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Rainfall data from 14 stations (cities, towns and major villages) spanning 26 years (1970 to 1995) were used to calculate reliability and vulnerability of rainfall in Botswana.Time series data for 72 years were generated from the long-term rainfall gauging stations and the number of wet and dry years determined.Apart from Mahalapye, most places have rainfall reliability greater than 0.5 but less than 0.7.Palapye and Serowe are the most vulnerable to flooding.During the 1995 floods, 87% of...

Rainfall data from 14 stations (cities, towns and major villages) spanning 26 years (1970 to 1995) were used to calculate reliability and vulnerability of rainfall in Botswana.Time series data for 72 years were generated from the long-term rainfall gauging stations and the number of wet and dry years determined.Apart from Mahalapye, most places have rainfall reliability greater than 0.5 but less than 0.7.Palapye and Serowe are the most vulnerable to flooding.During the 1995 floods, 87% of...

In Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia and India, the private Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector is expanding rapidly. This chapter outlines the extent to which distance education, defined as predominantly off-campus study, has permeated the provision of VET among for-profit providers, corporate universities, certification providers, and the commercial arms of public providers. Many of the for-profits are both VET and degree-level institutions and it is difficult to extricate reliable...

The Namibian National Policy on HIV/AIDS for the Education Sector, adopted in 2003, provides a framework for prevention, care, and support for both learners and employees in the education sector and for the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on learners and employees, as well as on the education sector itself.

In Brief Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the receptivity for probiotic products among premenopausal female students in an African university. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine the local knowledge in Nigeria of probiotics and the willingness of young women to use them should they be introduced. Study: Closed-ended questionnaires were administered to a sample of 280 participants and these addressed age, marital status, perceived risk of HIV infection for the...

This paper reports on findings from a recent collaborative participatory action research study that involved a group of teachers from two Kenyan schools in a review and development of interpretation resources and materials. It focuses on an engaging process between teachers and non-formal educators in which interpretive capital (the tools and skills of interpretation) were socially constructed, shared and made available for the transformation of school grounds to foster environmental...

The morbid effects of urinary bilharziasis are becoming more evident with the advent of sophisticated diagnostics such as ultrasound. However, such diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium morbidity is often hampered by lack of funds, proper equipment, or training.We performed a cross-sectional investigation of schoolchildren in a highly endemic area of east central Zimbabwe in order to assess the utility of a number of simple clinical indicators to predict Schistosoma haematobium...

It is generally agreed that social environments influence the success of health education but there is less agreement about what constitutes a health‐enabling community context. Focuses on the processes underlying successful peer education. Outlines a case study conducted by the author of a schools‐based peer education and condom distribution programme for HIV prevention in a school setting. Identifies a number of obstacles to the development of new peer norms, youth empowerment and critical...

We examine the impact of orphanhood on children's school enrollment in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. Although poorer children in Africa are less likely to attend school, the lower enrollment of orphans is not accounted for solely by their poverty. We find that orphans are less likely to be enrolled than are nonorphans with whom they live. Consistent with Hamilton's rule, the theory that the closeness of biological ties governs altruistic behavior, outcomes for orphans depend on the...

Abstract Objective: To describe a programme catalyzing the development of emergency medicine in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods: Five emergency physicians rotated through a new position of Senior Lecturer in Emergency Medicine in the University of PNG during 2003. The position was established as a consequence of emergency physician input supported by AusAID in 2002. Results: Fifth (final)‐year medical students and medical officers in the Emergency Department at Port Moresby General Hospital...

A large literature examines the link between shocks to households and the educational attainment of children. The authors use new data to estimate the impact of shocks to teachers on student learning in mathematics and English. Using absenteeism in the 30 days preceding the survey as a measure of these shocks they find large impacts: A 5 percent increase in the teacher's absence rate reduces learning by 4 to 8 percent of average gains over the year. This reduction in learning achievement...

The debate on the relative benefits of upper secondary vocational education and of general education is still going. While this area of research has been very active in the United States and industrialized countries in recent years, empirical work in the Middle East countries still lacking. This study adds new evidence to that debate. The paper identifies factors that influence an individual’s choice between vocational and general education in Egypt as well as the relative returns between...

Abstract In this study, I used a life-table approach to estimate how much hypothetical reductions in pregnancy-related dropouts would help close the gender gap in educational attainment. Using the schooling histories of 6,686 pupils, I partitioned Cameroon’s gender gap in education into “pregnancy-related” and “non-pregnancy-related” components and simulated the impact of reductions in pregnancy-related dropouts on this gap. The results suggest that such reductions would have substantial...

Banked blood is a limited resource in Nigeria. We sought to evaluate factors that may further limit the effective utilisation of donor blood in a tertiary hospital in Benin City. The records of the blood transfusion unit of the hospital were studied to identify the methods of blood procurement and utilisation from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2002. A total of 11,021 units of blood were received in the blood transfusion unit within this period out of which 1491 (13.5%) donor blood samples...

The authors examined school discipline problems in relation to academic and interpersonal characteristics of students in a middle school of a rural low-income community. The sample comprised 259 students (83 boys, 176 girls)—all of whom were African American—and reflected the community's public school attendance. School records were examined, and students were identified as having no offenses, minor offenses, or major offenses. More than 50% of the girls had no offenses, and fewer than 20%...

These multiple framings of our reflections on environmental education research in southern Africa are written as dilemmas of interpretation that aim to disrupt any temptation to generalise or essentialise its qualities and characteristics. Recognising that research is a textual practice, we use J. M. Coetzee's portrayal of the dilemmas faced by African novelists as a point of departure in reflecting on the changing landscape of environmental education research in southern Africa as we have...

An exploratory study was conducted examining Internet usage among African-American college students. The study examined both psychosocial correlates, including technological anxiety and racial identity as well as socioeconomic measures, as they impacted Internet usage. Additionally, three distinct measures of Internet usage, thin access, thick access and the Internet Connectedness Index (ICI), were used as criterion variables in three separate multiple regression analysis (MRA) models. The...