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Bottlenecks to the progression of surgical careers have been around since the year dot. Not so long ago, the bottleneck was in progressing from senior registrar to consultant surgeon. Then it was shifted to getting onto an SpR rotation. Soon the problem may be securing a foundation post or an 'ST1' post. Looking further into the future, the bottleneck may once again return to obtaining a consultant post, as Certificate of Completion of Training holders are forced to accept non-consultant...

Through an analysis of recent quantitative data on equity and school funding in South Africa, this article aims to explicate the patterns and typology of inequality in post-apartheid South Africa, and to deepen our understanding of the construct of equity. It also aims to understand the application of equity in the context of public schooling through a disaggregated school-level analysis of a key equity indicator, per capita expenditure. This approach quantifies inequity and progress...

Since Eritrea became independent in 1993, efforts have been underway to revise and update the conventional education curriculum. With a determination to quickly bridge the growing knowledge gap between Eritrea and the rest of the world, the Eritrean Government has decided on media education as a sustainable alternative. This choice is in line with developments emerging from many African, Asian and Latin American countries as the only option in line with the philosophy of UNESCO and the...

There is growing interest in the migration of doctors from Africa to developed nations. Little attention has been made in understanding the flow of doctors into African countries.To describe the nationality, country of primary qualification as a doctor and specialties of doctors registered in Malawi in 2003.Review of Medical Council of Malawi 2003 register and University of Malawi-College of Medicine graduation records.There were 252 doctors registered by the Medical Council of Malawi (MCM)...

The health challenges facing the African continent are enormous and sometimes look insurmountable. The continent is plagued by an array of preventable and communicable causes of morbidity and mortality. Malaria, measles, pneumonia, undernutrition, and diarrheal diseases are major child killers. Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are huge and growing challenges, especially within the adult population (1,2). Many inhabitants of Africa live below the poverty line, usually defined as earning less than...

This article examines the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Tanzania. It does so by testing a model of such effects using a set of data collected from a sample of Tanzanian primary school teachers. Regression analyses show transformational leadership dimensions to have strong effects on teachers'...

This article examines the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Tanzania. It does so by testing a model of such effects using a set of data collected from a sample of Tanzanian primary school teachers. Regression analyses show transformational leadership dimensions to have strong effects on teachers'...

This article examines the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Tanzania. It does so by testing a model of such effects using a set of data collected from a sample of Tanzanian primary school teachers. Regression analyses show transformational leadership dimensions to have strong effects on teachers'...

This article examines the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Tanzania. It does so by testing a model of such effects using a set of data collected from a sample of Tanzanian primary school teachers. Regression analyses show transformational leadership dimensions to have strong effects on teachers'...

This article examines the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of schools in a specific developing country context, that of Tanzania. It does so by testing a model of such effects using a set of data collected from a sample of Tanzanian primary school teachers. Regression analyses show transformational leadership dimensions to have strong effects on teachers'...

Abstract Since the introduction of the South African Schools Act, 1996 and the shift to school self-management, strategic management has become an important issue in South African schools. This shift requires a proactive leadership approach by the school principal. The focus in this article is on the leadership dimension of strategic management by the school principal. After elucidating the relationship between strategic management, strategy implementation and leadership, a model of...

To establish the prevalence of ADHD among school-aged children in Benin City, Nigeria.A total of one thousand, three hundred and eighty four (1384) primary school pupils, aged between six and 13 years, were recruited from six primary schools. Teacher's ratings of the 18 DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD were collected and analysed as a function of gender and subtype.The results support a documented trend in ADHD reports: males had a higher prevalence rate. The prevalence rate of 8.0% found is also...

To determine if there is any correlation between the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among in-school adolescents in Delta state of Nigeria and their sexual behaviour.A questionnaire based descriptive study of randomly selected secondary school students in Asaba. Delta state.A total of 437 students were recruited for the study. About 47% of respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The electronic media were their main sources of information. Fifty-eight percent had been sexually initiated but only...

Objective : To determine the outcome of tubal surgeries at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria over a 15 year period (1990 – 2004). Method : A retrospective case series review. Results : Sixty-four women underwent tubal surgery in the hospital within the 15 year period. Hydrosalpinx was the most frequent tubal pathology occurring in 35 (54.7%) of the women followed by peritubal adhesions in 13 (20.3%) women and cornual block in 11 (17.2%) women. The surgical access...

Although Uganda has made tremendous progress in education provision in the past decade, particularly with the introduction of universal primary education, it is confronted by a number of financing challenges relating especially to the demand for increased access at the secondary and tertiary levels. There are two aspects to the funding question: the insufficiency and the misallocation of resources. Both aspects have to be addressed in the interests of improved efficiency and equity....

This survey investigates learners' reading preferences in selected Eastern Cape secondary schools where English is taught as a second language. It seeks to understand the reading patterns and interests of Grade 11 learners. Focus group interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data over a period of six weeks. Participants included all Grade 11 learners from eight Grahamstown secondary schools where English is taught as a second language. Data were analysed using Biomedical Data...