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Codeswitching is an important interactional resource in South Africa's multilingual and multicultural society. This article discusses the incidence of codeswitching in primary schools and examines the speakers' motivations for employing codeswitching. The data is drawn from conversations in both formal (classroom) and informal (playground) situations and the discussion is informed by current theoretical frameworks in codeswitching research. The implications of codeswitching for education in South Africa are considered.

The structure of an education system and its curricula reflects the influence of a specific paradigm. Since the onset of colonial rule and apartheid in South Africa about everything in the South African society, including the education system and curricular issues in particular, have been shaped in accordance with the macro paradigm: the modern Western paradigm. The emergence of a new paradigm: the postmodern paradigm, created the possibility of a new order of thinking which influenced all...

Background Unintentional weight loss of > 10% contributes to morbidity and mortality in HIV‐infected patients. In poorer developing countries, cost‐effective options to promote weight gain are extremely limited. Methods We conducted a pilot study of the effect of nutritional education and dietary counselling on body weight in 90 HIV/AIDS patients. Education entailed principles of healthy eating, socioeconomics of nutrition, food safety, and symptom‐related dietary guidelines. Other...

Given heterosexual transmission and mother to child transmission, AIDS often strikes more than once within the same family. This is debilitating but can also be a learning experience for carers whose knowledge might then be a resource for the community. This article describes a pilot study into the experience of 21 main care providers in families with chronically ill people suffering mainly from AIDS, each one having cared for and supported more than one patient. During the study 46 out of...

J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:1101-8.

Extracted from text ... The Classroom Struggle: Policy and Resistance in South Africa 1940-1990 Jonathan Hyssop Pietermaritzburg: A university of Natal Press, 1999 189pp ISBN 0 86980 952 0 R89.00 There is a saying that when authors deal with complex issues and institutions they tend to narrowly focus on the trees so that they fail to see and explain the forest and the forces that maintain it. On the other hand some authors do the opposite and pay undue attention to the forest and...

This study was conducted in Benin City, Nigeria between June and August 1996 to assess nutritional status and health risks of three to five-year-old children, with the view to suggesting practical approaches to their early detection and intervention. A total of 165 children comprising 90 males and 75 females was studied. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-age (WFA), weight-for-height (WFH) and height-for-age (HFA) z-scores were determined and used to calculate percentage preva...

Development of nursing education in Ghana between 1957 and 1970 is characterized by dynamic change and growth. Published manuscripts, personal interviews, and letters were used to analyze evolution of nursing education during this period. Following independence in 1957, developments in nursing education continued to be strongly influenced by external organizations and their designated experts. Policies, such as the local training of nurses and Africanization, provided impetus for nurses to...

Four important health behaviours – dietary fat avoidance, regular exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption - were assessed by questionnaire, together with measures of risk awareness, beliefs about the importance of each behaviour for health, health status, health locus and health value. The sample included 793 Black University students from non-health courses chosen at random from the University of the North, South Africa. The students were 370 (46.7%) males and 423 (53.3%) females in the...

A questionnaire was administered to 160 black school teachers randomly chosen from one rural region of the Northern Province of South Africa. Their ages ranged from 26 to 57 years. Scores indicated very poor general knowledge about transmission of HIV/AIDS and moderately high supportive attitudes about dealing with HIV inside and outside of the classroom. Pearson product-moment correlations of .3 and .6 suggested weak association of knowledge about transmission and general knowledge with a supportive attitude.

A case study focused on the perspectives of a low-income, African American mother of a child with disabilities was presented. How an African American parent may begin to perceive characteristics of special education services and aspects of professional behavior as problematic was discussed as was her growing dissatisfaction with the services and eventual decision to withdraw her participation in the special education process The mother's perspective on specific encounters with professionals...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-wk exercise training program in a predominantly African-American group of stroke survivors with multiple comorbidities.A lag-control group design was employed to provide training to all participants (N = 35). Two 12-wk training iterations were arranged. Participants trained 3 d x wk(-1) for 60 min x d(-1) (cardiovascular, 30 min; strength, 20 min; flexibility, 10 min). Outcome measures included peak VO2 (mL x min(-1), mL x kg(-1)...

This study undertakes an innovative approach to confound the public‐private paradigm prevalent which predominates in the literature on women and community in the developing world. It utilizes the concept of life options as formulated by Janet Z. Giele—which serves as the dependent variables in the analysis. Women's roles and status—as measured by these life options—are seen as structurally determined by state ideology (regime orientations and juridical system), level and type of economic...

Historiography of the Bènizàa: The Postclassic and Early Colonial Periods (1000–600 A.D.). Michel Oudijk. CNWS Publications, Vol. 84. Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies, Univeriteit Leiden, Leiden, 2000. x + 345 pp., figures, maps, appendices, bibliography, (paper). - Volume 11 Issue 4

Die houdings van Sotho, Engelse en Afrikaanse hoërskoolleerlinge teenoor verskillende variëteite van Swart Suid-Afrikaanse Engels (SSAE) word in hierdie artikel ondersoek. In die lig van die veranderende status van sprekers van SSAE, ten minste in die oë van swart gebruikers van Engels in Suid-Afrika, word daar verwag dat die status van SSAE sal verhoog. Daar word bevind dat SSAE wel verhoogde aansien in die oë van die Sotho-deelnemers geniet, maar dat die Afrikaanse en Engelse deelnemers...

Untimed Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) were administered to 309 17- to 23-year-old students at the University of the Witwatersrand and the Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, South Africa (173 Africans, 136 Whites; 205 women, 104 men). African students solved an average of 44 of the 60 problems whereas White students solved an average of 54 of the problems (p<.001). By the standards of the 1993 US normative sample, the African university students scored at the 14th...

Ascorbic acid is preferentially concentrated in the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands. Its level in the acini of salivary glands is relatively high. We therefore hypothesized that ascorbate may have a role in salivary gland function. Ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs had lower stimulated whole salivary flow rates than well-fed, age-matched controls (P < 0.005). Total salivary protein concentration was also markedly (P < 0.005) reduced in the deficient guinea pigs. SDS-PAGE and...

This study explored the effects of urban/rural background, gender, education and age on the way Zulu South Africans (N = 140) perceive, understand and respond to dreams. Results showed that the lives of rural subjects were significantly more influenced by dreams than urban subjects, particularly in terms of consulting dream interpreters and acting in response to dreams. Significantly more men than women reported experiencing dreams as communication with ancestors, and regarded these dreams...