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This paper compares retrospective and prospective analyses of the effect of flip charts on test scores in rural Kenyan schools. Retrospective estimates suggest that flip charts raise test scores by up to 20% of a standard deviation. Yet prospective estimators based on a randomized trial provide no evidence that flip charts increase test scores. One interpretation is that the retrospective results suffered from omitted variable bias. If the direction of this bias were similar in other...
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This Note is a partial stocktaking of the impact of the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative on the education and health sectors. A complete examination would focus on three areas; first, changes in sectoral expenditures, second the nature of the system-wide reforms which are integral to the Initiative and which aim to improve the efficiency and equity of total expenditures, and third the impact of these additional expenditures and reforms. As a first step, the focus of this Note...
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Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of swimming pools in South Eastern states of Nigeria (Akwa Ibom and Cross River) were investigated. The bacterial isolates included Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Others were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while fungal isolates were Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, Aspergillus versicolor Fusarium sp, Trichophyton...
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Since the Gold of Africa Museum opened in 2001, we have had hundreds of learners, from Grades 1 to 12, participate in our educational programme. The history of Africa is embarrassingly new to most South African learners and educators. We offer highly interactive tours, which last up to two hours, in which participants are engaged in reading, writing, thinking, questioning and discussing some of the rich heritage of our continent. We hope that our programme will motivate teaching and learning...
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In this study we examined the association of optimism and depressive symptoms with self-reported physical symptoms in 241 low-income, inner-city African American women with or without a chronic illness (HIV). Although optimism was not a unique predictor of self-reported physical symptoms over and above depressive symptoms, optimism interacted with depressive symptoms and health status. In the community sample, but not the chronically ill sample, optimism buffered the association between...
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Abstract Moisture deficit throughout growth significantly reduced the vegetative growth and increased the time to tasseling of three varieties, without much effect on the days to silking. A water deficit one week before tasseling delayed silking but not tasseling. The grain yield was significantly affected by all water deficits, especially before tasseling. Variety Katumani endured drought stress by maintaining its vegetative growth at the expense of grain yield, whereas ACV‐6 significantly...
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Abstract Education is a critical element in post-apartheid restructuring. In 1994 the ANC-led government inherited a racially divided and discriminatory education system to which the National Party had, in its early 1990s reforms, added elements of a market-driven system. National policies since 1994 have been rich in the political symbolism of equity and redress, but in practice were characterised by acceptance of commodification and choice and very limited implementation of change on the...
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This research study examined the experiences of African American Ph.D. students at a predominately White Carnegie I Research institution in the Mid-West Region of the United States. Given the current statistics in higher education, fewer African Americans are receiving terminal degrees from the nation's top universities. In order to understand this trend, African Americans that were currently enrolled in a Ph.D. program and recent graduates from this Ph.D. program were interviewed to examine...
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This article describes the ICT scene in Ghana from 1996 to 2004. The emphasis is on the benefits that distance learners in Ghana will derive from an ICT‐enhanced distance education. The article also draws attention to the efforts made by various governments of Ghana and some agencies to solve the major problems facing ICT‐driven distance education in Ghana. The attention of Distance education providers are made aware of the minor but disruptive operational hindrances to the use of ICT. Some...
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Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionVolume 39, Issue S1 p. S30-S30 ABSTRACTS: Oral Presentation Abstracts O0059 STUNTED GROWTH AND ZINC IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN EGYPT M. K. Matter, M. K. Matter Growth and Requirements, The National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Samy, M. A. Samy Growth and Requirements, The National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, EgyptSearch for more papers by this authorD. I. H. Shehab, D. I. H. Shehab Clinical...
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Introduction: Zinc deficiency causes growth retardation and its frequency is high in developing countries (Siklar et al. 2003).The study was done as a part of national survey to assess the nutritional status of Egyptian school children. A total 750 primary school children were randomly selected to estimate the prevalence of zinc deficiency in urban versus rural areas & to assess its effect on their growth. Methods: Blood sampling was taken to determine the serum zinc level. Weight-for-age,...
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Bimodal volcanism, which is typical of the continental rift, is supposed to be mainly dependent on strain-rate setting. High strain rates enhance the coupling between brittle and ductile crust and create a high density of the fractures used by basaltic magmas to erupt. Decoupling of brittle and ductile layers is generated by low strain rates with low fracture density, whereby the magma can be emplaced in the middle and upper crusts and can successively differentiate to produce evolved...
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(2004). Early Childhood Care and Education in Kenya. Childhood Education: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 191-197.
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ABSTRACT Human societies maintain between‐group variation despite mixing of people and ideas. In order for variation to remain, migrants or their children must preferentially adopt local norms, customs, and beliefs. Yet the details of how cultural variation is maintained, despite mixing, remain unknown. This article addresses this problem by using a simple model of the evolution of cultural learning to interpret the results of a study of cultural variation in a small region of East Africa. I...