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Sexually active adolescents in Ghana are increasingly at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. As a primary agent of socialization, the family can exert a strong influence on adolescent sexual behaviour. Therefore, to aid in the design and implementation of effective prevention programmes, it is important to understand the role of the family in influencing sexual behaviour among school-going adolescents.To evaluate the relationship between family communications about...
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Dietary supplements providing physiologic amounts of several micronutrients simultaneously have not been thoroughly tested for combating micronutrient deficiencies.We determined whether a beverage fortified with 10 micronutrients at physiologic doses influenced the iron and vitamin A status and growth of rural children (aged 6-11 y) attending primary schools.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial, children were assigned to receive the fortified beverage or an...
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A one year (January 1-December 31, 2000) prospective study of consecutive HIV seropositive patients admitted to the medical wards to Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital was made to determine the morbidity, mortality, and spectrum of HIV-associated disease among medical inpatients. During the study period, there were 1813 medical admissions and 568 hospital deaths. Of the medical inpatients, 566 were tested for HIV-1 antibody because of clinical suspicion and for treatment decision. Of these,...
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The purpose is to study visual impairment in Tunisia, its epidemiology, its etiologies and to present the major prevention measures. This study was conducted between 1992 and 1998. 1105 patients were examined in specialized outpatient clinic. Our group is composed from 712 men and et 393 women, aged 1 to 93 years. 435 patients were partially sighted and 670 were blind. Adults pathologies were dominated by acquired cataracts and adult glaucomas; diabetic retinopathy and age related macular...
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Within a social cognitive framework, the present study evaluated condom use behaviour in a sample of students at the Faculties of Social Sciences and Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study population comprised 262 (62.1%) males and 160 (37.9%) females with a mean age of 24.1 years (SD = 4.5) and mean educational level of 17.36 years (SD = 5.8). Results show that 422 students (representing 55.2%) were sexually active within three months before the study. Seventy seven per cent of...
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The think-aloud method was used to determine factors influencing bread and cereal purchase by low-income African American women that have implications for whole-grain education. Women (N=70) were audiotaped as they thought aloud while purchasing groceries. Because bread and cereal account for the majority of whole-grain products consumed, transcribed verbalizations regarding purchase of bread and cereals were analyzed using content analysis procedures. Cost, preferences, eating and buying...
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The think-aloud method was used to determine factors influencing bread and cereal purchase by low-income African American women that have implications for whole-grain education. Women (N=70) were audiotaped as they thought aloud while purchasing groceries. Because bread and cereal account for the majority of whole-grain products consumed, transcribed verbalizations regarding purchase of bread and cereals were analyzed using content analysis procedures. Cost, preferences, eating and buying...
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Early health policies of developing countries were mainly hospital-based. Doctors and other health professionals were scarce and unevenly distributed, and needed a base from which to operate. Morbidity and mortality statistics make it obvious that these early policies have not and cannot raise health status because the poor economic setting cannot sustain a health policy that is essentially hospital-based and, therefore, expensive. The Primary Health Care approach should provide most of the...
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Although there is a great advances in obstetrics in recent years, a hard core of maternal mortality still lingers and is considered to be an irreducible minimum. Nevertheless there has been worldwide decline in maternal mortality over the past decades. Yet maternal mortality is still the major public health problem throughout the world.A retrospective study carried out at the Medani Teaching Hospital, Medani City, Sudan. Case notes were reviewed for all the 877 women died during the period...
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Critical thinking is viewed as a necessary skill for nurses to make competent clinical judgments. Critical thinking by nurses in decision making and problem solving is compatible with the revised criteria for accreditation from the National League for Nurses (NLN, 1991). The Nurses’ and Midwives’ Council for Ghana shares similar goals in its nurse educational reform programmes. Nurse educators are expected to teach and assess critical thinking ability in nursing students. Some authors,...