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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of health education in the control of bilharziasis, as a part of an investigation on anti-urinary bilharziasis campaign in Niger. We carried out a survey in two groups of endemic villages on the Niger, one group of villages where there are health education campaigns (target villages) and a control village (no education campaign). Five hundred and seventy-seven people were interviewed in the area. The bilharziasis project has been the main...

Using primary data from the health and education ministries, and household survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service, the authors analyze equity, and efficiency issues in public spending on health, and education in Ghana in the 1990s. Public expenditures in the education sector, declined in the second half of the 1990s. Basic education enrollment has been stagnant, or declining in public schools, but increasing in private schools, resulting in a moderate increase in total enrollment....

Abstract This article prospectively examines teacher‐rated behavior problems and competencies during the first 2 years of formal schooling among African American (n = 190) and Caucasian (n = 350) children. A significant main effect for race was found for both behavior problems and competencies in repeated measures analyses conducted across kindergarten and first‐grade teacher ratings. A time × race interaction indicated that teachers rated Caucasian children's competence as stable over time,...

This study aimed at investigating the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the use of student guidebooks by students, and investigating any significant differences between teachers’ and supervisors’ perceptions with regard to job, specialization, sex, and site of the directorate they work at. The population of the study consisted of teachers of the academic twelfth grade and all supervisors of all subject matters at the West Bank. All supervisors and a (12 %) stratified random...

A study has been conducted on the female engineering students at the University of Botswana. It was found that only 11.1% of the engineering students at the university were female. The engineering non-degree programmes had 9.7% females while the engineering degree programmes had 13.7% females. The majority were influenced in selecting engineering as their field of study by their interest in engineering and job opportunities in the engineering field. Some suggestions have been made for...

This paper introduces a special issue of Global Environmental Change: Human dimensions on the Sahel of West Africa. It reviews the seminar to which the papers were presented, and brings together some conclusions. Despite the quarter century of research into the West African Sahel that followed the great droughts of the 1970s, there are still strong disagreements about how to achieve more prosperous, yet sustainable livelihood systems in the region. There are conflicts between those who...

The study examined the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action to the study of condom use intentions of students at a university in southern Ghana. The data supported the model, explaining 33% of the variance in students' condom use intentions. Subjective norms and the perceived disadvantages of condom use were significant determinants of intention, with the former being more important. Respondents who intended to use condoms consistently ("intenders") and those with no such...

In order to ensure that registered accountants and auditors (RAAs) discharge their functions in the public interest, the RAA profession, through its governing bodies, should establish, maintain and ensure compliance with among other things an identified set of educational requirements. The research objective is twofold: Firstly, to provide a normative description of pre‐qualification professional education and, secondly, to evaluate the extent to which the current pre‐qualification education...

The main question posed in this paper is whether the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in higher education should focus on access or credit. We begin by tracking the origins of RPL development in South Africa, then go on to show how the broad context of higher education influences RPL. We raise four problematic issues involved in RPL, including the difficulty of establishing equivalencies between the different kinds of experience, knowledge and learning that adults may have acquired. We...

The question of the 'great divide' between orality and literacy has been critically addressed by various scholars of literacy, including social literacy theorists. This paper uses the notions of primary and secondary discourse across both oral and literate contexts to examine this 'divide'. Using evidence from the oral tradition of the Xhosa, it is shown that 'traditional'societies have well-established primary and secondary discourse types. Against this understanding, the issue of 'access'...

In previous studies on plasma fatty acid and antioxidant status in 29 malnourished Moroccan children (12 with mild protein-calorie malnutrition, 17 with severe protein-calorie malnutrition) compared to 15 healthy control children from the same area, we pointed out that these populations were heterogeneous in terms of their essential fatty acid and antioxidant status. The aim of the present study was to classify the children using the Waterlow classification and their essential fatty acid...

The Spanish colonial enterprise in early twentieth-century North Africa was coloured by ambiguous perceptions of cultural purpose and identity. Because Spaniards have tended to view their primary focus of recent imperialist activity, Morocco, as more of a historical frontier — or even as an extension of the metropole — than as home to a fully oppositional Other, they have not been able to place as much emphasis on cultural, historical, and racial distinctions between themselves and the...

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey examining knowledge, attitudes and intended use of condoms was conducted among 1,821 pupils (mean age = 14.2 years, range = 9--24) from 27 primary and secondary schools in rural south western Uganda. Condom education is not provided in Ugandan schools, but both boys and girls had relatively high overall levels of knowledge, even though boys demonstrated a higher level than girls. This suggests that respondents had successfully obtained reliable...

Objective : This is an investigation into the prevalence and patterns of childhood forcible sexual abuse and victim-perpetrator relationship among secondary school students in the Northern Province (South Africa). Method : 414 secondary school students in standard 9 and 10 in 3 secondary schools filled in a retrospective self-rating questionnaire in a classroom setting. The questionnaire asked for the demographic variables of the subjects, (physical contact forms of) sexual experiences of...