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This dissertation analyses assumptions about citizenship education in Malawi since the reintroduction of multiparty democracy in 1993 and reveals a minimalist conception of citizenship. It asserts that Malawi’s historical and traditional context require concerted efforts towards participatory citizenship if democracy is to be strengthened and protected. Central to the discussion are conceptual distinctions between minimal and maximal citizenship alongside a discussion of concepts of freedom,...

Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the commonest atopic diseases world wide yet its epidemiology in Kenya remains sparse. Currently, there is only one questionnaire based study (ISAAC) in children documented Objective The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in K.MTC students, aged 18-50 years. The other objectives included: to determine the severity, pattern of symptomatology and the common aeroallergcns involved in the group thus studied. Method...

Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the commonest atopic diseases world wide yet its epidemiology in Kenya remains sparse. Currently, there is only one questionnaire based study (ISAAC) in children documented Objective The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in K.MTC students, aged 18-50 years. The other objectives included: to determine the severity, pattern of symptomatology and the common aeroallergcns involved in the group thus studied. Method...

Background: Five public primary schools referred to as Local Education Authority (L.E.A.) primary schools, were identified for this study. The aim was to find out the pattern of eye disorders affecting primary school children in Kaduna North metropolis and to offer treatment to those with treatable disorders. Method: A total of 2,397 pupils whose classes ranged from primary one to six and aged between five to eighteen years were examined. Results: Of this number, 1,232 (51.57%) were males...

Background :Enuresis is a common but usually under reported developmental urologic disorder affecting children most commonly .There is evidence of affectation of normal development and social stigmatization of the enuretics apart from it being a real social nuisance.Among the African children this problem is often neglected and the preferred types of treatment are traditional methods.There may be serious implications in the child including ,emotional ,social and mental maladjustment.Method...

The common self-rated depression scales are lengthy, old and do not reflect the current diagnostic classifications criteria of depressive disorders. This study aimed to validate the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students.A representative sample of university students (n=512) completed the PHQ-9 and the Beck's Depressive Inventory (BDI). They were also interviewed for clinical diagnoses of depressive disorders using the...

We carried out a retrospective study on student voluntary blood donors in Mansoura University, Egypt. Serum samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 as well as syphilis. About 7% of students had > 1 of the diseases tested for. Prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2, and syphilis were 4.3%, 2.7%, 0.0% and 0.05% respectively. Significantly more males than females tested positive for HBsAg. Anti-HCV was significantly higher among rural than urban...

Background: Despite their importance, continuing professional education opportunities have been rarely addressed in literature. This study explains how continuing professional education opportunities among the healthcare workers in Ghana are distributed. Method: A census was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire ( N = 6,696). Three focus group discussions with a total of 23 healthcare workers were undertaken. Results: The study found that the quantities of continuing professional...

This article considers the ways in which educators and learning societies in Zambia and Zimbabwe have had to struggle to create independent, democratic and critical curricula in difficult circumstances over the last 50 years in the context of historical shifts in power, a declining British Empire and the re‐emergence of reactionary forces at a time when democracy is in retreat. It is argued that democratic learning societies depend on relationships with progressive social movements which...

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of South African children aged 6–13 years.Design. Random sampling of schools within each provincial and socio-economic category.Setting. Primary school children from 5 South African provinces.Subjects. 10 195 (5 611 male and 4 584 female) primary school children.Outcome measure. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) (weight (kg)/height (m)2) was calculated for each grouping (age x gender x...

Journal Article Morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni: an epidemiological assessment of distended abdomen syndrome in Ugandan school children with observations before and 1-year after anthelminthic chemotherapy Get access Julie Balen, Julie Balen aDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UKbDepartment of Public Health and Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, SwitzerlandcDepartment of Population Health, Queensland Institute...

This article explores the disjuncture between discourses of equity, equality, and consideration as evident in the formal secondary schooling curriculum (DoE, 2003) and learners' physical and speech behaviour in two schools in KwaZulu-Natal between 1999–2005, despite critical literacy interventions in these schools. The article draws on Shefer, Shefer and Foster's (2000) research on Discourses of Power and Violence in Students' Talk at UWC. Discourses which are intimidatory, harassing and...

TAA1-O-03 Introduction: Indoor air pollution caused by the indoor burning of biomass fuels such as wood and cow dung has been associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) among young children in developing countries. Given the relatively high costs of technical interventions, low-cost interventions that can be widely implemented amongst poor households are needed. Although behavioral change has been identified as a potential intervention category, no published studies have...

This paper modeled the proximate determinants of the scores on 60 items from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI) and of school participation of approximately 1,000 children who had lost their mothers due to AIDS and from other causes using the data from a survey in Ethiopia. The scores on MMPI items reflecting emotional and social adjustment, and school participation before and after maternal deaths were modeled in a multi-disciplinary framework incorporating the time...

AbstractThis paper estimates dynamic models for the height, head circumference, weight, and morbidity of approximately 110 Kenyan school children (6–9 years) in a multivariate longitudinal data framework. Dynamic models allow anthropometric dimensions to depend on the respective measurements in the previous period. The system of 4 equations specified for height, head circumference, weight, and morbidity incorporates the interrelationships among these variables; explanatory variables in the...