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The Equality of Educational Opportunity survey (aka the Coleman Report), published in 1966 in the USA, is arguably the fountainhead of the debate promulgated within the economics of education and allied disciplines concerning the efficacy of schooling. The debate was largely due to the primary conclusion of the Coleman Report that school inputs (other than student demographics) explain little, if any, of the variance in student performance, with the implication that more money was not the...

The evolution of Rwanda’s language policies since 1996 has played and continues to play a critical role in social reconstruction following war and genocide. Rwanda’s new English language policy aims to drop French and install English as the only language of instruction. The policy-makers frame the change as a major factor in the success of social and education reforms aimed at promoting reconciliation and peace and increasing Rwanda’s participation in global economic development. However, in...

Background: Trabeculectomy is the commonest surgical procedure for glaucoma.The outcome of trabeculectomy in the treatment of all types of glaucoma over a 4-year period in a Nigerian population was reviewed.Objective: To determine the surgical rate and effectiveness of trabeculectomy in lowering of intra ocular pressure (IOP) and preservation of visual acuity.Methods: Retrospective review of all trabeculectomies (TEs) done at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife between...

The study examined the air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of six plant species around Otorogun gas plant in Ughelli-South Local Government Area of Delta State.Four physiological and biochemical parameters, which are leaf relative water content (RWC), Ascorbic acid content (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (TCh) and leaf extract pH were used to compute the APTI values.The result showed order of tolerance as Emilia Samtifolia (1.49%)> Manihot esculenta (2.19%)> Elaesis guineensis (2.41%)>...

Although South Africa is committed to a policy of linguistic diversity, the language-in-education policy is still plagued by the racialization of language issues under apartheid and, more recently, by new challenges posed by internal African migration. Drawing on the experience of a school in the Western Cape Province, this paper explores the role of language profiles in a speaker-centered approach to school language policy. Attention is paid to the ways in which the attribution of learners...

The voices of the main stakeholders in literacy and schooling – pupils and parents – have seldom been given adequate space in studies of school and classroom discourse in sub-Saharan Africa. The present paper attempts to redress this imbalance by presenting the voices of pupils from a multilingual urban primary school in Ghana and of parents from a rural bilingual school in Zimbabwe. The Ghanaian study highlights challenges associated with using an unfamiliar language, English, as the medium...

To determine the singleton preterm birth rate, the relative proportions of the clinical categories of preterm births and to compare the outcomes in these categories.Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Preterm births from 1(st) July to 31(st) December 2003.Out of a total of 4731 singleton births 440 were preterm, giving a preterm birth rate of 9.3%. One hundred and eighty-five (42%, [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.4%, 46.8%]) preterm births followed spontaneous...

Language plays a vital role in personal, community, social and economic development. It represents a primary means through which people build their stocks of knowledge, awarenesses, capabilities an...

The role of African languages in formal and nonformal learning is the subject of increasing local, national and international interests. Cognitive and pedagogical reasons abound for using the language best understood by the learner. However, many nonpedagogical factors related to politics, economics, language attitudes and colonial history are also extremely influential as decisions are made regarding language of instruction. Among the various stakeholders in this issue of language choice...

A study of the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from the nasal cavities of patients with pneumonia attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria was conducted. The survey revealed S. aureus to be the most predominant cause of Staphylococcal pneumonia with an occurrence rate of 38.5%. Other microorganisms encountered includedStaphylococcus epididermis , Streptococcus viridans and Brahamella catarrhalis . Patients in age group 1 - 5 years had...

This brief report assesses the impact of community birth attendant training and explores barriers to safe delivery in rural Madagascar. We assessed the knowledge of 25 community birth attendants using interviewer-administered questionnaires and explored attitudes to delivery in 4 focus groups of 10 women of reproductive age and 1 focus group of 10 birth attendants. We found a mismatch between hygiene knowledge and reported practice. Clinical experience appears to reinforce training to...

Frequent droughts and sub-optimal crop management have been identified as the principal constraints on agricultural intensification in the Sahel. A new model, the Crop Model for Sahelian Adaptation Studies (CROMSAS), was developed to examine the influence of climatic variability, climate change and crop management strategies on millet yields. To improve the simulation of environmental stresses, several original features were implemented including a new leaf expansion methodology,...

ObjectifÉtablir la validité de la version Yoruba de l'échelle d'handicap de Londres (LHS).Le LHS est une mesure valide et fiable de participation qui a été validée dans différentes cultures. MéthodesUne étude de validation a été menée sur 20 patients au décours d'un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) durant leur programme de rééducation en ambulatoire.Les participants ont été recrutés par la technique d'échantillonnage, entre février et mai 2008.La version anglaise du LHS a été traduite en...

Research Findings: Teaching thinking skills is an important goal of formal primary and secondary education. Storybook reading is a well-established routine in the first few school years. Thinking skills can easily be fostered during these potentially language-rich interactions, making storybook reading a powerful tool for preparing young children for formal schooling. The aim of this research pilot project was to describe how 5 rural South African Grade R teachers interacted with their class...

This article proposes the procedure that may be adopted for comparable, representative and cost effective, soil sampling, and thereafter explores the policy issues regarding standardization of sampling activities and analytical process as it relates to soil pollution in Nigeria.Standardized sampling and analytical data for soil pollution will be required for comparative analysis, extrapolation of results to other areas and development of threshold values for risk assessment and soil quality...

Central to the success of education policy in emerging and developing nations is the study of the economic and distributional efficiency of student placement in higher-education colleges and universities. We study student placement in Egyptian colleges under the current demand/supply placement mechanism implemented in Egypt (𝜖-mechanism) and compare to the Gale-Shapley algorithm from an economic efficiency point of view. The efficiency criterion is modeled on three grounds: (1) Pareto...

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This paper analyzes the relationship betweeneducation and employment in Malawi, usingdata from the 2004-05 Integrated HouseholdSurvey (IHS-2). For both men and women,education is the passport to formalemployment and leads to higher hourlyearnings. Within regular wage employment,secondary education is associated with a123 percent wage premium, and universityeducation with a 234 percent wage premium(relative to illiteracy). In both rural and urbanareas, income is positively correlated...