and Lesbian Youth Experiences of Homophobia in South African Secondary Education - Butler, Allister; Alpaslan, Assim; Strümpher, J.; Astbury, G. (Journal of gay & lesbian issues in education, 2003)
Abstract In post-apartheid South Africa, the tenets of inclusivity, nondiscrimination, and tolerance are actively encouraged and legislated across all sectors of society, including education. However, in examining the coming out experiences of 18 South African gay and lesbian youth (1997-2000), it became apparent that they had all experienced discrimination, isolation, and nontolerance within their high school contexts. Due to the marginalized nature of the participants, a variety of nonpurposive sampling techniques were utilized. This article provides insights into the homophobic incidents and experiences as articulated by these sexual minority youths, namely, peer harassment, harassment inflicted by teachers and school administrators, ineffective school counsellors, avoidance, rejection and isolation, and a lack of information and curriculum in high schools for gay and lesbian youth. Implications for practice are considered in the context of South Africa's new constitution and the implementation of Curriculum 2005.
openalex: W2011379918 mag: 2011379918
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CULTUTAL ORIENTATIONS AND SCIENCE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS IN JAPANESE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL : FROM AN AFRICAN SCIENCE EDUCATOR'S VIEWPOINT - Omoifo, C. N.; Ogawa, Masakata (Journal of Science Education in Japan, 2003)
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Labor augmentation in an Egyptian teaching hospital - Khalil, Karima; Cherine, M.; Elnoury, Amr; Sholkamy, Hania; Breebaart, Miral; Hassanein, Nevine (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2003)
Abstract Objectives : The study documented facility‐based obstetric practices for normal labor in Egypt for the first time, to determine their relationship to evidence‐based medicine. This paper describes the labor augmentation pattern observed. Methods : 176 cases of normal labor were observed by medically‐trained observers using a checklist. Ward activities were also documented. Observed women were interviewed postpartum and all findings were shared with the providers for their feedback. Results : Labor was augmented in 91% (165) of the labors observed; this was inappropriate for 93% or 154 women. Reasons for inappropriateness were: oxytocin ordered at the first vaginal exam (41%); in spite of intact membranes (36%), at the time of membrane rupture (42%), in spite of good progress (24%), or a combination of these. The monitoring of oxytocin‐receiving women and their babies was inadequate. Conclusions : Labor augmentation and monitoring deviated from evidence‐based guidelines. Obstacles to implementing protocols need to be explored.
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Entertainment-Education in the Middle East: Lessons From the Egyptian Oral Rehydration Therapy Campaign (2003)
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Addressing the Literacy Needs of African-American Students and Their Teachers - Perkins, Students and Their Teachers J. Helen (2003)
Our schools can do a better job of educating all of their students, especially students of poverty and minority students. The ability and will of our country’s African-American students to read has long been a concern of parents and educators. It seems that, although our knowledge has improved concerning the best methods to enhance literacy, we have most often failed especially those in the urban areas (Doughtery, 1997). Whether they lack the interest, opportunity, parental support, materials, or appropriate instruction, many of these students have failed to master the skills needed for success in literacy. At this point, the Matthew effect is established (Stanovich, 1986), and the students who can read, read more, build fluency, improve their ability to comprehend, and, consequently, learn more; those students who lack the needed literacy skills, read less, learn less, and may even lose the ability to perform any of the skills they had previously acquired.
openalex: W3197130229 mag: 3197130229
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Organizing a Comprehensive National Plan for Entertainment-Education in Ethiopia - Ryerson, William N.; Teffera, Negussie (2003)
William Ryerson has a 32-year history of work in reproductive health, including 17 years of experience adapting the Sabido methodology for entertainment-education communication to various cultural settings. Previously, as Executive Vice President of Population Communications International, Ryerson designed and implemented projects in a number of countries, including Tanzania, China, Brazil, and India. Here, with his colleague, Dr. Negussie Teffera, he discusses the organization of an Ethiopian E-E campaign.
openalex: W3200131186 mag: 3200131186
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Prevalence and Severity of Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Atopic Eczema in 6- to 7-Year-Old Nigerian Primary School Children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood - Falade, A G; Olawuyi, J. F.; Osinusi, K; Onadeko, B.O. (Medical Principles and Practice, 2003)
Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in Nigerian children aged 6–7 years. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of selected children in primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted using phase I of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) format. Standardized questionnaires were distributed to parents and guardians of 2,325 children aged 6–7 years in 31 primary schools randomly selected among 272 in Ibadan. Results: Data was collected from 1,704 children (797 boys and 907 girls; M:F ratio 1:1.14), giving a participation rate of 73.3%. Both recent rhinoconjunctivitis and wheeze were reported by 5.1%, and itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months was reported by 8.5%. The cumulative prevalences of reported symptoms of wheezing, rhinitis and eczema were 7.2, 11.3 and 10.1%, respectively. These symptoms were basically the same among the boys and girls (rhinitis 11.4 vs. 11.2%; eczema 10.7 vs. 9.5%), except for wheezing, which was higher in boys (9.0%) than girls (5.6%), p = 0.015. Current symptoms of rhinitis and atopic eczema were associated with current wheeze and severe wheezing, whereas current symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were only associated with severe wheezing attacks. One or more current symptoms occurred in 13.2% of the children, and all three symptoms were reported by 0.5%. Conclusion: The study demonstrates a high prevalence of atopic conditions among children 6–7 years old in Ibadan, Nigeria, with more than three fifths of the children who had current wheezing also showing symptoms of other atopic diseases. Children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were more likely to have severe wheezing attacks if they had developed atopic eczema before 2 years of age.
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The Contribution of Co-Operative Education in the growing of talent in South Africa: A Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration - Groenewald, Thomas; Schurink, Willem (SA journal of human resource management, 2003)
Organisational talent is internationally regarded a key success factor in a competitive world and is continuously challenged. In South Africa, the Apartheid heritage further presents major challenges regarding developmental opportunities of talented people. Co-operative education presents, as structured educational strategy that progressively integrates academic study with learning through productive work experiences, itself as a means to grow the talent of the South African people. As result of the inadequate practice of co-operative education and a fair amount of associated resistance, ‘classical’ literature is reviewed. The literature review further identifies the core properties of co-operative education and the study has attempted to distil the core principles of a phenomenological research design. The specific ‘phenomena’ which the research focused on are existing joint ventures between Higher Education institutions and business enterprises aimed at educating people and growing talent. Selections of the voices of the research participants are presented in this article. Although the present study identifies several shortcomings regarding the practice of co-operative education, it pioneers the notion that the growing of talent can be enhanced through a co-operative education strategy.
openalex: W4256299506
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The Importance of Teaching Civic Education According to the Opinion of Teachers’ Field Study in East of Algeria - Zine-eddine, Masmoudi (Maǧallaẗ al-’ulūm al-tarbawiyyaẗ wa-al-nafsiyyaẗ (Print), 2003)
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METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING AN AIR POLLUTION INDEX (API) FOR SOUTH AFRICA - Cairncross, Eugene; John, Juanette; Zunckel, Mark (Clean air journal, 2003)
The Dynamic Air Pollution Prediction System (DAPPS) involves the development and integration of the following elements: Downscaling the current numerical urban-scale weather prediction to a finer spatial and temporal resolution, and establishing a comprehensive air pollutant emission inventory that will include industrial, motor vehicle and domestic emissions, and temporal variations in these emissions. The enhanced meteorological data and the emission inventory data will be used as inputs into a photochemical dispersion model, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx), to produce air pollution fields for the forecast meteorology. Local air quality affects how we live and what we breathe. Like the weather, it can change from day to day - sometimes from hour to hour. The known and recognized health effects of air pollution include the increased risk of the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms such as increased asthma attacks and reduced lung function, increased hospital admissions for respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases, and increased mortality. An Air Quality or Air Pollution Index (API) is a quantitative tool through which air pollution data can be reported, providing information on how clean or polluted the air is, and the associated health concerns the public should be aware of. These indices usually focus on short-term health effects - those that can happen within a few hours or days of exposure to polluted air. A key feature of the DAPPS is that the final model output is a set of Air Pollution Indices. Several countries employ some type of air pollution index to communicate the quality of their air. Some of these systems rely on relating measured (monitored) or predicted concentrations of air pollutants to a numerical scale, for example ranging from 0 and 100. This scale may be enhanced by verbal descriptors such as high or moderate. The advantage of such a system is that the public does not have to interpret a number of different concentrations - one for each pollutant. They also do not need to recall that, the health effects of, for example 1 ppm of ozone is very different from those of 1 ppm of carbon monoxide. The simplistic use of a single index to reflect air pollution levels creates several difficulties. Different pollutants may have different health endpoints, information that may be lost through the use of a single index. Members of the public may also find it difficult to obtain details of how to translate a unified pollution index back into the disaggregated 'real' pollutant levels. In addition, it can be difficult to use an index to compare pollutant levels with national or international standards or guidelines, or with indices used in other countries. The use of a single standardized or unified scale doesn't solve the problems of how to report raised concentrations of a number of pollutants. The DAPPS proposes the development of a health-based Air Pollution Index as opposed to an Air Quality Index. The basic concept of this index is that of using a combination of modelled pollutant concentrations and exposure-response functions. The initial modelling output would be pollutant-specific numerical values indicating the degree of pollution in an area of the modelled domain. Normalising these values with exposure-response functions will result in normalised bands corresponding to a scale (for example, a scale of 1 to 10) and colour coding system that reflects the possible health impacts. Advice and information on possible health effects associated with each value on the scale would reflect information applicable to both the 'normal healthy' population and 'sensitive' groups within the exposed population (such as asthmatics, the aged or the very young). The index will be modified where possible to account for known additive and/or synergistic effects.
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AIR POLLUTION AND VEGETATION IN EGYPT: A REVIEW - Abdel‐Latif, Nasser M.; Emberson, Lisa; Ashmore, Mike; Murray, Frank E. (2003)
openalex: W1630935037 mag: 1630935037
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Consequences of Pollution and Degradation of Nigerian Aquatic Environment on Fisheries Resources - Adeyemo, Olanike K. (The Environmentalist, 2003)
openalex: W2081472706 mag: 2081472706
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Prospects for continuing professional education for library and information science professionals in Nigeria: the case of Delta State - Adomi, Esharenana E.; Nwalo, Kenneth Ivo Ngosi (New Library World, 2003)
This paper surveys the prospects for continuing professional education (CPE) of library and information science (LIS) professionals in Nigeria using Delta State as a case study. Questionnaire and interview techniques were used to gather data. A total of 51 practitioners made up of professionals and paraprofessionals from academic, public, special libraries and information centres were used in the study. Conclusions based on findings recommend that LIS organisations should be more committed to the CPE of their staff; that practitioners should commit their personal funds to their CPE if their organisations fail to support them and that the professional association (Nigerian Library Association) should develop clear cut programmes for the development of practitioners.
openalex: W2082122333 mag: 2082122333
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Medical education in Nigeria: are we ready for the paradigm shift? - Akhigbe, KO; Akhigbe, AO (2003)
The information revolution is changing the way medicine is practised globally. Patients can now access the storehouses of knowledge, which hitherto were out of bounds, to acquire, process and use the medical evidence from a variety of sources such as the World Wide Web. The way medicine is being taught is changing. Many medical and dental schools have revised, or are in the process of revising their curricula. The ability to access information resources and apply up to date information, diagnosis and therapeutic protocols to their practice calls for a paradigm shift. Cybermedicine is fast becoming the twenty-first century practice. The challenge is real. If emphasis is being placed on fluency with information technology in the developed countries, learning to use the computer remains, in our opinion, the place to start from in the developing countries.
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Hearing loss among School Children in Ghana - Amedofu, Geoffrey K.; Opoku-Buabeng, J; Ose-Bagyina, A.; Antwi, Babara (2003)
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REDUCING POSTHARVEST LOSSES: A TRAINING MODULE DEVELOPMENT FOR WEST AFRICA - Asiedu, Samuel K. (Acta horticulturae, 2003)
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Women's Access to Higher Education in Africa: Uganda's Experience - Aspaas, Helen Ruth; Kwesiga, Joy (African Studies Review, 2003)
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The effects of maternal education versus cognitive test scores on child nutrition in Kenya - Bhargava, Alok; Fox-Kean, Melanie (Economics and Human Biology, 2003)
This paper estimates dynamic random effects models for intakes by dietary energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamins A, C, D, and E 100 of Kenyan school children (6-9 years) within a multivariate longitudinal framework. The explanatory variables were socioeconomic and background variables, children's body mass index, and maternal education, cognitive test scores and morbidity spells. The model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method controlling for unobserved between-children differences. The main finding is that while maternal education was usually not a significant predictor of dietary intakes, maternal scores on cognitive tests did strongly predict them. Moreover, the paternal cognitive scores and maternal morbidity levels were not significantly associated with the intakes, but an index of socioeconomic status and cash income was a significant predictor. The results indicate the need to consider broader measures of human development and of devising suitable educational programs for women without formal education.
openalex: W2094324367 mag: 2094324367
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Regional Moment Tensor Inversion With Application to the 2003 Algeria Earthquake - Braunmiller, Jochen; Bernardi, Fabrizio; Kradolfer, Urs; Giardini, Domenico (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W2996045388 mag: 2996045388
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Education and equity : the impact of state policies on South African education, Enver Motala and John Pampallis (eds) : book review - Bray, Elmene (Perspectives in Education, 2003)
Extracted from text ... Perspectives in Education, Volume 21(4), December 2003 101 Education and equity: The impact of state policies on South African education Enver Motala and John Pampallis (eds), 2001 Heinemann Publishers (Pty) Ltd ISBN 0 79620 180 3 REVIEWED BY ELMENE BRAY This publication reflects research initiated by the Centre for Science Development (CDS) - now National Research Foundation (NRF) - of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) of South Africa. The CSD commissioned the Centre for Education Policy Development, Evaluation and Management (CEPD) to assemble a team of researchers to investigate the impact of macroeconomic and macropolitical policy on school policy. The brief was to examine this in relation to the achievement of ..
openalex: W2994098992 mag: 2994098992
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Prodigious sulfur dioxide emissions from Nyamuragira volcano, D.R. Congo - Carn, S. A.; Bluth, G. J. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2003)
Nyamuragira (Virunga chain, D.R. Congo) is among Africa's most active volcanoes, but direct observations of its eruptions are rare. From 1978–2002 the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments measured SO 2 emissions during each of Nyamuragira's 13 most recent eruptions. Due to continuous co‐eruptive SO 2 degassing, estimating the total atmospheric SO 2 loading resulting from eruptions of Nyamuragira is not straightforward. Using TOMS SO 2 plume cross‐sections and model wind profiles we derive eruptive SO 2 fluxes and SO 2 loss rates for emissions on 19 October 1998 and 6 February 2001, giving peak SO 2 fluxes of 0.21 and 0.74 Tg day −1 respectively and loss rates of ∼10 −6 –10 −5 s −1 . Based on current data, time‐averaged SO 2 emission rates at Nyamuragira are comparable to persistent emitters (Etna, Kilauea), but eruptive fluxes at Nyamuragira are much higher. Considering the alkaline composition of Virunga lavas, eruptive CO 2 fluxes could be seven times the SO 2 flux.
openalex: W1992287932 mag: 1992287932
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Vulnerability Assessment of the Maize and Sorghum Crops to Climate Change in Botswana - Chipanshi, Aston; Chanda, Raban; Totolo, Otlogetswe (Climatic Change, 2003)
openalex: W2000563225 mag: 2000563225
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Vulnerability Assessment of the Maize and Sorghum Crops to Climate Change in Botswana - Chipanshi, Aston; Chanda, Raban; Totolo, Otlogetswe (Climatic Change, 2003)
openalex: W2000563225 mag: 2000563225
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Vulnerability Assessment of the Maize and Sorghum Crops to Climate Change in Botswana - Chipanshi, Aston; Chanda, Raban; Totolo, Otlogetswe (Climatic Change, 2003)
openalex: W2000563225 mag: 2000563225
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Vulnerability Assessment of the Maize and Sorghum Crops to Climate Change in Botswana - Chipanshi, Aston; Chanda, Raban; Totolo, Otlogetswe (Climatic Change, 2003)
openalex: W2000563225 mag: 2000563225
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What Do We Know about the Motivation of African American Students? Challenging the "Anti-Intellectual" Myth - Cokley, Kevin (Harvard Educational Review, 2003)
In this article, Kevin Cokley challenges conventional wisdom about African American college students and the factors underlying their academic underachievement. In this quantitative study of students attending three historically Black colleges and universities and one predominantly White university, Cokley reviews and integrates existing research on the academic motivation and academic self-concept of African American students. He then introduces self-determination theory as an additional motivational framework to understand African American students' motivation. While Cokley finds that African American students are intrinsically highly motivated, this motivation is not related to how they perform academically or to their academic self-concept.
openalex: W2196867805 mag: 2196867805
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Along-Axis Segmentation of the Main Ethiopian rift from Tomographic Inversion of Local Earthquakes and Controlled Sources: EAGLEII - Daly, Eve; Stuart, G. W.; Ebinger, C. J.; Keir, Derek; Ayele, Atalay; Waltham, David (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W2991616833 mag: 2991616833
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Characteristics and concerns of recruits into primary teacher education program in Nigeria - Ejieh, Michael U. C. (Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 2003)
Cet article presente les caracteriques de la population des enseignants du cycle primaire au Nigeria. Parmi les elements majeurs qui en ressortent, nous notons qu'il s'agit majoritairement d'une population feminine, jeune et n'ayant pu acceder a un recrutement dans l'institution universitaire.
openalex: W2460956980 mag: 2460956980
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DYSMENORRHEA AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN MANSOURA, EGYPT - El‐Gilany, Abdel‐Hady; Badawi, Karima; El-Fedawy, Sanaa (Mansoura Medical Journal, 2003)
openalex: W3112263512 mag: 3112263512
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Education and cconomic growth in Namibia - Erwin, Naimhwaka (2003)
openalex: W2584594619 mag: 2584594619
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Internet-based teacher development in the context of curricular change : a South African case study - Foulds, Stuart (Education As Change, 2003)
This paper explores the potential of Internet-based teacher development for improving the training outcomes associated with the implementation of Curriculum 2005, and thus for facilitating curricular reform in South African schools. It employs the concept of of practice (Wenger, 1998) as its conceptual framework. A case study was conducted of the Educators' Development Network - a South African open learning project that aims to create learning communities of teachers online. Data was collected through a thematic analysis of course evaluations submitted by participating teachers and their project mentors. Statistical relationships were computed in order to ascertain relationships between successful group learning and other factors reported by participants and mentors. The findings of the study are that the full emergence of virtual learning communities as intended by the project developers has not occurred, principally because levels of participation by teachers in their communities have not been as high as the developers had anticipated. Evidence has however been found of a relationship between successful teacher learning and effective mentoring practices, as well as communal learning support from peer participants. The study concludes that the Educators' Development Network can be regarded, even though somewhat tentatively, as a suggestive model for how Internet-based teacher development can be provided on a wider scale in South Africa.
openalex: W2549170375 mag: 2549170375
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STI case management at a South African teaching hospital - Harries, Clare; Botha, Julia; McFadyen, M L; Harrison, Abigail (Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2003)
In South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is at the centre of the HIV epidemic and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are endemic in this province.1 Improving the quality of STI health care causes a cost effective reduction in HIV prevalence and STI incidence.2 Despite the introduction of national standard treatment guidelines (STGs), based on the syndromic management approach (where antibiotics are prescribed according to algorithms and non-medicinal aspects of care are emphasised), poor case management has been found in rural KZN clinics.3 This study determined the quality of care received by STI patients at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), …
openalex: W2036678643 mag: 2036678643
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African American Student Athletes' Perceptions of Career Transition in Sport: a qualitative and visual elicitation - Harrison, C. Keith; Lawrence, Suzanne Malia (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2003)
This study focuses on 26 African American athletes and explores their perceptions of athletic career transition. Participants consisted of student athletes from a United States National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division IIA institution in the Southeastern region. Participants completed the Life After Sports Scale (LASS), a 58-item inventory utilized to qualitatively and quantitatively examine seven different domains which influence perceptions of the career transition process. The scope of this inquiry examines the qualitative domain of the LASS in which participants were visually primed with a narrative description of a student athlete that has made transition out of sport successfully. Five major themes emerged from the African American student athletes' perceptions of the career transition process: Inspirational Imagery Validation, Academic and Athletic Success, Classroom Accomplishments, Family Devotion, and Life After Sports. These themes are discussed in relation to relevant career development theories, athletic identity theory from the sport psychology literature, and applicable race and racial theories to sport in higher education. Future research directions and limitations are articulated.
openalex: W3121678830 mag: 3121678830
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Low-income African American Women's Cultural Models of Work: implications for education-for-work policies and practice - Hayes, Elisabeth; Way, Wendy L. (Journal of Education and Work, 2003)
This study investigated how African American women from low-income, single-parent female-headed households conceptualize work and transitions to work, and how these conceptualizations relate to the dominant discourse of work underlying policies and practices in education-for-work. The study used the construct of cultural models as a conceptual framework that takes into account structural influences while at the same time accommodating individual choice, conflict among beliefs, and contradictions between beliefs and actions. Two generations of African American women who had received public assistance were interviewed about their beliefs and experiences with work, as well as what they learned about work in the context of their families. The cultural models identified through the interviews were grouped into two broad areas concerned with finding work and success on the job. The findings challenge some prevalent assumptions and approaches in work-related education for low-income women.
openalex: W1991229049 mag: 1991229049
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Changing patterns of teacher education in South Africa : policy, practice, prospects, K. Lewin, M. Samuel and Y. Sayed (eds) : book review - Henning, Elizabeth (Education As Change, 2003)
This book moves in its three sections from discussions and expositions and some critique of policy, to examples of some practices, then to teachers and their experiences, and lastly to prospects of policy.
openalex: W2527654708 mag: 2527654708
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Getting schools working : research and systemic school reform in South Africa, Nick Taylor, Johan Muller and Penny Vinjevold : book review - Higgs, Marion (Education As Change, 2003)
The book aims to participate in building a substantial knowledge base of research which will lead towards a more effective school system.
openalex: W2417572004 mag: 2417572004
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Schooled literacies? The use of vernacular literacy practices in Papua New Guinean communities - Honan, Eileen (Prospects, 2003)
This paper describes an epistemological journey that explores taken-for-granted assumptions about literacy, empowerment, and the literate/illiterate dichotomy. I draw on Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987) descriptions of knowledge systems as rhizomatic to explore the connections between these assumptions and the implementation of vernacular education in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Specifically, the paper deals with the relationship between literacy and empowerment, the symbiotic attachments of L1 and L2 literacy learning, and the Vgotskyian connections between literacy and sociocultural practices. I draw on my work with primary school teachers in PNG to provide illustrations and examples of the practical implications of the unquestioned acceptance of these assumptions by educational policy makers, academics and literacy researchers.
openalex: W207856144 mag: 207856144
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Rates of Return to Education in South Africa, 1960-1996 - Hosking, Stephen (Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 2003)
In the face of the budget constraint it is imperative that investment in education of workers be as efficient as possible. This paper explores the scope for fine-tuning this investment by reference to rates of return by level. Evidence is surveyed on calculations of rates of return to investment in education in South Africa based on 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1996 census data, inter alia. Severely complicating factors are found to be differences in methods of calculation and failure to account satisfactorily for omitted non-education influences on earnings. It is concluded that domestic evidence suggests rates of return to investment in education may increase by level of education, rather than follow the international averages of decreasing.
openalex: W2279444167 mag: 2279444167
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South African education policy review, 1993-2000, edited by Linda Chisholm, Shireen Motala and Salim Vally : book review - Jansen, Jonathan D. (Education As Change, 2003)
One of the dilemmas faced by critical scholars since the unbanning of the African National Congress, was what kind of posture to assume in relation to the first democratic government installed in 1994.
openalex: W58720687 mag: 58720687
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Electronic Training at the Corporate Level in Egypt - Kamel, Sherif; Ibrahim, Mohamed (Industry & higher education, 2003)
Declining revenue, staff downsizing and limited resources in corporations create serious organizational challenges. Training and human resources departments are often among the most adversely affected. Training managers are left with fewer resources with which to fulfil corporate training needs. Continuously having to justify costs and investments in training, they are often asked about the applicability and effectiveness of a particular project. Electronic training, a strategic human resource investment vehicle, is increasingly called into question in this context. But electronic training is expected to become a crucial factor in meeting the challenges of the rapidly changing world economy and enabling organizations to adapt to continuous change. While electronic training poses considerable challenges for organizations, especially in developing countries, it may also represent a unique opportunity to close the digital divide between developed and developing nations and to advance economic development. This paper is based on research conducted in Egypt to investigate the effectiveness and applicability of electronic training in Egyptian organizations and to identify how those organizations assess the role and implementation of electronic training. The researchers solicited views from training and human resources managers, instructors and trainees themselves.
openalex: W1973846233 mag: 1973846233
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Ratings of Contracting Infectious Diseases and of the Risk of Sexual Hiv Transmission by Health Care Students from Germany, Lithuania, and Namibia - Klewer, Jörg; Kügler, Joachim; Sasnauskaitė, Laura; Pavilonis, Alvydas; Lauschke, Helmut (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2003)
In Germany, Lithuania, and Namibia different types of the HIV epidemic are present. HIV testing of health care students and their ratings of the risk of sexually acquired HIV infections and factors influencing the risk of contracting infectious diseases were analyzed. 182 German medical and dental students, 176 Lithuanian medical students, and 135 Namibian student nurses participated by completing anonymous questionnaires. The Namibian student nurses rated sexual HIV transmission risks higher than the Lithuanian and German medical students did. In general, the Lithuanian medical students rated risks of HIV transmission lowest, compared to the students in the other two samples. Risk behavior and environmental factors were most emphasized by the three student samples as having an influence on the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Thus, national prevalence of HIV influences ratings of sexual HIV transmission risks, while rating of factors influencing the risk of contracting infectious diseases are similar.
openalex: W2076290412 mag: 2076290412
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Magnetostratigraphy of Cape Verde Islands Volcanics - Knudsen, Mads Faurschou; Abrahamsen, Niels (AGUFM, 2003)
openalex: W3043219962 mag: 3043219962
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The inclusion of learners with barriers to learning and development into ordinary school settings: a challenge for Uganda - Kristensen, Kirsten; Omagor-Loican, Martin; Onen, Negris (British Journal of Special Education, 2003)
Colleagues in developing countries are required to meet a range of challenges when implementing educationally inclusive policies and practices. In this article, Kirsten Kristensen, clinical phychologist and senior consultant in special needs education and development; Martin Omagor‐Loican, commissioner for special needs education, careers guidance and counselling; and Negris Onen, principal education officer in the Ministry of Education and Sports in Uganda, describe work focused on addressing the needs of all learners, including those who experience barriers to learning and development, in ordinary, mainstream school settings. The authors draw upon a study of current attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about trends towards inclusion in Uganda. The findings indicate progress in the introduction and implementation of inclusive policies; improved professional development opportunities for staff concerned with special education at all levels; and relatively positive attitudes towards inclusion. The study also raises concerns, however, about the ways in which the education system is structured and managed in a country where class sizes are enormous and resources are few. The authors make a number of key recommendations for developing mechanisms, structures and capacity in support of inclusion at all levels and report positive and encouraging recent developments.
openalex: W2059218092 mag: 2059218092
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Peer Mentoring by resource teachers in Zimbabwean schools - Kufakwami, David; Mtetwa, Jani; Kwari, Rudo (Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 2003)
Mentoring is a learning and instructional strategy that could be used effectively, especially in the area of continuing professional development. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and the capacity of teachers who function as resource teachers within the Zimbabwean secondary school system to mentor their peers. Nine case studies of active resource teachers were examined through in-depth interviews. It was found that the resource teachers were doing minimal mentoring activity in their everyday work as resource teachers. The activity is mostly in the form of dispensing information and organising workshops and demonstrating instructional strategies. Their potential as mentors could be enhanced by simply improving their work environment, developing critical personality traits that embody humility and ‘a culture to serve others’, and raising the level of professionalism among themselves, their peers, and their school managers through education.
openalex: W2063668701 mag: 2063668701
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A critical perspective on the role of outcomes based education in the democratic transformation of education in South Africa - Linderts, Theodore Ian (2003)
openalex: W47820797 mag: 47820797
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Environmental Education Curriculum Policy in Tanzanian Schools - Makundi, Emmanuel A. (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2003)
This viewpoint paper examines environmental education policy in practice in Tanzania in the context of the primary school curriculum. This policy review stretches back to the mid-1960s, when major curricula changes were effected, to the present. The paper highlights efforts during this period to provide relevant education and enhance development of environmental education skills as well as life skills for school candidates and community members. This paper provides background information and highlights several issues associated with current policies in operation, including interpretations of policy and implementation. It identifies some of the key achievements and makes recommendations for strengthening the implementation of policy in practice. A number of relevant documents were drawn on in this study, augmented by field observations. The study found that the school curriculum, which is the vehicle for translating policy into actions is not adequately implemented due to poor defining of environmental education in early policy documents.
openalex: W1783195547 mag: 1783195547
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Health Risk Assessment for Sulfur Dioxide Pollution in South Durban, South Africa - Matooane, Mamopeli; Diab, R. D. (Archives of environmental health, 2003)
Concern about health risks from sulfur dioxide (SO2) pollution prompted a health risk assessment for residents of the heavily polluted industrial region of South Durban, South Africa. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment model was used to evaluate health effects for individuals in 4 age groups on the basis of data for a 3-yr period, from 1997-1999. Under normal exposure conditions, the level of risk was low (Hazard Quotient < 1); only under the worst-case scenario (exposure 24 hr/day) was there a significant risk of developing health effects. Inasmuch as these results are contrary to the popularly held belief that residents have a high risk of developing SO2-related respiratory diseases under normal exposure conditions, future studies should more thoroughly investigate exposure patterns and verify the authors' assumption that indoor SO2 levels are zero.
openalex: W1971655452 mag: 1971655452
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The role of school governing bodies in transforming education in South Africa : a study of selected secondary schools in the Tsomo district of Eastern Cape Province - Mkentane, Mziwamadoda Anderson (2003)
openalex: W60290127 mag: 60290127
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Education for all in the North and the South: Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education in Finland and Zambia - Moberg, Sakari (Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 2003)
A survey assessed attitudes of 1636 Zambian and Finnish teachers towards inclusive education and consequently the perceptions of appropriate educational environment for children with different disabilities. On the whole, attitudes varied but were quite critical. Structure of the attitudes was similar in both countries; factor analyses extracted four attitude dimensions: 1) social justice, 2) meeting special needs of students with severe disabilities, 3) teachers' competence, and 4) quality of education for non-disabled students. On inclusion in general, the Finnish ordinary teachers were the most critical group and the Finnish special education teachers the most optimistic. Most respondents felt that inclusive education enhances social justice. However, pursuit of inclusion in practice, especially the guarantee of good and effective education for all, was seen as problematic. Compared to Finnish respondents, the Zambian respondents preferred a more segregated educational environ- ment for children with different disabilities. Type and severity of disability affected the preferred educational setting and there were clear differences in this regard between respondents from the two countries. Findings support the idea that teachers' attitudes towards inclusion are important in developing inclusive school systems and that inclusive education is best understood as a multi-dimensional concept, which, at the practical level, is highly context-dependent.
openalex: W25855107 mag: 25855107
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An epidemiological study of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis among pupils in the peri-urban zone of Kumba town, Meme Division, Cameroon - Moyou-Somo, Roger; Kefie-Arrey, Charles; Dreyfuss, Georges; Dumas, Michel (BMC public health (Online), 2003)
Paragonimiasis have previously been reported in two zones of the Southwest Province of Cameroon including the Kupe mountain and Mundani foci. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and epidemiology of paragonimiasis in the peri-urban zone of Kumba, Meme Division, located about 50 km away from the Kupe mountain focus.Pupils of several government primary schools in 5 villages around Kumba underwent both parasitologic and clinical investigations in search of signs and symptoms of paragonimiasis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also searched for in the differential diagnosis. Freshwater crabs from neighbouring streams in the five villages were dissected in search of paragonimus metacercariae.Out of a total of 1482 pupils examined in all five villages, 309 individuals (147 males and 162 females) were recruited for this study based on the presence of one or more signs or symptoms of paragonimiasis. Eggs of Paragonimus africanus were found in stools and/or sputum of pupils from all five villages, giving an overall paragonimus prevalence of 2.56%. There was no significant difference in the disease prevalence between the villages (Chi2 = 8.36, P = 0.08). The prevalence of Paragonimus africanus eggs amongst pupils with symptoms of paragonimiasis was 12.3% (38 of 309). Males were infected more than females (17.0% versus 8.0%), but the difference was not significant (Chi2 = 5.76, P = 0.16). All the 38 paragonimus egg positive subjects presented with cough, 23 (60.53%) complained of chest pain while 16 (42.11%) had haemoptysis. Stool examinations also detected some intestinal parasites including Ascaris lumbricoides (29.45%), Trichuris trichiura (6.47%), Necator americanus (2.27%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.62%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.65%), and Entamoeba histolytica (4.53%). No case of M. tuberculosis was noted. Out of a total of 85 dissected crabs (Sudanonautes africanus), 6.02 % were infected with paragonimus metacercariae.In addition to the two previously described paragonimiasis foci of Kupe mountain and Mundani, the identification of autochthonous cases of paragonimiasis in the peri-urban zone of Kumba town, makes the South West Province the most endemic zone of paragonimiasis in Cameroon at present.
openalex: W1531230930 mag: 1531230930
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Student academic underpreparedness at some technikons in South Africa - Nakasa, Dennis Sipho (2003)
Dissertation (PhD) – Stellenbosch University, 2003.%%%%ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigates the problem of student academic underpreparedness (SAU), which constitutes one of the hindrances to academic success at technikons, at five technikons in SA. The research design and methodology outlined in Chapter 1 identify three subproblems as underpinning SAU. Subproblem one lists six SAU subtypes. The sixth subtype, in particular, was identified as a critical one in that it can perpetuate a regressionary etiology of a cycle of failure at school and technikon. Subproblem two postulates that technikon pre-entry selection criteria make implicit assumptions about student underpreparedness. Chapter 2 reviews salient literature on second language (English) acquisition (SLA) and the acquisition of scientific concepts or higher order thinking skills. Chapter 3 reviews contemporary literature on SAU reversal of academic and vocational skill impairment. The argument is presented that recognition of prior learning (RPL) experience should be extended to an acknowledgement of students' indigenous knowledge systems (lKS). Empirical data were gathered from five technikons, two from the Western Cape, two from the Eastern Cape and one from KwaZulu Natal. Quantitative and qualitative research survey methodologies were employed to gather and analyse data. Methods used were a questionnaire on student learning administered to students and interviews with technikon staff. Chapter 5 discusses the data presented in Chapter 4 in relation to the problems and hypotheses postulated in Chapter 1, as well as to second language acquisition (SLA) and scientific or higher order thinking skills acquisition. Chapter 6 reports on the findings and makes recommendations for future research. Since it seems that proximal (intrinsic) underpreparedness has a substantial effect on SAU, a longitudinal study should be undertaken so that an academic underpreparedness indicator (AUI) can be designed. Concerted expert mediation of academic tasks and \ strategies should be provided since these play a critical role in developing students' capacity for successful performance at technikon level.%%%%AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die probleem van akademiese ondervoorbereidheid van studente (afgekort AOS) vir studie aan 'n technikon soos dit in vyf technikons in Suid- Afrika aangetref word. Hierdie ondervoorbereidheid is een van die struikelblokke tot akademiese sukses. In Hoofstuk 1 word die navorsingsontwerp en metodologie uiteengesit. Drie subprobieme wat onderliggend is aan AOS word geidentifiseer. Subprobleem een bestaan op sy beurt uit ses AOS-subtipes. Die sesde subtipe word as van kritieke belang beskou omdat dit 'n regressiewe, sikliese patroon van mislukking op skool en aan die technikon verstewig. Die tweede subprobleem gaan van die veronderstelling uit dat die toelatingskriteria van 'n technikon implisiete aannames oor ADS maak. Hoofstuk 2 verskaf 'n oorsig oor relevante literatuur oor tweedetaalverwerwing…
openalex: W2112796760 mag: 2112796760
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The Malawi medical school–a success story. - Ncayiyana, Daniel J (PubMed, 2003)
openalex: W2266218749 mag: 2266218749
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The Conjugate Volcanic Continental Margins Of Argentina And Southern Africa - Neben, S.; Schreckenberger, Bernd; Franke, Dieter (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W3185344686 mag: 3185344686
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An attempt to directly monitor stress buildup and triggered earthquakes within one fault distance in South African deep gold mines - Ogasawara, Hiroyuki; Iio, Yoshihisa; Nakatani, Masao; Takeuchi, J.; Shimoda, Naoyuki; Ishii, Hitoshi; Yamauchi, Takaki; Satoh, Takehiko; Kawakata, Hironori; Kato, Ayako; Ward, A. K.; Murphy, S.; et al. (AGUFM, 2003)
openalex: W3009891127 mag: 3009891127
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A citation analysis of education dissertations at the Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria - Okiy, Rose B. (Collection Building, 2003)
A total of 4,012 citations in 70 postgraduate dissertations in education submitted to the Delta State University Library between 1992 and 2002 were studied. Most post graduate students in education used more textbooks (60.3 per cent), than other forms of library materials. Four of the top ranked journals, including the most popularly used – the West African Journal of Education ( WAJE ) – are available in the library. A total of 12 (66.7 per cent) of the 18 most popularly used journals are US publications, thus creating the need for Delta State University Library to improve on its local journal collection. Of the 18 most cited journals, six (33.3 per cent) ranked among the list of significant journals in the field of education.
openalex: W1966284356 mag: 1966284356
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Pattern of disabilities in a residential school for the handicapped in Ilorin, Nigeria. - Ologe, Foluwasayo E.; Tm, Akande (PubMed, 2003)
As part of a wider study aimed at establishing baseline information (for planning purposes), the pattern of disabilities in a Residential School for the handicap was determined. Information on demographic data, nature of handicap, age of enrollment, present class and length of stay in the school were obtained. The study involved 82 pupils (28 females) aged 5-30 years (mean 16.9 + 5.08 years). Seventy nine percent (65) were deaf, 13.6%(11) blind and 6.2% (5) had mental retardation. The mean age of enrollment was 10.6 + 4.12 years. Only two (2.5%) of the pupils/students stayed in the school beyond the regulation time. These findings show that deafness was the commonest disability and strongly suggest that none of the disabilities observed had major impact on learning ability in this school system.
openalex: W2414065896 mag: 2414065896
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Rupture Areas Of Large Earthquakes In Papua New Guinea In 1971 And 2000 - Park, S. (AGUFM, 2003)
openalex: W3009625417 mag: 3009625417
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Co-eruptive deformation of Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes, Africa, from radar interferometry - Poland, Michael P.; Lü, Zhong (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W3049741530 mag: 3049741530
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Gender and Education in Tanzanian Schools - Porter, Karen A.; Bendera, Stella J.; Mboya, M.; Stambach, Amy (African Studies Review, 2003)
EDUCATION S. J. Bendera and M. W. Mboya, eds. Gender and Education in Tanzanian Schools. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press, 1998. Distributed by African Books Collective Ltd., The Jam Factory, 27 Park End Street, Oxford, OX1 IHU, UK. ix + 153 pp. Tables. Bibliography. $14.95. Paper. Amy Stambach. Lessons from Kilimanjaro: Schooling, Community, and Gender in East Africa. New York: Routledge, 2000. xv + 206 pp. Illustrations. Photographs. References. Index. $19.99. Paper. These two books make an excellent pair. In different ways, each deals with central tensions between tradition and modernity, between continuity and change, and between the and the Taken together, they offer compelling portraits of the intersection of gender and education in Tanzania. Gender and Education in Tanzania Schools includes chapters written individually and collectively by members of the Women in Education Development Group (WED). It takes an open and deliberate approach to the topic of gender and education at both primary and secondary levels. The authors are explicit about how life-course processes, such as initiation into womanhood, shape girls' experiences at home and in the community, translating into lower performance in primary school and consequendy into circumscribed opportunities for secondary education. In addition, the authors address forthrightly the issue of violence in schools by examining corporal punishment and other repressive forms of discipline regularly imposed on school-age children and youths. They urge that instruction in human rights, as prescribed by the United Nations, be made mandatory. At the same time, they advocate greater participation by women in science, engineering, and vocational fields. Bendera, Mboya et al. frame the discussion in terms of the state. Tanzania is one of the few countries in sub-Saharan Africa to have achieved near gender equity in primary schools. The abolition of primary school fees in 1973 removed that impediment to schooling, and Education Act no. 25 of 1978 made enrollment and attendance of boys and girls in primary school compulsory. all villages in Tanzania have at least one primary school, and girls make up 49.3 percent of the student population. In many respects Tanzania defies the claim that girls are disadvantaged in terms of education in sub-Saharan Africa. However, as the authors argue, girls and boys have a high level of overage enrollment that is directly tied to cultural norms and practices. Problems are due not simply to age, size, and maturity of pupils, but also to physical, practical, and attitudinal problems surrounding the onset of puberty. Although parental attitudes toward education may not be negative, when difficult choices have to be made, it is girls' education that is sacrificed first. Furthermore, factors such as family poverty, the need for children's labor on farms and in fields, schoolgirl pregnancy, mandatory student participation in a variety of nonacademic tasks (such as raising funds for the school), distance to school, lack of safety for girls in school, and the perennial responsibility of girls for gender-specific tasks such as food preparation and other household chores compound the problems girls face in attaining education. These problems must be understood in light of the wider sociocultural context in which schooling takes place, as well as in light of the structure and environment of Tanzania's educational system. A rich array of statistical tables supports these points and illustrates patterns found across the country. The tables also provide important data on boys' and girls' own perspectives on their education and their patterns of subject selection. These data illuminate the ways in which gender informs-or fails to inform-policy formation at the national level. Amy Stambach, for her part, shifts attention from the state to the local level, bringing us intimately into the world of the Chagga of Machame, Kilimanjaro, in her descriptively rich and analytically enticing book, Lessons from Kilimanjaro: Schooling, Community, and Gender in East Africa. …
openalex: W2008650154 mag: 2008650154
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Gender Training for Peacekeepers: Lessons from the DRC - Puechguirbal, Nadine (International Peacekeeping, 2003)
(2003). Gender Training for Peacekeepers: Lessons from the DRC. International Peacekeeping: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 113-128.
openalex: W2075917708 mag: 2075917708
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Climate change and coral reefs: different effects in two high-latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa) - Riegl, Bernhard (Coral Reefs, 2003)
openalex: W2047036903 mag: 2047036903
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Climate change and coral reefs: different effects in two high-latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa) - Riegl, Bernhard (Coral Reefs, 2003)
openalex: W2047036903 mag: 2047036903
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Climate change and coral reefs: different effects in two high-latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa) - Riegl, Bernhard (Coral Reefs, 2003)
openalex: W2047036903 mag: 2047036903
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Climate change and coral reefs: different effects in two high-latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa) - Riegl, Bernhard (Coral Reefs, 2003)
openalex: W2047036903 mag: 2047036903
Keywords: openalex:import

Climate change and coral reefs: different effects in two high-latitude areas (Arabian Gulf, South Africa) - Riegl, Bernhard (Coral Reefs, 2003)
openalex: W2047036903 mag: 2047036903
Keywords: openalex:import

The Modernization of the School Educational System of Pre- and Post-Independent Kenya - Santou, Akiyoshi (The Journal of economics of Kwansei Gakuin University, 2003)
openalex: W2949017628 mag: 2949017628
Keywords: openalex:import

Summer African Dust and Florida Thunder Storms: Are CRYSTAL-FACE Anvils Typical of the Subtropics? - Sassen, K.; Campbell, James; Prospero, Joseph M. (AGUFM, 2003)
openalex: W3034554341 mag: 3034554341
Keywords: openalex:import

Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education - Schultz, T.P. (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the children of well-educated parents paid the public costs of their schooling, and these tuition revenues facilitated the expansion of higher education and financed fellowships for children of the poor and less educated parents.
openalex: W3125520671 mag: 3125520671
Keywords: openalex:import

Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education - Schultz, Tanja (2003)
Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the children of well-educated parents paid the public costs of their schooling, and these tuition revenues facilitated the expansion of higher education and financed fellowships for children of the poor and less educated parents.
openalex: W2129490885 mag: 2129490885
Keywords: openalex:import

The Use of the Double-Hurdle Model in Estimating the Rate of Return to Education in South Africa - Serumaga-Zake, Philip; Kotzé, Dirk (Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 2003)
In this study, the Double-Hurdle Model (DHM) is compared to the more traditional technique, the Heckman's (1976) two-stage selection model in estimating the private rate of return to education in South Africa. The Heckman's model compares well with the DHM with correlated errors between the participation and employment functions. According to the DHM, the private rates of return to education of males and females are found to be respectively, 11,5 and 13 per cent for Blacks; 17 and 18 for Coloureds, 7,5 and 11 for Asians and 0,7 and 9,5 for Whites. It has also been indicated that in general, tertiary education is the most profitable private educational investment in South Africa.
openalex: W1592545644 mag: 1592545644
Keywords: openalex:import

Viewpoint: Environmental Education Policy Development in Zimbabwe- An Educational Experience - Shava, Soul (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2003)
openalex: W4386043047
Keywords: openalex:import

Policy making for secondary schooling in Uganda : will outcomes match intentions for female students? - Sperandio, Jill (Education As Change, 2003)
The promotion of social equality and national unity have been clearly articulated goals of Ugandan education policy since the country became independent in 1962. However, even the most well-intentioned and best-researched policies may, in time and under conditions not anticipated by their makers, produce outcomes at odds with the goals they seek to achieve. As Uganda devises new policies to meet an urgent need to provide secondary and tertiary educational opportunities, this article reviews, form the perspective of the education of girls, the outcomes of past policies, and the possible outcomes of present policy recommendations. In doing so it hopes to facilitate the understanding of the processes at work in the evolution of education systems in developing countries, and for the provision of women's education in particular. Recent research has addressed the question of why gender inequities persist in education in developing countries, despite increased knowledge about the causes of gender disparities (Swainson et al., 1998; Swainson, 1996; ADEA, 1996; Stromquist, 1995; Yates, 1993). The research suggests that there are many causes for these disparities, including gender initiatives that are mainly donor-driven and dependent on key individuals or male policy-makers, poor dissemination of existing research findings, and lack of a national gender policy into which gender interventions could be placed (Hyde 1989). However, even when particular attention is given to ensuring that gender equity is prominent on the reform agenda, failure to consider specific features of the long-term evolution of the educational system can undermine this goal. Changes made to address gender inequalities at one point in the system may well exacerbate inequalities at another. This article examines the proposals for reform and development of secondary education in Uganda that have been in process since 1992, within this context of unanticipated outcomes for well-intentioned policies - specifically the paradox that by making access to education gender-equal, educational outcomes for female students may be negatively effected.
openalex: W2546274896 mag: 2546274896
Keywords: openalex:import

Perinatal mortality audit at Tikure Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 1995 to 1996. - Tadesse, Eyob; Worku, Bogale (PubMed, 2003)
To determine the prevalence and causes of perinatal mortality rates at Tikure Anbessa hospital, Ethiopia, 1995-96.A cross-sectional review of hospital records of all women who delivered at Tikure Anbessa Hospital. Data were collected prospectively.Teaching Hospital of Tikure Anbessa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Women and neonates from 8986 deliveries. Deliveries exceeding 28 weeks of gestation or birth weight of 1000 grams were considered.All deliveries were included for infants whose gestational age exceeded 28 completed weeks. When the gestational age was unknown, the birth weight of 1000 grams or more was considered. All perinatal deaths and obstetric complications were identified. Labour chart, mode of delivery and summary of delivery had been recorded by the responsible resident at a monthly combined obstetric and paediatric perinatal mortality meeting. Age of the mother, parity, booking status for antenatal care, obstetric complications, labour, mode of delivery, birth weight, gestational age, one and five minutes Apgar scores were collected.A total of 8986 deliveries were conducted during the study period. Of these 6933 (77.2%) were booked for antenatal care while the remaining 2053 (22.8%) were not booked in any health institution. The perinatal mortality rate of the hospital was 71.6 per 1000 live births. The risk of perinatal mortality was more than doubled among mothers who failed to book for antenatal care follow-up and no laboratory investigations was done were birth asphyxia followed by premature birth 15.4% and 12% respectively.Perinatal mortality rates are high at Tikure Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia. There is need to ensure that pregnant women are booked for antenatal care so as to provide adequate antenatal and perinatal health care.
openalex: W2272491960 mag: 2272491960
Keywords: openalex:import

Use and Application of ICTs in Education and Information Provision in Africa: a gateway to quality resources - Taole, Nthabiseng (Information Development, 2003)
The success of a new Internet gateway on information and communication technologies in Africa depends on how well it will be used, and this requires users that are information literate.
openalex: W1980769266 mag: 1980769266
Keywords: openalex:import

The Influence of Cultural and Racial Identification on the Psychosocial Adjustment of Inner-City African American Children in School - Thomas, Duane E.; Townsend, Tiffany G.; Belgrave, Faye Z. (American Journal of Community Psychology, 2003)
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and combined influence of racial identity and Africentric values on African American children's psychosocial adjustment. Participants were 104 (53 males, 51 females) African American fourth‐grade students attending an inner‐city public school in a northeastern city. Child and teacher ratings were used to assess the relationship between racial identity, Africentric values, and several indices of child psychosocial adjustment, including child behavior control, school interest, and teacher perceptions of child strengths and problems in the classroom. Child self‐esteem and the effects of gender and cohort were used as covariates in several analyses in the study. Overall, findings from the study supported the usefulness of combining racial identity and Africentric values into a single model of ethnic identification for African American children. Implications for risk prevention and enhancement of psychosocial functioning among African American children are discussed.
openalex: W2033337285 mag: 2033337285
Keywords: openalex:import

AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS ON VEGETATION IN SOUTH AFRICA - Tienhoven, A. M. Van; Scholes, Mary (2003)
openalex: W317630722 mag: 317630722
Keywords: openalex:import

Lobbying disability in South Africa, 1994-2001 : a description of the activities of the disabled people South Africa (DPSA) in the policy-making process - Tire, Thabo Dennis (2003)
openalex: W817183451 mag: 817183451
Keywords: openalex:import

Disability in Somaliland - Tomlinson, Sally; Abdi, Osman Ahmed (Disability & Society, 2003)
Civil war lasting into the 1990s destroyed much of Somalia's economic, political and social structures, and conflict still continues in the southern areas of the country. In 1991, the northwest region declared itself the Independent Republic of Somaliland, established a government in Hargeisa and is struggling to rebuild an infrastructure. It is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranking high on the UN hunger index, and is the third most heavily land-mined country. One of the most disadvantaged groups of people are the disabled, although there is little general information about numbers and kinds of disability, and few social and medical services. This article presents some limited information about the extent of the nature of disability, and local efforts to improve the lives of disabled children and adults. It reports projects funded by non-government organisations, and concentrates on a seminar held in early 2002 attended by a group of disabled people who made their voices heard.
openalex: W2108107416 mag: 2108107416
Keywords: openalex:import

Aetiology and prevalence of canine anaemia in Zaria: A review of 2139 cases observed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (1990–2003) - Useh, N. M.; Oladele, Sunday Blessing; Adamu, S.; Ibrahim, N. D. G.; Nok, Andrew J.; Esievo, K. A. N. (Veterinary Quarterly, 2003)
An investigation was conducted at the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH) between January, 1990 and September, 2003 to determine the aetiology and prevalence of canine anaemia in Zaria, Nigeria. Out of the 5278 mongrel dogs presented during the period 1990-2003, 2139 (40.5%) were found to be anaemic, with packed cell volume (PCV) values ranging from 7 to 36%. The clinical signs presented by these dogs include: Pale mucous membranes, weakness, depression, anorexia/inapettence and reduced activity. About 50 dogs (about 1%) with helminths and haemoparasitic infestations had high PCV values (37-40%) without clinical presentation of anaemia or disease. Most of the dogs with anaemia (n = 2016 or 94.2%) had parasitic infestations. About 1580 (about 74%) of the anaemic cases, attributed to parasitic infestations occurred between May and October. A few dogs (n = 55, 2.6%) had anaemia due to poor nutrition, while 68 (3.2%) had anaemia with unknown cause. The public health significance of the parasites reported in this study is discussed.
openalex: W1967667089 mag: 1967667089
Keywords: openalex:import

The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment - Wong, Carol; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.; Sameroff, Arnold J. (Journal of Personality, 2003)
Abstract Do experiences with racial discrimination at school predict changes in African American adolescents' academic and psy‐chological functioning? Does African American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these two questions using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of an economically diverse sample of African American adolescents living in and near a major East Coast metropolis. The data were collected at the beginning of the 7th grade and after the completion of the 8th grade. As expected, experiences of racial discrimination at school from one's teachers and peers predicts declines in grades, academic ability self‐concepts, academic task values, mental health (increases in depression and anger, decreases in self‐esteem and psychological resiliency), and increases in the proportion of one's friends who are not interested in school and who have problem behaviors. A strong, positive connection to one's ethnic group (our measure of ethnic identity) reduced the magnitude of the association of racial discrimination experiences with declines in academic self‐concepts, school achievement, and perception of friends' positive characteristics, as well as the association of the racial discrimination experiences with increases in problem behaviors.
openalex: W2128387396 mag: 2128387396
Keywords: openalex:import

The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment - Wong, Carol; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.; Sameroff, Arnold J. (Journal of Personality, 2003)
Abstract Do experiences with racial discrimination at school predict changes in African American adolescents' academic and psy‐chological functioning? Does African American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these two questions using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of an economically diverse sample of African American adolescents living in and near a major East Coast metropolis. The data were collected at the beginning of the 7th grade and after the completion of the 8th grade. As expected, experiences of racial discrimination at school from one's teachers and peers predicts declines in grades, academic ability self‐concepts, academic task values, mental health (increases in depression and anger, decreases in self‐esteem and psychological resiliency), and increases in the proportion of one's friends who are not interested in school and who have problem behaviors. A strong, positive connection to one's ethnic group (our measure of ethnic identity) reduced the magnitude of the association of racial discrimination experiences with declines in academic self‐concepts, school achievement, and perception of friends' positive characteristics, as well as the association of the racial discrimination experiences with increases in problem behaviors.
openalex: W2128387396 mag: 2128387396
Keywords: openalex:import

The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment - Wong, Carol; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.; Sameroff, Arnold J. (Journal of Personality, 2003)
Abstract Do experiences with racial discrimination at school predict changes in African American adolescents' academic and psy‐chological functioning? Does African American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these two questions using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of an economically diverse sample of African American adolescents living in and near a major East Coast metropolis. The data were collected at the beginning of the 7th grade and after the completion of the 8th grade. As expected, experiences of racial discrimination at school from one's teachers and peers predicts declines in grades, academic ability self‐concepts, academic task values, mental health (increases in depression and anger, decreases in self‐esteem and psychological resiliency), and increases in the proportion of one's friends who are not interested in school and who have problem behaviors. A strong, positive connection to one's ethnic group (our measure of ethnic identity) reduced the magnitude of the association of racial discrimination experiences with declines in academic self‐concepts, school achievement, and perception of friends' positive characteristics, as well as the association of the racial discrimination experiences with increases in problem behaviors.
openalex: W2128387396 mag: 2128387396
Keywords: openalex:import

The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment - Wong, Carol; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.; Sameroff, Arnold J. (Journal of Personality, 2003)
Abstract Do experiences with racial discrimination at school predict changes in African American adolescents' academic and psy‐chological functioning? Does African American ethnic identity buffer these relations? This paper addresses these two questions using two waves of data from a longitudinal study of an economically diverse sample of African American adolescents living in and near a major East Coast metropolis. The data were collected at the beginning of the 7th grade and after the completion of the 8th grade. As expected, experiences of racial discrimination at school from one's teachers and peers predicts declines in grades, academic ability self‐concepts, academic task values, mental health (increases in depression and anger, decreases in self‐esteem and psychological resiliency), and increases in the proportion of one's friends who are not interested in school and who have problem behaviors. A strong, positive connection to one's ethnic group (our measure of ethnic identity) reduced the magnitude of the association of racial discrimination experiences with declines in academic self‐concepts, school achievement, and perception of friends' positive characteristics, as well as the association of the racial discrimination experiences with increases in problem behaviors.
openalex: W2128387396 mag: 2128387396
Keywords: openalex:import

WRITING DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS: USE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN LANGUAGE - Wylie, E. Caroline; Szpara, Michelle Y. (ETS Research Report Series, 2003)
ABSTRACT This study investigated potential writing differences between African American and European American candidates in a National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) portfolio entry from the Middle Childhood/Generalist Certificate. The use of features other than Edited American English was examined as a possible source of construct‐irrelevant variance in assessors' scoring judgments. Thirty‐two written commentaries, 18 from African American candidates and 14 from European American candidates, were coded for grammatical, lexical, and discourse features. The coding frame identified features of African American Language (AAL) and Speech Code Errors (SCE). Instances of AAL were fewer than instances of SCE and clustered according to potential users of AAL.
openalex: W1974796945 mag: 1974796945
Keywords: openalex:import

Determination of Fault Planes and Rupture Velocities of Small Earthquakes in a South African Gold Mine: Constraints on Radiation Efficiency - Yamada, Tomoaki; Mori, James; Ogasawara, Hiroyuki; Iio, Yoshihisa; Kawakata, Hironori; Ide, Satoshi (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W3166501830 mag: 3166501830
Keywords: openalex:import

More Evidence for Strong Lithospheric Mantle: Mantle Earthquakes in Zambia - Yang, Zhen; Chen, W. (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W3095414841 mag: 3095414841
Keywords: openalex:import

Predicting Fractures Using an Elastic Dislocation Model of the 1980 El Asnam, Algeria, Earthquake - Yielding, Graham; Healy, David; Kusznir, Nick (AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W3174202926 mag: 3174202926
Keywords: openalex:import

Distribution of heavy metals in Gaborone urban soils (Botswana) and its relationship to soil pollution and bedrock composition - Zhai, Mingzhe; Kampunzu, H.A.B.; Modisi, M.P.; Totolo, Otlogetswe (Environmental geology, 2003)
openalex: W2060936338 mag: 2060936338
Keywords: openalex:import

Art, Education, and African-American Culture: Albert Barnes and the Science of Philanthropy - Meyers, Mary Ann (2003)
A physician who applied his knowledge of chemistry to the manufacture of a widely used antiseptic, Albert Barnes is best remembered as one of the great American art collectors. The Barnes Foundation, which houses his treasures, is a fabled repository of Impressionist, post-Impressionist, and early modern paintings. Less well known is the fact that Barnes attributed his passion for collecting art to his youthful experience of African-American culture, especially music. Art, Education, and African-American Culture is both a biography of an iconoclastic and innovative figure and a study of the often-conflicted efforts of an emergent liberalism to seek out and showcase African American contributions to the American aesthetic tradition. Mary Ann Meyers examines Barnes's background and career and the development and evolution of his enthusiasm for collecting pictures and sculpture. She shows how Barnes's commitment to breaking down invidious distinctions and his use of the uniquely arranged works in his collection as textbooks for his school, created a milieu where masterpieces of European and American late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century painting, along with rare and beautiful African art objects, became a backdrop for endless feuding. A gallery requiring renovation, a trust prohibiting the loan or sale of a single picture, and the efforts of Lincoln University, known as the black Princeton, to balance conflicting needs and obligations all conspired to create a legacy of legal entanglement and disputes that remain in contention. This volume is neither an idealized account of a quixotic do-gooder nor is it a critique of a crank. While fully documenting Barnes's notorious eccentricities along with the clashing interests of the main personalities associated with his Foundation, Meyers eschews moral posturing in favor of a rich mosaic of peoples and institutions that illustrate many of the larger themes of American culture in general and African-American culture in particular.
openalex: W597460941 mag: 597460941
Keywords: openalex:import

African-American Athletes in the Classroom [1] (multiple letters) - Clary, Renee M.; Chesney, Clyde E.; Siegel, Don J. (The Chronicle of higher education, 2003)
openalex: W2608462895 mag: 2608462895
Keywords: openalex:import

A Qualitative Study of Resilience among African American Adolescent Male Students in North Carolina - Leak, Johnny (2003)
openalex: W2513010181 mag: 2513010181
Keywords: openalex:import

Optics and photonics in the education system of the Kingdom of Morocco ( Abstract only ) - Filali-Meknassi, Otman; Semlali, Mohammed (Proceedings of SPIE, 2003)
The Moroccan experience in education and training in Optics and Photonics is preented in this talk. Founded in 1999, the Optical Society of Morocco (SMOP), a nonprofit organization, serves the optics and photonics Moroccan community. The country of Morocco is considered by the United Nations as one of the emerging countries in the world. (Abstract only available)
openalex: W2084868453 mag: 2084868453
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender and Education Impacts on Employment and Earnings in West Africa: Evidence from Guinea - Glick, Peter; Sahn, David E. (Social Science Research Network, 2003)
This study uses household survey data to analyze the determination of sector of employment and earnings of men and women in a low income, African urban center. Earnings function for men and women are estimated to identify the roles of schooling, experience, and other factors in determining earnings in different sectors of the labor market.
openalex: W3124712674 mag: 3124712674
Keywords: openalex:import

Interaction Effects of Maternal Education and Household Facilities on Childhood Diarrhea in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Ghana - Gyimah, Stephen Obeng (World health and population, 2003)
openalex: W1914573238 mag: 1914573238
Keywords: openalex:import

The influence of non -cognitive variables on African -American high school students' enrollment in advanced mathematics courses. - Slocumb-Bradford, Alesia Bernadette (2003)
openalex: W2989377338 mag: 2989377338
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessing the effects of a health education intervention upon attitudes towards risk factors for cardiovascular disease among African American college students. - Wilkinson, Pocahontas Lorraine (2003)
openalex: W2982857346 mag: 2982857346
Keywords: openalex:import

Education in Rwanda (2003)
openalex: W4246162063
Keywords: openalex:import

Genotypic Variability in Adaptation Responses of Selected Clones of Cassava to Drought Stress in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria - Okogbenin, Emmanuel; Ekanayake, Indira Janaki; Porto, M. C. M. (Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2003)
Abstract Identification of drought‐tolerant and ‐resistant varieties of cassava is of paramount importance for the maximization of productivity potential in drought‐prone areas. Nine improved cassava varieties developed in humid and subhumid agro‐ecologies were evaluated for their growth responses and adaptability in the dry savannas of Nigeria. Field trials were set up in two cropping seasons at three different locations. Parameters evaluated included fresh root yield (FRY), fresh shoot yield (FSY), cumulative leaves formed (CLF), cumulative leaf scars (CLS), root dry‐matter content (DMC), harvest index (HI), and root cyanogenic potential (CNp). Results demonstrated that varietal response differed with water table site, implying different adaptation responses of varieties to the water regime. Variations in all characters studied were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by genotype, suggesting a strong genetic basis for the phenotypic differences amongst varieties. Compared with variation attributable to location, the genotypic components were strong for FRY, FSY, CLF, CLS, HI and DMC. HI and DMC were not significantly affected by location. CNp tended to increase with increasing drought stress. The significance of genotype × environment effects for FRY suggested that genotypes may be selected for specific adaptation for drought‐prone environments. The poor adaptability responses of the majority of the varieties implied that an agro‐ecologically targeted breeding scheme for the dry savanna would be a more appropriate approach for the development of drought‐tolerant varieties.
openalex: W1983206013 mag: 1983206013
Keywords: openalex:import

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

African Droughts and Dust Transport to the Caribbean: Climate Change Implications - Prospero, Joseph M.; Lamb, Peter (Science, 2003)
Great quantities of African dust are carried over large areas of the Atlantic and to the Caribbean during much of the year. Measurements made from 1965 to 1998 in Barbados trade winds show large interannual changes that are highly anticorrelated with rainfall in the Soudano-Sahel, a region that has suffered varying degrees of drought since 1970. Regression estimates based on long-term rainfall data suggest that dust concentrations were sharply lower during much of the 20th century before 1970, when rainfall was more normal. Because of the great sensitivity of dust emissions to climate, future changes in climate could result in large changes in emissions from African and other arid regions that, in turn, could lead to impacts on climate over large areas.
openalex: W2008056674 mag: 2008056674
Keywords: openalex:import

“African-American Resources for a More Inclusive Liberation Theology” - Walker, Theodore (2003)
La theologie noire est une forme de theologie de la liberation qui affirme que les noirs sont moralement tenus de contribuer au bien-etre et specialement au bien-etre des pauvres et des opprimes. Pour les Eglises et la theologie noires americaines, il est important de contribuer a une reflexion et une attitude ecologiques. Les noirs americains ne peuvent se degager de toute responsabilite dans la crise ecologique globale. Il est vrai qu'aujourd'hui, dans l'environnement europeen et americain, les noirs profitent et sont beneficiaires de l'exploitation de l'environnement
openalex: W2517580425 mag: 2517580425
Keywords: openalex:import

"From The Worst To The Best": An Exploratory Qualitative Study Of The Process Of Social Change At A South African Secondary School - Aswegen, Berendien Van; Schurink, Willem (SA journal of human resource management, 2003)
The primary aim of the study is to describe an initiative to effect organisational change at a previously disadvantaged school in South Africa’s Gauteng Province. Qualitative methods were used to collect and analyse data on the social process of change in the school. Essays of role players in the change process on their experiences led to important insights. This exploratory study points to a process that was effective in bringing about change at a school and holds promise for constructing a theoretical model of how change could be effected in ineffective schools. OpsommingDie primêre doel van die studie is die beskrywing van ’n organisatoriese verandering by ’n voorheen benadeelde skool in Suid-Afrika se Gauteng Provinsie. Kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om data oor die sosiale proses te genereer en te analiseer. Opstelle van betrokkenes by die veranderingsproses oor hulle ervarings het tot belangrike insigte gelei. Hierdie verkennende studie dui op ’n proses wat suksesvol gewerk het om verandering te weeg te bring en hou belofte in vir die ontwikkeling van ’n teoretiese model van hoe verandering in oneffektiewe skole bewerkstellig kan word.
openalex: W2049454811 mag: 2049454811
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Post-basic nursing students’ perceptions of the emigration of nurses from the republic of South Africa - Ehlers, V.J.; Oosthuizen, M.J.; Bezuidenhout, MC; Monareng, L.V.; Jooste, Karien (Health SA Gesondheid (Print), 2003)
The emigration of nurses from South Africa to work in overseas countries continues to increase despite efforts to curb this phenomenon.

Opsomming
Die emigrasie van Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges om in oorsese lande te werk neem toe ten spyte van pogings om die verskynsel te bekamp.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
openalex: W2100823902 mag: 2100823902
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Scleractinian corals as pollution indicators, Red Sea Coast, Egypt - El-Wahab, Mohamed Abd; El‐Sorogy, Abdelbaset S. (Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 2003)
openalex: W2999717759 mag: 2999717759
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The Contribution Of Co-Operative Education In The Growing Of Talent In South Africa: A Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration - Groenewald, Thomas; Schurink, Willem (SA journal of human resource management, 2003)
Organisational talent is internationally regarded a key success factor in a competitive world and is continuously challenged. In South Africa, the Apartheid heritage further presents major challenges regarding developmental opportunities of talented people. Co-operative education presents, as structured educational strategy that progressively integrates academic study with learning through productive work experiences, itself as a means to grow the talent of the South African people. As result of the inadequate practice of co-operative education and a fair amount of associated resistance, ‘classical’ literature is reviewed. The literature review further identifies the core properties of co-operative education and the study has attempted to distil the core principles of a phenomenological research design. The specific ‘phenomena’ which the research focused on are existing joint ventures between Higher Education institutions and business enterprises aimed at educating people and growing talent. Selections of the voices of the research participants are presented in this article. Although the present study identifies several shortcomings regarding the practice of co-operative education, it pioneers the notion that the growing of talent can be enhanced through a co-operative education strategy.

OpsommingOrganisatoriese talent word internasionaal beskou as ’n sleutelfaktor in ’n kompeterende wêreld en word dus voortdurend aan uitdagings onderwerp. In Suid Afrika stel die nagevolge van Apartheid grootskaalse uitdagings ten opsigte van die ontwikkelings moontlikhede van talentvolle mense. Koöperatiewe onderwys bied, as gestruktureerde opvoedkundige strategie wat progressief akademiese leer met produktiewe werkservaring integreer, ’n geleentheid om die talent van Suid-Afrikaners op te bou. ‘Klasieke’ literatuur word weegegee ten einde die ontoereikende beoefening van koöperatiewe onderwys en ’n gepaartgaande redelike mate van weerstand aan te spreek. Die literatuurstudie identifiseer verder die kerneienskappe van koöperatiewe onderwys en probeer om die vernaamste eienskappe van ’n fenomenologiese studie raak te vat. Die spesifieke ‘fenomene’ waarop die studie fokus, is die bestaande samewerking tussen tersiêre instellings en besigheidsondernemings om mense op te lei en hul talent te ontwikkel. Geselekteerde uitsprake van die deelnemers aan die studie word weergegee en alhoewel daar verskeie tekortkominge rakende die beoefening van koöperatiewe onderwys geïdentifiseer is, verteenwoordig die studie baanbrekerswerk op die terrein van die rol van koöperatiewe onderwys in die ontwikkeling van talent.
openalex: W2170675945 mag: 2170675945
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Chronic Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Conditioned Responding and Enhances GABA Release in the Hippocampus of the Adult Guinea Pig - Hayward, Melissa L.; Martin, Amanda E.; Brien, James F.; Dringenberg, Hans C.; Olmstead, Mary C.; Reynolds, James N. (Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2003)
In this study, we assessed the effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure (CPEE) on spatial navigation in the water maze, conditioned responding using food-reinforced lever pressing, and amino acid neurotransmitter release from the hippocampus of the adult guinea pig. Pregnant guinea pigs were treated with ethanol (3 g/kg of maternal body weight/day), isocaloric-sucrose/pair-feeding, or water throughout gestation. Adult offspring were trained in two-lever operant chambers to respond for sucrose pellets, with one lever designated as the reward lever. There were no group differences in response acquisition or lever discrimination on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR-1) schedule. During extinction sessions, CPEE offspring maintained higher levels of responding on the previously reinforced lever, suggesting that CPEE increases perseveration and/or impairs response inhibition but does not affect operant responding for an appetitive reinforcer or the ability to discriminate rewarding from nonrewarding stimuli. In contrast, there was no effect of CPEE on performance in the water maze in the maternal ethanol regimen used in this study. CPEE did not alter electrically evoked glutamate or GABA release from hippocampal brain slices. However, when slices were tested after delivery of a tetanizing stimulation (five 5-s trains at 100 Hz), post-tetanic potentiation of electrically stimulated GABA release was greater in hippocampal slices obtained from CPEE offspring, whereas post-tetanic potentiation of electrically stimulated glutamate release was unaffected. These data suggest that conditioned learning is a sensitive behavioral measure of CPEE-induced brain injury. Increased activity-dependent potentiation of GABA release in the hippocampus may contribute to alterations in synaptic plasticity observed in CPEE offspring.
openalex: W2166717536 mag: 2166717536
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What Can Africa Learn from Asian Development Successes and Failures - Klasen, Stephan (Social Science Research Network, 2003)
Book reviewed in this article: Peter Lawrence and Colin Thirtle (eds.) - Africa and Asia in Comparative Economic Perspective
openalex: W2146913425 mag: 2146913425
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Health behaviour and school environment among school-aged black and white South African children in the Limpopo Province - Peltzer, Karl (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2003)
The main objective of the ‘Health Behaviour among School-Aged Children’ (HBSC) study was to collect information on health-related behaviour of South African youth.

Opsomming
Die hoofdoelwit van die studie “Health Behaviour among School-aged Children” (Gesondheidsgedrag van skoolgaande kinders) studie is om inligting in te samel ten opsigte van gesondheidverwante gedrag van die Suid-Afrikaanse jeug.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
openalex: W2070160337 mag: 2070160337
Keywords: openalex:import

Illness cognitions, doctor-patient communication and prescription adherence among first diagnosed hypertensive patients from a rural teaching hospital in South Africa - Peltzer, Karl; Khoza, L; Lekhuleni, M E; Alberts, M; Mekwa, J; Sethosa, E (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2003)
This study examines the relationship between illness cognitions, doctor-patient communication and the use of prescribed medication among patients first diagnosed with hypertension in the outpatient department of a rural South African teaching hospital.

ABSTRAK
Hierdie studie ondersoek die verwantskap tussen siekte-kognisies, dokter-pasiënt kommunikasie en die gebruik van voorskrifmedisyne onder pasiënte wat die eerste keer met hipertensie gediagnoseer is, in die buitepasiëntafdeling van ‘n landelike Suid-Afrikaanse opleidingshospitaal.
openalex: W4242532295
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Illness cognitions, doctor-patient communication and prescription adherence among first diagnosed hypertensive patients from a rural teaching hospital in South Africa - Peltzer, Karl; Khoza, L.B.; Lekhuleni, M.E.; Alberts, M; Mekwa, Julie; Sethosa, E. (Health Sa Gesondheid, 2003)
This study examines the relationship between illness cognitions, doctor-patient communication and the use of prescribed medication among patients first diagnosed with hypertension in the outpatient department of a rural South African teaching hospital.

Opsomming
Hierdie studie ondersoek die verwantskap tussen siekte-kognisies, dokter-pasiënt kommunikasie en die gebruik van voorskrifmedisyne onder pasiënte wat die eerste keer met hipertensie gediagnoseer is, in die buitepasiëntafdeling van ‘n landelike Suid-Afrikaanse opleidingshospitaal.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
openalex: W2074691096 mag: 2074691096
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Study of Theories of Personality and Learning Styles; some Implications and Sample Activities to Support Curriculum Change in a Higher Education TESOL Program in Syria - Shalabi, M. Fadi Al (2003)
openalex: W1505993922 mag: 1505993922
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03/02615 The potential impacts of climate change on maize production in Africa and Latin America in 2055 (Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2003)
openalex: W4244730936
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BMUS Overseas Initiative – Ultrasound Training in Uganda Volunteers Required!!! (BMUS bulletin, 2003)
BMUS is in the planning stage for implementation of a further ultrasound training programme in Uganda, East Africa. The proposed training programme will involve two sites, the Mildmay Clinic in the capital Kampala and Kumi Hospital in the East of the country. It is estimated that this training programme will run for approximately 18 months − 2 years.
openalex: W4242508315
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Chronic Hemodialysis in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: Practice and Costs - Agaba, Emmanuel I; Lopez, A.; Ma, Irene; Martínez, R.; Tzamaloukas, R.A.; VanderJagt, Dorothy J.; Glew, Robert H.; Tzamaloukas, Antonios H. (The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2003)
The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is on the rise in developing countries. To identify issues related to renal replacement therapy in ESRD patients in the developing world, we analyzed the practice and costs of hemodialysis in Nigerian ESRD patients. Ten ESRD patients were dialyzed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, between June 15 and July 15, 2003. In these patients, we analyzed initiation, vascular access issues, frequency, duration, adequacy and economics of chronic hemodialysis. The Nigerian patients were referred to the nephrologist for the first time only when they had developed frank uremia. No patient had a permanent vascular access at the time dialysis was initiated. Only two patients had a functioning dialysis fistula, while the other eight patients were dialyzed through temporary femoral vein catheters that were removed after each dialysis. Frequency of dialysis was three times weekly in 2 patients, twice weekly in 1 patient and once weekly or less frequently in 7 patients. The duration of a dialysis session was prescribed to be 4 hours, but sessions often lasted for as long as 10 hours because of breakdowns of the antiquated dialysis machines. The urea reduction ratio was 45.3 +/- 8.6%. In every case, the cost of dialysis was borne by the patients and their families. Comparison of the cost of dialysis, with extensive re-use of supplies, to monthly incomes of Nigerians with different professions revealed that the great majority of Nigerians cannot afford three times weekly dialysis. Underdialysis in Nigerian ESRD patients is common and caused by socioeconomic factors and technologic deficits. One step towards correction of underdialysis could be sharing of the cost of dialysis by the public.
openalex: W175484189 mag: 175484189
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Preservice Teachers' Attitudes Toward Teaching African American Students - Bakari, Rosenna (Urban Education, 2003)
Data were collected on a total of 415 students enrolled in teacher education programs at six universities. This study consisted of data collected from three subsamples based on the type of institution participants attended. Group 1 consisted of preservice teachers from a public, predominantly White university; the university had no specific requirements related to teaching culturally diverse students. Group 2 consisted of preservice teachers from historically Black colleges and universities. Group 3 included preservice teachers from private, predominantly White universities. Results revealed that the means for all groups were lower on the Cultural Sensitivity Toward Teaching African American Students subscale than the Willingness to Teach African American Students subscale. In addition, the mean score for Group 2 on the Willingness to Teach African American Students subscale was higher than the means for Groups 1 and 3. All of these results were statistically significant (p < .001).
openalex: W2138436020 mag: 2138436020
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The AIDS Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa: are teachers a high-risk group? - Bennell, Paul (Comparative Education, 2003)
This article assesses the extent to which teachers in Sub-Saharan Africa are a ‘high-risk’ group with respect to HIV infection and AIDS-related mortality. The main conclusion that is drawn from this review is that little hard evidence exists to support the contention that teachers are more vulnerable to the epidemic than other occupational groups.
openalex: W2050498270 mag: 2050498270
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Sources And Levels Of Stress Among Teachers In Zimbabwe - Chireshe, Regis; Mapfumo, John (2003)
The study sought to establish levels of stress among teachers, what stresses Zimbabwean teachers and how these teachers cope with the stress. Subjects (N-165) were teachers drawn from Masvingo and Manicaland Educational Provinces. A questionnaire was used to collect data. A t-test for independent samples was used to analyse the data. The results showed that teachers have moderate stress levels. The results showed that there is no significant difference in stress levels between male and female teachers and between graduate and non-graduate teachers in Zimbabwe. It also emerged that teachers are stressed by heavy teaching loads, low salaries, student indiscipline and poor working environments. The teachers also indicated that they use more than one strategy to reduce stress. Recommendations on coping with stress were made.
openalex: W143237757 mag: 143237757
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Bringing Diversity and Activism to Media Education through African American-Centered Pedagogical Cases - Coleman, Robin R. Means (Television & New Media, 2003)
This article works to illustrate the manner in which two principal goals of media education can be fulfilled in media instruction. These goals are to create savvy media consumers who are empowered to demystify their mediated worlds and to foster recognition in media consumers that they possess agency to inform their mediated worlds. Toward these ends, the author provides media educators with two case studies—the mediation of Ebonics and the NAACP television boycott—as curricular models. Each case study concludes with suggestions for further inquiry, discussion, and debate. These African American-centered cases also work to evidence how diversity can be brought to media education lessons.
openalex: W2030560862 mag: 2030560862
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Promoting female entrepreneurship in Mauritius : strategies in training and development - Day‐Hookoomsing, Patricia; Essoo, Vedna (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2003)
Focuses on the role of training and human resources development to promote female entrepreneurship. Based on a survey of 25 female entrepreneurs
openalex: W2171300165 mag: 2171300165
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Teaching African conflicts - Dougherty, Beth K. (Active Learning in Higher Education, 2003)
Teaching African conflicts can be difficult, as an instructor confronts ideological debates, contested discourses, the historical burden of slavery and colonialism, and issues of (western) power/privilege, race and voice, all while navigating the approbation of colleagues and students alike. This article identifies four broad philosophical issues in constructing a course focusing on African conflicts: students’ lack of knowledgeabout Africa; the complexity of the material; concerns about negativity; and controversial, contested issues. The second part of the article discussesa variety of strategies for meeting these challenges, including: active learning techniques, such as role-play simulations and structured debates; theuse of documentaries, African films, and popular books/novels as teaching materials; exercises to identify stereotypes; and providing students with ‘conflict programs’ or handouts containing vital information suchas the main actors, a timeline, and a map.
openalex: W2095863311 mag: 2095863311
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Teachers, democratisation and educational reform in Russia and South Africa - Drodge, Stephen (International Journal of Educational Development, 2003)
Official discussion and negotiation on housing policy in South Africa was closed in 1994 with the launch of the new Housing White Paper. Contradictions in this policy between housing procedure and delivery target have limited its relevance to the poorest sector in society. The paper shows how these tensions between product and process are an outcome of negotiated policy-making, in which the attempt was to combine the dominant position of the private sector for the commodification of housing, with people-centred housing procedures advocated by the democratic movement. In the second term of ANC government, the housing ministry, aware of some of the limitations of its policy, stated its intention to review the housing policy. This has led to renewed discussion. The paper traces shifts and continuities in recent positions on housing in South Africa. It traces their emergence from within the democratic movement including labour and community or civic organisation, the more recent Homeless People's Federation/People's Dialogue alliance, and the private sector with its influential Urban Foundation and subsequent policy research institutes. The paper argues that shifts in housing finance have largely ignored the needs of the poorest sector in society. Further, the inadequately integrated location of subsidised development for the poorest remains unchallenged. The perception of local government merely as implementer in a centralised programme limits the ability to address local realities, also imposing bureaucratic constraints on community-based construction. In addition, an evasive discourse on squatting does not lend itself to the formulation of mechanism of intervention oriented around the needs of the poor. These limitations in addressing poverty through housing policy should inform future research on shelter in South Africa.
openalex: W2102918021 mag: 2102918021
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Identifying Labels among University Students in the New South Africa - Goldschmidt, Myra M. (Journal of Black Studies, 2003)
This article examines the relationship between political change and university students' sense of identity in South Africa during a 10-year period. Prior to 1994, identity in South Africa was largely based on ethnicity and language; is this still the case today? The new government has not only forced people to face changes in political issues but also changes in identification issues. Nowhere are these issues more striking than in an institution of higher learning, where students from diverse ethnic backgrounds are unified by a similar goal—an education. In an attempt to address the issue of identification, a survey was conducted at Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine if the change in government is causing a change in how people perceive themselves.
openalex: W1964494196 mag: 1964494196
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Climate change will increase demands on malaria control in Africa - Hales, Simon; Woodward, Alistair (The Lancet, 2003)
The present geographical distribution of malaria is explained by a combination of environmental factors (especially climate) and social factors (such as disease-control measures). 1 Sachs J Malaney P The economic and social burden of malaria. Nature. 2002; 415: 680-685 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1381) Google Scholar Efforts last century to control malaria succeeded in eradicating the disease from temperate zones and much of the subtropics, but the world is now facing a resurgence of malaria, the world's most important vector-borne disease. Perhaps 500 million cases of malaria occur every year, leading directly to a million deaths. Most deaths occur in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Between the 1980s and the 1990s malaria-related deaths in children doubled in many parts of Africa, and malaria now accounts for about a fifth of all childhood mortality. 2 Africa Malaria Report. Africa malaria report. WHO/UNICEF, Geneva2003http://www.rbm.who.int/amd2003/amr2003/amr_toc.htmDate: 2003 Google Scholar Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in AfricaThe effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned. Full-Text PDF
openalex: W2017642167 mag: 2017642167
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Language as an educational issue in the secondary schools of Oshikoto Region, Namibia - Hauuanga, Lance Paendohamba (2003)
openalex: W2767942211 mag: 2767942211
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School success of Moroccan youth in Barcelona. Theoretical insights for practical questions - Herrera, Diego (Athenea Digital, 2003)
This article addresses the relationship between ethnic identity and school performance of Moroccan youth living in Barcelona (Spain), particularly in cases of academic success. The bulk of the article makes reference to examples from ethnographical research to pinpoint the strategies used by some of these youths and their families to transcend the cultural, linguistic, and social barriers they face both in school and in their wider community. In so doing, we shift our gaze from John Ogbu?s immigrant/involuntary typology to the patterns of variability along ethnic, class and gender lines that exist within this minority group. Results from recent ethnographic research points out that high academic performance does not necessarily entails neither rejection of ethnicity nor simple conformity. Rather, some of these Moroccan youth adopt an instrumental view of education that promotes the development of new and proactive cultural identities inside and outside the school arena.
openalex: W1960594918 mag: 1960594918
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School success of Moroccan youth in Barcelona. Theoretical insights for practical questions - Herrera, Diego (Athenea digital, 2003)
This article addresses the relationship between ethnic identity and school performance of Moroccan youth living in Barcelona (Spain), particularly in cases of academic success. The bulk of the article makes reference to examples from ethnographical research to pinpoint the strategies used by some of these youths and their families to transcend the cultural, linguistic, and social barriers they face both in school and in their wider community. In so doing, we shift our gaze from John Ogbu?s immigrant/involuntary typology to the patterns of variability along ethnic, class and gender lines that exist within this minority group. Results from recent ethnographic research points out that high academic performance does not necessarily entails neither rejection of ethnicity nor simple conformity. Rather, some of these Moroccan youth adopt an instrumental view of education that promotes the development of new and proactive cultural identities inside and outside the school arena.
openalex: W4244539278
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School success of Moroccan youth in Barcelona. Theoretical insights for practical questions - Herrera, Diego (DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2003)
openalex: W4319064937
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African medical schools need to consider problem based learning - Iasi, Irina Haivas (The BMJ, 2003)
African medical schools should adopt problem based oral examinations to test students' performance, says a new study. At present, African universities examine medical students using essays and short answer questions. The …
openalex: W2943005610 mag: 2943005610
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Reaching impaired populations with HIV prevention programs: a clinical trial for homeless mentally ill African-American men. - Jg, Linn; Ja, Neff; Theriot, Rosemary; Jl, Harris; Interrante, Julia D.; Me, Graham (PubMed, 2003)
This study tested an intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors in a high risk impaired population: homeless African-American, Caucasian and Hispanic men with mental illness. In a comparison group clinical trial, men were assigned to an experimental cognitive-behavioral or a control intervention and followed up over 16 months. Men were recruited from a psychiatric program in two shelters for homeless men in Nashville, Tennessee. An ethnically mixed cohort of subjects (54% African-American, 42% Caucasian and 4% Hispanic) were included in the study. Most had a chronic psychiatric disorder and a co-morbid substance abuse disorder. The 257 participants who were sexually active (130 experimental, 127 control) prior to the trial were the main target of the intervention. An experimental intervention (SexG), adapted from Susser and Associates (51), comprised 6 group sessions. The control intervention was a 6-session HIV educational program. Sexual risk behavior was the primary outcome. The experimental and control groups were compared with respect to the mean score on a sexual risk index. Complete follow-up data were obtained on 257 men (100%) for the initial six-month follow-up. These individuals have been followed for the remainder of the 16-month follow-up. This intervention, (SexG), successfully reduced sexual risk behaviors of homeless mentally ill African-American, Caucasian and Hispanic men. Similar approaches may be effective in other impaired high-risk populations.
openalex: W18452856 mag: 18452856
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The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach - Jung, Hong-Sang; Thorbecke, Erik (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, the supply of different labor skills, and its macroeconomic and distributional consequences is appraised within a multisector CGE model. The model is applied to and calibrated for two Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs), Tanzania and Zambia. The simulation results suggest that education expenditure can raise economic growth. However, to maximize benefits from education expenditure, a sufficiently high level of physical investment is needed, as are measures that improve the match between the pattern of educational output and the structure of effective demand for labor. An important result of the simulation experiments is that a well-targeted pattern of education expenditure can be effective for poverty alleviation.
openalex: W3123287395 mag: 3123287395
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The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach - Jung, Hong-Sang; Thorbecke, Erik (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, the supply of different labor skills, and its macroeconomic and distributional consequences is appraised within a multisector CGE model. The model is applied to and calibrated for two Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs), Tanzania and Zambia. The simulation results suggest that education expenditure can raise economic growth. However, to maximize benefits from education expenditure, a sufficiently high level of physical investment is needed, as are measures that improve the match between the pattern of educational output and the structure of effective demand for labor. An important result of the simulation experiments is that a well-targeted pattern of education expenditure can be effective for poverty alleviation.
openalex: W3123287395 mag: 3123287395
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach - Jung, Hong-Sang; Thorbecke, Erik (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, the supply of different labor skills, and its macroeconomic and distributional consequences is appraised within a multisector CGE model. The model is applied to and calibrated for two Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs), Tanzania and Zambia. The simulation results suggest that education expenditure can raise economic growth. However, to maximize benefits from education expenditure, a sufficiently high level of physical investment is needed, as are measures that improve the match between the pattern of educational output and the structure of effective demand for labor. An important result of the simulation experiments is that a well-targeted pattern of education expenditure can be effective for poverty alleviation.
openalex: W3123287395 mag: 3123287395
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, growth, and poverty in Tanzania and Zambia: a general equilibrium approach - Jung, Hong-Sang; Thorbecke, Erik (Journal of Policy Modeling, 2003)
The impact of public education expenditure on human capital, the supply of different labor skills, and its macroeconomic and distributional consequences is appraised within a multisector CGE model. The model is applied to and calibrated for two Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs), Tanzania and Zambia. The simulation results suggest that education expenditure can raise economic growth. However, to maximize benefits from education expenditure, a sufficiently high level of physical investment is needed, as are measures that improve the match between the pattern of educational output and the structure of effective demand for labor. An important result of the simulation experiments is that a well-targeted pattern of education expenditure can be effective for poverty alleviation.
openalex: W3123287395 mag: 3123287395
Keywords: openalex:import

The impact of the education management system on the effectiveness of secondary schools in Lesotho - Lekhetho, Mapheleba (2003)
openalex: W1526267649 mag: 1526267649
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The Impact of Educational Quality on School Exit in Egypt - Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Tawila, Sahar El; Clark, Wesley H.; Mensch, Barbara S. (Comparative Education Review, 2003)
Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Impact of Educational Quality on School Exit in EgyptCynthia B. Lloyd, Sahar El Tawila, Wesley H. Clark, and Barbara S. MenschCynthia B. Lloyd Search for more articles by this author , Sahar El Tawila Search for more articles by this author , Wesley H. Clark Search for more articles by this author , and Barbara S. Mensch Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 47, Number 4November 2003 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/378247 Views: 111Total views on this site Citations: 33Citations are reported from Crossref © 2003 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Carla Pezzulo, Victor A. Alegana, Andrew Christensen, Omar Bakari, Andrew J. Tatem, José Antonio Ortega Understanding factors associated with attending secondary school in Tanzania using household survey data, PLOS ONE 17, no.22 (Feb 2022): e0263734.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263734Kristine E. Larson, Amanda J. Nguyen, Mercedes Gabriela Orozco Solis, Alexandra Humphreys, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Sarah Lindstrom Johnson A systematic literature review of school climate in low and middle income countries, International Journal of Educational Research 102 (Jan 2020): 101606.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101606Maia Sieverding, Caroline Krafft, and Asmaa Elbadawy An Exploration of the Drivers of Private Tutoring in Egypt, Comparative Education Review 63, no.44 (Oct 2019): 562–590.https://doi.org/10.1086/705383Ray Langsten, Tahra Hassan Primary education completion in Egypt: Trends and determinants, International Journal of Educational Development 59 (Mar 2018): 136–145.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.013, S. Taimur Challenging Gender Discrimination and Bias: Analyzing the Role of Early School Educational Intervention as a Sustainable Solution, International Journal of Learning and Teaching (Jan 2018): 47–52.https://doi.org/10.18178/ijlt.4.1.47-52Ahouakan Ehouman W. V., M'Baye Diene Does School Quality Matter? Primary Schools' Characteristics and Child Labor Intensity in Senegal, Journal of African Development 19, no.11 (Apr 2017): 113–131.https://doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.19.1.0113Lire Ersado, Jérémie Gignoux Egypt: inequality of opportunity in education, Middle East Development Journal 9, no.11 (Mar 2017): 22–54.https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2017.1294826Fatma Romeh M. Ali, Shiferaw Gurmu The impact of female education on fertility: a natural experiment from Egypt, Review of Economics of the Household 11 (Dec 2016).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-016-9357-6Rania Tfaily Gender, Sibship Composition, and Education in Egypt, Comparative Education Review 60, no.33 (Jun 2016): 480–500.https://doi.org/10.1086/687204Erin Murphy-Graham, Cynthia Lloyd Empowering adolescent girls in developing countries: The potential role of education, Policy Futures in Education 14, no.55 (Jun 2016): 556–577.https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210315610257Gudrun Østby, Henrik Urdal, Ida Rudolfsen What Is Driving Gender Equality in Secondary Education? Evidence from 57 Developing Countries, 1970–2010, Education Research International 2016 (Jan 2016): 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4587194Ragui Assaad, Caroline Krafft Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?, International Journal of Educational Development 45 (Nov 2015): 16–30.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.09.001Caitlin S. Haugen, Steven J. Klees, Nelly P. Stromquist, Jing Lin, Truphena Choti, Carol Corneilse Increasing the number of female primary school teachers in African countries: Effects, barriers and policies, International Review of Education 60, no.66 (Nov 2014): 753–776.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-014-9450-0Atta Gebril, Gavin T. L. Brown The effect of high-stakes examination systems on teacher beliefs: Egyptian teachers’ conceptions of assessment, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 21, no.11 (Sep 2013): 16–33.https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2013.831030Sarah R. Brauner-Otto Schools, Their Spatial Distribution and Characteristics, and Fertility Limitation*, Rural Sociology 77, no.33 (Jul 2012): 321–354.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00085.xSedat Gumus Investigating the Relationship between the Quality of Education and Level of Educational Attainment in Turkish Provinces, International Journal of Educational Reform 21, no.11 (Jan 2019): 62–72.https://doi.org/10.1177/105678791202100105Helen Abadzi, Stavri Llambiri Selective teacher attention in lower-income countries: A phenomenon linked to dropout and illiteracy?, PROSPECTS 41, no.44 (Nov 2011): 491–506.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9215-5Jeffery H. Marshall School quality signals and attendance in rural Guatemala, Economics of Education Review 30, no.66 (Dec 2011): 1445–1455.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.07.011Ragui Assaad, Deborah Levison, Nadia Zibani The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling: Evidence from Egypt, Feminist Economics 16, no.11 (Jan 2010): 79–128.https://doi.org/10.1080/13545700903382729Reed W. Larson, Suzanne Wilson, Aimee Rickman Globalization, Societal Change, and Adolescence Across the World, (Oct 2009).https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002018H. Abadzi Instructional Time Loss in Developing Countries: Concepts, Measurement, and Implications, The World Bank Research Observer 24, no.22 (Jul 2009): 267–290.https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp008Andrew Halpern-Manners, John Robert Warren, Jennie E. Brand Dynamic measures of primary and secondary school characteristics: Implications for school effects research, Social Science Research 38, no.22 (Jun 2009): 397–411.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.11.002Matthew Jukes, Stephanie Simmons, Donald Bundy Education and vulnerability: the role of schools in protecting young women and girls from HIV in southern Africa, AIDS 22, no.Suppl 4Suppl 4 (Dec 2008): S41–S56.https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341776.71253.04Peter Glick What Policies will Reduce Gender Schooling Gaps in Developing Countries: Evidence and Interpretation, World Development 36, no.99 (Sep 2008): 1623–1646.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.09.014Anu Rammohan, Diane Dancer Gender differences in intrahousehold schooling outcomes: the role of sibling characteristics and birth‐order effects, Education Economics 16, no.22 (Jun 2008): 111–126.https://doi.org/10.1080/09645290701273574 Jeffery H. Marshall , Marco Tulio Mejía R. , and Claudia R. Aguilar Quality and Efficiency in a Complementary Middle School Program: The Educatodos Experience in Honduras Marshall, Mejía R., and Aguilar, Comparative Education Review 52, no.22 (Jul 2015): 147–173.https://doi.org/10.1086/528760Barend Vlaardingerbroek, Kamel Dallal, George Rizkallah, Jihan Rabah A tracer study of Lebanese upper secondary school students, International Journal of Educational Development 27, no.55 (Sep 2007): 564–571.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2006.09.002Deon Filmer If you build it, will they come? School availability and school enrolment in 21 poor countries, The Journal of Development Studies 43, no.55 (Jun 2007): 901–928.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380701384588Diane Dancer, Anu Rammohan Determinants of Schooling in Egypt: The Role of Gender and Rural/Urban Residence, Oxford Development Studies 35, no.22 (Jun 2007): 171–195.https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810701322041Eric V. Edmonds Chapter 57 Child Labor, (Jan 2007): 3607–3709.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4471(07)04057-0 Back Matter, (Oct 2017): 227–318.https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6541-0_bmSajeda Amin, Nagah H. Al-Bassusi Education, wage work, and marriage: Perspectives of Egyptian working women, Journal of Marriage and Family 66, no.55 (Dec 2004): 1287–1299.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00093.xDiane Brook Napier Implementing Educational Transformation Policies: Investigating Issues of Ideal Versus Real in Developing Countries, (): 59–98.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3679(04)06003-7
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Intergroup Differences and their Impact on African American Teachers - Mabokela, Reitumetse Obakeng; Madsen, Jean (Urban Education, 2003)
This article examines how intergroup differences within suburban desegregated schools affect the professional experiences of African American teachers. The culture within an organization strongly influences how European Americans will treat their minority counterparts. Because the majority establishes the work norms, a uniform set of rules and regulations by which people of color are expected to comply exists. Tensions of intergroup conflict become apparent among groups of teachers if only one or a few teachers of color are present in the entire school. Thus, African American teachers in these contexts are subjected to performance pressures, bear the burden of representing their race, and become role entrapped.
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Progressive Vision Loss in a Man from Cameroon - Mackowiak, Philip A. (Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2003)
Diagnosis: Onchocerciasis (river blindness) and Mansonella species infection. Onchocerciasis, or blindness, is caused by the filarial parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Onchocerciasis is a major cause of worldwide. 0. volvulus infects 20 million people in West, Central, and East Africa and 1 million people in Central and South America. The infection is characterized by itchy dermatitis, subcutaneous nodules, keratitis, and chorioretinitis [1]. Onchocerciasis is transmitted in rural areas by Simulium species blackflies that breed in rapidly flowing, well-oxygenated rivers and streams, and the high prevalence of infection in agrarian communities located near rivers has led to the common name for the disease, river blindness [2, 3]. Microfilariae present in the skin are ingested by the blackflies when they feed, and the microfilariae then develop into infective larvae. Transmission of larvae occurs when the fly takes its next blood meal.
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Emancipatory Indigenous Knowledge Systems: implications for environmental education in South Africa - Maila, MW; Loubser, CP (South African Journal of Education, 2003)
Indigenous Knowledge also termed Traditional, Endogenous or Classical knowledge, often fails to contribute to the improvement of the quality of human life. This failure can be attributed purely to the lower status accorded to this type of knowledge in society. This knowledge is accorded low status because it belongs to a particular racial or ethnic group which often, it is assumed, lacks the necessary cultur al capital. Despite these negative perceptions of Indigenous Knowledge, there is a growing realisation that this knowledge is part of the global heritage and a national resource to be utilised for the benefit of all humanity. This article presents an argument that there is a major role to be played by Indigenous Knowledge Systems in education in general and environmental education in particular. Environmental education as stated in the Brundtland Commission, the South African Environmental Education Policy Initiative (EEPI), and the NGO Form Principles, is seen as a key process that could enhance Indigenous Knowledge in formal education. The article further argues that the production of Indigenous Knowledge is contextually grounded through social constructivist approaches. However, it has the potential to be contextually and widely used. South African Journal of Education Vol.23(4) 2003: 276-280
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Shoptalk: Teaching and Learning in an African American Hair Salon - Majors, Yolanda J. (Mind, Culture, and Activity, 2003)
This study examines ways of speaking, performing, and reasoning within an urban, African American hair salon. I argue here that participants within the salon, through participation, collaboration, and negotiation, construct and transmit their understandings of the world within systems of activity. By identifying how members of the community hair salon use cultural resources and institutional technologies, co-construct knowledge, and change and develop through their participation in activity, my aim is to draw a better understanding of how learning takes place outside of the classroom. By identifying the labor-related activities within the hair salon, the participation structures which support these activities, and the socially shared, cultural funds of knowledge, I hope to make visible certain mediating structures that support culturally relevant learning and teaching in the African American community.
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Mass chemotherapy within schools: An evaluationof rapid operational diagnostic methods of Schistosoma mansoni in schools around Lake Victoria, Uganda - Mathieson, William (Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2003)
Journal Article Mass chemotherapy within schools: An evaluationof rapid operational diagnostic methods of Schistosoma mansoni in schools around Lake Victoria, Uganda Get access W. Mathieson W. Mathieson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 97, Issue 6, November-December 2003, Pages 628–629, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(03)80076-7 Published: 01 November 2003
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[Validation of the French version of the Raine schizotypal personality questionnaire in a population of Tunisian students]. - Mechri, Anwar; Gassab, L.; Dumas, Patick; Saoud, M.; Gutknecht, Crystel; Zaâfrane, F.; Khiari, G.; d’Amato, Thierry; Daléry, J; Gaha, L. (PubMed, 2003)
Schizotypal personality disorder is considered as a marquer of schizophrenia proneness. In opposition at other self report measures of schizotypal personality disorder, the "Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire" (SPQ) developed by Raine, assesses all nine features of this disorder. The aims of this study is to present the validation on the French version of the SPQ on Tunisian student sample. It consists on a transversal study directed from April to may 2000. The sample was compound of 198 healthy and voluntary students from the medical university of Monastir. The questionnaire has a high internal reliability (SPQ total: Cronbach's alpha = 0.91; SPQ nine subscales: Cronbach's alpha = 0.59 to 0.74). The ten percent high and low cutoffs for the top and the bottom ten percents of SPQ scores were respectively 42/74 and 10/74 for women, 42/74 and 7/74 for men and 42/74 et 9/74 for total sample. A principal component analysis revealed two main factors or dimensions of schizotypal personality disorder in our sample: positive dimension (made up of ideas of reference, magical thinking and unusual perceptual experiences) and a negative dimension (made up of no close friends, social anxiety and blunted affect). Our results were closely similar to these found by Raine and, other validation studies with SPQ. However some sociocultural aspects were found in our study.
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PERFORMANCE OF GRAIN AMARANTH VARIETIES UNDER DROUGHT STRESSED CONDITIONS IN TWO CONTRASTING AGRO-ECOLOGICAL AREAS IN MALAWI - Mng’omba, Simon A.; Kwapata, M.B.; Bokosi, JM (Acta horticulturae, 2003)
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Knowledge and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections among Nigerian female adolescent students - Moronkola, Ruth Ocha; Adio-Moses, Olawale Akanbi (Africa journal of nursing and midwifery, 2003)
The principal aim of this study of in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria, is to provide programme education related information about in-school female adolescent student's knowledge and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections.
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School Snacks Containing Animal Source Foods Improve Dietary Quality for Children in Rural Kenya - Murphy, Suzanne P.; Gewa, Constance; Liang, Li-Jung; Grillenberger, Monika; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Neumann, Charlotte G. (The Journal of Nutrition, 2003)
Provision of a snack at school could help alleviate the micronutrient malnutrition that is common among schoolchildren in developing countries. The Child Nutrition Project was designed to compare the efficacy of three school snacks in improving growth and cognitive function of children in rural Kenya. The snacks provided ∼20% of the children's energy requirement, and were composed of equicaloric portions of githeri (a vegetable stew) alone (Energy group), githeri plus milk (Milk group) or githeri plus meat (Meat group). A fourth group of children served as Controls. When nutrient intakes from three, 24-h dietary recalls collected before feeding were compared to three, 24-h recalls conducted after feeding began, intakes of vitamin B-12, riboflavin, vitamin A and calcium increased more in the Milk group than in the Control group, whereas intakes of vitamin B-12, vitamin A, calcium, available iron and available zinc increased more than those of Controls for children in the Meat group. At most of the time points examined, total energy intake increased more for the Meat group than for the other two feeding groups, because the additional energy provided by the Milk and Energy snacks was partially balanced by a decrease in the energy content of foods consumed at home. This decrease did not occur to the same extent for the Meat group, so both dietary quantity and dietary quality improved. For the Milk group, only dietary quality improved. For the Energy group, there were no significant changes in the total day's diet compared to the Control group.
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Religious Pluralism and Conflict as Issues in Religious Education in Uganda - Mwesigwa, Fred Sheldon (2003)
This study investigates the complications raised in teaching a confessional Religious Education in a multi-religious context pertaining in Ugandan religiously founded public schools, government and private founded schools. The thesis contends that the introduction of Islam, Anglican and Roman Catholic Christian religious traditions in Uganda not only presented alternative religious systems to the existing African traditional religion but ushered in an era of competition for converts that subsequently led to religious conflict. The thesis also submits the view that the missionary aim of formal education in Uganda led to the creation, not only of a denominational, but a divisive educational system. While the study commends the colonial government and the first independent government's efforts towards establishing a nondenominational educational system, it suggests that their failure to address the controversial questions raised by the nature of RE at the time was a missed opportunity. The study probes the current syllabuses, aims and content of CRE and IRE for secondary and primary schools and suggests that their main intention of promoting spiritual growth of students is inappropriate for implementation in the multi-religious schools. The thesis questions the government's proposed exclusion of RE from the education curriculum and its replacement with Moral Education. It suggests that while Moral Education could be a subject on its own, Religious Education needs to be maintained but re-designed to address the multi-religious context. It presents a multi-faith RE as the ideal format of teaching about religion.
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[Smoking habits, attitudes and knowledges of medical students of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology's Faculty of Dakar, Senegal]. - Ndiaye, Mor; Ndir, M; Quantin, Xavier; Démoly, P.; Godard, P.; Bousquet, J (PubMed, 2003)
Smoking is a public health problem that does not spare the medical profession. We set out to determine the prevalence of smoking in medical students in Dakar and to assess their attitudes and knowledge in the face of this problem.A cross sectional study was conducted by means of an auto-questionnaire among 1547 medical students between 3 and 31 May 2001. There were 1061 males (68.6%) and 486 females (31.4%).The overall prevalence of regular or occasional smoking was 34.6%, with 42.8% in the first cycle, 38% in the second and 19% in the third. It was significantly higher among males at 76.4%. The average age of starting smoking ranged from 10 to 22 years and average duration from 5 to 26 years. The influence of fashion was the most frequent initiating factor at 37.4% and 96.6% smoked commercial cigarettes. Nicotine dependence, assessed by the Fagerstrom score, was average in 59.3%, strong in 14% and very strong in 4.7%. 58.8% smoked in public places and 78.2% thought they could give up smoking within the next 5 years. 8.4% were unaware of the effects of tobacco on health and 20.5% of the relationship between tobacco and the diseases quoted. 37.7% of future doctors would not systematically avoid smoking in the presence of patients but 79% wished to ban advertising and 70.4% to ban the use of tobacco in hospitals. 94.4% of students wanted health care workers to be educated about the effects of smoking.Tobacco smoking among medical students has increased between 1989 (28.7%) and 2001 (35.6%). This observation should stimulate the establishment of a course on the pathology of tobacco smoking and the integration of education and prevention within the medical curriculum, increase the awareness of smokers and above all help them stop.
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Animal Source Foods Improve Dietary Quality, Micronutrient Status, Growth and Cognitive Function in Kenyan School Children: Background, Study Design and Baseline Findings - Neumann, Charlotte G.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Murphy, Suzanne P.; Sigman, Marian; Whaley, Shannon E.; Allen, Lindsay H.; Guthrie, Donald; Weiss, Robert E.; Demment, Montague W. (The Journal of nutrition (Print), 2003)
A previous longitudinal three-country study in Egypt, Kenya and Mexico found significant positive associations between intake of animal source foods (ASF) and growth, cognitive development and physical activity. To test for a causal relationship, a controlled school feeding intervention study was designed to test the hypotheses that ASF would improve micronutrient status, growth and cognitive function in Kenyan primary school children. Twelve rural Kenyan schools with 554 children were randomized to four feeding interventions using a local vegetable stew as the vehicle. The groups were designated as Meat, Milk, Energy and Control, who received no feedings. Feeding was carried out on school days for seven terms during 21 mo. Preintervention baseline measures included nutritional status, home food intake, anthropometry, biochemical measures of micronutrient status, malaria, intestinal parasites, health status and cognitive and behavioral measures. The measurements of each child were repeated at intervals over 2 y. Baseline data revealed stunting and underweight in approximately 30% of children and widespread inadequate intakes and/or biochemical evidence of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of iron, zinc, vitamins A and B-12, riboflavin and calcium. Little or no ASF were eaten and fat intake was low. Malaria was present in 31% of children, and hookworm, amebiasis and giardia were widely prevalent. The outcomes measured were rates of change or increase during the intervention in cognitive function, growth, physical activity and behavior and micronutrient status. Hierarchical linear random effects modeling was used for analysis of outcomes.
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Knowledge and practice of universal precautions among student nurses at a Nigerian teaching hospital - Ofili, S.O.; Sogbesan, A.N. (Africa journal of nursing and midwifery, 2003)
Student nurses are faced with occupational hazards such as needle pricks and blood borne infections in their day to day activities in the work place. This study is aimed at establishing the knowledge and practice of universal precautions among student nurses at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital.
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Drought in Eastern Africa - Ogallo, Laban; Odingo, Richard S (2003)
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Relationships between Mafic and Peralkaline Silicic Magmatism in Continental Rift Settings: a Petrological, Geochemical and Isotopic Study of the Gedemsa Volcano, Central Ethiopian Rift - Peccerillo, Angelo; Barberio, Marino Domenico; Yirgu, Gezahegn; Ayalew, Dereje; Barbieri, M. Adelaide; Wu, Tian (Journal of Petrology, 2003)
Petrological and geochemical data are reported for basalts and silicic peralkaline rocks from the Quaternary Gedemsa volcano, northern Ethiopian rift, with the aim of discussing the petrogenesis of peralkaline magmas and the significance of the Daly Gap occurring at local and regional scales. Incompatible element vs incompatible element diagrams display smooth positive trends; the isotope ratios of the silicic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0·70406–0·70719; 143Nd/144Nd = 0·51274–0·51279) encompass those of the mafic rocks. These data suggest a genetic link between rhyolites and basalts, but are not definitive in establishing whether silicic rocks are related to basalts through fractional crystallization or partial melting. Geochemical modelling of incompatible vs compatible elements excludes the possibility that peralkaline rhyolites are generated by melting of basaltic rocks, and indicates a derivation by fractional crystallization plus moderate assimilation of wall rocks (AFC) starting from trachytes; the latter have exceedingly low contents of compatible elements, which precludes a derivation by basalt melting. Continuous AFC from basalt to rhyolite, with small rates of crustal assimilation, best explains the geochemical data. This process generated a zoned magma chamber whose silicic upper part acted as a density filter for mafic magmas and was preferentially tapped; mafic magmas, ponding at the bottom, were erupted only during post-caldera stages, intensively mingled with silicic melts. The large number of caldera depressions found in the northern Ethiopian rift and their coincidence with zones of positive gravity anomalies suggest the occurrence of numerous magma chambers where evolutionary processes generated silicic peralkaline melts starting from mafic parental magmas. This suggests that the petrological and volcanological model proposed for Gedemsa may have regional significance, thus furnishing an explanation for the large-volume peralkaline ignimbrites in the Ethiopian rift.
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“Community Psychology is All Theory and No Practice”: Training Educational Psychologists in Community Practice within the South African Context - Pillay, Jace (South African Journal of Psychology, 2003)
Community psychology is often viewed as the answer to many of the social and psychological problems that exist in South Africa. However, there appears to be a gap in terms of how it should be integrated in the training of psychologists. A qualitative research design was used in this study to explore how this gap can be bridged by describing the training of educational psychologists in community psychology at a university in Gauteng. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with qualified and trainee educational psychologists. The interviews were transcribed and analysed for recurrent themes. The findings were demarcated into three distinctive thematic categories. In the first category, the principle of exclusion emerged as a consistent theme. In the second category, there were two major findings, namely that there was very little exposure to community psychology during the training and that most of the participants were actually self-taught in community psychology. The final category explores several recommendations made by the participants to improve the training of educational psychologists.
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Examining the Link between Neighborhood Cohesion and School Outcomes: The Role of Support Coping among African American Adolescent Girls - Plybon, Laura; Edwards, L.; Butler, Deborah A.; Belgrave, Faye Z.; Allison, Kevin W. (Journal of Black Psychology, 2003)
Using data from a sample of 84 urban, female, African American adolescents (mean age = 11.86 years), the present investigation examines neighborhood cohesion and parent and adult social support coping, singly and cooperatively, as resources for school achievement outcomes. Results support previous findings that positive perception of the neighborhood is directly and positively related to increased feelings of school self-efficacy and higher grades. Parent support coping predicted increased school self-efficacy. Furthermore, as neighborhood cohesion increased, the use of adult support coping increased. Further analyses demonstrated that students who were failing reported an increased use of teacher support coping as compared to students with passing grades. The authors discuss the implications of these findings in regard to mentoring programs.
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A staff development programme for merged and incorporated South African higher education institutions - Redelinghuys, Jacobus Nicolaas (2003)
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Negotiating borderlands: a study of music teaching and learning in Ghana, West Africa - Richardson, Carol P. (Music Education Research, 2003)
(2003). Negotiating borderlands: a study of music teaching and learning in Ghana, West Africa. Music Education Research: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 275-283.
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Progressive Vision Loss in a Man from Cameroon - Rio, Mariel del; Bansal, Ila; Maeda, Koichi; Skarf, Barry; Brar, Indira (Clinical infectious diseases, 2003)
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Reducing Substance Use Among African American Adolescents: Effectiveness of School-Based Health Centers - Robinson, W. L. (Clinical Psychology-science and Practice, 2003)
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The Second World War, the Army Education Scheme and the ‘discipline’ of the white poor in South Africa - Roos, Neil (History of Education, 2003)
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Ghana - Education Sector Project : environmental assessment - Services, Accra Gimpa Consultancy (2003)
This report outlines mitigation measures to be used to address potential negative environmental and social impacts for the Education Sector Project, which improves educational standards in Ghana. The measures outlined include the following: Plan construction work to avoid conflict with cultural and religious activities, seasonal migration, climatic conditions, and farming activities. To reduce erosion, avoid leaving site unused for a long period of time, time work to avoid rainy season, select level land or land with minimal slope, and landscape land surrounding project buildings. To reduce water pollution, have on-site mobile toilets and garbage cans. Fill in and drain burrow pits and improve landscaping of source of laterite and sand. Subject water to quality analysis initially to determine that it meets quality standards and test quality annually. Maintain professional work on the septic tanks and pits to avoid groundwater contamination. Use good housekeeping measures of sanitation facilities to minimize odors, flies, and pests. To reduce the spread of water-borne diseases, avoid stagnant water ponds, and prevent users from washing their bodies and articles close to the water point. Secure wells and boreholes by raising concrete barriers that are covered and locked. Select sites that do not affect water quality or interfere with the natural drainage pattern in the area or that . Reduce dust by frequent watering and using dust masks. Avoid occupational hazards and public accidents by marking materials and equipment and delimiting work areas, having workers wear protective gear ( including ear protection gadgets to block noise), give instructions for using, handling, storing, transporting, and disposing of hazardous substances (e.g., petroleum). Manage liquid waste by ensuring pupils use toilets and urinals, inspecting schools, and periodically emptying septic tanks. Manage solid waste by using garbage cans and garbage collection.
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Differences in African American and White College Students' Drinking Behaviors: Consequences, Harm Reduction Strategies, and Health Information Sources - Siebert, Darcy Clay; Wilke, Dina J.; Delva, Jorge; Smith, Michael P.; Howell, Richard L. (Journal of American College Health, 2003)
The authors explored the differences between African American and White college students' drinking behaviors and their attitudes toward consequences, harm-reduction strategies, and health information sources. They collected data from a randomly selected sample of 1,110 students in a large public university to examine the effects of a high-risk drinking prevention intervention. In the current analysis, they compared African American and White students on indicators of high-risk drinking, drinking consequences, harm-reduction strategies, the sources that students typically used for health information, and the believability of those sources. The African American students scored lower on drinking measures than the White students did, reported fewer negative consequences, and more regularly employed drinking-reduction strategies, with one exception–choosing a designated driver. Both African and White respondents reported that their parents were their most frequent and usual sources of health-related information and said that parents and health professionals were the most credible sources.
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Kenyan School Children Have Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies, but Increased Plasma Vitamin B-12 Is the Only Detectable Micronutrient Response to Meat or Milk Supplementation - Siekmann, Jonathan; Allen, Lindsay H.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Demment, Montague W.; Murphy, Suzanne P.; Neumann, Charlotte G. (The Journal of Nutrition, 2003)
Animal source foods (ASF) can provide micronutrients in greater amounts and more bioavailable forms compared to plant source foods, but their intake is low in many poor populations. However, the impact of ASF on micronutrient status of undernourished populations has not been assessed. Supplemental meat (60-85 g/d), milk (200-250 mL/d) or energy (isocaloric with the meat and milk, 240-300 kcal/d) were randomly assigned to 555 undernourished school children aged 5-14 y in a rural malaria-endemic area of Kenya, at one school meal daily for one school year. Blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y to assess stool parasites, malaria, hemoglobin, serum or plasma C-reactive protein, ferritin, iron, zinc, copper, vitamin B-12, folate and retinol, and erythrocyte riboflavin. At baseline, there was a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc, vitamins A and B-12 and riboflavin), yet plasma ferritin was low in few children, and none had low serum copper. At the end of the year of supplementation, plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations were significantly increased in children fed the Meat or Milk meal; prevalence of severe plus moderate deficiency fell from 80.7% at baseline to 64.1% in the Meat group and from 71.6 to 45.1% in the Milk group, respectively. No significant improvement was observed in the status of other micronutrients compared to the Energy and Control groups, although malaria and other infections may have obscured effects. Supplementation with small amounts of meat or milk reduced the high prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in these children.
openalex: W1956681855 mag: 1956681855
Keywords: openalex:import

Teaching Strategies used in Home Economics Classes at Colleges: Implications on Re-conceptualisation of Home Economics in Zimbabwe - Siyakwazi, P. (Journal of Educational Studies, 2003)
openalex: W2618899443 mag: 2618899443
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa - Tanser, Frank; Sharp, Brian; Sueur, D. Le (The Lancet, 2003)
Climate change is likely to affect transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. We quantitatively estimated current malaria exposure and assessed the potential effect of projected climate scenarios on malaria transmission.We produced a spatiotemporally validated (against 3791 parasite surveys) model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa. Using different climate scenarios from the Hadley Centre global climate model (HAD CM3) climate experiments, we projected the potential effect of climate change on transmission patterns.Our model showed sensitivity and specificity of 63% and 96%, respectively (within 1 month temporal accuracy), when compared with the parasite surveys. We estimate that on average there are 3.1 billion person-months of exposure (445 million people exposed) in Africa per year. The projected scenarios would estimate a 5-7% potential increase (mainly altitudinal) in malaria distribution with surprisingly little increase in the latitudinal extents of the disease by 2100. Of the overall potential increase (although transmission will decrease in some countries) of 16-28% in person-months of exposure (assuming a constant population), a large proportion will be seen in areas of existing transmission.The effect of projected climate change indicates that a prolonged transmission season is as important as geographical expansion in correct assessment of the effect of changes in transmission patterns. Our model constitutes a valid baseline against which climate scenarios can be assessed and interventions planned.
openalex: W2116311900 mag: 2116311900
Keywords: openalex:import

Causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in Ethiopia - Vedantham, Vasumathy (British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2003)
We read with great interest the article by Kello et al. 1 The authors have to be congratulated for the hard hitting and well written article. A current concern for people involved in paediatric eye care is the emergence of what is probably the third epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in developing countries.2,3 It is therefore significant that no case of ROP was found in the population screened in this study. Several factors could …
openalex: W2158831641 mag: 2158831641
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact of Dietary Intervention on the Cognitive Development of Kenyan School Children - Whaley, Shannon E.; Sigman, Marian; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Bwibo, Nimrod O.; Guthrie, Donald; Weiss, Robert E.; Alber, Susan; Murphy, Suzanne P. (The Journal of Nutrition, 2003)
Previous observational studies in developing countries have suggested that diet quality, particularly increased animal source food (ASF) consumption, is positively associated with child cognitive development. This report presents findings from a study in rural Kenya, designed to test the impact of three different diets on the cognitive development of school children. Twelve schools with a total of 555 Standard 1 children (equivalent to U.S. Grade 1) were randomized to one of four feeding interventions: Meat, Milk, Energy or Control (no feeding). Feeding continued for seven school terms (21 mo), and cognitive tests were administered before the commencement of feeding and during every other term of feeding. Hierarchical linear random effects models and associated methods were used to examine the effects of treatment group on changes in cognitive performance over time. Analyses revealed that children receiving supplemental food with meat significantly outperformed all other children on the Raven's Progressive Matrices. Children supplemented with meat, and children supplemented with energy, outperformed children in the Control group on tests of arithmetic ability. There were no group differences on tests of verbal comprehension. Results suggest that supplementation with animal source food has positive effects on Kenyan children's cognitive performance. However, these effects are not equivalent across all domains of cognitive functioning, nor did different forms of animal source foods produce the same beneficial effects. Implications of these findings for supplementation programs in developing countries are discussed.
openalex: W1938401029 mag: 1938401029
Keywords: openalex:import

Racial Identity and the MMPI in African American Male College Students. - Whatley, P. Richard; Allen, James; Dana, Richard H. (Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2003)
The relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to the Racial Identity Attitude Scale–Black, Short Form (RIAS-B) was examined among 50 African American male college students in a reanalysis of unpublished MMPI data described in R. H. Dana (1993). This permitted study of relationships between MMPI scores and specific psychological variables hypothesized to produce cultural differences among African Americans. Results indicated RIAS-B scale scores functioned as predictors of MMPI scale scores. Similar research with the MMPI-2 incorporating larger samples that more adequately represent African American heterogeneity is needed. Methodological implications of these findings for MMPI-2 research with ethnic and racial groups are discussed, emphasizing the importance of research to depathologize African American racial and cultural identity.
openalex: W2053665793 mag: 2053665793
Keywords: openalex:import

Factors that Promote and Inhibit the Academic Achievement of Rural Elementary African American Males in a Mississippi School: A Qualitative Study. - Wilson-Jones, Linda (2003)
This study investigated factors that promote and inhibit the academic success of elementary African American males in grades 3 through 6 in a rural school in Mississippi. The qualitative study analyzed interview data gathered in 6 face-toface interviews with 16 African American males over a 3-month period in the 2002-2003 academic year. All students were regular education students between 8 and 13 years old. The interviews focused on home and school experiences and how these two environments affected their academic success. Findings reveal that academic assistance and parental involvement were primary factors supporting and promoting their academic success. In addition, classroom distractions, study habits, problems at school, and school safety concerns were inhibitors of their academic success. Among students who did not perform well academically, early literacy activities had not been a substantial part of their preschool experiences. Recommendations growing from the study included a similar study with African American males from different parts of the United States and a replication with African American girls to compare their responses to see if they have the same viewpoints related to academic success and failure. (Contains 24 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Impfeventent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 12.11<i's'document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quatity. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
openalex: W1541928446 mag: 1541928446
Keywords: openalex:import

The Impact Of The Economic Structural Adjustment Programme On Education In Zimbabwe - Zvobgo, Rungano Jonas (2003)
A ZBTE article on the impact of SAPS (Stractural Adjustment Programs) on Zimbabwean education.
openalex: W110845617 mag: 110845617
Keywords: openalex:import

Teacher attrition and absenteeism in Zambia - Mulcahy-Dunn, Amy; Herstein, Jonathan; Dunn, Stephen P.; Sevilla, Maribel (2003)
openalex: W2802367000 mag: 2802367000
Keywords: openalex:import

Towards a more Objective Evaluation of EFL Teacher Training in Algeria - Bel-Abbes, Ouerrad Bel-Abbes Ouerrad (Revue Maghrébine des Langues, 2003)
openalex: W2913267329 mag: 2913267329
Keywords: openalex:import

The Educational Policy of Training and the Educational Reforms in Algeria - Mohamed, Melouk (Revue Maghrébine des Langues, 2003)
openalex: W2911579473 mag: 2911579473
Keywords: openalex:import

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, RESOURCE SCARCITY AND CHILDREN'S WELFARE IN MALAWI: SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL PROGRESS, AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH - Nankhuni, Flora J. (2003)
openalex: W2401535266 mag: 2401535266
Keywords: openalex:import

Education to Subordinate-Education to Liberate. An Historical Study of the Dual Role of Education for African Americans, 1865-1968 - Emerson, Diane Eugenia (2003)
openalex: W2512714712 mag: 2512714712
Keywords: openalex:import

The predictive validity of the selection battery used for junior leader training within the South African national defence force - Müller, Johannes; Schepers, J. M. (SA journal of industrial psychology (Print), 2003)
The principal objective of the study was to determine the predictive validity of the test battery used for the selection of junior leaders in the South African National Defence Force. A sample of 96 respondents completed certain indices of the SPEEX-Battery as well as the Advanced Ravens Progressive Matrices test. The test results were compared with the course results. Using canonical correlation analysis, a highly significant relationship was found between the independent variables and the dependent variables (r = 0,787; p is less than 0,00005). The predictors with the highest loadings were cognitive ability, conceptualisation, reading comprehension, listening potential, physical stress, and mental stress. Opsomming Die hoofdoelwit van die studie was om die voorspellingsgeldigheid van die toetsbattery vir keuring van junior leiers in die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te evalueer. ’n Steekproef van 96 respondente het sekere indekse van die SPEEX-Battery asook die Advanced Ravens Progressive Matrices toets voltooi. Die toetsresultate is vervolgens vergelyk met die kursusuitslae. Die veranderlikes is aan kanoniese korrelasie-ontleding onderwerp wat ’n betekenisvolle verwantskap opgelewer het tussen die onafhanklike veranderlikes en die afhanklike veranderlikes (r = 0,787; p is kleiner as 0,00005). Die voorspellers met die hoogste ladings was kognitiewe vermoë, konseptualisering, leesbegrip, luisterpotensiaal, fisieke stres en psigiese stres.
openalex: W2147222179 mag: 2147222179
Keywords: openalex:import

Polyparasitism with Schistosoma haematobium and soil‐transmitted helminth infections among school children in Loum, Cameroon - Tchuenté, L-A Tchuem; Behnke, Jerzy M.; Gilbert, Francis; Southgate, V. R.; Vercruysse, Jozef (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2003)
Prevalence and abundance of Schistosoma haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) were assessed among a total of 1600 pupils (urine, n = 1190; faecal samples, n = 1454) attending five schools in Loum, Littoral Province, Cameroon, with the specific aim of assessing the extent of polyparasitism and the extent to which infections were focused in particular subsets of the study group. Prevalence of S. haematobium was 62.8% with an abundance (arithmetic mean of egg counts) of 54 eggs/10 ml urine. For the STH these were 47.7% and 619 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) for Trichuris trichiura, 65.5% and 3636 EPG for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 1.4% and <0.1 EPG for hookworms. Most children (90.3%) were infected with at least one of these four species, the largest proportion (34.3%) carrying two species; 27.4% carried three and 1.1% carried concurrently all four species of parasites. The average number of species harboured increased with age, as did the prevalences of S. haematobium and T. trichiura but not that of A. lumbricoides. All STH showed marked differences in prevalence between the five schools but only T. trichiura varied significantly between sexes. Mean abundance of infection varied significantly between age classes, among schools and between the sexes, with females showing heavier mean EPGs for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura and males higher mean eggs/10 ml urine for S. haematobium infections. A highly significant association was detected between A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, that was not context-dependent. This was confirmed in quantitative analyses after controlling for differences in abundance between schools, sexes and age classes. A weaker context-dependent association (prevalence data) was detected between S. haematobium and A. lumbricoides (sex- and age-dependent) but quantitative associations between these two species, as well as between S. haematobium and T. trichiura, were not convincing.
openalex: W2062354252 mag: 2062354252
Keywords: openalex:import

Gender differences in the prevalence of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in Mauritius. Does sex matter? - Williams, John W; Zimmet, Paul; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Courten, Maximilian P. de; Cameron, Adrian J.; Chitson, Pierrot; Tuomilehto, J.; Alberti, K. G. M. M. (Diabetic Medicine, 2003)
To examine gender differences in the characteristics and prevalence of various categories of glucose tolerance in a population study in Mauritius.In 1998, a community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mauritius. Categories of glucose metabolism were determined in 5388 adults, with an oral glucose tolerance test given to those who did not have previously diagnosed diabetes (n=4036). Other cardiovascular risk factors were assessed among those without known diabetes.For men and women the prevalence of diabetes (22.0 vs. 21.8%, respectively) and the prevalence of coexisting impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (3.2 vs. 2.9%) were similar. However, men were twice as likely as women to have isolated IFG [5.1% (4.2-6.0) vs. 2.9% (2.3-3.5)], despite being younger, thinner and with lower plasma insulin but higher lipids. Conversely, the prevalence of isolated IGT was lower in men [9.0% (7.9-10.2) vs. 13.9% (12.6-15.1)]. Among non-diabetic individuals, fasting glucose was higher in men than women, whereas 2-h glucose was higher in women. In people without diabetes, women had significantly higher body mass index, beta cell function (HOMA-B), fasting and 2-h insulin than men and significantly lower waist-hip ratios, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and triglycerides.In Mauritius, the distribution of impaired glucose metabolism differs by sex. The observation that IFG is more prevalent in men and IGT more prevalent in women raises important questions about their underlying aetiology and the ability of the current glucose thresholds to equally identify men and women at high-risk of developing diabetes. IFG should be seen as a complimentary category of abnormal glucose tolerance, rather than a replacement for IGT.
openalex: W2015552976 mag: 2015552976
Keywords: openalex:import