Training of non-radiologist medical doctors in ultrasound in Ghana - Jumali, K.B.; Brakohiapa, W.O.; Obajinii, M.G.; Armah, J.O.; Seffah, J.D.; Kragt, J. (2001)
openalex: W2995228893 mag: 2995228893
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Epidemiology of intestinal helminth infestations among school children in southern Uganda - Kabatereine, Narcis B.; Tukahebwa, Edridah M.; Brooker, Simon; Alderman, Harold; Hall, Andrew (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminth species among school children in southern Uganda.A cross-sectional survey using a randomly selected sample.Eighteen districts of southern Uganda.Two thousand and four school children aged two to twenty years (93.3%, aged 5-10 years) selected from classes 1 and 2 in 26 randomly selected primary schools.Overall, 55.9% of children were infected with either hookworm, Ascanis lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides was 17.5% ( range 0-66.7% by school), T. trichiura was 7.3% (0-45.0%) and hookworm 44.5% (15.6-86.0%). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura was greatest in western districts while hookworm infection was more evenly distributed across the country.Mass antihelminthic treatment of school children was warranted in 13 of the 18 districts as more than 50% of the children were infected with an intestinal nematode. It is likely that pre-school children are similarly infected.
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Prevalence of teeth with untreated dental trauma among nursery and primary school pupils in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Kahabuka, Febronia Kokulengya; Plasschaert, A.J.M.; Hof, Martin van‘t (Dental Traumatology, 2001)
Abstract – The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of teeth with untreated dental trauma among children aged 4–15 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A sample of 4524 children from three districts of different socio‐economic status in the Dar es Salaam area was examined for signs of dental trauma in 1998/99. In 21% of all children examined, at least one type of untreated dental trauma was observed. A high percentage of untreated dental trauma was observed at the ages of 4 and 15 years. The most frequently observed type of dental trauma was enamel fracture (67%) followed by enamel‐dentin fracture (26%). A significant gender influence on the occurrence of untreated dental trauma was observed, with more boys (23%) having untreated dental trauma than girls (19%). A higher percentage of untreated dental traumas was observed among children in the district with highest SES (26%) compared to the prevalence in the other two districts (14–17%). The findings of this study show that dental traumas are prevalent among Tanzanian children. Therefore, provision of information to the lay community about the importance of early management of dental trauma, ways of preventing trauma and appropriate handling of avulsed teeth is essential in order to minimize the rate of dental injuries and the related complications.
openalex: W2039576848 mag: 2039576848
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War, famine and excess child mortality in Africa: the role of parental education - Kiros, Gebre-Egziabher; Hogan, Dennis P. (International Journal of Epidemiology, 2001)
Background Civilian-targeted warfare and famine constitute two of the greatest public health challenges of our time. Both have devastated many countries in Africa. Social services, and in particular, health services, have been destroyed. Dictatorial and military governments have used the withholding of food as a political weapon to exacerbate human suffering. Under such circumstances, war and famine are expected to have catastrophic impacts on child survival. This study examines the role of parental education in reducing excess child mortality in Africa by considering Tigrai-Ethiopia, which was severely affected by famine and civil war during 1973–1991.
openalex: W2153865700 mag: 2153865700
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Effects of peer-led AIDS education aimed at Turkish and Moroccan male immigrants in The Netherlands: A randomised controlled evaluation study - Kocken, P.L.; Voorham, Toon; Brandsma, Jeanine; Swart, Wim (European journal of public health, 2001)
An evaluation study was conducted in The Netherlands into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) education for immigrants given in their native language by peers. Turkish and Moroccan men were trained to educate people from their own ethnic group. The effect of peer education on the perceived threat of AIDS and beliefs about condom use were studied.Places where male immigrants met, i.e. coffee houses, mosques and bars, were matched and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group filled out a short questionnaire at the end of the education session (post-test), whereas the control group was pre-tested and had the opportunity of following the AIDS education after participation in the questionnaire.Using multilevel logistic regression analysis, an effect could be established on misunderstandings regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (OR = 5.9 and 95% CI: 2.3-15.3) and risk appraisal for HIV infection (OR = 2.9 and 95% CI: 1.3-6.3). The perceived benefits of the protective effect of condom use were affected in men 30 years and older, the perceived barrier of diminished satisfaction if using condoms was changed among unmarried men, condom self-efficacy was affected in men who valued peer education as important and an effect on intention to use condoms was found among Moroccans.Continuation of peer-led AIDS education for immigrants and adaption of the message to the needs of specific target groups is recommended.
openalex: W2137570145 mag: 2137570145
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“Shoo—This Book Makes Me to Think!” Education, Entertainment, and “Life-Skills” Comics in South Africa - Kruger, Loren; Shariff, Patricia Watson (Poetics Today, 2001)
This article examines the ways comics contribute to nonformal education in contemporary South Africa, especially the Heart to Heart project,produced by the Storyteller Group, and Body and Soul, by the Soul City project. While Soul City follows the urban bias of many educational programs in its focus on urban stories and contexts, Heart to Heartis the result of a collaboration in which rural secondary school students produced and revised a graphic story using workshop performances to reenact and revise a story about lives similar to their own. The article shows how the comics critically engage with participants' desires for the modernity and success associated with urban lifestyles as well as life skills. It also highlights Heart to Heart's differences from many other rural culture-for-development projects elsewhere in southern Africa, including theater for development and literacy programs. It differs in its acknowledgment of the local impact of transnational cultural forms and social roles and of the appeal of texts and artifacts that represent urban success to local readers and in its effective appropriation of formal and affective features from mass-cultural entertainments like soap operas and comics for educational purposes.
openalex: W2118042482 mag: 2118042482
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The instructional leadership behaviour of Papua New Guinea high school principals ‐ A provincial case study - Lahui‐Ako, Boe (Journal of Educational Administration, 2001)
The purpose of the study was to investigate to what extent Papua New Guinea (PNG) high school principals engage in tasks which constitute instructional leadership. The major finding of the study was that the principals did engage in tasks which constitute instructional leadership, but the results indicated that their involvement in performing the five major functions were to a lesser degree than was deemed desirable and expected by the principals and teachers surveyed. This paper calls on the education authorities in PNG to re‐examine the selection, promotion, training and staff development opportunities for principals in order to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of principals in their jobs. With the challenges and demands of the changing educational environment in PNG now, more effective principals equipped with leadership and organizational knowledge and skills are required to lead schools.
openalex: W2026826033 mag: 2026826033
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of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness The Impact of Education on Productivity in the Commercial Poultry Industry in the Greater Accra Region (Ghana) - Larbi‐Apau, Josephine A. (2001)
openalex: W2400663534 mag: 2400663534
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The role of technical education in community upliftment in Zimbabwe : a historical perspective and avulation - Makotose, Armitage Beverley (2001)
openalex: W2266234060 mag: 2266234060
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Teaching of Arabic to learners in Muslim private schools in South Africa and Botswana - Mall, Munira Ahmed (2001)
openalex: W796167236 mag: 796167236
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Health services utilisation among secondary school students in Arusha region, Tanzania - Masatu, Melkiory C.; Lugoe, Wycliffe L.; Kvåle, Gunnar; Klepp, Knut Inge (East African medical journal, 2001)
To investigate patterns and determinants of health services utilisation by secondary school students.A cross-sectional survey.Twelve secondary schools located within seven districts of Arusha region Tanzania.Three thousand six hundred and three students proportionately selected from the twelve schools according to enrolment size.Self-reported use of modern and traditional health services within the past two years.The majority (77%) of the students used only modern health services while very few (1.3%) used only traditional services. Fever was the main reason for seeking health care during the last visit. Respondents who used traditional services expressed lower level of satisfaction with the services than those who used modern services. Living situation and socio-economic status of respondent's family predicted utilisation of modern health services whereas self-rated health status and perception that poverty was a threat against one's health predicted utilisation of traditional health services.Since most of secondary school students use modern health services, improvement of the modern health system is likely to benefit this population. Further work is needed to elucidate factors that facilitate or impede use of health services by young people in Tanzania.
openalex: W1987704482 mag: 1987704482
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El Niño, climate change, and Southern African climate - Mason, Simon J. (Environmetrics, 2001)
Abstract The El Niño phenomenon involves a large‐scale warming of the equatorial eastern and central Pacific Ocean. Recent developments in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon have raised concerns about climate change. In this review paper, these recent developments are critically assessed and forecasts of possible future changes are reviewed. Since the late‐1970s, El Niño episodes have been unusually recurrent, while the frequency of strong La Niña events has been low. Prolonged/recurrent warm event conditions of the first half of the 1990s were the result of the persistence of an anomalously warm pool near the date line, which, in turn, may be part of an abrupt warming trend in tropical sea‐surface temperatures that occurred in the late‐1970s. The abrupt warming of tropical sea‐surface temperatures has been attributed to the enhanced‐greenhouse effect, but may be indicative of inter‐decadal variability: earlier changes in the frequency of ENSO events and earlier persistent El Niño and La Niña sequences have occurred. Most forecasts of ENSO variability in a doubled‐CO 2 climate suggest that the recent changes in the tropical Pacific are anomalous. Of potential concern, however, is a possible reduction in the predictability of ENSO events given a warmer background climate. El Niño events usually are associated with below‐normal rainfall over much of southern Africa. Mechanisms for this influence on southern African climate are discussed, and the implications of possible changes in ENSO variability on the climate of the region are assessed. Recent observed changes in southern African climate and their possible relationships with trends in ENSO variability are investigated. The El Niño influence on rainfall over southern Africa occurs largely because of a weakening of tropical convection over the subcontinent. A warming of the Indian Ocean during El Niño events appears to be important in providing a teleconnection from the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The abrupt warming of the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans in the late‐1970s is probably partly responsible for increasing air temperatures over southern Africa, and may have contributed to a prolongation of predominantly dry conditions. A return to a wet phase appears to have occurred, despite the persistence of anomalously high sea‐surface temperatures associated with the late‐1970s warming, and a record‐breaking El Niño in 1997/98. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Community support for girl-child school attendance in Ghana: The case of Winneba in the Central Region of Ghana - Mensah, Joana Ayensua (2001)
openalex: W2950487365 mag: 2950487365
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Learner involvement in management aspects of senior secondary schools in the north central districts of Botswana - Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe (2001)
openalex: W1498977245 mag: 1498977245
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Computer literacy among practical arts teachers in Swaziland Vocational Schools - Mindebele, Comfort B. S.; Hlophe, Zanele F. (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2001)
Abstract This article reports findings of a study conducted in Swaziland to determine computer literacy skills of teachers of agriculture, commerce, home economics and technical studies in 16 pilot vocational schools. These teachers are expected to teach the new vocationalised curriculum of the four subjects. Findings revealed that the teachers lacked the basic computer knowledge and skills needed in the newly vocationalised curriculum that was to be mounted in the year 2000 with the financial assistance (loan) from the African Development Bank. However, the teachers indicated a strong interest in taking computer technology courses.
openalex: W2023278471 mag: 2023278471
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Encounters with action research in the african context: a case study in the school curriculum in lesotho - Mokuku, Tšepo (Educational Action Research, 2001)
Abstract This article is based on an action research study undertaken in the African context, in Lesotho. It illustrates understandings and insights that developed in this context about action research by reference to the factors that influenced the comprehension and implementation of the method, reflections of the research team on the method, and the potential of the method to improve practice. It is argued that the method had potential to improve practice in this context, and that the contextualisation of action research by reflection on the method was essential.
openalex: W2041665235 mag: 2041665235
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National Service?Is It a Thirteenth Year of Education? The Rise and Fall of an Innovation in Botswana - Molefe, Dorcas B.; Weeks, Sheldon G. (Africa Today, 2001)
Tirelo Setshaba (TS), form of national service, served to expose O-level graduates to the realities of their own society—the conditions and lifeways of people in rural and remote areas—by providing bridging year for matriculating to tertiary education, with the intention of making their participation in continuing education more effective. As thirteenth year in twelve-year educational system, the government of Botswana also designed national service to promote self-development, cross-cultural exposure, and to build work experience for its participants. Of these goals, the key site of interaction was cross-cultural. Inspired by study service in Asia and the youth service scheme in Guyana, TS placed participants with user departments, on individual assignments in primary schools, rural clinics, with the kgotla (local government), and many others. The program expanded rapidly, to plateau of 850 participants from 1986 to 1990, and again to plateau of 6,250 participants between 1994 and 1998. Its costs rose from few thousand US dollars per annum to over 10 million in 1997 . In 1998, the Botswana government decided that TS would have its last intake in April 1999 and terminate it in April 2000. The government perceived national service as program that 'triple benefited small, elite minority of youth, but neglected the majority of youth (83% of the age group). At the same time Namibia and South Africa were planning to introduce form of national service, too. Our main findings reveal that, while failing to implement the key educational components that had been originally planned in the early 1980s, the majority of the participants (80%) valued their experience highly and thus equated it to successful thirteenth year. Those opposed to national service felt that it was waste of time, and that it delayed their tertiary education. As one participant wrote in his work diary, TS was as a year of forgetting, rather than learning. Originally designed as an elite program, mainly for those who would go on to tertiary education, TS was terminated ostensibly because of its high costs and loss of relevance. The small group of decision makers in Botswana, however, no longer wanted their children to participate in national service .
openalex: W1967141254 mag: 1967141254
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Early Care and Education in Ghana - Morrison, Johnetta Wade (Childhood Education, 2001)
(2001). Early Care and Education in Ghana. Childhood Education: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 214-218.
openalex: W2015354024 mag: 2015354024
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Prediction of School Enrolment of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Kenya: The role of parents' expectations, beliefs, and education - Mutua, Kagendo; Dimitrov, Dimiter M. (International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 2001)
The purpose of this study was to develop a logistic regression model for the prediction of school enrolment of Kenyan children with intellectual disabilities. The initial set of predictors included three demographic variables (child's gender, child's level of intellectual disability, and parents' level of education) and six factors of parents' expectations and beliefs about future outcomes and education of children with intellectual disabilities. Previous research implicated some of these concepts in school enrolment of children with disabilities in African countries without providing a particular prediction model. The hypothesised factor structure of the instrument developed in this study was tested by using a confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. A stepwise logistic regression was conducted with the initial model including all nine predictors of school enrolment of children with intellectual disabilities in Kenya. Significant predictors in the final logistic regression model were (a) parents' expectations about social acceptance of the child, (b) parents' bias against educating children with intellectual disabilities, (c) parents' beliefs about a segregated school option, (d) parents' beliefs about the appropriateness of the child's school education, and (e) parents' level of education.
openalex: W2162895042 mag: 2162895042
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ENDOTOXEMIA IMPAIRS NITRIC OXIDE- DEPENDENT VASORELAXATION TO VEGF IN GUINEA PIG MESENTERIC MICROVASCULATURE. - Naftanel, Mark Andrew; Mattox, M. L.; Becker, E. J.; Parker, J (Shock, 2001)
Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77845.
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Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistomomiasis in primary school children of Kotto Barombi Health Area, Cameroon - Ndamukong, K. J. N.; Ayuk, Mary A.; Dinga, J. S.; Akenji, T. Nkuo; Ndiforchu, Victor A; Titanji, V. P. K. (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To assess the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in school pupils aged five to sixteen years.Barombi Kotto Health Area, southwest Cameroon.A cross-sectional study.Three hundred and forty seven primary school children.All children found to be infected were treated with praziquantel (biltricide).The study would be able to provide baseline information on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis which is vital for control strategies.The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in the study areas was 53.6%, with the highest prevalence of 73.9% recorded in Barombi Kotto village. Children resident on Barombi Kotto island were more significantly infected than those on the peripheral mainland (93.3% versus 46.2%, p < 0.01). Prevalence rate and intensity of infection did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) with sex, class or age of the pupils. The mean egg count varied significantly between schools (p < 0.001).Barombi Kotto village was identified as the focus of urinary schistosomiasis, with the highest recorded in children dwelling on the island, the surrounding lake being the main focus of transmission. Focal snail control as an adjunct of chemotherapy and intensive health education for the local population are strongly recommended as a means of reducing the high infection rate in the area.
openalex: W1986099499 mag: 1986099499
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EIA Partnerships in the SADC region-learning points for South Africa from Mozambique's EIA regulations - Nel, Johan (South African Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2001)
openalex: W2725417216 mag: 2725417216
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The pattern of toothwear amongst 12-18-year-old students in a Nigerian population - Ogunyinka, A; Dosumu, O O; Otuyemi, Olayinka Donald (Journal of oral rehabilitation (Print), 2001)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of toothwear in the permanent teeth of 12–18‐year‐old Nigerian students. The study group comprised 176 individuals (67 males and 109 females) who had no carious cavity, restoration or fracture on any of their permanent teeth. Within the group, 86% had tooth surface loss that was limited to enamel and dentine. No statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes. The most commonly affected tooth was the lower first molar, while the occlusal surface was the most frequently involved. One student had toothwear with a predominantly erosive component as a result of frequent ingestion of low pH drinks, while another displayed toothbrush abrasion. Of those with toothwear, two (13·4%) had parafunctional activities. The cause of toothwear in 73·2% of the study population could not be ascertained. Some of it may be connected with the coarse, abrasive diets that many of the students admitted to consuming on a regular basis.
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Provision of removable denture prosthesis at a University teaching school in Kenya - Omondi, B. I. (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To compile an audit of removable denture prosthesis fabricated for patients attending a teaching clinic.A retrospective analysis.Division of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.Clinical records of the patients attended to in the prosthetic teaching clinic from 1993 to 1997 inclusive were analysed to extract information regarding the quality of clinical notes and the pattern of provision of prostheses.A total of 817 patients were provided with dentures of whom 602 were provided with complete upper and lower dentures. Single complete dentures were fabricated for 18 patients and 197 patients had partial dentures fabricated.While the number of prostheses provided may be in conformity with the unit resources, clinical notes were found to have significant omissions for which recommendations have been suggested.
openalex: W1987611028 mag: 1987611028
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Perception of Illness among Secondary School Pupils in South Africa: Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and Alcoholism - Peltzer, Karl (Psychological Reports, 2001)
The study investigated beliefs of 121 high school students in Grade 11 about people who are ill with malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and alcoholism. The sample of Black pupils were chosen at random from two rural secondary schools in one region in the Northern Province of South Africa. Analysis indicated that HIV/AIDS was clearly distinguished from the other three illnesses by being seen as the least easily cured, having the most gradual onset, being the most contagious, showing the least look of illness, and the patients being likely those most blamed for their illness.
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Anxiety among University Students in South Africa - Pillay, Anand; Edwards, Steve; Sargent, Carol-Ann; Dhlomo, R. M. (Psychological Reports, 2001)
Of 214 first-year students in an historically Black university, 17.8% scored in the Severe range on the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Sex and rural or urban background were not significant factors.
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The distribution of macrornammals in Southern Africa over the past 30 000 Years : as reflected in animal remains from archaeological sites. Introduction, summary of past climate and climatic changes, notes on the time-periods, sites and species abundance. - Plug, S.; Badenhorst, I (2001)
This work presents the distribution of the macromammal species identified from archaeological sites in southern Africa over a time-span of 30 000 years. It represents the end result of many years of faunal identification and literature research. Information from a few hundred sites in the following countries is included: South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique and Namibia.
openalex: W2953510430 mag: 2953510430
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Group Work to Promote the Occupational Functioning of Ethiopian Minority Men with Disabilities who have Immigrated to Israel - Rose, Steven (The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 2001)
Abstract Supportivegroup work was used to help adult immigrants who haddisabilities with their occupational rehabilitation. Thegroup waa composed of minority men who emigrated from Ethiopia to Israel and encountered a difficult resocialization process and challenges to their ethnic identity. Group work with minorities should attend to leadership issues, occupational functioning, and cultural, social, intergroup, and linguistic factors
openalex: W1971308112 mag: 1971308112
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Pollution vulnerability of the Quaternary aquifer near Cairo, Egypt, as indicated by isotopes and hydrochemistry - Sadek, M. A.; El-Samie, S. G. Abd (Hydrogeology Journal, 2001)
openalex: W2062232791 mag: 2062232791
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Suitability of published neuropsychological test norms for urban African secondary school students in South Africa - Skuy, Mervyn; Schutte, Enid; Fridjhon, Peter; O’Carroll, Shelley (Personality and Individual Differences, 2001)
Variations in neuropsychological test performance as a function of ethnic/cultural group membership, socioeconomic and educational status are widely documented. In South Africa, issues of cultural difference, sociopolitical disadvantage, cognitive and educational limitations, are of particular relevance. Accordingly, this study investigated the performance on a neuropsychological test battery of urban African high school students. A group of 100 Soweto students in Grades 8–12, and a second group of 152 sixth grade Soweto students aged 13–15 years, scored significantly lower on most of the measures than their American counterparts, as reflected in published norms. Results also demonstrated a significant difference in test performance as a function of educational grade. The findings confirmed the need for using norms and approaches which are appropriate to a given population when interpreting and addressing neuropsychological test performance.
openalex: W2063575038 mag: 2063575038
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AN APPROACH TO TRAINING PROBLEMS IN AFRICA - Swemmer, Johan (The Controller, 2001)
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Intestinal helminths and schistomomiasis among school children in a rural district in Kenya - Thiong'o, F; Luoba, Alfred I.; Ouma, John H. (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To determine the extent of intestinal schistosomiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections among school children of Usigu and Bondo divisions of Bondo District.A cross sectional study.Fifty out of 130 primary schools in Usigu and Bondo divisions, Bondo District.Randomly selected school children (n= 3158) aged five to 20 years, were examined for intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis using Kato thick smear technique.The overall prevalence and geometric mean egg counts per gram/faeces for Schistosoma mansoni were 31.6% and 3.1; hookworm 36.8% and 4.1; Trichuris trichiura 21.8% and 1.5, and Ascaris lumbricoides 16.5% and 2.5. More girls (34.9%) than boys (28.6%) were infected with S. mansoni whereas more boys (39.0%) than girls (34.5%) were infected with hookworm. The prevalence of S. mansoni and hookworm infections increased with age but Ascaris and Trichuris infections decreased with age without any sex differences. Children under ten years of age tended to be more heavily infected with ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm than the older ones, while the intensity of S. mansoni increased gradually with age. There were positive relationships between different infections except for a significant negative correlation between Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections. Only four cases out of 789 had S. haematobium infection. CONCLUSION. Schistosoma mansoni and geohelminths were endemic in Bondo District, where two thirds of the school children suffered from these parasites. Polyparasitism was also common. There was a little overlap in the distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm, whereas ascariasis and trichuriasis were fairly distributed in the district.
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Somatotypes of Physical Education Students in Botswana - Toriola, A.L.; Monyeki, KD; Monyeki, M.A.; Amusa, L.O.; Dhaliwal, H. S. (Asian journal of physical education and recreation, 2001)
LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.In the present study the somatotype characteristics of Physical Education students at the University of Botswana were evaluated. A second purpose of the study was to compare the physical characteristics of students across academic years of study. A total of 125 Physical Education students (52 males and 73 females) at the University of Botswana were measured. The students were attending certificate course, Diploma (year 1 and 2)，Bachelor's degree in Education (B. Ed) (year 1 to 4) in Physical Education. All the students were measured by one of the authors and their mean ages ranged from 23.8 to 28.6 years for males and 25.8 to 30.8 years for females. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). These included body mass, stature, two breadths (humerus and femur), arm girths flexed and tense, calf girth and four skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and iliac crest). All the subjects were somatotyped using the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype method. Among the study group, the SAM values ranged from 1.2 to 2.1. The present sample is clustered in the mesomorph endomorph and mesomorphic endomorph categories with male students being more endomophic than female students. It is important in future studies to investigate the cultural diversity of the Botswana population as that might shed more light on the preponderance of endomorphy in the male group.本文旨在分析波斯尼亞大學體育本科生的體型結構，利用ISAK國際量度體型標準，量度了125名年齡由23至30歲學生的體型，結果顯示學生體型的分佈狀況，與文化背境的因素可能有關。
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Education and Islamic Trends in Northern Nigeria: 1970s-1990s - Umar, Muhammad S. (Africa Today, 2001)
Recognizably different Islamic trends in contemporary Northern Nigeria can be described in terms of traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism, and each trend can be correlated to a different educational background as well as a different political orientation. Within the last two decades, each of these trends has changed, with traditionalism shifting toward modernism, and modernism becoming fundamentalism, while fundamentalism faces imminent transformation in uncertain directions. Although handy for analyzing different trends, traditionalism, modernism, and fundamentalism should be recognized as discursive categories that are capable of not only revealing but also erasing subtleties, linkages and nuances of constantly changing social movements.
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The change from general nurse education to a nursing diploma in Papua New Guinea - Voigt, Margaret (Contemporary Nurse, 2001)
Papua New Guinea has started to change from a hospital based general nurse training to a competency based, university linked, diploma of nursing training program. This paper looks at the development of nurse education in Papua New Guinea. It also briefly outlines the present and proposed courses. The expected benefits and anticipated problems are then discussed and the paper ends with challenges being faced by those involved in nurse education.
openalex: W2143791364 mag: 2143791364
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Uganda launches HIV/AIDS treatment and training centre for Africa - Wendo, Charles (The Lancet, 2001)
The President of Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, opened a regional centre in Kampala on June 11, which will specialise in treating patients with HIV/AIDS and will train African doctors how to treat such patients. “This new centre is an important step for Africa as we seek to control the AIDS pandemic and improve the quality of care”, said Museveni.
openalex: W2020070238 mag: 2020070238
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They Can't Take Our Souls: Teachers' League of South Africa Reflections of Apartheid - Wieder, Alan (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2001)
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They Can't Take Our Souls: Teachers' League of South Africa Reflections of Apartheid - Wieder, Alan (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2001)
In 1999, the author worked on an oral history of apartheid era teachers. Although many people were telling their life stories through South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, there had been very little in the way of teachers' voices. This article is part of that larger study and includes three oral history case studies of members of the Teachers' League of South Africa (TLSA). The article examines the TLSA during the apartheid era through the lives of Helen Kies, Tom Hanmer, and Richard Dudley. These teachers represent what I. B. Tabata called teachers with the 'fighting spirit'. The TLSA believed in non-racialism and equality and teachers wed pedagogy and politics in their work with non-white students. Academics were stressed and so were issues of racial and class equality. The three teachers whose stories are told in this article challenged the apartheid regime and they each paid a price for their work. Although they were greatly affected by apartheid, it did not rule their lives and it could...
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They Can't Take Our Souls: Teachers' League of South Africa Reflections of Apartheid - Wieder, Alan (Race Ethnicity and Education, 2001)
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Disability profile of grant recipients in a semi-rural area in South Africa - Frieg, Annette; Ja, Hendry (South African journal of physiotherapy, 2001)
A descriptive study was undertaken to establish, amongst others, the demographic details and the disability profile of a group of persons with disabilities who collected their disability grant at the Kleinmond Post Office in June 1999. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire during face-to-face interviews with the grantees and/or their proxies. A questionnaire developed for this purpose included a disability catalogue based on the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). The repeatability of the questionnaire was 96%.The mean age of the mainly male grantees was 42 years (range: 18-64).Nearly a third of the subjects had been disabled since birth, reinforcing the importance of disability prevention programmes as outlined in several policy documents. Most persons with disabilities had problems with activities in the situational disability category (82% or 24/29), while only a few reported personal care disabilities (34% or 10/29).The majority of the grantees (86% or 25/29) reported disabilities in more than one category. This may be an indication that only persons with multiple disabilities qualify for permanent disability grants in South Africa.
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Ruptured uterus at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana - Adanu, Richard; Obed, Samuel A. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2001)
International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 73, Issue 3 p. 253-255 Brief communications Ruptured uterus at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana R.M.K Adanu, Corresponding Author R.M.K Adanu [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, GhanaCorresponding author. Fax: +233-21-668425Search for more papers by this authorS.A Obed, S.A Obed Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, GhanaSearch for more papers by this author R.M.K Adanu, Corresponding Author R.M.K Adanu [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, GhanaCorresponding author. Fax: +233-21-668425Search for more papers by this authorS.A Obed, S.A Obed Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, GhanaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(01)00377-0Citations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume73, Issue3June 2001Pages 253-255 RelatedInformation
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Evaluating traditional midwife training programs: lessons learned from Tanzania - Jahn, Albrecht; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza; Kalinga, M.J. (International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2001)
International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 73, Issue 3 p. 277-278 Brief communications Evaluating traditional midwife training programs: lessons learned from Tanzania A. Jahn, A. Jahn Institute of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Carvalho, Corresponding Author I. Carvalho islene@saude.gov.br CURUMIM NGO, Distrito Federal, BrazilCorresponding author. SQS 213 BLE Apt 305, Distrito Federal 70292-050, Brazil. Tel.: +55-81-99770335; fax: +55-81-4279100Search for more papers by this authorM.J. Kalinga, M.J. Kalinga Kibaha Education Centre, Kibaha, TanzaniaSearch for more papers by this author A. Jahn, A. Jahn Institute of Tropical Hygiene and Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Carvalho, Corresponding Author I. Carvalho islene@saude.gov.br CURUMIM NGO, Distrito Federal, BrazilCorresponding author. SQS 213 BLE Apt 305, Distrito Federal 70292-050, Brazil. Tel.: +55-81-99770335; fax: +55-81-4279100Search for more papers by this authorM.J. Kalinga, M.J. Kalinga Kibaha Education Centre, Kibaha, TanzaniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(01)00361-7Citations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume73, Issue3June 2001Pages 277-278 RelatedInformation
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Study of Drain Pollution Sources in Egypt - Kassem, Abdel Meguid; Abdel-Gawad, S. T. (2001)
In Egypt, the drainage water receives domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution sources. Such pollution sources result in deterioration of the drainage water quality and thus limited possibilities for reuse. In order to maximize the opportunities of reusing the drainage water, both quantity and quality of such water should be continuously monitored and investigated. One of the activities required to design a water-quality monitoring network, is the identification of relevant pollution sources. In this study, data of pollution sources are extracted from different sources of information such as reports, database, and field visits. Such data are evaluated and assessed in terms of completeness and reliability. Wherever data are not available, pollutants are estimated based on similar operation conditions and related experience. The effluents and loads of pollution sources are represented in tables and maps for each drain. In order to identify the most potential pollution sources that have undesirable impact on the drainage water quality, a statistical study for the pollution effluent and loads is conducted. The most effective measures for pollution reduction in drains of the study area, Delta and Fayoum, are discussed. In order to highlight the impact of such measures on pollution reduction, the pollution loads before and after the implementation of the measures are outlined.
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Grafting marketable KM skills into education for information in Africa - Aiyepeku, Wilson O. (Education for Information, 2001)
Knowledge Management (KM) is, arguably, the fastest growing component of a burgeoning, ‘big business’ Knowledge Industry which incorporates much of the theory and practice of library, archives and information services. Against the backdrop of a descr
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INAUGURAL PROFESSORIAL LECTURE: HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA DIFFERENTIATION OR CONVERGENCE - Brian, Figaji (2001)
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The economic impacts of global climate change on African agriculture: an interpretative review of recent findings - Molua, Ernest L. (2001)
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Remote Sensing of Sahelian Drought in the Sokoto River Basin, Nigeria - Adewale, Adedotun (AGUSM, 2001)
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Assessing the Attitudinal Technology Profile of South African Learners: A Pilot Study - Ankiewicz, Piet; Rensburg, Susan van; Myburgh, Chris (International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2001)
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Origin of the Cameroon Line of Volcano‐Capped Swells - Burke, Kevin (The Journal of Geology, 2001)
Swells of the Cameroon Line, a 1000‐km‐long line of 10 volcano‐capped swells, resemble other volcano‐capped topographic and bathymetric swells on the African plate. However, individual swells of the Cameroon Line are about 10 times smaller in area and distinct in being arranged in a straight line, half on the continent and half on the ocean floor. These peculiarities are here interpreted as related to an underlying mantle plume (the “711” plume) at lat 7°N, long 11.5°E, and to the location of this plume area on the bisector of a right‐angled bend in the continental margin. I suggest that circumstances that led to the development of the Cameroon Line included (1) the stress field in the neighborhood of the right‐angled bend in the continental margin, which favored extension normal to the bisector, and (2) formation of a zone of extension, aligned with the bisector, that joined a point in the lithosphere over the 711 plume to the continental margin. The right‐angled bend in the continental margin has existed since ca. 125 Ma, and the ages and alignment of a line of intrusions cutting the continental crust in Cameroon indicate that the 711 plume has been in its present position with respect to the continental margin for the past 65 m.yr. Nevertheless, the Cameroon Line of swells formed only at 30 Ma. Some change at 30 Ma appears to have triggered formation of the line. A new, platewide pattern of shallow‐mantle convection developed under the African plate at 30 Ma. For that reason, I suggest that the trigger for formation of the Cameron Line was the establishment, as part of the new platewide convection system, of shallow‐mantle convection localized under the zone of extension that joined the 711 plume to the right‐angled bend in the continental margin. Changes at 30 Ma fostered rapid propagation of that zone of extension, which had been established in the continental lithosphere at 65 Ma, into the Gulf of Guinea for a horizontal distance of 650 km.
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Fears for safety of students in Liberia - Cohen, Deborah (The BMJ, 2001)
Amnnesty International has voiced concern about the safety of student protesters detained by security officers after a raid on the University of Liberia in Monrovia in March. Dozens of students were reportedly whipped and beaten and women students were stripped naked after the special operation division, a unit of the security forces, brought to a halt a peaceful demonstration in support of four imprisoned journalists. The journalists, who worked for the Liberian newspaper The News, were detained and charged with espionage after publishing an article criticising the government's spending on spare …
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Education and research in Africa: identifying and meeting the needs - Crouch, Rosemary (Occupational Therapy International, 2001)
Abstract The development and promotion of occupational therapy in the Sub‐Saharan continent of Africa is seen as a challenge for the World Federation of Occupational Therapists. It is also a challenge for pioneering occupational therapists, mostly ex‐patriates, who have started occupational therapy services in many new countries of Africa over the past few years. This report identifies and addresses the problems. It is important that existing training centres for occupational therapists are maintained by attracting permanent, indigenous teaching staff and clinical supervisors, by promoting continuing support and development of existing occupational therapy services and by promoting the development of more rehabilitation and educational facilities. A priority is to help government departments to develop job structures for occupational therapists. Research is seen as being vital to this process. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of developing confidence in the profession of occupational therapy by ongoing education, personal achievement and positive thinking. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
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Pollution of nitrate in Moroccan ground water: removal by electrodialysis - Elmidaoui, A.; Elhannouni, Fatima; Sahli, M.A. Menkouchi; Chay, L.; Elabbassi, H.; Hafsi, M.; Largeteau, D. (Desalination, 2001)
Nitrate content in surface water and especially in ground water have increased in Morocco and other areas of the world. Several processes including degradation processes and separation processes can remove nitrate from water. As separating processes, an electrodialysis operation was performed to remove nitrate from a ground water. Preliminary a brief reviews of the nitrate ground water pollution in Morocco was presented. A preselection of several commercial membranes was carried out to determine the best anionic exchange membrane for nitrate removal. The selected membrane transports anions in the following order: NO3− > Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−. The results show that a desired product water quality can easily be obtained by electrodialysis. The electrodialysis is a simple process to remove nitrate from ground water.
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“Straight Outta Mogadishu”: Prescribed Identities and Performative Practices among Somali Youth in North American High Schools - Forman, Murray (Topia: The Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, 2001)
Cultural expression is an important site of social andpolitical reproduction. How we imagine, reproduce, and define ourselves, and how we are imagined, reproduced, and defined through culture, are m'tically linked to (and often sustain) struggles for change and freedom. -Tricia Rose ( 1 997:259-60) Seldom is attention focused on the everyday processes whereby people, especially immigrants, are made into subjects of a particular nation-state. -Aihwa Ong ( 1 999:263)
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The impact of river regulation and climate change on the barred estuary of the Oued Massa, southern Morocco - Fox, H. R.; Wilby, Robert L.; Moore, H. M. (Regulated rivers, 2001)
Abstract The estuary of the Oued Massa, southern Morocco, has experienced alternating phases of tidal and lagoon conditions. Using field surveys, aerial photographs and rainfall–runoff records the dominant processes and recent evolution of the estuary are described. These data suggest that the character of the estuary has changed since the upstream impoundment of the river by the Youssef Ben Tachfine reservoir. The frequency of low‐flows has been significantly increased by river regulation, as has the mean interval between flood events. Using reconstructed flow series it is speculated that lagoon conditions have become more common in the post‐impoundment era than at any time since the 1920s. Although increases in winter precipitation projected by the global climate model HadCM2 for 2030–2049 imply a higher frequency of flood flows entering the reservoir in the future, the magnitude and frequency of such inflows are still within historic variability. Nonetheless, higher inflows may produce more frequent spills with concomitant bar breaching and termination of lagoon phases. Despite this, it is argued that the presence of the dam is ultimately of greater consequence to the functioning of the estuary–lagoon system than future precipitation changes over the region. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Influence of drought stress after anthesis on growth and yield of wheat cultivars from Ethiopia - Gebremedhin, Dereje Biruk (2001)
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Reply to Comment by E. A. Okal and C. E. Synolakis on "Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?" by E. L. Geist - Geist, Eric L. (Seismological Research Letters, 2001)
Research Article| May 01, 2001 Reply to Comment by E. A. Okal and C. E. Synolakis on “Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?” by E. L. Geist Eric L. Geist Eric L. Geist U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd. Menlo Park, CA 94025 egeist@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2001) 72 (3): 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.367 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Eric L. Geist; Reply to Comment by E. A. Okal and C. E. Synolakis on “Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?” by E. L. Geist. Seismological Research Letters 2001;; 72 (3): 367–372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.367 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search Okal and Synolakis (2001) discuss important issues regarding the origin of the complex and controversial 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea (PNG) tsunami. These comments are appreciated by the author in that they allow a more complete discussion within the seismological community of this highly destructive event that claimed the lives of over 2,200 people. The foremost issue facing the people of Papua New Guinea and coastal communities around the world is how damage from catastrophic tsunamis such as the 1998 event can be mitigated. Toward this goal, investigations and discussions such as this comment and reply are... You do not currently have access to this article.
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Droughts, Irrigation Development, and Hydropower: Different Development Priorities in Ghana and Burkina Faso and Their Effect on Management of the Volta River, West Africa - Giesen, Nick van de; Andreini, M.; Edig, A. van (AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts, 2001)
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School education and HIV control in sub‐Saharan Africa: from discord to harmony? - Gregson, Simon; Waddell, Heather; Chandiwana, S.K. (Journal of International Development, 2001)
Abstract HIV is widely regarded as a disease of poverty and ignorance. However, within sub‐Saharan Africa, more developed countries and sub‐populations appear to have higher levels of HIV prevalence. This paper considers the evidence and possible reasons for this, by focusing on the relationships between education and the spread of HIV at the macro and micro levels. It is concluded that more educated populations are initially particularly vulnerable to HIV but are also better equipped to mount effective responses. Expanding provision of and access to secondary education could facilitate HIV control but is severely hampered by the morbidity and mortality effects of HIV epidemics. Efforts to sustain and increase education levels and to reduce HIV infections should therefore be mutually re‐enforcing but will require extensive resources. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Researching Adult Education Policy in the Context of an Emerging Global Political Economy: The Case of South Africa. - Groener, Zelda (2001)
An study investigated ways in which the political and economic development (PED) agendas of international organizations (IOs) permeated or pervaded PED agendas of the South African government's adult education and training policies. Policy documents of IOs were main data sources, and the richest data sources were country strategy papers written by IOs for South Africa. Data analysis focused on country strategy papers of the World Bank (1999), the British government's Department for International Development (1998), and the Swedish government's Swedish International Development Agency (1999). Findings indicated significant similarities and convergences among PED agendas in the country assistance strategy papers, South African government's development policies, and its adult educatiori and training policies; some were centered around economic growth, trade, and poverty eradication. The PED agendas of IOs, reflective of the broader PED agendas of, foreign governments, were evident in their development assistance policies and, more specifically, their country assistance strategy papers. Influences of the PED agendas in development assistance policies of IOs reinforced the shift in PED agendas of the South African government's development policies from social transformation toward neo-liberalism. Findings indicated a level of autonomy on the part of the South African government, especially in relation to its transformation agenda. (Contains 23
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Building Bridges to the Economic Mainstream for African American Male Ex-Offenders: A Preliminary Assessment of an Inmate Education Re-Entry Program. - Johnson, James H.; Farrell, Walter C.; Braithwaite, Lawrence P. (2001)
This paper describes a state-funded inmate education and re-entry program that provides soft skills training for soon-to-be released offenders. The paper presents preliminary evidence regarding impact of this training on 14 young male participants. Data came from information prepared by inmates throughout training program and ethnographic field notes from interviews with inmates following successful completion of program. The paper begins with four hypotheses on the African American male problem (spatial isolation, social capital, search and destroy, and cultural capital/employer preference), assessing their implications for designing interventions to facilitate African American male inmates' re-entry into mainstream society. It describes North Carolina Inmate Education and Re-Entry Program, profiling its participants, describing preliminary program successes, and examining pro-social actions inmates have taken in working to achieve their goals. All 14 participants expressed willingness to work in legitimate occupations and rebuild and improve their family lives. Two earned work release privileges and are successfully employed, two were released from prison and have jobs, and another runs a legitimate business from prison. (Contains 91 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are best that can be made from original document. Urban Investment Strategies Center Building Bridges to Economic Mainstream for African American Male Ex-Offenders: A Preliminary Assessment of an Inmate Education Re-entry Program James H. Johnson, Jr., Walter C. Farrell, Jr., and Lawrence P. Braithwaite May 2001
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Disability as a Function of Social Networks and Support in Elderly African Americans and Whites - Leon, Carlos F. Mendes de; Gold, Deborah T.; Glass, Thomas A.; Kaplan, Lori; George, Linda K. (The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2001)
We examined the association of structural and functional aspects of social relationships with change in disability, and the degree to which race modifies these associations.Data are from a population-based sample of 4,136 African Americans and Whites aged > or = 65 living in North CAROLINA: Disability data were collected during seven consecutive yearly interviews and summarized in two outcome measures. Measures of social relationships included five measures representing network size, extent of social interaction, and specific type of relationships, as well as instrumental and emotional support. Weighted proportional odds models were fitted to model disability as a function of baseline social network and support variables, and the interaction of each variable with follow-up time.Network size and social interaction showed significant negative associations with disability risks, which did not vary by race, or as a function of time. Social interaction with friends was associated with a reduced risk for disability, but social interaction with children or relatives was not related to disability. Instrumental support was associated with a significantly increased disability risk, with a greater adverse effect among Whites than African AMERICANS: Emotional support was not associated with disability, but a protective effect for ADL disability was found after controlling for its intercorrelation with instrumental support.The findings provide further evidence for the role of social relationships in the disablement process, although not all types of social relationships may be equally beneficial. Furthermore, these associations may be more complex than simple causal effects. There were few racial differences in the association of social relationships with disability, with the possible exception of instrumental support, which may allude to possible sociocultural differences in the experience of instrumental support exchanges.
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Combating Stereotypes of the Scientist Among Pre-service Science Teachers in Nigeria - Mbajiorgu, N. M.; Iloputaife, E. C. (Research in Science & Technological Education, 2001)
This paper looks at the effect of instruction on pre-service science teachers' conceptions of the scientist. Twenty-six pre-service science teachers involved in a 14-week course were the subjects. The constructivist teaching approach was adopted. The students' preconceptions were the starting point for the teaching. Seven students were selected for in-depth interview to determine the reasons for their positions (change or no change in view at the end of the period). It was found that instruction enhanced better conceptions of the scientist. The pre-test to post-test change scores differed from zero and the difference was significant at the 0·05 level of significance. However, the interview revealed that the changes in conceptions were mediated by the students' life worldviews. We therefore conclude that whereas remediating strategies enhance understanding (comprehension), worldview of the students has a greater effect on meaningful learning (apprehension).
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A Role for the African American Church in Urban School Reform - Middleton, John A. (Urban education (Beverly Hills, Calif.), 2001)
A survey of 25 African American church leaders in three urban school districts was conducted to determine the role of the African American church in urban school reform. Survey results identified five major issues. First, church leaders recognized many of the serious inadequacies in urban education. Second, church leaders were looking “inward” for solutions to educational problems rather than “outward” for opportunities to affect educational policy. The third issue was the perceived barriers to involvement in education issues. The fourth issue was the leaders’ perceptions of future educational challenges, and the fifth issue was realization of the potential political power of the African American church.
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A school development plan : the role of the school head in Botswana - Moswela, Bernard (2001)
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Emergency obstetric referrals at a University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria - N., S.; Ozumba, Benjamin C.; Okaro, JM (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To identify factors in our unbooked obstetric emergency cases that contribute to the increase in maternal mortality.A retrospective study.Maternity Ward, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, between January 1966 and December 1999.Four hundred and thirty five cases of emergency obstetric referrals treated during the review period.The incidence of unbooked obstetric emergencies is 9.5% and the high risk obstetric group, the primigravida and grand multiparous women constituted 63% of it. Majority (80%) of the patients belonged to the lower socio-economic class and prolonged and obstructed labour were the commonest mode of presentation. Sources of referrals were hospital/clinics (46%), maternity homes (23%), traditional birth attendants (TBAs)(16%) and prayer houses (2.3%). There were obvious delays at the referral sources and most of the patients presented in poor clinical states. Forty per cent of total maternal mortality in the hospital were attributed to unbooked cases with haemorrhage and sepsis being the major causes. Also perinatal mortality of 40.2% was recorded.Lack of basic education and poverty are the major identifiable risk factors. Improving health care facilities, female education, regular training courses for medical personnel and elimination of quacks are advocated.
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Quality of health education during STD case management in Nairobi, Kenya - O'Hara, H B; Voeten, Hélène; Kuperus, A G; Otido, Julius; Kusimba, Judith; Habbema, J. Dik F.; Bwayo, Job J.; Ndinya-Achola, J. O. (International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2001)
Quality of health education during STD case management in Nairobi was assessed in 142 healthcare facilities, through interviews of 165 providers, observation of 441 STD patients managed by these providers, and 165 visits of simulated patients. For observations, scores were high for education on contact treatment (74-80%) and compliance (83%), but unsatisfactory for counselling (52%) and condom promotion (20-41%). The World Health Organization (WHO) indicator for STD case management Prevention Indicator 7 (PI7) (condom promotion plus contact treatment) was poor (38%). Public clinics strengthened for STD care generally performed best, whereas pharmacies and mission clinics performed worst. Compared with observations, scores were higher during interviews and lower during simulated patient visits, indicating that knowledge was not fully translated into practice. Interventions to improve the presently unsatisfactory service quality would be wide distribution of health education materials, ongoing training and supervision of providers, implementation of STD management checklists, and the introduction of pre-packaged kits for STD management.
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Comment on "Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?" by E. L. Geist - Okal, Emile A.; Synolakis, Costas E. (Seismological Research Letters, 2001)
Research Article| May 01, 2001 Comment on “Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?” by E. L. Geist Emile A. Okal; Emile A. Okal Department of Geological Sciences Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60201, USA emile@earth.nwu.edu (E.A.O.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Costas E. Synolakis Costas E. Synolakis Department of Civil Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA (C.E.S.) Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Emile A. Okal Department of Geological Sciences Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60201, USA emile@earth.nwu.edu (E.A.O.) Costas E. Synolakis Department of Civil Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA (C.E.S.) Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © 2001 by the Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2001) 72 (3): 362–366. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.362 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Emile A. Okal, Costas E. Synolakis; Comment on “Origin of the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami: Earthquake or Landslide?” by E. L. Geist. Seismological Research Letters 2001;; 72 (3): 362–366. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.362 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search In a recent contribution, Geist (2000) examines several characteristics of the 1998 Papua New Guinea (PNG) earthquake and tsunami and suggests that they can be explained by a standard dislocation in an elastic Earth without the need to invoke a landslide or slump as the mechanism of generation of the locally catastrophic tsunami. We wish to emphasize that we agree with overwhelming evidence indicating that tsunamigenic events are never purely “tectonic” (i.e., in the nature of an elastic dislocation) nor due to pure slumps. Most earthquakes trigger landslides; indeed aerial rockslides are well documented in the immediate... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Ozone induces impairment of adrenergic relaxation in thoracic guinea pig tracheas - Sommer, Bettina; Vargas, Mario H.; Campos, Marı́a G.; Montaño, Luis M. (Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2001)
The effect of ozone on airway relaxation mechanisms has been seldom studied. We exposed guinea pigs to ozone (0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 ppm for 4 h) and studied the in vitro tracheal responses to isoproterenol and nitroprusside, looking for differences between cervical and thoracic regions. We found that ozone did not alter responses to nitroprusside, whereas it produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the responses to isoproterenol in thoracic but not cervical tracheas. Thus, in isolated organ studies care should be taken to avoid mixing cervical and thoracic tracheal regions, at least when adrenergic responses are to be evaluated.
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Geochemical Signature of Spatially and Temporally Associated Felsic and Mafic Volcanic Products in the Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia. - Temesgen, Berhanu (AGUSM, 2001)
openalex: W3025371242 mag: 3025371242
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Comparison of Vocational Identity Factor Structures Among African American and White American College Students - Toporek, Rebecca L.; Pope‐Davis, Donald B. (Journal of Career Assessment, 2001)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural equivalence of the construct of vocational identity, as measured by the Vocational Identity Scale of My Vocational Situation, through an examination of the equivalence of factor structures across two socioracial groups. Specifically, this study is interested in the extent to which this instrument is able to demonstrate structural equivalence across samples of African American and White American students. Confirmatory factor analyses determined that a one-factor model, as suggested by Holland, Daiger, and Power, provided adequate fit for the African American and each of the two White American groups. However, a test of multigroup invariance indicated that the vocational identity factor structures were not equivalent across these groups. Implications for practice and research are discussed. In addition, the group invariance method of assessing cultural equivalence is critically examined.
openalex: W1984545340 mag: 1984545340
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[Pityriasis rosea in secondary schools in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. - Traoré, Adama; Korsaga-Somé, Nina; Niamba, P.; Barro, F.; Sanou, Issa; Drabo, Y.J. (PubMed, 2001)
Pityriasis rosea is a spontaneously regressive benign erythematous squamous dermatosis. A better understanding of this condition in developing countries would be useful.We conducted a cross section study based on one-day surveys in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, secondary schools. The stratified cluster sampling method described by Henderson was used. Six thousand pupils were examined to collect epidemiology and clinical data and to determine the presence of complications and results of complementary explorations performed.Thirty-six cases of pityriasis rosea were observed (0.6 p. 100). Prevalence was higher in children from an unfavorable social and economic background. A typical eruption was often observed with classical localizations and morphology in 86.1 p. 100 of the cases. Pruritus was often observed with an inaugural lesion (61.1 p. 100) predominantly on the upper limbs (54.6 p. 100) and the trunk (31.8 p. 100) measuring 1 to 3 cm. A typical second eruption was found in most cases, situated on the trunk (75 p. 100), distal portions of the limbs (64.4 p. 100), proximal portions of the limbs (33.3 p. 100) and the neck (30.5 p. 100). The eruption evolved for 1 week to 1 month in most cases (61 p. 100). In 55.5 p. 100 of the cases, therapeutic abstention was the rule. Secondary treatment-related complications occurred in 38.9 p. 100 of the cases. Stool studies generally demonstrate ameba cysts. Syphilis serology was negative.Our sampling technique in the secondary school setting provided a representative sample of the urban population of African cities. This work demonstrated the variability of prevalence by social and economic conditions and is in favor of an infections cause, demonstrating several similar features with other series reported in the literature. Generally, a stool study is not necessary and syphilis serology is negative in typical cases. Health care workers should be more aware of pityriasis rosea in order to avoid poorly adapted treatment.
openalex: W2404952906 mag: 2404952906
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Creating Germans Abroad: White Education in German Southwest Africa, 1894-1914 - Walther, Daniel (German Studies Review, 2001)
openalex: W2796384916 mag: 2796384916
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Public health and education spending in Ghana in 1992-98: issues of equity and efficiency - Canagarajah, R. Sudharshan; Ye, Xiao (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2001)
Using primary data from the health and education ministries, and household survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service, the authors analyze equity, and efficiency issues in public spending on health, and education in Ghana in the 1990s. Public expenditures in the education sector, declined in the second half of the 1990s. Basic education enrollment has been stagnant, or declining in public schools, but increasing in private schools, resulting in a moderate increase in total enrollment. Regional disparities are significant, with lower public resource allocations, and lower enrollment ratios in the three poorest regions. The quality of basic education in public schools remains poor, while it has steadily improved in privateschools. Enrollments in higher levels are lagging behind those in basic education. Ghana ranks high among West African countries in health indicators, although its health expenditures tend to favor the non-poor. While more of the rural population have gained access to health services in recent years, many still have limited access, or none. Moreover, there is no link between the pattern of public expenditures - especially the pattern of immunization across Ghana - and health outcomes. To ensure that social services are efficiently, and equitably delivered in a fiscally constrained economy, the authors argue, public expenditures need to be linked to outcomes.
openalex: W3124341479 mag: 3124341479
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Interpretive investigation of the science‐related career decisions of three African‐American college students - Lewis, Bradford F.; Collins, Angelo (Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2001)
Abstract Reports published since 1977 indicate that African Americans are underrepresented among Ph.D.‐holding scientists. Although researchers have identified numerous factors that correlate with career choice, they have failed to address students' reasons for choosing or not choosing science and science‐related careers. This study examines the career decisions of three African‐American college students. All three students began college aspiring toward science‐related careers. However, by the end of data collection only one student was working toward a science‐related career. Data were collected by means of eight, open‐ended, 1‐hour interviews conducted over a period of 6 months. Findings indicate that students' interest in a science‐related career is directly related to the degree to which they perceive that career as being supportive of deep‐seated life goals; and that a deeper view of the nature of science better enables students to perceive a science‐related career as supportive of life goals. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 599–621, 2001
openalex: W1967912373 mag: 1967912373
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Tanzania - Community education - Markov, Andrei (RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2001)
Mfuko wa Elimu Msingi - or the Community Education Fund (CEF) - was started in 1995. It was extended as one of the two key components under the Human Resources Development Project (HRDP) launched in 1997. The HRDP is a pilot project undertaken by the Government of Tanzania and financed by a $20.9 million World Bank IDA credit. It is intended to pilot solutions to some of the key problems of access and quality that characterize the Tanzania education system. What was first regarded with skepticism has now expanded four times beyond its original target and is emerging as a viable solution to the issues of funding, improving primary education and increasing community involvement.
openalex: W110745439 mag: 110745439
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The Role of Family in the Success of African American College Students - Herndon, Michael (2001)
openalex: W2593243694 mag: 2593243694
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[Impact of health education programs on the control of urinary bilharziasis in Niger]. - Garba, Amadou; Aboubacar, Alarou; Barkire, Arouna; Véra, C.; Sellin, Bertrand; Chippaux, Jean‐Philippe (PubMed, 2001)
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of health education in the control of bilharziasis, as a part of an investigation on anti-urinary bilharziasis campaign in Niger. We carried out a survey in two groups of endemic villages on the Niger, one group of villages where there are health education campaigns (target villages) and a control village (no education campaign). Five hundred and seventy-seven people were interviewed in the area. The bilharziasis project has been the main source of information on bilharziasis of people in the project zone. The awareness of measures to fight against bilharziasis has been moderate. Indeed, 46.6% of people interrogated in the project area couldn't cite any means for containing bilharziasis. In the area of intervention, 41.5% of people interrogated were unaware of the intervention of an intermediate host in the transmission of the urinary bilharziasis. The notion of reinfestation remains little known. Behaviours that favour the illness were ignored by 1/3 of people interrogated in the project area. However, there was an increase in knowledge about the illness in the program zone in comparison with the control area. Despite the increase in knowledge level, changes in behaviour in relation to the illness remained low. Risky behaviour continued in about 2/3 of people interrogated. Only 33% of persons of the project area declared having adopted at least a single good behaviour. Changes of behaviour are slow to take place. Activities of health education must be sustained throughout a long period of time for sustainable profits of control actions to occur.
openalex: W204019220 mag: 204019220
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Variables Associated With the Disciplinary Actions Received by Middle and High School African-American Students in Public Schools: A Synthesis of Studies - Harris, Keith M. (2001)
openalex: W1556617745 mag: 1556617745
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Public Health and Education Spending in Ghana in 1992–98: Issues of Equity and Efficiency - Canagarajah, Roy S. Xiao Ye (2001)
Using primary data from the health and education ministries, and household survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service, the authors analyze equity, and efficiency issues in public spending on health, and education in Ghana in the 1990s. Public expenditures in the education sector, declined in the second half of the 1990s. Basic education enrollment has been stagnant, or declining in public schools, but increasing in private schools, resulting in a moderate increase in total enrollment. Regional disparities are significant, with lower public resource allocations, and lower enrollment ratios in the three poorest regions. The quality of basic education in public schools remains poor, while it has steadily improved in private schools. Enrollments in higher levels are lagging behind those in basic education. Ghana ranks high among West African countries in health indicators, although its health expenditures tend to favor the non-poor. While more of the rural population have gained access to health services in recent years, many still have limited access, or none. Moreover, there is no link between the pattern of public expenditures - especially the pattern of immunization across Ghana - and health outcomes. To ensure that social services are efficiently, and equitably delivered in a fiscally constrained economy, the authors argue, public expenditures need to be linked to outcomes.
openalex: W2145826500 mag: 2145826500
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Teacher ratings of behavior among African American and Caucasian children during the first two years of school - Sbarra, David A.; Pianta, Robert C. (Psychology in the Schools, 2001)
Abstract This article prospectively examines teacher‐rated behavior problems and competencies during the first 2 years of formal schooling among African American (n = 190) and Caucasian (n = 350) children. A significant main effect for race was found for both behavior problems and competencies in repeated measures analyses conducted across kindergarten and first‐grade teacher ratings. A time × race interaction indicated that teachers rated Caucasian children's competence as stable over time, whereas their African American peers were rated as less competent. According to these data, African American children did not maintain age‐appropriate school‐based competencies in task orientation and frustration tolerance. No interaction effects were found for a gender × time term for either competencies or behavior problems, suggesting that African American boys do not show more disturbed behavior in the early school years. Behavior trajectories are discussed in terms of the need for competence‐enhancing interventions aimed at early school transitions, particularly for African American children. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
openalex: W2008319807 mag: 2008319807
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Does the village still raise the child?: a collaborative study of changing child-rearing and early education in Kenya (Choice Reviews Online, 2001)
openalex: W1543225064 mag: 1543225064
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The Attitudes of Teachers and Supervisors at the West Bank Governorates Towards Second Secondary Students’ Use of Student Guidebooks - Abdeen, Mohammad A. (An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 2001)
This study aimed at investigating the attitudes of teachers and supervisors towards the use of student guidebooks by students, and investigating any significant differences between teachers’ and supervisors’ perceptions with regard to job, specialization, sex, and site of the directorate they work at. The population of the study consisted of teachers of the academic twelfth grade and all supervisors of all subject matters at the West Bank. All supervisors and a (12 %) stratified random sample of teachers were chosen for the study. The researcher designed a two-part tool for the study; part one solicited demographic data, and part two contained (30) items on which the respondents were asked to respond in accordance with a four-point Likert scale. Both validity and reliability were determined; the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was (0.92) and the Spearman Brown reliability coefficient was (0.88). Means, percentages, standard deviations, and One-Way Anova were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the teachers and supervisors had negative attitudes towards the use of student guidebooks, and that there were no significant differences in their attitudes with regard to job, specialization, or site of directorate. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in their attitudes with regard to sex. The results also showed that teachers and supervisors did not overall agree on using student guidebooks by students since their disadvantageous effects on their achievement were apparent. The study recommended that the existing student guidebooks be revised and evaluated, bylaws and regulations regarding their use be made, students be made aware of their disadvantages, and samples of the general examinations questions and key answers be distributed to students and teachers to make use of.
openalex: W606822290 mag: 606822290
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Engineering Education for Women in Botswana - Baryeh, E. A.; Squire, P. J.; Mogotsi, Maureen (International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 2001)
A study has been conducted on the female engineering students at the University of Botswana. It was found that only 11.1% of the engineering students at the university were female. The engineering non-degree programmes had 9.7% females while the engineering degree programmes had 13.7% females. The majority were influenced in selecting engineering as their field of study by their interest in engineering and job opportunities in the engineering field. Some suggestions have been made for improving female participation in university engineering programmes in the country.
openalex: W2061202679 mag: 2061202679
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The African Sahel 25 years after the great drought: assessing progress and moving towards new agendas and approaches - Batterbury, Simon; Warren, A. (Global Environmental Change, 2001)
This paper introduces a special issue of Global Environmental Change: Human dimensions on the Sahel of West Africa. It reviews the seminar to which the papers were presented, and brings together some conclusions. Despite the quarter century of research into the West African Sahel that followed the great droughts of the 1970s, there are still strong disagreements about how to achieve more prosperous, yet sustainable livelihood systems in the region. There are conflicts between those who believe in indigenous capacities to maintain rural livelihoods, those who believe that various forms of external support are necessary, and those wedded to a vision of a Sahel directed by regional urban growth. Under economic and cultural globalisation, the future of this region is, at best, unclear. The papers in this collection do agree that Sahelian environments are diverse, and that Sahelian people cultivate and exploit diversity and flexibility. They also suggest that there are no quick-fix development solutions, except to build upon this historical diversity with renewed purpose.
openalex: W2121348200 mag: 2121348200
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Progress Report on Children’s Early Literacy Learning (CELL) Research Project in South Africa - Bloch, Carole; Stein, Pippa; Prinsloo, Mastin (Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 2001)
openalex: W2041730515 mag: 2041730515
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Determinants of condom use intentions of university students in Ghana: an application of the theory of reasoned action - Bosompra, Kwadwo (Social Science & Medicine, 2001)
The study examined the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action to the study of condom use intentions of students at a university in southern Ghana. The data supported the model, explaining 33% of the variance in students' condom use intentions. Subjective norms and the perceived disadvantages of condom use were significant determinants of intention, with the former being more important. Respondents who intended to use condoms consistently ("intenders") and those with no such intentions ("non-intenders") were equally motivated to comply with the wishes of their significant referents (sexual partners, close friends, parents and medical doctors). The critical difference was that "intenders" consistently held a stronger belief than "non-intenders" that their significant referents approved of condom use. Significantly, whereas "intenders" believed that their sexual partners would approve of condom use, the "non-intenders" held the contrary belief that their partners would disapprove of such behavior. This suggests that AIDS education interventions targeting a similar audience like the university students in this study should shift their foci away from individuals alone and instead, focus simultaneously on individuals, their sexual partners and their broader social networks in order to enhance perceptions of peer acceptance of condom use.
openalex: W2030223205 mag: 2030223205
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Pre‐qualification education of registered accountants and auditors in South Africa: Perspectives on whether the education process is normatively justifiable - Botha, Willie (Meditari : Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 2001)
In order to ensure that registered accountants and auditors (RAAs) discharge their functions in the public interest, the RAA profession, through its governing bodies, should establish, maintain and ensure compliance with among other things an identified set of educational requirements. The research objective is twofold: Firstly, to provide a normative description of pre‐qualification professional education and, secondly, to evaluate the extent to which the current pre‐qualification education process applicable to RAAs in South Africa is normatively justifiable. A study of the literature on general professional education and on education in the field of accountancy facilitated the achievement of the first objective, while the second objective was addressed by means of a comparative analysis of the basic prequalification educational requirements applicable to prospective RAAs and the normative description of professional education presented. The current educational process permits latitude for factors and practices that are not wholly justifiable within a normative definition of professional education. The lack of normative justification for several aspects of the system will impede the achievement of sound educational objectives.
openalex: W2001776259 mag: 2001776259
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Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) for access or credit? Problematic issues in a university adult education department in South Africa - Castle, Jane; Attwood, Gillian (Studies in the Education of Adults, 2001)
The main question posed in this paper is whether the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in higher education should focus on access or credit. We begin by tracking the origins of RPL development in South Africa, then go on to show how the broad context of higher education influences RPL. We raise four problematic issues involved in RPL, including the difficulty of establishing equivalencies between the different kinds of experience, knowledge and learning that adults may have acquired. We conclude that emphasis should be placed on RPL for access rather than credit, and that resources should be channeled into opening pathways for adult learners into higher education and supporting them en route.
openalex: W38546813 mag: 38546813
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The Classroom and the Community: African American Youth Speak Out. - Clardy, Pauline; Cole-Robinson, Cynthia; Jones, Terrence O'c.; Michie, Gregory (2001)
openalex: W260191847 mag: 260191847
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Culinary innovation, love, and the social organization of learning in a West African city - Elwert-Kretschmer, K; Parkin, Robert; Gnezo, A (Food and Foodways, 2001)
openalex: W1988845385 mag: 1988845385
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Alternative Perspectives on Orality, Literacy and Education: A View from South Africa - Gough, David; Bock, Zannie (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2001)
The question of the 'great divide' between orality and literacy has been critically addressed by various scholars of literacy, including social literacy theorists. This paper uses the notions of primary and secondary discourse across both oral and literate contexts to examine this 'divide'. Using evidence from the oral tradition of the Xhosa, it is shown that 'traditional'societies have well-established primary and secondary discourse types. Against this understanding, the issue of 'access' to Western academic literacy is examined. It is argued that within the changing context of South African society and as a direct result of former apartheid policies, individuals may have failed to acquire the cultural capital of both oral secondary and literate secondary discourse types. The literate secondary discourse practices of Xhosa-speaking students at university are explored through an analysis of student writing. This paper then reports on several projects which attempt to address some of the concerns of academic staff with respect to student writing. In particular, this section argues for a broadening of the notion of 'academic literacy' and suggests some ways in which texts derived from the oral tradition may be used to develop awareness of secondary discourse types.
openalex: W2157494617 mag: 2157494617
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Plasma fatty acid status in Moroccan children: increased lipid peroxidation and impaired polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in protein-calorie malnutrition - Houssaini, Fatima Zahra Squali; Foulon, T; Payen, Nicole; Iraqi, Muhammed; Arnaud, Josiane; Groslambert, P (Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2001)
In previous studies on plasma fatty acid and antioxidant status in 29 malnourished Moroccan children (12 with mild protein-calorie malnutrition, 17 with severe protein-calorie malnutrition) compared to 15 healthy control children from the same area, we pointed out that these populations were heterogeneous in terms of their essential fatty acid and antioxidant status. The aim of the present study was to classify the children using the Waterlow classification and their essential fatty acid status. The discrepancies in lipid parameters, nutritional and inflammatory markers, blood oxidative indexes, antioxidant micronutrients or trace elements (selenium, zinc, vitamin E) related to polyunsaturated fatty acids were checked in these populations. Eight of the control subjects and nine of the severe protein-calorie malnutrition children were essential fatty acid-deficient, compared to only one of the mild protein-calorie malnutrition group. Examination of the essential fatty acid-sufficient subjects with mild protein-calorie malnutrition, compared to the essential fatty acid-sufficient control subjects, showed only a decrease in Z scores and a non-significant decrease in selenium and vitamin E. In severely malnourished children, albumin, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, plasma selenium, vitamin E and zinc were low, whereas inflammatory proteins and triglycerides were high. These features worsened with essential fatty acid deficiency. In all protein-calorie malnutrition subjects, there was oxidative stress (increase in thiobarbituric-acid reactants, imbalance between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid, vitamin E and selenium levels), even in the absence of essential fatty acid deficiency. Monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1 n-9/C18:0) delta9 desaturase and n-3 and n-6 elongase activity indexes increased. The C18:1/C18:0 delta9 desaturase activity index was negatively correlated to Z scores (r = -0.44, P< 0.01 for Z score weight, r = -0.39, P < 0.01 for Z score height), albumin (r = -0.82, P < 0.01) and zinc (r = -0.51, P< 0.01) levels. In essential fatty acid-deficient, severe protein-calorie malnutrition subjects, delta6 desaturase activity was impaired, and there was a non-significant decrease in arachidonic acid. Essential fatty acid deficiency is a type of malnutrition, and is associated with an aggravation of all parameters in severe protein-calorie malnutrition. The increase in the C18:1/C18:0 delta9 desaturase activity and enhanced lipid peroxidation without any essential fatty acid deficiency could be early markers of protein-calorie malnutrition.
openalex: W1998859024 mag: 1998859024
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African American College Students' Motivation in Education. - Hwang, Young Suk; Echols, Celina V.; Wood, Ralph; Vrongistinos, Konstantinos (2001)
openalex: W206491943 mag: 206491943
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Toward the ‘Moral Conquest’ of Morocco: Hispano–Arabic Education in Early Twentieth-Century North Africa - Jensen, Geoffrey (European History Quarterly, 2001)
The Spanish colonial enterprise in early twentieth-century North Africa was coloured by ambiguous perceptions of cultural purpose and identity. Because Spaniards have tended to view their primary focus of recent imperialist activity, Morocco, as more of a historical frontier — or even as an extension of the metropole — than as home to a fully oppositional Other, they have not been able to place as much emphasis on cultural, historical, and racial distinctions between themselves and the colonized as have many other Westerners. On a practical level, the contradictions that underlay Spain’s ‘civilizing mission’ in the Maghrib left a clear imprint on the military-administered Hispano–Arabic schools, which eschewed any attempts to evangelize and instead sought to impart the teachings of the Koran and what it perceived to be true Muslim values to Moroccan children. The programmes of the Spanish schools for Moroccan children also illuminate the strong contrast between Spanish colonialist ideologies in North Africa and those of the French in Morocco and Algeria.
openalex: W2075056602 mag: 2075056602
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Condom awareness and intended use: Gender and religious contrasts among school pupils in rural Masaka, Uganda - Kinsman, John; Nakiyingi, Jessica; Kamali, Anatoli; Whitworth, James (AIDS Care, 2001)
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey examining knowledge, attitudes and intended use of condoms was conducted among 1,821 pupils (mean age = 14.2 years, range = 9–24) from 27 primary and secondary schools in rural south western Uganda. Condom education is not provided in Ugandan schools, but both boys and girls had relatively high overall levels of knowledge, even though boys demonstrated a higher level than girls. This suggests that respondents had successfully obtained reliable information from other sources. Boys and girls had similar and fairly positive attitudes towards condoms, although considerable shyness was expressed, both about discussing condoms with a partner and buying them. Fifty-eight per cent said that they themselves would use a condom if one were available, but girls were far less likely than boys to say so. Roman Catholics (46% of the sample) were less knowledgeable and less positive about condoms than non-Catholics, and the boys in this group, but not the girls, were also much less likely to say they would use one. Possible interventions based on these findings are discussed, and a research agenda for the delivery of assertiveness training to girls is proposed.
openalex: W2030103862 mag: 2030103862
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Childhood forcible sexual abuse and victim-perpetrator relationship among a sample of secondary school students in the Northern Province (South Africa) - Madu, Sylvester Ntomchukwu (2001)
Objective : This is an investigation into the prevalence and patterns of childhood forcible sexual abuse and victim-perpetrator relationship among secondary school students in the Northern Province (South Africa). Method : 414 secondary school students in standard 9 and 10 in 3 secondary schools filled in a retrospective self-rating questionnaire in a classroom setting. The questionnaire asked for the demographic variables of the subjects, (physical contact forms of) sexual experiences of participants before the age of 17 years where the perpetrator used physical force to intimidate and dominate the victim or to achieve sexual gratification, and the victim-perpetrator relationship. Result : It shows an overall prevalence rate for childhood forcible sexual abuse to be 16.4%; 8.8% for males, 15.7% for females. 9.9% were kissed sexually by force, 6.8% were touched sexually by force, 6.1% were victims of oral/anal/vaginal intercourse using force. The majority of the perpetrators were acquaintances or relatives of the victims. Conclusion : The author pointed out some possible health and behavioural implications of forcible sexual abuse for the victims, and call for more research in the area of forcible sexual abuse in the Province, more publicity of the possible situation of raped or forcibly sexually abused children, and for more campaigns against childhood forcible sexual abuse and sexual abuse in general in the Province.
openalex: W2265729550 mag: 2265729550
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Malaria diagnosis and treatment administered by teachers in primary schools in Tanzania - Magnussen, Pascal; Ndawi, Benedict; Sheshe, Amir; Byskov, Jens; Mbwana, K. (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2001)
A school health programme in Mwera Division, Pangani District included treatment of malaria attacks occurring in children during school time. A combination of symptoms (headache, muscle/joint pains, feeling feverish) and oral temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C was used for the diagnosis of malaria. Chloroquine (25 mg/kg given over 3 days) was used for treatment. Malariometric surveys on children aged 7-15 years (mean 10 years) were conducted once a year (1995-1997). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 100% of infections and the parasite prevalence varied between 32.7 and 35.3% from 1995 to 1997. The number of malaria cases (cases/1000 registered school children) diagnosed and treated by school teachers was 159 (67) in 1995, 324 (124) in 1996, 348 (128) in 1997 and 339 (108) in 1998. Children in grades 1-4 (age 7-13) accounted for 64.6% of cases. Symptoms and oral temperature were recorded for 1258 children. Of those, 992 (78.9%) complained of fever and at least one other symptom when presenting to teachers, 98 (7.8%) had fever as their only complaint and 168 (13.5%) presented without a perception of fever, but with other symptoms. Of these children, 36 (21.4%) had a temperature > or =37.5 degrees C. The sensitivity of "feeling feverish" was 96.5% with a specificity of 54.5%. The positive predictive value of feeling feverish was 89.9% and the negative predictive value 78.6%. Blood slides were prepared from 55.3 and 37.2% of children diagnosed by teachers during 1995 and 1996, respectively, and 71.4% were found positive. Among children who fulfilled the algorithm criteria 75.0% had a positive blood slide. With little training and regular supervision it was feasible for school teachers to make a presumptive diagnosis of malaria. We conclude that teachers can play a major role in school health programmes and are willing to be involved in health matters as long as they are supported by health and educational authorities.
openalex: W2033360955 mag: 2033360955
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The training of cataloguers in university libraries in South Africa - Maphopha, Khomotso Amanda (2001)
openalex: W400717013 mag: 400717013
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Use of health services and reported satisfaction among primary school adolescents in Arusha, Tanzania - Masatu, Melkiory C.; Klepp, Knut‐Inge; Kvåle, Gunnar (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2001)
Purpose: To describe Tanzanian adolescents’ utilization of health services, their satisfaction with the health services, and determinants of their satisfaction with these services. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 1279 seventh-grade school pupils, measuring use of health services in the past 2 years, reasons for seeking health services, and satisfaction with the health services provided during the last visit. Descriptive statistics were calculated on health service utilization and satisfaction variables, and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with reported satisfaction with the health services. Results: Seventy-five percent of the respondents reported using modern health services only, 1.2% used traditional services only, and 10% had used both during the past 2 years. Fever was the most common reason for seeking modern health services, followed by injury. The vast majority of the respondents reported being satisfied with the services provided during the last visit. Age was the only factor significantly associated with being very satisfied with traditional health services, whereas type of health facility and discussion of the issues of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS were significantly associated with being very satisfied with modern health services during the last visit. Conclusion: Urban primary school adolescents report using modern health services, and the majority are satisfied with the services.
openalex: W2053159525 mag: 2053159525
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Participatory Evaluation of Environmental Education: Stakeholder Assessment of the Wildlife Clubs of Kenya - McDuff, Mallory D.; Jacobson, Susan K. (International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 2001)
Participatory evaluation represents an innovative approach for assessing environmental education programmes as the methods involve stakeholders in the design and implementation of evaluation. This study applied participatory evaluation to the largest grassroots environmental education programme for youth in Africa, the Wildlife Clubs of Kenya (WCK). The study first involved staff, regional WCK representatives and local teachers in stakeholder analyses of WCK and the development of critical evaluation questions. Second, four key stakeholder groups provided feedback on WCK programmeming, constraints and impacts and made recommendations for improvement. The evaluation results revealed that trips to the national parks were the most effective WCK programme, while lack of funds was the major constraint. The primary impacts of WCK were increased student awareness and interest in conservation. Recommendations for improvement included increased visits by WCK staff to clubs and improved communication among WCK offices and clubs. The results of the participatory evaluation have been used by WCK to institutionalise evaluation, document impacts and improve environmental education programming in Kenya.
openalex: W2081322581 mag: 2081322581
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Change and the Quality of Work-Life of Teachers in Rural Schools in South Africa. - Mentz, Kobus (2001)
Rural in South Africa are often found on farms. These schools are usually erected by the farmer to educate the children of farm laborers. While officially public schools, farm are on private property and maintained through private funds. The history of farm is closely linked with the political history of South Africa. In 1987, 73 percent of all for Blacks were farm schools. The transition to democratic government and extensive educational changes implemented in 1996 resulted in an atmosphere of uncertainty. A study to determine the quality of the work-life of teachers on farm in South Africa during this period of change surveyed 60 teachers in 15 farm in 1 school district. Findings indicate that teachers in rural are generally satisfied with their circumstances and enjoy teaching; teachers are proud of their and have good relationships with students; teachers are proud to be teachers; there is a low level of frustration among teachers in rural schools; teachers in farm have a sense of belonging to a community; teachers seem to be satisfied with classroom size, physical facilities, and teacher-student ratios; support received by teachers from the principal is insufficient; principals do not play a big role in determining whether teachers experience the organizational climate as positive or negative; principals may experience uncertainty about their positions since the farmer owns the school and students are children of farm employees. (Contains 13 references.) (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Change and the quality of work-life of teachers in rural in South Africa
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Personal Communication Networks and the Effects of an Entertainment-Education Radio Soap Opera in Tanzania - Mohammed, Shaheed Nick (Journal of Health Communication, 2001)
The personal networks of listeners and nonlisteners to an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania are examined to determine the effects of interpersonal discussion of the soap opera's educational themes of family planning and HIV prevention. Listeners are more likely to discuss these two educational issues in their personal communication networks and are also more likely to have other listeners to the radio program in their personal communication networks. Respondents demonstrate a relatively high degree of homophily with their network partners and are more likely to discuss matters arising from the radio program with their network partners who are of similar tribal membership, religious affiliation, and gender, and those who are equally or more highly educated than themselves.
openalex: W2003151126 mag: 2003151126
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Personal Communication Networks and the Effects of an Entertainment-Education Radio Soap Opera in Tanzania - Mohammed, Shaheed Nick (Journal of Health Communication, 2001)
The personal networks of listeners and nonlisteners to an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania are examined to determine the effects of interpersonal discussion of the soap opera's educational themes of family planning and HIV prevention. Listeners are more likely to discuss these two educational issues in their personal communication networks and are also more likely to have other listeners to the radio program in their personal communication networks. Respondents demonstrate a relatively high degree of homophily with their network partners and are more likely to discuss matters arising from the radio program with their network partners who are of similar tribal membership, religious affiliation, and gender, and those who are equally or more highly educated than themselves.
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT ALBENDAZOLE AND MEBENDAZOLE REGIMENS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF USIGU DIVISION, WESTERN KENYA - Muchiri, Eric M.; Thíongo, F. W.; Magnussen, Pascal; Ouma, John H. (Journal of Parasitology, 2001)
A clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of 4- and 6-mo repeated treatment with albendazole 600 mg (Zentel, SmithKline Beecham) or mebendazole 600 mg (Vermox, Janssen) on geohelminth infections was carried out on children in 6 primary schools; the study included 1,186 children, ages 4 to 19 yr. Kato-Katz examination was performed on stool samples before and after treatment. Overall, albendazole produced better cure rates and egg reduction rates for geohelminths. The cure rates for albendazole were 92.4% for hookworm infection, 83.5% for Ascaris lumbricoides, and 67.8% for Trichuris trichiura. Mebendazole given either 2 or 3 times in a year had cure rates of 50 and 55.0% (respectively) for hookworm, 79.6 and 97.5% for A. lumbricoides, and 60.6 and 68.3% for T. trichiura infection. The geometric mean intensity of hookworm eggs per gram (epg) of stool decreased by 96.7% after albendazole treatment compared with 66.3 and 85.1%, respectively, for 2 or 3 doses of mebendazole (P < 0.05) over the same period. Reductions in epg for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were comparable for both drugs. Our results indicate that treatment with albendazole at a 6-mo interval was more effective than mebendazole regimens and may be the best choice for use in the control of the 3 geohelminths.
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African American Mathematic Student Perceptions of Peers, Education, and Mathematical Experiences. - Powell-Mikle, Angiline (2001)
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Against the odds: the meaning of school and relationships in the lives of six young African-American men - Price, Jeremy N. (Choice Reviews Online, 2001)
Introduction The Six Young Men The Politics of a White Researcher Learning About Young African-American Men's Experiences of School Situated Meanings of the High School Diploma Accommodation and Critique if Life in Classrooms Building Connections Images of Self, Images of Others Power, Privilege, and Inequality References Author Index Subject Index
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A Distant Mirror: Mathematics Education in South Africa. - Saul, Mark (2001)
This essay reports on the current state of mathematics education in South Africa. It describes visiting schools and universities and reports on the views of various members of South Africa's mathematical community. Exchanges with students during classroom visits are also
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"Because We Did More With Less": The Agency of African American Teachers in Franklin, Tennessee: 1890-1967 - Savage, Carter Julian (Peabody Journal of Education, 2001)
(2001). 'Because We Did More With Less': The Agency of African American Teachers in Franklin, Tennessee: 1890-1967. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 170-203.
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'Who Guards the Guards in Schools?' A Study of Reported Cases of Child Abuse by Teachers in Zimbabwean Secondary Schools - Shumba, Almon (Sex Education:Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2001)
Teachers play an important part as role models and moral educators within their schools because they act in loco parentis to their pupils. In such roles, teachers are expected to guide their pupils and make them aware of their roles and of practices within society. However, some teachers tend to use their manipulative powers and abuse their pupils sexually, physically or emotionally. Education is a social process by which society transmits to children those aspects of its culture that are considered fundamental and vital for its own survival and stability. Sex education is one such vehicle that is used by teachers to transmit culture to the emergent generation. This study examined abuses that are perpetrated by some teachers charged with the responsibility of transmitting societal values, morals, norms and beliefs to children. Content analysis was used to generate data from the files of reported perpetrators of child abuse. Demographic data show that 212 sexual abuse cases, 33 physical abuse cases and one emotional abuse case were reported. The great majority of the perpetrators of sexual abuse were male. Sexual abuse perpetrators committed such abuses on their victims as sexual intercourse, having a love affair, fondling breasts, buttocks or thighs, kissing, hugging or caressing, rape and attempted rape, and showing pupils pornographic materials. The majority of physical abuse perpetrators were male. Physical abuse perpetrators committed the following forms of abuses on their victims: beating, caning, whipping or hitting, slapping or clapping, punching with fists, and kicking. Only one case of emotional abuse was reported in this study. If teachers act in loco parentis to their pupils within schools and have no regard for them, then 'Who guards the guards in schools?' This implies that children are at the mercy of the world in such schools.
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The reproduction of ethnicity through children and chilhood: education in post-apartheid South Africa - Singh, Anand (International Journal of Anthropology, 2001)
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Reducing the Gap: Success for All and the Achievement of African-American and Latino Students. - Slavin, Robert E.; Madden, Nancy A. (2001)
The gap in academic achievement between African-American and Latino children and their White peers is arguably the most important of all educational and social problems in the U.S. On fourth-grade NAEP reading scores, the gap diminished during the 1970’s, but has remained virtually unchanged since the early 1980’s. This paper presents research on the effects of Success for All, a comprehensive reform model for elementary schools, on the achievement gap. A large number of studies have found significant positive effects of Success for All on the reading achievement of African-American and Latino students. A Texas statewide evaluation of 111 Success for All schools found that while the TAAS-Reading achievement gap was diminishing for all students in Texas in 1994-98, probably due to a ceiling effect for White students, it diminished significantly more for both African-American and Latino students in Success for All schools. For schools that had implemented Success for All for the longest time (four years), the final gap was only four percentage points for African-American students and seven for Latinos, compared to 14 and 10, respectively, for Texas African-American and Latino students not in SFA schools. The results of the Success for All studies, as well as studies of other interventions, suggest that African-American and Latino students may be particularly responsive to improved quality of instruction, and that with a variety of educational interventions it may be possible to substantially reduce or eliminate the persistent achievement
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Plume-Lithosphere Interaction and the Origin of Continental Rift-related Alkaline Volcanism–the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Province, Southern Kenya - Späth, Andreas; Roex, Anton P. le; Opiyo-Akech, Nobert (Journal of Petrology, 2001)
Geochemical data are presented for primitive alkaline lavas from the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Province of southern Kenya, situated some 100 km east of the Kenya Rift Valley. In addition to their primitive compositions, a striking and ubiquitous feature is a strong but variable depletion in K relative to other highly incompatible elements when normalized to primitive mantle values. Semi-quantitative models are developed that best explain the petrogenesis of these lavas in terms of partial melting of a source that contained residual amphibole (but not phlogopite). The presence of amphibole implies a source in the subcontinental lithosphere rather than the asthenosphere. It is suggested that the amphibole is of metasomatic origin and was precipitated in the lithospheric mantle by infiltrating fluids and/or melts derived from rising mantle plume material. A raised geotherm as a consequence of the continued ascent of the plume material led to dehydration melting of the metasomatized mantle and generation of the Chyulu Hills lavas. It is proposed that the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Province represents an analogue for the earliest stages of continental rift initiation, during which interaction between a plume and initially refractory lithosphere may lead to the generation of lithospheric melts.
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Depression, APOE genotype and subjective memory impairment: a cross-sectional study in an African-Caribbean population - Stewart, Robert; Russ, Carsten; Richards, M; Brayne, Carol; Lovestone, Simon; Mann, Anthony (Psychological Medicine, 2001)
Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is common in older populations but its aetiology and clinical significance is uncertain. Depression has been reported to be strongly associated with SMI. Associations with objective cognitive impairment are less clear cut. Other factors suggested to be associated with SMI include poor physical health and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele. Studies of SMI have been predominantly confined to white Caucasian populations.A community study was carried out in a UK African-Caribbean population aged 55-75, sampled from primary care lists. Twenty-three per cent were classified with SMI. Depression was defined using the 10-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Other aetiological factors investigated were education, objective cognitive function, APOE genotype, disablement and vascular disease/risk. The principal analysis was restricted to 243 participants scoring > 20 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (85%). A second analysis included all 290 participants.Depression, self-reported physical impairment and APOE epsilon4 were associated with SMI. The association between SMI and physical impairment was not explained by depression, vascular disease/risk, or disability/handicap. The association between epsilon4 and SMI increased as MMSE scores decreased and was particularly strong in those with depression. The epsilon4 allele was present in 69% (95% CI 41-89%) of those with depression and SMI compared with 28% (20-36%) of those with neither.Depression may not be a sufficient explanation for subjective memory complaints. Memory complaints in the presence of depression are associated with high prevalence of epsilon4 and therefore, presumably, a raised risk of subsequent dementia.
openalex: W2099277777 mag: 2099277777
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Strengths and Learning Needs of African American Fathers - Strom, Robert D.; Amukamara, Humphrey; Strom, Paris S.; Beckert, Troy E.; Strom, Shirley; Griswold, Dianne (Journal of Family Studies, 2001)
The purpose of this study was to determine how African-American fathers of 10- to 14-year-olds viewed their strengths and learning needs as parents and to find out how children in this age group perceived the parent performance of their fathers. The Parent Success Indicator (PSI) was completed by 102 fathers and 104 adolescents. Significant differences were found between generations on 5 of 6 scales and 26 of 60 items. Independent variables with the greatest effect on how both generations viewed parent success were: amount of time father and child spent together, having an adult at home when the child returned from school, and gender of child. Recommendations were made for the content themes of a parent curriculum to address the learning needs of these fathers.
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FACTORS INFLUENCING ESTIMATES OF GAINS MADE AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND CAUCASIAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS - Swigart, Theodore E.; Murrell, Patricia H. (Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 2001)
At the heart of Pace's theory (1979, 1984) is the notion that what students gain from college is largely determined by the breadth and amount of effort they exert toward their education. Pace and his colleagues have operationally defined this construct in the Quality of Effort scales of the Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire (Friedlander, Pace, & Lehman, 1999). Student development theory (Miller & Winston, 1990) has suggested that the unique influences on growth between and among students of differing ethnic backgrounds should not be overlooked. This study examined whether African-American and Caucasian students attending a two-year college differed in the relationship between the quality of their efforts exerted toward important educational objectives and their perceptions of growth and development in academic and nonacademic domains. The results suggest that the relationship between student effort and self-reported gains are not the same for African-American and Caucasian students. When background variables were statistically controlled for, quality of effort yielded several common and unique influences on estimates of gains made for each group. African-American students reported greater gains, which were explained by more involvement toward the completion of important educational objectives. These findings are discussed in light of Pace's theory and past research on students attending two- and four-year institutions. Limitations of the current research design are discussed and implications for faculty members, administrators and others who formulate policy and programming at community colleges are outlined as well.
openalex: W2108723088 mag: 2108723088
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The prevalence of lice infesting students of primary, preparatory and secondary schools in Cairo, Egypt. - Ta, Morsy; Rg, el-Ela; My, Mawla; Sa, Khalaf (PubMed, 2001)
Human lice (head and body) are among the arthropod-ectoparasites of worldwide distribution. Examining students in primary, preparatory and secondary schools recorded prevalence rates of 21.86%, 30.38% and 12.94% respectively. The overall rate of the lice infestation in the three schools was 384 out of 1772 or 21.67%. The prevalence rate of lice infestation among males and females were 17.02% & 37.8% (primary school), 27.8% & 33.1% (preparatory school), and 12.0% & 13.9% (secondary school). These totaled 17.7% (males) and 30.26% (females). The overall ratio of head to body lice was 18.2:1. Consequently, lice mainly the head louse, are still a public health problem particularly among female students in the primary and preparatory schools. In the secondary school prevalence rate of the lice infestation was low. So human lice is still a community health problem.
openalex: W112549936 mag: 112549936
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Non-Formal Education in Urban Kenya: Findings of a Study in Kisumu, Mombasa and Nairobi. - Thompson, Ekundayo J. D. (2001)
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Education and the African renaissance - Tikly, LP; Memella, J (2001)
openalex: W2772616261 mag: 2772616261
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The balanced scorecard as a potential instrument for supporting the planning and improvement of accounting education in South Africa - Vermaak, Frans N.S.; Cronjé, Christo (Meditari : Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 2001)
This paper illustrates the potential of the balanced scorecard as an instrument for accounting educators to guide, stimulate and sustain efforts in respect of planning and improvement in the accounting education environment. The results of the reported survey among the heads of eleven accounting departments at South African universities support the potential applicability of the balanced scorecard in this regard.
openalex: W2013458985 mag: 2013458985
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A Principal's Perspective of School Integration: The First School to Integrate in Cape Town, South Africa - Wieder, Alan (Equity & Excellence in Education, 2001)
openalex: W2135916966 mag: 2135916966
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Stroke-related mortality at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana - Wiredu, Edwin K.; Nyame, P.K. (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To determine whether mortality from and the pattern of stroke have changed since the last study in Accra in 1981, the sites of the different types of stroke and the role of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease and to describe the age and sex distribution.Cross-sectional study of fatal stroke cases over a five-year period.Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.All fatal strokes in persons aged 20 years and above, confirmed at autopsy.Mortality from stroke constituted eleven per cent of autopsies carried out at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, in the five-year period 1994 to 1998. A similar study in 1981 showed the same proportion indicating that the proportion of deaths due to stroke has not changed. The overall male to female ratio was 1.2:1 but the relative risk (RR) of death from stroke was higher for females at 1.23 (95% CI=1.10-1.38). Although haemorrhagic stroke was still more common than cerebral infarction the proportion (61 %) was much less than that of the previous study (89%). Males were more likely (RR 2.07 95% CI=1.75-2.45) to die from haemorrhagic stroke than females (RR 1.32, 95% CI=1.10-1.57). Sixty nine per cent of stroke patients died in less than 24 hours after onset of stroke. The peak age of fatal haemorrhagic stroke was 50-59 years and that of infarction was 60-69 years. Male mortality exceeded female mortality in all age groups up to 60-69 years after which female mortality became preponderant (chi2 with Yates correction = 4.28,0.05>p<0.02). Hypertension was the dominant factor in haemorrhage and an important factor in infarction while cerebral atherosclerosis was the major factor in infarction. Haemorrhage into intraparenchymal sites, mainly the cerebral hemispheres, was more common than into the subarachnoid space.The proportion of deaths from stroke in autopsy cases has not changed since the last study in 1981 and stroke still remains an important cause of death in Accra. Cerebral haemorrhage is still a more common cause of fatal stroke than infarction, although the pattern appears to be changing gradually. Females have a slightly greater risk of dying from stroke than males. A community-based study is needed to provide more insight into some aspects of the problem and to provide the basis for appropriate interventions and policy, especially with regard to a control of risk factors.
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The Christian Missions and Western Education in Ilorin, Nigeria: A Century of Resistance and Challenge: 1847–1957 - Yahya, Eliasu (Journal of Muslim minority affairs, 2001)
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The Christian Missions and Western Education in Ilorin, Nigeria: A Century of Resistance and Challenge: 1847–1957 - Yahya, Eliasu (Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2001)
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The Christian Missions and Western Education in Ilorin, Nigeria: A Century of Resistance and Challenge: 18471957 - Yahya, Eliasu (Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2001)
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Rethinking Poverty and Education: an attempt by an education programme in Malawi to have an impact on poverty - Durston, Nice Nashire Susan (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2001)
The Malawi Primary Community Schools Programme was conceived within the context of a new democracy, a changing policy environment and some of the worst social indicators in the world. It was developed through a consultative process on the tide of the introduction of free primary education. While the programme was part of a long-term social sector development programme which aimed to bring social and economic benefits to the population at large, the Community Schools Programme developed its own strategies designed to have an impact on poverty for a limited number of people in the short term. These are analysed in terms of impact on the poor and influence on other pro-poor policies and strategies. The authors conclude that it is possible for a programme in one sector to benefit the poor and to influence other programmes to be more pro-poor, but that this would be more effective as part of a broader multi-sector strategy. They also conclude that the reported impact was achieved through integration between the processes of construction, education and community participation, rarely mirrored in typical ministry settings, and that there would be value, both to Malawi and others, in documenting and analysing the dynamics and institutional issues which made this possible.
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The Debate on Public Education in Late Parliamentary Egypt, 1943-1952 - Ikeda, Misako (Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies, 2001)
openalex: W3049194268 mag: 3049194268
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Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanant incisors of 9-12-years-old school children in Damascus, Syria - Beiruti, N.; Marcenes, Wagner; Tayfour, D.; Issa, Sajjad Salim (Eastern Mediterranean health journal, 2001)
This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess epidemiological data concerning dental injuries to the permanent incisors of Syrian children. It included 1087 children aged 9 to 12 years, of both sexes, randomly selected from public and private primary schools in Damascus. The response rate was 100%. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors rose from 5.2% at the age of 9 years to 11.7% at the age of 12 years [P = 0.007]. The difference in prevalence between boys and girls was not statistically significant [P > 0.05]. The majority [59.8%] of children who had experienced injuries to the permanent incisors reported that they were not taken to the dentist for evaluation or treatment of the damage. Among those children who had experienced traumatic injuries to the teeth 93.1% presented with untreated damage. Because some injuries were minor, such as small enamel fractures, the proportion of children who needed treatment was 63.2%. There was a tendency for children with an incisal overjet greater than 5 mm to have experienced dental injuries [P = 0.06]. Children with inadequate lip covcmgc were more likely to have experienced dental injuries than those with adequate lip coverage [P = 0.000]. The most common reported cause of iniuries to the permanent incisors was violence [42.5%], followed by traffic accidents [24.1%] collisions with people or inanimate objects [16.0%] and falls [9.1%]. In conclusion, traumatic dental injury may pose a serious dental public health problem.
openalex: W3197040534 mag: 3197040534
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[Profile of first year dental students in Tunisia] - Maatouk, Fethi; El-May, W; Ghédira, Hichem; Fathallah, Nadia (Eastern Mediterranean health journal, 2001)
The aim of this study was to assess social conditions, school history, professional choices and oral health status of first-year dental students 1998/1999. We included 155 Tunisian students, 18-22 years old. There was a higher proportion of female students (58%) whose average age (18.9 years) was younger than the males. We found that 79% came from urban environments and 41% from middle socioeconomic background. Also 48% had parents who had a high level of education. Dental studies were the first choice for 50% of the students and they were looking for prestige and security. Concerning oral heath status, 88% of the students had periodontal problems and 70% had caries. More information for students about the options available to them at university and greater efforts from teachers to motivate students in oral hygiene are needed.
openalex: W2402800153 mag: 2402800153
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The Present Conditions and Issues in Zambian Education - Tsuruda, Yoshio (2001)
openalex: W3034010261 mag: 3034010261
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Acceptance of co-operatve education practice by the Academic Staff at Technikon South Africa - Groenewald, Thomas; Lessing, Doris (Sa Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2001)
Technikons advocate the practice of co-operative education, which is an educational strategy that integrates learning through productive work with the theoretical curriculum. However, only 35% of theTechnikon SA programmes have a compulsory experiential learning component. Grounded theory research was undertaken to determine some of the basic assumptions of Technikon SA’s academic staff in this regard. Rather than starting out with a specific research problem, grounded theory explores an area of interest and allows what is relevant to emerge. Semi-structured interviews with four open-ended questions, were conducted with a stratified-random sample of 25 teaching staff at Technikon SA. It was found that, although there is some willing compliance and belief in co-operative education, it is not indicative of the organisational culture of Technikon SA. Opsomming Technikons propageer die beoefening van ko˛peratiewe onderwys,’n opvoedkundige strategiewat leer deur produktiewewerkservaring integreermet die teoretiese kurrikulum. ByTechnikon SAegter, het slegs sowat 35% van die formele programme ’n verpligte leerervarings komponent.Teoretiese-begrondings navorsingsmetodologie is gebruik omsekere basiese veronderstellings van akademiese personeel te bepaal. Eerder as om’n spesifieke navorsingsprobleemas vertrekpunt te gebruik, ondersoek teoretiese-begronding’n areavan belang en laat die metodiek die relevante sake toe omte voorskyn te kom. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude,met vier ope vrae, is gevoer met ’n gestratifiseerde eweskansige steekproef van 25 akademiese personeellede vanTechnikon SA. Daar is bevind dat alhoewel daar beperkte oortuiging en gewillige uitlewing van kooperatiewe onderwys is, is dit nie beduidend as kenmerkend van die organisasie kultuur vanTechnikon SA nie.
openalex: W2112025172 mag: 2112025172
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Access To Justice And The Role Of Law Schools In Developing Countries: The South African Experience - McQuoid‐Mason, David (Social Science Research Network, 2001)
The term to is generally used to refer to the provision of access to state-sponsored health, housing, welfare, education and legal services, particularly for the poor. In the narrow sense it refers to access to legal services which include access to legal advice and legal representation. In schools this access is provided by students and staff working in live client clinics. The narrow meaning of access to justice can be expanded to include the provision of access to information about legal rights and responsibilities to the general public. This can be done by schools introducing Street law education programs whereby students are trained to educate lay people about the law. In developing countries schools can play a crucial role in supplementing the sometimes rudimentary legal services provided to the poor by the state, and in educating ordinary people about the law, human rights and democracy. South African schools became directly involved in the delivery of legal advice and services during the early 1970s when the first live client clinics were set up by faculties and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). During this period very few schools sought to change the apartheid system by becoming directly involved in human rights issues. In the mid-1980s Street law programs began to be introduced at schools to educate people about their legal rights and the need for change. By the 1990s an increasing number of schools became actively involved in the promotion of human rights and democracy, and several legal academics were involved in the drafting of the new Constitution. Access to justice in South Africa improved dramatically during the 1990s, especially after the introduction of a constitutional democracy in 1994. Although the Constitution guarantees access to legal representation in criminal cases this has posed new challenges for schools and clinics regarding civil cases. The right to legal representation in civil matters has not been tested in the Constitutional Court, and the burden of providing this service is increasingly falling on NGOs and clinics, particularly in respect of social and economic rights. This has led to exciting new opportunities such as clinics and NGOs entering into formal partnerships with the state-funded legal aid scheme to assist in the delivery of legal services and advice. As a result clinic operations have become more focused and more sophisticated. At the same time Street law programs are assisting the government in achieving its mission of promoting a culture of legality, human rights and democracy. The South African experience is that schools in developing countries can make a significant contribution to access to justice in both repressive and democratic political environments. They can do likewise in educating ordinary citizens about their legal rights. What sets developing countries apart from developed countries is that schools in the former have a special duty to serve their communities. This is because they often operate as a privileged island in a sea of scarce resources, particularly when it comes to providing access to justice for the poor.
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Noble gas isotopic compositions and water/gas chemistry of soda springs from the islands of Bioko, São Tomé and Annobon, along with Cameroon Volcanic Line, West Africa - Aka, Festus Tongwa; Kusakabe, Minoru; Nagao, Keisuke; Tanyileke, Gregory (Applied Geochemistry, 2001)
Chemical and isotopic compositions are reported for water, and CO2 and noble gases in groundwater and soda springs from Bioko, Principé, São Tomé and Annobon, all islands located in the off-shore part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in West Africa. The soda spring waters are of Ca–Mg–HCO3 type, with δD and δ18O values that range from −20 to −8‰ and −5.4 to −2.7‰ respectively, indicative of a meteoric origin. CO2 is the main gas species in the springs. δ13C–CO2 values vary from −2.8 to −5.0‰, overlapping the observed mantle C range (−3 to −8‰). CO2/3He ratios (3–9×109) suggest that most C (∼90%) in the samples is derived from the mantle. Neon has atmospheric isotopic compositions, while Ar is slightly enriched in radiogenic 40Ar. 3He/4He ratios (3.0 to 10.1×10−6 or 2.1 to 7.2Ra, where Ra is the atmospheric ratio of 1.4×10−6) are much higher than those for typical crustal fluids (∼10−8) but lower than those expected for fluids derived from ‘high-3He/4He’ hotspots like Loihi and Iceland. This precludes significant contributions of such fluids in the source regions of the gases, and by inference, in the magmatism of these oceanic islands. Alternatively, approximately 90% of the He in São Tomé gases is inferred to be derived from a source similar to the MORB source. The 3He/4He ratio for the Bioko gas (6.6×10−6) may be derived from a source with a higher time integrated (U+Th)/3He ratio than the MORB source.
openalex: W1973937906 mag: 1973937906
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Some historical perspectives in the development of special education in Ghana - Avoke, Mawutor (European Journal of Special Needs Education, 2001)
This paper traces the development of special education in Ghana, with a particular focus on the education of people with learning difficulties. The influence of the British perspective is recognized as having played a critical role in its initial development; but while trends are increasingly shifting towards inclusive practices, the institutionalization of people with learning difficulties and others with disabilities remains an entrenched practice. Evidence of official government rhetoric towards inclusive practices is noted, but prevailing traditional structures in special education service delivery and administration prevent its practical reality, especially for many pupils with learning difficulties.
openalex: W2144776767 mag: 2144776767
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[Oral hygiene habits and dental caries among students. Investigation of 150 students in university housing in Dakar, Senegal]. - Aw, Kane; Faye, B; Touré, B; Sarr, Moussa; Cissé, Daouda; Diop, Ousseynou; Diallo, Boubacar (PubMed, 2001)
The objective of this study is to describe the oral hygiene habits and the status of the teeth decay of 150 senegalese students living in a university campus. The results showed that the toothbrush as mean of oral hygiene supplanted the traditional means such as "cure dents" or water rinse with finger. Results showed also a high rate decay (60%) but the CAO index remained low (2.04%). We founded an improvement of dental decay status with an increasing daily number of tooth brushing: we noted a decreasing dental plaque deposition rate, a decreasing decay rate and a CAO index remaining low until adult age.
openalex: W2414484292 mag: 2414484292
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A social contract between the public higher education sector and the people of South Africa - Bawa, Ahmed C. (South African journal of higher education, 2001)
The South African university system is facing a crisis as the new policy period unfolds. This crisis stems from factors which are particular to South Africa and others which are due to the transformatory pressures on the nature of universities globally which are a result of salient changes to the processes of knowledge generation and dissemination. This article argues that the resolution of this crisis requires the establishment of a process that is led by the higher education sector that would lead to the development of a social contract between itself and the people of South Africa. It is argued further that this approach differs in very fundamental ways from the policy process that has been engaged in since 1994. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.15(3) 2001: 10-16
openalex: W2049653642 mag: 2049653642
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Chemostratigraphy of the Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation, South Africa: implications for coupled climate change and carbon cycling - Bekker, Andrey (American journal of science (1880), 2001)
The Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation lies stratigraphically beneath the Timeball Hill Formation, which contains the only unequivocal glacial unit of this era in the Transvaal Basin, South Africa.Lithologic evidence in Paleoproterozoic successions of North America, however, indicates the existence of three discrete and potentially global ice ages within this 300 my interval.Carbonates of the Duitschland Formation are significantly enriched in 13 C up to ؉10.1 permil in the upper part of the succession above a notable sequence boundary.In contrast, the lower part of this unit contains carbonates with consistently negative ␦ 13 C values.Trace and major element compositions of these carbonates as well as carbon-isotopic compositions of coexisting organic matter support a primary origin for the markedly positive carbon isotope anomaly.The stratigraphic constraints indicate that 13 C-enriched carbonates were deposited prior to Paleoproterozoic glaciation in southern Africa, similar to carbonates stratigraphically beneath Neoproterozoic glacial diamictites worldwide.Also mirroring the Neoproterozoic record are strongly negative ␦ 13 C values in cap carbonates atop glacial diamictites in Paleoproterozoic strata of Wyoming and Ontario.The litho-and chemostratigraphic constraints indicate that the interval of negative carbon isotope values in well-preserved carbonates of the lower Duitschland Formation may reflect a second Paleoproterozoic ice age in the Transvaal succession.This interpretation is further supported by recently discovered bullet-shaped clasts with striations in diamictite from the basal part of the succession.Thus, the emerging temporal pattern of carbon isotope variations and glaciation in the Paleoproterozoic has a close analogue to Neoproterozoic events, suggesting a coupling of climatic and biogeochemical changes at both ends of the eon.
openalex: W2018268886 mag: 2018268886
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Chemostratigraphy of the Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation, South Africa: implications for coupled climate change and carbon cycling - Bekker, Andrey (American journal of science (1880), 2001)
The Paleoproterozoic Duitschland Formation lies stratigraphically beneath the Timeball Hill Formation, which contains the only unequivocal glacial unit of this era in the Transvaal Basin, South Africa.Lithologic evidence in Paleoproterozoic successions of North America, however, indicates the existence of three discrete and potentially global ice ages within this 300 my interval.Carbonates of the Duitschland Formation are significantly enriched in 13 C up to ؉10.1 permil in the upper part of the succession above a notable sequence boundary.In contrast, the lower part of this unit contains carbonates with consistently negative ␦ 13 C values.Trace and major element compositions of these carbonates as well as carbon-isotopic compositions of coexisting organic matter support a primary origin for the markedly positive carbon isotope anomaly.The stratigraphic constraints indicate that 13 C-enriched carbonates were deposited prior to Paleoproterozoic glaciation in southern Africa, similar to carbonates stratigraphically beneath Neoproterozoic glacial diamictites worldwide.Also mirroring the Neoproterozoic record are strongly negative ␦ 13 C values in cap carbonates atop glacial diamictites in Paleoproterozoic strata of Wyoming and Ontario.The litho-and chemostratigraphic constraints indicate that the interval of negative carbon isotope values in well-preserved carbonates of the lower Duitschland Formation may reflect a second Paleoproterozoic ice age in the Transvaal succession.This interpretation is further supported by recently discovered bullet-shaped clasts with striations in diamictite from the basal part of the succession.Thus, the emerging temporal pattern of carbon isotope variations and glaciation in the Paleoproterozoic has a close analogue to Neoproterozoic events, suggesting a coupling of climatic and biogeochemical changes at both ends of the eon.
openalex: W2018268886 mag: 2018268886
Keywords: openalex:import; openalex:yes

Predictive Factors for the Enrollment of African American Students in Special Education Preservice Programs. - Belcher, Rebecca Newcom (2001)
The overrepresentation of African American students in special education programs is of national concern. Research has identified a higher special education placement rate of African American male students with Caucasian teachers. Yet the current U.S. teaching force includes only 4 percent African American teachers. To identify factors predictive of African American students enrolling in special education preservice teacher preparation programs, African American students were surveyed at 25 historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) nationwide and 8 Missouri public universities and colleges that offered special education teacher preparation programs. For students enrolled in HBCUs, the major factors were a desire to reverse the overrepresentation of African American students in special education programs, a desire to advocate for special needs students with the same cultural background, and the inspiration of a special needs person. For students in Missouri universities and colleges, the decisive factors were the inspiration of a special needs person and the feeling of being called to be a special educator. Role models and the financial advantages of forgivable loans, scholarships, and teaching were not factors in the decision-making process for either group. Recommendations are offered for recruiting African American students into special education preservice teacher preparation programs. Five tables present survey results. (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) II/his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Judy Weyrauch TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). Rebecca Newcom Belcher Lincoln University 820 Chestnut 452A MLK Jefferson City, MO 65102 PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR THE F NPIILLMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION PRESERVICE PROGRAMS The need for highly qualified diverse special educators has reached crisis proportions. Every state reported a serious shortage of special education classroom teachers during the past school year (NCPSE, 2000). There is an alarming racial disparity between students and teachers in our nation's schools that threatens to impact the quality of education for all students. Currently nine out of ten teachers are Caucasian nationwide, while students of color represent 37% of elementary and secondary school students (Alliance for Equity in Higher Education, 2000). The racial composition of the teaching staff and the disparities in representatives of Caucasian and African American males in special education were studied in ten United State cities, Atlanta, Cleveland, Miami, Chicago, Houston, Detroit, New York, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and San Diego (Herrera, 1998). A relationship was found between the number of African American male students placed in special education and the number of Caucasian teachers in the school system. Currently enrollment in teacher education programs is identified as over 80% Caucasian and 16% minority (Alliance for Equity in Higher Education, 2000). The United States is significantly more diverse than it was at the beginning of the last century. In 1999, the United States Census Bureau reported that 72% of the total population was Caucasian.
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Public understanding of science in South Africa - aiming for better intervention strategies : science education - Blankley, William; Arnold, Robyn E. (South African Journal of Science, 2001)
Nationally representative surveys to gauge the public understanding of science and attitudes towards science and technology have been undertaken in many developed countries. In March 1999, a national survey, using items from international surveys as well as locally developed items, was commissioned by the Foundation for Research Development (FRD) and undertaken by the Human SciencesResearch Council (HSRC). The sample population comprised 2207 randomly selected adults distributed throughout South Africa. The data were weighted appropriately to match the demographics of the national adult population. The survey produced some notable results. Over 30% of adults had never studied mathematics at school, 50% had never studied biological science, and 55% had never studied physical or chemical science. The low level of understanding of science in South Africa was revealed through an international eight-item index of promise and reservation about science and technology. The results of the survey seem to indicate that mathematics and science are low-salience issues for most adults - ones they had not thought about very much, if at all, prior to the survey. Experience abroad has shown that the most profound impact on the levels of public understanding of science is made by improving the delivery of science and mathematics teaching at school and higher education levels. In South Africa, however, to concentrate all efforts at primary, secondary and tertiary education levels would be to exclude most adult citizens from participation in the democratic process surrounding R&D investment. Ways have to be found to increase levels of understanding among the large cohort of adults who suffered under or boycotted apartheid education, and using mass media might be an effectivewayof accomplishing this, given the levels of interest in science among the identified target groups. The results suggest that, where levels of conceptual development regarding science appear to be extremely low, communicators and policy makers need to exercise care and forethought in promoting science to the general public.
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Perspectives on education law and policy in South Africa - Bray, Elmene; Beckmann, Johan; Groof, Jan De (Perspectives in Education, 2001)
openalex: W94612126 mag: 94612126
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How to bridge the "great divide" : the dilemma for the policy and practice of "Recognition of Prior Learning" (RPL) in South Africa : current issues in education law and policy - Breier, Mignonne (Perspectives in Education, 2001)
The recognition of prior learning is an important principle of current education policy in South Africa and a number of higher education institutions are introducing policies and procedures to implement it. Most of these provide for RPL for access rather than for credits or qualifications. The concern is with pre-entry testing and preparation but little attention is paid to the recognition of prior learning, in the full senses of these words, post-entry. Yet this is an important consideration if the expectations of access with success, which have been created by policy, are to be realised. The research which informs this article tried to fill that vacuum by focusing on the lectures and examination of a university certificate course in Labour Law which had admitted students with limited formal schooling but with 'experience'. The analytic framework draws on the theories of Bernstein and Bourdieu. Success in the course was found to be associated with an understanding of the classficatory principles governing the recruitment of local experience, the possession of a repertoire of strategies, which included but went far beyond the recruitment of personal experience and knowledge, and a particular orientation towards the general (away from the particular) and towards 'symbolic labour'. It also required language and literacy skills. For some, it involved a shift, if only temporarily, from a collective to an individual identity. This style of participation was largely associated with formal education but also to be found among students with limited schooling who had had exposure to other formal discourses.
openalex: W2991123435 mag: 2991123435
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Divergence between Drosophila santomea and allopatric or sympatric populations of D. yakuba using paralogous amylase genes and migration scenarios along the Cameroon volcanic line - Cariou, Marie‐Louise; Silvain, Jean‐François; Daubin, Vincent; Lage, Jean-Luc Da; Lachaise, Daniel (Molecular Ecology, 2001)
We have used two paralogous genes (Amyrel and Amy) of the amylase multigene family to reconstruct the phylogeny of the nine Drosophila melanogaster subgroup sister species, including D. santomea, the newly discovered endemic from São Tomé island. The evolutionary divergence of these genes is of special interest as it is suspected to result from physiological evolution via gene duplication. This paper describes the relationship between the geographical origin of the various strains and the patterns of mating and phylogeny, focusing on the evolution of D. santomea and its relationship to other species and their niches. The Amyrel and Amy data indicate that, contrary to expectations, the sympatric insular D. yakuba population is less closely related to D. santomea than allopatric mainland ones, suggesting that the extant insular D. yakuba population on São Tomé results from a recent secondary colonization. Data for sympatric and allopatric D. yakuba suggest that D. santomea arose from a mainland D. yakuba parental stock when montane habitats of the Cameroon volcanic line extended to lower altitudes during colder and less humid periods. Despite their different modes of evolution and different functions, the Amyrel and Amy genes provide remarkably consistent topologies and hence reflect the same history, that of the species.
openalex: W2101062593 mag: 2101062593
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Strategic Suggestions for Survival When Providing Public Administration Training in Under-Developed Settings: The Case of Swaziland - Daly, John L.; Green, Marnie E. (Public Personnel Management, 2001)
This article offers strategies for improving one's technical assistance and training effectiveness in underdeveloped managerial setting. The author's suggestions are based on observations gained while providing technical assistance and training to government officials and civil servants in the Kingdom of Swaziland during 1998 and 1999. The examples provided relate to Swaziland. Nevertheless, they are applicable in many other similar settings. These survival strategies will be of great value to individuals seeking coping skills in unfamiliar surroundings. This is particularly true for first-time international consultants.
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Body dissatisfaction among White and African American male and female college students - DiGioacchino, Rita; Sargent, Roger G.; Topping, Marvette (Eating behaviors, 2001)
Body size perception has been shown to be highly influenced by cultural factors including race. This study assessed body size perceptions of a convenience sample of college students (N=630). Included in a paper-and-pencil survey were current height and weight (body mass index (BMI)=wt [kg]/ht(2) [m]), perceived BMI, desired MI and perceptions of BMIs desired by others. Also assessed were perceptions of underweight, acceptable weight and overweight/obesity. African American females were found to have a higher current BMI than Whites (P< or =.001), higher desired BMI (P< or =.001) and higher BMI perceived to be desired by others (P< or =.001). African American and White males did not differ on any of these measures. Most (83%) underweight (BMI<19) African American females perceived themselves as underweight while only about one-half of underweight (56%) White females perceived themselves as underweight. Almost half (43%) of White females and about a fourth (27%) of African American females of acceptable BMI range (BMI=19-25) desired to be in the underweight range. Of those who were overweight (BMI=25-30), 20% of the Whites and only 3.0% of the African Americans chose an underweight silhouette as being desired. While African Americans and White males tended to have similar perceptions that there remains sociocultural influences in African American females regarding acceptance of a large body size.
openalex: W2083531811 mag: 2083531811
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Rethinking Poverty and Education: An attempt by an education programme in Malawi to have an impact on poverty - Durston, Susan; Nashire, Nice (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2001)
The Malawi Primary Community Schools Programme was conceived within the context of a new democracy, a changing policy environment and some of the worst social indicators in the world. It was developed through a consultative process on the tide of the introduction of free primary education. While the programme was part of a long-term social sector development programme which aimed to bring social and economic benefits to the population at large, the Community Schools Programme developed its own strategies designed to have an impact on poverty for a limited number of people in the short term. These are analysed in terms of impact on the poor and influence on other pro-poor policies and strategies. The authors conclude that it is possible for a programme in one sector to benefit the poor and to influence other programmes to be more pro-poor, but that this would be more effective as part of a broader multi-sector strategy. They also conclude that the reported impact was achieved through integration between the processes of construction, education and community participation, rarely mirrored in typical ministry settings, and that there would be value, both to Malawi and others, in documenting and analysing the dynamics and institutional issues which made this possible.
openalex: W2155000714 mag: 2155000714
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Role of Mathematics Education in Educational Development : A Case of Mathematics Education in Kenya - Einaga, Tadatoshi (International journal of curriculum development and practice, 2001)
openalex: W573185833 mag: 573185833
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Common errors and perfomance of students in junior secondary mathematics certificate examinations in Cross River State, Nigeria - Ekwueme, Cecilia Olunwa; Nenty, N. Johnson (Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2001)
openalex: W2055090121 mag: 2055090121
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[Efficacity of praziquantel in school-aged children in a hyperendemic zone for Schistoma haematobium (Niger, 1999)]. - Garba, Amadou; Tohon, Zilahatou; Sidiki, Ali; Chippaux, Jean‐Philippe; Chabalier, F. de (PubMed, 2001)
Urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the Niger river valley. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and side effects of a single oral dose of praziquantel at 40 mg/kg in the treatment of schistosomiasis. The investigation took place between April 5, 1999 and May 25, 1999. A total of 318 primary school children, aged from 6 to 16 years, of a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area were included in the survey. They underwent a macroscopic and parasitological examinations of the urine before treatment and two and six weeks after treatment. Treatment with praziquantel was given at 40 mg/kg of body weight in a single dose. Side effects due to praziquantel were assessed within the first 4 hours, and 24 hours after. Side effects were frequent (53.7%), especially occurring in the first four hours. Their expression was not associated with the sex of the child nor the intensity of the infestation. We noted that elder children expressed more complaints. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pains, headaches and pruritus. All these signs were without gravity and resolved within the first twenty-four hours. Before treatment, the prevalence of infestation was 98%. Six weeks after treatment, 32% of children remained positive despite a marked reduction of egg excretion. In this survey, the side effects of the treatment were very frequent but without gravity. Using praziquantel, 68% of the subjects were cured completely. Urinary schistosomiasis control programs can continue to use it for mass treatment without risk.
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Scared at School: Sexual Violence against Girls in South African Schools. - George, Erika (2001)
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Cultural and sex differences in aggression : a comparison between Spanish, Japanese and South African students - Graetz, Lynda Janette (2001)
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Description of self‐care training in occupational therapy: case studies of five Kenyan children with cerebral palsy - Guidetti, Susanne; Söderback, Ingrid (Occupational therapy international, 2001)
The purpose of this prospective case study design was to describe the changes in dressing skills for five Kenyan children with cerebral palsy who participated in a 10-week occupational therapy intervention programme. The training sessions were individually designed to meet the needs of the child. The children's performances on undressing and dressing and the time these tasks took was used as a baseline and outcome measure. These measurements were documented by video films and then analysed using visual inspection and converted into the scores of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale. The results for each child were analysed using a simplified version of the Reliability Change Index. The results showed that four of the five children improved their ability to dress and that the children increased their time to undress significantly (p<0.05). Three children needed more time and two children needed less time for dressing (p<0.05). The results were influenced by the activity limitations among these children and the environmental, social backgrounds, cultural and economic situation unique to Kenya. It is recommended that case study research be used to validate clinical practice in paediatric occupational therapy and to understand cultural differences and its impact on health care.
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An investigation into the perceptions of academic staff on quality assurance in teaching and learning at selected South African universities - Hay, Driekie; Herselman, M. E. (South African journal of higher education, 2001)
During the last decade South African higher education has undergone various changes in terms of new policies and legislation, an increasing diverse student population, participating governance structures, declining enrolment figures and different modes of programme delivery. Apart from adjusting to these changing circumstances higher education has to compete in a competitive global and national environment where students have a variety of institutions and delivery modes to choose from, although only one pool of potential students exists. In this competitive environment academics are forced to demonstrate the quality of what they are doing and consider the effectiveness thereof. Academics also have different views regarding a quality assurance system. Some view it as a form of managerial control, while others feel such a system can ensure improvement. This study was therefore initiated to investigate how South African academics perceive the implementation of a quality assurance system that is initiated by government. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.15(3) 2001: 131-142
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PREVENTION AND ABATEMENT OF MARINE POLLUTION IN TUNISIAN COMMERCIAL PORTS - Hazelton, Robert H.; Sargent, Robert M.; Gundlach, Erich R.; Boussetta, Mohamed Anis; Djebara, Ahmed Ben; Fadhel, Sahbene Ben (Proceedings, 2001)
ABSTRACT In addition to having ports that ship and receive oil and other commercial products by sea, the Republic of Tunisia is exposed to potential spills from vessels that are routed close to shore as they transit the Mediterranean. This paper summarizes a study that was conducted to evaluate Tunisia's commercial ports' oil spill contingency plans, response equipment, and response management systems, for the purposes of increasing the spill response capability of the Tunisian Office of the Merchant Marine and Ports (OMMP) and bringing each plan up to criteria established by Tunisia's 1996 oil spill legislation and international standards. The four ports evaluated were Bizerte, Tunis-Goulette-Radès (TGR), Sfax, and Zarzis. Interviews and discussions were conducted with representatives of the OMMP, the Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPE), the Tunisian Petroleum Activities Enterprise (ETAP), the Tunisian Navy and Merchant Marine, the Directorate General of Energy, the state-owned oil transportation company (TRAPSA), and selected private sector oil companies. The equipment review entailed analysis of existing equipment in each port, potential spill size and location, time to respond, and environmentally sensitive areas needing protection. Specific recommendations were made for improving the readiness posture of Tunisia's commercial ports and for the purchase of additional spill-response equipment and services. Implementation of these recommendations will result in a significantly improved capability on the part of the private and public sector users of Tunisia's commercial ports to respond effectively to marine oil spills, should one occur. This paper highlights the readiness capability of each port and the extent of oil transportation activities, and provides recommendations to improve response via equipment purchases, improvement of the existing response management system, implementation of a training and exercise program, and changes to the port contingency plans.
openalex: W2009781848 mag: 2009781848
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Trial and Lifetime Smoking Risks Among African American College Students - Hestick, H; Sc, Perrino; Wa, Rhodes; Kd, Sydnor (Journal of American College Health, 2001)
The authors surveyed 614 African American university students to determine the magnitude of cigarette use, identify risk factors, and develop models to predict smoking. More than half (58.3%) of the participants had smoked at least once, and 9.3% of that group were lifetime smokers. Among the lifetime smokers, 71.3% had smoked during the 30 days preceding the survey. More women (66.8%) than men (56.1%) had tried smoking and were classed as lifetime smokers. Residence, parental, and peer smoking (current and childhood) were associated with trying smoking; age, race/ethnicity, and marital status were additional factors for becoming a lifetime smoker. The risk of being a lifetime smoker was reduced when neither friends nor parents of the student smoked and the student viewed spirituality as important. The results of this study add to the growing understanding of health risk behaviors among African Americans and can be useful in reducing smoking.
openalex: W2011214606 mag: 2011214606
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Acknowledging the Language of African American Students: Instructional Strategies - Hollie, Sharroky (English Journal, 2001)
openalex: W2797420048 mag: 2797420048
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Acknowledging the Language of African American Students: Instructional Strategies - Hollie, Sharroky (English Journal, 2001)
Describes the Linguistic Affirmation Program (LAP), a comprehensive nonstandard language awareness program for students not proficient in Standard American English, that facilitates the acquisition of Standard American English without devaluing students’ home language and culture. Notes its six research-based critical instructional approaches. Outlines four linguistic schools of thought regarding nonstandard language forms. Notes classroom applications for success in the LAP.
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Powerful Pedagogy for African American Students - Howard, Tyrone C. (Urban Education, 2001)
The disproportionate underachievement of African American students may suggest that teacher effectiveness with this student population has been limited. However, amidst these widespread academic failures, characterizations of effective teachers of African American students have emerged in an attempt to reverse these disturbing trends. This article examines the findings from a qualitative case study of four elementary school teachers in urban settings. The findings reveal teaching practices consistent with various norms espoused by African American students in a manner that could be termed “culturally relevant.” In this article, three of the major pedagogical themes are discussed: holistic instructional strategies, culturally consistent communicative competencies, and skill-building strategies to promote academic success.
openalex: W2087298660 mag: 2087298660
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Diagnosis and management of brain tumors at Jos university teaching hospital, Nigeria - Igun, GO (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To report on the incidence of brain tumours in Jos Plateau of Nigeria and to highlight areas of interest regarding diagnosis, management and outcome.A retrospective study.Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria.Thirty patients with brain tumours.Specific management of primary lesions was carried out in cases of metastatic brain tumours. Steroids were administered in one case of cerebellar oligodendroma. Craniotomy and excision was achieved in two cases of meningioma and two of sarcoma. Palliative excision was employed in another two cases of meningioma. Two cases each of pituitary adenomas were managed by craniotomy and excision and trans-nasal transsphenoidal excision.Brain tumours ranked third in frequency relative to other tumours. The relative frequency of different histological types in percentages were: metastatic (30%), anterior pituitary (21%), meningeal (18%), neuroepithelial (15%) and nerve-sheath (6%). The mean age of presentation was 33 years. The three commonest clinical features in percentages included headaches (43%), cranial masses (39%) and visual defects (26%). Eighty three per cent of the total number of patients died within three weeks to one year irrespective of management modality employed. Two patients who had transnasal excision of pituitary tumours abroad are, however, well and alive at one and two years post-operation respectively.In this study, roentgenograms of the skull had a diagnostic value of 76% for tumours of meningeal origin and pituitary adenomas. CT scan is the mainstay for diagnosis of brain tumours. The outcome was poor with a mortality of 83%.
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Perinatal outcome of obvious congenital malformation as seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. - Iroha, E O; Egri-Okwaji, M T; Odum, CU; Anorlu, R.I.; Oye-Adeniran, B O; Banjo, A A F (Nigerian journal of paediatrics, 2001)
A retrospective review of major congenital malformations in 353 newborns delivered at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital during a 10-year period, (1981-1990) has revealed an overall incidence of 15.8 per 1000 total births, while the contribution of such malformations to perinatal mortality was 11.9 per cent. Gastrointestinal, central nervous and musculo-skeletal system malformations were the commonest seen with individual incidences of 3.9, 3.5 and 2.1 per 1000 total births, respectively. Unclassified congenital malformations had the highest case fatality while central nervous system malformations constituted the commonest cause of death among the malformed neonates. The pattern and incidence of congenital malformations at the hospital would appear to have remained substantially unchanged in the last three decades. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 2001; 28: 73. pp. 73-77
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Education officers in South African museums : museums, science and education - Jezi, Khanyile (South African Museums Association Bulletin, 2001)
Everyone knows that one of the main functions of the museums of South Africa is education. Museum education is generally concerned with the provision of services to the public. These services include educational programmes for children, collections for researchers, and exhibitions for the broader public. Unlike schools, museums cater for almost everyone, including children as young as two years old. Education is at the heart of museums because they are the only institutions devoted to the conservation of the movable cultural and natural heritage of this country. It is obvious then that some functions and missions of museums will not and can not be fulfilled without Museum Educators.
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A health and nutritional profile of rural school children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Jinabhai, C C; Taylor, Myra; Coutsoudis, Anna; Coovadia, Hoosen M.; Tomkins, Andrew; Sullivan, Keith (Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 2001)
SummaryA community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to measure anthropometric indices, micronutrient status and prevalence of parasite infections in 579 rural South African primary school children. Eleven schools were selected randomly from a Magisterial District in southern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). In each school, all pupils aged between 8 and 10 years were selected. The following outcome measures were obtained: anthropometric—height for age, weight for age and body mass index; micronutrient status—anaemia, serum ferritin and vitamin A; and prevalence of parasite infections—Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Schistosoma haematobium. The observed prevalences were: stunting 7.3%, underweight for age 0.7%, and obesity 3.1%; anaemia 16.5% (Hb < 12 g/dl), vitamin A deficiency 34.7% (serum retinol < 20 μg/dl) and 28.1% with reduced serum ferritin (< 12 ng/ml); Trichuris trichiura 53.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 27.3% and Schistosoma haematobium 24.5%. We conclude that micronutrient deficiency, parasitic infestations and stunting remain significant problems among school-aged children in South Africa. Micronutrient supplementation and de-worming provide opportunities for school-based health promotion and primary health care interventions, and might produce significant health and educational benefits.
openalex: W2110956570 mag: 2110956570
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A health and nutritional profile of rural school children in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa - Jinabhai, C C; Taylor, Myra; Coutsoudis, Anna; Coovadia, Hoosen M.; Tomkins, Andrew; Sullivan, Keith (Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 2001)
SummaryA community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to measure anthropometric indices, micronutrient status and prevalence of parasite infections in 579 rural South African primary school children. Eleven schools were selected randomly from a Magisterial District in southern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). In each school, all pupils aged between 8 and 10 years were selected. The following outcome measures were obtained: anthropometric—height for age, weight for age and body mass index; micronutrient status—anaemia, serum ferritin and vitamin A; and prevalence of parasite infections—Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Schistosoma haematobium. The observed prevalences were: stunting 7.3%, underweight for age 0.7%, and obesity 3.1%; anaemia 16.5% (Hb < 12 g/dl), vitamin A deficiency 34.7% (serum retinol < 20 μg/dl) and 28.1% with reduced serum ferritin (< 12 ng/ml); Trichuris trichiura 53.9%, Ascaris lumbricoides 27.3% and Schistosoma haematobium 24.5%. We conclude that micronutrient deficiency, parasitic infestations and stunting remain significant problems among school-aged children in South Africa. Micronutrient supplementation and de-worming provide opportunities for school-based health promotion and primary health care interventions, and might produce significant health and educational benefits.
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African Biogeography, Climate Change, and Human Evolution. Timothy G. Bromage , Friedemann Schrenk - Johanson, Don (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 2001)
Previous articleNext article No AccessNew Biological BooksAfrican Biogeography, Climate Change, and Human Evolution. Timothy G. Bromage , Friedemann Schrenk Don JohansonDon Johanson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 76, Number 1Mar., 2001 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/393841 Copyright 2001 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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The Nguzo Saba as a Foundation for African American College Student Development Theory - Johnson, Vanessa D. (Journal of Black Studies, 2001)
Because educators at predominantly White institutions have historically relied upon a body of knowledge that supports and reinforces Euroamerican values, they often prove unsuccessful in responding to the educational and cultural needs of African American students. Black students at predominantly White institutions are taught and evaluated from an Anglo-Saxon perspective. (McEwen et al., 1996, p. 217)
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Mantle sources and magma–crust interactions in volcanic rocks from the northern Kenya rift: geochemical evidence - Kabeto, Kurkura; Sawada, Yoshihiro; Iizumi, Shigeru; Wakatsuki, Toshiyuki (Lithos, 2001)
Miocene to Quaternary mafic (SiO2<54 wt.%) and evolved (SiO2>54 wt.%) lavas from Samburu Hills, northern Kenya rift, exhibit significant variations in major and trace element compositions, and Sr–Nd isotopic ratios. Bimodal lavas were erupted in the early and middle Miocene (20–15 Ma and 15–10 Ma) and Pliocene (4.1–3.6 Ma), whereas only mafic lavas were produced in the upper Miocene (7.5–5.3 Ma) and Quaternary (2.0–0.1 Ma). Incompatible element concentrations (Zr, Nb, Y, Rb, and K) vary widely in the Miocene mafic lavas, but are depleted in Pliocene and Quaternary equivalents. In the Miocene and Pliocene mafic lavas, initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios vary from 0.70315 to 0.703808, and initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios vary from 0.51254 to 0.51288. 143Nd/144Nd ratios of the Quaternary lavas are similar (0.512724–0.512873), but 87Sr/86Sr ratios are higher (0.70432–0.70468). On a Nd- vs. Sr-isotopic diagram, the Quaternary lavas plot near bulk earth, whereas all other mafic lavas lie within the depleted mantle quadrant and at the left end of the East African Carbonatite Line (EACL). The geochemical variations of the mafic lavas originated from heterogeneous mantle sources produced by interaction of plume and lithospheric mantle, and subsequently modified by variable degrees of partial melting. The evolved lavas are divisible into evolved high-alkali (Na2O+K2O>9 wt.%) early Miocene latites, trachyphonolites, and middle Miocene and Pliocene trachytes; less evolved low-alkali (Na2O+K2O<9 wt.%) middle Miocene mugearite, and Pliocene benmoreite and trachyte suites. The high-alkali trachyphonolites and trachytes are enriched in Nb, Zr, Rb, and K, and depleted in Ba, Sr, P, and Ti relative to latites and evolved low-alkali lavas. The evolved high-alkali lavas have higher initial Sr-isotopic (0.70372–0.705939) ratios than their mafic equivalents, but their initial Nd-isotopic ratios (0.512656–0.512777) lie within the same range. The low-alkali suites, however, have lower initial Nd-isotopic ratios (0.51235–0.51250), and slightly higher Sr-isotopic ratios (0.70347–0.70407) than their associated mafic lavas. Assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) of mafic magma is considered to be the dominant process for the generation of evolved lavas. The high-alkali and low-alkali evolved lavas require low and high degrees of crustal assimilation, respectively.
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Effects of Democracy on Teachers and Teacher Education in Malawi. Improving Educational Quality (IEQ) Project. - Kamangira, Yoas T.; Kasambara, Joyce C. (2001)
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Dental caries and periodontal conditions among primary school children in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania - Kikwilu, Emil N.; Mandari, G.J. (East African Medical Journal, 2001)
To describe the occurrence of dental caries and periodontal conditions among standards three and four primary school children in Morogoro municipality and compare the obtained oral health indicators with the goals stipulated in the National Plan for Oral Health by the year 2002.Cross sectional study of the oral health status among eight to 15-year old primary school children.Primary schools in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania.A total of 1,297 standards three and four children in five primary schools randomly selected from a list of 36 primary schools of Morogoro municipality were examined for oral health status. Dental caries and periodontal status were recorded using the criteria described in the WHO manual for Oral health Surveys, Basic Methods (1997). Oral cleanliness was assessed using plaque index.Dental caries prevalence, experience and its distribution by tooth type and jaw and prevalence and severity of periodontal conditions and oral cleanliness.Seventy six percent of the children were caries free, and the mean DM-T was 0.41. No fillings were encountered. Seventy six per cent of carious lesions were in pits and fissures of lower molars. Only 21% of the caries lesions were in the pits and fissures of upper molars. Seventy five per cent of the children had all sextants with no gingivitis or calculus. Mean sextants with gingivitis, calculus and visible plaque were 0.25, 0.69 and 2.44 respectively.Standard four and standard four children in Morogoro municipality primary schools had very low levels of dental caries, good oral hygiene and a very low prevalence of gingivitis. No restorative treatment had been provided to these pupils. It is recommended that Morogoro municipality should start a dental caries treatment programme in primary schools in order to attain the national goal of 10% of the "F" component of DMF-T by the year 2002.
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Idiosyncratic Role-Elaboration, Academic Performance, and Adjustment among African-American and European-American Male College Student-Athletes - Killeya, Ley A. (College student journal, 2001)
Ley A. Killeya is now at Department of Psychiatry, UMDNJ-RWJ Medical School. Please address correspondence to Cognitive Skills Program, UBHC D-338, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Telephone: (732)-235-4129. Electronic mail: killeylh@umdnj.edu. Idiosyncratic elaboration and evaluation of Student role and Athlete role among African-American and European-American elite male college student-athletes was used to predict semester and cumulative GPA, self-esteem, and anxiety. Positive role-elaboration predicted GPA and self-esteem for African-American student-athletes only, and predicted anxiety for both groups. GPA was also strongly related to self-esteem and anxiety for African-American student-athletes, whereas there was no relationship between GPA and the adjustment measures for European-American student-athletes. These results indicate that whereas self-concept measures such as role-elaboration are important in the adjustment of both African-American and European-American student-athletes, there is an additional relationship between these measures and academic performance for African-American student-athletes. Suggestions for counseling student-athletes are discussed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that non-cognitive self-concept measures such as levels of social support, positive self-concept and trait anxiety are related to the adjustment and academic success of student-athletes (e.g., Petrie & Stoever, 1997; Sedlacek, 1987; Sedlacek & Adams-Gaston, 1992; Tracey & Sedlacek 1984, 1987; Young & Sowa, 1992). This study sought to further identify important noncognitive factors in predicting the academic performance of minority and majority student-athletes. Taken as a starting point was the assumption that individuals describe and evaluate their roles in diverse ways and that this diversity has implications for domain-related outcomes such as academic performance and adjustment. Considered in the present study were institutionally required roles of Athlete and Student. Recent research has elucidated important differences in the utility of cognitive and non-cognitive variables for predicting academic performance and retention among male and female, and minority and non-minority student-athletes. Sedlacek and Adams-Gaston (1992) reported that whereas SAT was unrelated to first semester GPA for male and female student-athletes, four non-cognitive variables did predict first semester grades. In an earlier study at a predominantly white university (Tracey & Sedlacek, 1984), noncognitive variables predicted enrollment status after three semesters for Black students, in addition to predicting three-semester cumulative GPA for both Black and White students. SAT did not predict such persistence for Black or White students. Young and Sowa (1992) reported that, for Black student-athletes, only high school grades predicted first semester college grades among the cognitive variables measured, whereas non-cognitive variables provided more consistent predictions of academic performance. Sedlacek (1987) noted that, because traditional academic measures do not appear to accurately predict academic performance for minority students, many institutions use standards in their admissions decisions for these students (i.e., lower SAT and other standardized test scores, and lower GPAs). This procedure, he argues, often leads to lower self-esteem among minority students and to stereotyping of these students – including student-athletes – by faculty and student peers. Engstrom and colleagues (Engstrom & Sedlacek, 1991; Engstrom, Sedlacek, & McEwan, 1995) reported that both faculty and students harbored prejudicial and stereotypical attitudes towards student-athletes, especially in terms of academic performance. Additionally, faculty regarded student-athletes' academic abilities as less positive compared to regular students, and expressed disdain and anger in situations where additional privileges or services are granted to student-athletes (Engstrom et al. …
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Assessment of HIV transmission risks in clinical situations in health care students from Germany, Lithuania and Namibia - Klewer, Jörg (Public Health, 2001)
Due to the increasing global HIV prevalence, comprehensive knowledge about clinical HIV transmission risks in health care professionals is essential. Mainly medical and nursing students are at risk, because they are working close to infected patients. By using an anonymous questionnaire, the study analysed the assessments of German medical/dental students (n=182), Lithuanian medical students (n=176) and Namibian student nurses (n=135) on the risk of getting HIV infected in different clinical situations. It became obvious that the Namibian student nurses overestimated the risk of HIV transmission in several situations (eg changing dirty linen, physical examination). In comparison, the Lithuanian students showed the most realistic assessments, while the German students also tended to overestimate the risks of HIV transmission. The results indicate that assessments on the risk of HIV transmission in clinical situations are influenced by the national prevalence and daily contacts with HIV patients. Education of health care students should consider this and focus more on epidemiological aspects and infection control procedures, to avoid endangering students and patients. Public Health (2001) 115, 114–118
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Assessment of HIV transmission risks in clinical situations in health care students from Germany, Lithuania and Namibia - Klewer, Jörg; Lauschke, Helmut; Raulinaviciute, J; Sasnauskaitė, Laura; Pavilonis, Alvydas; Kügler, Joachim (Public Health, 2001)
Due to the increasing global HIV prevalence, comprehensive knowledge about clinical HIV transmission risks in health care professionals is essential. Mainly medical and nursing students are at risk, because they are working close to infected patients. By using an anonymous questionnaire, the study analysed the assessments of German medical/dental students (n = 182), Lithuanian medical students (n = 176) and Namibian student nurses (n = 135) on the risk of getting HIV infected in different clinical situations. It became obvious that the Namibian student nurses overestimated the risk of HIV transmission in several situations (eg changing dirty linen, physical examination). In comparison, the Lithuanian students showed the most realistic assessments, while the German students also tended to overestimate the risks of HIV transmission. The results indicate that assessments on the risk of HIV transmission in clinical situations are influenced by the national prevalence and daily contacts with HIV patients. Education of health care students should consider this and focus more on epidemiological aspects and infection control procedures, to avoid endangering students and patients.
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They Took the Time … They Started To Care: Stories of African-American Nursing Students in Intercultural Caring Groups - Kosowski, Margaret M.; Grams, Kathryn; Taylor, Gloria; Wilson, Carol (Advances in Nursing Science, 2001)
Socially responsible nurse educators articulate the need to explore opportunities for nursing students to participate in experiences that promote caring and respect for diversity. This research illuminates the experiences of 10 African-American nursing students who participated in caring groups while enrolled in a predominantly White nursing education program. Although the meanings embedded in the African-American students' stories revealed commonalities with those of European-American and international students, there were also some differences. The authors maintained a critical social consciousness to analyze and describe these commonalities and differences. This article discusses the constitutive patterns and themes that emerged from the data and addresses implications for nursing education and practice.
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Detecting Covariates with Non-Random Missing Values in a Survey of Primary Education in Madagascar - Lindsey, J. K.; Lindsey, Patrick (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 2001)
Summary A major survey of the determinants of access to primary education in Madagascar was carried out in 1994. The probability of enrolment, probability of admission, delay before beginning school, probability of repeating a year and probability of dropping out were studied. The results of the survey are briefly described. In the analysis, one major problem was non-random missing values in the covariates. Some simple methods were developed for detecting whether a response variable depends on the missingness of a given covariate and whether eliminating the missing values would distort the resulting model. A way of incorporating covariates with randomly missing values was used such that the individuals having the missing values did not need to be eliminated. These methods are described and examples are given on how they were applied for one of the key covariates that had a large number of non-random missing values and for one for which the values appear to be randomly missing.
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Donor support to human resource capacity building in Namibia: experience of resident technical assistance support for workplace learning and assessment of alternative options - Low, Anne; Tjongarero, Agnes; Low, Allan; Nambundunga, Beata (Journal of International Development, 2001)
Abstract The initiation and implementation of development programmes in developing countries places demands on professional staff to acquire new skills and adopt new approaches to drive new development paradigms. It has been found that formal training plays a relatively small part in learning new skills in the workplace, compared with informal learning‐by‐doing within a supportive institutional environment. This paper describes and contrasts the ways in which two donor funded technical assistance projects in Namibia applied four learning support strategies identified in the literature. The experiences described suggest that resident technical assistance can offer types of support for workplace learning and institutional development through mentoring and backstopping, that alternative short term assistance or training course oriented projects lack. It is concluded therefore, that in seeking alternatives to capacity building through resident technical assistance, donors and recipient countries should assess the options not only in terms of skills transferred, but also in terms of building confidence to undertake new areas of work and the development of institutional processes supportive of workplace learning. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The challenges of teaching Economics in an under-resourced black South African school: conversations about research - Maistry, Murthi (Perspectives in Education, 2001)
For many years, South African schooling has been driven by a terminal external examination system that is largely context insensitive. This assessment system has had a profound influence on educators so much so that many have adopted a 'teach to the test' pedagogy. The problem solving nature of the discipline of economics requires a pedagogy in keeping with the nature of the discipline. The nature of the external assessment has however dictated a different set of expectations of economics educators. This, together with the repressive teaching contexts under which many educators teach, has manifested itself in the development of unique coping strategies by such educators. This paper will discuss the findings of a research study that examined the reasons for the disjuncture between a teacher's theory of teaching and his actual practice.
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Strategies of Accommodation: Toward an Inclusive Canon of South African Art - Marschall, Sabine (Art Journal, 2001)
As a result of South Africa's historical legacy, vast aesthetic, technical, and conceptual discrepancies have tended to differentiate the works of many self-taught black artists from academically trained and internationally connected whites. Given these incongruities—which persist with the exception of a small elite of internationally recognized black artists—art historians and curators have been challenged to develop conceptual models that succeed in resolving differences or bridging gaps. This challenge has become more acute since the late 1980s, when a growing number of black artists were “discovered” and their works were “elevated” from the lower ranks of craft and folk art to “fine” or “high” art, a category previously reserved largely for white artists. The paradigms and methods of accommodating black South African artists' works have changed over the past fifteen years in accordance with prevailing art theoretical discourses and with imperatives fueled by current political ideologies. Both of these impulses, though often appearing to be independent of one another, are, in fact, intricately interwoven.
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Impact of lactation management education programme in Kenya - Mirie, Waithira (2001)
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The Natash alkaline volcanic field, Egypt: geochemical and mineralogical inferences on the evolution of a basalt to rhyolite eruptive suite - Mohamed, F.H. (Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2001)
Extensive lava flows were erupted during the Upper Cretaceous in the Wadi Natash of southern Egypt. The lavas are mainly of alkaline (sodium dominated) composition and include alkali olivine basalt (AOB), hawaiite, mugearite, and benmoreite that intruded with acidic volcanics of trachytic to rhyolitic composition. Abundances of major oxides and trace elements including the REE vary systematically through this compositional spectrum. The gradual decrease of CaO with decreasing MgO is consistent with the dominance of phenocrysts of labradoritic plagioclase (An75–62) and Mg-rich olivine (Fo84–80) in the AOB and hawaiite. Olivine phenocrysts are normally zoned with cores consistent with crystallization from a magma having the bulk-rock composition. The sharp decrease of alkalis at low MgO contents (∼0.4% MgO) indicates significant alkali feldspar fractionation during the evolution of trachytes and rhyolites. All Natash lavas show steep chondrite-normalized REE patterns with considerable LREE/HREE fractionation and a regular decrease in La/Lu ratios from the least to the most evolved lavas (La/Lun=12.5−9.5). The low absolute abundances of HREE in basic members reflects residual garnet in the source. The basic lavas have experienced compositional modifications after they segregated from the source as evidenced by lower averages of Mg# (51), Ni (134) and Cr (229) in the AOB. Much of this variation can be explained by variable degrees of polybaric fractional crystallization. Petrographic and geochemical data supported by quantitative modelling suggest the evolution of the Natash Lavas from a common AOB parent in multiple, short-lived magma chambers. In agreement with the phenocryst mineralogy of the Natash lavas, the geochemical models suggest that with increasing degree of differentiation, Mg-rich olivine, calcic plagioclase, and augite are joined and progressively substituted by ferrohedenbergite, alkali feldspars and magnetite. The OIB (ocean island basalt)-like nature of the AOB and hawaiite lavas suggests that the volumetrically dominant source component is the asthenospheric mantle. A mantle-plume source is suggested for the Natash basaltic lavas, with the lavas being generated by partial melting of a garnet peridotite in the asthenosphere.
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Mature Age Entry Schemes: A Comparative Analysis of Student Profiles in Five Universities in Southern Africa - Mpofu, Stanley (Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 2001)
This study is an attempt to extend earlier analyses (Davies, 1995; Mpofu, 1997) of the target clientele of mature age entry schemes to a level where we understand who exactly avails themselves for these programmes, in five universities in Southern Africa. To say that the enrolees of these programmes vary from country to country and, in some cases, from institution to institution (within the same country), is perhaps to state the obvious. However, in the absence of empirical research to determine the actual participants in several institutions, implementers of these programmes in these institutions and elsewhere will continue to rely on speculations and unsubstantiated claims with regard to whom is likely to enrol in the programmes.
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Developing Assessment and Evaluation Strategies for Vernacular Elementary School Classrooms: A Collaborative Study in Papua New Guinea - Nagai, Yasuko (Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 2001)
Unlike previous research studies that focused on teaching and learning strategies in indigenous societies, this study presents an investigation of assessment and evaluation strategies in a local community in Papua New Guinea. On the basis of the findings, this study also presents a process of developing more culturally appropriate classroom practices from the indigenous teachers' perspectives. It is a collaborative study between the indigenous teachers, who play the major role, and the researcher, who plays the role of facilitator.
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Transformational Issues and Challenges in South African Educational Reform: A Case Study of Two Schools in QwaQwa. - Napier, Diane Brook; Napier, John D.; Lebeta, Vincent T. (2001)
Policies for creating a nonracial, democratic education system in South Africa are spawning implementation issues that reflect change and resistance to change in schools. This paper reports on a multiple-year ethnographic study in two contrasting schools in QwaQwa, South Africa. Faculty, administrators, and students were observed and interviewed to ascertain the degree of penetration of democratization reforms and to document developments in these schools as they experience the latest phase of reform implementation. Although both schools now have non-white enrollments, one is a former township school for Africans with an African staff, while the other is a former white school that, has retained its predominantly white Afrikaner staff and ethos. The two schools exhibit contrasting features of change, no change, and resistance to change in ways that reinforce findings in the first years of the study. The transformational flow of educational ideas such as democratization is evident in South African transformation policies that are differentially impacting these schools. The research has revealed the manner in which transformation policies are themselves transformed, mediated, or resisted at the micro level in the school and classroom depending on internal contextual factors and administration ideology. Internal realities of reform in process are exposed. (Contains 2 tables and 22 references.) (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
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Leadership Challenges in Higher Education Libraries in East Africa - Nawe, Julita (Information development, 2001)
Outlines the role of institutions of higher education and the history of institutions of higher learning in East Africa and describes post-independence challenges to institutions of higher learning and their libraries in the region. Discusses the problems of managing change and identifies two groups of coping strategies: human resource and non human resource based. Concludes that the survival of organizations depends significantly on how much is invested in training as part of performance management.
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Evaluation of the use of a questionnaire to detect hearing loss in Kenyan pre-school children - Newton, Valerie; Macharia, Isaac; Mugwe, Peter; Ototo, Benson; Kan, Sau Wan (International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2001)
In developing countries, there is a lack of trained personnel and testing equipment to facilitate the early detection of hearing impairment in children. A questionnaire offers a low cost option and the value of this for detecting hearing impairment in pre-school children was determined in several districts in Kenya. The questionnaire was completed by either teachers, parents/carers or community nurses. The children were subsequently tested using pure tone audiometry and visual examination of the ear by ENT Clinical Officers, who were not given prior access to the results of the questionnaire. A total of 757 (88%) questionnaires were completed. Of the 735 children, who could be tested using pure tone audiometry, four were found to have a unilateral hearing impairment and one was detected by the questionnaire. A total of 13 children had a bilateral hearing impairment >40 dB HL. All were detected using the questionnaire. There were eight males and five females with ages ranging from 4.2 to 6.9 years, mean age 5.7 years and median age 5.8 years. Eight had a sensorineural hearing impairment and two a mixed hearing impairment. Three of the children with a sensorineural hearing loss had a family history of hearing impairment. No question detected all children with a hearing impairment and some questions were more discerning than others. There was 100% sensitivity for the questionnaire when a hearing loss of >40 dB was considered, but specificity was lower at 75%. Negative predictive value was 100%, but the positive predictive value was low, 6.75%. It was concluded that a questionnaire of this nature could be usefully applied at Primary Health Care level for detecting hearing impairment at the pre-school stage. There would be need for services available for diagnosis, treatment and habilitation before a screening programme was introduced.
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An evaluation of a South African thinking skills programme for primary school learners : a follow-up study - Nissen, Charlene (2001)
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Communicative Approaches to Teaching English in Namibia: The issue of transfer of Western approaches to developing countries Les Approches Communicatives de l'Enseignement de l'Anglais en Namibie: La question du transfert des me´thodes occidentales aux pays en voie de de´veloppement Enfoques Comunicativos de la Ensen ¨ anza del Ingle´s en Namibia: El tema de la transmisio´n de enfoques occidentales a los pa´ L ses en v´ L as de desarrollo - O’Sullivan, Margo C. (International Journal of Early Years Education, 2001)
Communicative approaches are considered effective in Western countries for developing the English language skills of learners for whom English is a second or third language. This inspired the Namibian Ministry of Education's efforts to devise a new lower primary English syllabus upon independence from South Africa in 1990. The syllabus proposes the use of a communicative approach to teaching speaking and listening skills. In this article the extent to which this approach is appropriate to the Namibian context will be explored. This exploration is based on a 3 year (1995-1997) action research study of an INSET programme, which sought to support unqualified and underqualified primary teachers' efforts to implement the communicative approach. The research study's findings raise the issue of transfer. They suggest that communicative approaches are transferable to the Namibian context if they are simplified and adequate prescriptive guidelines are provided to support teachers. Otherwise, they are beyond the professional capacity of teachers to implement. Les approches communicatives sont considérées comme efficaces dans les pays occidentaux pour développer les compétences en Anglais deuxième ou troisième langue. Ceci a incitéle ministère Namibien de l'Education, lors de son indépendance de l'Afrique du Sud en 1990, àfaire élaborer un nouveau programme d'enseignement de l'Anglais dans les petites classes primaires. Ce programme propose l'emploi d'une approche communicative à l'enseignement de la langue parlée et de la compréhension orale. Dans cet article, nous examinerons si cette approches est appropriée au contexte Namibien. Cette étude se base sur trois ans (1995‐1997) de recherches sur un programme INSET, dont l'objectif e´tait de soutenir les efforts des enseignants non-qualifie´s et sous-qualifie´s dans l'application de l'approche communicative. Les re´sultats de l'e´tude soule ¤ vent la question du transfert. Elles sugge ¤ rent que les approches communicatives peuvent etre transfe´re´es au contexte Namibien si elles sont simplifie´es, et si des directives ade´quates sont fournies pour aider les enseignants. Autrement, leur application de´passe les capacite´s professionnelles des enseignants. En los pá L ses occidentales, se considera que los enfoques comunicativos son efectivos para el desarrollo de los conocimientos idiomáticos de Inglés de los aprendices para quienes el inglés es un segundo o tercer idioma. Esto inspirólos esfuerzos del Ministerio de Educación de Namibia para concebir un neuvo programa de Inglés para los primeros an~os al independizarse de Sudáfrica en 1990. El programa propone el uso de un enfoque comunicativo hacia las destrezas docente, oratoria y auditiva. En este art´ L culo se estudiará hasta quépunto este enfoque es adecuado dentro del contexto Namibio. Este análisis se basa en un estudio de investigación de un programa INSET que durótres an~os (1995-1997). Este estudio intentaba asistir en los esfuerzos de profesores de primaria no cualificados y subcualificados a implementar el enfoque comunicativo. Los descubrimientos del estudio de investigación de medidas plantea el tema de la transmisión. Sugieren que los enfoques comunicativos pueden transferirse al contexto Namibio si se simplifican, y se facilitan adecuadas l´ L neas directrices prescriptivas para asistir a los profesores. Si no, están más allá de la capacidad profesional de los profesores para que las implementen.
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The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa - managing a living collection : museums, science and education - Oberprieler, Ulrich (South African Museums Association Bulletin, 2001)
Zoological gardens and museums: two different types of institutions that nonetheless have a lot in common. Zoos, like museums, house collections. Unlike museum collections, those in zoos consist of living animals. Working with living collections has a number of advantages, such as the fact that animal populations grow and that animals fascinate people. Challenges include the fact that animals are susceptible to diseases, that they have to be cared for every day of the year and that transport and thus exchange programmes are very costly. Although this paper deals mainly with the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, the underlying principles are generic to zoos.
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The impact of pollution from a mercury processing plant in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, on the health of fish-eating communities in the area: An environmental health risk assessment - Oosthuizen, Jacques; Ehrlich, Rodney (International journal of environmental health research (Print), 2001)
The objective of this study was to determine the human health risk associated with fish consumption in a contaminated area downstream from a mercury processing plant in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study population consisted of fish consumers living in close proximity to the u'Mgeni River and the Inanda Dam downstream from the plant. A control group was selected from the area upstream from the mercury plant as far as the Nagle Dam. Total daily mercury consumption per kilogram body weight per day was calculated for each person included in the study. These data were compared with the tolerable daily intake standard published by the World Health Organization, as well as to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's reference dose. Human hair samples obtained from the study population and a control group were analysed for mercury content. The results of the risk estimation indicated that the study population is at risk. Human hair samples, however, indicated that dangerous levels of mercury had not yet been consumed. Humans in this study area could be subject to an excessive health risk from mercury as a result of their fish consumption. Fish mercury levels in the contaminated area should be monitored closely.
openalex: W2073733022 mag: 2073733022
Keywords: openalex:import

Air Pollution and Exacerbation of Asthma in African-American Children in Los Angeles - Ostro, Bart; Lipsett, Michael; Mann, Jason R.; Braxton-Owens, Hazel; White, Mary C. (Epidemiology, 2001)
Significant increases in asthma morbidity and mortality in the United States have occurred since the 1970s, particularly among African-Americans. Exposure to various environmental factors, including air pollutants and allergens, has been suggested as a partial explanation of these trends. To examine relations between several air pollutants and asthma exacerbation in African-Americans, we recruited a panel of 138 children in central Los Angeles. We recorded daily data on respiratory symptoms and medication use for 13 weeks and examined these data in conjunction with data on ozone (O3) nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), meteorological variables, pollens, and molds. Using generalized estimating equations, we found associations between respiratory symptom occurrence and several environmental factors. For example, new episodes of cough were associated with exposure to PM10 (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.12–1.39; interquartile range [IQR] = 17 μg/m3, 24-hour average), PM2.5 (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03–1.18; IQR = 30 μg/m3, 12-hour average), NO2, and the molds Cladosporium and Alternaria, but not with exposure to O3 or pollen. The factors PM10 and O3 were associated with the use of extra asthma medication. For this population several bioaerosols and air pollutants had effects that may be clinically significant.
openalex: W2075818180 mag: 2075818180
Keywords: openalex:import

Assessing learner needs for student academic support and development in the Early Childhood Education Department of the South African College for Teacher Education (SACTE) - Phatudi, Nkidi Caroline (2001)
openalex: W866103990 mag: 866103990
Keywords: openalex:import

Training Lay Health Educators to Conduct a Church-Based Weight-Loss Program for African American Women - Quinn, Michael T.; McNabb, Wylie (The Diabetes Educator, 2001)
Community-based lay health educators have been utilized in a range of settings and with a variety of health issues. However, little has been published about the specifics of training lay health educators to effectively deliver community-based programs. This paper describes the training used to prepare volunteer, church-based lay health educators to conduct a community-based weight-loss program, and the evaluation of that training.After recruitment through their respective churches, volunteer lay health educators were given structured training in how to conduct the PATHWAYS weight-loss program. Program sessions were observed to monitor program delivery, and participation rates and weight loss were evaluated.The lay health educators were highly consistent in their delivery of the program content. Participant attendance was high and virtually all of the participants completed the program. Participant weight loss averaged 8.3 pounds, which correlated with session attendance.Given training appropriate to the structure of the program and specific to the targeted health behavior, lay health educators can reliably and effectively administer even rather complex programs.
openalex: W2150986153 mag: 2150986153
Keywords: openalex:import

The feasibility of transformational leadership training and development in South Africa - Rand, Jean Du (2001)
openalex: W2099947978 mag: 2099947978
Keywords: openalex:import

Decentralisation in South African public schools : a labour law perspective on the role of the principal in managing staff misconduct : current issues in education law and policy - Rossouw, J.P. (Perspectives in Education, 2001)
In the most recent legislation on labour relations in education, as contained in the Education Laws Amendment Act 53 of 2000, the principle of decentralisation of decision-making power to the school level means that the principal, for the first time, is statutorily empowered to investigate certain disciplinary matters. The incidence of misconduct among teaching staff in South Africa is increasing at an alarming rate. The large number of additions to the list of acts of misconduct, as included in ss 17 and 18 of the abovementioned Education Laws Amendment Act, reflects the current educational scenario in many South African schools. In those forms of misconduct where educators misuse their position of trust in the educator-learner relationship, they stand to be punished in terms of the law. This article attempts to answer the question: How does decentralisation of decision-making power to the school level influence disciplinary matters regarding staff misconduct in South African public schools? The disciplinary issues that have been selected are mainly those that have direct implications for the principal. These issues include a discussion of different examples and levels of misconduct, and the prescribed procedures the principal has to follow when conducting an investigation into the alleged misconduct.
openalex: W1494890310 mag: 1494890310
Keywords: openalex:import