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To estimate and project the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on the supply of education in Zambia.An analysis of the financial implications of HIV/AIDS for the Ministry of Education (MoE) and donors funding education in Zambia.A mathematical model was used to project the number of primary school teachers and their HIV status under current plans for teacher training and recruitment. Cost data were compiled from the MoE, the Teacher Education Department, teacher training colleges and the donor...

Comparative studies of special education policy typically compare the provision of special education services in different countries, based primarily on comparative variables such as legal mandates, rules and regulations, and budgetary allocations. Aside from the analysis of these surface structures, it is imperative also to take into account the deep structures (i.e., sociohistorical background) of the culture that created those policies. In this study, different aspects of Israeli and...

We hypothesize that impaired stress-induced pressure natriuresis is a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying obesity-associated hypertension in African-Americans. In this study 55 African-American boys and 71 girls aged 15–18 years underwent a 5-hour stress protocol (2 hour baseline, 1 hour stress, 2 hour recovery) after being brought into similar levels of sodium balance. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed to determine total percent body fat. Both girls and boys showed...

Botswana has the highest rate of HIV prevalence in the world and AIDS has now reached crisis proportions in the country. Among the initiatives implemented as a response, to promote sexual behavior change, is the Peer Education HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (PEHAPP) at the workplace. This paper assesses the impact and outcome of the PEHAPP. It concludes that the PEHAPP is having a measurable positive impact in the key areas of improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to risky...

Preventing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) by antioxidants is based on the hypothesis that generation of reactive oxygen species is one of the causes of NIHL. alpha-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring antioxidant with no noticeable side effects. In this study, we attempted to protect guinea pigs from developing NIHL by administering alpha-tocopherol. Pigmented male guinea pigs were exposed to a noise (4 kHz octave band, 100 dB SPL), 8 h/day for 3 days consecutively. alpha-Tocopherol (10...

Drawing on a study of five merger cases in recent South African higher education, this article examines why in each case, the mergers proceeded despite intense opposition from the entities affected and in a form and manner different from that envisaged by their state designers. It considers too, the inadequacies of existing merger theories to explain these two factors and draws on contingency theory to show how the merger outcomes were the product of a complex interplay between governmental...

Among different weather phenomena that occur in subtropical Africa, one stands out as being most unpleasent for the population of this area, most hazardous for transport and navigation are duststorms. These storms are frequently invading the area by more than 20-25 storms / year. As these storms are small-scale phenomena, there is some difficulty in its analysis and forecasting. Usually these storms bring up more than 1350 μg/m3 of sand load near the earth surface.In present work, a dust...

Objective: The aim of this study was to set up an ultrasound training institute in a low resourced country using ICTS and student-centered learning but with support from an affiliated center. This training program was to address the high need for ultrasound skills in Uganda. Most of the 150 ultrasound machines in the country are in the hands of non-trained personnel. Methods: Three Ugandan radiologists underwent a “train the trainers” course at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia...

To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in Ethiopia, to aid in planning for the prevention and management of avoidable causes.Children attending three schools for the blind in Ethiopia were examined during April and May 2001 using the standard WHO/PBL eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision protocol. Data were analysed for those children aged less than 16 years using the EPI-INFO-6 programme.Among 360...

A study was devised to inquire into the influence of diet patterns in Kenyan boarding schools on the fuelwood consumption rates in these institutions and the implications of the findings on national data and energy policies. It was found that the incorporation of actual weekly diet patterns into the overall fuelwood estimation procedures reduced the mean daily per capita consumption rate by about 1.5 times compared to the reported rate derived from “spot” measurements. Considering the large...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviours among secondary school adolescents in the Limpopo Province. The participants in this study were 435 secondary school adolescents from Polokwane and surrounds. Two hundred and forty-three (56%) participants were female, and 192 (44%) were male. They were aged between 15 and 19 years, with a mean age of 17.25 years ( SD = 1.34). A questionnaire was used to record participants' demographic data and suicidal...

Introduction - Historical Background - Students: access & equity - Teaching staff - Relevance, quality, quantity - Information & communication technologies (ICT) polices & use - Finance & governance - Conclusions & recommendations - References - Appendices

Aims: To describe adolescents' sources of reproductive health information and perceived credibility of these sources. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1247 seventh grade pupils in Arusha district; enquiring their sources of reproductive health information and perceived credibility of these sources. Mean scores were computed for each type of information in relation to frequency of source and credibility, and scales for reproductive health information sources and credibility...

A Pointe-Noire, a la fois ville du petrole et capitale economique du Congo-Brazzaville, la pollution petroliere est un vrai probleme qui menace dangereusement aussi bien l'environnement que la sante des populations. Fort curieusement les societes petrolieres n'aiment jamais entendre parler de ce probleme. Pretextant qu'elles depensent autant d'argent pour les actions sociales en faveur de ces populations de cette ville. Les autorites congolaises, quant elles, ferment les yeux. De rares resolu...

National level data were analyzed to establish the nature of association and the magnitude of contribution of education exposure to variance on measures nutritional well-being across Africa. Height and weight dependent anthropometric measures were used to assess nutritional well-being. Literacy (illiteracy) rates were the measures of educational exposure. Education was found to have a direct effect on the weight dependent anthropometric measures and an indirect effect on the long-term...

This study examined teachers' perceptions of African American males' aggression and achievement and the need for special education services based on African American students' cultural movement styles (i.e., walking). The participants, 136 middle school teachers, viewed a videotape and completed a questionnaire. To study interaction effects between student ethnicity and student movement and teachers' ratings of student achievement, aggression, and need for special education, a completely...