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Abstract Abstract An investigation of hydrological droughts has been conducted, based on the truncation level approach: each drought event is characterized by its duration and deficit volume. The truncation level is defined to reflect the expected natural water availability and, therefore, is evaluated monthly as a fixed percentile of the monthly flow-duration curve. Thus, the problem of expected zero flow of ephemeral rivers during the dry season is taken care of. The data material consists...

Caerphilly Cheese making procedure was modified to suit the conditions and kitchen environment of the average Cameroonian household. Cheese making trials were carried out for over a period of twelve months. Results show that the ripening time for milk increased from 45 minutes to 60 minutes; curd formation time from 45-60 minutes to 60 - 90 minutes, scalding temperatures, method of draining, salting, pressing and maturation temperature have been modified (Fig.1). The acid development pattern...

Currently, emergency contraception is seldom used in Kenya. As part of a larger study designed to provide insight into the possible roles for the method in Kenya, we assessed the knowledge of and attitudes towards emergency contraception in two groups of potential users, and we focus on these data specifically in this paper. We interviewed clustered samples of clients at ten family planning clinics in Nairobi (n = 282) and conducted four focus group discussions with students at two...

The University of the Witwatersrand School of Social Work in South Africa did not teach social policy training during the years of apartheid, and although social policy is integrated into some courses, there still are no social policy training courses being offered. This article discusses the importance and need for social policy to be integrated into the curriculum as a core course. Implications for students and the country as a whole are discussed.

The role of education in development is widely recognized in many countries. However, the value placed on formal education differs from one community to the next. In this paper I argue that among the Borana pastoralists of Marsabit District, Kenya, the value of formal education is based on wage-labor opportunities. High value placed on women's household labor and low accessibility to non-household employment places differential pres- sure on the education of Borana children. This leads to a...

Thirteen cases of advanced abdominal pregnancy (AAP) managed at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana, over a two-year period (1993-1994) are presented. An incidence ratio of one advanced abdominal pregnancy to 1,320 deliveries occurred during this period. The ratio of advanced abdominal pregnancy to ectopic pregnancy was 1:43.7. The perinatal mortality rate and maternal case fatality rates were 69.6% and 15.3% respectively. Recurrent abdominal pains in the gravid patient...

Research on the institutional choice of ethnic minority graduate students flourished in the 1990s, however, such studies tended to combine master's and doctoral students with no delineation between the two. Utilizing a national random sample, this study identifies factors that influence African American students' decisions to apply to and attend doctoral programs in higher education administration. Results indicate that respondents are influenced by academic quality, academic infrastructure,...

This paper describes a 2-month project developed by Sage Colleges (New York) and University of Capetown Medical School in South Africa to help medical faculty at Capetown Medical School teach its newly diverse student body. The program is intended to improve student retention and it emphasizes need for faculty to assure students coming from nonacademic of their competence and to celebrate multicultural diversity in higher education. The paper offers narratives and descriptions of weekly...

In a new South African dispensation, the reconstruction of a national education system necessitates fundamental change to existing educational policies and practices. Seen as a cultural kaleidoscope or ethnic mosaic of peoples, modern South African society can be characterised as being multicultural. It stands to reason, therefore, that multicultural education for a new multicultural South Africa has become a logical, outcomes-based necessity. The extent to which multicultural education will...

Research Article| April 01, 2000 THE RESPONSE OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AND OSTRACODS TO VARIOUS POLLUTION SOURCES: A STUDY FROM TWO LAGOONS IN EGYPT Ashraf M. Samir Ashraf M. Samir Department of Geology, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Ashraf M. Samir Department of Geology, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21526, Alexandria, Egypt Publisher: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal...

Pollution resulting from increased human activities is threatening Lake Victoria, its effects being characterised by eutrophication and the occurrence of dramatically low dissolved oxygen levels. This study applies a system of pollution inventory methods to estimate waste loads from pollution sources on the basis of functional variables and pollution intensities. Penetration factors are used to incorporate the effects of treatment facilities and of natural ‘purification’ in rivers and...

We examined the effectiveness of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to attenuate cochlear damage from intense noise stress. Subjects were exposed to 115 dB SPL one octave band noise centered at 4 kHz for 5 h. They received artificial perilymph with or without GDNF into the left scala tympani at 0.5 microliter/h from 4 days before noise exposure through 8 days following noise exposure. Different concentrations of GDNF (1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1 microgram/ml) were...

A high-resolution, multiproxy palaeolimnological record from the Manga Grasslands, northeastern Nigeria, spanning the last 5500 calendar years, reveals the episodic deterioration in Sahelian climate as significant biogeophysical thresholds were crossed. Desert-dust deposition began to increase 4700 cal. BP. Rainfall during the summer-monsoon season declined permanently after 4100 cal. BP. A further significant change in atmospheric circulation, giving rise to multidecadal to centennial-scale...

OBJECTIVE: Changes in the ability of midwives to perform practical skills, after completion of the Maternal Care Manual of the Perinatal Education Program, were determined. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, controlled trial in a study town and two control towns. The practical skills of midwives caring for pregnant women in the towns were determined. Subsequently, the Maternal Care Manual was studied by midwives in the study town, and the skills of all midwives were subsequently evaluated....

School disciplinary practices for students with disabilities and their peers without disabilities have long been questioned. Moreover, the school discipline of both dominant culture and ethnic minority children and youth has raised concerns. In that regard school discipline has in general become a hotbed for litigation and debate. While suspect discipline practices have been used with students across ethnic backgrounds, they are disproportionately meted out to African American students,...

School disciplinary practices for students with disabilities and their peers without disabilities have long been questioned. Moreover, the school discipline of both dominant culture and ethnic minority children and youth has raised concerns. In that regard school discipline has in general become a hotbed for litigation and debate. While suspect discipline practices have been used with students across ethnic backgrounds, they are disproportionately meted out to African American students,...