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Reading-into-writing assessments on pre-sessional language programmes typically employ either a take-home essay format with a substantial reading component or an exam-based writing task with a reading component of perhaps only one or two pages. While both approaches reflect a welcome trend towards more integrative models of validity for the assessment of academic writing, their usefulness may nevertheless be undermined by their task design. The apparent recent increase in the activity of...

Abstract Due to population growth, urbanization, insufficient resources, cultural and environmental factors, and policy neglect, public sector schools in Egypt and many countries of the South are in a degraded condition. A community/NGO initiative at an Egyptian public sector girls’ school was undertaken to explore how school facility upgrade could be achieved through a participatory action approach. The initiative yielded findings about how partnerships can contribute to mitigating the...

In developing countries poor standards of clinical service may be an obstacle to medical education. The paper outlines the inadequate mental health service in Malawi, Central Africa, which as well as failing patients obstructs the training of health workers.A new mental health curriculum at Malawi's medical school is described. The notion of psychiatry as a medical specialty is abandoned and the focus moved to psychological and psychiatric factors as they present in general clinical settings...

A tropical disturbance, which would later become Hurricane Alberto (2000), was traced back in time as a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) to the Ethiopian Highlands (EH), where the MCC first developed. Meteosat‐7 imagery indicates that the MCC develops during the late afternoon and evening of 28 July 2000, and that a mesovortex (MV) was evident on the morning of 29 July 2000. A preliminary mesoscale model simulation features the development of two areas of maximum relative vorticity in the...

Children's academic and social competencies were examined as mediators to explain the often positive relation between parent-school involvement and achievement. Ethnic variations in the relation between parent-school involvement and early achievement and the mediated pathways were examined. Because much of the comparative research confounds ethnicity with socioeconomic status, the relations were examined among socioeconomically comparable samples of African American and Euro-American...

Statistical analyses of data concerning the phytoplankton standing crop and biomass were applied as a tool for assessing pollution in El-Dekhaila Harbour. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed a succession of three clusters associated with salinity and temperature variations. The first and third clusters comprised mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates. The second cluster, richer in species, was dominated by brackish water cyanophytes, chlorophytes and euglenophytes. The diversity index...

Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data are analyzed to determine the extent of Miocene magmatism in the Nefza and Tabarka regions of northwestern Tunisia. Construction of magnetic intensity and enhanced analytic signal (EAS) maps indicated the existence of at least two regions containing probable subsurface igneous bodies that correlate to the small scattered igneous outcrops in the Nefza and Tabarka regions. Because of the lack of lateral resolution of the EAS techniques, 3-D magnetic and...

<titre>R&#233;sum&#233;</titre>On observe souvent que les femmes instruites ont moins d&#8217;enfants que les femmes moins instruites, ce qui appelle une interpr&#233;tation en termes de lien de cause &#224; effet. Toutefois, les femmes instruites diff&#232;rent de bien d&#8217;autres fa&#231;ons des femmes n&#8217;ayant jamais fr&#233;quent&#233; l&#8217;&#233;cole&#160;: les deux facteurs sont li&#233;s de fa&#231;on multiple. Le pr&#233;sent article analyse la relation entre instruction...

The Essaouira Basin (Morocco) contains a multi-layered aquifer situated in fractured and karstic materials from the Middle and Upper Cretaceous (the Cenomanian, Turonian and Senonian). Water percolates through the limestone and dolomite formations of the Turonian stage either through the marls and calcareous marls of the Cenomanian or through the calcareous marly materials of the Senonian. The aquifer system may be interconnected since the marl layer separating the Turonian, Cenomanian and...

Abstract This study examined the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine among 445 African American and Caucasian female college students. Using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey, the authors explored: (1) the extent of substance use; and (2) whether or not African American female college students were more or less likely to engage in the use of these substances compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Results indicated that alcohol was the most frequently used substance, with more...

Objective - The prevalence, and attitudinal predictors, of sexual aggression were examined in a non-forensic sample of South African high school males. Method - Survey questionnaires were administered to 446 males (aged 16 to 25 years) attending schools in the greater Durban area, South Africa. Results - A history of sexually aggressive behaviour was reported by 66.8% of respondents, with 17.5% reporting an act of sexual aggression that met the legal definition of rape or attempted rape. A...

Although small-scale mining is often associated with ruinous effects on the natural environment, Zimbabwe’s experience in gold panning demonstrates that though that may be true, the sector, can, through appropriate measures, be encouraged or enticed to develop environmentally friendly methods for gold mining and recovery. A combination of legislation, education, and the promotion of appropriate technology has enhanced the environmental management within the ever-growing gold panning...

A survey assessed the perceptions of 1350 Zambian teachers and parents and 512 Finnish teachers regarding inclusive education and consequently the best placement for children with different disabilities. On the whole, perceptions varied but were quite critical. On inclusion in general, the regular (also termed "ordinary") Finnish teachers were the most critical group and the Finnish special education teachers the most optimistic. Most respondents felt that inclusive education enhances social...

A survey assessed the perceptions of 1350 Zambian teachers and parents and 512 Finnish teachers regarding inclusive education and consequently the best placement for children with different disabilities. On the whole, perceptions varied but were quite critical. On inclusion in general, the regular (also termed ‘ordinary’) Finnish teachers were the most critical group and the Finnish special education teachers the most optimistic. Most respondents felt that inclusive education enhances social...

Experiences of behaviours associated with bullying were compared between English and Zambian primary and secondary school pupils. Findings showed different patterns in the incidence of various types of behaviour for English and Zambian pupils overall and across age, school level and gender. English pupils generally reported experiencing proportionally more incidents of bullying-related behaviour than Zambian pupils. Proportionally more boys than girls reported such behaviours in both...