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Drought occurs when lack of rain persists and dominates a whole area and when cumulative precipitation is less than the normal. When drought occurs, necessity of management of water stored in reservoirs in order to satisfy water demands arises. In the paper, the identification and characterisation of droughts in the area of Siliana, Tunisia, during the period 1967–1997 is carried out by determining drought duration, cumulative deficit and intensity. Regional drought duration areal extent and areal cumulated deficit are also assessed.
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Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion von Klima in historischen Zeiten im tropischen Ostafrika. Nach einer Ubersicht uber die heutigen klimatischen Bedingungen der Tropen und den Besonderheiten des ostafrikanischen Klimas, werden die Moglichkeiten der Klimarekonstruktion anhand von Seesedimenten diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die hoch gelegenen Seen des Zentralen Keniarifts, als Teil des Ostafrikanischen Grabensystems, besonders geeignete Klimaarchive darstellen, da...
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On April 4 2002 the Government of the Republic of Angola (GRA) and the National Union for the Independence of Angola (UNITA) signed a memorandum of understanding that ended over 30 years of conflict. During the war 500000 to 1 million Angolans died of war-related causes (ICG 2003; USCR 2003) and over 4.5 million people were displaced (UN 2001; UNHCR 2002a). Large areas of the interior were cut off from government services and much of the infrastructure was destroyed or abandoned. As many as...
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This study investigates how teachers in a rural Kenyan primary school use code-switching to help pupils to understand scientific concepts. The study takes place in a teaching and learning environment where English is the 'official' language of teaching beyond year three but where it is accepted by the education ministry that the English proficiency of most of the pupils may not be sufficient for them to fully access the science curriculum. It is, therefore, also accepted that teachers may...
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This paper presents findings from research in rural Uganda based on household survey and village level participatory work with in-depth life history interviews. This allowed the exploration of trajectories into and out of poverty and found that the loss of assets and composite shocks have propelled a number of previously non-poor households into severe and long-term poverty. In addition, findings illustrated that those born into chronically poor households found few opportunities for...
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Global economic integration is a reality that has increasingly materialised across the world over the past number of years. The prime question is whether Africa can become a worthy participant in an increasingly globalised economy and in what way. As business enterprises locate their operations in countries with potential for economic growth, they impact on the expectations for quality education and training. New sources of skilled, cost-effective labour are constantly sought. Against this...
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This chapter explores the process of reforming 'refractory' female bodies in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. It discusses the goals of the Midwives Training School in Omdurman and the methods of the British women who established it during the 1920s and 1930s in light of ethnographic data from the rural north. I suggest that while midwifery training had contradictory outcomes and failed to under mine the logic that underpinned the practice of pharaonic (female) circumcision, some aspects of it...
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The developmental period of adolescence is explored in Swaziland from a multidisciplinary perspective. The study compares early anthropological research with contemporary interviews of Swazi parents. While the Swazi language, siSwati, does not have a term for "adolescent," there is evidence of a definite developmental period which could be defined as adolescence. Parents view this period as being qualitatively different from childhood and adulthood, but they also have gender-related...