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The aim of the study was to investigate factors affecting condom use among senior secondary school pupils in South Africa. Objectives were to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and sexual history, knowledge about correct condom use, source of condom information, AIDS health beliefs, self efficacy of condom use, correlates and predictors of condom use in Grade 12 students.Cross sectional survey.460 Grade 12 secondary school pupils from three rural schools.The sample included 460...
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In this article, we critically examine the rise and fall of an adult literacy center that we helped establish for farm workers during the course offieldwork on a commercial farm in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe. We raise questions about the emerging conventional wisdom in the anthropology of development and postcoloniality more broadly that characterizes development primarily as a mechanism to impose Western agendas and control targeted peoples. Our tale of the "Night School" suggests that...
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The publication of the National Commission for Higher Education (NCHE) in 1996 was hailed as the first systematic attempt to map out a policy terrain for higher education in South Africa since the elections of April 1994. Its recommendations, particularly on the governance of higher education, elicited much discussion and debate. The debate continued (and continues) with the publication of the Green and White Papers, the Bill on Higher Education, and the Higher Education Act (HEA) in late...
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This study explores primary school teachers' experiences of the changes that have occurred in education since the end of apartheid in South Africa and the end of communist rule in Russia. It outlines the national educational contexts and critically examines the nature and implementation of new policies in these two 'transitologies'. International literature on teacher responses to educational reform and on the potential of schooling to be democratic and to develop democracy in society is...
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Abstract Background and objective Skin diseases are among the leading causes of hospital visits in Ethiopia. An analysis was performed to describe the pattern of skin diseases at a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients and methods All consecutive new patients seen at the dermatologic referral clinic of Black Lion Teaching Hospital (BLH) from June 1995 to July 1997 were included in this prospective analysis. The clinical examinations were performed by the author, so that...
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In countries of both the developed and developing world, success in secondary school is still seen largely in terms of examination results. However, schools have the potential to promote leadership in many different ways. In addition to formal qualifications, students gain many other skills and attributes during the years they spend in education. An important part of this 'hidden curriculum' in effective schools is the provision of motivation and opportunities to learn how to be a leader....
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This article explores principles of adaptive, learning-based resource management and their practical application in coastal management projects in East Africa. The principles of feedback and adjustment, experimentation, and carefully guided participatory processes that capture widespread knowledge are used to describe the experience of five projects in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. The findings are drawn from a variety of sources, including site visits and interviews. The main finding is...
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The study measured the prevalence of eye diseases in primary school children between 7 and 19 years of age in a rural area of Tanzania, and investigated whether teachers could successfully provide the first component of a school eye screening service.Teachers from each of three primary schools in Mwanza Region tested visual acuity using a Snellen's E chart in 1438 pupils. 1386 of these pupils were then interviewed and underwent a full eye examination by an eye team.10 pupils (0.7%) had...
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The aim of the study is to investigniefi2ctors affecting condom use among junior Secondary School pupi1s in South Africa. The sample included 446 Grade 10 Secondary school pupils, 200 (44.896) ma1e and 246 (55.2%),females within the age range of I0 to 30 years (M age 16.6 years, SD = 2.5) from three rural schools in one region of the Northern Province in South Africa. Main outcomes measures included sexual activity and condom use (12 items), source of “condom” information (12 items),...
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Abstract The basic question is what governments in sub‐Saharan Africa can learn from researched experience in other parts of the world so as to break the present deadlock. If ever the political urge to seriously reduce the plights of the population (ill health, undernutrition, illiteracy, excess mortality) is to come forth in the sub‐Saharan African countries, there are two main (not mutually excluding) policy routes ahead. One is a reallocation of existing resources to these ends, while...
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A cross-sectional study was done from March to May 1997 in four selected slum kebeles (villages) of Addis Ababa in which nutritional status of 758 children aged 6 to 36 months was examined and stratified into malnourished and well nourished groups. Analysis of hygiene and health seeking practices of randomly selected households of the two sets of children determined practices that significantly exacerbate childhood malnutrition. The rates of immunization for the malnourished (80.2%) and well...